THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DEVOTED to the WORLDWIDE PRESERVATION and MANAGEMENT of AMPHIBIAN and REPTILIAN Diverf T
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Phylogenetic Diversity, Habitat Loss and Conservation in South
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2014) 20, 1108–1119 BIODIVERSITY Phylogenetic diversity, habitat loss and RESEARCH conservation in South American pitvipers (Crotalinae: Bothrops and Bothrocophias) Jessica Fenker1, Leonardo G. Tedeschi1, Robert Alexander Pyron2 and Cristiano de C. Nogueira1*,† 1Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de ABSTRACT Brasılia, 70910-9004 Brasılia, Distrito Aim To analyze impacts of habitat loss on evolutionary diversity and to test Federal, Brazil, 2Department of Biological widely used biodiversity metrics as surrogates for phylogenetic diversity, we Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G. St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, study spatial and taxonomic patterns of phylogenetic diversity in a wide-rang- USA ing endemic Neotropical snake lineage. Location South America and the Antilles. Methods We updated distribution maps for 41 taxa, using species distribution A Journal of Conservation Biogeography models and a revised presence-records database. We estimated evolutionary dis- tinctiveness (ED) for each taxon using recent molecular and morphological phylogenies and weighted these values with two measures of extinction risk: percentages of habitat loss and IUCN threat status. We mapped phylogenetic diversity and richness levels and compared phylogenetic distances in pitviper subsets selected via endemism, richness, threat, habitat loss, biome type and the presence in biodiversity hotspots to values obtained in randomized assemblages. Results Evolutionary distinctiveness differed according to the phylogeny used, and conservation assessment ranks varied according to the chosen proxy of extinction risk. Two of the three main areas of high phylogenetic diversity were coincident with areas of high species richness. A third area was identified only by one phylogeny and was not a richness hotspot. Faunal assemblages identified by level of endemism, habitat loss, biome type or the presence in biodiversity hotspots captured phylogenetic diversity levels no better than random assem- blages. -
Lora Snake (Philodryas Olfersii) Venom
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39(2):193-197, mar-abr, 2006 ARTIGO/ARTICLE Experimental ophitoxemia produced by the opisthoglyphous lora snake (Philodryas olfersii) venom Ofitoxemia experimental produzida pelo veneno da serpente opistoglifa lora (Philodryas olfersii) Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta1, Karel Lemoine1, Luis Navarrete1, María E. Girón1 and Irma Aguilar1 ABSTRACT Several colubrid snakes produce venomous oral secretions. In this work, the venom collected from Venezuelan opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) Philodryas olfersii snake was studied. Different proteins were present in its venom and they were characterized by 20% SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis. The secretion exhibited proteolytic (gelatinase) activity, which was partially purified on a chromatography ionic exchange mono Q2 column. Additionally, the haemorrhagic activity of Philodryas olfersii venom on chicken embryos, mouse skin and peritoneum was demonstrated. Neurotoxic symptoms were demonstrated in mice inoculated with Philodryas olfersii venom. In conclusion, Philodryas olfersii venom showed proteolytic, haemorrhagic, and neurotoxic activities, thus increasing the interest in the high toxic action of Philodryas venom. Key-words: Colubridae. Haemorrhage. Neurotoxic. Philodryas olfersii. Proteolytic activity. Venom. RESUMO Várias serpentes da família Colubridae produzem secreções orais venenosas. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o veneno coletado da presa posterior da serpente opistóglifa venezuelana Philodryas olfersii. Deferentes proteínas estavam presentes no veneno, sendo caracterizadas pela eletroforese de proteínas (SDS-PAGE) a 20%. A secreção mostrou atividade proteolítica (gelatinase) a qual foi parcialmente purificada em uma coluna de intercâmbio iônico (mono Q2). Adicionalmente, a atividade hemorrágica do veneno de Philodryas olfersii foi demonstrada em embriões de galinha, pele e peritônio de rato. Os sintomas neurológicos foram demonstrados em camundongos inoculados com veneno de Philodryas olfersii. -
Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes. -
First Records of the Rare Snake Echinanthera Cephalomaculata Di-Bernardo, 1994 in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)
Herpetology Notes, volume 12: 1005-1009 (2019) (published online on 17 October 2019) First records of the rare snake Echinanthera cephalomaculata Di-Bernardo, 1994 in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) Marco Antonio de Freitas1,*, Gessica Gomes Barbosa2, Karol Priscila Bernardino3, João Domingos Pinheiro Filho4, and Arthur Diesel Abegg5 The Atlantic rainforest is one of the most biodiverse The state of Pernambuco published a list of tropical forests, as well as the most threatened biome endangered reptile species in 2017, comprising eight in the world (Myers et al., 2000). The Pernambuco snake species (SEMAS, 2017): Bothrops bilineatus Endemism Center (CEP) comprises the northern portion (Wied, 1821) (vulnerable); Dipsas sazimai Fernandes, of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, delimited from the Marques, and Argôlo, 2010 (vulnerable); Drymoluber north of the São Francisco River to the southern region dichrous (Peters, 1863) (vulnerable); Erythrolamprus of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, with a considerable reginae (Linnaeus, 1758) (vulnerable); Lachesis muta number of animal and plant species occurring only in (Linnaeus, 1766) (vulnerable); Rodriguesophis iglesiasi this short and extremely fragmented and threatened (Gomes, 1915) (endangered); Siphlophis compressus forest stretch (Tabarelli and Santos, 2004). (Daudin, 1803) (vulnerable); and Xenopholis scalaris Five snake species threatened with extinction at (Wucherer, 1861) (vulnerable). the national level occur in the CEP: Amerotyphlops The genus Echinanthera comprises six species amoipira (Rodrigues and Juncá, 2002), Atractus caete known to occur in the Atlantic rainforests of Brazil Passos, Fernandes, Bérnils and Moura-Leite, 2010, (Di-Bernardo, 1992; Myers and Cadle, 1994; Costa and Bothrops muriciensis Ferrarezzi and Freire, 2001 and Bérnils, 2018). -
Supplemental Material Conservation Status of the Herpetofauna
Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 8(2) [Special Section]: 1–18; S1–S24 (e87). Supplemental Material Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia 1Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta, Andrés Felipe Jaramillo-Martínez, Andrea Echeverry-Bocanegra, Ron- ald Viáfara-Vega, Oscar Hernández-Córdoba, Victoria E. Cardona-Botero, Jaime Gutiérrez-Zúñiga, and Fernando Castro-Herrera Universidad del Valle, Grupo Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Cali, COLOMBIA Citation: Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez- Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8(2) [Special Section]: 1–18; S1–S24 (e87). Copyright: © 2014 Valencia-Zuleta et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCom- mercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use for non-commercial and education purposes only, in any medium, provided the original author and the official and authorized publication sources are recognized and properly credited. The official and authorized publication credit sources, which will be duly enforced, are as follows: official journal title Amphibian & Reptile Conservation; official journal website <amphibian-reptile-conservation.org>. Received: 12 March 2014; Accepted: 24 November 2014; Published: 19 December 2014 Table 1. Taxonomic list of amphibians and reptile of the department of Valle del Cauca (Cardona-B. et al. 2014). Actualization of threat categories based on: IUCN (red list), Red Book of Amphibians (Rueda et al. -
FOOD HABITS of the LIZARD Ameiva Ameiva (LINNAEUS, 1758) (SAURIA: TEIIDAE) in a TROPOPHIC FOREST of SUCRE STATE, VENEZUELA
Acta Biol. Venez.Vol. 28 (2): 53-59. Junio-Diciembre, 2008 FOOD HABITS OF THE LIZARD Ameiva ameiva (LINNAEUS, 1758) (SAURIA: TEIIDAE) IN A TROPOPHIC FOREST OF SUCRE STATE, VENEZUELA. HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS DEL LAGARTO Ameiva ameiva (LINNAEUS, 1758) (SAURIA: TEIIDAE) EN UN BOSQUE TROPÓFILO DEL ESTADO SUCRE, VENEZUELA. Luis Alejandro González S. 1-2, Jenniffer Velásquez2, Hernán Ferrer3, James García1, Francia Cala1 and José Peñuela1 1- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Ecología Animal, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela. ([email protected]); 2. Posgrado de Zoología, Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela ([email protected]); 3. Gerencia de Investigación y Desarrollo, Jardín Botánico de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela ([email protected]). ABSTRACT Food habits among sexes of Ameiva ameiva were evaluated by the frequency of occurrence, trophic dominance, and diet similarity methods during periods of rain and drought in a tropophic forest in La Llanada Vieja, Sucre State, Venezuela. 431 prey items were identified in 20 stomachs analyzed. Diet for both periods showed a high frequency for Coleoptera, plant material, Isoptera, Nematoda, Araneae, and reptilian rests. Males and females showed differences in diet during the climatic periods analyzed. Females showed higher stomach volumes values than males. Results suggest the species is mainly insectivorous. RESUMEN Se evaluaron los hábitos alimentarios de Ameiva ameiva, mediante el método de frecuencia de aparición, dominancia trófica y similitud de la dieta entre sexos, abarcando los periodos de lluvia y sequía. La captura se realizó en un bosque tropófilo de los alrededores de la Llanada Vieja, estado Sucre, Venezuela. -
Bibliography and Scientific Name Index to Amphibians
lb BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SCIENTIFIC NAME INDEX TO AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON BULLETIN 1-8, 1918-1988 AND PROCEEDINGS 1-100, 1882-1987 fi pp ERNEST A. LINER Houma, Louisiana SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 92 1992 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. INTRODUCTION The present alphabetical listing by author (s) covers all papers bearing on herpetology that have appeared in Volume 1-100, 1882-1987, of the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington and the four numbers of the Bulletin series concerning reference to amphibians and reptiles. From Volume 1 through 82 (in part) , the articles were issued as separates with only the volume number, page numbers and year printed on each. Articles in Volume 82 (in part) through 89 were issued with volume number, article number, page numbers and year. -
Refinería De Cartagena S.A.S Consultoría Para La Elaboración De Los Estudios Ambientales Y Modificaciones a La Licencia Ambie
REFINERÍA DE CARTAGENA S.A.S CONSULTORÍA PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES Y MODIFICACIONES A LA LICENCIA AMBIENTAL DE REFINERÍA DE CARTAGENA S.A.S. (1736) CONTRATO 966568 CAPÍTULO 3 CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DE PROYECTO CAPÍTULO 3.3.1.2 ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES FAUNA VERSIÓN 0 Bogotá D.C., noviembre de 2019 ÍNDICE DE MODIFICACIONES Índice de Sección Modificada Fecha Observaciones Revisión Modificación 0 Versión final Documento en Ajuste en conjunto con C 11-2019 general pares B Sin cambios 11-2019 Sin cambios A Sin cambios 10-2019 Sin cambios REVISIÓN Y APROBACIÓN Número de revisión 0 Responsable por elaboración Nombre Janeth del Pilar Bahamón C Firma Responsable por revisión Nombre Katherine Martínez Coordinador Proyecto Firma Responsable por aprobación Nombre Mónica Pescador Gerente de Proyecto Firma Fecha noviembre de 2019 Estudio de impacto ambiental para la modificación a la licencia ambiental de Refinería de Cartagena S.A.S Capítulo 3.3.2 Ecosistemas Terrestres ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL PARA LA MODIFICACIÓN A LA LICENCIA AMBIENTAL DE REFINERÍA DE CARTAGENA S.A.S CAPÍTULO 3 CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DEL PROYECTO CAPÍTULO 3.3.1.2 ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES FAUNA TABLA DE CONTENIDO Pág. 3. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DE PROYECTO ......................... 7 3.3 MEDIO BIÓTICO .................................................................................................... 7 3.3.2 Ecosistemas terrestres .................................................................................... 7 3.3.2.2 Fauna ....................................................................................................... 7 Estudio de impacto ambiental para la modificación a la licencia ambiental de Refinería de Cartagena S.A.S Capítulo 3.3.2 Ecosistemas Terrestres ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL PARA LA MODIFICACIÓN A LA LICENCIA AMBIENTAL DE REFINERÍA DE CARTAGENA S.A.S CAPÍTULO 3 CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DEL PROYECTO CAPÍTULO 3.3.1.2 ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES FAUNA ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Pág. -
United States National Museum
^ mnj .^^ '^. ->, ^^ 4"% 1 .v^ .6^ "o <v ^ - .i^ -V^ % <^ ^ mm -^ <" ^ \ 'f V m J^ <^^ <^y m^\. ^^ -VyL .^^ '\. %. ^<2. o^ ^. %, \ ./ a \^^^ \^m^^ ,»:.^^ \^^ \^;^ i" ^>- V^ ./ '^^u ^ .1 ^^eparimcnf of ihc inferior: U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3/ Serial Number 42 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, No. 33 PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. ^Ofl^ Mi;s^i^ WASHINGTON-: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1887, ADVERTISEMENT. This work (Bulletin No. 32) is the forty-second of a series of papers intended to illustrate the collections of natural history and ethnology belonging to the United States, and constituting the National Museum, of which the Smithsonian Institution was placed in charge by the act of Congress of August 10, 1846. It has been prepared at the request of the Institution, and printed by authority of the honorable Secretary of the Interior. The publications of the National Museum consist of two series—the Bulletins, of which this is No. 32, in continuous series, and the Proceed- ings, of which the ninth volume is now in press. The volumes of Proceedings are printed, signature by signature, each issue having its own date, and a small edition of each signature is dis- tributed to libraries promptly after its publication. Prom time to time the publications of the Museum which have been issued separately are combined together and issued as volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections. These are struck off from the stereotype plates from which the first edition was printed, and in this form are distributed by the Smithsonian Institution to libraries and scientific societies throughout the world. -
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica. -
Hylidae, Anura) and Description of Ocellated Treefrog Itapotihyla Langsdorffii Vocalizations
Current knowledge on bioacoustics of the subfamily Lophyohylinae (Hylidae, Anura) and description of Ocellated treefrog Itapotihyla langsdorffii vocalizations Lucas Rodriguez Forti1, Roseli Maria Foratto1, Rafael Márquez2, Vânia Rosa Pereira3 and Luís Felipe Toledo1 1 Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioacústica (LMBio) e Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Fonoteca Zoológica, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain 3 Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura (CEPAGRI), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil ABSTRACT Background. Anuran vocalizations, such as advertisement and release calls, are informative for taxonomy because species recognition can be based on those signals. Thus, a proper acoustic description of the calls may support taxonomic decisions and may contribute to knowledge about amphibian phylogeny. Methods. Here we present a perspective on advertisement call descriptions of the frog subfamily Lophyohylinae, through a literature review and a spatial analysis presenting bioacoustic coldspots (sites with high diversity of species lacking advertisement call descriptions) for this taxonomic group. Additionally, we describe the advertisement and release calls of the still poorly known treefrog, Itapotihyla langsdorffii. We analyzed recordings of six males using the software Raven Pro 1.4 and calculated the coefficient Submitted 24 February 2018 of variation for classifying static and dynamic acoustic properties. Accepted 30 April 2018 Results and Discussion. We found that more than half of the species within the Published 31 May 2018 subfamily do not have their vocalizations described yet. Most of these species are Corresponding author distributed in the western and northern Amazon, where recording sampling effort Lucas Rodriguez Forti, should be strengthened in order to fill these gaps. -
Systematics of Spinybacked Treefrogs (Hylidae
Zoologica Scripta Systematics of spiny-backed treefrogs (Hylidae: Osteocephalus): an Amazonian puzzle JULIAN FAIVOVICH,JOSE M. PADIAL,SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO-FISHER,MARIANA M. LYRA,BIANCA V. M. BERNECK,CELIO F. B. HADDAD,PATRICIA P. IGLESIAS,PHILIPPE J. R. KOK,ROSS D. MACCULLOCH, MIGUEL T. RODRIGUES,VANESSA K. VERDADE,CLAUDIA P. TORRES GASTELLO,JUAN CARLOS CHAPARRO,PAULA H. VALDUJO,STEFFEN REICHLE,JIRI MORAVEC,VACLAV GVOZDIK,GIUSSEPE GAGLIARDI-URRUTIA,RAFFAEL ERNST,IGNACIO DELARIVA,DONALD BRUCE MEANS, ~ ALBERTINA P. LIMA,J.CELSA SENARIS &WARD C. WHEELER Submitted: 17 September 2012 Jungfer, K.-H., Faivovich, J., Padial, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Lyra, M.L., Berneck, Accepted: 5 April 2013 B.V.M., Iglesias, P.P., Kok, P. J. R., MacCulloch, R. D., Rodrigues, M. T., Verdade, doi:10.1111/zsc.12015 V. K., Torres Gastello, C. P., Chaparro, J. C., Valdujo, P. H., Reichle, S., Moravec, J., Gvozdık, V., Gagliardi-Urrutia, G., Ernst, R., De la Riva, I., Means, D. B., Lima, A. P., Senaris,~ J. C., Wheeler, W. C., Haddad, C. F. B. (2013). Systematics of spiny-backed treefrogs (Hylidae: Osteocephalus): an Amazonian puzzle. —Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000–000. Spiny-backed tree frogs of the genus Osteocephalus are conspicuous components of the tropi- cal wet forests of the Amazon and the Guiana Shield. Here, we revise the phylogenetic rela- tionships of Osteocephalus and its sister group Tepuihyla, using up to 6134 bp of DNA sequences of nine mitochondrial and one nuclear gene for 338 specimens from eight coun- tries and 218 localities, representing 89% of the 28 currently recognized nominal species. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal (i) the paraphyly of Osteocephalus with respect to Tepuihyla, (ii) the placement of ‘Hyla’ warreni as sister to Tepuihyla, (iii) the non-monophyly of several currently recognized species within Osteocephalus and (iv) the presence of low (<1%) and overlapping genetic distances among phenotypically well-characterized nominal species (e.g.