Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 46089-01 December 2014

People’s Republic of China: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province (Financed by the ADB’s Technical Assistance Special Fund and Cofinanced by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund under the Water Financing Partnership Facility)

Prepared by

AECOM Asia Co., Ltd.

Hong Kong, PRC

For Yunnan Environment Protection Department (Executing Agency)

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

December 2014 TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province – Project Implementation (46089- 001) (Co-financed by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund under the Water Financing Partnership Facility) Final Report

Prepared for Asian Development Bank

Prepared by AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. 22/F Grand Central Plaza, Tower 2, 138 Shatin Rural Committee Road, Shatin, Hong Kong T +852 3922 9000 F +852 2891 0305 www.aecom.com

December 2014

© AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. 2014 The information contained in this document produced by AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. undertakes no duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of AECOM Asia Co. Ltd.

December 2014 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 6 A. Introduction ...... 6 B. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within the BSAP ...... 7 C. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Products ...... 8 D. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened ...... 9 E. Conclusions ...... 10 II. INTRODUCTION ...... 12 A. Background ...... 12 B. Objectives of the Project...... 13 C. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within the BSAP ...... 13 D. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Product ...... 14 E. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened ...... 14 F. Purpose of the Final Report ...... 15 G. Structure of the Final Report...... 15 III. PROJECT FRAMEWORK...... 16 A. Overall Project Framework ...... 16 B. Logistics and Administration ...... 16 C. Meetings, Consultations and Media Awareness ...... 16 IV. METHODOLGY AND OUTPUTS ...... 22 A. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed Within the BSAP ...... 22 B. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan for the Yunnan BSAP ...... 25 C. Output 2: Knowledge Products ...... 28 D. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened ...... 35 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 50 A. Project Benefits and Risks ...... 50 B. Limitations and Recommended Next Steps ...... 51 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 – SUMMARY OF PUBLISHED YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

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APPENDIX 2 – DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK APPENDIX 3 – LOGISTICS AND ADMINISTRATION APPENDIX 4 – MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS APPENDIX 5 – CONSULTATIONS APPENDIX 6.1 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (English Version) APPENDIX 6.2 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (Chinese Version) APPENDIX 7.1 – OUTPUT 2: SAMPLE BASELINE ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE PREPARED FOR XISHUANGBANNA SUB-PRIORITY REGION APPENDIX 7.2 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP (English Version) APPENDIX 7.3 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP (Chinese Version) APPENDIX 8.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (English Version) APPENDIX 8.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (Chinese Summary) APPENDIX 9.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (English Version) APPENDIX 9.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (Chinese Version) APPENDIX 10 – OUTPUT 3: GOVERNMENT CAPACITY IN CONSERVATION PLANNING STRENGTHENED: SUPPORTING MATERIAL

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 – Summary of Issues Addressed by the TA Table 2 – Categories of Data Assessed for Selection of Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions Table 3 – Indices Adopted for Ranking of Wetland Sub-Priority Regions Table 4 – Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions Comprehensive Ranking Table 5 – Data and Ranking of Wetland Sub-Priority Regions Table 6 – Biodiversity-Related Brochures Published in Yunnan Table 7 – Brochure Distribution Plan Table 8 – Overview of the Training Program Table 9 – Detail Arrangement for Class 3 of Training Program Table 10 – Participants for Class 1-3 Table 11 – Summary and Evaluation of Party School Training Table 12 – Summary and Evaluation of Leader of County EPBs Training Table 13 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 1) Table 14 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 2) Table 15 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 1) Table 16 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 2) Table 17 – Project Benefits Table 18 – Risk and Mitigation Measures Table 19 – Project Limitations Table 20 – Recommended Next Steps after the TA

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1– Project Framework Figure 2 – Management Structure of the TA Figure 3 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Yunnan Daily 20 November 2013 Figure 4 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Jin Ri Yunnan Daily 27 November 2013 Figure 5 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from China Ecology News 4 December 2013 Figure 6 – The 18 Sub-priority Regions. Figure 7 – Photographs from Training Events, October 2014 Figure 8 – Participants Training Feedback Summary

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AECOM AECOM Asia Company Limited BCLO Biodiversity Conservation Liaison Office BSAP Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan CEP Core Environment Program CMIP Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project CSO Civil Society Organization EA Executing Agency EPB Environmental Protection Bureau ESM Earth System Models FFI Flora and Fauna International GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographic Information System GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan PRC People’s Republic of China RCP Resource Conservation Pathways TA Technical Assistance TNC The Nature Conservancy WWF World-Wide Fund for Nature YBSAP Yunnan Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan YEPD Yunnan Environment Protection Department YPG Yunnan Provincial Government

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Introduction 1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is supporting biodiversity conservation in Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC) through the granting of ‘Technical Assistance’ (TA): TA- 8269(PRC) – Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province. The expected impact of the TA is improved management of natural resources, particularly biodiversity, in Yunnan Province. The expected outcome is an established provincial framework for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan Province. The Executing Agency (EA) is the Yunnan Environmental Protection Department (YEPD). The TA was of 16 months duration (September 2013-December 2014). The TA became effective on 8 January 2013. AECOM Asia Company Limited (AECOM) were appointed to assist the EA to implement the TA. The contract between ADB and AECOM was signed on 12 September 2013.

2. Yunnan Province is a recognized global biodiversity hotspot, and is the most species-rich province in the PRC. It supports over 18,000 higher plant species, 900 bird species and 620 fish species, occurring across habitats ranging from tropical lowland forests to high-altitude alpine meadows. These biodiversity resources are threatened by various human activities, including habitat loss/fragmentation from urban, infrastructure and agricultural development, unsustainable hunting/collection of species, water and air quality deterioration, and increased disturbance from poorly planned tourism development. Until recently, the impacts of climate change on Yunnan’s biodiversity resources have received limited attention from the academic community and Yunnan Provincial Government (YPG). Given the extreme climatic variation of the Province, it is likely climate change will have significant impacts on Yunnan’s biodiversity in the medium to long term.

3. Biodiversity conservation in the PRC is conducted under the framework of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), 2011–2030. Released in 2011, the NBSAP sets targets for national conservation and commits provinces to prepare provincial BSAPs. In 2011, the EA commissioned the preparation of a provincial biodiversity strategy, 2012–2030. The Yunnan Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (YBSAP) was approved by the YPG in June 2013.

4. The YBSAP is a high level, strategic document that provides a framework for biodiversity conservation in the province over the next 20 years. The document comprises a summary of key biodiversity features of Yunnan, existing conservation efforts, and a threat analysis. It also identifies six priority areas for conservation planning (which are further divided into 18 sub- priority regions), several priority plant and animal species for conservation planning, and 35 priority projects to enhance biodiversity conservation and planning.

5. Reviews of the YBSAP by the EA, national experts, and Civil Society Organizations (CSO) raised concerns about (i) the lack of a rigorous technical approach to identify and rank conservation priorities for species and sites, (ii) the need to revise and strengthen the strategy, and (iii) the need for a 5-Year Action Plan to begin implementing the strategy under the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, 2016–2020. The YPG concluded that preparing an effective Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan requires the application of international good practices in conservation planning and additional funding.

6. In this context, the TA was designed to enhance biodiversity planning in Yunnan, particularly relating to the implementation of the YBSAP. ADB, the EA and other stakeholders identified the

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following key areas for improvement: (i) reviewing and strengthening the analysis of priority species, habitats and areas in the YBSAP; (ii) facilitating the implementation of biodiversity conservation planning; (iii) enhancing knowledge of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, and how this will affect planning; (iv) training to enhance the biodiversity planning and conservation capacity of YPG staff; (v) improving the coordination of the various YPG Departments involved in biodiversity planning and conservation; and (vi) mainstreaming biodiversity planning and conservation efforts by the EA. These issues were addressed under the three outputs of the TA, as summarized in Table 1 and described in the following sections.

Table 1 – Summary of Issues Addressed by the TA Issue Output Reviewing and strengthening the analysis of Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of priority species, habitats and areas in the YBSAP. Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within the BSAP Facilitating the implementation of biodiversity Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan conservation planning. Enhancing knowledge of the impacts of climate Output 2: Knowledge Products change on biodiversity, and how this will affect planning. Training to enhance the biodiversity planning and Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation conservation capacity of YPG staff. Planning Strengthened Improving the coordination of the various YPG Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Departments involved in biodiversity planning and Planning Strengthened conservation. Mainstreaming biodiversity planning and Output 2: Knowledge Products conservation efforts by the EA.

B. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within the BSAP 7. The YBSAP identifies priority areas, habitats, species and projects across the province. However, discussion with YPG representatives as well as authors of this report indicated no systematic approach was applied for the identification and selection of these priorities. Activities under Output 1 therefore focused on a technical review of the YBSAP to identify information gaps and weaknesses, followed by ranking of species, habitats and regions for conservation priority. These priority resources were then considered under activities carried out under Output 2. The analysis focused on ranking the 18 sub-priority regions identified in the YBSAP, considering various factors including the occurrence of priority species and habitats, socio- economic/cultural heritage indicators, threats, and existing level of protection. Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to develop a composite weighted score for each sub-priority region, with these scores used as a basis for ranking sub-priority regions with regard to biodiversity conservation significance.

8. The analysis identified eight sub-priority regions that represent critical biodiversity resources in need of urgent conservation action. These areas cover 50 counties in nine prefectures, with an area of 45,400 km2 (11.52% of the total land area of Yunnan), including ten national nature reserves and 18 provincial nature reserves. Provincial priority areas and conservation priority areas identified under the NBSAP are all included in the selected regions, as are important forest and wetland ecosystems and key species listed in the NBSAP, including Yunnan Snub- nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti), Hoolock Gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), magnolias (Magnoliaceae) and the Dipterocarpaceae tree family. The

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baseline data, analysis and results of this ranking exercise were discussed and received broad support from the EA, other government departments and local biodiversity experts.

C. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Products 9. Two items were produced under Output 2: a Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Products.

Five-Year Action Plan 10. The YBSAP contains few details on actions that should be implemented to improve management of priority conservation areas or high priority species. Furthermore, no details of conservation financing, implementation and other important aspects of biodiversity conservation and management were included in the Plan. Finally, the YBSAP is not integrated with the 13th National Economic and Social Development Plan of the Province. To address these issues, a Five-Year Action Plan was developed to identify priority conservation actions for implementation in the next 5-years. The plan included a detailed assessment and identification of key issues in each sub-priority region, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of species identified under Output 1. Projects were identified to address key issues in different sub- priority regions, as well addressing broader, province-wide issues and key trans-boundary issues that synergized with the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) conservation programme. A strategy for each priority project was described, including target biodiversity values, threats, institutional arrangements, management and implementation activities, monitoring and evaluation indicators, and budgetary sources.

11. The plan went through numerous iterations to develop a document that: · Provided a systematic and logical analysis of key biodiversity issues in the eight sub-priority areas, as well as across the entire Yunnan Province, and identified key projects and actions to address these issues. · Involved extensive stakeholder engagement from government departments, academics and CSO’s, and received general broad support from these diverse groups. · Was drafted and formatted to comply with local government standards for ease of implementation.

Knowledge Products 12. Although Yunnan supports a rich biodiversity spread across numerous climatic zones, there has been little research to date on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the Province. This is reflected in the YBSAP, which provides few details on how biodiversity will be managed in response to a changing climate. To help address these gaps, a modeling study was conducted to investigate how climate change will affect Yunnan’s biodiversity. This assessment also provided a platform to produce three brochures to raise awareness across government departments and the general public of this critical issue as well as broader issues relating to biodiversity planning and management in Yunnan.

Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity 13. The analysis of this Study was based on projected bioclimatic conditions for the year 2050, which was used to predict and understand the impact of these future climate conditions on the spatial distribution of bioclimatic zones and strata, and by extension, ecosystems and biodiversity. The projections were based on four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which represent various scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions from the present until 2050.

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14. The results of this analysis showed a quick and drastic change in the spatial distribution of bioclimatic conditions throughout Yunnan Province, and predicted significant and increasing biophysical and biological perturbance for species and ecosystems in the near- to medium-term future under all climate change scenarios. Mean annual temperature averaged across Yunnan is predicted to increase from 1.6° to 2.5°C by 2050. Under RCP 8.5 (where greenhouse gas emissions will remain high until 2050), 56% of Yunnan’s Protected Area network is projected to shift to different bioclimatic zone by the year 2050, and 93% of this total Protected Area will shift to a different bioclimatic stratum.

15. The study provided a high quality analysis that clearly demonstrates the broad-scale impacts to Yunnan’s biodiversity resulting from climate change, and how climate change will impact the effectiveness of the existing provincial protected area network. The analysis was used to strengthen consideration of climate change in Yunnan’s biodiversity planning efforts, with specific projects to address these issues included in the Five-Year Action Plan. Maps produced as part of this analysis are clear and readily understandable and were a key component of the ‘Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan’ brochure. Further studies and projects were identified in the Modeling Study and have been identified as recommended additional works items in 5-Year Action Plan.

Brochures 16. Three brochures were produced, targeting two audiences, the general public and government agencies involved in natural resources management. A total of 3,000 brochures were printed and distributed to 25 different government departments, CSO’s and other stakeholders under the TA. The brochures present the following: · Brochure 1 - Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning in Yunnan – A brochure targeted at government officers to promote awareness of biodiversity conservation, the YBSAP and the Five-Year Action Plan. · Brochure 2 - Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan – A brochure targeted at government officers to promote awareness of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. · Brochure 3 - Climate Change and Changing Life – A brochure targeted at the general public to increase awareness of the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable lifestyles.

D. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened 17. Improving the capacity of YPG officials responsible for biodiversity management will enhance the ability of local agencies to implement the Five-Year Action Plan, and help incorporate the plan into departmental planning. Moreover, as biodiversity planning falls under the remit of multiple departments, improving the coordination and collaboration of these departments will also serve to enhance conservation and planning efforts.

Training 18. A programme was planned in close coordination with the EA that incorporated two types of training: (i) provincial agencies – consultations to raise awareness of the plan; (ii) prefecture and county agencies in the eight Priority Sub-Regions – training to implement the plan.

19. Training was held in October 2014. A total of 236 participants joined the training, 52 of which were female. Participants came from more than 60 counties of 16 municipalities and prefectures in Yunnan. They represent more than 20 government departments at different levels. Officials

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from counties in all eight sub-priority regions identified in the Five-Year Action Plan attended the training.

20. Questionnaires distributed to training attendees were used to gain feedback on the programme. In general, participants indicated a high level of satisfaction with the training. 63% of the Government Officials, 68% of Nature Reserve Management Staff and 82% of Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) Conservation Management Staff believed they benefited from the training. Additional comments and suggestions received included expanding and lengthening the training programme, and including additional case-study analysis and field visits as part of the training.

Mechanism for Improved Conservation Planning and Interdepartmental Participation 21. Biodiversity conservation and planning in Yunnan involves various government departments as well as research organizations, CSO’s and other stakeholders. Efforts to improve the coordination of these various organizations date back to 2008, when the ‘Advice of the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government on Strengthening Biodiversity Conservation in the Northwest of Yunnan Province’ was issued. A more comprehensive, provincial wide mechanism for improved coordination of biodiversity management, the Biodiversity Conservation Liaison Office (BCLO), was established on 2012.

22. The TA was intended to further improve biodiversity conservation management in Yunnan by introducing a new mechanism to improve coordination between key agencies. However, leadership and coordination of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts in Yunnan remained in flux throughout 2013-2014 (with the BCLO disbanded in early 2014), and were still unresolved at the end of the TA (December 2014). The implementation of an effective mechanism was therefore not possible during the TA programme due to uncertain political and administrative environment. Despite these difficulties, a clear plan for developing more effective coordination and management of biodiversity conservation and planning was included in the 5- Year Action Plan.

E. Conclusions Project Benefits 23. The TA as a whole, and particularly development of the Five-Year Action Plan, included extensive stakeholder engagement involving YPG departments, academics and CSOs. Stakeholders were involved in various workshops and experts and invited to provide written comments on drafts of the Five-Year Action Plan. This process was documented on the YEPD and GMS websites, as well as being reported in local media.

24. Overall, the TA brought multiple benefits from a regional to county/prefecture level. At a regional level, the TA helped identify critical trans-boundary conservation issues, and recommended projects and actions to address these issues in the Five-Year Action Plan. It also helped improve coordination and knowledge sharing as part of the GMS conservation programme. At a national level, the TA promoted the implementation of key action items identified in the NBSAP. At a provincial level, the TA has helped improve biodiversity conservation in Yunnan through development of an Five-Year Action Plan that will be integrated with the Thirteenth Five Year Plan. Capacity building was achieved through training programmes, and knowledge sharing of biodiversity planning and climate change issues was addressed through an extensive workshop programme and development and distribution of brochures. Finally, at the county/prefecture level, the TA has helped provide a framework for development of local BSAP, identified critical

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projects for implementation in priority counties, and improved capacity of local government officials responsible for biodiversity management.

Project Risks 25. The long term success of the TA will depend to some extent on the successful implementation of the Five-Year Action Plan. There are some risks that the plan will not be fully implemented, due to uncertainty in political and administrative coordination of biodiversity management, unstable funding sources, and a lack of strategic follow-up. These issues have been addressed as far as practicable within the framework of the TA, with detailed recommendations and plans provided in the Plan for establishment of a government body for coordination of biodiversity conservation and planning, identification of multiple funding sources for Plan implementation, and detailed monitoring and evaluation criteria provided for each proposed action to assist in strategic follow-up.

Project Limitations 26. A number of issues were identified that limited the effective implementation of the TA. These included the approval of the existing YBSAP before commencement of the TA (which limited the ability of the TA to influence overall direction of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts, or change/strengthen the existing priority projects in the YBSAP), the dissolution of the BCLO (which occurred approximately 5 months after the TA began, and which resulted in limited collaboration between the EA and other government departments involved in biodiversity management), and a general lack of data availability.

After the TA: Recommendations for Next Steps 27. To facilitate the long-term implementation of the TA, as well as further enhance biodiversity conservation and management in Yunnan, several follow-up actions were identified. These were discussed and agreed at the final workshop by ADB, the EA and TA Team. These actions include official approval of the Five-Year Action Plan, integration of this document with other YPG working plans, further promotion of the plan and knowledge product, and additional EA capacity building.

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II. INTRODUCTION A. Background 28. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is supporting biodiversity conservation in Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC) through the granting of ‘Technical Assistance’ (TA): TA- 8269(PRC) – Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province. The expected impact of the TA is improved management of natural resources, particularly biodiversity, in Yunnan Province. The expected outcome is an established provincial framework for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan Province. The Executing Agency (EA) is the Yunnan Environmental Protection Department (YEPD). The TA was of 16 months duration (September 2013-December 2014). The TA became effective on 8 January 2013. AECOM Asia Company Limited (AECOM) were appointed to assist the EA to implement the TA. The contract between ADB and AECOM was signed on 12 September 2013.

29. Biodiversity conservation in the PRC is conducted under the framework of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), 2011–2030. Released in 2011, the NBSAP sets targets for national conservation and commits provinces to prepare provincial BSAPs. Eighteen provincial BSAPs have been or are nearly completed (Chongqing, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Fujian, Heilongjiang, Tibet, Hainan, Ningxia, Hubei, Guizhou, Jilin, Shanghai, Shandong, Tianjin and Shanxi).

30. In 2011, in response to the NBSAP, the YEPD commissioned the preparation of a draft provincial biodiversity strategy, 2012–2030 by the Academy of Biodiversity Conservation Research of Southwest Forestry University. The Yunnan Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (YBSAP) was approved by the Provincial Government in June 2013. An English version summary of this document can be found in Appendix 1. The YBSAP was prepared in a short period of time and is a high level, strategic document that provides a blueprint for biodiversity conservation in the province over the next 20 years. The main items covered by the YBSAP include: • A summary of biodiversity features of Yunnan Province. • A summary of protected areas, regulations and plans relating to biodiversity protection in Yunnan. • A summary of threats to biodiversity in Yunnan (including gap analysis for: regional ecosystems, specific sites of biodiversity value, migration corridors, and species). • Recommendations for priority areas for conservation planning are identified: in total six priority areas comprising 18 sub-priority areas were identified based on the following criteria: - Areas identified by the NBSAP. - Selection based on factors like uniqueness, ecological functions, richness, rare and endangered, economic uses, and scientific values. - Several plant and animal species were indicated as priority species for conservation planning. No complete list of priority species is included in the YBSAP, and the selection criteria for these priority species were not discussed in the report. - A total of 35 priority projects were selected in the YBSAP. The selection criteria for these projects were not discussed in the report.

31. Although the YBSAP describes some of Yunnan’s priority areas and species, there is little consideration of cross-cutting links with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), poverty alleviation, tourism, community livelihoods, and climate change. Furthermore, there are few details on financing, implementation and other important aspects of biodiversity

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conservation and management. Finally, the YBSAP is not integrated with the 13th National Economic and Social Development Plan of the province.

32. Preliminary reviews of the draft by YEPD, national experts, and civil society organizations raised concerns about (i) the lack of a rigorous technical approach based on international best practice to identify and rank conservation priorities for species and sites, (ii) the need to revise and strengthen the strategy, and (iii) the need for a Five-Year Action Plan to begin implementing the strategy under the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, 2016–2020. The Yunnan provincial government concluded that preparing an effective Five-Year Action Plan requires the application of international good practices in conservation planning and additional funding.

B. Objectives of the Project 33. The TA was developed to supplement the existing YBSAP, and provide clear direction and planning for implementation. TA completion coincided with the preparation of Yunnan’s 13th plan, providing a timely opportunity for the YBSAP to facilitate the integration of biodiversity conservation into sector plans. The detail Design and Monitoring Framework can be found in Appendix 2.

34. For this TA, “biodiversity” refers only to vascular plants (those with tissues that circulate nutrients through the plant) and vertebrate fauna (birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and fish) and their habitats. Other biodiversity is beyond the TA scope. The three main outputs of the TA are summarized below.

C. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed within the BSAP Rationale 35. The YBSAP identifies priority areas, habitats, species and projects across the province. However, discussion with YPG representatives as well as authors of this report indicated that no systematic approach was applied for the identification and selection of these priorities. As a consequence, there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of the prioritization of biodiversity planning efforts listed in the YBSAP. Under Output 1 of the TA, a review of biological conservation priorities listed within the YBSAP was conducted. This review applied systematic criteria to rank areas and species of conservation priority in Yunnan, clearly identifying priorities that need to be addressed in the Five-Year Action Plan.

Activities 36. Activities under this output comprised: (i) technical review of the YBSAP to identify information gaps and weaknesses, especially the methods applied for gap analysis and identification and ranking of priority species and sites; (ii) identification of important ecological values (species, sites, habitats) not present in the YBSAP; (iii) ranking of species and sites for conservation priority; and (iv) selection of priority species and sites for inclusion in Output 2.

Products 37. A report was produced that reviewed and updated the prioritization of areas, habitats and species in Yunnan, based on a systematic ranking methodology and several rounds of consultation with local experts.

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D. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan and Knowledge Product Rationale 38. The YBSAP provides few details on financing, implementation and other important aspects of biodiversity conservation and management. Furthermore, the YBSAP is not integrated with other key provincial development plans, leading to uncertainty about how implementation will be coordinated and funded. To address these issues, a Five-Year Action Plan is required to identify priority conservation actions to be implemented over the next five years, as well as provide clear direction on financing, responsible agencies and other details to facilitate implementation of these actions. The plan should be drafted in a way that allows easy integration with the Thirteenth National Economic and Social Development Plan for Yunnan Province.

39. Although Yunnan supports a rich biodiversity spread across numerous climatic zones, there has been little research to date on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the Province. This is reflected in the YBSAP, which contains no technical assessment and limited appreciation of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity resources and conservation in Yunnan. To address these gaps, a modeling exercise was conducted to investigate how climate change will affect Yunnan’s biodiversity. This assessment also provided a platform to produce three brochures to raise awareness across government departments and the general public of this critical issue as well as broader issues relating to biodiversity planning and management in Yunnan.

Activities 40. Activities under this output comprised: · Preparation of a Five-Year Action Plan that identifies projects to improve conservation of the highest-priority species and sites for the first five years of YBSAP implementation. The plan describes a strategy for each priority project, including target biodiversity values, threats, institutional arrangements, management and implementation activities, monitoring and evaluation indicators, and budgetary sources; · A modeling study on climate change and biodiversity in Yunnan.

Products 41. A Five-Year Action Plan identifying and describing key projects for implementation under the 13th National Economic and Social Development Plan.

42. A Modeling Study Report of the predicted impacts of climate change on Yunnan’s biodiversity resources and existing protected area system.

43. A series of three brochures circulated to various government departments, CSO’s and other stakeholders to raise awareness of climate change impacts and the YBSAP.

E. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened Rationale 44. To be effective, the YBSAP and Five-Year Action Plan need to be considered and integrated with the five-year plans of other YPG Departments, including those not directly involved in biodiversity management. It is important that these departments are aware of the YBSAP, and understand the relationship between this document and their own plans.

45. Both the YEPD and Yunnan Forestry Department have important roles in biodiversity conservation. However, the knowledge and capacity of these departments are limited, and

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strengthening is required to better implement the YBSAP and 5-Year Action Plan. Areas noted by the EA that required specific attention included: · Improving the awareness of county-level decision makers and EPB staff of the YBSAP and 5-Year Action Plan to better incorporate biodiversity planning into decision making process. · Improving the capacity of the biodiversity conservation leaders from prefectures, cities and key counties. · Increasing awareness of the main protection targets and actions of YBSAP amongst nature reserve management staff (from Forestry Department), as well as improve their knowledge of biodiversity planning and management best practices.

46. In addition to raising awareness and capacity building, the TA was intended to further improve biodiversity conservation management in Yunnan under Output 3 by introducing a new mechanism to improve coordination between key agencies. However, leadership and coordination of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts in Yunnan remained in flux throughout 2013-2014, and were still unresolved at the end of the TA (December 2014). The implementation of an effective mechanism was therefore not possible during the TA programme due to uncertain political and administrative environment.

Activities 47. Activities under this Output comprised: (i) dissemination of draft Five-Year Action Plan to target agencies for their review, to raise inter-agency awareness and support for the plan; and (ii) technical training for government departments and institutes (especially those involved in the implementation of the plan) to raise awareness and build capacity.

Products 48. Four training workshops were held in October 2014 to increase biodiversity planning capacity and raise awareness amongst government departments of the YBSAP and Five-Year Action Plan. The training was held in Kunming, and targeted four audiences: provincial level leaders, county EPB directors, YEPD biodiversity conservation leaders from prefecture, city and key counties, and nature reserve management staff. A total of 236 participants joined the training, 52 of which were female. Participants came from more than 60 counties of 16 municipalities and prefectures in Yunnan province.

F. Purpose of the Final Report 49. This Final Report documents all activities conducted under the TA; deliverables prepared for Outputs 1-3; and logistic, financial and administrative issues relating to the TA.

G. Structure of the Final Report 50. The remainder of this document is structured as follows: · Project Framework – Provides details of the overall project framework, logistics, administration and meetings/consultation. · Methodology and Outputs – Details work completed under Outputs 1-3. · Conclusions – Summarizes main project benefits, risks, limitations and recommended follow-up items.

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III. PROJECT FRAMEWORK A. Overall Project Framework 51. The three project outputs form the basis of the overall project framework, as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1– Project Framework

B. Logistics and Administration 52. The overall project management structure is presented in Figure 2. At the outset of the TA, Provincial decision-making for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan was guided by the Yunnan Provincial Government through BCLO. However, this management group was disbanded in early 2014. This impacted the TA as it became more difficult to coordinate with other government departments (e.g., gaining access to required data). However, key departments of YPG (including forestry, agricultural, water and land resources) attended the inception, midterm and final workshops of TA, and all important outputs of TA were sent to these agencies for review and comment.

53. Twice monthly conference call was set up for YEPD, TA team and ADB to ensure close collaboration and monitor the progress of TA.

54. Additional EA support was provided during the TA through equipment purchase. The equipment directly contributed to the successful completion of the TA (in terms of facilitating stakeholder engagement activities, producing documentation, and promotion of the TA), and will improve the functional capacity of the EA after completion of the TA, in particular the further implementation of the Five-Year Action Plan.

55. Details of project logistical arrangements, administration, finances and equipment purchases are provided in Appendix 3.

C. Meetings, Consultations and Media Awareness 56. Biodiversity action planning is by nature a participatory process, involving numerous

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stakeholders. Under this TA, extensive stakeholder engagement was facilitated through a series workshops and expert review/consultation meetings, and other external consultations:

Workshops 57. Three workshops were held under this TA: Inception Workshop (19-21 November 2013), Mid- term Workshop (17-19 June 2014) and Final Workshop (6-8 November 2014) which were attended by a wide variety of stakeholders from government, academia and CSO. These stakeholders provided advice and feedback on the project methodology, analysis and outputs. A summary of these workshops is provided in Appendix 4.

Figure 2 – Management Structure of the TA

Additional Coordination Meetings and Expert Panel Review 58. In addition to workshops, additional coordination meetings (attended by ADB, EA and the consultant team) and expert panel reviews (attended by government officials and external biodiversity researchers) were held on 24 January, 26 February, 7 March, 16 May, 2 July, 11 August and 2 December 2014. The purpose of these meetings was to provide feedback and direction for development of the Five-Year Action Plan on proposed methodologies, and review the initial results and findings of each output. These meetings and review sessions are summarized in Appendix 5.

Other External Consultation 59. Numerous smaller-scale meetings and interviews with local experts in different fields were made during preparation of this TA to seek guidance and advice on specific technical issues. These are described below.

Fauna Biodiversity 60. Consultations with Kunming Institute of Zoology experts were made with reference to particular faunal groups/species. These included Professors Chen Xiaoyong, Yang Junxing, Pan Fu and Chen Zhiming (fish); Professor Yang Xiaojun (birds); Professor Jiang Xuelong (mammals); Professor Rao Dingqi (herpetofauna); Professor Cui Rangwei (primates) and Professor Yang

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Sijian (Asian elephants). Professor Zhang Fan, a geographic biodiversity specialist from Yunnan University was consulted on subterranean wildlife.

Flora Biodiversity 61. Professor Lu Shugang and Professor Ou Xiaokun from Yunnan University were consulted on Yunnan plant resources. Professor Yang Yuming from Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Professor Gong Xun from Kunming Institute of Botany were consulted on floral species protection.

Conservation Finance 62. Government officials were consulted to provide details of existing biodiversity projects and future plans, including Engineer Lei Wei (Natural Forest Protection Office), Deputy Director Chen Fang (Wildlife Protection Office), Deputy Director Zhong Mingchuan (Forestry Department). Professor Yang Wenzhong from Yunnan Academy of Forestry was consulted on existing restricted population species protection programme; and Professor Yang Yongping from Kunming Institute of Botany was consulted on planned research funding applications. Aside from government departments and research organizations, other parties were consulted on planned activities/funding in Yunnan: including Mr. Jerry Chen of ADB (consulted for on-going/planned activities as part of the GMS programme); Yang Fangyi from Alibaba Foundation, Director Wang Yue from TNC, Shi Xiangying from Shanshui Conservation, Li Yuanlong from Wanxiang Trust Limited Company, and Deputy Secretary-general from SEE for their potential investment plan in Yunnan.

Social Development 63. Experts consulted during Output 1 to advise on ranking criteria and weighting included Professor. Zhen Baohua (Rural Development Institute Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences), Professor Zhao Yaqiao (Yunnan Agricultural University) and Professor Cai Kui (Yunnan University). Wang Hongmei from Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Statistics was consulted to provide population and rural data. Professor Tian Kun (National Plateau Wetlands Research Center), Director Yang Fang (Wildlife Protection Office), Zhong Mingchuan (Wetland Protection Office of Yunnan Forestry Department), and Professor Yang Yuming (Yunnan Forestry Academy) provided advice on provincial level nature reserve capacity building needs. Qi Wenlong (Luosuojiang Nature Reserve in Xishuang Banna), Director Zhang (Ailaoshan Nature Reserve), and Director Yang (Lugu Lake Nature Reserve) were consulted on community involvement in biodiversity conservation.

Media Awareness 64. Workshops and expert panel meetings were showcased in a series of reports uploaded on the YEPD and GMS websites, available at the following web links: · http://www.7c.gov.cn/dwhz/dwhzgjjlhz/201311/t20131125_41429.html · http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201406/t20140620_48128.html · http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201410/t20141031_56542.html · http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201411/t20141110_56642.html · http://www.7c.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/201412/t20141204_64665.html · http://www.gms-eoc.org/events/yunnan-biodiversity-conservation-strategy-and-action-plan- training · http://www.gms-eoc.org/events/final-review-mission-on-prc-of-yunnan-biodiversity-strategy- and-action-plan

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65. Widespread local coverage of the TA resulted from journalists attending the inception workshop, with three articles about the TA published in local newspapers (Figure 3-5).

Figure 3 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Yunnan Daily 20 November 2013

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Figure 4 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from Jin Ri Yunnan Daily 27 November 2013

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Figure 5 – Local Media Coverage of the TA from China Ecology News 4 December 2013

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IV. METHODOLGY AND OUTPUTS 66. The following sections provide an overview of the objectives, methods, results and conclusions for each project output. Full details of each output are provided in Appendix 6 (Output 1 – Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed Within the BSAP), Appendix 7 (Output 2 – Five-Year Action Plan for the Yunnan BSAP), Appendix 8 (Output 2 – Knowledge Product: Impact Of Climate Change On Yunnan Biodiversity Report), Appendix 9 (Output 2 – Knowledge Product: Brochures), and Appendix 10 (Output 3 – Government Capacity In Conservation Planning Strengthened: Training Programme Supporting Material).

A. Output 1: Analysis and Technical Review of Biological Conservation Priorities Listed Within the BSAP Objectives 67. The existing YBSAP identifies 18 sub-priority regions requiring biodiversity planning and action. These areas cover a total of 95,000km2, and it is clear it would be impossible to develop a detailed plan for all regions. It was therefore agreed during the Inception Workshop that the key objective of Output 1 was to select sub-priority regions identified in the existing YBSAP that require urgent action and inclusion in the first 5-Year Action Plan.

Methods 68. A basic methodology for ranking of sub-priority regions was discussed and agreed at the inception workshop, and consisted of:

Step 1 69. Various criteria relating to the occurrence of priority species and habitats, socio- economic/cultural heritage indicators, threats, existing level of protection and other factors for each sub-priority region would be assessed. A score would be assigned to each sub-priority region for each of these characteristics.

Step 2 70. Based on the scores assigned under Step 1, Geographic Information System (GIS) software would be used to develop a composite weighted score for each sub-priority region. This score would be used as a basis for ranking and selecting the sub-priority regions.

71. This methodology was further discussed and refined at project team meetings held on 24 December 2013 and 24 January 2014. The latter meeting was attended by representatives of the EA, who were supportive of this approach and direction.

72. The ranking process provided a systematic analysis of available data to assist in the selection of sub-priority regions. The results of the ranking exercise were discussed at expert panel reviews on 7 March and 16 May 2014 to gain input and advice from biodiversity specialists in Yunnan to refine the ranking findings. These meetings were attended by representatives of the EA, who were supportive of this approach and direction.

73. Seven categories of data were examined to assess the 15 terrestrial sub-priority regions and three wetland sub-priority regions. (Table 2). A detailed description of methodologies used to assess each of these categories is provided in the following sections.

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Table 2 – Categories of Data Assessed for Selection of Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions No. Index Description Rationale for Inclusion

1 Species Species richness and Areas with high levels of species diversity and occurrence of plants and supporting more species of conservation interest vertebrate species of should be ranked higher than areas with low species conservation interest. diversity and fewer species of conservation interest. 2 Habitats Occurrence of habitats of Areas supporting larger areas of habitats of conservation interest and conservation interest should be ranked higher. ecosystem function. 3 Threats Occurrence, diversity and Areas subject to more numerous and widespread intensity of human threats of greater intensity should be ranked higher. activities threatening biodiversity resources. 4 Socio-cultural Expressed by poverty Areas are ranked more highly when they are Factors ratio, proportion of the characterized by high levels of poverty, reliance on ethnic minority primary industry/agriculture and have a large population. proportion of ethnic minorities. 5 Climate Vulnerability of Areas supporting biodiversity resources vulnerable Vulnerability biodiversity resources to to climate change are ranked more highly. climate change. 7 Conservation Investment level for Areas with low levels of investment for biodiversity Financing conservation. conservation should be ranked more highly.

74. Five index categories were selected for ranking analysis of wetland sub-priority regions, as summarized in Table 3. These indices were similar to those used to characterize terrestrial sub- priority regions.

Table 3 – Indices Adopted for Ranking of Wetland Sub-priority Regions Grade I Indices Grade II Indices National Grade I Protected Animal National Grade II Protected Animal Species Indices IUCN CR of animal IUCN EN of animal Total number of overwintering wetland avifauna supported in the area International wetland numbers National wetland park numbers Habitat Indices Provincial wetland park numbers Nature reserves numbers Tourism and Visitor Numbers Population Threat Indices Water Resources Exploitation Primary Industry Climate Indices Climate vulnerability Published paper Conservation Financing Indices Conservation investment

Results 75. The combined ranking results for terrestrial sub-priority regions are summarized in Table 4. The top five ranked regions selected for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan are (1) Honghe moist rainforest, (2) Yunling mountains warm temperate coniferous forest, (3) Xishuangbanna tropical

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rainforest, (4) Southeast Yunnan Karst southeast monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest, and (5) Tongbiguan tropical rainforest (Figure 6).

Table 4 – Terrestrial Sub-Priority Regions Comprehensive Ranking Sub-Priority Areas PV RANK 2.5 Honghe moist rainforest 1.1354 1 1.3 Yunling mountains warm temperate coniferous forest 0.9463 2 2.4 Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest 0.8922 3 3 Southeast Yunnan Karst southeast monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest 0.7450 4 2.2 Tongbiguan tropical rainforest 0.7442 5 2.3 Nandinghe tropical rainforest 0.7405 6 5.3 Ailaoshan montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest 0.6711 7 2.1 The southern Gaoligongshan montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest 0.6367 8 4.1 Wumeng montane moist broad-leaved evergreen forest 0.6153 9 4.2 Dry and hot zones in downstream of Jinsha valley 0.5518 10 5.2 Wulanshan montane evergreen broad-leaved forest 0.5268 11 1.2 Meilixueshan-Biluoxueshan cool temperate coniferous forest 0.5064 12 5.1Montane evergreen broadleaf forest zones in Lancang River Valley 0.4789 13 1.1 The northern Gaoligong Mountains cool temperate coniferous forest 0.4184 14 1.4 Shangri-La mountain cold temperate coniferous forest 0.2835 15

76. The result of the wetland sub-priority regions ranking is presented in Table 5 and Figure 6. Region 6.2 (North west of Yunnan plateau lakes zones) was ranked highest and selected for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan. The high ranking of this region was largely because of high scores for species richness, species of conservation concern, threats from tourism and overexploitation of water resources and climate vulnerability.

Table 5 – Data and Ranking of Wetland Sub-Priority Regions Indexes Region 6.1 Region 6.2 Region 6.3 Species score 1 3 2 Winter birds numbers 2 3 1 International wetland numbers 1 3 2 National wetland park numbers 3 3 2 Provincial wetland park numbers 3 2 2 Nature reserves numbers 1 3 2 Tourism press score 2 3 1 Population press score 3 1 2 Water development score 2 3 1 The primary industry score 2 3 1 Climate vulnerability score 2 3 1 Published paper score 3 2 1 Protection investment score 2 3 1 Total 27 35 19 Ranking 2 1 3

77. At the expert panel review held on 7 March 2014, there was general support for the ranking approach and methodology. However, a key issue raised was that the ranking process did not include two of the three regions in Yunnan identified as conservation priority areas under the NBSAP, as well as being of high significance for trans-boundary conservation and international river management. These two additional regions (Meilixueshan-Biluoxueshan cool temperate

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coniferous forest zones and the northern Gaoligong Mountains cool temperate coniferous forest zones) were also therefore selected for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan.

Figure 6 – The 18 Sub-priority Regions (regions selected for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan are highlighted in yellow)

Conclusions 78. The ranking report provided a robust analysis of species, habitats and areas in Yunnan that required priority action under the YBSAP. The methodology used in the analysis and results were discussed and received broad support from the EA, other government departments and local biodiversity experts.

79. The eight selected sub-priority regions represent critical biodiversity resources in need of urgent conservation action. These areas cover 50 counties in nine prefectures, with an area of 45,400 km2 (11.52% of the total land area of Yunnan), including 10 national nature reserves and 18 provincial nature reserves. The provincial priority areas and conservation priority areas identified under the NBSAP are all included in the selected regions, as are important forest and wetland ecosystems and key species including Rhinopithecus bieti, Hylobates hoolock, Elephas maximus, magnolias and Dipterocarpaceae.

B. Output 2: Five-Year Action Plan for the Yunnan BSAP Objectives 80. The objective of the Five-Year Action Plan is to identify key projects and initiatives that will enable better management and conservation of the highest-priority species and sites in Yunnan

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during the first five years of YBSAP implementation. Priority action items are described in detail, including target biodiversity values, threats, institutional arrangements, management and implementation activities, monitoring and evaluation indicators, and budgetary sources.

Methods 81. The basic methodology for developing the plan was discussed at the inception workshop, and further developed by the TA Team during a series of team meetings (24 January, 8 April, 23 April) and expert panel meetings (7 March, 16 May). These meetings were attended by representatives of the EA, who were supportive of this approach and direction. This methodology can be summarized in six steps, as described below:

Step 1 – Baseline Analysis for Eight Sub-Priority Regions 82. Building on the database developed for Output 1, a detailed review of existing data for each sub- priority region was conducted, including: · Location and Climate – Basic geographic, topographic, climatic and administrative information relating to each sub-priority region. · Biodiversity Values – Ecosystems, flora and fauna of conservation interest occurring in each sub-priority region. · Threats – Key threats to biodiversity resources (including climate change) sub-priority region. · Human Geography – Social development characteristics, ethnic minority communities and traditional natural resource management regimes in each sub-priority region. · Management Initiatives – Existing/planned biodiversity management initiatives in each sub- priority region. Including existing/planned nature reserves/protected areas, international conservation initiatives, species specific initiatives, social development/ethnic minorities’ initiatives relating to biodiversity, and financing of biodiversity conservation initiatives.

Step 2 – Review of Key issues 83. The baseline data was used to identify key biodiversity conservation issues in each sub-priority region.

Step 3 – Identify Action Items 84. A series of management objectives were formulated to address key biodiversity issues within each sub-priority region. A long list of action items (including strategic tasks, specific projects and safeguard measures) required to accomplish the management objectives was identified. Key priority action items to be included in the Five-Year Action Plan were identified.

Step 4 – Expert Panel Review 85. Academics, Government Officials and CSOs were invited in mid-term workshop to review the draft Five-Year Action Plan. The report was updated according to the comments and suggestions proposed in the mid-term workshop. A discussion meeting between the EA and Team Leader was held on 2 July 2014 to provide more comments on the structure of Five-Year Action Plan. Mr. Zhoubo (Director of International Cooperation Division of YEPD), Mr. Hujian (Director of Nature Resource Division of YEPD) and Mr. Xiafeng (Project Officer of Nature Resource Division of YEPD) from the EA participated in this meeting. A revised draft Five-Year Action Plan was submitted to the EA on 10 October 2014. This document was reviewed by the EA, and written comments provided on 24 October 2014.

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Step 5 – Individual Action Item Requirements Analysis 86. Implementation plans for each selected priority action item were developed. According to EA requirement, these plans included:

· Background · Target · Expected Result · Main Project Items and Scale · Monitoring and Evaluation Indicator · Budget Estimation and Funding Source · Lead Agency · Supporting Agencies · Time Span

Step 6 – Finalize Five-Year Action Plan 87. Versions of the draft final Five-Year Action Plan were circulated to EA, EPB for key prefectures, cities and counties, nature reserves, other related government departments, CSOs, Universities, and other academic agencies on 27 October 2014 and 3 November 2014. Comments received on this version of the Report were used to update and finalize the report. A second draft final Five-Year Action Plan was submitted to the EA for review on 21 November 2014.

Results 88. The draft Five-Year Action Plan submitted prior to the mid-term workshop (held 17-19 June 2014) was developed as per Steps 1-3 above, in accordance with overall project objectives discussed and agreed by ADB, the EA and the Consultant Team at the Inception Workshop and subsequent expert panel meetings. Major comments received during the mid-term workshop relating to this draft included: · The baseline assessment of sub-priority regions presented in the document had insufficient detail, with key issues relating to biodiversity management not clearly identified. · The rationale behind selection of priority action items needed clarification. · Suggested changes and additions to the priority action items were made. · There was insufficient detail in priority action items to facilitate implementation.

89. After the mid-term workshop, a meeting was held on 2 July 2014 between the Team Leader and the EA, where the EA provided further comments and direction on the draft Five-Year Action Plan. Two key items were discussed at this meeting: · Extensive revision of the content and structure of the draft Five-Year Action Plan was requested for consistency with typical YPG planning documents. · The EA requested a shift in focus of priority action items from projects with specific biodiversity conservation objectives (based on analysis conducted in Output 1 and Steps 1-3 of Output 2), to broader, provincial level actions that were typically related to policy and were more closely linked to original priority projects identified in the YBSAP.

90. In response to the comments summarized in paragraphs 88 and 89, the following changes were made to the draft final Five-Year Action Plan: · The International Biodiversity Conservation Planning and Vertebrate Fauna Specialist prepared a detailed, fully referenced analysis for one of the sub-priority regions (refer to Appendix 7.1) Based on this example, the TA Team updated analysis for the remaining seven sub-priority areas to facilitate identification of conservation priorities.

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· Ranking of priority species was updated based on a revised set of criteria and extensive consultation with local experts. · The content and structure of the plan was discussed in detail with the EA. After several rounds of consultation, an updated Table of Contents was finalized with the EA on 5 September 2014. · All priority action items were changed based on EA’s requested shift in focus to province wide, larger scale projects. · Further assessment of action items costing and potential funding sources was made by the Conservation Finance Specialist. These findings were summarized in a standalone report included as an Appendix to the Five-Year Action Plan.

91. This draft-final Five-Year Action Plan was presented at the Final Workshop (6-9 November, 2014). There was general consensus that the document was much improved from the first draft, and that it provided a valuable platform for better implementation of the YBSAP and improvement of biodiversity planning and management for priority resources. A number of additional comments and suggestions from stakeholders were received at this workshop, and were used to prepare a second draft final Five-Year Action Plan (submitted to the EA for review on 21 November 2014). A final expert panel review was held on 2 December 2014. Comments received at this review were used to prepare the final plan, which was submitted on 5 December 2014.

92. The final Five-Year Action Plan provides a detailed assessment of conservation issues in each of the eight selected sub-priority regions. It also assesses 348 flora and 241 fauna species, as well as 36 ecosystems for conservation priority. Eight strategic tasks and 27 high priority projects are identified to improve management and protection of identified high priority resources.

Conclusions 93. The Five-Year Action Plan went through numerous iterations to develop a document that: · Provided a systematic and logical analysis of key biodiversity issues in the eight sub-priority areas, as well as across the entire Yunnan Province, and identified key projects and actions to address these issues. · Involved extensive stakeholder engagement from government departments, academics and CSO’s, and received general broad support from these diverse groups. · Was drafted and formatted to comply with local government standards for ease of implementation.

C. Output 2: Knowledge Products Objectives 94. The content of Knowledge Product was discussed at the inception and mid-term workshops. It was agreed the Knowledge Product would need to have value for (i) practical application for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan, (ii) as a demonstration project for the PRC and nations in the GMS, and (iii) the opportunity to promote public awareness of climate change. It was agreed the knowledge product would comprise two main components, as described below.

Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity 95. The YBSAP contains no technical assessment and limited appreciation of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity resources and conservation in Yunnan. An assessment of the impacts of climate change on Yunnan’s biodiversity would help address this gap in the YBSAP. The Study

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includes the results of modeling to assess the impacts of climate change on Yunnan’s biodiversity and protected area system.

Brochures 96. Three brochures were prepared and printed in Chinese and English language. The objectives of producing and distributing these brochures comprised: · Raise awareness of climate change biodiversity impacts in Yunnan amongst YPG. · Promote the YBSAP and 5-year Action Plan in Yunnan amongst YPG. · Inform the general public of the impacts of climate change and actions that can be taken to address these impacts.

Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity Methods 97. The analysis of this Study was based on projected bioclimatic conditions for the year 2050, which was used to predict and understand the impact of these projected future climate conditions on the spatial distribution of bioclimatic zones and strata, and by extension, ecosystems and biodiversity. The methodology was divided into six steps, as described in the following sections.

Step 1 – Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation 98. An analysis, using a multi-model downscaled ensemble (n=63) of CIMP5 Earth System Models (ESM) applied across four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), was used to assess climate change and its impact on temperature and growing conditions by the year 2050 within the YBSAP priority areas.

Step 2 – Projected Changes in Potential Evapo-transpiration and Aridity Index 99. For each priority area, an overview of the expected change in mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean annual Potential Evapo-Transpiration (PET) and mean annual Aridity Index (AI) was calculated.

Step 3 – Year of Climate Departure 100. The time frame in which climates will reach unprecedented states may strongly determine the magnitude of disruption in ecosystems and the ability of species to adapt and avoid extinction. Data provided by Mora et al. (2013) was used to give an indication of the projected timing of climate departure across Yunnan.

Step 4 – Environmental Stratification and Delineation of Bioclimatic Zones and Strata 101. The Global Environmental Stratification classification (GEnS: Metzger et al., 2013) was used as a basis for the analysis. Using a statistical clustering of significant climate variables, the GEnS provides a global stratification that can: a) quantitatively relate the spatial distribution of ecosystems to an identified set of bioclimatic parameters, b) provide a consistent methodology across landscapes and countries that have so far mostly been studied using different protocols, approaches and taxonomies, and c) allow for a statistical modeling of bioclimatic zonal shifts that can be used to estimate the direction and magnitude of impacts on ecosystems due to climatic changes. The geospatial analysis and environmental stratification was performed in ArcGIS 10.2 (ESRI 2013) using the various global datasets along with national and local secondary datasets and information collected on land use and biodiversity, and a remote sensing based land use change analysis.

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Step 5 – Modeling of Projected Future Bioclimatic Conditions 102. Four bioclimatic variables were used as the input to the ISODATA clustering routine in ArcGIS to classify the GEnS environmental strata. Projected impacts were modeled by reconstructing the stratification based upon future climate conditions, as modeled by an ensemble of 19 Earth System Models (ESM) provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project – Phase 5. The statistical signature profiles of the strata were reconstructed for Yunnan, based upon a multivariate analysis (maximum likelihood classification) of bioclimatic variables. These signature profiles were then used to project the future spatial distribution of the GEnS strata based upon the CIMP5 modeled future climate conditions in 2050. Four emission RCP scenarios were analyzed using the CIMP5 model predictions for the year 2050.

Step 6 – Conclusions and Recommendations 103. Based on the analysis conducted from stages 1-5, a series of general recommendations to address climate change impacts to biodiversity impacts were provided.

Results 104. A draft of the technical report was submitted on 17 April 2104. Comments on this draft were received from ADB on 23 May 2014. An updated draft was prepared and submitted on 6 June 2014, and the final document prepared on 27 June 2014. A Chinese summary of technical report was provided to EA for easier understanding of TA’s research. The whole report as well as the Chinese summary was uploaded to the EA website. The results of this report are summarized in the following sections.

105. Overall, the results of this analysis show a quick and drastic change in the spatial distribution of bioclimatic conditions throughout Yunnan Province, and predict significant and increasing biophysical and biological perturbance for species and ecosystems in the near- to medium-term future under all scenarios. The climate is likely to accelerate current rapid warming trends, on average becoming generally hotter across all of Yunnan under all RCP emission scenarios. Mean annual temperature averaged across Yunnan is predicted to increase from 1.6° to 2.5°C, by 2050.

106. Yunnan Province appears to be one of the faster warming regions within the PRC and the greater East Asian region. Within Yunnan Province, the western and northwestern regions seem to have the most rapid projected rates of warming. Of the 16 prefectures within Yunnan Province, Nujiang, Dali, and Baoshan are warming most rapidly.

107. There are substantial changes in both the areal extent and the average elevation of the bioclimatic zones, as projected for 2050. All zones exhibit an upward shift in average elevation, ranging from 284 m to 414 m. There is a large expansion in the extent of the hotter zones: Extremely Hot and Moist, the Hot and Mesic, and the Extremely Hot and Mesic.

108. Tropical forests may see an expansion of their range, however, these areas may then also become susceptible to further risk of clearing for plantation development as they become optimal zones for expansion of rubber production. For example, the optimal area for rubber production shifts upwards in mean elevation by more than 300m by 2050, expanding to cover 75% of Xishuangbanna.

109. There is a drastic decrease in the Warm Temperate and Mesic zone, and the highest and colder zones, signaling a potential threat for species and ecosystems adapted to these mid- and high- elevation zones. Temperate forests and high levels of biodiversity found in sub-alpine and alpine

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zones at higher elevations appear to be at high risk, as several strata associated with these ecotypes diminish substantially.

Sub-priority Regions 110. For all of the BSAP sub-priority regions, there are substantial changes in both the areal extent and the average elevation of the bioclimatic zones, as predicted for 2050, with all bioclimatic zones exhibiting an upward shift in average elevation, ranging from 195 m to over 400 m, with an average for all zones under RCP 8.5 of 356 m.

111. The percent of the total area of each of the sub-priority region that shifts to another major bioclimatic zone ranges from 23% to over 80 % under the RCP 8.5 scenario. Likewise, the range of percent shift for strata is from 83 to 100%.

Protected Area Network 112. There are over 23,000km2 of protected areas in Yunnan, including National and Provincial Nature Reserves. On the whole, 56% of all the protected area is projected to shift to different bioclimatic zone by the year 2050, and 93% of this area will shift to a different bioclimatic stratum (under RCP 8.5).

113. The single largest bioclimatic zone occurring in protected areas is the Warm Temperate and Mesic, followed by the Hot and Mesic. There is a very substantial increase in the area of the two warmest bioclimatic zones. There is a drastic decrease in the two coldest bioclimatic zones indicating that species found in these colder zones may easily find this set of bioclimatic conditions within Yunnan by 2050. The upward shift of the average elevation of these bioclimatic zones (i.e. under RCP 8.5) ranges from 249m, to over 500m. The average upward shift for all bioclimatic zones is 379m within all protected areas.

114. There is a reduction of area for the coldest strata, and significant shifting of strata within all zones. The average mean elevation of the bioclimatic strata (within all of the protected area in Yunnan) is projected to shift 403m by 2050 (i.e. under RCP 8.5).

115. Yunling Mountain has the highest diversity of habitats within a protected area, i.e., seven zones, although several are small in area, and one new zone appears by 2050. The average upwards shifts for the mean elevation of the bioclimatic zones within protected area within YBSAP priority areas is 342m.

Brochures

Methods 116. Preparation, production and distribution of the brochures were developed in six stages, as described below.

Step 1 – Stakeholder Engagement 117. The brochures were discussed at the inception and mid-term workshops with various stakeholders to gain feedback and opinion on the content, format and target audience.

Step 2 – Review of Existing Brochures 118. Recently produced brochures in Yunnan dealing with biodiversity conservation and planning (as well as climate change) were reviewed, as described in Table 6.

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Table 6 – Biodiversity-Related Brochures Published in Yunnan Agency Brochure Topic Biodiversity Climate Change and Ethnic Others Conservation Biodiversity Communities Introduction Conservation and Biodiversity YEPD For Xishuang - - - Banna only WWF - Technical report for - Wetland Biodiversity, experts Catchment Management, Project in Baima Snow Mountain FFI General - For Gaoligong - Introduction Mountain area TNC - National level (climate - TNC introduction change analysis for 32 priority areas in China).

Step 3 – Brochure Preparation 119. Based on the results of Steps 1 and 2 and also feedback from the EA, three brochures were identified for production under the TA: · Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning in Yunnan – A brochure targeting government officers to promote awareness of biodiversity conservation, the YBSAP and the 5-year Action Plan. · Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan – A brochure targeting government officers to promote awareness of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. · Climate Change and Changing Life – A brochure targeting the general public to increase awareness of the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable lifestyles.

120. Draft brochure content was prepared in English were submitted to ADB and YEPD for review on 19 August 2014. Comments from ADB were received on 20 August 2014. Updated content was submitted on 16 September 2014, and minor comments received from ADB on 26 September 2014. The EA requested that Chinese versions of the brochures were prepared on 11 October 2014. Translated versions of the brochure content were distributed on 17 October 2014. Comments on these contents from the EA were provided on 28 and 31 October 2014. Final comments on the brochure content were received from the EA on 12 November 2014.

Step 4 – Distribution Planning 121. A distribution plan for brochures was developed with the EA and finalized on 28 November 2014 (Table 7). The target audiences comprise government departments, CSOs, Environmental Protection Bureau of prefectures, cities and key counties, and the general public. Distribution of the ‘Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning in Yunnan’ Brochure focused on government departments that will be involved in or affected by biodiversity conservation planning initiatives. A better understanding of BSAP can help them deal with biodiversity issues during their daily work. The ‘Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan’ Brochure is tailored toward biodiversity conservation decision-makers with an existing basic climate change knowledge. Distribution is therefore focused on Forestry Department, YEPD, Chinese Academy Institute, NGOs, universities, and Local EPB. The ‘Climate Change and Changing Life’ Brochure is intended for the general population who have little or no knowledge of climate change. It will be circulated to

December 2014 32 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

the public by through YEPD, Forestry Department, Local EPB, and NGOs during environment protection events.

Table 7 – Brochure Distribution Plan Chinese version English Version

Biodiversity Climate Biodiversity Climate Biodiversity Biodiversity Agency Strategy Change Strategy Change and Climate and Climate and Action and and Action and Change in Change in Planning in Changing Planning in Changing Yunnan Yunnan Yunnan Life Yunnan Life Forestry 20 20 20 Department YEPD/AECOM 30 30 30 50 50 50 Agriculture 10 10 10 Department Water Resources 10 10 10 Department Finance 10 10 10 Department Development and Reform 10 10 10 Commission Industry and Information 10 10 10 Technology Commission Housing and Construction 10 10 10 Department Education 10 10 10 Department Science and Technology 10 10 10 Department Tourism Development 10 10 10 Committee Land Resource 10 10 10 Department Academy of Science Institute of 10 10 10 Kunming Poverty Relief 10 10 10 Office EPBs of prefectures, cities 680 680 680 and key counties (40 copies each) WWF 20 20 20 10 10 10 Yunnan Biodiversity 20 20 20 10 10 10 Protection

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Chinese version English Version

Biodiversity Climate Biodiversity Climate Biodiversity Biodiversity Agency Strategy Change Strategy Change and Climate and Climate and Action and and Action and Change in Change in Planning in Changing Planning in Changing Yunnan Yunnan Yunnan Life Yunnan Life Foundation TNC 20 20 20 10 10 10 FFI 20 20 20 10 10 10 Oxfam 20 20 20 10 10 10 Yunnan University 10 10 10 Yunnan Academy 10 10 10 of Forestry Southwest Forest 10 10 10 University Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 10 10 Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 10 10 Institute of Botany Total 1000 1000 1000 100 100 100

Step 5 – Design and Printing 122. Three design and printing companies were asked to prepare quotations for design and printing of brochures. The selected firm (Jijia Design Co. Ltd.), was engaged to update layout/design and print the brochures on 10 December 2014. The brochures were printed and delivered to the EA on 20 December 2014.

Step 6 – Distribution 123. Brochures were distributed by the EA on 20 December 2014 by post. Soft-copies of all three brochures were uploaded to the EA and GMS’s websites to provide another avenue of distribution and also allow CSOs/other institutes to print further copies for their activities as needed. Remaining brochures retained by the EA will be made available to attendees at events hosted by YEPD after the TA, including Earth Day (22 April 2015) and Environmental Protection Day (5 June 2015).

Conclusions

Modeling Study on Climate Change and Biodiversity 124. The Modeling Study provided a high quality analysis that clearly demonstrates the broad-scale impacts to Yunnan’s biodiversity resulting from climate change, and how climate change will impact the effectiveness of the existing provincial protected area network. The analysis was used to strengthen consideration of climate change in Yunnan’s biodiversity planning efforts, with specific projects to address climate change included in the Five-year Action Plan. Maps produced as part of this analysis are clear and readily understandable, even by non-experts, and were a key component of the ‘Biodiversity and Climate Change in Yunnan’ brochure. Further studies and projects were identified in the Technical Report and have been identified as recommended additional works items in this Final Report.

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Brochures 125. Brochure content, design and distribution plan was developed in close collaboration with the EA to meet their requirements, and the EA considered the brochures a valuable tool for informing other departments, organizations and the general public of the importance of biodiversity management and the impacts of climate change. The brochures also help to raise the profile of EA activities in this field, and also strengthened cross-boundary conservation efforts through information sharing with the GMS Programme.

D. Output 3: Government Capacity in Conservation Planning Strengthened Objectives 126. The first objective of Output 3 is to provide training for government officials. The training aimed to enhance the ability of the local agencies to implement the Five-Year Action Plan, and to help incorporate the plan into departmental planning.

127. The second objective of Output 3 is to identify and agree upon a mechanism for improved conservation planning and interdepartmental participation.

Training Methods 128. The training programme was planned during a series of meetings with the EA. A strategy was agreed during the mid-term workshop that incorporated two types of training: (i) provincial agencies – consultations to raise awareness of the plan; (ii) prefecture and county agencies in the eight Priority Sub-Regions – training to implement the plan.

129. Further discussions between the consultant team and the EA were held from August-September 2014 to finalize the training program, which is described in Tables 8 and 9. YEPD sent formal invitations to selected government departments by post.

Table 8 – Overview of the Training Program Class Objective Training targets Content Methods 1 Improve awareness of County level Significance of Incorporate the decision makers to leaders( about 60 biodiversity with the take it into consideration persons, the conservation; its lectures held in decision making conservation-related relationship with socio- in the process; promote the directors at the economic provincial influence of the project. provincial gov. development; the five communist departments and the year action plan. party school; responsible vice 4 hours governors of the county government ) 2 Improve understanding Directors of the county Biodiversity strategies Incorporated of county EPBs about EPBs (about 70 and policies, main with the YBSAP, the major persons) contents of action plan EPB leader protection targets and training by proposed actions for the YEPD, 2 counties hours 3.1 Improve the capacity of Biodiversity conservation Biodiversity Two-day the biodiversity leaders from prefecture, conservation planning interactive conservation leaders city and key counties method and lecture by from prefectures, cities (about 54 persons: 38 technology; TA; see and key counties, get key counties+16 coordination between detail

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Class Objective Training targets Content Methods them familiar with the prefectures and cities) prefectures, cities, key information biodiversity conservation counties' biodiversity in table planning method and conservation planning "class 3 technology. and YBSAP plan" 3.2 Improve the capacity of Management staff from Monitoring of the Two-day the nature reserve national and provincial faunal and floral interactive management staff, get nature reserves (about resources, the role of lecture by them familiar with main 59 persons) nature reserve in TA; see protection targets and implementation of the detail actions of YBSAP, action plan, key information improve the technology species and actions in table of nature reserve for each priority region "class 3 management. plan"

Table 9 – Detail Arrangement for Class 3 of Training Program Clas Day Schedule Time Lecturers Contents s Participants arrive at 1 hotel and register All Day Training objective, contents and Introduction 9:00-9:20 YEPD course arrangement Coordination between local and 9:20- Mr. Wu BSAP introduction provincial BSAP 10:40 Xuecan How to prepare local BSAP 10:40- Tea break 11:00 Biodiversity conservation project 11:00- Pontential funding for Mr.Hu Jian application and 11:40 biodiversity conservation 2 management Action plan for fauna 14:00- Important fauna species in sub species conservation 15:00 Mr. Han priority regions and species Lianxian Question and 15:00- action planning 3.1 Discussion 15:30 15:30- Tea break 15:45 Action plan for flora 15:45- Important flora species in sub species conservation 16:45 Mr. Du Fan priority regions and species Question and 16:45- action planning Discussion 17:15 International best International biodiversity 9:00- practice for biodiversity Dr. David conservation planning method 10:00 conservation planning Gallacher & and technology Question and 10:00- Ms.Ellen He International best practice case Discussion 10:30 study 3 10:30- Tea break 10:45 GIS and remote sensing Introduction of GIS and remote tools application in 10:45- Mr. Li sensing technology biodiversity conservation 11:30 Zhuoqing Case study of GIS and remote planning sensing technology used in

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Clas Day Schedule Time Lecturers Contents s Question and 11:30- biodiversity conservation Discussion 11:45 planning Wu Xuecan, Topic: how to apply the training Li Zhuoqing, knowledge in local biodiversity 14:00- Group Discussion HanLianxian conservation work. 17:00 , Du Fan, Share and summary the group David, Ellen discussion result 17:00- Training Wrap-up YEPD 17:30 Participants arrive at 3 All Day hotel and register Training objective, contents and Introduction 9:00-9:20 YEPD course arrangement Introduction of BSAP 9:20-9:50 Key actions in BSAP Mr. Wu Question and 9:50- Important role of nature reserve Xuecan Discussion 10:00 in BSAP implementation 10:00- Tea break 10:15 Flora Resources 10:15- Flora survey and monitoring Protection 11:15 method for nature reserve Key species and their action Prof. Du Fan projects in nature reserve from Question and 11:15- BSAP Discussion 11:45 Case study of flora species conservation Fauna Resources 14:00- Fauna survey and monitoring 4 Protection 15:00 method for nature reserve Key species and their action Prof. Han projects in nature reserve from Question and 15:00- Lianxian BSAP Discussion 15:30 3.2 Case study of fauna species conservation 15:30- Tea break 15:45 International experience for International demonstration small nature area conservation best 15:45- establishment practice for nature 16:45 Dr. David International successful case for reserve management Gallacher & nature reserve management Ms.Ellen He Integration and application of Question and 16:45- international experience in Discussion 17:15 nature reserve of Yunnan Community Community development and 9:00- development and management in nature reserve 10:30 biodiversity conservation Biodiversity conservation based Ms. Wu on community development Yusong (including ethnic minority) 5 10:30- Group Discussion Case study of community 11:00 development and biodiversity conservation 11:00- Tea break 11:15

December 2014 37 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

Clas Day Schedule Time Lecturers Contents s 11:15- Training Wrap-up YEPD 11:45

Results 130. Training was held at two venues in Kunming in October 2014. A total of 236 participants joined the training, 52 of which were female. Participants came from more than 60 counties of 16 municipalities and prefectures in Yunnan. They represent more than 20 government departments at different levels, including the People’s Congress, Political Consultation Committee, Development and Reform Department, Land Resources Management, Agriculture, Tourism, and Poverty Alleviation. Officials from counties in all eight sub-priority regions identified in the Five-Year Action Plan attended the training. The participants are summarized in Table 10, and photographs from the training event are shown in Figure 7.

Table 10 – Participants for Class 1-3 Number of Date Class Name of Training Venue Participants 2014.10.23 1 Training for Government Officials at Yunnan Provincial Party 56 Different Levels School, Kunming 2014.10.28 2 Training for County EPB Leaders Huaxing Hotel, Kunming 65 2014.10.28-29 3.1 Training for Local Conservation Guihua Hotel, Kunming 61 Management Staff of EPBs 2014.10.30-31 3.2 Training for Management Staff of Guihua Hotel, Kunming 54 National and Provincial Nature Reserves

131. Training for Government Officials and County EPB Leaders was incorporated into existing training programmes on Ecological Civilization Training (held by Yunnan Provincial Party School), and Occupational Training of Environmental Protection (held by YEPD). Six lectures were given by TA experts for the Local EPB Conservation Management Staff training, and five lectures were given to Nature Reserve Management Staff. These lectures were supplemented by question and answer sessions and interactive group discussions.

132. To assess the effectiveness of training, questionnaires were distributed to the participants on each training day. A total of 295 questionnaires were collected, and an overall evaluation of the training is summarized in Figure 8. In general, participants indicated a high level of satisfaction with the training: · Over 80% of participants were satisfied with the contents of the lectures, noting the lectures were specifically related and applicable to their work. · Over 80% of participants considered the lectures were presented in a clear and understandable way. · 70% of participants considered the interaction between lecturers and participants was good. · 63% of the Government Officials, 68% of Nature Reserve Management Staff and 82% of EPB Conservation Management Staff believed they have well benefited from the training.

December 2014 38 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

Figure 7 – Photographs from Training Events, October 2014

133. Additional specific feedback on the training included: · EPB Conservation Management Staff considered the training helpful as it provided a basic grounding in biodiversity conservation and planning, as well as description of the YBSAP and 5-Year Action Plan. Due to the task division and responsibility of the EPB, it’s staff have limited practical knowledge about the biodiversity conservation. · Nature Reserve Management Staff found the training useful but suggested a longer training programme would have allowed a more detailed discussion of the topics covered, increasing the value of the training.

December 2014 39 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

· Government Officials at different levels preferred discussion on practical biodiversity conservation issues in Yunnan, rather than more theoretical discussion of biodiversity planning strategies and techniques. · Various participants suggested the training could be improved if illustrated with more case studies. They also suggested combining the lecture series with field visits.

Figure 8 – Participants Training Feedback Summary

100 90 80 70 benefits 60 50 40 overall 30 evaluation 20 10 0 t B n f n s P o f s e l E i a r m a t t e e n i y a f s d B r r c t v f a P u e i n r a e e E t v f u e t v l a o f o s s r N G o C n e o s c e r

134. Details of each training session are provided in Tables 11-16 below.

Table 11 – Summary and Evaluation of Party School Training 1.General Information Lecture(s): Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in Yunnan Lecturer(s): Wu Xuecan Invited Actual Attendance Questionnaires Date Location Participants Participants Ratio Collected Yunnan October 23, Provincial Party 60 56 93% 56 2014 School 2. Training Summary 1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Situation in Yunnan Content 2. Introduction to the Five-Year Action Plan 3. Methodology of the Five-Year Action Plan · Senior officials from different government departments of 13 municipalities and prefectures (accounting for 82% of all municipalities/prefectures in Yunnan). · Representatives from the People’s Congress at the provincial and municipal levels Participants · Officials from land resources, water resources, agriculture, tourism and forestry · Vice governors from the county governments (including counties in selected sub-priority regions such as Yingjiang, Shangrila and Guangnan) 3. Feedback Summary · Over 80% of participants think the lecture comprehensive and of significance for them, Content · 77% of the participants think the lecture is useful and applicable for their work. · 77% of the participants consider the time is well arranged and managed.

December 2014 40 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

· More than half the participants think more interaction should have been integrated into the training

· Almost 90% of participants consider the lecturer has a good professional knowledge, and 64% think the contents are clearly explained and expressed. · 48% of the participants consider the lecturer Lecturer has a good teaching skill and 55% of them think there is a good communication between the lecturer and the participants.

· In general, more than half (63%) of the participants think they have well benefited from the training.

General

4. Specific Comments and Feedback Key Feedback · Appreciation of the urgency of protecting the biodiversity in Yunnan, particularly key species mentioned in the training. · Understanding of biodiversity conservation strategies and action plan of the whole province. Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training · How to protect endangered species, particularly in the rural poor area? · Improved basic knowledge of biodiversity conservation in Yunnan. · How to develop the local economy through biodiversity conservation? · Discuss policy, regulations and stimulation measures related to biodiversity utilization industry. · The economic evaluation of biodiversity and its development potential. Summary of Training Benefits · From the identified additional training needs, the participants have reflected on what has been learned in connection with their work. They understand they need of more knowledge of biodiversity, especially in the regions they are responsible for. · As senior government officials, the participants are concerned with social and economic development. The training helped raise awareness of biodiversity conservation in their decision-making process. Conclusions · In conclusion, this training session promoted the Five-Year Action Plan among the government officials and leaders at different levels. Their awareness about biodiversity conservation and their knowledge of biodiversity was improved by the training.

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Table 12 – Summary and Evaluation of Leader of County EPBs Training 1. General Information Lecture(s) Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in Yunnan Lecturer(s) Wu Xuecan Invited Actual Attendance Questionnaires Date Location Participants Participants Ratio Collected October 28, Xinghua Hotel, 73 65 89% 65 2014 Kunming 2. Training Summary 1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Situation in Yunnan Contents 2. Introduction to the Five-Year Action Plan 3. Methodology of the Five-Year Action Plan · Directors or vice directors from 65 county EPBs (including counties from all eight selected Participants sub-priority regions) 3. Feedback Summary · Nearly 90% of the participants think the lecture is designed in a comprehensive and reasonable way. The contents of the lecture are useful and applicable for their work. Content · 86% of the participants consider the time is well arranged and managed. 78% of the participants consider the lecture is given in an interactive way.

· 92% of the participants deem the lecturer has a good professional knowledge, and 77% of them think the contents of the lectures are clearly explained and expressed. · 82% of the participants consider the lecturer has a good teaching skill. 74% of them think Lecturer there is a good communication between the lecturer and the participants.

· 71% of the participants think they have benefited from the lecture, and 80% of the participants had a good overall impression of the lecture.

General

4. Specific Comments and Feedback Key Feedback · Participants gained an understanding of biodiversity, including concepts, connotation, significance, key species and the urgency of conservation efforts. · The participants better understand provincial biodiversity conservation strategies and action planning.

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Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training · Details of conservation strategies for endangered species, and how to incorporate into the environmental impact assessment process. · How to formulate the local conservation planning and operational plans. Summary of Training Benefits · The lecture is helpful for directors/vice directors of the county EPBs, enhancing their knowledge of biodiversity and the conservation situation in Yunnan, and introducing the Five-Year Action Plan. Conclusions · Most participants are satisfied with the lecture. Biodiversity conservation is a relatively new topic for their work, therefore the awareness raising achieved through this project was highly valuable.

Table 13 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 1) 1. General Information 1. Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in Yunnan and Its Formulation; Wu Xuecan Hu Jian 2.Application and Management of Biodiversity Lecture(s) Lecturer(s) Han Lianxian Conservation Projects Du Fan 3. Action Plan for Faunal Conservation 4. Action Plan for Floral Conservation Invited Attendance Questionnaires Date Location Actual Participants Participants Ratio Collected October 28, Guihua Hotel, 61 57 93% 52 2014 Kunming 2. Training Summary Lecture 1: 1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Its Situation in Yunnan; 2. Introduction of Biodiversity Conservation Five-Year Action Plan in Yunnan; 3. How the Action Plan is Formulated. Lecture 2: A general introduction of how to apply for biodiversity conservation projects and the main relative policies of the government. Content Lecture 3: 1. How to identify the key conservation species of animals; 2. General Introduction of Key Animal Species in the Five-Year Action Plan; 3. Introduction of Animal Conservation Actions Proposed in the Action Plan. Lecture 4: 1. Concept and Types of Plant Species with Conservation Value; 2. Key Conservation Plants and Their Conservation Measures. · Senior management staff from the county EPBs of all 16 municipalities in Yunnan, Participants representing more than 40 counties (including counties from all eight selected sub- priority regions). All participants are working in EPB nature conservation divisions. 3. Feedback Summary · 90% of the participants think the lecture is comprehensive and reasonable, and the contents of the lecture are of significance for them. · 83% of them think the lecture is useful and Content applicable for their work. · 87% of the participants consider the time is well arranged and managed. 71% of the participants consider the lecture is given in an interactive way.

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· 90% of the participants deem the lecturers to have good professional knowledge, 87% think the contents of the lectures are clearly explained and expressed by the lecturer. Lecturer · 88% of them consider the lecturers have a good teaching skill. Around 80% think there is good communication between the lecturers and the participants.

· In general, 81% of the participants think they have well benefited from the lecture, and 87% of the participants think the lectures are good in all. General

4. Specific Comments and Feedback Key Feedback · Biodiversity knowledge of participants was improved, and they have gained understanding of provincial biodiversity conservation strategies and the Five-Year Action Plan. · Participants understand how to prepare biodiversity conservation action plans, and how to apply these to their projects. · They also have improved knowledge of key conservation species. Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training · Key tasks and working methodologies of biodiversity conservation for EPB; · Detailed methodologies of formulating the local biodiversity conservation action plan; · More basic biodiversity knowledge, including species identification and distribution; · Protection of cultural heritage and ethnic minorities · Management skills for biodiversity conservation projects. Summary of Training Benefits · There is a strong demand of biodiversity conservation knowledge for the EPB people. This training not only provides the basic knowledge of biodiversity to them but also the guideline for their future conservation work through introducing the YBSAP and Five-Year Action Plan. · While the training was positively received, the participants realized they still have a lot to learn n this topic, and requested more training in the future, with more concrete case studies and field visits to enhance their understanding. Conclusions · In conclusion, this training is useful in enriching the biodiversity conservation knowledge of EPB staff. It provides helpful information and technical guidance for the participants in carrying out their work in the future.

Table 14 – Summary and Evaluation of Senior Management Staff from County EPBs Training (Day 2) 1. General Information 1.International Best Practice for Biodiversity Conservation Planning David Gallacher, Lecture(s) 2.Application of GIS and Remote Sensing Lecturer(s) Li Zhuoqing Technology in Biodiversity Conservation 3. Group Discussion Date Location Invited Actual Attendance Questionnaires

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Participants Participants Ratio Collected October 29, Guihua Hotel, 40 61 50 82% 2014 Kunming 2. Training Summary The following contents have been covered during the training: Lecture 1: 1. General introduction of biodiversity, including its value and threats; 2. International framework for biodiversity conservation; Contents 3. International best practice in biodiversity conservation. Lecture 2: 1. General introduction of the concepts and functions of GPS, RS and GIS; 2. Application of these three technologies in decision-making, biodiversity monitoring and daily use. · Senior management staff from the county EPBs of all 16 municipalities in Yunnan, Participants representing more than 40 counties (including counties from all eight selected sub- priority regions). All participants are working in EPB nature conservation divisions. 3. Feedback Summary · Over 90% of the participants think the lectures are designed in a comprehensive and reasonable way. The contents of the lectures are significance for them, and are Content useful and applicable for their work. · 90% of them consider the time is well arranged and managed. 88% of them consider the lectures are given in an interactive way. · 93% of the participants deem the lecturers have a good professional knowledge, and 88% of them think the contents of the lectures are clearly explained and expressed by the lecturer. Lecturer · 83% of the participants consider the lecturers have a good teaching skill. 85% of them think there is a good communication between the lecturers and the participants

· 83% of the participants think they have well benefited from the lecture, and 88% of the participants think the lectures are good in all. General

4. Specific Comments and Feedback

December 2014 45 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

Key Feedback · Participants were very interested to understand the extensive public participation and cooperation of different stakeholders in the planning process demonstrated in international case studies. They also think that the international cooperation is very important in biodiversity conservation in Yunnan since the province is sharing border with many countries. An effective platform is needed for such cooperation. · The lecture given by the GIS expert gave an understanding what the “3S” technology can do for their work, and noticed their current knowledge is not sufficient for the application of such technology, particularly in monitoring of pollution threats on the local biodiversity. Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training · More concrete application and operation methods of biodiversity conservation management; · Skills and methods in cooperation between different government departments in promoting biodiversity conservation; · Application of the GIS and remote sensing technologies and use of the relative equipment. Summary of Training Benefits · Participants learnt both international practice in biodiversity conservation planning and advanced technology of applying the GPS, remote sensing and GIS in the biodiversity conservation work. · The training provided different dimensions of the working methodology, and promotes engaging with the public and different departments and organizations. Conclusions · Most of participants are satisfied with the training. Their eyes and minds are opened on the second day of the training, and they showed a strong desire to learn more of international practice and applied technology for their work.

Table 15 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 1) 1. General Information 1. Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan in Yunnan and Its Formulation; Wu Xuecan 2. Wildlife Survey and Conservation Han Lianxian Lecture(s) 3.Case Study of Plant Resources Survey and Lecturer(s) Du Fan Conservation; David Gallacher 4.International Conservation Best Practice for Nature Reserve Management Invited Actual Attendance Questionnaires Date Location Participants Participants Ratio Collected October 30, Guihua Hotel, 54 51 94% 37 2014 Kunming 2. Training Summary Lecture 1: 1. General Introduction of Biodiversity and Its Situation in Yunnan; 2. Introduction of Biodiversity Conservation Five-Year Action Plan in Yunnan; 3. How the Action Plan is Formulated. Lecture 2: 1. Survey and Monitoring Methodology of Wild Animal Species and Their Population; 2. General Introduction of Key Animal Species and Conservation Actions in the Five-Year Content Action Plan; 3. Cases of Wildlife Conservation. Lecture 3: Taking the National Wild Plant Resources Survey as an example, the survey methodologies and the key protected wild plant species are introduced. Lecture 4: 1. Introduction of the Existing Protected Area Network in China and Yunnan;

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2. Gaps in Protected Area System; 3. International Case Studies; 4. Lessons Learned and Potential Applications in Yunnan. · Senior management and technical staff from the national and provincial nature reserve Participants management bureaus. Over 95% of Yunnan’s provincial and national nature reserves were represented. 3. Feedback Summary · Nearly 90% of the participants think the lecture is designed in a comprehensive and reasonable way. The contents of the lecture are of specific significance for them. 84% of the participants think the Content lecture is useful and applicable for their work. · 86% of the participants consider the time is well arranged and managed. 65% of the participants consider the lecture is given in an interactive way. · 89% of the participants deem the lecturers have a good professional knowledge, and 92% of them think the contents of the lectures are clearly explained and expressed by the lecturer. 81% of the Lecturer participants consider the lecturers have a good teaching skill. However, 65% of them think there is a good communication between the lecturers and the participants. Senior management and technical staff from the national and provincial nature reserve management bureaus. Over 95% of Yunnan’s provincial and national nature reserves were represented. General

4. Specific Comments and Feedback Key Feedback · According to their feedback on the questionnaires, the nature reserve management staff attending the training have learnt the species survey and monitoring methodologies, improved their knowledge of some specific species and their conservation situation. They also find the practice of establishing the small protected area very useful and inspiring for the nature conservation in Yunnan. · From the introduction of the five-year action plan, they know about the priority area and key species for biodiversity conservation, and the major actions and measures. It provides helpful guidance for the key species protection in their work. Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training · More knowledge about the wildlife and plant species, such as their characteristics, habits and distribution; · Selection of the monitoring sample plots, the monitoring methods and compilation of monitoring data; · Nature reserve management.

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Summary of Training Benefits · The lectures on the first day of the training are quite related to the work of the nature reserve management staff, particularly the survey and monitoring methodologies. However, due to the time limit, the participants feel that they have not got the required knowledge deep and detailed enough. · They also showed very interest in the international practice of nature reserve management, because they are facing a lot of difficulties and conflicts in their actual management work. Conclusions · In conclusion, this training on the first day for the nature reserve management staff is quite useful in providing the practical methodologies of survey and monitoring, and the guidance of the action plan. The participants have the opportunity to learn the international best practice. In addition, the organization of such training stimulates the communication and exchange between the different nature reserves as stated by the participants themselves.

Table 16 – Summary and Evaluation of Nature Reserve Staff Training (Day 2) 1.General Information Community Participation in Biodiversity Lecture(s) Conservation: Theory and Practice of Lecturer(s) Wu Yusong Community Co-Management Invited Actual Attendance Questionnaires Date Location Participants Participants Ratio Collected October 31, Guihua Hotel, 54 47 87% 45 2014 Kunming 2. Training Summary 1. The challenge of the sustainable development, particularly the poverty issue; Contents 2. The concept of co-management, and its practice in China; 3. Design and implementation of co-management. · Senior management and technical staff from the national and provincial nature reserve Participants management bureaus. Over 95% of Yunnan’s provincial and national nature reserves were represented. 3. Feedback Summary · Over 80% of participants think the lecture is designed in a comprehensive and reasonable way. The contents of the lecture are of significance for them. 76% of the participants think the lecture is Content · useful and applicable for their work. 71% of the participants consider the time is well arranged and managed. 80% of the participants consider the lecture is given in an interactive way. · 84% of the participants deem the lecturers have a good professional knowledge, and 87% of them think the contents of the lectures are clearly explained and expressed by the lecturer. 76% of the Lecturer participants consider the lecturers have a good teaching skill. · Less than 70% of them think there is a good communication between the lecturer and participants.

December 2014 48 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

· In general, 71% of the participants think they have benefited from the lecture, and 69% of the participants think the lectures are good in all. General

4. Specific Comments and Feedback Key Feedback · The participants achieved better understanding of co-management concepts, and the application of community participation in nature reserve management by means of sustainable utilization of natural resources and poverty alleviation activities. The participants realize the necessity of the participation of the community in biodiversity conservation. Specific Questions/Recommendations for Additional Training · More knowledge of co-management in nature conservation and effective ways of community participation; · Nature reserve management addressing the conflict of poverty and conservation; · International best practice in co-management. Summary of Training Benefits · There is a good interactive communication between the lecturer and the participants. The participants actively provide their experiences in dealing with the community surrounding the nature reserve and point out the difficulty in solving the conflicts. Such communication enhances their understanding of the significance of community participation in nature reserve management. They seem to welcome the co-management, but still not so confident in finding the effective way of doing so. The lecture provides them with some helpful ideas and thoughts, and the process and tools to reach a common understanding with the community. Conclusions · The lecture brings a relatively new concept of co-management for most participants. It provides another dimension of nature reserve management, helping the nature reserve management staff in solving the conflict during their management work.

Mechanism for Improved Conservation Planning and Interdepartmental Participation 135. As is the case globally, biodiversity conservation and planning in Yunnan Province involves various government departments as well as research organizations, CSO’s and other stakeholders. Efforts to improve the coordination of these organizations date back to 2008, when the ‘Advice of the Yunnan Provincial People’s Government on Strengthening Biodiversity Conservation in the Northwest of Yunnan Province’ was issued. A more comprehensive, provincial wide mechanism for improved coordination of biodiversity management, the BCLO, was established on 2012. Three BCLO meetings were held in 2012-2013, attended by senior provincial government leaders including Mr. Li Jiheng (Yunnan Governor) and Mr. He Duanqi (Yunnan Vice-Governor) as well as senior leaders from different departments. During the formulation of this TA, the BCLO was designated as the Project Leading Group.

136. Large-scale reform of Yunnan government structure was planned and implemented in 2013/14, with an aim to reduce red-tape, streamline operations and downsize administrative departments. As part of this reform process, the BCLO was disbanded in early 2014.

137. Potential mechanisms for improved biodiversity conservation and planning were discussed with the EA at meetings on 18 April 2104 and 2 July 2014. The EA noted that the timing for introducing such a mechanism was poor, given that overall government policy and management

December 2014 49 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

of biodiversity resources was in a state of significant flux during the TA. Due to this situation, the EA advised that there would be no value in trying to develop a conservation mechanism during the course of the TA.

138. Because of the difficulties in addressing this issue during the course of the TA, the need to establish a coordinating office/agency was highlighted in the 5-year Action plan, and was included as one of the priority actions. Implementation of this action should be considered when further decision from YPG on overall coordination of biodiversity conservation and planning had been made. This proposed action was presented in detail at the final workshop, and received general support from all stakeholders.

Conclusions

Training 139. The training was successful in transferring knowledge and experience to the participants, as well as promoting the YBSAP, 5-year Action Plan and the role of the EA in biodiversity conservation efforts in Yunnan. The training reached a large group of staff from different government departments representing dozens of counties across the province.

Mechanism for Improved Conservation Planning and Interdepartmental Participation 140. Leadership and coordination of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts in Yunnan remained in flux throughout the programme of this TA, and had yet to be resolved at the time of writing of this report. The implementation of an effective mechanism was not possible during this TA due to uncertain political and administrative environment during the TA, but a clear plan for developing more effective management of biodiversity conservation and planning was included in the 5-year Action Plan.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Project Benefits and Risks Project Benefits 141. The TA as a whole, and particularly development of the Five-Year Action Plan, included extensive stakeholder engagement involving various YPG departments, academics and CSOs. Stakeholders were involved in workshops and expert panel reviews, and invited to provide written comments on several drafts of the Five-Year Action Plan. This process was documented on the YEPD and GMS websites, as well as being reported in local media.

142. The major benefits brought by this project are summarized in Table 17.

Table 17 – Project Benefits Scale Benefits Regional • Provide biodiversity data and analysis for part of Great Mekong Sub-region (GMS). Level • Participation of GMS-EOC representatives at TA workshops improved and coordination of conservation efforts. • Identify trans-boundary action items in collaboration with different countries in GMS to improve regional biodiversity management • Provide project materials to GMS website improved knowledge exchange. National Level • Promote implementation of key action items identified in the NBSAP. Provincial • Improve biodiversity conservation in Yunnan through development of Five-Year Level Action Plan which can be integrated with the Thirteen-Five Plan of Yunnan province. • Training enhanced biodiversity awareness of provincial government officers by

December 2014 50 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

Scale Benefits trainings. • Extensive workshop and expert panel review programme enhanced cross department cooperation for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan province, and improve communication between academics, government departments and CSO. • Knowledge product raised awareness of government officials and the general public relating to biodiversity management and climate change. • Equipment purchase enhanced EA ability to implement the TA, and functional capacity after the TA. County/ • Provided a framework and guidance for development of local sector BSAP. Prefecture • Identified individual projects for biodiversity conservation in priority counties and Level prefectures. • Training improved knowledge and awareness of government officials responsible for biodiversity planning and conservation at county and prefecture level. • Identified additional training requirements to improve biodiversity conservation capacity for local technical staff.

Project Risks 143. Further implementation of the Five-Year Action Plan does carry some risk. However, identified risks are considered manageable, and can be largely mitigated as described in Table 18.

Table 18 – Risk and Mitigation Measures Risk Mitigation Measures The Action Plan may not be fully • A priority project included in the Action Plan is re- implemented due to dissolution of establishment of a government body to coordinate BCLO and lack of replacement biodiversity conservation and management. coordinating body The Five-Year Action Plan may, by • Funding of the Five-Year Action Plan will not result in focusing on sites of highest priority, reduced funding or existing responsibilities of sartorial result in less government attention or agencies for other regions funding on other BSAP Priority Areas during this five years There is no stable funding source and • External funding sources have been recommended to cooperation mechanism for supplement government funding. biodiversity conservation in Yunnan • Action has been recommended to reinstate and improve which will impact the implementation cooperation mechanism of the Action Plan. Lack of strategic follow-up after the • Detailed monitoring and evaluation criteria have been set for TA each activity proposed in the Five-Year Action Plan.

B. Limitations and Recommended Next Steps Limitations 144. During the course of the TA, a number of issues were identified that limited the effective implementation of the Project. These are described in Table 19.

Table 19 – Project Limitations Limitation Description YBSAP approval The YBSAP was endorsed and approved by YPG before commencement of the TA. As a consequence, the TA could not influence overall direction of biodiversity planning and conservation efforts, or change priority projects identified in the YBSAP. Lack of YPG The dissolution of the BCLO in 2014 had an impact on the TA. In particular: coordination · The lack of a higher coordinating office meant there was very limited

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Limitation Description collaboration between the EA and other government departments (e.g., Forestry Department) who are involved in biodiversity management during the course of the TA. · Without the BCLO, there was limited personnel/expertise representing YPG to provide timely and constructive feedback on draft output. Data availability Development of the Five-Year Action Plan was limited by data availability. In particular: · No information was available on funding or implementation of priority projects identified in the approved YBSAP. · No data was available on current/ planned government funding for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan. · Details of other YPG biodiversity planning documents (e.g. from Forestry Department) were unavailable.

Recommendations for Next Steps after the TA 145. To facilitate the long-term implementation of the TA, as well as further enhance biodiversity conservation and management in Yunnan, several follow-up actions were identified. These were discussed and agreed at the final workshop by ADB, the EA and TA Team. These actions are described in Table 20.

Table 20 – Recommended Next Steps after the TA Output Action Description Time Schedule 1 Official YPG After the TA completion, the EA will assess readiness of the approval of the Five-Year Action Plan for official YPG approval and conduct January Five-Year an expert panel review and other internal procedures as 2015 Action Plan necessary to get approval from Yunnan Provincial Government. 2 Promote Five- EA will promote the plan at provincial, national and January- Year Action international events e.g. GMS environmental events and August Plan upload TA materials to the YEPD website, with links to the 2015 YPG and Ministry of Environment websites. 3 Integration of Integrate the Action Plan into the 2015 work plan of relevant February the Action Plan YEPD divisions (especially the nature conservation division) 2015 YEPD work and apply for increased budget. plans 4 Integration of Lobby other relevant departments, especially Forestry Dept., February the Five-Year to include the plan in their sector plans and budgets. 2015 Action Plan YEPD work plans 5 EA capacity At the time of writing, the EA are the implementing agency for March building the YBSAP. The training conducted as part of the TA was 2015 planning helpful in improving EA capacity for biodiversity planning and management, but a comprehensive capacity building programme is required to ensure the YBSAP and Five-Year Action Plan are effectively implemented.

December 2014 52 AECOM TA-8269 PRC: Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for Yunnan Province Final Report

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 – SUMMARY OF PUBLISHED YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

1. The summary is a translation for key contents in original BSAP by the team including basic information of biodiversity in Yunnan, gap analysis, priority areas, priority species and priority projects.

Biodiversity Features 2. Yunnan is the province has the most species richness in China, especially for new taxa groups. Chinese endemic angiosperm is abundant in Yunnan, more than other provinces in China, with 180 genera, 8,772 species especially found in China, and 4,018 species only found in Yunnan. 3. Although the ecosystem of Yunnan is very rich, the system space is rather limited. Some species only found in special habitats, with very low resilience to outside interference, thus, they are easily fall into endangered or even extinct when in the face of natural disasters and human activities. Yunnan’s special geological structure and topography, as well as complex climate also contribute to this ecosystem vulnerability, especially for those high mountain regions, which are usually in high altitude, with cold climate, and result in a relatively slow vegetation recovery and succession rates.

Protection Achievements 4. The regulatory system of biodiversity conservation has been improved continuously which includes: Regulations on Environment Protection of Yunnan Province, Regulations on Conservation of Terrestrial Wild Life of Yunnan Province, Regulations on Protection of Agricultural Environment of Yunnan Province, Regulations on Nature Reserve Management of Yunnan Province, etc. 5. The provincial and regional conservation plans include Plan for Biodiversity Conservation Engineering of Yunnan Province , Conservation and Exploration Plan of Biological Species Resources of Yunnan Province, Emergency Action Plan for Conservation of Species with Extremely Small Populations and Species in Yunnan Province (2010-2015), Outline of National Park Development Plan of Yunnan Province (2009-2020), Outline of Biodiversity Conservation Plan for Northwest of Yunnan Province (2008-2020), etc. 6. After established the first nature reserve in 1958, Yunnan had built 159 nature reserves by the end of 2012, with a total area of about 2.83 million hectares, accounting for 7.2% of the province’s land area. 20 national level nature reserves and 38 provincial reserves functioned as conservation network, has been effectively protecting 85% of the rare and endangered wildlife species. Besides these, there are national parks, such as Pudacuo National Park ( high mountain-lake type of wetland), Meili Snow Mountain National Park(snow mountain), Lijiang Laojunshan National Park (Danxia landform, glacial lake and forest wetland), and 27 national forest parks, 4 national wetland parks, 4 international convention on wetlands. 7. Major Issues Affecting Biodiversity Conservation: · Conflict between development and conservation · Areas with most rich biodiversity are usually located in poor or undeveloped regions and the local people are highly dependent on these biodiversity resources. · Due to over-harvesting by human, some endangered species haven’t been protected well enough. Some indigenous species disappeared with the construction and loss of habitats. · Ecological function degradation: especially in terms of hydrological conservation, water quality purification, climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. · Alien invasive species: 209 species include Ageratina adenophora、Mikania micrantha, Echhomia crassipes, etc · Loss of genetic germplasm resources · Climate change: 500,000 hectares of nature reserve was under drought impact in 2010, and 6700 hectares was severely impacted. · The ecological compensation policy is not mature yet. · Minority culture loss

December 2014 AECOM Gap analysis 8. Gap analysis for key protected areas: · Biluo Snow Mountain: with a distinct ecological vertical spectrum, this mountain has the most abundant biodiversity, tourism resources and hydropower resources. At present, this area only has Yunling provincial natural reserve, and there is a large gap in protection other areas in this region. · Lijiang Laojunshan region: vegetation types include sub-alpine cold temperate coniferous forest, subalpine or alpine azalea shrubs, subalpine meadows, and many other sub-types. A number of sub- alpine lakes and beautiful natural landscape can also be found here. This area owns special minority culture characteristics. Although it has been identified as national park, the conservation level is relatively low. · Shangri-La Gorge: holds the largest, most original and most complete cold temperate coniferous forest and sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forest in the low latitude subtropical region. This area is a hotspot with conflicts intertwined between conservation and development, since it brings together a wealth of biological taxa, rare and endangered species, unique biological resources as well as rich mineral resources. No nature reserved has been established yet. · Alpine and sub-alpine glacial erosion lakes in northwestern Yunnan: these lakes plays an important role in maintaining the equilibrium and stability of the composite ecosystem ranging from plateau lakes mountain, subalpine forests, meadows and other ecosystem types. However, their isolated location and relatively small size are very susceptible to human activities and has been experiencing degradation problems. Conservation regulatory for this area is high in need. · Dry-hot and dry-warm valleys in Jinsha River: these districts are home to some ancient endemic species due to its unique climate features. This area has irreplaceable ecological function in terms of water soil conservation and watershed ecological security in Jinsha and Yangtze River basin, which is also considered as high research value area. At present, this region has not established any biodiversity conservation areas. · Large Yingjiang and Longchuan River basin in southwestern Yunnan: located in the frontier of Indian Ocean warm current, this region has abundant rainfall and heat resources, with lush rainforest and very diverse species. It is also a important catchment for Irrawaddy river, function as water conservation, hydrological regulation and ecological services. At present, no other protected areas have been established except the Dayingjiang national scenic zone. · Southeastern Karst area and southeast monsoon broadleaf forest: Karst landform is typical in Southeastern Yunnan, and this region is the world famous “Ancient Angiosperm Magnoliaceae Distribution Centre". While this is also a very ecological sensitive area, since the surface water seepage is severe in Karst areas, the water retention capability is weak. Desertification risk is high if the there is a destruction of vegetation. To protect the broadleaf forest and ancient endemic species in this region, conservation zones should be established as soon as possible.

9. Gap analysis for key lakes, marshes and river wetlands: · Plateau lake-wetlands: Fuxian lake, Xingyun lake, Qilu Lake, Yilong Lake and Yangzong hai Lake have not been listed as protected wetlands. · No river wetland reserve has been established in Lancang River, Jinsha River, Red River, Nujiang, Nanpanjiang and Irrawaddy River areas.

10. Gap analysis for important migration corridor: · There is a big gap in establishing eco-corridor network. Important migration corridors include Asian elephant migration corridor from Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve to Pu’er city, from Laos to Myanmar; or snub-nosed monkey migration corridor from Weixi County to Yulong County in northwestern Yunnan. Conservation and management works should be strengthened in these regions. · Management efforts for bird migration corridors are extremely weak. Some important bird migration corridors include Niaodiaoshan state level Nature Reserve in Eryuan, Napa provincial natural reserve where is Black-necked cranes wintering ground, and Fu Ning Niaowangshan as an important migratory channel. Conservation and management works should be strengthened in these regions.

11. Gap analysis for key species The below species listed in the national protected species, have yet been included any nature reserve or protected areas in Yunnan: · Plants: Glyptostrobus pensilis, Pterocarpus indicus, Keteleeria pubescens, Alsophila metteniana, Magnolia sinensis, Bhesa robusta, Cyrtomium hemionitis, Ottelia cordata, Ormosia henryi, Spodiopogon sagittifolius. · Animal: Lophophorus impejanus, Arborophila rufipectus, Circus spilonotus, Pelecanus philippensis, Syrmaticus reevesii, Psittacula roseata, Cuora yunnanensis

Priority Areas Identification 12. Selection based on factors like uniqueness, ecological functions, richness, rare and endangered, economic uses, and scientific values.6 first priority and 18 secondary priority conservation areas have been identified based on the above two guidelines. They are listed as below: · Coniferous forest in alpine gorges of northwest Yunnan - Cool temperate coniferous forest in north of Gaoligong Mountain - Cold temperate coniferous forest in Meili Snow Mountain and Biluo Snow Mountain - Cold and warm temperate coniferous forest in Yunling Mountain - Cold temperate coniferous forest in Shangri-la Mountain · Tropical rainforests in trans-boundary area of south Yunnan - Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf forest in south Gaoligong Mountain - Tropical rainforest in Tongbiguan Mountain - Tropical rainforest in Nanting River area - Tropical rainforest in Xishuangbana - Moist rainforest in Hong River area · The southeast monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest of Karst area in southeast Yunnan · Moist evergreen broadleaf forest of Wumeng Mountain in northeast Yunnan - Moist evergreen broadleaf forest of Wumeng Mountain - Dry-hot valleys in the downstream of Jinsha River · Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf forest in Ailao Mountain and midstream of Lancang River - Middle mountain and wide valleys evergreen broadleaf in Langcang River area - Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf in Wuliang Mountain - Middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf in Ailao Mountain · Yunnan plateau wetland area - Plateau lakes in middle of Yunnan - Plateau lakes in northwest Yunnan - Alpine swamp meadow in northeast Yunnan

Priority Projects 1. Establish local laws and regulations for biodiversity conservation 2. Biodiversity survey and cataloguing for 18 second level priority areas (including propose nature reserve network design, monitoring strategies, and conservation planning according to climate change) 3. Survey, cataloguing and service evaluation for ecosystem diversity. 4. Survey and cataloguing of aquatic biological resources for rivers and lakes (focus on the 6 major river system+lakes on plateaus) 5. Biological resource investigation and catalog for ex-situ conservation areas. 6. Survey and cataloguing of biological genetic resources and traditional knowledge in minority-inhabited regions. 7. Agricultural wild plant conservation sites construction 8. Survey of wild animal epidemic diseases and sources 9. Research on mid and long term dynamic changes of forest vegetation in Yunnan province 10. Impact assessment and strategy research for sustained drought on biodiversity 11. Impact assessment for grazing in key ecosystem of priority areas 12. Establishment of biodiversity information management system 13. Nature reserve establishment and management 14. Demonstration projects in community development and ecological corridor construction in areas adjacent to nature reserves 15. Demonstration projects in establishment and management of trans boundary protected areas of wild animals 16. Demonstration projects in National Parks building and sustainable usage of biological resources 17. Demonstration projects in restoration for rocky desertification Karst forest ecosystem 18. Demonstration projects in restoration and rebuilding for deteriorated grassland ecosystem 19. Demonstration projects in protection and restoration for deteriorated wetlands in plateau and establishment of the important wetlands monitoring system 20. Demonstration projects in alpine ecosystem protection in Northwest of Yunnan province 21. Demonstration projects in tea garden ecological reconstruction and biodiversity recover 22. Demonstration projects in poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation 23. Demonstration projects in biodiversity conservation management based on water catchment 24. Demonstration projects in small population species protection, reintroduction and release 25. Introduction and domestication of rare and endangered wild medical species and development of alternatives 26. Establishment of warning information database for invasive alien species in Yunnan province 27. Demonstration projects in standardization of eco-tourism 28. Biodiversity museum construction 29. Implementation of zoning and planning in each level, study on biodiversity conservation adaptive strategies and mid or long term planning 30. Study on ecological compensation mechanism for biodiversity conservation areas 31. Research and demonstration projects in biodiversity conservation management regulation related to landuse function adjustment 32. Mitigation strategy for climate change impact on biodiversity conservation 33. Communication and education for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan province 34. Establishment of mechanisms for public participating in biodiversity conservation in Yunnan province 35. Rare and peculiar bamboo and rattan germplasm resources protection in Yunnan province

Figure 1 – Biodiversity Priority Protection Areas in Yunnan Figure 2 – Example Map of Key Flora Species Distribution in Yunnan Biodiversity Priority Protection Areas

Figure 3 – Example Map of Key Fauna Species Distribution in Yunnan Biodiversity Priority Protection Areas VI. APPENDIX 2 – DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK Data Sources and Performance Targets and Indicators Reporting Design Summary with 2012 Baselines Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks

Impact By 2020: Assumption

Improved Five-year action plan incorporated into Yunnan Thirteenth YPG committed to management of sector plans of relevant departments Five-Year Plan, implementing the BSAP natural resources, (e.g., forestry, tourism, water, and 2016–2020 and particularly construction) sector plans biodiversity, in (especially Yunnan Province Baseline: 0, target: 1 environmental Risk protection, forestry, tourism, water, and Key threats to target agriculture species not alleviated About 5 new management activities departments) identified in the BSAP implemented in 5 conservation areas, including protected areas and community-managed areas, by 2018 YEPD annual yearbook of Baseline: 0, target: 5 activities, 10 sites environmental protection (YEPD website)

None of the highest-priority vertebrates YEPD provincial list identified in the TA becoming extinct in of priority species Yunnan Baseline: 0 extinct in 2012, (2012); and target: 0 extinct in 2020 publications and reports on the highest priority vertebrates

Outcome By 2014: Assumptions

An established BSAP approved by BCLO by December BCLO letters of Sufficient and timely provincial 2014 support for BSAP to understanding and framework for YPG commitment from biodiversity Baseline: 0, target: 1 relevant departments conservation in Yunnan Province Annual fiscal budget of the YEPD BCLO and YEPD allocated to biodiversity conservation Budget drafts at the accorded sufficiently planned for 2015 onwards increased by protected area, strong mandate to lead about 10% departmental, interdepartmental and/or provincial coordination Baseline: CNY4 million in 2012 (10% of level YEPD budget in 2012), target: 10% increase

Outputs By 2014: Assumption

1. Analysis and About 120 species (52 flora, 68 fauna) YEPD annual Local stakeholder support technical review of and 18 key biodiversity areas listed as yearbook of for methodologies biological ‘priorities’ in the BSAP are reviewed and environmental adopted for analyses conservation ranked by conservation priority based on protection (YEPD Data Sources and Performance Targets and Indicators Reporting Design Summary with 2012 Baselines Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks priorities listed available scientific data. website) within the Yunnan BSAP completed Baseline: 0, target: 120 species, 18 key Consultant report biodiversity areas

Threats, gap, and climate analyses completed for 10 key biodiversity areas listed in the BSAP. Baseline: 0, target: 10 key biodiversity areas

2. Five-Year Action By 2014: Assumption Plan for the Yunnan BSAP prepared About 3 recommendations incorporating Five-Year Action YPG support for a the results of TA analyses for Plan for the BSAP stakeholder-driven and conservation areas and priority species scientific-based process and projects are adopted in the Five-Year for preparing the Five- Action Plan. Year Action Plan

Baseline: 0, target: 3 recommendations Risk Consultant report Provincial agencies unable to achieve Two knowledge products prepared consensus on Knowledge products recommendations for the Five-Year Action Plan

3. Government By 2014: Assumption capacity in conservation 50 male and female personnel of about 4 Training reports Trainees applying their planning departments trained in conservation new skills to conservation strengthened planning Pre- and post- planning training assessment Baseline:0, target: 50 male and female personnel of 4 departments YPG official memo or order Risk A mechanism for improved conservation planning and interdepartmental Trainees transferred participation identified and agreed upon. elsewhere, and the new conservation skills not Baseline: 0, target: 1 mechanism retained in relevant departments APPENDIX 3 – LOGISTICS AND ADMINISTRATION

Team Structure 1. Under AECOM, the specialists listed in Table 1 have been mobilized as of 24 September 2013.

Table 1 – National and International Specialists Mobilized by AECOM at the Beginning of Project

Position National/International Specialist Conservation planning specialist and team National Professor Yang Yuming leader Biodiversity conservation planning and International Dr. David Gallacher vertebrate fauna specialist and deputy team leader Biodiversity specialist - vertebrate fauna National Dr. Han Lianxian Biodiversity specialist – flora National Dr. Peng Hua Climate change and biodiversity specialist International Dr. Robert Zomer Climate change and biodiversity specialist National Dr. Zhang Yiping Social development specialist National Ms. Wu Yusong Geographic information systems specialist National Dr. Li Zhuoqing Conservation finance specialist National Dr. Ma Jianzhong

2. Due to the unexpected withdrawal of the national team leader Professor Yang Yuming, and the illness of flora expert Dr. Peng Hua, the finalized project team was changed as indicated in Table 2.

Table 2 – Finalized National and International Specialists Mobilized by AECOM

Position National/International Specialist Conservation planning specialist and team National Mr. Wu Xuecan leader Biodiversity conservation planning and International Dr. David Gallacher vertebrate fauna specialist and deputy team leader Biodiversity specialist - vertebrate fauna National Dr. Han Lianxian Biodiversity specialist – flora National Dr. Du Fan Climate change and biodiversity specialist International Dr. Robert Zomer Climate change and biodiversity specialist National Dr. Zhang Yiping Social development specialist National Ms. Wu Yusong Geographic information systems specialist National Dr. Li Zhuoqing Conservation finance specialist National Dr. Ma Jianzhong

Team Reporting and Communication 3. To ensure the project remained on track and problems/difficulties encountered by the Team were resolved quickly, twice-monthly conference calls were established, to which ADB, AECOM, Team Leader and YEPD were invited.

4. Detail work plan and time schedule were prepared to track and document progress.

5. A project Dropbox folder was established to provide a platform for Team Experts to share and access relevant reports and data.

Counterpart Support 6. The EA provided office space, access to communications and copiers, and logistical support to the TA consultants for TA implementation. Mr. Yang Dong, Project Officer of International Co-operation Division was assigned as chief point of contact for the TA.

Investment and Financing Plan 7. The project is estimated to cost $555,600 as shown in Table 3. Table 3 – Estimated Cost of Project

Category USD CNY Sub-total(USD) Remuneration 185,000 1003,890 348,943 Reimbursable Expense 178,888 0 178,888 Contingency 27,770 0 27,770 Total 555,600

8. The reimbursable expense to date is summarized in Table 4.

Table 4 – Reimbursable Expenses

Item Cost (US$) Project Budget (US$) Inception Workshop 3433 Expert Panel Meeting 16th May 1,796 Mid-term Workshop 4,268 Training 40116 Final Workshop 3745 Total workshop cost to date 54008 74,600* Equipment 19,920 30,500**

9. Equipment purchased under the TA is summarized in Table 5. Equipment provided used by the EA as part of TA activities. In particular, the projector, notebook computer, mini SLR camera, voice recorder were used extensively in the numerous workshops, training and review sessions undertaken as part of the TA. Table 5 – Equipment Purchase

No. Equipment Unit Product Specification Product Unit Price Total Item Model 1 1 Type: black and white, Function: copy print scan, CANON $3,970.48 $3,970.48 Multi-function Maximum size: A3, Warm-up Time: Less than 30secs, IR2530I Copy Copy Speed: 30cpm (A4), Scan Resolution:600 x Machine 600dpi Copy Resolution:1200 x 600dpi Print Resolution:1200 x1200dpi, Zoom: 25 - 400% 2 Vidicom 1 Product types: high-definition vidicon, flash camera, LCD SONY $1,512.95 $1,512.95 (Digital screen size: 3 inches, The biggest pixels: 6.65 million, HDR- Video) Effective pixels: 6.14 million (16:9), 4.6 million (4:3), PJ790E Optical zoom: 10 times, Stabilization performance: a smooth optical image stabilization 3 Projector 1 Projection techniques: DLP, Brightness: 2200 lumens, EPSON $2,001.25 $2,001.25 Contrast: 15000:1, Standard resolution: 1920x1080, CH- Screen ratio: 16:9, Projection size: 34-328 inches, TW5200 Lamp life: normal mode: 5000 hours, Noise of products: 33 db 4 Scanner 1 Optical resolution: 4800 x4800dpi, scanning speed: 8.5 hp G4050 $360.23 $360.23 seconds, color number: 96 5 Desktop 2 Display size: 23 inches, CPU model: Intel core i7 3770, lenovo $2,001.25 $4,002.50 Computer CPU frequency: 3.4 GHz, Memory capacity: 16 gb A8800K DDR3, Hard disk capacity: 2 TB, Memory capacity: 2 gb, Graphics card types: independent video card 6 Notebook 4 Screen size: 12.5 inches 1399 x768, CPU type: Intel Thinkpad $1,408.88 $5,635.52 computer core i5 4300 u，CPU frequency: 1.6 GHZ, Memory X240 capacity: 4 gb DDR3L, Hard disk capacity: 256 gb SSD (20AL0022 solid-state drives CD) 7 Wireless 3 Format: 4G, Time: one year 4G $252.96 $758.87 network card No. Equipment Unit Product Specification Product Unit Price Total Item Model 8 Mini SLR 1 effective pixels: 24.3 million, sensor size: APS format SONY $877.35 $877.35 Camera (23.5 * 15.6 mm), high-definition camera: full hd (1080), NEX7T stabilization performance: the optical image stabilization, E 18-55mm focal length lens parameters: 16-50 - mm, maximum aperture: F3.5 - F5.6 9 Voice 1 Storage: 4 gb, Expansion card: support MicroSD card, SONY $256.16 $256.16 recorder MS Recording function: recording level 24 bit / 96 KHZ PCM-M10 (4GB) 10 HDD 4 Memory capacity: 1.5 TB, Size: 2.5 -inch, Interface type: TOSHIBA $136.09 $544.34 USB3.0 HDTB120A K3CA 11 Battery of 2 Mating Digital Video (SONY HDR-PJ790E) $44.80 $89.60 Digital Video

12 Memory Card 2 Memory capacity: 64 GB $92.80 $185.60 of Digital Video

13 Battery of 1 Mating Mini SLR Camera (SONY NEX7TE 18-55mm) $72.00 $72.00 Mini SLR Camera

14 Memory Card 2 Memory capacity: 32 GB $60.80 $121.60 of Mini SLR Camera

Total $20388.44 APPENDIX 4 – MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS

Inception Workshop 1. The Inception Workshop and ancillary meetings were held in YEPD Offices 19-21 November 2013. The aim of the workshop was to: (i) introduce the project and project team to key stakeholders; (ii) identify the specific outputs, knowledge product, detailed work plan, schedule, dates of draft and final reports and knowledge product; (iii) clarify roles and responsibilities, counterpart support, logistical arrangements. Details of the items discussed and agreed at the workshop, the meeting minutes and a list of participants are provided in as below.

DATE: 19 November 2013 VENUE: YEPD Conference Room at Floor 7 SUBJECT: Inception Workshop ATTENDEES: Organization Name Designation Government departments Yunnan Environmental Protection Department Zhou Bo Division Director (International Cooperation Division/Project Office for Yang Dong Project Officer Foreign Funding). Zheng Zhou Project Officer Gao Zhengwen Deputy Director General Hu Jian Principal Staff Member Xia Feng Division Director Yunnan Finance Department Gao Yuan Project Officer Yunnan Government Research Studio Zong Jiafei Deputy Division Director Yunnan Science and Technology Department Li Peng Yunnan Housing and Construction Department Chen Jie Deputy Director of Garden City Office Yunnan Agriculture Department Long Qihua Division Director Yunnan Forestry Department Jiang Zhutan Principal Staff Member Yunnan Water Resources Department Wang Zhaorong Deputy Staff Member Academic institutions Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Peng Hua Researcher Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology Jiang Xuelong Researcher Yang Xiaojun Researcher Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Kunming Dai Kaijie Division Director Chinese Academy of Sciences- Xishuangbanna Song Qinghai Assistant Researcher Botanical Garden Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science Li Zhuoqing Director of Ecological and Environmental Protection Research Center Southwest Forestry University Tian Kun Professor Yunnan University Ou Xiaokun Professor Civil society organizations WWF-China Program Wu Yusong Director of Kunming Office Oxfam-Hong Kong Chen Xuechong Project Officer Yunnan Environment Development Institute (YEDI) Aidel Bade Consultant CBIK Ren Jian Project Officer Shanshui Nature Conservation Center Shi Xiangying Project Coordinator FFI-China Program Meng Bingbo The Primate Program Manager Yunnan Biodiversity Protection Foundation Yang Shuo Project Officer Greater Mekong Sub-region Core Environment Jerry Chen Conservation Specialist Program The Yunnan Daily Tian Jinchun Journalist Shi Yunshan Journalist China Environment News Jiang Chaohui Journalist Asian Development Bank East Asia Department Mark R. Bezuijen Environment Specialist East Asia Department Yue-Lang Feng Director, Environment, Natural Resources, and Agriculture Division TA consulting team AECOM David Gallacher Deputy TL/Conservation planning Organization Name Designation specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist AECOM Ellen He Project Assistant AECOM Ma Jianzhong Conservation Finance Expert AECOM Zhang Yiping National Climate Change Expert AECOM Han Lianxian Fauna Expert AECOM Peng Hua Flora Expert AECOM Robert Zomer International Climate Change Expert AECOM Wu Yusong Social Development Expert AECOM Li Zhuoqing GIS Expert

Discussion and Comments

Agency Item/Issues Response Ecological Compensation Deputy Division Director Zong Jiafei from • The ecological compensation should be considered Done Accordingly Yunnan Government Research Studio more in 5-year action plan Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from Yunnan Forestry Department Funding and Sustainability Development Deputy Division Director Zong Jiafei from • Biodiversity protection should be closely integrated Finance expert will Yunnan Government Research Studio with urbanization and economic development work on this Project Officer Gao Yuan from Yunnan • Funding is not only from government but also issues Finance Department society. Principal Staff Member Hu Jian from YEPD • Companies should be involved in species resources Deputy Director General Gao Zhengwen from development. YEPD • 50,000,000rmb from government and Project Coordinator of Shi Xiangying from 30,000,000rmb from society are provided for Shanshui Nature Conservation Center biodiversity protection for Yunnan province. • TA should not focus on areas with existing research and funding. Invasive Species Division Director Long Qihua from Yunnan • For invasive species more technology R&D is Will add into the Agriculture Department required. report Community Issues Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from • Sustainable development of communities is critical Social expert will Yunnan Forestry Department for biodiversity protection. work on these Project Officer Cheng Xuechong from Oxfam- • Environmental education and intervention for issues. Hong Kong activities with impact on environment are Professor Jiang Xuelong from Chinese • Encouraging community involvement necessary. Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology Project Officer Ren Jian from CBIK Project Coordinator of Shi Xiangying from Shanshui Nature Conservation Center Species level Conservation Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from • Much more attention should be paid on the Will focus on it in Yunnan Forestry Department endangered species in priority areas. sub areas Professor Tian Kun from Southwest Forestry • Fish habitats and rare fish species should be given University more attention Professor Jiang Xuelong from Chinese • Umbrella species and restricted population species Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology are priority for protection. The Primate Program Manager Meng Bingbo • Protect the flagship species such as crested gibbon from FFI-China Program (Hylobates concolor). Director of Kunming Office Wu Yusong from WWF-China Program Mark R. Bezuijen • Projects can focus on single species or sites or habitats which cover a group of species Habitat Level Conservation Conservation Specialist Jerry Chen from • Areas between nature reserves are also very Done Accordingly Greater Mekong Sub-region Core important for biodiversity conservation. However, Environment Program (GMS) these areas are often affected by human activities. • During the planning of national parks, the mining Agency Item/Issues Response Deputy Director of Garden City Office Chen area map layer was added to the protected areas Jie from Yunnan Housing and Construction layer in order to find the highest priority areas. Department • Provide guidelines for urban ecological planning and implementation. Related Planning Principal Staff Member Jiang Zhutan from • Existing planning/regulations developed by Forestry Done Accordingly Yunnan Forestry Department Dept. related to this TA include: Planning for The Primate Program Manager Meng Bingbo Biodiversity Protection; Planning for Wetlands; Small from FFI-China Program Population Rescue Planning. Forestry Dept. will Conservation Specialist Jerry Chen from provide these documents to YEPD for reference. Greater Mekong Sub-region Core • FFI has been cooperating with IUCN for many Environment Program (GMS) years: Yunnan protected species with ranking list can Mark R. Bezuijen be provided to the TA team. Professor Jiang Xuelong from Chinese • Integrated with GMS programs. Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology • Analyze the relationship between ecological zoning and the BSAP. • Bring international experience to address poaching and over-collection of natural resources. Water Deputy Staff Member Wang Zhaorong from • Water resources protection (especially water quality Noted Yunnan Water Resources Department protection) should form the basis of biodiversity protection efforts. Action Plan Report Division Director Zhou Bo from YEPD • Select of priority species and projects based on the Done Accordingly Principal Staff Member Hu Jian from YEPD approved BSAP. Division Director Xia Feng from YEPD • Follow the contents of NBSAP and the guidance from central government. • Prioritize key species identified in the approved BSAP. • Strategies should be set for both ecosystem/habitat and species level. • Provide a sequence for priority actions from the approved BSAP. Knowledge Product Division Director Xia Feng from YEPD • The linkages between climate change, biodiversity The linkage Director of Kunming Office Wu Yusong from conservation and social development should be between climate WWF-China Program analyzed further change and social • Some brochures for public education and promotion development will are necessary for BSAP. not be the key analysis in TA. Agriculture The Primate Program Manager Meng Bingbo • There is little research for agriculture diversity which Agriculture is not from FFI-China Program may be covered by this TA. included in TA’s work scope Mark R. Bezuijen • Agricultural diversity may be not covered in this TA. Noted Training Project Officer Ren Jian from CBIK • Training should also be provided to local Done Accordingly Director of Kunming Office Wu Yusong from communities, and private sector not only government WWF-China Program and organizations.

DATE: 20 November 2013 VENUE: YEPD Conference Room at Floor 7 SUBJECT: Inception Workshop ATTENDEES: Organization Name Designation Government departments Yunnan Environmental Protection Department (International Zhou Bo Division Director Cooperation Division/Project Office for Foreign Funding) Yang Dong Project Officer Zheng Zhou Project Officer Xia Feng Division Director Civil society organizations Greater Mekong Sub-region Core Environment Program Jerry Chen Conservation Specialist Yunnan Environment Development Institute (YEDI) Aidel Bade Consultant Asian Development Bank East Asia Department Mark R. Bezuijen Environment Specialist TA consulting team AECOM David Gallacher Deputy TL/Conservation planning specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist AECOM Ellen He Project Assistant AECOM Ma Jianzhong Conservation Finance Expert AECOM Zhang Yiping National Climate Change Expert AECOM Han Lianxian Fauna Expert AECOM Peng Hua Flora Expert AECOM Robert Zomer International Climate Change Expert AECOM Wu Yusong Social Development Expert AECOM Li Zhuoqing GIS Expert

Discussion and Comments

Agency Item/Issue Response Output 1 – Selection process for priority areas for inclusion in 5-year Plan. David Gallacher • The 18 sub-areas would be prioritized using a weighted scoring Noted method based on various environmental, social, financial and administrative characteristics. Output 2 – Content and Format of Action Plans for Priority Projects under 5-year Plan Division Director Zhou • Set up sequence for priority projects to see which will be Done Accordingly Bo from YEPD carried out in 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years.

David Gallacher • Project Information sheet Division Director Xia • Priority species should include but not be limited to the list in Feng from YEPD the approved BSAP. • Two highlights in this TA: 1) biodiversity and poverty reduction and 2) traditional cultures of national minorities and biodiversity conservation. • Maps, brochures, brief documents are necessary. Mark R. Bezuijen • Priority projects should focus on areas rather than species. • There is a lot of existing research (such as the protection boundary in Northwest of Yunnan) which can be used in the TA. • Criteria for selection of priority areas should be divided into two types: environmental criteria; and socio-economic criteria. • Considering the migrant birds, it is important that priority areas consider temporal changes in species occurrence and abundance. • Conservation initiatives review should focus on priority areas instead of whole province. • Fauna should cover the fish species. • All reports should be user-friendly and meet with YEPD requirements. Output 2 – Knowledge Product Division Director Zhou • Linkage between social development, climate change and Bo from YEPD biodiversity are interesting, but are not compulsory task for experts. Newsletters, brochures and web-based material are all Agency Item/Issue Response good for promotion. Mark R. Bezuijen • The format and table of contents of knowledge product should be updated and submitted to YEPD and ADB for confirmation. • Knowledge product will still focus on climate change. It will be delivered to stakeholders and executing organizations. • The introduction and background of climate changed need not be repeated since the original BSAP already covered it. Output 3 – Training and Capacity Building David Gallacher • Training needs would be assessed in more detail after the Done Accordingly content and requirements of the priority projects under the 5- year plan were identified and developed. Division Director Zhou • Not all the projects need training. Bo from YEPD • Three major types of training are required: 1) joining the review workshop; 2) product introduction for technology agency which will undertake the 5 year plan of each government departments; 3) Public engagement and activities with media. Project Workplan Division Director Zhou • The workplan should be updated after the meeting and Done Accordingly Bo from YEPD submitted to YEPD. • TOC for deliverables should be submitted to YEPD for review. • Four items need to be prepared ASAP: 1) detailed methodology of each expert; 2) framework of 5 year plan; 3) TOC of technical report; 4) Input outline from each expert. Mark R. Bezuijen • Timeline for Output1 should be shortened.

Mid-term Workshop 2. The Mid-term Workshop and ancillary meetings were held in YEPD Offices 17-19 June 2014. The aim of the workshop was to: (i) introduce the project progress to key stakeholders; (ii) present the output 1 (analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities listed within the BSAP), output 2 (draft 5-year action plan), knowledge product (draft climate change report and brochure), output 3 (draft training plan); (iii) Collect comments and suggestions from stakeholders and clarify the further work plan. Details of the items discussed and agreed at the workshop, the meeting minutes and a list of participants are provided as below.

DATE: 17 June 2013 VENUE: YEPD Conference Room at Floor 7 SUBJECT: Mid-term Workshop ATTENDEES:

Organization Name Designation Government departments Yunnan Environmental Protection Department Zhou Bo Division Director (International Cooperation Division/Project Office for Yang Dong Project Officer Foreign Funding) Yunnan Tourism Development Committee Xu Jie Yunnan Land Resource Department Cai Baoxing Yunnan Poverty Relief Office Hu Lan Yunnan Finance Department Yang Manxia Yunnan Science and Technology Department Gao Yangyi Yunnan Housing and Construction Department Na Lu Yunnan Forestry Department Jiang Zhutan Principal Staff Member Zhe Qiangchun Yunnan Water Resources Department Guan Jiakang Academic institutions Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Gong Xun Researcher Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology Jiang Researcher Xuelong Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity Xiang Organization Name Designation Jianying Yunnan Academy of Forestry Yang Yuming Director Yunnan Biodiversity Protection Foundation Yang Shuo Yunnan Environmental Protection Cooperation Center Zhao Zheng Li Jiangping Southwest Forestry University Tian Kun Professor Yunnan University Ou Xiaokun Professor Civil society organizations The Nature Conservancy-China Program Li Chun TA consulting team AECOM David Deputy Team Leader/Conservation planning Gallacher specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist Ellen He Project Manager Ma Conservation Finance Expert Jianzhong Du Fan Flora Expert Robert Zomer International Climate Change Expert Wu Yusong Social Development Expert Li Zhuoqing GIS Expert Asian Development Bank Mark R. Environment specialist/TA project officer, EAER Bezuijen Jerry Chen Project officer of GMS

DATE: 18 June 2013 VENUE: YEPD Conference Room at Floor 3 SUBJECT: Team Meeting ATTENDEES: Organization Name Designation Government departments Yunnan Environmental Protection Department Yang Dong Project Officer (International Cooperation Division/Project Office for Hu Jian Project Officer from Nature Resource Division Foreign Funding) Civil society organizations Yunnan Biodiversity Protection Foundation Yang Shuo Yunnan Environmental Protection Cooperation Center Zhao Zheng Li Jiangping TA consulting team AECOM David Deputy Team Leader/Conservation planning Gallacher specialist/Vertebrate fauna specialist Ellen He Project Manager Ma Conservation Finance Expert Jianzhong Du Fan Flora Expert Robert Zomer International Climate Change Expert Wu Yusong Social Development Expert Li Zhuoqing GIS Expert Han Lianxian Fauna Expert Asian Development Bank Mark R. Environment specialist/TA project officer, EAER Bezuijen Jerry Chen Project officer of GMS Discussion and Comments

Agency Items/Issues Responses Funding and support Yang Yuming, Yunnan Funding source and support requirements should be clarified. To be improved in the Academy of Forestry final five-year plan Finance Department Jiang Xuelong (KIZ) Existing labor cannot meet requirements of such a lot surveys. The detail instruction of implementation agencies is needed. Forestry Department The existing funding channel of Forestry Department: nature reserve capacity building, major for survey and planning, 5 million/year from provincial finance budget; nature reserve survey and planning, 1.5 million/year; protection and restoration funding from Forestry Department budget; minimum population of wild plants protection, funding from national budget; the second flora and fauna resource investigation, funding from provincial and national budget; wetland protection projects (3-4 projects/year), funding from national development and reform department. Hydrology Department There are budget for water source protection. But the mechanism for eco-compensation is still not comprehensive. Species Level Conservation Yang Yuming, Yunnan Pantheratigris corbetti, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Gaoligong Adopted Academy of Forestry shania and other orchid need more concerns. Threats for Magnoliaceae in Wenshan prefecture are very seriously. Southwest of Yunnan is the core distribution area of Dipterocarpaceae which require more detail analysis of flora protection. Jiang Xuelong (KIZ) According to the report, Nomascus leucogenys distributes only in XishuangBanna. Actually they can be found in Jiangcheng, Wuliang Mountain, etc. Action 8 (Musk Deer Monitoring and Anti-poaching Operations) should cover Shangri-la area as well. The species’ Latin name need double checked. OuXiaokun (Yunnan Need include Yunnan provincial protection species. University) Page 28, is Acer yangbiense a flagship species? Need double check. Xiang Jianying (Yunnan Anisodusa cutangulus is widely cultivated; Christensenia assamica Biodiversity Research is endangered. These status information should be updated in Institute) report. Scientific and Technology Consider more about representation and economical of species. Department Projects Yang Yuming, Yunnan • 13 strategic tasks and 41 projects need filtrating by urgency, To be improved in the Academy of Forestry importance, etc. final five-year plan Li Chun (TNC) • Add 1 project for policy research, such as how to introduce Tian Kun (Southwest social findings (NGO, Companies) Forestry University, • More projects address ecosystem issues are needed. National Plateau Wetland • The monitoring and evaluation of 5-year action plan should Center) set as a project. Jiang Xuelong (KIZ) • It’s not a proper project about improve biodiversity protection Xiang Jianying (Yunnan awareness of ethnics. Biodiversity Research • 2 projects are set for alpine pasture which should be Institute) integrated into 1 project. Scientific and Technology • Consider adding action(s) on soil erosion and rocky Department desertification area treatment in Karst landscape in south- Poverty Alleviation east Yunnan. Department • Action 16 (Assess the Impacts of Large Scale Monoculture Plantations on Biodiversity), there are already some demonstration projects in Yunnan. This project should focus on how to promote these kinds of actions. • Projects should integrated with major programs in Yunnan such as hydro power, road, urbanization, etc) Agency Items/Issues Responses • The project target should be more detail, such as recovery of specie number, restore of community. • Integrate the biodiversity protection and poverty alleviation. Forestry Department • 29 projects from the 41 projects are led by Forestry Adopted Department which need be reconsideration. Detail plan for work division should be further developed based on detail task plan of YBSAP. • The 5-year action plan should be a project application guideline. Then we don’t need prepare application guideline every year. Ecological Compensation Yang Yuming, Yunnan Ecological compensation can be replaced by biodiversity The implementation of Academy of Forestry compensation. Protect fish species in Nujiang is urgent since it will the relative policies is be developed soon. Biodiversity compensation can be applied in hard due to the this area. complexity of the payment for ecosystem The impact on the fish resources are covered and solved in the EIA of projects Related Planning Li Chun (TNC) • Add the review of Northwest Yunnan Biodiversity Action Plan. Adopted Forestry Department • The relationship between 5-year action plan and economic Hydrology Department development need more concerned. Xiang Jianying (Yunnan • Hydrology Department is working on water and soil Biodiversity Research protection, water ecological culture construction projects, etc. Institute) The ecological monitoring of reservoir and forewarning projects can be combined into hydrology department’s work. Report Structure Li Chun (TNC) • The ideal framework of BSAP has 6 parts: exiting condition To be updated in final Jiang Xuelong (KIZ) assessment (what actions have been taken, what didn’t); five-year action plan Xiang Jianying (Yunnan gaps and urgency; project design; result can be achieved Biodiversity Research with this projects and without this projects; policy support; Institute) integration of biodiversity and economy. • Add methodology and technical roadmap; and also the international experience used in our project. • The fourth principle of 5-year action plan has some problems • The maps should be bigger in report.. • The table head should be consistency in appendix. Capacity Planning Li Chun (TNC) • Use media and school to improve public awareness of Noted, but ecological biodiversity protection. control line is not part • Identify the ecological control red line of Yunnan. of TA’s work Knowledge Product OuXiaokun (Yunnan The simulation for climate change is 70 years which doesn’t make It allows us to prepare University) much sense for 5-year plan. the mitigation strategies in advance. Xiang Jianying (Yunnan • Consider adding action(s) on climate change impact Reflected in the Biodiversity Research monitoring. current scope of Institute) • Identify narrow distribution species and ecosystem types proposed monitoring. Zhoubo (YEPD) based on climate change analysis and most sensitivity Li Chun (TNC) climate change area; provide strategies for nature protection Wu Yusong (WWF) network and ecological corridor Mark (ADB) • Redesign the boundary for protection areas and projects for Jerry (GMS) specific species based on climate change analysis. • Photos comparison before and after climate change (tree line 100 years ago) in the brochure to prove the fact of climate change. TNC can provide some copyright photos for public purpose. • Clarify the impact of climate change and biodiversity for daily life in the brochure. Agency Items/Issues Responses Habitat Level Conservation OuXiaokun (Yunnan • The central and northeast of Yunnan are not included in the To be updated in final University) report which needs some short description otherwise key five-year action plan species will be missing. • What’s the scientific base for regional categorizing in social analysis? Categories like high and cold alpine, wetland above 2400m make no sense in ecology. Xiang Jianying (Yunnan Consider ecosystem protection combined with natural forest Noted Biodiversity Research survey of Forestry Planning Institute. Institute) Scientific and Technology 2 tropic rainforest areas in sub-priority areas but none of hot and All the sub-priority Department dry area which need be reconsideration. areas are based on ranking. Output 1- priority areas ranking Land Resource Consider mining activities in priority areas ranking. Already done Department

DATE: 6 NOVEMBER 2014 VENUE: YEPD SUBJECT: FINAL WORKSHOP ATTENDEES: government departments, academic agency, NGO, TA team, YEPD, ADB Expert Item/Issue Action by Xia Feng 1. Nature reserve effects assessment is needed. Forestry Department 1、Improved by Wu (Nature has a lot of information for that. Monitoring the management system for Xuecan Resource nature reserve (based on remote sensing technique) should be set up. Division of Potential problems in provincial nature reserve, capacity building, 2、Summary the YEPD) funding shortage should be considered. undergoing species 2. Screen the species need urgent protection. Experts may have different actions, updated the opinions with government officers. How to rescue, protect, restore and species ranking form and utilize the species under limited funds? Endangered species outside action plan based on the nature reserve should be taken into the action plan. Some comments from final programs already under going can be put in 5-year action plan too. workshop (Professors 3. New nature reserve may be built in Xiao Hei Mountain, Biluo Snow Du and Han) Mountain due to the positive application from local government 3、Necessity of new 4. Location and protection target of small nature reserve should be confirmed. nature reserve 5. Invasive species survey and pre-caution system should be established establishment in the action plan. (Professors Du and 6. Species identify for development is conducted by Southwest Forestry Han, Mr. Wu Xuecan) University now. 4、Improve the small 7. Exploring the traditional culture and knowledge from ethnic should be nature reserve definition, considered. building procedure, 8. Yunnan can be a demonstration site for sharing system of The Nagoya regulations (Professor Protocol Du) 9. Once the ADB project finalized government will conduct following procedures to issue the final document. The report is fine for ADB 5、Already done project now. 6、Noted 10. Divide the work based on YBASP task delegation agreed by government. 7、8 Please see feedback as below 9、10 Noted Forestry 1. Management regulation and reforming plan was done by Forestry 1、2、Noted Department Department and submitted to provincial government. National investment for nature reserve is stable. 150 million from central 3、The action name will government is used for infrastructure construction of nature reserve change to National Park every year. 28 million from central government for nature reserve Biodiversity Partnership capacity building in 2014. 150 million can be applied for capacity Mechanism building for 5 years. Provincial government has funding for this too. Establishment and 2. Forestry department has already finalized the Yunnan wetland survey Demonstration and protection regulation. More investment is needed for infrastructure Expert Item/Issue Action by construction for wetland protection in the future. Try to get central 4、Please see feedback government investment and also projects in provincial level. as below 3. Action 10. There are 8 national parks in Yunnan. Only Meili Snow Mountain is set as project which is not properly. 5、Heihe Laopo will be 4. Action 6. It’s not very urgent in fact. Only after the cross boundary included in small nature protection mechanism being built the survey can be conducted. reserve 5. Action 9. No request from local government right now. Need more 6、Please see feedback analysis on new nature reserve establishment. Leading agency should to Mr. Xia be government instead of forestry department. 6. Action 13. Various department planning and actions should be 7、Will adopt integrated for species selection. It can not only rely on expert’s opinion. 8、Review the original Forestry department already carried out the second wildlife and flora actions. ( Han) survey and small population species, endangered species Professor conservation. 9、Noted 7. Action 14. Leading agency should be Diqing prefecture government due to the religion, culture, poverty alleviation. Forestry department can do little for this. 8. Action 15. Northwest Yunnan lakes need a clear definition. Migrant birds synchronous survey is not applicable due to lack of human resource and technology. 9. Forestry department can lead the planning of ecological corridor construction rather than the construction itself. Finance In order to integrate with department budget plan funding plan should be Will be updated by Mr. Department prepared by year Ma Land Action 11. Cave scale in Puzhehei is small. Cave in Mile and Jiuxiang is Will be taken into resource bigger. Suggest to select larger site with little disturbance for conservation consideration Department Agricultural 1. Action 18. Agricultural Department can lead but how to address the 1、Integrate into budget Department funding problem? 2. Action 20. Leading agency should be prefecture government. 2、Lead by Agricultural Agricultural department cannot change the land for robber plantation. and Environmental 3. Action 23. Besides Northwest of Yunnan Honghe prefecture is Protection also impacted too. 3、Please see feedback 4. Wildlife protection funding is not stable and sustainable. below 5. Many projects have different budget number in main report and instruction report appendix. 4、Noted 5、Double-check Kunming 1. Species ranking form looks very professional. 26 actions reflect the 1、Noted Branch most urgent problem in Yunnan. Chinese 2. Ranking for fish is needed too. 2、Will be updated by Academy of 3. Besides Isoëtes hypsophila and Nympheae tetragona, Ptychobarbus Professor Han Sciences chungtienensis from Northwest Yunnan needs protection too. 3、Noted 4. Very disappoint with Tilapia cultivation in reservoir by Agricultural department. Only native fish should be cultivated in reservoir. 4、Will be updated (Mr. 5. Action 11. Disagree with land resource department’s comment. Cave Wu Xuecan) in Wenshan prefecture is very important. Other sites just mentioned 5、Noted have survey already. Only monitoring program is needed. Water 1. Large work have been done for this project Noted with thanks. Resource 2. BCLO should be established as soon as possible. 2016 is too late for Department it. 3. Water resource department will actively cooperate for the actions. Housing 1. Will actively cooperate for the actions Noted with thanks and 2. Scenic area is a kind of protection too. Even there is no nature reserve Constructio in Meili Snow Mountain but there are scenic areas. n Department Science Action 24. Funding cannot be afforded. Science and technology Development and Reform and department is unable to conduct the monitoring. Department will be Technology added. Department Yunnan Action 21. Integrate with the national park program. 10 million per year is Noted with thanks Tourism given to tourism development committee for national park construction. Expert Item/Issue Action by Developme nt Committee Yunnan 1. The report is comprehensive and well-targeted. Will be modified by Ms. Poverty 2. Action 19. Whether the specific policy can be worked out for this to get Wu Yusong Relief government support? Office Jiang 1. This version is clearer and compared to last version. 1-6 Noted Xuelong 2. Action 4. Whether the remote sensing can monitor all the human 7、8 Will be updated (Chinese activity considering there are a lot of different activities. Is the action Academy of name too big for the content? Sciences 3. Action 5. Nature geography unit should be considered too not only the Institute of county level. For example, the survey for Biluo Snow Mountain is Zoology) totally blank. 4. Action 6. Cross border areas should be confirmed in the action. 5. Action 7. Besides the landscape and habitat, species should be considered too for small nature reserve construction, especially for important species outside the nature reserve. 6. Action 13 and 14. Academic agency should be involved too. 7. Action 16. Zoo is another kind of ex-situ conservation 8. Action 17. Only flora species are included. Action name should be changed. Tian Kun 1. Action 11 and 12. The name is ecosystem but actual content is Action 23 will be updated (Southwest species conservation. Ecosystem protection is weak, by Professor Han Forestry 2. Action 23. Vague. Eryuan and Dali are impacted by this snail too. 4 University) years for this project is too long. If controlling during the oviposition period, the problem will be solved within 1-2 years. 3. Academic agency should be added in participant departments. Ou Xiaokun 1. No matter how many review meetings are held there are still 3、4 Will be updated by (Yunnan comments. But project needs an end point. University) 2. Description for 18 priority areas should be added to form a more Professor Du comprehensive report. 5、Will consider it 3. Action 7. Semi humid evergreen broad-leaved forest and Mesua ferrea Linn should be protected by small nature reserve. 4. Lack ecosystem protection. Table 4. Distribution of key ecosystem should be updated. 5. Some national protection plants are normal in Yunnan while some endangered species in Yunnan are not included as national protection list. Is that possible to use some international ranking standard for species selection, build the dynamic species database, update the distribution on time? Then the protection target can be confirmed. Pei Shengji 1. Add the “Access and Benefit Sharing” system into the action plan. 1、ABS will be added as (Chinese Make Yunnan as an demonstration site for this. an action (Mr. Wu Academy of 2. Strength the ecosystem on site conservation and community Xuecan) Sciences conservation Institute of 2、Community Botany) conservation will be emphasized in small nature reserve action Yang 1. Add the nature reserve effects assessment 1、Will be updated Yuming 2. Strength the threat and challenge analysis (Yunnan 3. Add law and regulation into safeguard strategy 2、Will be updated Academy of 4. Many new species will be discovered in cave fish which is worth more 3、Will be added Forestry) research and protection 5. Set up small nature reserve for key sections on bird migrant route. 4、Noted 6. Action 13. Are there too many species for first 5 years? Other 5、The ranking process recommended species include, XXX? and main task have 7. Promote the value of protection mentioned about migrant 8. Invasive species should include Mikania micrantha birds route. 9. Cross border protection mechanism is not set up but survey can be conducted anyway. 6、Please see feedback to Xia Feng Expert Item/Issue Action by 7、8、9， Will be considered Jerry Chen 1. Action 2. Attract some company to involve. There is some successful 1、Enterprise (GMS CEP experience in Vietnam. compensation method Expert) 2. Action 6. There is some successful cases in Laos and Xishuang will be explored Banna. Cooperation mechanism should be built first then survey can be done. 2、Demonstration for 3. Is there any investment plan for 150 million and 30 million from cross border company and NGO? How to attract them to invest? conservation 4. Chapter 4.5, ADB cross border conservation program can be added as 3、Will be added part of strength international collaboration 4、Noted Gong Xun 1. Where does the population data in species analysis form come from? Will be double checked (Chinese Is that credible? and updated by Academy of 2. Threat should be habitat shrink, and living site change instead of live Professor Du Sciences site shrink. Institute of 3. Some names are mistake Botany) 4. Species form needs double check and update. Li Chun 1. More professional than last version Green peafowl will be (TNC) 2. Asian elephant and apple snail program which one is priority? added as an action 3. Green peafowl need rescuing conservation 4. Biodiversity gap analysis based on county level should be added 5. Great talent shortage in national nature reserve should be address by adding funding. Hu Jian 1. TA has addressed many comments from YEPD right now. Similar comments with (Nature 2. There are 34 actions in YBSAP. 17 actions are related to 5 year action Xia Feng. Will be Resource plan, how about the rest 17 projects? updated accordingly. Division of 3. Management and construction of nature reserve should be added in Yunnan actions. Environme 4. Genetic resource protection and sharing (ABS) should be added in ntal actions. Protection 5. Projects under going can be included into 5-year action plan too. Then Department the funding source will be solved. Even the agricultural department ) said there was no money; they already conduct the rare fish breeding program. The regular work from different department should be considered too. Natural sacred site and cross border protection projects are already conducted and should be combined with 5-year action plan. 6. Choose a group for project instead of single item to avoid question like why only Meili Snow Mountain is mentioned no others are included. 7. Work division should follow the task delegation of YBSAP. 8. Department name should be unified. 9. Add summary for contribution of 5-year action plan to YBSAP and what kind of YBSAP objectives are met by 5-year action plan. Brochure Forestry Less printing, more electronic version Will do both Department Wu Yusong Mobile phone version to encourage interactive. Will considered Han Add calendar Will added Lianxian Jerry Upload English version to GMS website Will upload once confirm APPENDIX 5 – CONSULTATIONS

DATE: 24 September 2013 VENUE: Tele-conference SUBJECT: Project Kick-off Meeting ATTENDEES: YEPD ADB AECOM/ Consultant Team Zhou Bo, Yang Dong Mark R. Bezuijen, Carey David Gallacher, Wu Yusong, Ma Jianzhong, Han Yeager Lianxian, Yang Wenzhong

Discussion and Comments

# Item/Issue Action Date by Req’d/ Follow-Up 1.0 Project Overview All Note • Output 1 will further identify needs and specific outputs based on the review of the existing BSAP and discussion • Output 2 should focus on 5-year plan for the BSAP, rather than producing second version of the existing BSAP • The focus is on 5-year work plan for the BSAP, rather than reviewing and updating existing work. • Strengthening government capacity through training workshops will be an important aspect of Project Output 3. 2.0 Training Requirements All Note A combination of workshops and on-the-job training would be required to achieve training objectives. 3.0 Inception Report + Work Items Prior to Inception Workshop All Note • Typical content of Inception Report for TA Projects: Confirm and expand on project objectives; Confirm work programme, time-lines, implementation arrangements and deliverables. • The Inception Workshop will be from 18-21 November 2013 • The Team Leader and Deputy Team Leader will meet with YEPD before the Inception Workshop to review the three Project Outputs. • The time before inception workshop will be used to prepare draft inception report; • Further preparatory works including the desktop review of the BSAP need to be completed together with YEPD before Inception workshop, which will include the identification of needs and specific outputs and the approach of the capacity building, identifying information gaps. And compilation of data request list and sourcing required data 4.0 Contact Details 4.1 Point of contact at YEPD (if Mr. Zhou Bo is away) is Mr. Yang Dong including October, when Mr. ALL Note Zhou Bo will often be away from the office. 4.2 Professor Yang Yuming (Team Leader) noted we can contact his assistant, Yang Wenzhong, if ALL Note he is unavailable. 4.3 AECOM will develop a contacts list and circulate to the Project Team AECOM 04/10/13 5.0 Data Requirements and Management 5.1 YEPD will circulate the final approved BSAP to the project team; YEPD 04/10/13 5.2 AECOM will work with Project team to organize data request list; AECOM 11/10/13 5.3 AECOM will set up drop-box account for the project to facilitate document and information AECOM 11/10/13 exchange. 6.0 Regular Meeting Request 6.1 A fortnightly meeting will be held between representatives of YEPD, ADB and Consultant Team All Note Leaders to maintain good communication between various parties and ensure early resolution of potential difficulties. 6.2 AECOM will send out meeting request with call schedule. AECOM 27/09/13 7.0 Knowledge Project All Note 7.1 The Knowledge Product should be educational, concise, of practical value for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan, and focus on a subject important for conservation in Yunnan. 7.2 A potential topic for study is the impact of climate change on the effectiveness of the existing protected area system. The study could also focus on some selected species of particular international importance (e.g., Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey). 7.3 ADB noted that such a study is possible with existing available data and free modeling software. 8.0 Any Other Business All Note 8.1 YEPD confirmed they can provide office space for visiting experts. # Item/Issue Action Date by Req’d/ Follow-Up 8.2 ADB noted that as the Project is partially funded by the Water Financing Partnership Facility, freshwater species and habitats should be considered alongside terrestrial ecosystems.

DATE: 30 September 2013 VENUE: YEPD Office 308 SUBJECT: Work Scope Discussion Meeting ATTENDEES: YEPD AECOM/Consultant Team Zhou Bo, Yang Dong Yang Yuming, David Gallacher, He Wen(Ellen He)

Discussion and Comments

# Item/Issue Action Date by Req’d/ Follow-Up 1.0 Output ALL Note • Output 1: Review and identify any weaknesses and gaps in the draft BSAP. Review selection process for priority species and protected areas based on national and international biodiversity conservation best practice. Supplement priority species and protected areas as required. • Output 2: Develop five-year plan for detailed and practical activities, including time schedule for priority species/ protected areas* and suggested programs with focus on those to be implemented in next 5 years. • Output 3: Government capacity building will focus on knowledge sharing and involvement in the process of discussion and decision making with different government departments. It should include: - Introduction of all relevant agencies to the BSAP and 5-year work plan; - Identification of roles and responsibilities; - Identification of weaknesses among agencies that will be involved; - Technical workshops to train / clarify the roles and responsibilities of agencies; - Mechanism for improved conservation planning and interdepartmental participation identified and agreed upon. 2.0 Project Introduction meeting (11th October afternoon at YEPD) All 11/10/13 Consultant team, YEPD and AECOM will join the meeting. Professor Yang will inform the consultants as the team leader. 3.0 Equipment All Note Discuss and confirm equipment requirements with ADB and Project Team before purchasing. 4.0 Staff support YEPD Note • Some staff support for project coordination and administration was required. • YEPD will provide a full-time counterpart staff for the TA. 5.0 Project office and meeting Professo Note • Regular (fortnightly) coordination meetings should be held by the project team. r Yang • The project office might be better based at YEPD Offices to strengthen capacity building and collaboration. 6.0 Expert Professo Note • If / when it is agreed there is a need for an additional specialist, they can be brought in as a r Yang 'resource person'. There is provision in the budget for this. Under ADB regulations a 'resource person' is a technical person with highly specialized skills brought in to perform a specific task, and is usually for up to 10 days duration (e.g. a brief but detailed technical assessment, or facilitation of a workshop). • Experts should guarantee their inputs once the project started. They should take responsibility for high quality work and discussion meetings regularly in Kunming. This will be emphasized again during the 11th October meeting. * A clear definition of "significant" species and sites needs to be established up-front. Preliminary definitions are provided in the TA report. For reference: • The TA is focusing on vascular flora and vertebrate fauna only. • The TA is focusing on species which are nationally/provincially listed as rare, threatened or protected; and/or species listed as CE, EN or VU on IUCN Red List, and possibly also Data Deficient species if it seems likely they are CE/EN/VU; and/or 'keystone' species of economic / habitat importance; • The key terrestrial and wetland habitats.

DATE: 11 October 2013 VENUE: YEPD Conference Room at Floor 3 SUBJECT: Internal Kickoff Meeting ATTENDEES: YEPD AECOM/Consultant Team Others Zhou Bo, Yang Dong, Xia Feng Yang Yuming, Wu Yusong, Mr Wu Xuecan (Vice President of Yunnan Institute of and Hu Jian (from Nature Han Lianxian, Zhang Yiping, Environmental Science), Wang Jun (attended for Li Resource Department of YEPD) David Gallacher, He Wen(Ellen Zhuoqing since he was on travel), Dr He (from XTBG) He)

Discussion and Comments

# Item/Issue Action Date by Req’d/ Follow-up 1.0 Project background / / • ADB and YEPD had meeting at July 2012 for BSAP funding issues. At that time BSAP is only a draft framework. • ADB approved the funding on October 2012. But the draft BSAP was approved already by government at December 2012. • The contract with ADB was signed at September 2013 but the BSAP was issued to public at May already. • Due to this situation YEPD and ADB had agreed that the previous BSAP will not be changed a lot in this project. • The 34 priority actions, 9 priority areas and 35 priority programs decided by last BSAP should not be changed in this project. Detail plans and time schedule are needed for them. Key areas should be identified within the priority areas. • The action plan should be practical. • Promote and increase the influence of the BSAP • National BSAP was issued recently. The national priority protection areas covered 3 zones in Yunnan: Northwest of Yunnan, South of Yunnan, and Southeast of Yunnan which required further planning for these areas. This project should consider the 3 zones of Yunnan and provide related materials for the National BSAP Planning. 2.0 Work scope: All Note • Output 1: identify priority species, ecosystem, and areas based on the existing BSAP; Propose the species with high economic benefit and implementation recently and sort by importance and practical value; work out the “Protection Plan for Biodiversity Conservation Priority Areas in Yunnan Province”, identify key protection area, zoning, protection network optimization, and policy strategy. • Output 2: propose the Thirteen Five-Year-Plan, activities for several Five-Year sections after that, key items for implementation and plan based on the 9 priority areas and 34 programs from original BSAP. Increase the practical value for existing BSAP. • Output 3: enhance the promotion, training of BSAP for related government departments. Improve their understanding of action plan and speed up the implementation of BSAP. 3.0 Project management YEPD Note • The Yunnan Biodiversity Joint Conference Office will coordinate and guide the whole project. • A project management team will be set up in YEPD to supervise and assess the project progress. • The project management office will be located in YEPD. 4.0 Expert All Note YEPD indicated that all the experts should try their best for this project. If anyone think he/she cannot complete these task now he/she should apply to quit before end of October. Once they decide to take the job after second consideration they should try their best to fulfill all the tasks. 5.0 Next step: All Note. • Professor Yang and David will work together for the overall framework and methodology and Professor circulate to the team by 18th October. Yang will • Experts have 1 week to review the overall framework and methodology then add their own detail provide a # Item/Issue Action Date by Req’d/ Follow-up TOR, work schedule, data requirement list and send to team leader for feedback by 25th October. draft for • Update the TOR, work schedule and data requirement list from 28th – 31th October. discussion • An internal discuss meeting will be held on 1 st November to finalize the materials for inception on 16th meeting. October.

DATE: 7 March 2014 VENUE: YEPD Conference Room at Floor 5 SUBJECT: Expert Review Meeting for analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities listed within the BSAP, knowledge product, capacity building, 5-year action plan ATTENDEES: YEPD Expert Panel Project Team Zhou Bo, Yang Dong, Xia Feng Yang Yuming, Ou Xiaokun, Lu Wu Xuecan, Peng Hua, Han Lianxian, Li Zhuoqing, and Hu Jian (from Nature Shugang, Jiang Xuelong, Wu Yusong, Ma Jianzhong Resource Department of YEPD) Sheen Lixing

Discussion and Comments

Expert Comments and Suggestion Response 5-year action plan Zhoubo 1. The presentation is clear. Will update 2. Ranking is necessary. The projects should cover more than accordingly selected priority areas. 3. More discussion is needed for 5-year plan submitted to YEPD. The one to ADB is fine. 4. Projects already get funding and easily to implement should be set as priority in 5-year plan although they are not for priority areas. Lu Shugang 1. Action plan should consider the areas outside the nature Flora expert for Yunnan University reserves Professor Yang Yuming 1. The action plan should consider the trans-boundary river basin survey such as Nujiang River and Yiluo wadi River basin protection; and the Magnoliaceae protection. Hu Jian 1. According to management requirement project should not only Natural Resource Department set for 5 higher mark priority areas but consider more about administration boundary. 2. Species protection is one of the key projects. 3. Evaluate the existing project and funding Director Xia Feng 1. Important and urgent should be considered together. Natural Resource Department 2. Detail boundary of priority area should be worked out. Analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities listed within the BSAP Ou Xiaokung 1. The indicator weight is suggested to be re analysis by experts. Will update Flora expert from Yunnan University accordingly Lu Shugang 1. it’s reasonable for Honghe moist rainforest zones ranking the Flora expert for Yunnan University first in priority areas.

Jiang Xuelong 1. The methodology is reasonable but the data should be double Fauna expert for KIZ check specially the fauna data. 2. The area, investigation, reference are different in priority areas. Some areas are totally blank due to little investigation. Shen Lixing 1. The Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest zones don’t rank high Indicator and Forest expert from Southwest Forest but it’s the only 1 selected in the 35 National Priority Areas. ranking will be University Please take it into consideration based on the national strategy. adjusted. 2. Can indicators like GMS and Three Parallel Rivers be added into calculation? Professor Yang Yuming 1. It’s wrong for Tongbiguan tropical rainforest zones ranking last. Karst wetland and underground caverns in southeast Yunnan should be considered too. Expert Comments and Suggestion Response 2. The Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest is significant. 3. Flagship specie should be set priority such as Silvery gibbon Director Xia Feng 1. Adjustment of priority areas should be made. Natural Resource Department Knowledge product Ou Xiaokung 1. Is there any possibility to include program budget application Knowledge Flora expert from Yunnan University guidance into the Knowledge product? product will not comprise this item. Shen Lixing 1. Knowledge Product: biodiversity and poverty reduction should Poverty Forest expert from Southwest Forest be included. reduction is University not the key Director Xia Feng item in Natural Resource Department knowledge product ZhouBo 1. Knowledge product: need more discussion Noted Capacity building Ou Xiaokung 1. Action plan for county government Noted Flora expert from Yunnan University 2. Promotion of biodiversity is the first step in training. Shen Lixing Forest expert from Southwest Forest University Professor Yang Yuming Director Xia Feng Natural Resource Department ZhouBo 1. Training: need more discussion

Summary Mr. Wu Xuecan There is no disagreement for select 5+1 priority areas into 5- year action plan. The next step: 1. Report from each expert should be translated 2. Update each report based on comments from consultants. 3. Outline of 5-year plan from each expert should be submitted 15th March; draft 5-year plan submitted 10th April; final 5-year plan and discussion on 30th April. 4. Projects should be set for 5+1+2 priority areas. But other areas should be considered too. 5. According to the workshop 6+2 (Xishuang banna, Tongbiguan) priority areas are suggested for priority projects. 6. Communication with GIS experts before 15th March for calculation updates.

DATE: 16 May 2014 VENUE: YEPD Conference Room at Floor 5 SUBJECT: Expert Review Meeting for 5-year action plan ATTENDEES: YEPD Expert Panel Project Team Zhou Bo, Yang Dong Yang Yongping (KIB), Ou Xiaokun (Yunnan University), Jiang Wu Xuecan, Peng Hua, Han and Hu Jian (from Xuelong (KIZ), Tian Kun (Southwest Forestry University), Gong Lianxian, Li Zhuoqing, Wu Nature Resource Xun (KIB), Hua Chaolang (Yunnan Forestry Planning Institute), Yusong, Ma Jianzhong Department of Jiang Zhutan (Forestry Department), Hu Lan (Poverty Alleviation YEPD) Office), Dai Tianchou (Hydraulics Department), Zhang Xingwang (Agricultural Department), Tao Ran (Development and Reform Department), Zhao Jiuling (Finance Department) Wen Bin (Urban Construction Department), Gao Yangyi (Technology & Science Department), Discussion and Comments

Expert Suggestions or Recommendations Response

Analysis and technical review of biological conservation priorities listed within the BSAP Ou Xiaokun No comments on the ranking results; the main issues of YBASAP Noted has been covered; Urban Construction It is necessary to pick the priority area for research; Department 5-year action plan Tian Kun • The whitebait fish is not the major issue in the north-west Will update accordingly wetlands in Yunnan; instead, Pomacea scalaris (snail) is worthy of study. • Action 34 is under implementation; the synchronized monitoring of the birds in different wetlands is important; • The conservation and research of Brasenia schreberi in Tengchong is important. Ou Xiaokun Little attention paid to the ecosystem; Some actions are under implementation, no need to carry out again. Hua Chaolang Is it reasonable to have 21 actions of investigation and research out of the total 36 actions? Yang Yongping • In safeguarding measures, coordination scheme establishment is very important • Technical cooperation and communication is important in international cooperation. Jiang Xuelong The executive agencies should not be confined in Yunnan; Finance Department • The strategic measures are not enough; • The five-year actions should promote the international cooperation. Poverty Alleviation Enhance the actions which connect the biodiversity conservation Office and poverty alleviation. Hydraulics Awareness building should be included in the safeguards Department measures. Development and Connect with the province-wide ecological civilization construction Reform Department work. Agricultural A lot of propagation work of the indigenous fish species has been Department done by the agricultural department. YEPD • The improvement of the current nature reserves needs to be addressed. • Actions related to management, laws, policy and awareness building should be added. Report writing Jiang Xuelong the scientific name for a species of Bycticebus pygmaeus is not Will update accordingly established; Gong Xun Different names should not be used for the same species in the report; the Latin name should be used. Hua Chaolang • The logic thought is weak and the planning is not systematic. More baseline and strategic Forestry Department • Actions are not in consistency with the original YBSAP; projects related to YBSAP Technology & • The analysis of the implementation of the original YBSAP analysis will be added. Science Department should be enhanced; YEPD • No logic connection between the ranking of species and actions. • gap analysis for nature reserves is not enough; famous scenic spot is also a kind of protected area; • Insufficient actions for nature reserves, particularly the improvement of the current provincial nature reserves. • Project results should not be only the scientific ones, how to make the public participate in the actions • The sustainable utilization should be enhanced in the report. Discussion among the team after the meeting Improve the action plan based on the comments and suggestions of the meeting, the understanding of the project, and according to the task divisions; Expert Suggestions or Recommendations Response

In the meantime, the team leader will provide the specific suggestions for the team for modification of the report; Internal meeting will be held after modification for discussion of the action plan.

DATE: 2 July 2014 VENUE: Meeting room on 3rd Floor, YEPD SUBJECT: Five-year action plan progress, capacity building training. ATTENDEES: YEPD Project Team Zhou Bo, Hu Jian, Xia Feng (from Nature Resource Department of YEPD) Wu Xuecan,

Discussion and Comments

YEPD Suggestions or Recommendations Response

Five-year action plan Zhoubo · Delete “ background ” , the relative contents put in “ review of BSAP ” ; Noted and combine 2.2 and 2.3; worked · Identify the objectives after five years, and its connection with YBSAP accordingly · The actions proposed should not be confined within the selected priority areas; actions needed for the common and urgent issues of the whole province and other priority areas; · For the establishment of the small-scale nature reserve, their demonstration in management is more important rather than the number of established ones. · The analysis of priority area selection is too scientific to be included into the main text of the plan; instead, put it in the annex Hu Jian · The actions are the focus of the action plan. If only consider the selected priority area, the typical and critical issues for the whole province will be ignored, and fail to cover the 9 fields of actions in the original YBSAP; for example, awareness building, sustainable utilization. · BCLO is dissolved and it should not be mentioned in the implementation agencies of the plan. In the safeguard measures of the plan, the establishment of biodiversity conservation committee could be proposed following the experience of the other provinces. · The biodiversity fund does not exist anymore. The contents about it in the plan should be undermined. Xia Feng · Priority species, priority ecosystems and priority areas are the major concern. A common understanding should be reached through several seminars. · It should be clear which of the 34 actions in the original YBSAP need to be implemented in the next five years. · How to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the action plan is missing. · The task breakdown need to be in line with that in the YBSAP. · For the format of the report, suggest to structure it by ecosystem conservation, species rescue, sustainable utilization of species and etc., relay it based on the urgency and necessity. The current layout by priority areas is not easy for use and reference. For instance, the invasive species only the snail is mentioned, a lot more are missing; the actions and measures for this field need to be detailed. · To further compact the contents of the action plan into a shorter one. Training program Xia Feng · The target people of the training should be classified for different training contents. · At the provincial level, to increase the awareness of the high-rank cadres through the platform of the communist party school, to make them pay attention to biodiversity in the decision making process. · Nature reserve management agency: the focus is nature reserve management bureau, to increase their skills. · The responsible departments at the prefectural and municipal levels: to train this group of people through the training plan of YEPD. YEPD Suggestions or Recommendations Response

· Training of juveniles: dissemination of common knowledge to them through lectures; select the school with cooperation willingness (e.g. the junior high school of Yunnan University) · To extend the influence of the project, publish the project information and results at the website of Yunnan biodiversity conservation. Zhou Bo · The big challenge of the organization of the training is the participation of the other departments beyond YEPD. · Other stakeholders at the provincial level, train the people at the meetings, either the training of YEPD or the trainings of the other departments themselves.

DATE: 11 August 2014 VENUE: Conference Call SUBJECT: Training program, TOC of action plan, project progress ATTENDEES: YEPD AECOM/Consultant Team ADB Yang Dong Wu Xuecan, Yang Shuo, David Gallacher, Ellen He Mark Discussion and Comments

Training program Yang Dong Class 1, 2 are ok to be approved by YEPD. Mark · Budget table for each class is needed. Detail budget plan should be submitted within this week. · The training program sounds very positive, covering a lot of different agencies. It’s good that expert s in the project are the lecturer. · Make clear of which TA consultant will be responsible for PPT materials. · Hope can get approval from Mark and Karen within this week. TOC of 5-year action plan Mark · Confused about the section 2.4 and 3.2, 3.3, 3.4. · Many comments for the actions in the mid-term workshop but there is no change in the 41 actions. · If YEPD think the TOC is very clear as government policy requirements please let ADB know. · If the TOC is approved by YEPD, ADB will agree with it too. · The translation of Section 4 needs to be changed. Mr. Wu Will pay visit to Zhoubo within this week for further explanation and discussion about TOC. Data collection for finance analysis Yang Dong Will follow up with finance division about this. Mechanism Mark · Propose mechanism such as organizing meetings between different agencies. W e can get opinions during the trainings. · YEPD should take a lead for this too. Pamphlet Mark Draft pamphlet should be submitted within this week. APPENDIX 6.1 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (English Version) The report can be found at the following link: http://u.163.com/HISJiOPD Download code: hw6AuCWx APPENDIX 6.2 – OUTPUT 1: ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES LISTED WITHIN THE BSAP (Chinese Version) The report will be uploaded to YEPD+ADB website. APPENDIX 7.1 – OUTPUT 2: SAMPLE BASELINE ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE PREPARED FOR XISHUANGBANNA SUB-PRIORITY REGION This document was prepared to provide a template for description of baseline data from each sub- priority region identified under Output 1. This data would form a basis for identification of key issues and formulation of projects for inclusion in the Five-Year Action Plan. This template was adopted for use in the Five-Year Action Plan, but moved to the appendices. As per the requirements of the EA, the finalized Five-Year Action Plan focused more on provincial level strategies closely aligned with the YBSAP, rather than specific activities within sub-priority regions identified under Output 1.

Xishuangbanna Tropical Rain Forest (XTR) Location and Climate 1. The XTR Sub-priority Region (latitude 21° 8'-22° 58', longitude, 99° 10'-101° 50') is situated in the southwest of Yunnan Province, with Laos to the east and south, Myanmar to the south-west and west, and adjoins the plateau of Yunnan to the north (Figure 5). The Sub-priority Area covers an area of 1,237,200 ha, and includes several counties known for rich biodiversity resources such as Menghai, Jinghong, Mengla, Ning’er, West Union, Menglian, and Lancang River City. Figure 1 – Location of XTR Sub-Priority Region

2. Located just south of the Tropic of Cancer, Xishuangbanna represents a transitional zone between the tropical climate of Southeast Asia and the subtropical climate of East Asia. The area has a predominantly low, undulating mountainous terrain (ranging from 480m to 2,430m above sea level) (Hua, 2006) (refer to Figure 6). The high mountains in the north block the cold air from the north in winter, and traps warm, humid air from the Indian Ocean, creating a hot, humid, windless, tropical climate (Zou, 1988). The annual precipitation is 1,200 – 1,700 mm and average temperature is 21.5°C (Hongmao et al., 2002). In the lowest areas there is usually dense fog every day of the dry season, which compensates for the relatively low precipitation (Hua, 1992). The flora and fauna of Xishuangbanna is therefore influenced by both tropical and temperate elements thus creating a biodiversity hotspot. Figure 6 – Elevation Map of XTR Sub-Priority Region

Biodiversity Values 3. Located in the northern margin of tropical mainland South East Asia and occurring at greater than 600 m above sea level Xishuangbanna occurs at the latitudinal and altitudinal limits of tropical rainforest (Hua, 1992). The primary vegetation of Xishuangbanna can be divided into four main categories: tropical rainforest, tropical seasonal moist forest, tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest, and tropical monsoon forest. The tropical rainforest can be further divided into two vegetation subtypes: tropical seasonal rainforest occurring in the lowlands, and tropical montane forest occurring at higher elevations (Hua, 2006). 4. The tropical seasonal rainforest occurs mainly in wet valleys and on lower hills below 900-1,000m elevation. It is the main forest type in Xishuangbanna and the regional representative vegetation (Hua, 1992). It includes five formations: · Pometia pinnata-Terminalia myriocarpa forest, which has the greatest coverage of the formations; · Parashorea chinensis forest, which has been found in limited habitats of Mengla County (Hua, 2006). Parashorea chinensis is endangered with only a few large tees remaining (the Yunnan subpopulation being restricted to an area of 20 km²) (IUCN, 2014); · Pometia pinnata-Celtis philippensis var. wightii forest, which occurs near the bottom of valleys and on lower slopes with somewhat less wet habitats; · Antiaris toxicara-Pouteria grandiflora forest, which occurs mainly on lower hills and lower mountains surrounding wide depressions below 800 m elevation. Areas at these elevations have now been opened up to large-scale agricultural use therefore forest represented by this formation has largely been destroyed. There are only a few more or less disturbed forests remaining (referred to as “Sacred Mountains”) close to villages (Hua, 2006); and · Celtis philippensis var. wightii-lasiococca comberi var. pseudovercillata forest, which is the most common formation on lower limestone slopes (Hua, 2006). Figure 7 – Ecosystem Map of XTR Sub-Priority Region

5. The tropical montane rainforest usually occurs between the seasonal rainforest and the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, at between 900-1,800 m elevation (Hua, 2006). As a result of agricultural conversion, the tropical montane forests do not cover a large area in Xishuangbanna (Hua, 1992). Only relic patches of this forest remain, that can be divided into two formations: · Mastixia euonymoides-Phoebe megacalyx forest which occurs mainly in wetter montane valleys; and · Parachmeria yunnanensis-Gymnanthes remota forest; which occurs on shady slopes and on hill tops. 6. Although the Xishuangbanna area only covers approximately 0.2% of the total land of China, more than 5,000 higher plant species have been recorded, which accounts for approximately 14% of the total from China (Yongneng et al., 2006). Of these, approximately 150 are endemic species to China (Pu and Zhang, 2001) (including 35 endemic species to the region (Zhang and Ma, 2008). In addition, over 100 protected plant species occur in this Area, with 60 being state protected and 41 protected at the provincial level (Xiaokun, 1997). The ranking analysis of plant species conducted as part of this plan identified 146 priority species occurring in the XTR Sub-priority Region, 32 of which were considered of high conservation priority. 7. The XTR Sub-priority Region supports a high diversity of fauna, including over 100 species of mammal, over 420 species of birds, approximately 60 species of reptiles approximately 38 species of amphibians, and over 100 species of fish. The ranking analysis of animal species conducted as part of this plan identified 15 priority species occurring in the XTR Sub-priority Region, 4 of which were considered of high conservation priority. Threats 8. Until the 1940’s, natural forest covered almost the entire Xishuangbanna area (Zhai et al., 2013), but by the 1970s the natural forest had decreased to 70%; with further decreases to less than 50% by 2003 (Li et al. 2007). Such habitat loss has been attributed to the expansion of rubber tree plantations and shifting cultivation (Hua, 2006). In fact the reported decrease in seasonal tropical rainforest from 10.9% coverage in 1976 to 3.6% in 2003 (Li et al. 2007) coincided with an increase in rubber plantation from 1.1% in 1976 to 11.3% in 2003. By 2003, rubber plantations dominated the areas below elevations of 800 m (ibid). This transformation has had the effect of reducing local plant species richness and composition (Zhu et al., 2004). In addition, the use of the best agricultural lands at lower elevations for rubber plantations is resulting in the deforestation of natural forest at higher elevations for local food production. Therefore, the area of other natural forest habitats, which occur at elevations above 800 m also decreased between 1976 and 2003. 9. While some habitats and species are afforded a degree of protection under Protected Area designations, the fragmentation and isolation of Protected Areas and management units is resulting in degradation of habitats, which is further impacting species dependent on these areas. This is exacerbated by an over-dependence of local residents on forest resources and increased anthropogenic activities resulting in forest fires, wood consumption, slash and burn agriculture, wildlife poaching, and logging. These issues are compounded by insufficient conservation/management funding, a lack of qualified protectors, poor means of forest management (Pu and Zhang, 2001). 10. Further to this, the review of the biodiversity resources of the Area indicates that current data regarding species distribution, richness and population dynamics, particularly for less charismatic species, is limited. Given the loss of forest habitats across the Area and the expansion of monocultures (e.g. rubber plantations, tea and tropical fruits) updated baseline data are urgently needed. 11. With favorable hydrothermal conditions and high vegetation coverage, the area is considered to have strong adaptation potential to climate change, and vulnerability is therefore considered relatively low. In the past 50 years, the average annual temperature has risen (0.35°C/10a), and annual precipitation has declined (-38.27mm/10a). A shift of cold air from the north has seen impacts to rubber and other crops susceptible to frost in the winter months. Overall warming temperatures could lead to an increase in pests and diseases, and the increase in extreme weather events makes rubber and tea production increased uncertainty. 12. In RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 prediction models, the district's average annual precipitation will increase from 1537 mm in 2000 to 1576 mm (RCP4.5) or 1579 mm (RCP8.5) in 2050. Similarly, annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) will increase from 1460 mm in 2000 to 1536 mm (RCP4.5) or 1544 mm (RCP8.5). The annual average Aridity Index (AI) will decrease from 1.06 in 2000 to 1.03 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). 13. It has been suggested that the conversion of tropical rainforest into rubber plantations could affect the local climate. As the tropical climate and the subsequent occurrence of tropical seasonal rainforest in the Area is influenced by the high incidence of foggy days during the dry season (Hua, 1992), a change in fog conditions could influence the long-term future of tropical seasonal rainforest in the Area and result in the decline of species (Huang et al., 2000; Li et al., 2007). It has been reported that the number of foggy days in Jinghong County, which has a high density of rubber plantations, have decreased from 166 days/year in the 1950s to less than 60 days/year in the 1990s. This has been attributed to the difference in water relations between rubber plantations and natural forest (Huang et al., 2000). This potential issue and the implications of climate change requires further consideration. Human Geography 14. The XTR Sub-priority Area includes 13 officially recognized ethnic groups (Yang and Wall, 2014) including: Dai, Hani, Miao, Lahu, Bulang, Yi, Jinou, Wa, Hui, Bai, Zhunag, and Buyi (Chunlin, 1995). The Dai are the most populous group comprising 35% of the total population, while the Han, which is an ethnic minority comprise 25%. .An additional 11 ethnic minorities comprise 33% of the population (Yang and Wall, 2014). 15. Knowledge and preservation of the environment has traditionally been an important part of society and culture in Xishuangbanna (Chunlin, 1995). Historically the indigenous minorities of the area lived in harmony with nature, participating in a culture of using and managing natural landscapes, including shifting cultivation, tea plantations under forest canopies, fuel wood gardens and home garden ecosystems (Yang and Wall, 2014). For example, the Sacred Mountains, which originated from an ancient Dai belief and respect for forest, animals, plants and mountains, became a part of traditional agroecosystem of Xishuangbanna approximately 1000 years ago (Chunlin, 1995). As human activity (e.g. hunting, forestry and planting) is traditionally forbidden in Sacred Mountains, these areas became oases of biodiversity. It is believed that almost every village had a sacred forest before 1958 (Shengji, 2010). At the time there were approximately 1000 sacred forests comprising approximately 5% of Xishuangbanna area. However, in the 1960s and 1970s many Sacred Mountains were destroyed. Chunlin (1995) reported only 400 Sacred Mountains remaining in Xishuangbanna, while later Liu et al. (2002) reported only 250 Sacred Mountains remaining. 16. Tea plantations of the Jinuo ethnic minority also provide another example of living harmoniously with the environment. The tea plantations are structurally and ecologically similar to natural forests. The use of the forest canopy to provide a shaded environment enhances the yield and quality of tea produced as well as preserving the forest canopy and therefore habitats for flora and fauna (Chunlin, 1995). 17. The continuance of living harmoniously with the environment is threatened by increasing population size and economic development, which includes extensive rubber plantations, wildlife poaching, and deforestation (Yang and Wall, 2014). To maintain and enhance the role of traditional beliefs in conserving plant diversity, the Association of Integrating Traditional Beliefs and Plant Conservation was established in 1997. This non-government organization aims to document the traditional botanical knowledge of minority groups, train, educate and encourage local people to understand and use the importance of traditional knowledge in the conservation and biodiversity of the environment (Liu et al., 2002). Opportunities exist to integrate traditional beliefs with environmental conservation and management by building on the success of such organizations. 18. According to the Xishuangbanna Economic and Social Development Report 2010, as reported by Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC, 2011), the service sector was the largest contributor (42.77%) to the Xishuangbanna prefecture's economy. Of this, tourism was the most important contributor. While the primary (agricultural) sector accounted for 27.62% of the economy, and the secondary (industry and construction) sector contributed 29.61%. Of the industrial sector, mining, tea processing, sugar and electricity were the major industries (ibid.). 19. For example, some ethnic minorities practice interplanting of upland rice crops, others preserve the stumps of felled trees for the coming year, and others also utilize water melon and black heart firewood trees to reduce the excessive felling of forests. These traditional resource use patterns can have a positive impact on biodiversity and compare favorably to modern agricultural and forestry practices. However, as the human population and subsequent pressure on the environment increases, re-evaluation of the affects of such practices and potential requirements for management to facilitate balance between traditional practices and conservation should be considered. 20. The regional population density is 66 people/km2, the unit GDP density CNY556400/km2, and education levels are low. Rubber plantations are a critical component of the local economy. However, the expansion of rubber plantations has resulted in significant habitat loss and negatively affected flora, fauna and some ecosystem services (Li et al., 2007). This is discussed further in the Sections below. Strategies to improve conservation of remaining habitats while promoting continued economic development require consideration. Management Initiatives 21. Since the 1980s five nature reserves have been established, which together cover approximately 12% of the Area (Li et al., 2007). There are two designated National Nature Reserves (Xishuangbanna and Nabanhe) and three Provincial Nature Reserves (Nuozadu, Caiyanghe, and Dragon Mountain) in the Area (see Figure 8 for locations). In addition, Xishuangbanna UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve is also included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Figure 8 – Protection Area of Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest Zones

22. The Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve covers an area of 20,700ha. The reserve was founded as a sanctuary in 1958, received national conservation area designation in 1986, and was accepted by UNESCO as a member of the International Man and Biosphere Reserve Network in 1993. 23. The Nature Reserve is composed of five isolated sub-nature reserves: Mengyan, Menglun, Mengla, Shangyong and Mangao (C-L PDR TBCC, 2013). It supports rich flora and fauna, including 3,500 species of higher plants, of which 300 are rare and/or economically important (Nepal, 2000). It also supports 2,100 wildlife species including Elephas maximus, Panthera tigris, Paro muticus, Trachypithecus phayrei and another 108 state key protected species and other critical protection target species (C-L PDR TBCC, 2013). 24. The Reserve is better funded and managed than many other reserves. After significant construction and development, the reserve is managed using standardized and scientific methodologies, and management efforts have been aligned with international, cross-boundary biodiversity conservation programmes (C-L PDR TBCC, 2013). 25. The Nabanhe National Nature Reserve is located northwest of Jinghong City and covers an area of 26,660 ha. The Reserve was established in 1991 for protection of rainforests and wildlife, became a provincial nature reserve in 1997, and at a national level in 2004 (Chongrui, 2007). The main forest types in the reserve are ever-green broad-leaved forest and tropical monsoon forest in humid valleys. The Reserve supports approximately 1,953 species of vascular plants, and 384 species of vertebrates, many of which are under national protection (University of Hohenheim, 2008). 26. The Reserve was assessed as an important bird area by Birdlife International (Birdlife International, 2014), as it supports the endangered (IUCN, 2014) Pavo muticus and Sitta magna, and vulnerable (IUCN, 2014) Aceros nipalensis. Across their range, populations of these species are declining primarily as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation, and poaching/hunting (IUCN, 2014). 27. The importance of the National Nature Reserves in the Area is further highlighted by their inclusion in the Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative (BCI), which was a flagship component the Core Environment Program (CEP) in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (Huabin, 2004). This project undertaken between 2006 and 2008 aimed to accelerate regional sustainable development, and improve and maintain ecological integrity of the National Nature Reserves in Xishuangbanna through management and conservation of biodiversity corridors and core areas. 28. Nuozadu Nature Reserve covers an area of 21,679 ha and was established as a provincial-level nature reserve in 1997. The aims of the reserve are to conserve tropical rainforest ecosystems, tree ferns, Bos gaurus and Elephas maximus. The primary habitat is tropical rainforest and the Reserve is considered an important bird area as it supports Pavo muticus (BirdLife International, 2009). 29. Caiyanghe Nature Reserve covers an area of 14,892 ha including tropical and subtropical forest with an intact core of natural forest surrounded by roughly the same area of degraded, ‘experimental’ buffer (Ingram, 2000). 30. Compared with the two national nature reserves, infrastructure, staffing, management research, international cooperation at the three provincial level reserves seems weak. Widespread illegal poaching is still a significant problem in these reserves. For example, insufficient financial support for management of Nuozadu Nature Reserve has resulted in open access farming, and illegal extraction of timber and non-timber forest products, thereby resulting in loss of half of the Reserves forest cover (Jianchu and Melick, 2007). 31. Although these reserves have been established in the Area, forest cover in the reserves has continued to decline (Li et al., 2007). In addition, the reserves and their sub-units are isolated and sit in a matrix of different land uses, which are often dominated by rubber plantation. The relatively small areas of the reserves, the presence of villages within and adjacent to the reserves, and the lack of connectivity between the reserves does not provide sufficient resources or provision of migration of large mammals (e.g. Elephas maximus), which increases human-animal conflicts and further increases the pressure on declining population numbers (e.g. human-elephant conflict has become a major conservation issue in China (Shu, 2012)). 32. Several flagship plant species in the XTR Sub-priority Area (e.g., Parashorea chinensis, Nyssa yunnanensis, Myristica yunnanensis, Horsfieldia tetratepala) are included in on-going conservation programmes (e.g., the 2009 central government forestry investment schemes, nationwide wild plant protection implementation program). 33. Any conservation programme or specific plans for wildlife species? (e.g., Since 2009, Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve started cooperating with commercial insurance companies to purchase social insurance to compensate crop damages caused by wild elephants in the prefecture. Elephant crop raiding insurance was also introduced in Pu’er by the local forestry department in 2010. Li, 2011. IFAW Programme. H. Key Biodiversity Conservation Issues 34. The following critical biodiversity conservation issues have been identified based on review of baseline data: I. Action Items 35. To address biodiversity conservation issues identified in section XX, a long-list of action items was identified (Appendix XX refers). A shortlist of XX priority action items was identified for inclusion in the five-year plan. These action items are described in the following sections. References Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan (BCAP) (n.d.). Implementation of Conservation Measures. Annex II. BirdLife International (2009). Directory of Important Bird Areas in China (Mainland): Key Sites for Conservation. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International (English language edition). Chongrui, A. (2007). Nabanhe National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau Inaugurated. Accessed on 12 June 2014. China-Lao PDR Transboundary Biodiversity Conservation Collaboration (C-L PDR TBCC) (2013). Introduction on China-Lao PDR Transboundary Biodiversity Conservation Collaboration. 8th PRC –Lao PDR Transboundary Conservation Communication Annual Meeting 27th – 29th November 2013, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. BirdLife International (2014). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Nabanhe Nature Reserve. Accessed on 12 June 2014. Han, L.; Lu, Y.; Han, H. 2009. The status and distribution of green peafowl Pavo muticus in Yunnan Province, China. International Journal of Galliformes Conservation 1: 29-31. Hongmao, L., Zaifu, X., Youkai, X. and Jinxiu, W. (2002). Practice of Conserving Plant Diversity Through Traditional Beliefs: A case Study in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Biodiversity and Conservation. 11:705-713. Hua, Z. (1992). The Tropical Rainforest Vegetation of Xishuangbanna. Chinese Geographical Science. 2(1):64-73. Hua, Z. (2006). Forest Vegetation of Xishuangbanna, South China. Forestry Studies in China. 8(2):1-58. Huabin, H (2008). ADB-GMS-Xishuangbanna Biodiversity Conservation Corridors. Accessed on 18 June 2014. Huang, Y.R., Huang, Y.S. Li, Z.H. and Cheng, B.J. (2000). The Influence of Ecoenvironmental Variation on Fog. Scientia Meteoraolica Sinica. 20:129-135. Ingram, G.B. (2000). Needs assessment for training in design, data format development, management & use of geographic information systems for forest biodiversity conservation with an emphasis on the Caiyanghe Nature Reserve pilot project, Yunnan Province, China. IUCN (2014). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. . Accessed on 12 June 2014. Jianchu, X. and Melick, D. (2007). Towards Community-driven Conservation in Southwest China: Reconciling State and Local Perceptions. ICRAF Working Paper. Nagarjuna Publication (P) Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal. Report submitted to the State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China and Forest Conservation and Community Development Project (FCCDP), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of the Netherlands. Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) (2003) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Damingshan National Nature Reserve, Central Guangxi, China, April and September 2000. (Online Simplified Version). Prepared by Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangxi Forestry Department, Guangxi Institute of Botany and South China Normal University. South China Forest Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 34. Li, Z (2011) Current Status of Asian Elephants in China. Gajah 35 (2011) 43-46 Li, H., Mitchell, T., Ma, Y., Liu, W. and Cao, M. (2007). Demand for Rubber is Causing the Loss of High Biodiversity Rain Forest in SW China. Biodiversity Conservation. 16:1731-1745. Ministry of Culture (2003). Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. Accessed on 13 June 2014. Nepal, S.J. (2000). Case Study 9 Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, China. In Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and Protected Areas Principles, Guidelines and Case Studies. (Eds. Javier Beltrán and Adrian Phillips). Pu, Y.S. and Zhang, Z.Y. (2001). A Strategic Study on Biodiversity Conservation in Xishuangbanna. Journal of Forestry Research. 12(1):25-30. Shu, C. (2012). Mitigating Human-Elephant Conflicts in Xishuangbanna, China. Masters of Science (MSc) Thesis. National University of Singapore. UNEP-WCMC (Comps.) (2013). The Checklist of CITES Species Website. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP- WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Accessed on 17 June 2014. University of Hohenheim (2008). Living Landscapes China. < https://lilac.uni-hohenheim.de/en/project/vision.php> Accessed 12 June 2014 Wang, J.W., Cao, M., Zhang, J.H. and Li, M.H. (2010). Litterfall Production, Decomposition and Nutrient Use Efficiency Varies with Tropical Forest Types in Xishuangbanna, SW China: A 10-Year Study. Plant Soil. 335:271-288. Xiaokun, O. (1997). Characteristics of Protected Plant species in Xishuangbanna. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology. 8(1):65-70. Yongneng, F., Huijin, G., Aiguo, C. and Jinyun, C. (2006). Household Differentiation and On-farm Conservation of Biodiversity by Indigenous Households in Xishuangbanna, China. Biodiversity and Conservation. 15:2687-2703. Zhai, D.L., Ding, J., Xu, J.C., Xiao, X. and Cadisch, G. (2013). Potential of the Multi-Spectral Phenological Metrics from Landsat Imagery to Map Rubber Plantations in Xishuangbanna. Food Centre Security (FSC) Brief No. 23.Zhang, Y.B. and Ma, K.P (2008). Geographic Distribution Patterns and Status Assessment of Threatened Plants in China. Biodiversity Conservation. 17:1783-1798. Zhao, E., (1998) China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals: Amphibia and Reptilia. Science Press, Beijing. Zhu, H., Xu, Z.F. Wang, H. and Li, B.G. (2004). Tropical Rain Forest Fragmentation and its Ecological and Species Diversity Changes in Southern Yunnan. Biodiversity Conservation. 13:1355-1372.Zou, S.Q. (1988). The Vulnerable and Endangered Plants of Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Arnoldia. 48:3-8 APPENDIX 7.2 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP (English Version) The report can be found at the following link: http://u.163.com/2d6riEtd Download code: RPmH0CLB APPENDIX 7.3 – OUTPUT 2: FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR THE YUNNAN BSAP (Chinese Version) The report can be found at the following link: http://u.163.com/UInHkK2I Download code: d7c5ux8Q APPENDIX 8.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (English Version) The report can be found at the following link: http://u.163.com/LPdavwIh Download code: 63HIIfSj APPENDIX 8.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON YUNNAN BIODIVERSITY REPORT (Chinese Summary)

云南气候变化对生物多样性的影响预测及对策措施

（中文总结）

Robert Zomer 博士

王鸣程

山地生态系统研究中心

昆明植物研究所

中国 昆明

2014 年 11 月

.

本项目由亚洲开发银行提供技术援助，AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. 执行。 概述

本报告提供了中国云南省未来气候变化的地理空间量化分析结果，同时预测了气候变化对陆地生

态系统、物种及其保护的潜在影响。本研究是亚行技术援助项目“中华人民共和国云南省生物多样性

保护战略及行动计划（TA46089）”的内容之一。 本报告的空间分析和模型结果是基于云南省生物气候分层统计推算得出。以 1960-2000 年分辨率为 1km 的气象站网格数据平均值作为现状值，利用该生物气候分层和在未来气候参数条件下重建得到的分层，预测并 阐述了到 2050 年气候变化对生物气候分区和分层的空间改变，以及对生态系统和物种的影响。 2050 年生物气候预测是根据降尺度（1 km 空间分辨率）的 CIMP-5 全球气候多模型（模型数为 63）耦合 数据提取的。我们对联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第五次报告中包含的 4 个资源保护方式 （RCP），如 GHG 排放情景等，均进行了模拟和分析，得到了一系列图表，给出了气候预测参数和影响范围 的变化幅度。 气候变化的地理空间分析覆盖了整个云南省，包括云南省生物多样性保护战略与行动计划（BSAP）18 个 优先区域中的 15 个区域，以及云南省自然保护区系统。该分析旨在帮助我们更好地理解气候变化对云南陆地 生态系统和生物多样性保护的潜在影响，同时对各个优先区的具体情况进行了分析。研究成果以工作报告的形 式呈现，包括多种数据和图表，详细分析请参考英文版报告全文及其附录。

结果总结

总体上看，研究结果表明云南的生物气候在空间分布上可能发生迅速且剧烈的变化，同时所有情景模拟结 果均显示，在未来的一段时间内各个物种及生态系统的生物物理扰动可能会显著增加。 到 2050 年，云南省内所有 BASP 优先区和保护区的生物气候和生态系统会出现快速且明显的气候变化。 到 2049 年时（最保守的估计为 2070 年），云南许多地区可能会经历前所未有的生物气候变化。 预测表明，到 2050 年由于气温升高、气候异常、生物气候（尤其是山地）空间转变，云南陆地生态系统、 生物物种及生态系统服务功能可能受到显著影响。同时受影响的还包括云南许多保护区及其他生物多样性保护 措施的成效，因为这些区域的气候条件可能会变得不再适合现有物种的生存，或者促使一些入侵种、竞争物种 扩大其生态位。 由于云南省某些珍稀濒危物种栖息地的破碎化以及自然分布的狭域性，如果不加强栖息地的保护，未来长 时间的气候波动和生态异常可能导致适宜其生存的栖息地丧失，从而引起物种灭绝。 目前亟待认识的核心问题是云南正在经历迅速的气候变化，需要尽快制定相关的适应和保护计划与政策。 研究的主要发现如下。

主要发现

3.1 云南

所有的 RCP 排放情景模拟均表明，目前的增温趋势很可能会加速，整个云南都将更加炎热。到 2050 年， 云南省年平均温度预计上升 1.6～2.5°C 云南将成为全国乃至整个东亚地区增温最快的区域之一。就云南省内而言，西部和西北部地区可能成为增 温最迅速的区域。在云南的 16 个州（市）中，怒江、大理和保山的增温最快。在 RCP8.5 情景模拟条件下， 到 2050 年云南西北部地区的年均温度增幅最大，达到 3.0 °C，年均最低温和最高温都将上升。 尽管模型模拟表明整个云南省未来的降水量略有增加，但过去 50 年持续观测资料却呈现出降水量减少的 趋势。总体上，各个模型得到的降水量预测值有很大的差异性，因此其不确定性很高；相比之下，温度的预测 值在各模型间的差异相对较小，具有较高的置信度。 本研究识别了云南省现有的 9 个主要生物气候区和 33 个生物气候分层，范围从极端炎热和潮湿的低海拔 区域至极端寒冷和干燥的高海拔区域。预计到 2050 年，各生物气候区的面积和平均海拔都有可能发生显著改 变。极端湿热、干热以及极端干热等区域的面积可能会大幅度增加。 热带森林的分布范围会扩大，然而也意味着橡胶树等热作经济植物的适宜生长区扩大，热带森林可能面临 被砍伐的威胁。到 2050 年适合种植橡胶的区域，其分布海拔高度界限将上升 300m，覆盖西双版纳地区 75% 的面积。 温暖湿润区域以及高海拔的寒冷区域的面积可能会显著缩小，这些地区的物种和生态系统将受到威胁。由 于相关生态类型的分层可能大幅减少，较高海拔的高山及亚高山的温带森林的生物多样性会面临较高风险。所 有的生物气候区都呈现平均海拔上升的趋势，范围从 284 米到 414 米。

3.2 BSAP 优先区

对于 15 个优先区，在 RCP4.5 情景模拟中，到 2050 年，年平均温度将增加 2. 0～2.2°C，在 RCP8.5 情 景模拟中将增加 2.3～2.7°C，其中位于西北和西部的地区表现出最大的增幅。 冷温带针叶林区变暖最快，其次是湿润常绿阔叶林区和暖温带针叶林区。在 RCP4.5 情景模拟下，到 2070 年，所有优先区的气候都将发生前所未有的改变，而在 RCP8.5 情景模拟下，这一日期将提前到 2049 年。 对于所有的 BSAP 优先区域，预计在 2050 年其生物气候区的平均海拔和面积均会发生大幅改变。且优先 区域内的所有生物气候区都呈现出平均海拔上升的趋势，范围在 195m 至 400m 以上，在 RCP8.5 情景模拟条 件下，所有区域海拔上移的平均值为 356 m。在 RCP8.5 情景模拟条件下，优先区出现生物气候区转换的面积 占总面积的 23～80%以上。同样，生物气候分层的转换面积可达 83～100%。

3.3 保护区网络

据报道，至 2012 年底，云南省内共有 159 个自然保护区，总面积达 28,300 km2。本次空间分析覆盖了 其中 23,000 km2 以上的面积，包含了国家级和省级自然保护区。总的来说到 2050 年，云南省预计将有 56% 的保护区转变为不同的生物气候区，保护区总面积的 93%将转变为不同的生物气候分层（RCP8.5 情景模拟条 件下）。保护区最大的单个生物气候区是湿度适中的暖温带，其次是湿度适中的热带。 两个最温暖的生物气候区面积将大幅增加。而两个最冷的生物气候区将明显缩小，意味着到 2050 年能在 这些较冷区域生存的物种可能会减少。生物气候区平均海拔的上升高度（RCP8.5 模拟情景下）达 249 m 甚至 超过 500 m。保护区内的生物气候区平均海拔上升高度为 379 m。 最冷的分层面积将减少，且所有地区的分层均会出现显著变化。到 2050 年，云南省保护区内生物气候分 层的海拔平均值预计变化 403 m（RCP8.5 模拟情景下）。 8 个优先区覆盖了超过 13,000 km2 的保护区面积(整个云南省的保护区面积为 23,000 km2)，也就是说超 过云南省保护区面积的 55%的区域位于优先区域内。其中云岭山脉和金沙江的栖息地多样性最高。BASP 优先 区域的保护区内生物气候区海拔平均值预计变化 304 m。 应对气候变化的生物多样性保护策略

基于对气候变化的预测以及规划决策的科学实践经验，一系列的行动和工具可运用于应对不同尺度和程度 的气候变化。Mawdsley 等(2009)确定了 16 种与生物多样性保护直接相关的适应策略。这些策略可以划分为以 下 4 个范畴： 土地与水资源的保护及管理 物种直接管理 监测和规划 法律与政策

4.1 土地和水资源的保护及管理策略

增加保护区面积 加强保护区网络栖息地的代表性和可复制性 加强保护区管理和修复，提升保护区抗压能力 设计新的自然保护区，修复栖息地，提升保护区适应能力 保护生物迁徙廊道、踏脚石和庇护所 管理和恢复生态系统功能而不仅仅关注特定物种或群体 通过增加景观渗透率，提升物种迁移可能性，改善环境基质

4.2 物种直接管理策略

增加濒危物种的保护投入 对有灭绝风险的物种进行迁地保护或人工繁殖 降低除气候变化外的影响

4.3 监测和规划策略

加强野生动物和生态系统监测和评估 将气候变化的影响预测与物种、土地管理规划、项目和活动相结合 制定动态的景观保护计划 确保将生物多样性保护需求纳入全社会的气候变化响应规划

4.4 法律和政策策略

回顾和修订与野生动物和自然资源管理有关的现存法律、规章制度 在制定保护计划时，应该针对云南省每个 BSAP 优先区域的特定情景和它们面对的特定保护问题及挑战， 采取策略和行动。然而，考虑到其他土地利用也正在发生变化并且带来一定的限制条件，我们建议应在早期阶 段即开始探索增加景观的连通性和渗透性，并扩大保护区范围。 APPENDIX 9.1 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (English Version) Full versions of the brochures can be found at the ink below. Low-resolution copies are presented below for ease of reference: http://u.163.com/YwJBr3th Download code: NTJXwiWT VII. VIII. IX. APPENDIX 9.2 – OUTPUT 2: KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT: BROCHURES (Chinese Version) Full versions of the brochures can be found at the ink below. Low-resolution copies are presented below for ease of reference: http://u.163.com/Ng1Ffacf Download code: Q49cZD3R

APPENDIX 10 – OUTPUT 3: GOVERNMENT CAPACITY IN CONSERVATION PLANNING STRENGTHENED: SUPPORTING MATERIAL

TRAINING EVALUATION SHEET 亚行技术援助—云南省生物多样性保护战略与行动计划培训效果评估表 培训课程： 培训讲师： 培训地点： 培训时间： 年 月 日 一、评估者基本信息： 姓名： 单位/部门： 职务/职称： 岗位：

二、课程满意度调查： 最终评估分 评估项目 好 较好 差 建议

课程准备是否完整、美观 培 课件内容设计的合理性 训 课程内容是否有针对性 内 课程内容的实用性 容 课程中的互动性 授课时间安排的合理性 讲 专业水平 授课技巧 师 语言表达及用语准确规范 表 同学员的沟通与互动 培训的收获现 培训的整体评价 你最需要培训的知识和技能？

本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？

其它建议： STATISTICAL TABLE OF EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 1 较好 实收 Collected 评估项目 好 Good Relatively 差 Poor questionnaires Good 课程准备是否完整、美观 45 10 0 课件内容设计的合理性 46 10 0 培训内 课程内容是否有针对性 48 8 0 容 课程内容的实用性 43 13 0 课程中的互动性 26 30 1 授课时间安排的合理性 43 13 0 56 专业水平 50 6 0 讲师表 授课技巧 27 28 0 现 语言表达及用语准确规范 36 19 1 同学员的沟通与互动 31 23 1 培训的收获 35 14 1 培训的整体评价 37 12 1

您最需要培训的知识和技能？

1 如何保护濒危生物，特别是贫困地区的濒危生物的保护；

2 针对云南省的生物多样性保护情况 3 生物多样性保护基本常识 4 如何利用生物多样性来促进地方经济发展 5 生物多样性的产业布局开发政策、规定、鼓励措施等 6 生物多样性的价值评估和产业开发潜能前景 7 生物多样性保护研究工作中最需要解决的科技问题是什么，将如何去开展研究工作 8 生物多样性保护的国家政策及具体投资导向

本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？ 1 了解云南生物多样性情况 2 生物多样性保护的迫切性 3 了解了云南生物多样性保护的战略与政策 4 基本了解了重点物种的保护

其他建议： 1 课程专业性过强，建议引用案例来阐述 2 讲座可具体到州市 3 强化政策建议方面的内容 4 纯学术可压缩，结合实际 建议省委省政府把生物产业园区布局建设尽快列入议事决策论证议程，促进云南生物多样性 5 保护实现保护中开发，开发中保护 6 增加课件的生动性，比如利用视频等 7 内容太多 APPENDIX 3: STATISTICAL TABLE OF EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 2 评估项目 好 较好 差 实收 课程准备是否完整、美观 58 7 0 课件内容设计的合理性 58 7 0 课程内容是否有针对性 57 8 0 培训内容 课程内容的实用性 56 9 0 课程中的互动性 51 11 2 授课时间安排的合理性 56 8 0 65 专业水平 60 5 0 授课技巧 53 12 0 讲师表现 语言表达及用语准确规范 50 15 0 同学员的沟通与互动 48 13 2 培训的收获 46 16 0 培训的整体评价 52 9 0

您最需要培训的知识和技能？

1 如何保护濒危珍稀物种，尤其是在项目评估和环评过程中。 2 生物多样性保护方面的知识 3 生态保护规划、实施方案编制的知识 （如何编制等） 4 如何申报生物多样性保护项目 5 野生食用菌保护与人工栽培技术 6 保护行动的具体内容，如何在基层做好保护工作 7 当地生物多样性特征

本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？ 1 生物多样性知识的了解（概念和内涵、重要性、迫切性） 2 保护战略与行动计划，以及优先区；为项目申报奠定了基础 3 重要物种的保护

其他建议： 1 多组织类似培训，增加实地考察内容 2 文字太多，不够生动形象，需改进 EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(A) – FIRST DAY 评估项目 好 较好 差 实收 课程准备是否完整、美观 47 5 0 课件内容设计的合理性 47 5 0 课程内容是否有针对性 47 5 0 培训内容 课程内容的实用性 43 9 0 课程中的互动性 37 14 1 授课时间安排的合理性 45 7 0 52 专业水平 47 5 0 授课技巧 46 6 0 讲师表现 语言表达及用语准确规范 45 7 0 同学员的沟通与互动 41 9 1 培训的收获 42 10 0 培训的整体评价 45 7 0

您最需要培训的知识和技能？ 1 物种的识别 2 如何选取申报生物多样性保护项目资金； 3 具体申报项目细化方案编制案例和细化各县市具体保护类别； 4 基层环保部门需要学习的工作流程和具体工作事项； 5 标准化格式的项目申报程序 6 生物多样性保护基础知识（如分布等） 7 生物多样性保护项目管理 8 生物多样性保护项目库如何储备才能更有效果 9 环保部门开展生物多样性保护工作的重点内容和工作措施； 10 少数民族文化遗产的保护知识 11 编制生物多样性保护行动计划的具体方法、步骤和提纲样本

本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？ 1 加深对生物多样性的理解 2 认识了当地特别需要保护的物种及区域的识别 3 地方生物多样性保护实施方案编制指导和项目申报 4 需要保护的动植物名录 5 对生物多样性保护战略的了解（重点领域和行动）

其他建议： 1 理论与实践相结合，增加案例分析的讲解 2 加强授课人与学员间的互动，增进学员之间的交流沟通和相互学习 3 加大资金及项目扶持力度，在近 5 年内加大对本地生物多样性保护，使之落到实处 能否提供生物多样性专家名单，以备编制生物多样性保护项目实施方案时联系和交 4 流 5 组织些实地培训及学习 6 加强生物多样性保护知识和技能培训 召开类似的培训会，进一步分析全省生物多样性保护现状，为地方提供信息、技术 7 等指导 8 加强对基层环保管理人员多进行一些相关专业技能和管理能力的培训 9 到典型、生物多样性保护工作做得好的地方考察学习 10 结合当地实际，加强培训深度 11 多组织生态保护相关培训 EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(A) – SECOND DAY 评估项目 好 较好 差 实收 课程准备是否完整、美观 37 3 0 课件内容设计的合理性 37 3 0 课程内容是否有针对性 36 4 0 培训内容 课程内容的实用性 37 3 0 课程中的互动性 35 5 0 授课时间安排的合理性 36 4 0 40 专业水平 37 3 0 授课技巧 33 7 0 讲师表现 语言表达及用语准确规范 35 5 0 同学员的沟通与互动 34 6 0 培训的收获 33 6 0 培训的整体评价 35 4 0

您最需要培训的知识和技能？ 1 国际生物多样性保护工作合作交流方式、途径等方面的知识和技能 2 更具体的生物多样性保护管理的实际应用和操作 3 国际上生物多样性保护的技术与经验 4 如何与其他部门共同推进生物多样性保护的技巧和方法； 5 生物多样性保护的具体做法和基层开展规划编制等经验（编制细则） 6 小飞机遥感技术装备的配备和实际应用（GIS 和遥感的具体应用） 7 当地生物多样性知识 8 生物多样性保护战略的制定与实施

本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？ 对各国生物多样性保护工作有了初步了解，一些好的做法有借鉴价值；（民众参 1 与，社会各界人士共同保护） 2 了解了更多关于多样性保护的经验； 3 生物多样性保护的科学方法 4 生物多样性相关知识和保护措施等 5 小飞机遥感技术、GIS 的了解 6 了解了保护战略和行动计划

其他建议： 云南与多国接壤，国际间生物多样性保护合作交流工作十分重要，希望能组织开展 1 国际间的合作互助，建立有效的机制和平台，共同促进生物多样性保护工作； 2 对国际上的经验再做一些深入拓展 3 生物多样性保护项目政策向基层适当倾斜； 4 多开展理论与实践的学习和操作 5 对环保系统监察、监测人员进行专业的 3S 知识培训，包括基础知识和应用 6 采取会议培训和实地考察相结合的方法，增强学习的现实效果 7 野外定位及采集系统能尽快分配到县一级，并应用到保护工作中 EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(B) – FIRST DAY 评估项目 好 较好 差 实收 课程准备是否完整、美观 33 3 0 课件内容设计的合理性 32 5 0 课程内容是否有针对性 31 6 0 培训内容 课程内容的实用性 31 6 0 课程中的互动性 24 12 1 授课时间安排的合理性 32 4 0 37 专业水平 33 4 0 授课技巧 30 7 0 讲师表现 语言表达及用语准确规范 34 3 0 同学员的沟通与互动 24 12 0 培训的收获 24 8 0 培训的整体评价 27 5 0

您最需要培训的知识和技能？ 1 动植物监测样地的选择、监测方法及数据整理 2 自然保护管理对策 3 野生动植物的特性、习性和分布等 4 动植物的识别和调查方法 5 保护区管理中保护与发展矛盾的解决；调解矛盾的方法和技巧； 6 社区共管 7 项目的选定及项目书的编制等 8 如何建立简单的保护数据平台 9 湿地水文、鸟类观测等专业知识 10 生态旅游 11 现地培训

本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？ 1 了解一些动物情况 2 生物多样性保护以及动植物物种的保护 3 了解了生物多样性保护行动计划 4 物种调查监测方法及案例 5 了解了国际经验和实用的技术方法； 6 此次培训促进了保护区各部门间的沟通交流

其他建议： 1 时间应安排 2 小时左右，以便教师有时间举一些实例 2 大力推广宣传，落实保护战略行动 3 多讲案例 4 多讲调查方法 5 加强基层保护区管理部门的基础设施建设，配置些野外监测、宣传设备； 6 增加国内好的经验案例 7 多开展此类培训，增加实地考察 8 专业技能知识深度、广度不够，时间短了 9 行动计划对滇东北地区的保护区资源未有提及，不够全面 EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CLASS 3(B) – SECOND DAY 评估项目 好 较好 差 实收 课程准备是否完整、美观 38 7 0 课件内容设计的合理性 35 10 0 课程内容是否有针对性 40 5 0 培训内容 课程内容的实用性 34 10 0 课程中的互动性 36 9 0 授课时间安排的合理性 32 13 0 45 专业水平 38 7 0 授课技巧 34 11 0 讲师表现 语言表达及用语准确规范 39 6 0 同学员的沟通与互动 31 14 0 培训的收获 32 8 0 培训的整体评价 31 9 0

您最需要培训的知识和技能？ 1 深入了解和掌握社区共管，社区参与保护区管理的有效途径 2 自然保护区管理 ，解决贫困与保护的矛盾 3 与保护区相关的法律知识 4 社区共管的设计和实施 5 国际先进经验和技能

本次培训哪些内容对你帮助最大？ 1 社区共管的理念 自然保护区管理经验及社区共管，如合理利用资源，实现可持续发展，解决贫困问 2 题 3 社区参与生物多样性保护的必要性

其他建议： 1 针对云南生物多样性实际情况，重点对如何保护和监管进行培训 2 多举实例，增强理解 3 多办类似培训，内容更具体，针对性更强 4 缺少如何实施社区共管 X. CLASS 1 ATTENDEES CLASS 2 ATTENDEES

CLASS 3(a) ATTENDEES 所在州 州市、重点县环 姓名 单位 职务 联系电话 市 保局名单 昆明市 昆明市环保局 董丽琼 昆明市环保局 自然生态处长 13987104208 杨育华 环科院 生态中心副主任 13888021633 和兰娣 环科院 高工 15887289721 玉溪市 玉溪市环保局 何亚东 玉溪市环保局 科长 18087771555 曲靖市环保局 李红琳 曲靖市环保局 科长 13769750199 曲靖市 李国正 师宗县环保局 科长 13577399096 师宗县环保局 李华平 师宗县环保局 驾驶员 楚雄州 楚雄州环保局 董廷伟 楚雄州环保局 科长 15974799810 文山州环保局 王 卉 文山州环境保护局 科长 13908764388 文山市环保局 雷 涛 文山市环境保护局 局长 13887639050 高发能 文山市环境保护局 科长 13628764387 西畴县环保局 邓国孝 西畴县环境保护局 股长 13887666973 文山州 麻栗坡县环保局 赵凯艳 麻栗坡县环境保护局 股长 13577626748 马关县环保局 孙仲祥 马关县环境保护局 股长 15394998179 富宁县环保局 冉顺利 富宁县环境保护局 股长 15008821199 广南县环保局 唐 飞 广南县环境保护局 股长 13628764387 红河州环保局 刘梅 红河州环保局 副局长 13808776346 红河州 河口县环保局 何跃魁 红河州环保局 驾驶员 蒙自市环保局 吕云峰 蒙自市环保局 自然生态科长 13887382329 所在州 州市、重点县环 姓名 单位 职务 联系电话 市 保局名单 屏边县环保局 杨雪莲 屏边县环保局 自然生态科长 15925380783 元阳县环保局 孟国燕 元阳县环保局 自然生态科长 13769389588 红河县环保局 李梅 红河县环保局 自然生态科长 18987330096 金平县环保局 石磊 金平县环保局 自然生态科长 13408964957 金平县环保局 翁明 金平县环保局 驾驶员 绿春县环保局 王健 绿春县环保局 自然生态科长 13887388675 河口县环保局 黄正斌 河口县环保局 自然生态科长 13769392715 昭通市 昭通市环保局 张选碧 昭通市环保局 自然生态科长 临沧市 临沧市环保局 石和梅 临沧市环保局 科长 13988318872 普洱市环保局 王 冰 普洱市环保局 生态科副科长 13466172996 思茅区环保局 毕 波 普洱市思茅区环保局 生态股股长 15087909639 普洱市 墨江县环保局 徐 平 普洱市墨江县环保局 生态股股长 13769900399 刘祯红 普洱市镇沅县环保局 生态股股长 15925251435 江城县环保局 李芳明 普洱市江城县环保局 生态股股长 15125667159 西双版纳州环保 西双版纳州环境保护 王 东 自然生态科科长 13887915355 西双版 局 局 纳州 景洪市环保局 罗 蒂 景洪市环境保护局 自然生态股科员 13988111597 勐腊县环保局 龚尚林 勐腊县环境保护局 自然生态股股长 13368811117 德宏州环保局 赵新建 德宏州环保局 自然生态科科长 13988264925 李静 芒市环境保护局 副局长 13908820036 德宏州 李金发 盈江县环保局 法规宣教股股长 13988255196 包槟槟 瑞丽市环保局 办公室干部 13987026489

大理州环保局 杨国威 大理州环保局 主任科员 13887299408

大理市环保局 闫吉光 大理市环保局 主任科员 15087286313 云龙县环保局 杨晓燕 云龙县环保局 生态股长 15887363172 大理州 宾川县环保局 董立宾 宾川县环保局 生态股长 13368728058 剑川县环保局 赵宽跃 剑川县环保局 生态股长 13368728058 鹤庆县环保局 冯宝生 鹤庆县环保局 主任科员 13887228768 洱源县环保局 杨训琴 洱源县环保局 生态股长 15187234523 保山市环保局 李明彦 保山市环保局 自然生态科科长 13708751089 熊丽珍 保山市环保局 负责科员 13238650168 保山市 隆阳区环保局 李莉华 隆阳区环保局 科长 13987511507 腾冲县环保局 李姜 腾冲县环保局 科长 13887820155 怒江州环保局 广七妞 怒江州环境保护局 科长 13988669229 泸水县环保局 万志双 泸水县环境保护局 科员 13508861221 怒江州 福贡县环保局 叶 游 福贡县环境保护局 股长 18908863548 贡山县环保局 张 玮 贡山县环境保护局 办事员 13988611184 兰坪县环保局 李映鹏 兰坪县环保保护局 股长 13508863337 丽江市环保局 熊平 丽江市环保局 科长 13988818026 古城区环保局 杨四花 古城区环保局 科员 13908884335 丽江市 玉龙县环保局 赵国忠 玉龙县环保局 局长 13013384054 宁蒗县环保局 马丛芬 宁蒗县环保局 办公室副主任 15126088335 迪庆州环保局 和国富 迪庆州环保局 科员 13988765749 迪庆州 香格里拉县环保 程汉鹤 香格里拉县环保局 技术人员 13320433233 局 所在州 州市、重点县环 姓名 单位 职务 联系电话 市 保局名单 德钦县环保局 李雪松 德钦县环境保护局 技术人员 13988785265 维西县环保局 和一中 维西县环保局 局长 13988712346 CLASS 3(b) ATTENDEES 所在州 自然保护 级别 姓名 单位 职务 电话 市 区名称 轿子山 国家 赵枝旺 处长 13577020406 昆明市 熊光锦 磷化集团 副科长 15925175484 元江 国家 李国松 副局长 13987758787 玉溪市 哀牢山 国家 白 波 科员 13987760430 张耀 所长 13988934722 富源十八 省级 专业技术人 连山 段志强 13618846238 员 会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保 林盛 13577466627 护区管理局 会泽黑颈 会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保 曲靖市 国家 代红炀 15398745109 鹤 护区管理局 会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保 包玉标 13769735333 护区管理局 谢靖 沾益县林业局 15087409679 海峰 省级 何浩 沾益县林业局 15288009060 珠江源 省级 任权 沾益县旅游局 13769505801 紫溪山 省级 李祖文 紫溪山 办公室主任 13769286973 郑晓华 广通雕翎山 副场长 13578404467 楚雄州 广通雕翎 省级 刘洪明 广通雕翎山 林区主任 13987860133 山 杨永文 广通雕翎山 驾驶员 文山国家级自然保护区管 文山 国家 罗跃忠 局长 13887639661 理局老君山分局 麻栗坡老 麻栗坡老山省级自然保护 省级 伙国勇 所长 13577675238 山 区管理局 文山州 马关老君 省级 王标祥 马关老君山保护区管理局 副局长 13095383666 山 马关古林 马关古林箐省级自然保护 省级 刘洪良 副场长 18987624698 箐 区管理局 自然生态科 张贵良 大围山河口管理局 13649606556 红河州 大围山 国家 长 白松民 大围山河口管理局 驾驶员 大山包 国家 卢楚雄 大山包黑颈鹤 科员 15925076953 黑颈鹤 昭通市 乌蒙山 国家 刘睿 乌蒙山 科员 18287030202 药山国家级自然保护区管 保护工作人 药山 国家 何明超 15287095575 理局 员 永德大雪 国家 李小平 永德大雪山 股长 13578431496 山 临沧市 南滚河 国家 李和斌 南滚河 局长 13578432767 南捧河省级自然保护区管 南捧河 省级 何映成 主任 13988323034 理局

无量山 国家 云南太阳河省级自然保护 徐崇华 所 长 13508790753 区管理局科研所 普洱市 云南省糯扎渡自然保护区 胡玉芳 管理员 13759038776 糯扎渡 省级 思茅管理所 郭建明 澜沧县林业局（糯扎渡保 保护负责人 13769907255 所在州 自然保护 级别 姓名 单位 职务 电话 市 区名称 护区澜沧片区） 云南威远江省级自然保护 周 亦 所 长 13987092507 管理所 威远江 省级 云南威远江省级自然保护 饶兴良 驾驶员 13769906281 管理所 孟连县林业局（竜山保护 13987924116； 孟连竜山 省级 叶罕根 所 长 区） [email protected] 西双版纳州国家级自然保 科研所副所 西双版纳 国家 郭贤明 13988136926 西双版 护局管理局 长 纳州 纳板河流域国家级自然保 纳版河 国家 普文才 高级工程师 13988183456 护区管理局 张友兵 德宏州林业局保护办 主任 18908822018 德宏州 铜壁关 国家 云南省铜壁关自然保护区 林丽鸿 所长 18608829660 管理所 时国彩 工程师 13988523651 无量山 国家 李懋芬 工程师 15894503385 张永寿 云南天池保护区管理局 副局长 18087299833 云龙天池 国家 张琦波 云南天池保护区管理局 驾驶员 苍山洱海国家级自然保护 大理州 李宁波 负责人 13987256592 苍山洱海 国家 区管理处 张林源 巍山县林业局野保站 副站长 13769220317 剑湖湿地 省级 杨连华 助理工程师 13577851988 永平金光 永平县金光寺自然保护区 省级 王永兴 野保办主任 13988511369 寺 管理所 高黎贡山 国家 施晓春 科长 13887807098 保山市 小黑山 省级 胡兴润 副高 13887834479 北海湿地 省级 张蔚 所长 13648754372 高黎贡山 国家 杨菊芬 怒江州林业局 女 13988632262 怒江州 兰坪云岭 省级 赵娟钧 兰坪县林业局 女 13988658000 泸沽湖 省级 李金明 丽江市 拉市海 省级 和云峰 副局长 13988845971 玉龙雪山 省级 和国新 局长 13988896662 唐辉美 技术人员 18908878843 白马雪山 国家 格桑 助工 13988760216 迪庆州 纳帕海 省级 李玉英 纳帕海 技术人员 碧塔海 省级 杨荣 碧塔海 技术人员 哈巴雪山 省级 木珊 哈巴雪山 技术人员 15894377011