Great Barrier Island Anniversary Weekend 25 28 January 2002 Ewen Cameron Helen Preston Jones Graeme Jane Mike Wilcox Thirty five Bot Soccers travelled out on the "Jet Raider" on Friday evening in pleasant calm conditions and on arrival at Tryphena located our gear (except for 1 bag) in the dark and bussed to the Crossroads Backpackers at Claris. Ewen Cameron was leader Mei Nee Lee took the bookings Maureen Young was Camp Mother (food) and Paul Asquith was the Cellarmaster.

The Party Enid Asquith Quentin Blackshaw Fran Hinz Garry McSweeney Doug Shaw Paul Asquith Jan Butcher Graeme Jane Jenny McSweeney Ann Sullivan Mitchell Beazley Ewen Cameron Sandra Jones Colleen Pilcher Bob White Olivia Beazley Lisa Clapperton Mei Nee Lee Helen Preston Jones Mike Wilcox Ross Beever Georgie Gardner Alistair MacArthur Carol Ralph Nancy Wilcox Steve Benham Peter Goodwin Jo Mackay CJ Ralph Pam Wilcox Daphne Blackshaw Gael Doughy Carol McSweeney Juliet Richmond Maureen Young

Introduction (by Ewen Cameron) & allies 121 Great Barrier Island is about 40 km long x 15 km Conifers 13 across at the widest point covering c.285 square km Dicot trees & shrubs 132 making it New Zealands fifth largest island by area. Mistletoes 3 Yet it supports a native vascular flora >570 species Dicot herbs 112 (see Table 1 and Appendix 1) which is 45% greater Dicot climbers 20 than that of the Chatham Islands (NZ's 4th largest Monocot climbers 2 island) and only 4% less than the native flora of Grasses 32 Stewart Island (NZ's 3rd largest island) (Cameron Orchids 49 2001). Cook aptly named the island as its length truly Other monocots 92 acts as a barrier for the Hauraki Gulf. Sandy beaches Totals on the exposed east coast are in marked contrast to 576 the deep drowned river valleys (harbours) of the west Table 1: Native vascular flora of Great Barrier Island side that support tall mangroves {Avicennia marina) & associated islands; hybrids excluded. along their sheltered margins. Numerous small islands large scale clearances including: those by pre and islets nestle close to Great Barrier the largest uropean Maori European mining for precious metals being Kaikoura Island (564 ha) forming Fitzroy logging and gum digging followed by fire and farming. Harbour and Rakitu (Arid) Island (350 ha) being the The nutrient deficient soils resulted in much of the only sizeable island on the eastern side. cleared land reverting to manuka {Leptospermum scoparium). Today most of the Barrier forests are still In the past Great Barriers vegetation suffered many regenerating from past clearances resulting in kanuka

76 {Kunzea ericoides) being the most abundant woody early a few carried on well into the small hours keeping species on the island. But on some of the poor soils the locals on their toes. low manuka may still dominate. Even the tall northern forests of Te Paparahi in the north are regenerating Tall semi wild pines {Pinus spp.) surround the as indicated by the scattered appearance of tall Backpackers at Claris a mixture of regenerating tea kanuka. tree and paddocks. A very sandy soil as we were not far from the beach. On the winding bus trip to the Great Barrier Island lacks possums but feral goats start of the track (320m asl) the native bush closed in (since Cook?) and pigs have been present for a long around the road as we gained height. All height gained time. The goats particularly have highly modified areas was welcome as Hirakimata summit is 627 rn asl. of forest especially in Te Paparahi where they have recently been eradicated. Because its an island with The local DoC ranger David Agnew and his three only some 1OOO residents many environmental weeds year old son Phoenix met us. David had previously common elsewhere in NZ are either absent or very been stationed on Little Barrier and specialises in local on Great Barrier (most weeds begin as garden threatened species. (Phoenixs upbringing in hilly ornamentals). The island supports some 75 nationally country was evident as he lasted the trip a lot better or regionally threatened and uncommon vascular than some of the party although he was carried for a species and two endemic shrubs. It is also the considerable distance!). We began walking at 9am. stronghold for several threatened bird and lizard Windy Canyon lived up to its name the wind being species and Hochstetter's frog. Great Barrier is funnelled between towering cliffs. The area is part of recognised by the Department of Conservation (DoC) an eroded rhyolite dome and the steep cliffs were as a key conservation area and it administers nearly densely covered with rata vines including 66% Auckland City Council administers another 10 % Metrosideros perforata in flower wind pruned and and several private landowners now actively hugging the rock faces. "Awe inspiring" Daphne. A controlling plant and animal pests on their own land. few of M. fulgens were also in flower rather Cameron (1985) summarised its natural values when out of season. Other vegetation clung in damp documenting a case for better protection for the crevices including lanata. This small tree natural areas. fern has an interesting Auckland distribution because it is absent from the Auckland mainland Little Barrier The object of the Bot Soc trip was to visit as many and is uncommon on the Coromandel Peninsula. Views different habitats as possible: forest shrubland hot from the narrow stepped and board walked track were pools freshwater wetlands estuarine habitats and sand spectacular out over extensive bush clad slopes of the dunes. The traverse of Hirakimata (Mt Hobson) has to central high ground or out to the east coast. Tui and be the most diverse and spectacular botanical walk in kaka were heard and further along the track a the Auckland region; Te Ahumata plateau (Whitecliffs) kakariki (red fronted?) was seen. has stunted vegetation on mineral rich soil; hot pools are bordered by lush vegetation; Kaitoke wetland is Having climbed steeply through the narrow Windy the largest and probably the most unmodified wetland in Canyon fissures the vegetation changed. Here we the Auckland region; and Whangapoua has wonderful found a shrubland of wind shorn kanuka Kunzea zonation of estuarine vegetation and is probably the best sinclairii noticeable for its often prostrate form and unmodified estuary in northern NZ. The accommodation grey green foliage due to the silvery hairs the limited the trip to 35 people. rounded leathery leaved of Olearia allomii (the last two shrubs both unique to Great Barrier) Pseudopanax discolor and mairehau {Leionema Day 1: 26 Jan: Traverse of Hirakimata (Mt nudum). Schizaea fistulosa (common) and non bifid 5. Hobson) (by Helen Preston Jones) bifida were found (by those who had "got their eye in" This started early; it was to be a long day (Ewen Maureen) together with the summer flowering estimated it would be an 8 hr tramp). Breakfast over; orchid Orthoceras novae zeelandiae. Four species of sandwiched up our party of 34 (1 member left behind club mosses were common {Lycopodium deutero­ still recovering from a strenuous South Island tramp) densum L volubile Lycopdiella cernua and L later­ led by Ewen expert on things Barrier boarded two local alis). There were extensive areas of Loxsoma buses to take us to the start of the trip which was to be cunninghamii "Oh that luscious Loxsoma" Enid. the traverse of Hirakimata. We started from the NE side Other species that stood out were Gahnia and climbed up through Windy Canyon to lunch on the xanthocarpa very sharp and shiny green tussocks islands summit Hirakimata before descending steeply Sticherus flabellatus also bright green and shining in past two kauri dams to reach the road end near Port the sun the much duller umbrella fern 5. Fitzroy. Here waiting buses brought us back to the cunninghamii. Occasional kauri {) Crossroads Backpackers and we freshened up before emerged through the dense vegetation as did wandering round to the neighbouring Claris Club to EAT Halocarpus kirkii mainly in juvenile form (large OUT. A first for a Bot Soc trip! Definitely saved on the leaved) but with some usefully showing the adult form cooking and the duties. While most of the party retired (scale leaves) on higher branches for comparison.

77 In this shrubby area Ewen rescued an adult black epiphytes the fern ally Tmesipteris tannensis with petrel (a summer nester now restricted to the two those upward boats (sporangia) on the upper stem Barrier Islands) that had crash landed the night leaves stood out and more Dicksonia lanata were before and become hung up in a tea tree by its wing present with trunks typically angled along the ground (fortunately not broken). It was cautiously wrapped in with a "plastic" feel to the fronds and a 50/50 lamina a shirtfront by CJ for lack of a stout bag and carried length to stipe ratio. (Diagnostic characteristics were on to the summit where it was handed over to the keenly sought by the note taker and ably supplied by pair of black petrol researchers. They were camped the experienced in the party). out on the summit studying the species. My best memory? Coming round the corner and seeing Paul Those at the front of the party to enlighten those with a grin on his face holding that black petrel" CJ. following more slowly had left a paper trail of plant labels. These clear botanical names gave way about On an open ridge people caught their breath as David ten minutes before the summit to common plant Agnew described DoCs recent management of the names; perhaps a sign that blood sugar levels were threatened brown teal ducks on the island whose sinking and lunch was required? population had halved since the 1980s. At Whangapoua wild cats were trapped (130 caught) and Lunch was eaten on the summit platform which was pukekoes reduced from 2 3000 to 800 birds. The reached by most of the party 1.30 2pm. The weather result was a marked increase in ducks in one season. had closed in a little still warm but overcast and with Along the open track margins a moss with papery shifting cloud and a slight dampness in the air which leaves Pulchrinodus inflatus was common. interrupted the views to the west coast. Here we met up with the two black petrel researchers who were As we gradually gained height towai {Weinmannia staying in a hut near the summit. They had found 262 silvicola) started to dominate the forest. Here there nests within a 30 ha area this year and we able to was evidence of past logging with a remnant of the have a close look at a newly hatched chick. The peak steam haulage pulley xarch for the ropes that dragged hatching period on Great Barrier is the first week in logs over the ridge down to the valley to be ferried February. The chick covered in fine dense black down out of Whangaparapara on the west coast. The Parker was about 6 days old and it would be 105 days before Lamb Timber Company held the license in 1924 to log it was developed enough to leave the island. this area and logged this area for two years. The prominent ridges of Hirakimata are obsidian "Highlights? The magical virgin forest of yellow silver breccia soft and pumice like in parts. These provide pine" Mike. The upper slopes of Hirakimata (40 ha) good footing for the adult birds to take off and we had not been logged and towai suddenly gave way to found traces of scratch marks on open rocky points left by the birds claws when scrambling up. It was the podocarp/tawari {Ixerba brexioides forest and then birds crash landing technique that resulted in us unique kauri and yellow silver pine {Lepidothamnus finding the adult bird earlier. intermedius) with miro Prumnopitys ferruginea southern rata {Metrosideros umbellatum) The western ridge we descended was even steeper than Dracophyllum patens and very locally the shrubby the eastern dropping down to the Kaiarara Stream Parkinsons rata {M. parkinsonii). The latter is found valley coming out just south of Port Fitzroy by the coast. only on the Barrier Islands and on the west coast of The upper part of the track down had been recently the South Island. Also present was toro {Myrsine upgraded to a series of timber staircases and platforms salicina) toatoa {Phyllocladus toatoa) tawheowheo doing away with the muddied shoulder high gullied and {Quintinia serrata) hinau {Elaeocarpus dentatus) wire strop descent. The forest type changed to Pittosporum kirkii the less often seen Archeria kohekohe {Dysoxylum spectabile) /taraire {Beilschmiedia racemosa Epacris pauciflora var. sinclairii the ver/ tarairi) /nikau {Rhopalostylis sapida) and in places puriri variable and lush Alseuosmia macrophylla Astelia {Vitex lucens) /nikau as we descended. More trinervia Coprosma dodonaeifolia Pseudowintera Metrosideros M. albiflora this time with its large leaves. axillaris and a wide variety of ferns. Libertia Near the track there were two of well preserved kauri micranthus was common on the ground. The tufted dams built in the 1920s (the upper one a header dam) ground fern Trichomanes strictum was locally and the stream provided numerous swimming spots dominant Grammatis spp. were common as low well placed to cool hot bodies. Jo in borrowed boots

1. Bot Soc on the way up Hiakimata (Mt Hobson) from Windy Canyon. Looking NE over the regenerating shrubland. 2. Dracophyllum patens \n flower Te Ahumata also seen at Windy Canyon and Hirakimata. Why is it absent from Little Barrier? 3. Pohutukawa 1 rn tall in flower Te Ahumata; stunted vegetation on mineral rich soils. 4. Remains of Kaiarara Valley kauri driving dam built in 1924. 5. Botanising the dune slacks Whangapoua; with Rakitu (Arid Id) in the background. Photos 1&5: Mike Wilcox; 2 3&4: Ewen Cameron.

78 took an involuntary swim when crossing one of the species were found. Here too in the low vegetation of streams wetting her only clothes. Her luggage had the ridge our first filmy ferns crowded in the space failed to make it past the Tryphena disembarkation between rocks were Hymenophyllum revolutum H. process a pitch black lottery if you cant remember multifidum and Trichomanes reniforme sharing the the number of the container in which you gear was cleft with the orchids Bulbophyllum pygmaeum and stowed (it was finally returned 2 days later). Others Earina mucronata the last as a sort of canopy plant! took their clothes off first. "My best memory? The SWIMS Colleen. The summit provided good views of the island and on rocky ground amongst low scrub quite a bundle of After 9 hours and 9.5 km of walking the buses were a lycopods could be found within a few metres they welcome sight which the stragglers reached by 6pm. included Lycopodium deuterodensum L scariosum L Botanising continued out of the windows on the long volubile Lycopdiella cernua and L lateralis. route across the island past our starting point back to the Backpackers. A rush for the showers and then The return to the saddle for lunch provided round the corner to the Claris Club to discuss the opportunity for all to share finds and hints gathered on highlights over dinner. the upward journey. After lunch we headed off for the Hot Springs via the Day 2: 27 Jan : Te Ahumata and Kaitoke Springs old forestry road to Port Fitzroy. This passed through and Wetland (by Graeme Jane) several good forest stands before we reached the turn After a short bus ride we arrived at the Whanga pa ra ra off and provided a wide range of forest species we had Saddle. The first walk for the day was through scarcely seen on previous days including a good stand generally low often poor shrubland to the Te Ahumata of ricker kauri. Highlights here included Mida salicifolia Trig. Much of the way the track was dominated by with a huge range in leaf shapes from nearly oval to kanuka with hakea {H. gibbosa & H. sericea) but that quite linear often with wide variation on one tree; hid many treasures such as kauri Brachyglottis kirkii adult Pittosporum virgatum to complement the tanekaha {Phyllocladus trichomanoides) pohutukawa unusual shaped juvenile leaf seen the previous day {Metrosideros excelsa) Alseuosmia quercifolia and and a good suite of "kauri" plants. These included Corokia buddleioides to name a few. Along the broad Halocarpus kirkii Leionema nudum Corokia track often in the middle of it Schizaea fistulosa was buddleioides Pseudopanax discolor and Gleichenia abundant at first and was later largely replaced by the dicarpa. At one point a large plant of Ileostylus narrower headed S bifida. Another common pair of micranthus hung over the road on a huge kanuka only swamp ferns were the Gleichenia species. Here they the second site that it has been recorded from on the were readily distinguished: the dull G. dicarpa with its island. in rolled margins white under sides and groups of 2 After the turnoff the track followed an old tramway to sori contrasted with the shiny G. microphylla with its the Kaitoke Wetland mostly through heavily modified flat margins and groups of 3 and occasionally 4 sori. In kauri forest now with few kauri much tall kanuka and a patch of taller shrubs the shiny leafed maire {Mida several maires {Mida & Nestegis) to test us. There salicifolia) made its first appearance for the day. were also several good patches of the giant moss The track provided great opportunity to study the Dawsonia superba. Shortage of time and a desire to sedges and in one wet area Mike ably pointed out the reach the hot springs hastened our journey over this distinguishing features of a variety of Baumea and sector. At the springs Sticherus flabellatus was Schoenus species: Baumea juncea with its hooked abundant and some of us lolled back into patches of bract and blue green culms; B. tenax with its tight that primitive land plant Psilotum nudum. Two grasses clumps red bases and oat like heads; B. teretifolia of note near the springs were Paspalum orbiculare and scattered through the Gleichenia with few seed heads Panicum huachucae. While all were in the water as a showing and oval stems; B. rubiginosa often with the treat for the bird watchers a banded rail (evidently a single small branch in a rather dense head; Schoenus regular here) darted amongst our clothes piles. tendo with the hairy sheath be below the flower head; After the soak in the springs it was time to see more S. brevifolius with large seeds and stout stems and 5. of the swamp plants (from the safety of the maschalinus contrasting with the other rush like boardwalk) and revise them. The main new additions plants forming a weft like bright green mats in the were the huge ones: Baumea articulata with a large wet keeping company with the darker green swards of dense head and internally septate stems; Eleocharis gracilis with terminal ovoid heads. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani with a knobby head Past the track fork the scrub became shorter and rocks of spikelets and the triangular stemmed quite apparent. Here the local endemics Olearia allomii Bolboschoenus fluviatilis. A special find was the orchid Spiranthes novae zelandiae in glorious flower amongst and Kunzea sinclairii were quite common along with the dense sedges. A little further on amongst raupo Dracophyllum patens. Then came the find of the day: the huge scented leaved Brazilian fireweed {Erechtites Thelymitra cyanea in its usual blue glory and curled valerianifolia) towered to over 2 rn. The final sector of yellow column horns like merino horns within. A little the track was through gully forest including some huge further on several pale cream flowers of the same

80 puriri on a flooded streambed then back onto the road the rest of the party to arrive. Later Jo recconnoitered for a 2km walk back to the Backpackers. the water depth just inside the entrance bar and after another hour the water had fallen to allow us all to The final excitement for the day was when one of the get across in various stages of dress (or undress). In party rang from Kingfisher Lodge at Whangaparapara: all this fun and excitement there had been a she had exited from the Springs walk and headed the temporary pause in the botanising but Maureen wrong way (fortunately she had enough money for a located Wahlenbergia littoricola subsp vernicosa (de beer before ringing)! Lange & Cameron 1999) Arthropodium cirratum and Day 3: 28 Jan: Whangapoua Beach and Wetlands Pimelea aff. urvilleana on the rocky cliffs and also (by Mike Wilcox) picked up a large sea worn 4 angled fruit of the fish poison tree {Barringtonia asiatica). These fruits are Armed with "Botany of Whangapoua wetlands and sometimes used as floats for fishing nets in the Pacific dunes" by Ewen Cameron (1999) and with the man islands where it is a common spreading seaside tree. himself leading us we headed into what is now recognised as one of the largest and least disturbed We walked the length of Whangapoua Beach admiring wetlands in our region. Initially we explored the the magnificent sand dune vegetation of pingao margins of a ditch and the rush infested pastures near {Desmoschoenus spiralis) spinifex {Spinifex sericeus) Okiwi airstrip where we noted a suite of Juncus and sand sedge {Carex pumila) together with species including four leafy species J. articulatus J. extensive populations of shore cottonwood dichotomus J. microcephalus and J. planifolius and {Ozothamnus leptophylla). Austrofestuca littoralis is five leafless species J.effusus var .effusus 1 effusus present here but we could not find it this minor var. compacta 1 australis (the dominant rush of the disappointment being more than made up for by grand pastures) J. sarophorus and J. pallidus(the form with views out across the dunes to Rakitu (Arid) Island. a compact not diffuse flowering head). Other plants Dune slacks here were rather dry but supported a thin seen in this habitat were the sedges Eleocharis acuta vegetation comprising runners of sea paspalum Isolepis distigmatosa and Gonocarpus micranthus.{Paspalum vaginatum) scattered dwarf tufts of Sneezewort {Centipeda minima) occurs here but we Isolepis cernua Carex pumila Lachnagrostis had no luck in locating it. Adding interest was the billardierei Selliera radicans Samolus repens Ranun­ discovery of a freshly dead headless eel thought at culus acaulis Lilaeopsis novae zelandiae Triglochin first to be a lamprey which was subsequently brought striata Lobelia anceps (with flowers of a deep mauve home for the Museum by Mei Nee Lee. hue) hawkbit {Leontodon taraxacoides) and scarlet pimpernel {Anagallis arvensis). There was plenty of Marshes immediately behind the sandy beaches of the interest here to engage the attention of the visiting tidal estuary were dominated by stands of bulrush colony of Botanistum prostratum for a considerable {Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) with flax time. {Phormium tenax Cyperus ustulatus and Eleocharis acuta with also several dicot herbs prominent On the ornithological side the beach and estuary Ludwigia palustris Polygonum salicifolium Calystegiayielde d some groups of white fronted tern Caspian sepium (the narrow leaved native form) Potamogeton tern red billed and black back gulls a few banded cheesemanii Lilaeopsis novae zelandiae and the dotterel dotterel lesser knot bar tailed buttercup Ranunculus amphitrichus. On the sandygodwi t a golden plover spur winged plover pied stilt estuarine margins were stands of Baumea juncea with some white faced herons several South Island pied Juncus kraussi/ var. australiensis Apodasmia similis and variable oystercatchers and bodies on the beach and Isolepis nodosa. The sandy beach itself had much of a fairy prion a fluttering shearwater and a Bullers Carex pumila Calystegia soldanella (in flower) shearwater. On the creek where we went up at Spinifex sericeus Lachnagrostis billardierei Zoysia Mabeys farm were goodly numbers of brown teal pauciflora (holding its own amongst buffalo grass and quietly drifting in little groups or dozing on the bank. the lovely native Oxalis rubra here very diminutive Our buses arrived on time to return us to the and with the flowers and fruits looking relatively large. Backpackers and then down to the boat. Harestail grass {Lagurus ovatus) and buffalo grass The return trip to Auckland on the "Jet Raider" again in {Stenotaphrum secundatum) abound at this site. fine calm conditions was a time to reflect on the Phase III of the days excursion was the crossing of wonderful three days we spent in good company on the Whangapoua Estuary which turned out to be a Great Barrier Island from the top of Mt Hobson to the major event in itself. Ewen and Graeme went ahead bottom of Whangapoua Estuary and plenty in between and tested the water but turned back after assuring to admire Mt Moehau from comparatively close quarters themselves that the water was deep enough to and to watch for sea birds. Sea birds seen on the way seriously inconvenience the rest of the party (i.e. we out and back were giant petrel fluttering shearwater would all have to swim across). Paul also made a recce Bullers shearwater gannet Arctic skua black backed and likewise got rather wet and had to turn back. It gull red billed gull and white fronted tern. Ewen had to was then left to two strong swimmers Helen and be restrained once again from leaping overboard and Colleen to swim across in the togs and duly wait for swimming off to make a species list of Channel Island

81 fThe Watchman") one of his remaining unconquered islets in the Gulf.

Interesting botanical observations/collections during the Bot Soc field trip and other comments (by Ewen Cameron) = naturalised species Banksia integrifolia single 80cm tall plant on sand dunes addition to Whangapoua flora by Cameron (1999) (AK 255517). Seed from a banksia windbreak north of here? Bolboschoenus fluviatilis 240 cm tall a very tall specimen (100 200cm in Flora of NZ vol. II) western fringe of Kaitoke wetland see above under Day 2 (AK 255511). Collospermum microspermum few plants present (low epiphytes) on track margin in unmilled forest just NE of Hirakimata at c.500m asl; new record for the central part of Great Barrier; previously only known on Great Barrier from the northern high point at Tataweka; (AK 255501 02). Coprosma dodonaeifolia Hirakimata area N geographic limit and also occurs on Little Barrier addition to Limits and Status list by Cameron (2001: 84). Dicksonia fibrosa single c.1.7 rn tree fern roadside south end of Tryphena Kaitoke Rd locality pointed out to us by Jeremy Warden; new record for Great Barrier (AK 255519). Erechtites valerianifolia 2m tall twice the height recorded by Webb et al. (1988); see above under Day 2. Erica pauciflora var. sinclairii Hirakimata area N geographic limit not known on Little Barrier addition to Limits and Status list by Cameron (2001: 84). Gladiolus undulatus local in salt marsh addition to Whangapoua flora by Cameron (1999). Isolepis distigmatosa wet ditch at Whangapoua see above under Day 3; new record for Great Barrier (AK 255925). Congratulations to Mike for critically looking at this subtle species. Juncus microcephalus wet ditch see above under Day 3; addition to Whangapoua flora by Cameron (1999) (AK 255512). Juncus sp track margin lower Te Ahumata.; the identification of this collection has varied from J. filicaulis to J. gregiflorus more material required for a positive identification (AK 256716). Pseudopanax arboreus x P. discolor single plant observed between its two suspected parents by Mike on Day 2 in the shrublands east of Hirakimata; new hybrid record for Great Barrier. Ranunculus acaulis dune slack addition to Whangapoua flora by Cameron (1999); see above under Day 3 (AK 255516). First spotted by Maureen. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 293 cm tall a very tall specimen (recorded as 60 270cm tall in Flora of NZ vol. IV) in narrow raupo wetland Tramline Track margin (AK 255509). Schoenus maschalinus wet ditch; addition to Whangapoua flora by Cameron (1999). Thelymitra cyanea Te Ahumata new record for Great Barrier see above under Day 2 (AK 255506); Peter de Lange (pers comm.) has also seen this species near the Kaitoke hot pools.

Acknowledgements For assistance on the island we thank Bruce and Kate Langford of the Crossroads Backpackers Dave Palmer of Aotea Transport and David Agnew (DoC). We were sorry that Bec Stanley (DoC) who originally was to jointly lead the trip with Ewen moved to Gisborne and was unable to join us. Ewen thanks Peter de Lange for the use of his recent Great Barrier collections to include in the species list Mei Nee Lee for assistance checking the Great Barrier electronic records in AK herbarium and DoC for permission to collect herbarium specimens for AK in an ongoing aim to voucher the entire Barrier flora.

References Bartlett J. K.; Gardner R.O. 1983: Flora of Great Barrier Island. Auckland Botanical Society Bulletin 14. 30 p. Cameron. E. K. 1985: Barrier Islands National Reserve. NZ Environment 47. 23 28. Cameron E. K. 1999: Botany of Whangapoua wetlands and dunes north eastern Great Barrier Island. Auckland Botanical Society Journal 54(1): 56 67. Cameron Ewen 2001: Chapter 5:Flora. pp 82 103. In Great Barrier Island(Don Armitage ed.). Christchurch Canterbury University Press. Cameron E. K.; Wright A.E. 1982: The vegetation and flora of Rakitu (Arid) Island northern New Zealand. Tane 28: 85 124. de Lange P. J. 1990: Additions and confirmations to the flora of Great Barrier. Auckland Botanical Society Journal45(1): 22 23. de Lange P. J. 2000: Notes letters questions comments [Great Barrier orchid list]. New Zea/and Native Orchid Group Journal 77: 10 11. de Lange P. J.; Cameron E. K. 1999: The vascular flora of Aorangi Island Poor Knights Islands northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37(3): 433 468. Jones C; Beard C. 1994: Botanical report Little Windy Hill Company Great Barrier Island. Unpublished. Appendix 1. Native species list for Great Barrier and associated islands (by Ewen Cameron) This list is based on the one for Great Barrier Island by John Bartlett and Rhys Gardner (1983) with additions from the outer islands especially Rakitu (Arid) Island from Cameron and Wright (1982) published general additions and orchids additions from de Lange (1990 2000) an unpublished plant list of the Windy Hill area by Cathy Jones and Catherine Beard (1994) and herbarium specimens in the Auckland Museum (AK) mainly collected since 1983 (many collected by Peter de Lange). Where there is doubt about a species being indigenous to New Zealand it has generally been included (cf. Bartlett & Gardner 1983: 25). A draft of this list was initially collated for the Flora chapter of the Great Barrier Island book by Cameron (2001) but was not published. It was

82 also used for the Bot Soc trip. The complete naturalised flora has never been assembled but is being worked on (Cameron & de Lange in prep.). A = also recorded for Arid (Rakitu) Island from Cameron and Wright (1982) AK/CHR = herbarium vouchers are cited for taxa that may be unclear E = presumed extinct on Great Barrier (18 spp.) = no voucher specimen in AK or AKU (to focus future collecting) t = addition to list of Bartlett 81 Gardner (1983); hybrids excluded Ferns and fern allies H. demissum A T. strictum E dentatus x E Olearia alf orni! (121 + 1 hybrid) H. dilatatum A T. venosum hookerianus O. furfuracea A Adiantum aethiopicum IK H. flabellatum A Entelea arborescens A O. rani A A. cunninghamii A H. flexuosum Conifers (13) Epacris pauciflora var. O. solandri A. diaphanum A H. lyallii Agathis australis A pauciflora Ozothamnus leptophylla A A fulvum H. multifidum Dacrycarpus dacrydioidesEpacris pauciflora var. Pennantia corymbosa A. hispidulum A H. rarum A Dacrydium cupressinum sinclairii Pimelea arenaria E A. viridescens H. revolutum Halocarpus kirkii Fuchsia excorticata A P. longifolia Anarthopteris lanceolata A H. sanguinolentum A Lepidothamnus intermediusF. procumbens P. aff. urvilleana A Arthropteris tenella A H. scabrum Lidocedrus plumosa Gaulthera antipoda A P. tomentosa Asplenium bulbiferum Hypolepis ambigua A Manoao colensoi Geniostoma rupestre var. Pisonia brunoniana A subsp bulbiferum A H. dicksonioides A Phyllocladus toatoa ligustrifolium A Pittosporum cornifolium A Asplenium bulbiferum H. distans P. trichomanoides Griselinia lucida P. crassifolium A subsp gracillimum H. lacteal Podocarpus hallii Hebe macrocarpa var. P. ellipticum A. flabellifolium H. rufobarbata P. totara war. totara A latisepala P. eugenoides A. flaccidum A Lastreopsis glabella A Prumnopitys ferruginea A H. parviflora var. arborea P. huttonianum A. haurakiense A L hispida P. taxifolia H. pubescens P. kirkii A. hookerianum L microsora subsp. H. stricta var. stricta A P. tenuifolium Dicot trees and shrubs A. lamprophyllum A pentangularis H. "Great Barrier" t (AK P. umbellatum (132 + 8) A. oblongi folium A L velutina A 229442) P. virgatum Alectryon excelsus subsp. A. obtusatum subsp. Leptopteris Hedycarya arborea A Plagianthus divaricatus excelsus north/andicum A hymenophylloides Helichrysum lanceolatum Pomaderris hamiltonii Alseuosmia macrophylla A Lindsaea linearis (incl. H. aggregatum) A A polyodon IK Ax quercifolia A P. kumeraho L. trichomanoides Hoheria populnea A Blechnum chambersii Archeria racemosa P. aff. phylicifolia A B. discolor L. viridis E Aristotelia serrata Ixerba brexioides Pouteria costata A B. filiforme A Loxsoma cunninghamii Ascarina lucida Knightia excelsa A Pseudopanax arboreus A B. fluviatile Lycopodiella cernua A Avicennia marina subsp. Kunzea ericoides subsp. P. crassifolius L lateralis ericoides A B. fraseri australasica P. discolor B. membranaceum Lycopodium deuterodensumBeilschmiedia tarairi A K. ericoides var. lineatum P. lessonii A B. novae zelandiae A L. scariosum B. tawa (Incl. B. tawaroa)A K ericoides xK. sinclairii P. arboreus x P. discolor K sinclairii B. norfolkianum A only L. volubile A Brachyglottis kirkii var. P. crassifolius x P. lessonii B. procerum Lygodium articulatum A K. sinclairii x Leptospermum Pseudowintera axillaris angustior B. novae zelandiae x B. Marattia salicina E scoparium P. colorata B. kirkiivar. kirkii procerum Microsorum pustulatum Laurelia novae zelandiae Quintinia serrata B. repanda A subsp pustulatum A Leionema nudum Raukaua edgerleyi Botrychium australe Carmichaelia australis A A/ scandens A Leptospermum scoparium A R. simplex var. simplex Cheilanthes distans Carpodetus serratus C. sieberisubsp sieberi Ophiglossum coriaceum A Leucopogon fasciculatus A Rhabdothamnus solandri A Ctenopteris heterophylla O. petiolatum Clianthus maximus E L. fraseri A Scandia rosifolia A Cyathea cunninghamii Paesia scaberula A Coprosma acerosa A Litsea ca I ca ris A Schefflera digitata A C. dealbata A Pellaea falcata C. arborea A Lophomyrtus bullata Solanum aviculare A C. medullaris A P. rotundifolia A C. areolata Macropiper excelsum subsp.Sophora chathamica C. smithii Phylloglossum drummondii C. dodonaeifolia excelsum A S. microphylla Deparia peterseni/subsp. A only E C. grandifolia A A/ excelsum subsp. Streblus banksii A congrua A Pneumatopteris pennigera A C lucida A peltatum S. heterophyllus Dicksonia fibrosa Polystichum richardii A C. aff. macrocarpa A (AK Melicope simplex Syzygium maire D. lanata Psilotum nudum A 117608) A ternata A Toronia toru D. squarrosa Pteridium esculentum A C. propinqua var. Melicytus macrophyllus Vitex lucens A Diplazium australe A Pteris aff. comans A propinqua A micranthus Weinmannia sylvicolia A Doodia australis A P. macilenta C. repens A A novae zelandiae subsp. D. mollis P. saxatilis C. rhamnoides A novae zelandiae Mistletoes (3) D. squarrosa P. tremula A C. robusta A A/ ramiflorus subsp. Ileostylus microphylla Gleichenia dicarpa Pyrrosia eleagnifolia A C. spathulata ra mi florus A Korthalsella salicornioides G. microphylla Rumohra adiantiformis C. aff. macrocarpa x C. Metrosideros excelsa A Trilepidea adamsii E Grammitis billardierei Schizaea bifida robusta A A parkinsonii Dicot herbs (112) G ciliata S. dichotoma Coriaria arborea A A robusta Acaena anserinifolia A G. magellanica subsp. S. fistulosa Corokia buddleioides (incl.A umbellata A. novae zelandiae nothofageti Sticherus cunninghamii var. linearis) A M. excelsa x A/ robusta Anaphalioides trinervis G. patagonica S. flabellatus Corynocarpus laevigatus AA novae zelandiae x A/. Apium prostratum subsp. G. pseudociliata Tmesipteris elongata subsp. Cyathodes juniperina A ramiflorus prostratum A G. rawtingsii elongata A Dodonaea viscosa A A robusta x A/ umbellata A. "white denticles" (AK G aff. billardierei (CHR T. elongata subsp robusta Dracophyllum latifolium Mida salicifolia 183981) 367188) D. patens Myoporum laetum A Atriplex hollowayi E Histiopteris incisa A T. lanceolata A D. sinclairii(incl. D. Myrsine australis A Callitriche muelleri A Huperzia varia A T. sigmatifolia adamsii) A. salicina Cardamine debilis A Hymenophyllum T. tannensis Dysoxylum spectabile A Nestegis apetala A Celmisia major var. major armstrongii Trichomanes elongatum Elaeocarpus dentatus N. cunninghamii Centella uniflora A H. bivalve T. endlicherianum A E hookerianus N. lanceolata A Centipeda minima H. cupressiforme T. reniforme A /V. montana 83 Chenopodium glaucum Oxalis exilis A R. schmidelioides (Jones /V. trilobus {ex Corybas) C. virgata A Colensoa physaIoides O. rubensk & Beard 1994) Orthoceras novae­ Collospermum hastatum k only Parietaria debilis A R. australis x R. cissoides zeelandiae C. microspermum Cotula australis Pelargonium inod oni rn A Sicyos australis k Petalochilus alatus (ex Cordyline australis k C. coronopifolia Peperomia urvilleana k Caladenia) C. banksii Crassula sieberiana A P. purple vein" t (AK Monocot climbers (2) P. bartiewm (ex C. pumilio 1 Dactylanthus taylori! 206056) Freycinetia banksii A Caladenia) Cyperus ustulatus k Daucus glochidiatus Picris burbidgeik Ripogonum scandens A P. chlorostylus (ex Desmoschoenus spiralis Dichondra repens A Plantago raoulii Caladenia) Dianella nigra A Grasses (32) Disphyma australis subsp. Polygonum plebeium E P. pusillus (ex Caladenia)Eleocharis acuta A Amphibromus fluitans australis P. salici folium A Prasophyllum aff. colensoiE gracilis k Austrofestuca littoralis Drosera binata A Pratia angulata P. aff. patens E E neozelandica Austrosbpa stipoides D. auriculata A Pseudognaphalium Pterostylis agathicola E sphacelata Bromus arenarius E D. spathulata luteoalbum A P. alobula Fimbristylis velata Cortaderia fulvida Einadia triandra A Ranunculus acaulis P. banksii k Gahnia lacera C. splendens A E trigonossubsp trigonosR. amphitrichusk P. brumalis G. pauciflora Deyeuxia avenoides A A R. reflexus k P. cardiostigma G. setifolia A quadrisecta Elatine gratioloides R. urvilleanus P. graminea Dichelachne crinita A G. xanthocarpa Elatostemma rugosum Rorippa divaricata A P. paludosa P. inaequiglumis Isolepis cernua A Epilobium nerteroides R. palustris E P. trullifolia /. distigmatosa D. micrantha E nummulariifblium 1 Rumex flexuosus E Singularybas oblongus (exI. mundata k Echinopogon ovatus k E pallidiflorum Samolus repens k Corybas) I. nodosa k Elymus multiflorus k E pedunculare Sarcocomia quinqueflora Spiranthes novae zelandiaeI. prolifer A E solandri E pubens subsp quinqueflora k Stegostyla atradenia (ex /. reticularis k Hierochloe redolens E E rotundifolium k Scleranthus biflorus Caladenia) Juncus australis Euchiton audax k Selliera radicans A Isachne globosa Thelymitra aemula Lachnagrostris billardieri k _ „.. J. caespiticus E gymnocephalus k Senecio biserratus . .. . T. carnea J. ed ga riaek L fill formis k _ . E involucratus 5. glomeratus rnfMCnif J. kraussiivar. australiensis L littoralis subsp littoralisk jnest E Sphaericus S. lautus war. lautus A A Microlaena avenacea Euphorbia glauca E S. marotiri T. formosa J. pallidus A A/ polynoda Galium propinquum S. minimus T. aff. ixiodes J. pauciflorus A G. trilobum S. quadridentatus A/ stipoides k T. longifolia k J. planifolius k Geranium homeanum S. repangae subsp. Oplismenus hirtellus subsp.T. pauciflora J. prismatocarpus G. potentilloides k repangae imbecilus k T. puchella J. sarophorus G. retrorsum S. scaberuluslk Paspalum orbicularek T. tho!iformis J. usitatus A Glossostigma elatinoides Solanum americanum A Poa anceps k Winika cunninghamii k Lepidosperma australe Gonocarpus incanus (Incl. Spergularia marginatak Rytidosperma biannulare A L laterale G aff. montanus} A Stellaria parviflora A R. gracile k Other monocots (92) Libertia grandiflora £ micranthus subsp. Tetragonia tetragonoides R. unarede k Apodasmia similis L. ixioides micranthus T. implexicoma k Spinifex sericeus A Arthropodium candidum L micrantha (ex L Gratiola nana E Utricularia novae zelandiaeTrisetum arduanum A. cirratumk pulchella) G. sexdentata E Zoysia minima Astelia banksii k Luzula picta var. picta Haloragis erecta subsp. Veronica plebeia Z. pauciflora A. grandis Machaerina sinclairii k erectak Vittadinia australis E A. solandri k Morelotia affinis k Hydrocotyle elongata Wahlenbergia littorico/a Orchids (49) A. trinervia Phorium cookianum H. heteromeria subsp vernicosa k Acianthus sinclairii k Baumea arthrophylla P. tenax k H microphylla W. violacea Ade/opetalum tuberculatum B. articulata Potamogeton cheesemanii H moschata k (ex Bulbophyllum) B. juncea Rhopalostylis sapida A H. novae zelandiae Dicot climbers (20 +1) Chiloglottis cornuta B. rubiginosa Schoenoplectus Hypericum japonicum Calystegia sepium Cbrunastylis pumila (ex B. tenax tabernaemontani k Lagenifera pumila A C. soldanella k Genoplesium) B. teretifolia Schoenus a pogon Lepidium oleraceum C. tuguriorum Corybas cheesemanii Bolboschoenus fluviatilis S. brevifolius Leptinella dioica subsp. Clematis cunninghamii k Cryptostylis oblonga B. medianus S. carsei dioica C. paniculata A Danhatchia australis Carex breviculmis A S. maschalinus L squalida subsp squalida Ipomoea cairica Drymoanthus adversus A C. dissita S. tendo E Metrosideros al ti flora Earina aestivalis C. flagellifera k Sparganium subglobosum L tenella M. carminea k E autumnalis k C. forsteri Tetraria capillaris Lilaeopsis novae zelandiaeA / diffusa E mucronata k C. inversa A Triglochin striata Limosella lineata A/ fulgens Gastrodia cunninghamii C. lambertiana Typha orientalis k Linum monogynum k M. perforata k G. aff. sesamoides C. lessoniana Uncinia banksii k Lobelia anceps k Muehlenbeckia australis Ichthyostomum pygmaeum C. litorosa E U. distans Myosotis spathulata var. A/ complexa k (ex Bulbophyllum) A C. maorica U. scabra spathulata Parsonsia capsularis A Microtis parviflora C. pumila U. uncinata A Myriophyllum triphyllum E /. heterophylla M. unifolia k C. secta var. secta U. zotovii A/ votchii Passiflora tetrandra Nematoceras acuminata C. solandri Zostera novazelandica Nertera depressa Rubus australis (ex Corybas) C. spinirostris k /V. dichondrifolia R. cissoides k /V. macrantha (ex Corybas)C. subdola A/ villosa Al. rivularis (ex Corybas) C. testacea

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