Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 Sir 's Life And Work His Legacy To People Today /04942

Mosley's Answer To Slump Sir Oswald Mosley BUF Policy Points They Apply Today Sir Oswald Mosley drew Born Into Turbulent Times ufl ten points of policy in Sir Oswald Mosley was born on Nov. 16, 1896, the heir '932. Many apply to the problems we face today. Ir: to the fifth baronet, of a family which had been landed aristocracy in Staffordshire County for 400 years. He part they include: attended exclusive schools at Winchester and The Royal "Our watchword is Military Academy Sandhurst. He excelled in sports such as '.' We are boxing and fencing. Mosley would later inherit an estate determined to build a Nation worthy of Patriots. valued in today's money in the millions of dollars. With the Therefore we stand for outbreak of World War Onc in 1914, when just 18, Mosley revolutionary changes in joined the Royal Flying Corps (today the Royal Air Force). government, in economics He was one of the first 60 British Airmen to fight. In the and in life itself. "B r i t ish course of action he suffered a leg injury which left him with a DIljiceahle limp for the rest of his life. However, he of unemployment and insisted on continuing to serve his country in time of war poverty by the and volunteered for front line trench fighting in France. establishment of the After the war he ran for Parliament in 1918 and was Corporate State ... Private elected as a Conservative with a majority of over 10,000 enterprise must enrich the votes. At age 22 he was the youngest member of the House Country as well as the of Commons. Sir Oswald was appalled at the lack of benefits individual. Trade Unions for ex-servicemen and the miserahle working conditions of and employers alike must the people. His genius was immediately recogni/.ed and serve the Nation and not the publisher J.L. Garvin referred to Mosley's "dazzling Sir Oswald Mosley leads one of hundreds of marches he would hold. On faction, and in so doing will prospects." Beatrice Webb called him, "the most brilliant left of Mosley is the legendary Neil Frands Hawkins. serve their own best man in Parliament." Mosley married Cynthia Curzon on interests. May 11, 1920. Her father was the former Viceroy ofIndia Protect "Home Market" and the Foreign Secretary of the Conservative Party. Their He asked why should we be spending money overseas to "The Corporate State will wedding was held in the Royal Chapel in Westminister provide jobs there instead of at home? Mosley's final words: create a larger Home Market J\.bbey. Attending were King George and Queen Mary along by ratSlng wages and with King Albert and Queen Elizaheth of Belgium. "The situation which faces us is very serious. It is not salaries over the whole field irreparable but I feel from the depths of my being, that the of industry as science and Launchinl: of "The New Partv" days of muddling through are over, tbat this time we cannot organization increase the Labor Party Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald muddle through. This nation has to be mobilized and rallied power to produce. We will appointed Mosley as the Chancellor of the Duchy of t(lr a tremendous effort. What I fear much more tban a overcome the problem of Lancaster in 1929. Mosley joined the Labor Party and was sudden crisis is a long, slow, crumbling through the years men and machines being elected to the Parliament and considered t(lr the posts of until wc sink to the level of a Spain, a gradual paralysis unemployed while beneath which all the vigor and energy of this country thousands require the goods First Lord of the Admiralty or Foreign Secretary. He finally they can produce. A high got a sub-cabinet position. All observers of this period agree will succumb. That is a far more dangerous thing and far more likely to happen unless some effort is madc. You have standard of living will be that had Sir Oswald remained in either the ConservatIve built by the Corporations in this country, resources, skilled craftsmen among the Party or the Labor Party he eventually would have become free from wage-cutting and Prime Minister of Great Britain. On Jan. 23, 1930 he workers, design and technique among the technicians, sweat labor competition at presented MacDonald with the now famous - "Mosley unknown and unequalled in any other country in the world. home and abroad. Memorandum." Unemployment had reached 2.5 million and What a fantastic assumption it is that a nation, which within That high standard of Sir Oswald believed that emergency measures were needed the lifetime of everyone has put forth efforts of energy and living will provide the !-lome to relieve the misery of the people. vigor unequalled in the history of the world should succumb Market with the industry it The MosJey Memorandum called illr a five year before an economic situation such as the present. " now lacks. Thus the people program designed to protect home industries from foreign Movement of Youth Is Born will consume what the competition from low wage nations. It calledSNO for the Moslcy's program was defeated hy a Labor Party caucus people produce ! modernization of the textile industry which was being moved vote of 210 to 29. (Some 17 had sponsored it.) Mosley Employment will be provided to India for cheap labor. He called for controls over the took his proposals to the Labor Party conference in act. for all by the demand of an banks so that they would be forced to finance British 1930. It lost by ollly a handful of votes but the members increased Home Market. manufacturing. He offered a detailed plan for massive gave Mosley a standing ovation and re-elected him to their British work will be kept public works projects such as slum clearance, land drainage National Executive Committee. Mosley resigned from the for British Workers free horn and road construction. Mosley called for stopping British government and took the issue to the people. With a number alien under-cutting and alien overseas investment so that it could be used at home. He of members from both the Conservative Party and the Labor job-seekers ! demanded an increase in unemployment payments and a new (Continued On I'age 2) (Continued On I'agt' 2) system of early retirement. .. Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 Page 2 Thousands Rally Behind New Movement (Mo!;ley - Cuntinued From Page I) r Party, Mosley founded the "New ParlY" on Feh. 28, 1931. _--tt-"" c' He called for a new government "with the power to act." I Mosley announced that hy protecting and expanding their traditional home manufacturing products the standard of living of the British people coulcl be saved. Mosley said: "We want those who hanker Jor advelllure - we walll power Jor the people - tHe weak will Jollow the strong." The Evening Standard wrote: "We never saw so many young people - excited and pleased - working Jor a new party. "

Moslcy was an impassioned speaker who had specitlc solutions which sparked enthusiasm in the people. He said: "The people demand a government, entrusted with a task, which has the power to aet. The government must be able to illlroduce fresh capital at low interest rates Jor the modernization oJ industry and increased production. The jobs oJthe workers mwt be protectedfromJoreignlow wage nations. " Post-war photo of l\Iosley walking to a Trafalgar Mosley Was Not Anti-Semitic! Later in his career, Sir A? lI~storic Date - Oct. I, 1932, .M~lSle! and 32 young followers display the Square "May Day" rally Oswald Mosley blamed "Jewish money power" for their ~ asclst nag from the roof of a bUIlding In the heart of I,ondon. without any bodyguards. influence over the media and politicians when all the powers that be came down upon him. Mosley was an avid sports before you new visions into the future. Week by week you (Continued From Page I) enthusiast and saw Jewish prize fighter Ted "Kid" Lewis will see the sunlight glimmering at the end oJ this dark BUF Policy beat Carpentier in the ring. They became friends. Much of Jorest. Like a Phoenix, we shall rise from the ruins created "We can produce all the Mosley's New Party support came from the Labor Party. by the old parties and sweep away all of the corruption. " goods, food-stuffs and raw For this reason they sent out goon squads aligned with materials we require and Communists to break up the New Party rallies. "Action" began with high hopes but after publishing only build a standard of living so Labor Party official, Waiter Greenwood said: "Wherever the 13 issues it folded on Dec. 31, 1931. The final editorial by high that the people can New Party raises its head we shall smash it!" Sir Oswald Mosley stated: "We shall win; or at least we shall return consume the goods which was forced to form a guard to protect meetings from attack. upon our shields." (After the creed of the Spartans who modern industry can It was none other than "Kid" Lewis who trained the men in would fight until either victory or death, in which case they produce. To maintain that the art of self-defense. Lewis was the ex-welter-weight would be carried home upon their shields.) standard we will exclude the boxing champion of the world. When the elections were cheap \OT8Ig1'l goo~" w,,''''' held in 1931 Kid Lewis was Mosley's New Party candidate The Birth of The British Union of Fascists displace British labor and from Whitechapel. It was on June 16, 1931 when Mosley reduce wages ... Our motto launched his newspaper "Action." Some 160,000 copies The collapse of the New Party saw most of the is: "Britain buys from those were printed. Sir Oswald had been ill for some weeks but professional politicians jumping ship. However most of the who buy from Britain." "Foreign food-stuffs will was able to get out of the sick bed six days before the young people stood by Mosley. On Jan. 18, 1932 Mosley be excluded and replaced by election. He then made two dramatic speeches. With only flew to Rome, Italy to meet with Fascist founder, Benito British products. Thus we loud speakers on trucks he was able to attract over 7,000 Mussolini. After World War One, Italy pulled out of the shall increase Home people at the Drill Hall. Harold Nicolson, the first editor depression faster than any country. Communism was production by some 200 of Action described Mosley's style: "He is a revivalist stopped cold and the Mafia was wiped out. The Italian million pounds per year and speaker - striding up and down the platform occasionally economy was flourishing and Mussolini was given credit find employment for nearly stabbing his index finger. " world wide. Even Sir Winston Churchill said; "Only a million people. Their good Mussolini can govern Italy." Sir Oswald Mosley and Harold wages will purchase British "New Party" Challenges ('owers That Bc Nicolson held long conferences with leaders of the Fascist goods and an increased government. Upon Mosley's return be told "The Daily Mail: Home Market will take th~ "The Manchester Guardian" described Mos1ey's "A visit to Mussolini is typical oJ the new atmosphere. place of the foreign markets speaking style: "His audience is stirred and tinally swept off No time was wasted in polite banalities. Questions on all we are losing today. its feet by a tornado of oratory yelled at the detiant high relevant and practical subjects were discussed with rapidity "The Land must be used pitch of a tremendous voice - a thundering clenounciation of and preCision. Every moment possible is wrung from time; in the interest of the Nation. the, 'old men who muddled my generation into the crisis oJ the mind is hard, concentrated, direct - in a word, 'Modem. ' Those who develop their World War One and who have laid waue the power and The great Italian represents the first emergence oJ the land in that interest will be glory of our land . .. their hands are stained with blood and modern man to power; it is an interesting and instructive assisted by National Credit. disasters inllumerable, our flag is slipping down into dust phenomenon. Englishmen who have long suffered from The misuse of British credit and dishoner.'" statesmanship in skirts can pay him no less and need pay him (by building industry in low "The silly, Jatuous, nonsense must be dynamited out of no more a tribute than to say, 'Here at least is a man. '" wage nations) will be a the minds of the old politicians. Our policy aims at Fascist parties were springing up all over Europe and this criminal offense." building, by sciellli/ic shelter, with reorganization behind it, seemed to be the way to defeat Communism and overcome the home market, with purchasing power high enough to the depression which lingered on in England. Nicolson said: Mosley Urged No absorb the production of the modem machine. Must every "Mussolini's Corporate State is the answer to the impending Colored Immigration worker in Ashton have to wait Jor higher wages and Bolshevik trend. Fascism is a new culture in a new Sir Oswald Mosley, employment until Socialism comes to every Hottentot in civilization. " writing in "Union Magazine" Africa ?" Oct. 1, 1932 Mosley and 32 of his "iron core" young of May 15, 1948 declared: Mosley was a virile, decisive and handsome leacler. It supporters opened the new office of the British Union of "Race is the first reality of was easy tor him to harness the energy and vitalitySNO of young Fascists" (BU F) on Great George Street. For the tirst time European Unity. . . This people behind his ideas. He was, by instinct, a tighter. the Fascist t1ag t1ew in the wind over downtown London. unique stock of men in However, with only a week of campaigning, the outlook was Mosley explained that Fascism was "intense nationalism." Europe, has in fact produced not good for the election of Oct. 21, 1931. The Conservative Mosley told the youths: "We arefighting so that a great land the culture, the values and Party was first with 19,918 votes, the Lahor Party won may live. We shall give the people a new movement, an the achievement of the 13,264 votes with Mosley in third place with a respectable alternaliveJaith capable oflVinning mass support. Existing West. This race, in their 10,534 votes. In fact all 24 New Party candidates were politicialls, institutions, and organizations cannot cope with family of Europe, have defeated. Thus the weaklings began to jump ship. the coming crisis. 17le existing order is bOllnd to collapse. produced most things that ., Action," editor Harold Nicolson wrote: "We believe that The present political system is corrupt and oppressive . matter on this globe. This from its ashes will rise a new world, /I1ore sciel1lijic, more Revolutionary chal/ges are necessary to correct thefailure oJ human andjizr more cnjoyal>ie. Week by week wc shall put existing men, ideas, and institutions. We shall build a new (Continued On Page 1) ( Continued on page 3 ) Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 Page 3 Organized Violence Against Mosley And The BUF

The Communists Resort To Violence Ulmmigration" - Continued achievement has been the The Albert Hall Meeting was highly successful and a result of their character, much larger mass meeting was scheduled for The Olympia which in turn was the result Hall for June 7, 1934. This time the situation would be of their race. ominous. The "Daily Worker" urged Communists "to IIse "Horses go further and force - not constitutional methods" to silence Mosley. The faster than donkeys, BlII; memhership had soared to 70,000 with 400 \lIallch," because they are horses and The enemies of constitutional freedoms were determined h\ not donkeys. We cannot bring this to an end before Sir Oswald Mosley was ahle to avoid the basic facts of become Prime Minister of Great Britain. They had beC(\nk nature, even if we would. the target of organized violence. Because of the continuing Nor can we drown them attacks upon the movement a Central Defense Force of beneath a verbiage of Blackshirts was established called the "I Squad." 17li'v words. If we are to build, protected BUF meetings and fought off the attacks by Reds then surely we must build and thus guarallteed Freedom of Speech. on real foundations, and I know that we do. Mosley explained with this question: "Were \\;e to go "Therefore, I affirm the home and call it a day or ,·tand alldfightfor our rights '?" fact that the first reality and Olympia lIall, lluJe 7, 1934 was the nex.t giant BUF rock foundation of European rally with some 13,000 people attending. Mosley's success Union is Race' Who are our nearest kindred? The in winning working class people away from the Communist answer is the German Party was to be challenged. The Daily Worker of April 24, people. The British and the approved of violent attacks against Mosley meetings. Its Germans are the most Rare photo of the first BUF rany - Trafalgar Square- Oct. 15, 1932. Mosley May 15 issue urged the use of ''force.'' The British Special closely related of all in fiery speech surrounded by "Blackshirts." Signs behind him state: "Read­ Branch (England's FBI) in a report of May 25 stated: "The European peoples. The The Grealer Britain" - Mosley's first book. leaders of the Communist party have definitely decided that Northern French also belong I Continued from page 2 ) something spectacular must be carried out by their members to this close circle of Race at Olympia." The Reds bought tickets and sat in different or Family, and were united movement of Renaissance. We ask those who join us to parts of the auditorium. Uniformed Blackshirts carried with the Germans under march wilh us in a great and hazardous adventure. We ask Union lacks and ceremonial flags into the hall following hy Charlemagne. them 10 be prepared 10 sacrifice all, bUI 10 do so jilr I/O a drum corps and then Mosley himself marched down the "Near in blood to us, and small and unworthy ends. We can only offer you the deep center isle. The crowd was singing Fascist songs such as the Germans, are the whole belief that you are fighting that a great land may live!" "Blackshirt" and "Britain Awake . • He began to speak hut Northern block of Sweden, the Reds started shouting and fighting. BUF ushers had to Norway and Denmark. A "Britain First" wrestle them out of the hall. Some Reds carried "knuckle­ related stock is also the From May to June 1932 Mosley wrote his first book, dusters" and a number of people were injured. The next day great family of the Latin "The Greater Britain." This became the bible of the BUF. the media blamed Mosley's men for using undue force to nations, whose culture has Mosley leased the huge Whiteland Teachers Training College remove the trouble makers. ., .. ~ ~ .'"'~., . adorned the illuminated on Kings' Rd. in Chelsea for his headquarters. It became pages of European history .. known as The Black House. Here were the offices of his Conspiracy Against Mosley . You cannot deny nature; new paper "Fascist Week," (renamed three months later - A final Special Branch police report of June 7 stated: you cannot create in "The Blackshirt. ") The huilding housed the training defiance of reality'" "TIle Communists have been especially active among the j(lcilities of his new elite guard called "The Blackshirts." It Jewish elements in the East End from whom they hope to Mosley Explains included a clubhouse, large dining rooms and barracks. The obtain large numbers of demonstrators. H The daily press The Secret of America's name, uniform, symbol, salute and corporate state ideas came down on Mosley branding his entire organization as a Former Greatness were all unabashedly copied from Mussolini. However, bunch of violent hoodlums for throwing the Reds out. (Note: The following Mosley's economic plan was his own and it was an extension Some 1,500 Reds also rioted outside Olympia auditorium statement was made in of the "Mosley Memorandum." On lan. 8, 1934 Mosley got and many of them were arrested. Mosley noted that of the Mosley's book, "The Greater an important boost from press baron Lord Rothermere who 64 arrested 50 % were 1ews despite the fact that they Britain," published in 1932.) owned "The Daily Mail" and "The Evening News." constituted only 0.6% of Britain's population. Since he had MAmerica has the highest Rothermere wrote in an editorial, "Hurrah For The never criticized the 1ews before, Mosley commissioned the standard of living of any Blackshirts - This is an impossible phenomenon but still it best known writer on his staff, A.K. Chesterton, to research country in the world. The exists '" Sir Oswald had won instant respectability. He was the cause or this seemingly unreasoncd opposition hy key to America's prosperity invited to speak before women's groups, civic dubs, etc. organized Jewry. Chesterton prepared a report wh;ch is the existence of a large On April 22, 1934 he held his tirst large indoor rally in The Mosley biographer Robert Skidelsky quotes as follows: Home Market. America has Albert Hall. An audience of 7,000 attended and Mosley "Jews control the greatforeign lending-houses which send virtual self-sufficiency in made a dramatic entrance to the strain of a new song British money abroad to equip foreigners, they control the food stuffs and raw appropriately titled - "MOSLEY." His talk was well great industries and monopolies and have invaded and materials. This means they received. In part he stated: virlUally captured important branches of the retail trade hardly need to trade with along with the film industry which is 'Jew infested' and used the rest of the world. Fight Exploitation Of Working People. politically to further specific Jewish interests. Jews burden "High protective duties and debase the British theater. The national press is afford comparative "Why Our Hour Has Arrived! We are needed hy our 'soaked' with Jewish influence which could dominate poli(v immunity from the people now more thall ever before - WE LIVE IN A NEW competition of foreign low­ ERA! The Blackshirt which we wear is the outward and both through direct shareholding and hy advertising paid labol. Stringent visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace as well as pressure. Jews injluenL'e political parties through large immigration laws create a authority. We represent the millions of men who are jinancial contributions and the British Communist Party is shortage of labor and afford victims uf closed plants. Private enterprise can work if men controlled by the Jews." labor a strong bargaining in government arc determined to make it work. The After digesting this report Mosley reportedly said: "No position. Thus an insulated inefticiency of the government in which each body cannot wonder the Jew hates Fascism so much - he hates Fascism American economic system perform its assigned duties properly - its mediocrity will be as the burglar hares the policeman. " is able to raise wages to the slow death of all of us. The small tirmcan layoff a In "My Life," Mosley's autobiography of 1968 he looked heights dizzily above the worker but a large tirm cannOllay off machinery unless they subsistence levels in other SNOhack to th is turbulent era and wrote: want to go out of business. The workers are heing exploited countries. " "Jews from East London and elsewhere were prominent now more than ever before by low wage slavery. British in the attack on us at Olympia, hefore 1 ever dealt with the (Note: Wh y is it that our agriculture and industry are being sacriticed for the sole .I'uhjl'CI ()f' tiJe Jews. lite ex-edit()r of the Daily llerald, political leaders want "Free bend!t of illtl"rllation~11 financiers who reap a higher rate of Trade" with no tariffs which interest on thdr investments in low-pay sweat wage llamilton Fyf'e described his observation of Olympia as once protected our jobs? countries. We face disaster on all sides. We need heroic j()/lows: 'I feel Fee to say that I saw bands of young Jews in Why is it that our Oxford St. on their way to the meeting. Every few minutes men and women for the struggle to come. Our movement government no longer they shouted in unison some slogan - they were clearly in a intends to make Britain worthy of its people and the people protects the best interests ( Continued on page 4.) of its own citizens?) \'uilders of the nation. " Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014

Mosley Holds Lar

The King" rallies throughout the nation. explained why they fought for the King: "The issue was never whether or not we were pleased the King's intention to marry this American lady but fighting mood and they got what they wanted." Mosley or not, under our constitution, had the right to wrote: "I attacked certain Jewish interests for the first time whatever woman he chose to marry, and the answer four months later at a meeting in Albert Hall on Oct. 28, clearly that he had. The Cabinet was gUilty of the most 1934 I stated: 'I have been asked to enumerate the ways in flagrant act of dictatorship in hustling Edward off his throne which the Jews have assaulted fascism and 1 will. In the without consulting the people. " first place,' they have physically assaulted us and that can be proven. Fascists have been victimized by Jewish employers - Mobs of Jews, aligned with Communists continued their men and women dismissed for no better reason than that violent attacks against BUF meetings. Mosley was not afraid they were Blackshirts . .. We take up the challenge that they to address this issue on numerous occasions. have thrown down, because they fight against fascism, and against Britain. The organized power of Jewry, in a racial On May 7, 1933 a dozen BUF members selling papers on interest. has consistently striven for the last J 8 months 10 a street corner were attacked and three were injured with one foster the policy of war. From every platform and paper going to the hospital. Eight attackers were arrested and which they control, directly or indirectly, they have striven Police Inspector Satterthwait said: "All appear to be of the 10 arouse in this country the feelings and the passions for Jewish faith. " Two of them, Fegenbaum and Goldstein were war with a nation with whom we made peace in 1918. We sentenced to five weeks in prison. Such Jewish violence fought Germany once in our British quarrel. We shall not became a regular occurrence. i~~~~~.~~~1 fight Germany again in a Jewish quarrel. " "Blackshirt" in Oct. 1933 objected to the Jews' call for The Publications Of The BUF an economic boycott of all German products with this "Action" was launched as a mass distribution newspaper comment: "If Jewry in Britain is British, and places the in 1936 and sold by the tens-of-thousands on street corners interests of Britain first, then it is utterly every weekend. "Fascist Quarterly" was their intellectual inteljering with the internal affairs of Germany magazine. Mosley was constantly on the road speaking as a boycott of German goods. It is not in the many as 200 times a year, (sometimes several times a day on Great Britain that certain of its citizens should use weekends.) This was far more than any other political money power to the detriment of a great and friendly leader in history. He wrote 4 books and over 100 major na£ioll. " articles and made every decision on BUF policy and strategy. He never referred to notes but could talk as long Albert Hall, Oct.. 28, 1934, Mosley said: "The Jews, July 16, 1939, Mosley holds the largest ind. as two hours. Mosley had a natural flow of words and was more than any other single force in this country are carrying Exhibition Hall. Over 30,000 people attend t. Mosley on the rostrum beneath the giant Brit; phenomenal at quoting facts and figures on economic data on a violent propaganda against us." (In an obvious flanked by massed "Honor Standards" repr .. without the slightest hesitation. He would examine a referen.ce to the withdrawa.I. 'if press bilrpn Lord problem and propose a detailed solution. He had policy Rotnermere's support Mosley continued) - "Important statements on the textile industry, farming, protecting small businessmen have come to me and said, 'I dare not come out businessmen, coal, the steel industry, etc. People always for Fascism, or dare not remain with you, because if I did had to pay a fet; to enter a hall to hear Mosley which helped the Jews would ruin me and my business. ,n with expenses. Usually his meetings were packed with standing room only. The media turned the BUF into a Cardiff meeting, April 1934, Mosley charged that, "the "controversial" organization. One month after the fighting Jews prevent our party from obtaining a large hall in this at Olympia hall, in July, 1934, Lord Rothermere of "The city. " Daily Mail" withdrew his support of Mosley. Years later this was explained by Randolph Churchill writing in The Manchester rally in the Free Trade Hall, Nov. 1, 1934: Spectator of Dec. 27, 1963, "I have seen the Daily Mail Mosley said: "An extremely serious threat to Lancashire is abandon the support of Sir Oswald Mosley in the thirties the employment of cheap Oriental labor against the cotton under the pressure of Jewish advertisers. " industry. (Note This is in reference to the transfer of the textile industry of this area to India for low wage labor.) In 1935 all of these problems caused a sharp drop in Greedy capitalism, the usual elements of international finance membership (down to some 20,000). Income for the BUF - are only too willing to seize the opportunity of a higher fell. Mosley was forced to layoff 101 of his salaried rate of interest than they could get here at home. As a employees leaving him with only 39. Blackhouse was result, international loans are advanced to backward closed and a more modest sized premises opened near the countries like India to exploit cheap labor in competition Houses of Parliament. Mosley was also faced with the with Lancashire. For that reason skilled workers from elections for Parliament in 1935 which posed another Lancashire were sent to India to teach Asian workers in Earls Court from the back of the hall showing problem. Was the BUF ready to run candidates for India their jobs! Next their own machinery - which was in The wall banners read "Mind Britain's Bus;nc Parliament? Mosley knew all too well how the defeat of his their mills - was shipped to India! Thus international finance New Party candidates brought about its quick demise. With has destroyed th is Lancash ire industry." all the other problems he had at hand the slogan was adopted "(The cause) is the force which is served by the - "Fascism Next TIme" - meaning waiting until the elections Conservative Party, the Liberal Party, and the Labor Party of 1940. Sir Oswald had no way of knowing that there alike. The force that has dominated Britain ever since would be no "next time" because Britain would then be at World War One and which ruins Lancashire - the force of war and Churchill would postpone all elections until 1945. international Jewry! It is those who have accumula£ed Despite the clouds there were some good signs which great holdings in financial houses who sit in Landon, not portended future progress for Mosley. developing British industry but exploiting foreign industry, He continued to fight too save the textile industry in nOT lending money {() assist British industry and re-equip our Lancashire. In early 1935 a poll in the textile area found mills but going where they can get quicker returns and that over 50% of the people supported the BUF. In early profits, going where women work ill the foul slums of SNOBombay so that the financiers may wax fatter and fatter. " 1936 came the crisis involving the abdication of the young, unconventional and anti-establishment King Edward VIII. The King wanted to marry a commoner who was an (Note: Does this not relate to the mass transfer of American citizen and a divorcee. Mosley knew that Edward U.S. industry to Mexico today'?) was strongly opposed to any war with Germany and he agreed with Mosley's views on unemployment. King "Tomorrow 'Ve Live" - The Mosley Book Edward had stated in South Wales that, "something must be Feb. 18, 1938 Sir Oswald Mosley published his second The BlIF "Women's Drum Corps" leads-­ done." The British Cabinet demanded that Edward give up and most important book which thoroughly explains exactly do"n the cent er aisle of Earls Court wca his throne. Mosley and the BUF held scores of "Stand By how a Fascist government would function. Also Chapter 6 Blackshirts. Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 t Indoor Rally In History Mosley described their is entitled, "The Jewish Question." In part it reads: emblem as - "The flash "The resultant study (by A.K. Chesterton on why Jews of Action in a circle violently oppose Fascism) revealed that a remarkable of British Union !" proportion of Jews were engaged in practices which the system we propose would bring to an end. Throughoutthe collected bicycle chains, brush staves with thick 6-inch nails ages Jews have taken a leading part in international usury in the end and chair legs wrapped with barbed wire. Some and all forms of finance and money lending, while (the 27 BUF members and over 100 Communists were smaller Jews' have engaged in such practices as price­ hospitalized. It was at this meeting that an assassin's bullet. cutting, the exploitation of sweat lab or and other means of s":las.hed.through the window of M()sley's car - miraculously livelihood which any ordered and regulated economy must mlssmg Its target. Thus Moslcy set the date ofOct. 4,1936 bring to an end. So the reason was not far to seek why for a major march of 7,000 uniformed Blackshirts through we had bitter and especial enmity of Jewish interests ... East Lond~n. They would assemble in Royal Mint St. near Our quarrel with the Jewish interests is that they have Tower Bndge and march to meetings in Shored itch, constituted themselves a state within the nation, and have Limehouse, Bow and Bethnal Green with Mosley speaking set the interests of their co-racialists, at home and abroad, at each stop. Communists and Jews along Cable Street above the interest of the British State. An outstanding hoisted red flags and banners copying the slogan of the Reds example of this conduct is the persistent attempt of many in Madrid, Spain reading - "They Shall Not Pass." Some Jewish interests to provoke the world disaster of another 5,000 police were mobilized. The Red mobs threw up war between Britain and Germany, not this time in any barricades across the streets, overturned a truck in the British quarrel, but purely in a Jewish quarrel. middle of the street and had stockpiled cluhs and bricks. They then launched attacks against the police in what is now "Citizens must owe first allegiance to the nation of called "The ." Mosley was riding in which they are members, and not to any faction at home a convertible flanked by a motorcycle escort, alighting for a or abroad. That many Jews regard themselves first as walking inspection of his thousands of marchers greeting members of Jewry, and secondly as British citizens, is not their enthusiastic cheers and sal utes. only a matter of simple observation, but of proof from Police Commissioner, Sir Philip Game ordered Mosley to Jewish literature and statements. British Union, therefore, cbange the route of the march due to the near riotous affirms the simple principle that Jews, who have placed the circumstances. Law abiding to a fault _. 'we obey the law interests of Jewry before those of Britain, must leave Great until we can change it" - Mosley obeyed and to the beat of Britain. In particular, those who have indulged in practices pipe and drums set off on a three mile march westward to alien to British character and tradition must leave these Waterloo Bridge where they dispersed. Mosley said: "This shores ... They have maintained themselves as foreigners is the first occasion on which the British government has lOr rally ever held in the huge Earls Court in our midst and as such they will be regarded, without the openly surrendered to Red terror." Mosley then spoke at I voice their Patriotic anti-war protest. Note privileges of the British citizenship which to them has been several unadvertised mass meetings in East London over the .h nag and "Flash and Circle" banners. He is a secondary consideration ... All nations have a right to next 3 weeks and a "Special Branch" rellOrt at the time enting every BUF branch in Britain. say that foreigners who have abused their hospitality'shall . stated that there was a rapid increase in BUF membership in leave the country and any State has a right to affirm that those areas. In consequence, in Dec. 1936 the government all citizens shall owe allegiance to the nation and not to any capitulated further by passing The Public Order Act which external power... - banned the wearing of "political uniforms." It was thought that this would cause the BUF to lose members. On the "The Jew comes from the Orient and physically, contrary membership would steadily rise through 1937 to mentally and spiritually, is more alien to us than any 1939. While all this was going on Mosley still found time Western nation ... There are many waste places of the to he on the fencing team representing Great Britain in the enrth possessing great potential fertility, and the collective world championships held in Paris in 1937. Despite his war­ wisdom of a new Europe should be capable of finding damaged leg, which made him limp, he was rated as a top territory where the Jews may escape the curse of no swordsman. nationality, and may again acquire the status and opportunity of nationhood. It is true that Palestine is not BUF Enters 1937 Elections available as a home for the Jewish race throughout the Mosley decided to challenge their enemies at the polls in world, for the simple reason that it is already the home of the London County Council (LCC) elections of March 6, the Arabs. Whatever wrongs the Jews are alleged to have 1937. A Gallup Poll had posed the question of whether the suffered will not be righted by the crime of inflicting, with people would support the Fascists or the Communists if violence, far greater wrongs on the Arab ally who trusted given that single choice. Some 56% said they would back the word of Britain in war. Other territory must and can be Mosley which was 7 out of every 10 people. Raven found for the solution of the Jewish problem of the world. Thompson and "Mick" Clarke were the candidates in Bethnal .. The only thing that .Jews cannot ask in the name of Green, Anne Brock Griggs (head of the BUF's woman's justice and humanity, is that Britain should found for them section) and Charles Wegg Prosser fought Limehouse with .n balconies packed with Mosley supporters. that state in blood by the slaughter of Arabs and the rape and Bill Bailey in Shoreditch. While not a 'ss" and "Read Action." of their homes ... In summary, we hold the aim of finding, candidate himself Mosley campaigned vigorously for his together with other European nations, a final solution of slate. He charged that Jews and Communists had organized this vexed question by the creation of a Jewish National attacks upon his candidates' meetings and had halls denied. State !" Mosley told the people that this was their opportunity to (Note: "Tomorrow We live" - the Mosley policy book is "choose between us and the parties of Jewry." The Reds used the slogan, "Vote Labor And Save Madrid." Mosley available from THE TRUTH AT LAST.! countered with "Vote British Union And Save London." When the votcs were counted the BUF had made a nrllish Union Ell'l'lion Campaicn Mosley addressed one of the largest outdoor rallies ever respectahlc showing for a 1irst time effort. Clarke and Thomson polled 23% of the vote (or about 3,000 votes each held in England on June 7, 1936 in East London's Victoria compared to 7,700 for Labor.) Mrs. Griggs and Prosser Park. Some 5,000 uniformed Blackshirts kept order in a SNOpolled 2,000 votes or 19% and Joyce and Bailey 2,500 votes crowd of nearly 100,000. The BUF held an amazing 1,800 or 14%. This had been a so-called "householder" election smaller public meetings in the East End between Oct. 4 and where only the head of the house could vote. (Meaning Nov. 8, 1936. Local Reds and Jews continued to attack the "dad" who paid the tax.) Since most of Mosley's support meetings. David Shermer (who is Jewish) in his book came from young people many observers agreed the BUF "Fascism In Britain" wrote that during tbis period the vote would have been much higher had they been able to "membership ill the Communist Party douhled between 1936 cast a ballot. The press grudgingly admitted that Mosley had One of the large billboards in and 1937 with many young Jews becoming Red militants." he march done well. "The Ohserver" wrote: "The size of their (BUF) London advertising the rally. The most violent Red attack came at the Corporation Field Note the pricf'S for tickets to ring their meeting in lIull in March j'B6. After the lighting the police I'ote was a sllll'rise 1'I'l'n to those ill touch with the Ea.lf enter (he hall! End." Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 Page 6 "Peace With Honor" Drive Threatens Warmongers "The Manchester Guardian" stated: 'The results gained are rather surprising indications of the strength gained (by the t BUF) in some working-class districts. " . ! \ t t··.'J " ,.,.J". ~, Who Backed Mosley? His supporters were typically I~ 'I ,,' small businessmen, such as shopkeepers, craftsmen (tailors, cahinet-makers), hakers, indcpcndcnt theater allu restaurant owners, small hotel proprietors, barbers, fishermen, farmers _ all whose livelihood was and is threatened by the hig monopoly chains. As late as 1938 over 400 inuependent taxi cah drivers turned out to hear Mosley speak against the large taxi companies who threatened their existence. The Press Blackout replaced the defamatory smears against Mosley in 1937 - it was total silence. Thousands would attend a BUF meeting without a word in the press. At the same time the "Nmional ASSIl. of Wholesale News Agents" refused to sell the "Action" newspaper on their newsstands. Muslcy said: "Ollly the //lass lIIeeflll/i call break through the press blackout." He increased all activities. Anti-war fever was growing in Britain and BUF ranks swelled as Mosley took charge of the all-out drive to maintain peace at all costs. Inside The Earls Court Meetine

The America First movement led by CoL Charles Lindbergh grew rapidly between 1939 and 1940 as Patriots worked furiously to keep the U.S. out of World War It Mosley led the peace movement in Britain and despite the unceasing warmongering anu smears that Moslcy was "un­ What Is "FascL';1Il ?" patriotic" the BUF's ranks rose from 30,000 members 111 1937 to 40,000 by 1939. Marches and rallies increased and Blackshirts on the march through London. Neil Francis­ "Tomorrow We Live" by Mosley called for a monster rally for July 16, 1939 in the Hawkins just behind officers hat. Note the band in second Mosley (published in 1938) Earls Court Exhibition Hall (which is much larger than company followed by the color guard and the column stretching is without a doubt the best book ever written enplaning Madison Square Garden). There was a massive national out into the distance. exactly how Fascism works advertising campaign beginning months in advance. Huge Thus ended British Union's finest hour. All who and scientifically raises the signs with Mosley's picture were posted all over London. attended that mighty demonstration for peace with honor standard of living for the Despite a total press blackout thousands of people lined up came away convinced that war could be avoided and that Working Middle Class. You early to buy tickets at Earls Court. The Underground the Government would have to listen to the people. are urged to order this book. (subway) had to add special trains to bring the thousands of However, Churchill was anxious for war at any price. Six Mosley defined Fasrism members and supporters from East London. In fact 30.000 weeks later, at Churchill's urging, on Sept. 3, 1939 war was from a philosophic cheering people filled the hall. It would be the largest declared on Germany. When it ended over 50 million standpoint in the following indoor rally held anywhere in the world up to that time. At Europeans would perish and Britain's wealth and Empire statements: 7:30 pm sharp the BUF London Drum Crops made their would be lost! "Fascism is a definite entry dowrrthe middle of the ball between two long columns system of thought and of Blackshirts, then marched the color guard followed by the The Fight For A Negotiated Peace philosoph y. Its basic BUF Woman's Drum Corps and the massed Honor Mosley had by no means given up the struggle for a principal is private freedom Standards and flags representing every BUF branch in peaceful resolution of the war. He immediately launched an and public service with Britain. Finally, with a fanfare of trumpets and escorted by all out anti-war campaign under the slogan - "MIND talent above privilege. It is Director General Neil Francis-Hawkins and Assist. Dir/Gen. BRITAIN'S BUSINESS." The Daily Mirror in July 1939 a revolt against the special BoD.E. Donovan. the tall erect Sir Oswald Mosley strode up commented:"lhere is no doubt that numerically the adherents privileges of the the central aisle. The cheering and trumpets were nearly to Fascism are increasing." The marches continued against establishment. It allows the deafening. Mounting the lofty rostrum Mosley stood, the war and their numbers kept growing. Over 2 million fittest to rule. somehow symbolic, as a lone tigure, representing the anti-war leaflets were distributed throughout Britain. The "Financial democracy (money power) has polluted massive opposition of a majority of Britons against any entry overwhelming majority of the British people were still into the war. His speech would last one and a half hours opposed to war. The week before the government's politics and th warted the and would be interrupted many times with cheers and chants declaration of war Mosley spoke before the largest street will of the people - which is spelling out his name, "M-O-S-L-E-Y - MOSLEY!" In part meeting in British history at Ridley Rd. Huge throngs of supposed to be the essence he told the vast audience: people attending joined in the march which followed. Three of true democracy. Talent nights later came another massive meeting in Leicester shall be rewarded by "Fellow Britons, tonight the British people are here opportunity. Let the man telling the Parliament, telling the Parties, telling the Square. In October, a month after the war had begun, who has proven himself rise Government something it is time they should hear. This, the Mosley spoke out fm a negotiated peace before a huge to the greatest position in greatest gathering of the English under one roof assembled, audience at Kingsway's Stoll Theater and the Manchester the land. Opportunity must tells the Government - the Parties, , At last we have had Hippodrome. In jail. 1940 the land baltles had begun in be open to all with privilege enough' - Before you drag a million Englishmen to doom we France and Mos1ey issued his booklet, "The British Peace: to none! of British Union will sweep you by the declared will of the HolV to Get it." Within 4 days 20,000 copies sold-out. "Fascism has an British people from seats of power that you disgrace. Soon sales went over 100,000 copies. historic relationship to Julitis Because we do not fear, because we shall be strong, because Caesar. We are based on being MEN, we will make peace with Germany and all great Sir Winston Churchill took note of this opposition to his the will and talent of the nations. This policy declared by Britain to Germany and the war on Jan. 27, 1940 when he spoke in Manchester. He disciplined thousands who world will bring peace and the friendship of men for our was interrupted by shouts of "Mosley And Peace" . In Poole, comprise the Fascist time and our children's time as well. (At the end Mosley Movement. The Blackshirt concluded with) - To the dead heroes of England, in sacred Hugh Ross Williamson had been expelled from the Labor can be a Duke's son or a union, we say: 'Like you we give ourselves to England - Party for writing a pro-peace article in "Action." He dustman, both marching across the ages that divide us - across the gloriesSNO of Britain addressed a Mosley public meeting at Centenary Hall and shoulder to shoulder. He is that unite us - we gaze into your eyes and we giw to you - took a vote Oil hmv many wanted peace - it was half-soldier and half· this holy vow: we will be true - Today, Tomorrow, and overwhelmingly for ]Jeace! A letter of good wishes from politician, tough warriors Forever - ENGLAND LIVES ! " actress Dame Sybil Thorndike was read to the cheering and inspired idealists who aud ience. In March Mosl ey addressed a packed audience in shall reach for the stars with Later in the evening Mosley met with his Blackshirt the same halL Action reported: "To us have come more of their feet planted firmly on the best of the British, more even than before; and they keep the ground. This is the true Guard and told them: "/ need say no more of an evening that dream of the Blackshirts. will not only live forever ill our memory but one day lI'iIllive on joillillg." In the Spring the number of anti-war meetings rose. In London alone the number grew from 41 in Feb. to "Our members are the in British history - such things once born can never die and very flower of the English in (he final struggle can never know defeat. " 137 in April, 1940. Churchill's cronies counter-attacked ( Continued on page 7.) Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 Page 7 The King Honors Mosley In Parade By "Blackhouse"

80 of his chief staff ofticers were arrested - never tu be charged - never to be tried - some were held for over four years in concentration camps - an outrage that never had ever occurred before or since in British history!

They were hcld under the so-called "18b regulation" which provided for secret arrests and internment in secret concentration camps. Many sullered from starvation tiHld rations and hrutal round the clock interrogations. Still the BUF did not close down. The Headquarters was still "pen and to Churchill's consternation Action was still bci(l~ published! In June 1940, even after Mosley's arrc:-t, courageous memhers of the BUF held 5 more peace rallies in London. Then the government ordered the publicatillll and organization to cease all operations. The last issue "t Action of June 6, 1940 wrote: "Our conscience is clear. Be calm and be determined. Be loyal. Be true Britnm' !"

Was it all worth it? Years earlier. Mosley had given the answer: "Better the great adventure, better the great attempt for England's sake, better defeat, disaster, better Jor the end of that trivial thing called a political career, than stifling in a uniform of blue and gold, strutting and posturing on the stage of Little England, amid the scenery of decadence, until history writes of us - 'these were the men to whom was entrusted the Empire of Great Britain, and whose idleness, ignorance and cowardice left it a Spain. " '~':.,t CA .. 'r~t The mass arrests under 18b were draconian. It was like King George V and Queen Mary intentionally paraded by the Fascist "Black house" during their Silver Jubilee celebration in Roosevelt's placing 120,000 Japanese of U.S. citizenship in 935. Mosley leased this entire former teachers' college for his BlJF headquarters. The wall signs read "Blackshirts For King desert concentration camps without charge or trial. (Along and Empire. "In the center ofthe building are large pictures of the King and Queen under which reads "King ToReignOver Us." with hundreds of Germans and Italians - a story still not fully (Fascism - Continued) (Mosley - Continued From Page 6) told.) In Britain some 1,300 anti-war activists were people. They are men and charging that supporting the BUF was backing the enemy. imprisoned including 753 BUF leaders. Also 22,000 women of vision who can More and more young Blackshirts were being drafted into Germans and Austrians along with 4,000 Italians were see the doom coming to the the army. Thus there became a shortage of leaders to keep imprisoned. (Note: For the full story of the horrors of ISb values and position of their the peace campaign going. Thus Olive Hawks and the read" Blackshirts And Roses" - See tJ09~ list.) country and they have the Women's BUF section held a rally at Holborn Hall guarded will and courage to resist it. and addressed by women only. Mrs. Hawks said: Mosley Has The Last Say "Government demands youth shall die in defence of its "Fascism is an explosion blunders." Mosley later thanked them saying: "I could not Sir Oswald Mosley made his comeback after the war again'st intolerable have got a quarter of the way without the women of the with the publication of his new book, "The Alternative." conditions, against remedial BUF. They were, long before today's spurious ideas of This was the basis for the launching of wrongs which the old world 'woman's liberation', true liberated women. " (UM) on Feb. 8, 1948. He had the able assistance of such has failed to remedy. It is Fil:hlinl: For Peace - To The Bitter End the supreme effort of a pre-war BUF activists as Raven Thomson, , The last great peace offensive was launched on the annual nation to survive in a form Robert Row and many others. Action was relaunched and "May Day" 1940 celebration (which they called "British worthy of its greatness. before long 51 UM branches were opened throughout Most people are prisoners of Union Day"). A week before Action sales teams stood every England. Once again they were viciously attacked by such their circumstances and IO yards along London's West End main thoroughfares and radical Jewish hoodlums as the "43rd Group' which used thus 'neutralized' in politics. made record sales. On Sunday morning the 5th of May 17 "knuckle-dusters," clubs with nails, etc. to attack the Only superior men and meetings were held in different parts of London. That after­ speakers and their guards. Once again the "Flash IInd movements can hreak out noon 4 more were held and that night meetings at Victoria Circle" jlag flew in the streets with the return of the and build a New Nation! Park Square and Bethnal Green were packed to suffocation marchers and drum corps - and with Mosley in the lead. to hear Mosley demand nothing less than the resignation of In 1959 Mosley was the first to speak out against the "Fascism insures fair the Government. He told the cheering crowd: "Peace now Negro immigrant invasion of England from the Carihbean competition' not monopoly. before a million lives are lost in this alien quarrel. Peace, Islands. He said: "Someone should give the electorate the The Corporate State is a not on Hitler's terms but by trusting in the might of Britain, opportunity to express an opinion on colored immigration. central direction to supply a peace with honor." There was thunderous applause. A Let's settle the issue by votes and not by violence." Mosley the nation its needs and few days later on May 23, 1940, without notice, Mosley and advocated the end of all immigration due to the high rate of protect the workers and unemployment. Later he would hold the largest rally of any consumers. Every part is a illuminates Britain and lights "Enlightened individuals organization since the end of WW II in Trafalgar Square. function of the whole in need this New Movement. again the path for all The old mass enthusiasm of pre-war days had returned. In protecting the welfare of the Thus we seek out men of mankind." decision, iron will and May 1968 Union Movement polled 20% of the vote in the nation. The Government resolution. Struggle for a "We care not whether we loyal Mosley stronghold of Bethnal Green. Their highest should act as the brain of better future is better than win tomorrow morning, or vote total was 33 % in Moortields in 1953. (This was an the body. Industrial acquiescence in decline and at the end of a lifetime of area of high unemployment and miserable housing combines and financial death! struggle but win we will conditions. They felt that only Mosley could help them.) power cannot be allowed to "This is our generation - because Britain demands it, Mosley explained why they had not achieved political power enslave and exploit the Not Theirs !" and nothing can hold down with this observation: people. the spirit of,' a Britain "Drastic action is only Famous Mosley Ouotes reborn." "All electorate never moves decisively except under severe undertaken if the nation SNOeconomic pressure which is nearly always unemployment. "labor leader Michael "Those who are not for may die. This danger Foot stated in 1968: "No People think twice before upsetting the apple cart of the us are against us !" remains hidden from most rising s tar in the political affluent society. 77zeir attitude is - 'keep your fingers people because of the slow firmament ever shone more crossed so we dOIl't have to move until jorced too.' This is and nearly invisible, "Never apologize; say it a natural reaction. Only a few can see ahead. People are insidious slide into chaos. again and be ruder the brightly than Sir Oswald not willing to throwaway their vote. The new party must be Mosley. By general consent Drastic change is inevitable second time." organized and ill place - ready to serve the people ill their and the breaking point is at he could have become the time nll/eed. It ml/st he prepared to replace the old pani"s "We have lit a flame that leader of either the hand. Normal measures - he Cl movement of service - offering a hand oj help 10 the will never be extinguished. Conservative or the Labor without risk will not rectify (Continued On Page 1'1) the problem. Guard that flame until It Party." Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 Page 8 supply company. Members of the Communist Party and M08 Ie y' 8 Chi ef lie uten ants :~:~n~:;::t~f:;:sy~~; Association of Jewish Ex­ _~ __.... " ....__ • met Francis-Hawkins. " Service·men, IAJEXI. demonstrated demanding his Portraits of the Heroic ___ "' BUF Organizer Dick dismissal. Leaders of The BUF Bellamy said: "Donovan, our Assistant Director General, Hawkins. trying to Alexander Raven Thomson - told me he regarded support his sister, was fired was called the "scholar­ Hawkins as one of the most by a very reluctant employer soldier" of the BUF. Raven. strictly honorable men he who. with tears in his eyes. as he was called by his had ever kno wn; he could said he had no other choice. friends. had studied at promote a man on his merits This was on May 8, 1945. - universities in Scotland. whom he found personally VE Day in Europe. Both the Germany and America. He detestable, and break a Communist "Daily Worker" lectured on the works of friend who did not measure and "Jewish Chronicle" Socrates. Plato. Spengler up to his high standards ! reported with glee that and Shakespeare. A brilliant Hawkins had been fired. This was honesty and intellectual. Raven wrote the Later he was to open his book "Civilization as Divine devotion of a high order. - own business and employed Superman" in 1932. One In A Million Man onlyex-Blackshirts. He died At age 34. in 1933. he Neil Francis-Hawkins was a of a lung ailment on joined the BUF and quickly dynamo of organizational Christmas Day, 1950 at the rose to become "Tile more hnportant than throat­ ',/ ability. The BUF might age of 43. Mosley said: Pllilosopher of Britis" cutting price wars. Great Neil Franci",-Hawkins at left. behind Moslc)' is never have grown so large "Neil Francis-Hawkins Fascism." His next book. Britain was a nation of small John Char{lley. author of "Blackshirts And had it not been for this quiet was a man of courage and "The Coming Corporate shopkeepers which smashed Roses" and Jean Forster, Hull's Woman's 8lJF but stern figure. devotion to duty and State" made him the main Napoleon and we can inflict leader. Hawkins suffered from honesty of the highest economic theorist of the yet another Waterloo on the bronchial asthma. His war order." Neil Francis-Hawkins -­ BUF_ Raven became chain-store octopus." time internment under John Christian, writing in was the dedicated and Director of BUF Policy and A dynamic speaker, he Churchill's 18b regulation in "Comrade" declared: "We meticulous administrator of was editor of "Action" 1939 would create a feeling of the notorious Brixton Prison who marched with him the National Headquarters of - 1940. euphoria in his audience. for four years worsened his during those stirring times the BUF. While not a writer Explained Fascism Raven polled the highest condition. Hawkins was the cannot forget him, for he is or a speaker his courage in In 1935 Raven outlined vote of any BUF candidate sole support of his invalid part of us. For those who CriSIS was legendary. how Fascism protects the (23% in 1937.) sister Elspeth after his follow, remember the words Mosley could never have small businessman. He Fighter To The End mother died in 1936. H e of regards of his old found anyone else better said: "The independent Raven Thomson was was banned from entering comrades as an example of qualified to run the BUF. businessman is caught interned in prison for 4 London after his release on one man's pursuit of high In the 1920's Hawkins between the upper millstone years without charge or trial Oct. 4. 1944. It would be purpose - You may not was a member of the of trustification (chain-store under Churchill's draconian shake the world, but you "." the first months before this would be monopolies) and the lower 18b regulation. After the waJ have found your way to such group in Britain. When lifted. Hawkins got a job as millstone of socialism. war he joined Mosley's new the stars- ,- Mosley founded the BUF in deputy head of a medical Fascism would preserve organization. "Union 1932 Hawkins was one of their independence through Movement." He was editor the first to join and brought a distributive corporation to of their publication "Union" the bulk of his supporters limit competition by from 1948 until his untimely "Tomorrow Wo live" Mosley defines "Fascism" on money. with him. He rose quickly eliminating alien controlled death on Oct. 30. 1955 at nationalism, how "The Corporate State" operates and the through the ranks to chain stores. by preventing age 54. Mosley wrote: Jewish problem. 4 pounds or IU.S. $5.1 ___- become London Organizer. over production and "He died young, and we "Blackshirts And Roses" by John Charnley. BUF leader in Hull spreading out business units his friends will always feel He was responsible for the East. An inside look at the operation of a BUF branch. A detailed. more widely." that the prison years and first successful mass wrenching. study of life in Churchill's 18b concentration camps. (To the criticism that this the decline of his country meetings at The Albert Hall Hard cover. 30 photos. 245 pages. only 13pounds or (U.S. $18.95). would limit efficiency combined to curtail a life and Olympia. He personally ~Mosley's Blackshirts" - The fascinating experiences of average Thomson replied:) which would have been of led more BUF marches than people who joined the BUF. Separate stories of a shopkeeper. "Maintaining a high standard brillian t service to the any other officer. Hawkins housewife. farmer. baker. school teacher. etc. - Very revealing of living for the many is nation. .. was promoted to National -90 pages. 5 pounds or (U.S. $6.95). Organizer and finally to "I!e"t. 01 Coml·_a.