timeline for http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html Timeline for China 1700 - 2008

Dates marked by * are ones you should know precisely.

DATE WORLD

POLITICS SOCIETY CULTURE PEOPLE

Late Qing Period (1700 - 1911) Rites Controversey 1700-1740 leads to withdrawal of Jesuit mission "Macartney Era of the Mission" -- French failed attempt to Revolution establish British- (1789-1800) 1793 Chinese initiates the diplomacy in spread of framework of social "Tribute radicalism in System" Europe White Lotus Uprising signals 1796-1804 anti-Manchu unrest and social decay Commissioner Lin Zexu arrives 1839 in Canton to put an end to trade

1 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

Opium War -- Establishment British defeat of "Treaty China in South Ports" and 1840-1842* China and force cession of Hong terms of "Treaty Kong to Britain of " as a colony Europe's "Revolutionary Year" brings doctrines of 1848 Karl Marx

(1818-1883) to prominence Hong Xiuquan, leader of rebellion Taiping South China "Christian" Anti-Taiping Taiping largely out of 1850-1864 ideology forces ulti Rebellion Qing gov't sweeps South mately control China under control of Zeng Guo-fan's protege Li Rapid growth of First period of foreign presence active in expanding importation of array of "Treaty Western ideas Hongzhang Ports," which -- policy of "Era of Self Prime Minister 1864-1894 include foreign "adopt Strengthening" "concessions" Western Rising power of (urban districts Techniques & Empress/Empress under preserve Dowager Cixi non-Chinese Chinese administration) Spirituality"

Yuan Shikai Sino-Japanese attempts 1894-95 War to lead Chinese

2 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

armies in Reform programs of -- Kang flees to Japan after forces loyal to Cixi stage coup The "Hundred 1898 Other Chinese Days" revolutionaries in Japan include Sun Yat-sen, who formulates political program of "Three People's Principles" 1900* Boxer Uprising Russo- Japanese War -- Japan's victory increases Japanese End of power in Confucian 1905 Korea and Examination Manchuria System Abortive revolution in Russia signals rising power of social radicalism Republican Sun Yat-sen Revolution named breaks out in "Provisional Japan annexes 1911 military barracks President" Korea (1910) in Wuchang -- meets little Shi-kai

3 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

resistance in near-bloodless brokers ouster of Qing "surrender" Manchu dynasty Republican China (1912-1949) Establishment of Yuan Shikai 1912* Republic of becomes first China President Sun Yat-sen establishes the Nationalists win "National first (and only) People's Party" fully democratic 1913 (the national election Kuo-min-tang in China -- Yuan [KMT], or Shikai dissolves Guomindang new parliament [GMD]) Reduced influence of Europe in East World War I 1914-1918 Asia

Rise of Japanese power in China Japan issues the 1915 "Twenty-One Demands" 1916 Yuan Shikai dies US entry into war on basis of Wilsonian "Self- Adulation of determination Woodrow of nations" Wilson Communist 1917 Rise of liberal Revolution in currents Russia -- among urban Lenin intellectuals

(1870-1924)

4 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

comes to power National Rapid government in dissemination in hands of Western 1917-1927 of loyalists of political, Decade composes "Kong northers social, and Yiji" and other "Warlord" artistic ideas in fiction of social strongmen urban centers criticism

May 4th Initiation of Mussolini Treaty of Uprising May 4th forms Fascist Versailles ending protests Chinese Movement Party in Italy 1919* World War I government's Liberal trends -- becomes signed in France capitulation at in literature & Prime Minister Versailles academics in 1922 a Chinese Communist 1921 Party [CCP] established in Beijing founding member of CCP KMT-CCP 1923 Alliance established Death of Sun 1925 Yat-sen Chiang Kai-shek Culmination of Northern "Second Stalin takes Expedition Revolution" power in 1927* Purge of CCP by (or USSR (Lenin consolidates KMT "Nationalist d. 1924) Revolution") power within KMT KMT's "New The "Nanjing Life" Decade" -- movement Dominance of the 1927-1937 KMT in control; combines Soong family in capital in Confucian and KMT government Nanjing Fascist ideas --

5 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

Nationalist Revolution takes sharp right-wing turn CCP in Jiangxi CCP intitates (in southeast) -- 1927-1934 Land Reform in Period of Jiangxi "Jiangxi Soviet" Era of woldwide 1929-1939 Great Depression Japanese army stages phony "Mukden Incident" as Japanese pretext to invade 1931 militarists gain all Manchuria control and establish puppet state of Manchukuo (1932) Hitler becomes 1933 Chancellor in Germany KMT Mao takes control "encirclement of CCP at "Zunyi campaigns" vs. 1934-1935* Conference," CCP, leads to midway in Long The Long March March Development CCP leadership in of Maoist hands of Mao ideology (general leader & ideologue), Zhou CCP in Yan'an "Yan'an Sprit" Enlai CCP introduces (in northwest) -- and leadership 1936-46 moderate land the "Yan'an of "Eighth reform in North Period" Route Army" (diplomacy), Zhu (later "People's De (military) Liberation Army", or PLA)

6 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

Xi'an Incident [Sian Incident]-- Chiang Kai-shek kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang

1936 Chiang's release initiates KMT-CCP United Front against Japan (to 1942) The War of Joseph Stilwell World War II Resistance commands in Europe Against Japan KMT Flight of American forces (1939-45) (World War II in government refugees to in China aiding 1937-45* East Asia) retreats to US Chongqing & KMT begins with Chongqing in engagement, Yan'an Marco Polo southwest "Dixie Mission" 1941-1945 Bridge Incident of US forces in (Pearl Harbor (7/7/37) Yan'an (1944-45) 12/7/41) KMT-CCP Beginning of 1946-1949 Civil War Cold War Communist Period -- Maoist Phase (1949 -

1976) "Liberation" -- KMT forces retreat to 1949* Establishment of the People's Republic of China McCarthy era in US 1950-1953 Korean War Death of Stalin (1953) Five-Anti 1952 Campaign

7 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

Emergence of 1956-1960 "Sino-Soviet Split" Khrushchev in Hundred power in 1956-57 Flowers USSR -- Campaign retreat from Stalinism Anti-Rightist 1957-58 Campaign Widespread Great Leap 1958-1959* famine kills up Forward to 30 million Era of "retrenchment" 1960-1962 -- moderates in control Dominance of "Politics in moderates Liu "Downward command" of Shaoqi and Deng transfer" Beginning of Socialist education -- Xiaoping program US 1962-1965 Education school relocates engagement in Campaign admissions millions of Vietnam based on "intellectuals" politics

Rise to dominant power of Jiang Election of Qing Richard Nixon and (1968) -- Red Guards PLA Henry Campaign Cultural exercise primary chief Kissinger 1966-1970* against the Revolution power in Lin Biao (purge National "Four Olds" provices of moderates) Security Advisor / Secretary of State

Final US Latter phase of PLA leading Jiang Qing leads defeat in 1970-1976 Cultural social force "Gang of Four" Vietnam Revolution (1975)

8 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

Lin Biao dies fleeing from Ping-pong botched coup 1971 Diplomacy with US Foreign policy control under Richard Nixon 1972 visits China Death of Chiang Kai-shek in Death of Zhou Taiwan (1975) Enlai (1/8) -- rise of Suppression of Chiang April memorial Death of Mao Ching-kuo Arrest of Gang demonstrations Zedong (9/9) 1976* of Four for Zhou Enlai (Oct. 6) at Tiananmen -- Hua Guofeng Deng Xiao-ping head of state -- goes into hiding reemergence of (Pres. Deng Xiaoping 1975-88) leads to political liberalization in ROC Post-Mao China (1976 - ) Deng in full Carter control; Hua administration Birth & death of Guofeng forgotten announces 1978-79 "Democracy shift of US Wall" Wei Jingsheng diplomatic ties imprisoned for from Taiwan political protests to Beijing Jiang Qing imprisoned (commits suicide, 1991) Trial of Gang of 1980 Four Appointment of Hu Yaobang (Premier) and Zhao Ziyang (Chairman)

9 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

Student demonstrations and Gorbachev's anti-government policies 1987 protests lead to liberalize Hu Yaobang's USSR dismissal. Li Peng appointed Premier Death of Hu Yaobang Lee Teng-hui President of Zhao Ziyang ROC disgraced, Jiang (Taiwan), Tiananmen 1988-2000 1989* Zemin appointed Incident Fall of the Berlin Wall -- Cold War begins its end Chairman Reversion of Death of Deng 1997 Hong Kong to Xiaoping Chinese control Appointment of Zhu Rongji as Premier signals 1998 policy of economic pragmatism Election in Taiwan of US grants China Chen permanent Shui-bian and normal trade 2000 relations; preparation to enter WTO end of KMT control China enters 2001 WTO

10 of 11 8/28/12 1:35 PM timeline for china http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/Time2.html

New Politburo led by

President Bush signals Taiwan "Fourth to avoid Generation" 2003 President Hu provoking leadership Jintao and Prime PRC on issue installed Minister Wen of Taiwan Jiabao independence

Chen Shui-bian wins second term in 2004 contentious Taiwan election KMT returns to power under Ma Ying-jeou on a platform China prepares of to host its first 2008 rapprochement Olympic with PRC Games

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