Editor's Note Contents

Dear Friends, 05 Do It Yourself

As the last month of the year, let us look at 06 The Open Page ways to ring in the New Year! Let us, for 10 Sports – International s t a r t e r s c o m m e n c e w i t h c e r t a i n commitments to ourselves and our 20 Sports and Its History environment. Why wait for the New Year to take new resolutions? Let us look at what we 22 History of English can do, whether it is good for the 24 Human History environment and the society, and if so, why wait to do good? Let us start now! We have 26 Current Affairs – International all been reading about global warming, 3Rs, and other crucial things. So, let us make a 27 The Universe pledge to start small, from our end, like 33 Health Food switching off unwanted lights and fans, limiting our television viewing time, trying to 34 Science and Technology spend more time in the open air…. What else can you think of from your end to add to 38 Current Affairs – International this? Please share your thoughts! 39 Birbal Caught the Thief

For the first time in India, on the Brigade 40 Health Tips Road in Bengaluru, 20 per cent of the automated paid parking facility has been 41 Thirukkural reserved for women. It makes it easy for women to park and to reach their 43 Current Affairs – International destinations more safely, instead of parking 44 Culture of India in far-off stretches and walk. 46 Mapping India The cyclone Ockhi has left large-scale damage and devastation in its wake. 48 Environment However, of significant mention is the quick 52 Know Your City turn-around of the administration to help restore normalcy as early as possible. 56 Sports – International

Another event of mention is the return of the 57 Indian Independence Movement Miss World crown to India after 17-years. Manushi Chhillar of India brought fame and 60 Current Affairs – National pride to India by returning the crown to the 61 A Crow and His Three Friends country, thereby equaling the record of Venezuela for the maximum number of 64 Nobel crowns won over the years. 67 Olympic Games Hoping that the New Year brings in brighter beginnings, and Wishing you all a Very 71 Dance Forms Happy New Year from team The Children! 73 Sports – International

Keep reading! 74 History of Indian Music

With warm regards, 77 The King and The Foolish Monkey Anand G Editor 78 Travel and Leisure 82 International Sporting Events

pg - 3 of a yearly contribution reporters to make e call for student W every issue, five student per individual. For maximum 3 pages content. opportunity to contribute will be given an reporters for printing, will be have been selected Students, whose content paid a stipend. Students can contribute on any of the following topics: · Interesting facts · World around them · Art work · Poems or stories written by them · Any book reviews · Reportage of school events / cultural events · Puzzles and crosswords of their own creation This activity is only for our subscribers. Do It Yourself 05 The topic for this month’s Do it Yourself is creating useful items from waste at home. Invariably all household have water and juice cans at home that are thrown away creating a larger problem of non-biodegradable waste that the world is grappling with to handle.

However, let us give vent to our creativity and create lovely flower vases or potted plant ideas with these water and juice cans.

We request our young readers to give wings to their creativity and come up with some innovative ideas. Create some exotic pieces and send us pictures of your creation along with your name, class, school, to [email protected]

We look forward to a lot of innovative ideas and fresh thought process! Shri T S Krishnamurthy Former Chief Election Commissioner, Government of India An exclusive interview with the editor, G Anand

Q: What are the key components of Constitution of designed to suit the needs of a developing nation with India that you would like the children to know a much larger population and minorities within it. All about? this was taken into account when framing the new Constitution. Shri T S Krishnamurthy: The Constitution of India is a document that establishes the political values, the There was a vision for the citizens of free India, an idea powers of Government, and the rights of the citizens or plan for what values the new nation would be built of the country. It is the Supreme Law of India and is on. This is brought out in the preamble, the used by the Prime Minister, his cabinet of ministers, introduction to the Constitution, so to speak. and the courts to govern the country. The first line of the Constitution 06 states: Before India came under the British Rule, it was a collection of princely “We, the people of India, having states, each of which had their own solemnly resolved to constitute law based on separate religion, India into a sovereign socialist philosophy, and even ideas about secular democratic republic and to beauty and art. When the British secure to all its citizens: came to power, they ruled colonial Justice, social, economic, and India with a set of rules and political; structure of government that was Liberty, of thought, expression, similar to their own. belief, faith, and worship;

The leaders of Independent India Equality of status and of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar realised that this new code would opportunity; need to take into consideration the diversity of the land. They used the existing British model of And to promote among them all government to set up a new framework that catered to Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the needs of the various communities of India. the unity and integrity of the nation;

Q: Can you throw some light on the framing of the In our constituent assembly this twenty-sixth day of Constitution of India? November, 1949, do hereby Adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this constitution.” Shri T S Krishnamurthy: The task of framing the Constitution fell upon Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. Although modeled on the British Constitution, it is Shri Kiran Kumar, Chairman, ISRO An exclusive interview with the editor, G Anand

Q: How was your University days?

Shri Kiran Kumar: Up to pre-University, I studied in science stream undergo core engineering topics Hassan. After that, I moved to a premier institution in while those who come from engineering undergo Bangalore called National College, where I also had core science topics. Through this one gets exposure the opportunity to actually interact with a very to nuclear engineering, vacuum engineering in solid significant personality, Mr. H. Narasimhayya, who state physics. was the Principal of the college, and a physics professor. As a rationalist, he used to conduct Even the project I did was a very programmes where there will be interesting one. Medical x-ray intense debates between Sai Baba’s films, which are taken by doctors, magic, like bringing out few things. some of the x-ray quality will not be Abraham Coore trying to rationalise good due to poor exposure and all a n d e x p l a i n . W e h a d a n that. Now, there was a dilapidated 07 opportunity to see at close lathe which was there, which was quarters, a person of that type. converted into a drum scanner. Today, if you want to make a copy, you take your I did Physics Honours in National mobile phone and do it. But, in those days, College. This course gave us intense exposure to there was no Xerox, there was no copying machine. basic physics from relativity to quantum mechanics. So, you have to start making it on a turned lathe, you After that, I did my Master’s in Technology (M.Tech) in pass light through the film, and then, based on that, Physical Engineering. That was a unique course, in the sense, that it was an inter-disciplinary course that convert it into an electrical signal, and in an electrical bridged the gap between scientists and engineers. domain you do filtering, processing, and then write back into another film. This way you are avoiding the So, people could enter either from science stream or exposure of the patient to another dosage of x-ray, from engineering stream. Those who come from thereby helping them.

Your teeth start growing Babies can only see Your brain uses up about Women blink twice 6 months before black and white 20% of all your body's as much as men you are born when they are born oxygen and calories Sports – International

Match 1: Match 5: Match 3: Rugby Union England versus Argentina: England versus Australia: England won 21-8 Scotland versus Samoa: Scotland England won 30-6 won 44-38 It was not the best display of game England had a fifth successful run by England, however, a much Samoa put up a stiff second half against Australia. poorer Argentina ensured no fight back. At 32-10, Scotland was Match 6: threat to England until the final 10 more than three tries ahead. The minutes. match should have been over Ireland versus Fiji: Ireland won 23- without a contest. However, the 20 Match 2: forwards of Samoa put up a very First half tries laid the foundation Ireland versus South Africa: good fight in the second half. for Ireland’s 23-20 win over Fiji at Ireland won 38-3 Scotland survived their inaugural match. the Aviva Stadium. With South Africa in the reckoning, Match 7: Ireland turns a negative into a Match 4: positive with some really nice Wales versus Australia: Australia Scotland versus New Zealand: display of rugby. This is Ireland’s won 29-21 New Zealand won 22-17 biggest ever win over South Africa. Ireland scored four tries at Played at the Principality Stadium, Scotland fell short of pulling off a the Aviva Stadium in the opening Wales suffers 13th successive great result. New Zealand finished match of the Guinness Series. defeat against Australia. the final 20 minutes with 14 men, Sports – International desperately wobbling against the India versus New Zealand ropes, but Scotland could not apply the knockout blow. Internationals Match 8:

Wales versus Georgia: Wales won 13-6

The experimental Wales team beat a determined Georgia at the Principality Stadium in the very first encounter of the two sides.

Match 9:

England versus Samoa: England won 48-14

England finished the autumn series with New Zealand toured India, and as part of the series, India and New a flourish, scoring seven tries against Zealand engaged in three Twenty20 Internationals. Samoa in a 48-14 victory at Twickenham. The first was played on 1 November 2017 at Match 10: the Feroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi. India won the match by 53 runs.

Ireland versus Argentina: Ireland won India 202/3: Shikhar Dhawan 80 (52), Rohit Sharma 80 (55), Ish 28-19 Sodhi 4-0-25-2, Trent Boult 4-0-49-1

Ireland completed the autumn series New Zealand 149/8: Tom Latham 39 (36), Kane Williamson 28 clean sweep with a hard fought 28-19 (24), Axar Patel 4-0-20-2, Yuzvendra Chahal 4-0-26-2 victory over Argentina at the Aviva Stadium. The second Twenty20 International was played on 4 November 2017 at the Saurashtra Association Stadium, Rajkot. New Match 11: Zealand won the match by 40 runs. Scotland versus Australia: Scotland New Zealand 196/2: Colin Munro 109 (58) , Martin Guptill won 53-24 45 (41), Yuzvendra Chahal 4-0-36-1, Mohammed Siraj 4-0-53-1 Scotland won two out of three matches in the 2017 autumn series. The first India 156/7: Virat Kohli 65 (42), MS Dhoni 49 (37), Trent Boult 4-0- victory was against Samoa. The second 34-4, Ish Sodhi 4-0-25-1 was against the 14-men Australian team The third Twenty20 International was played on 7 November 2017 at BT Murrayfield. at the Greenfield International Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram. Falcons can swoop Match 12: India won the match by 6 runs. at over 200 mph. Wales versus New Zealand: New India 67/5: Manish Pandey 17 (11), Hardik Pandya 14 (10) not out, Zealand won 33-18 Tim Southee 2-0-13-2, Ish Sodhi 2-0-23-2

A brace of tries from its wingers helped New Zealand 61/6: Colin de Grandhomme 17 (10) not out, Glenn New Zealand to a 33-18 victory over Phillips 11 (9), Jasprit Bumrah 2-0-9-2, Bhuvneshwar Kumar 2-0- Wales at the Principality Stadium. 18-1, Kuldeep Yadav 1-0-10-1 Sports – International

India versus Sri Lanka Test Series

Sri Lanka toured India and as part declared: Virat Kohli 104 (208) not of the tour, engaged in a 3-match out, S Dhawan 94 (175), MD Test series with India. Shanaka 22-1-76-3, RAS Lakmal 24.4-4-93-3 India First Innings 610/6 declared: The First Test was played from 16 – Virat Kohli 213 (386), CA Pujara 20 November 2017 at Eden Sri Lanka Second Innings 75/7: N 143 (501), M Vijay 128 (313), RG Gardens, Kolkata. The match was Dickwella 27 (60), LD Chandimal Sharma 102 (91) not out, MDK a draw. 20 (61), B Kumar 11-8-8-4, Perera 45-2-202-3, HMRKB Mohammed Shami 9.3-4-34-2 India First Innings 172 all out: CA Herath 39-11-81-1 Pujara 52 (182), WP Saha 29 The Second Test was played from Sri Lanka Second Innings 166 all (128), RAS Lakmal 19-12-26-4, 24 – 27 November 2017 at out: LD Chandimal 61 (111), RAS MDK Perera 7-1-19-2 Vidarbha Cricket Association Lakmal 31 (52) not out, R Ashwin Stadium, Nagpur. India won the 17.3-4-63-4, RA Jadeja 11-5-28-2 Sri Lanka First Innings 294 all out: match by an innings and 239 runs. HMRKB Herath 67 (126), AD Mathews 52 (147), B Kumar 27-5- Sri Lanka First Innings 205 all out: 88-4, Mohammed Shami 26.3-5- LD Chandimal 57 (156), FDM 14 100-4 Karunaratne 51 (211), R Ashwin 28.1-7-67-4, I Sharma 14-3-37-3, Peanuts aren’t nuts, India Second Innings 352/8 RA Jadeja 21-4-56-3 they are legumes.

Ashes Series

The 2017-18 Ashes Series is an light 9.3 overs were lost on day Hazlewood 16-3-46-3, MA Starc ongoing series of one. 16-1-51-3 matches being played between England and Australia for The England First Innings 302 all out: Australia Second Innings 173 no Ashes. The Series is being played JM Vince 83 (239), DJ Malan 56 loss: DA Warner 87 (209) not out, at five venues across Australia (186), MA Starc 28-4-77-3, PJ CT Bancroft 82 (210) not out, SCJ between 23 November 2017 and 8 Cummins 30-8-85-3 Broad 10-2-20-0 January 2018. Australia First Innings 328 all out: In the First Test played from 23 to SPD Smith 141 (512) not out, SE 27 November 2017 at The Gabba, Marsh 51 (169), SCJ Broad 25-10- Brisbane, Australia won the match 49-3, JM Anderson 29-10-50-2 by 10 . England Second Innings 195 all England won the toss and elected out: JE Root 51 (159), JM Baristow to bat first. Due to rain and bad 42 (126), NM Lyon 24-4-67-3, JR Sports – International Abu Dhabi Brazilian Grand Prix Grand Prix

The 2017 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 26 November 2017 at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was formerly called the 2017 Formula 1 The 2017 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 12 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand November 2017 at the Autodromo Jose Carlos Pace in the Interlagos Prix. neighbourhood of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was formerly called the Formula 1 Grande Premio Heineken do Brasil 2017. The race was the final round of the 2017 season and marked the The race was the penultimate round of the 2017 season and marked the ninth running of the Abu Dhabi forty-sixth running of the Brazilian Grand Prix, the forty-fifth time that the Grand Prix and the ninth time that race had been run as a World Championship event since the inaugural the race has been run as a World 16 session in 1950, and the thirty-fourth World Championship event to be Championship event since the held at Interlagos. inaugural season in 1950. Mercedes driver Valtteri Bottas started from pole position with Ferrari’s Mercedes driver Valtteri Bottas Sebastian Vettel and Kimi Raikkonen behind, after World Champion controlled the pace throughout Lewis Hamilton crashed out of qualifying early and started from the pit the race to win from pole position. lane. Vettel overtook Bottas on the first corner, after which he set the pace Lewis Hamilton finished in close through most of the race. second place, with Sebastian Vettel finishing third. Daniel Vettel won the Grand Prix, followed by Bottas, and Raikkonen. Hamilton, Ricciardo’s Red Bull retired due to eventually, climbed to fourth, closing to less than one second of a mechanical failure, which was podium finish. significant in facilitating fourth Vettel place for Kimi Raikkonen in the Driver’s Championship. Valtteri Bottas Sports – International

DICTIONARY

Knowledge: (noun) / nol-ij l Acquaintance with facts, truths, Zimbabwe versus West Indies or principles, as from study or Second Test Investigation; A knowledge of accounting is The eighth- stand of and Regis necessary for this job. Chakabva dashed the hopes of a 2-0 victory for West Indies. This stand ensured that the match was brought to a close with Cover: (verb) / kuhv-er both captains settling for a draw at the start of the mandatory l To place something over or upon, overs. With this draw, West Indies wins the series 1-0. as for protection,concealment, or warmth: Raza, who also scored 80 in the first innings, became the second player in history after to pass 80 twice Cover the pot with the lid. and take five wickets in a Test, was named Man of the Match. Array: (verb or noun) / uh-rey Devendra Bishoo, with 13 wickets across two Tests, was named Man of the Series. l Verb: to place in proper or desired order; marshal; Zimbabwe, First Innings, 326 all out: H Masakadza 147 (363), 16 l Noun: dress Sikandar Raza 80 (184), KAJ Roach 18.1-5-44-3, ST Gabriel 22-4-64-2, D Bishoo 25-2-82-2 Napoleon arrayed his troops for battle. West Indies, First Innings, 448 all out: JO Holder 110 (281), He arrived at the party in fine array. SO Dowrich 103 (286), Sikandar Raza 48-12-99-5, TS Chisoro Ring: (noun or verb) / ring 41.2-9-113-3 l Noun: a typically circular band of Zimbabwe, Second Innings, 301/7: Sikandar Raza 89 (300), metal or other durable material, RW Chakabva 71 (224) not out, ST Gabriel 21-7-34-2, KAJ especially one of gold or other Roach 22-10-37-2, D Bishoo 34-7-74-2 precious metal, often set with gems, for wearingon the finger as an ornament, a token of betrothal or marriage, etc. l Verb: to welcome or bring in The bride and the groom exchanged rings, and had a grand wedding. Roopini had organised a grand party to ring in the New Year. Mood: (noun) / mood l A state or quality of feeling at a particular time I am not in the mood to see a movie. In Europe, early footballs were rubber panels, at the Paris Exhibition Universelle. The made of animal bladders, in ball was to prove popular in early forms of football in particular, pig's bladders, which the USA. were inflated. Later leather coverings were introduced to allow The iconic ball with a regular the balls to keep their shape. p a t t e r n o f h e x a g o n s a n d However, in 1851, Richard Lindon pentagons did not become a n d W i l l i a m G i l b e r t , b o t h popular until the 1960s, and was shoemakers from the town of first used in the World Cup in 1970. Rugby (near the school), exhibited round and oval-shaped balls at the Modern Ball Passing Tactics Great Exhibition in London. Richard Lindon Richard Lindon's wife is said to The earliest reference to a game of football involving players passing the ball and attempting to score past 13 have died of lung disease caused by blowing up pig's a goalkeeper was written in 1633 by David bladders. Lindon also won medals for the invention of Wedderburn, a poet and teacher in Aberdeen, the 'Rubber inflatable Bladder' and the 'Brass Hand Scotland. Nevertheless, the original text does not Pump'. state whether the allusion to passing as 'kick the ball In 1855, the US inventor back' was in a forward or backward direction or Charles Goodyear – who had between members of the same opposing teams. patented vulcanised rubber – exhibited a spherical football, with an exterior of vulcanised Charles Goodyear Shrewsbury School, called a meeting at Trinity College, Cambridge with 12 other representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, and Shrewsbury. An eight-hour Royal Engineers FC in 1869 / 70 m e e t i n g p r o d u c e d w h a t amounted to the first set of Scientific football is first recorded modern rules, known as the in 1839 from Lancashire and in the Cambridge rules. No copy of Sheffield Football Club modern game in Rugby football these rules exist, but a revised from 1862 and from Sheffield FC version from 1856 is held in the its own code of football: the as early as 1865. The first side to library of Shrewsbury School. The Sheffield rules. The code was play a passing combination game rules clearly favour the kicking largely independent of the public was the Royal Engineers FC in game. Handling was only allowed school rules, the most significant 1869 / 70. By 1869, they were when a player catches the ball difference being the lack of an working well together, backing up, directly from the foot entitling offside rule. a n d b e n e f i t t i n g f r o m t h e them to a free kick and there was a cooperation. By 1870, the primitive offside rule, disallowing The code was responsible for Engineers were passing the ball: players from loitering around the many innovations that later “Lieut. Creswell, who having opponents' goal. The Cambridge spread to association football. brought the ball up the side then rules were not widely adopted These included free kicks, corner kicked it into the middle to another outside English public schools kicks, handball, throw-ins, and the 13 of his side, who kicked it through crossbar. By the 1870s, they the posts the minute before time Sheffield Rules became the dominant code in the was called.” Passing was a regular north and midlands of England. At feature of their style. this time, a series of rule changes by both the London and Sheffield By early 1872, the Engineers, FAs gradually eroded the were the first football team differences between the two renowned for playing beautifully games until the adoption of a together. A double pass is first common code in 1877. reported from Derby school against Nottingham Forest in Australian Rules March 1872, the first of which is By the late 1850s, many football irrefutably a short pass. The first c l u b s h a d b e e n f o r m e d There is archival evidence of side to have perfected the modern throughout the English-speaking football games being played in formation was Cambridge world, to play various codes of various parts of Australia University AFC and introduced the football. Sheffield Football Club, throughout the first half of the 19th 2-3-5 pyramid formation. founded in 1857 in the English city century. The origins of an of Sheffield by Nathaniel Creswick organised game of football known Cambridge Rules and William Prest, was later today as Australian rules football In 1848, at Cambridge University, recognised as the world's oldest can be traced back to 1858 in Mr. H de Winton and Mr. J C club playing association football. Melbourne, the capital city of Thring, who were both formerly at However, the club, initially, played Victoria. In July 1858, Tom Wills, an Australian-born cricketer educated at Rugby School in England, wrote a letter to Bell's Life in Victoria & Sporting Chronicle, calling for a football club with a code of laws to keep cricketers fit during winter. This is considered by historians to be a defining moment in the creation of Australian rules football. T h r o u g h p u b l i c i t y a n d Tom Wills H C A Harrison personal contacts Wills was able to coordinate football matches in Melbourne that The rules were updated several times during the experimented with various rules, the first of which was 1860s to accommodate the rules of other influential played on July 31, 1858. One week later, Wills Victorian football clubs. A significant redraft in 1866 umpired a schoolboy's match between Melbourne by H C A Harrison's committee accommodated the Grammar School and Scotch Geelong Football Club's rules, making the game then College. Following these known as Victorian Rules increasingly distinct from matches, organised other codes. It soon adapted cricket fields and an football in Melbourne oval ball, used specialised goal and behind posts, rapidly increased in and featured bouncing the ball while running, and 13 popularity. spectacular high marking. The game spread quickly to other Australian colonies. Outside of its heatland in Wills and others involved in southern Australia the code experienced a significant these early matches formed period of decline following World War I but has since the Melbourne Football Club grown throughout Australia and in ( t h e o l d e s t s u r v i v i n g other parts of the world, and Australian football club) on May the Australian Football 14, 1859. Club members Wills, League emerged as the William Hammersley, J B Thompson, and Thomas H dominant professional Smith met with the intention of forming a set of rules competition. that would be widely adopted by other clubs. The committee debated rules used in English public school games, Wills pushed for various rugby football rules he learnt during his schooling. The first rules share similarities with these games, and were shaped to suit Australian conditions. H C A Harrison, a seminal figure in Australian football, recalled that his cousin Wills wanted a game of our own. The code was distinctive in the prevalence of the mark, free kick, tackling, lack of an offside rule, and that players Reindeers eat moss were specifically penalised for throwing the ball. because it contains a The Melbourne football rules were widely distributed chemical that stops their and gradually adopted by the other Victorian clubs. body from freezing.