THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES

FROM THE LIBRARY OF

ELI SOBEL

H R Y F R OWD E M . A . EN , P UB L I SH E R TO T H E OF O! F OR D

TOR ONT O O L D H I G H G ER MA N P R I M E R

\VIT H

G R AM M AR N T A N D G S AR , O ES, LO S Y

E WR I H T H . . D L L . D . L I T T . OS H G P . J P , , , D PR OFESSO R O F CO M PA R AT IVE P H ILOLOGY I N T H E UNIVER SIT Y O F O! FO R D

S E COND E DI T I ON

O ! F O R D A T T H E C L A R E N D O N P R E S S O! FO R D P R INT ED T H E C LA R ENDON PR ESS B Y

“ P R INT -E R T O T H E UNIVE R SIT Y " "" O D when one attempts to make a discrimination t F n n an d al e Uppe r Ge rman and Uppe r ra co i i ect s . vev e end eav u ed t o b n w t n a o a a e r, o r ri g i hi c mp r tiv ly iass all the re ally more important features of the ind fully be liev e that the beginner who conscien rks through the book will h av e acquired such a rentary knowl edge of the language as will enable r sue his further study of G erman with lit tle difii her from a lite rary or a purely linguistic point of the M H e an o s we e e t un G. prim r m y f rm r l f

eh be nne s wou d no doubt ke to av e gi r l , , li h

ned . e I n u H G s n T h re me ntio ed s ch O . form o ly solutely necessary for the understanding of the intentionally reserv ing the rest for t he p r esent

I n fa t MH G. a a w ause tt e or no c , gr mm r ill c li l a s tudent possessing a mere elementary know

H e an igh G rm . P R E F A CE T O TH E F I R ST E DI TI ON

I trust that these t wo little books — imperfect and incom plete as they a re— will contribute something towards fu rthe r in the s ent stud of e an in E n and and oste n g ci ific y G rm gl , f ri g among ou r countrymen a love for that great store of medie val literature of which the Ge rman nation is justly

u pro d. I n conclusion I gratefully ackn owledge my obligations to

’ rau ne s A t o deuts e a at k H a e 1 8 8 6 and to B l h ch ch Gr mm i , ll , ,

’ th sa e au t o s A t o deu ts es esebu Ha e r 8 8 r e m h r l h ch ch L ch , ll , , a new edition of which is to appear shortly.

WR I G H T .

O ! R Al a 1 888 . FO D ] , E F A CE T O T H E S E CO N D

E DI T I O N

.v edition of this Primer has been carefully rev ised

t u to date T he a n w th p . p rt deali g ith e phono

be n t n t u he e almos e tirely rewritten . Al ho gh t

on o u es o t - ou a es the stude nt who ly cc pi f r y f r p g , , t o ou w a e a ui ed a a ood know . h r ghly, ill h v cq r f irly g te subject so far as it relates to Old H igh Germ an zh cent ury . not foun d it desirable to change the gene ra l plan

of the o e e di on be ause on e e en e f rm r ti , c my l g xp ri c of and examiner in the subj ect has fu lly convinced >oks containing more details about the phonology :nce than t hose given in the Prime r are unsuitable

I o the e nt ed t n of the book ma e m. h pe pr se i io y same purpose in the future as t he former edition

— v u t h nt in the past iz . to help to f rthe r e scie ific

)ld e a n u un n G rman mo g o r c o tryme .

JOSE PH WR I GHT .

u ne 1 06 . j , 9

C O N T E N T S

I NT R ODUCT I ON (5 5 1 — 3)

CH APT E R I .

ALPH A BET AN D P xou unc mr ro u

T h H a ha e Pr onunc a on of the O H O . e O G. lp b t (5 i ti con na n s vowe ls (5 5 5 Pr onuncia tion of the O H O . so t

f H so und - s em (5 Phonetic survey o t he O G . ys t (5 5 8 St ress (5

CH APT E R I I .

T H E Pa rm r rv s Gs nu a m c Eou rv a r a u'r s or r m: I n no

Gs nm mrc VOWEL- SYST EM — The I ndo Germanic vowel - s ystem (5 T he sh or t vowe ls (5 5 1 4 the long vowe ls (5 5 19 t he diphthongs (55 24 the I ndo- Germanic voca lic nasals and liquids 30

CH APT E R I I I .

— T m: P a m r r t v a Gz nu a m c Von - sv sr g m 1 1 1 4

T able o f the Pr im it ive Germani c vowel - system (5 T he change of a t o i (5 T he change of e to i (5 The chan e of t o e T he chan e of u t o o it g i (5 g ,

(5 T he vowel - system at the close of t he Primitive Ger man ic period (5 C ON TE N TS

PAGE S

C H APT E R I V .

D M T T H E G R A G R M A N C T H E O H O . EVELOP EN OF ENE L E I

VOWEL- SYST EM 1 4 - 2 1 Umlaut ( 5 T he sh ort vow els (5 5 42 the long vow el s (5 5 48 the diphthongs (5 5 5 4

CH APT E R V .

T H E H O D M T T H E PR M T G R M A O . EVELOP EN OF I I IVE E NIC VOWELS O P UN ACCENT ED SYLLA BLES T h e vow els of fi na l syllables (5 5 5 7 t he vow el s of other than fina l syllables ( 5 5 60

CH APT E R VI .

’ T H E F R ST S - SH T R R S L Aw A N D T H R I OUND IF ING, VE NE , O E ' CONSON A NT CH AN GE S WH ICH T OO K PLACE IN T H E

P R IM IT IV E GER M A NIC LANGUA GE 2 5 - 34

T he I ndo - Ger manic consonant system (5 T he first

sound - shift ing — the tenues (5 6 6) t he mediae ( 5 t h e tenu es aspir a ta e (5 68) th e mediae a spira ta e (5 5 69 ’ Verner s L aw (5 O ther consona nt changes 7 3 T able of Pr imitive Ger manic consonants (5

C H APT E R VI I .

SPECIA L WEST GER M A NIC M ODIFICAT ION S o r T H E

R A E R M A C A - S ST M H E H H GENE L G NI CON SON N T Y E . T IG

- G R M A S SH T &c . E N OUND IF ING, T he change of media l z t o r and the loss of fin al 2 (5 T h e gemination of c onsonants before a foll owing j(5

T he em na on of t 1: efore a fo owi n r g i ti , p , , b ll g (5 T a e f t he Pr m H e os es and s ran s bl o i itive G. xpl iv pi t ( 5 T h H G sh f n f he o ce ss e os es 83 e O . i ti g o t v i le xp l iv (5 5 T h H G sh f n of he o d e os es and s ra s e O . i ti g t v ice xpl iv pi nt

m so nd - sh f n (5 Su mar y of t he H G. u i ti g (5 ’ rn r s L aw in OH G Ve e . (5 C ON TE N TS x i

PAGE S

C H APT ER VI I I .

T H E O S A T H G. CON ON N S I N GENE R AL Simp lifi cati on of d oubl e consonants (5 T he semi vowels (5 5 90 liqu id s a nd nasa ls ( 5 labials ( 5 guttur a ls (5 den ta ls (5

CH APT E R I ! .

DECLEN SION OF N OUN S A T he s r on d ecl ension z — M ascu ne and neu er . t g li t

a - stems (5 5 97 - 101) masculine and neuter ja - stems

(5 5 1 02 — 4) ma scu line a nd neuter w a - stem s ( 5

6 - stems (5 5 107 jO- stems (55 1 09 feminine ah

stract nouns in - i (5 5 1 12 the i - declension (5 5 1 1 4

the u - declension B T he w eak d ec ens on 1 21 . l i (5 5

- M nor d ecl ensions z — M onos a c consonan s ms 0. i yll bi t te

— - (5 5 125 7) stem s in r (5 5 128 stem s in - n t ( 5

s em s in - o s - e s 133 t , (5 5

PT E R ! CH A .

DE CLEN SION OF A DJECT IVE S

A ns n 1 B a k d . r n d We e St o g ecle i o (5 5 37 . e len

S on 1 4 Dec ens on of ar c es 1 4 i (5 5 5 C . l i p ti ipl (5 5 7 2T e m r f d D . h co p a ison o a jective s (5 5 1 49 A ppen dix F orm a tion of adverbs fr om a djectives ( 5 C ompa r i son of a dverbs 1 5 4 N umer a ls Car dina l and ordin al num er als (5 5 15 6 other numera ls (5

CH APT E R ! I . P R ONOUN S a

Pers ona l (5 161) r eflexive (5 p ossess ive ( 5 5 16 3 de monstr ative (5 5 1 65 r elative (5 inter r ogative (5 5 169 indefinite (s xii CON TE N TS

PAGES

CH APT ER ! I I .

VE R B s

C ass ca on of the OH O. er s and the O H O. a au l ifi ti v b . bl t ser ies (5 5 172

A S ron er s — T he con u a on of the mode s r on . t g V b j g ti l t g verb n eman (5 Class I (5 Class I I (5 Class I I I (5 Cla ss I V (5 Class V (5 Class V I (5 181) Class V I I (5 5 1 82

W - i i B k er l s fica of th H . w er s . ea V bs C as t on e O G eak v b (5 first w eak conjuga tion (5 5 1 86 sec ond weak conjuga ti on (5 192) third wea k conjuga tion (5

M n r rou - T r - C . i o G ps A . he p eter ite presents (5 5 194

- . er s in mi T he su s an e er B V b : 1 . b t tiv v b (5

a. t u on i n en T he er (5 3 . g (g ) 4 . v b will (5

CH APT E R ! I I I . SYNT A ! Cases (5 5 207 Adjectives (5 Pronouns (5 Verbs (5 5 212

T E ! T S

T AT A I . I N I PSA M S I . L

I I I . ST . E H H E RA M E R GE E E T

DAs L U DWI GSL I E D V . V I H R S A T H E O AN r SA H A R A . C I T N D W H o I

VI I . M USPI L L I

NOT ES

GLOSSAR Y

OL D H I GH GE R MAN P R I ME R and R heni sh F ranconian (the dialect of the old province of F r ancis R hin nsis e ) .

I I I . M d d e F r an co n a n the d a e t s oken a on the i l i , i l c p l g b anks of the M oselle and of the R hine fro m Coblence t o Duss eldorf. T his book is chiefly c onfined t o the diale ct grou ps I

and I I .

P H O N O L O G Y

CH APT E R I A LPHA BET AND PR ONUNCIAT ION .

. T h H nu w n 5 4 e O G. m o ments ere written in the La ti a abe t lph .

ow e en t was e e e nt e o tted in w n or was V l l g h ith r ir ly mi riti g, r epresented by doubling the respe ctive vowel ; but sometimes a lso by usi ng the accents T he sign pla ce d over

owe s is e e u s d to ark n owe v l , h r e m lo g v l s.

T H E A . VOW E L S

- h v T he H G . v ow s te w e n e e fi e 5 5 . O el ys m a s r prese t d by t

e e enta ette s a e o u and the d a s at i s e a l m ry l r , , i , , , igr ph , ( ,

i s 10 s o in on an and n o n a the a t e a n the ) , ( ), , ( ), ( ), l t r h vi g f t n s value o diph ho g .

N T E - F or the s m o w as occa s ona em o ed o he rw se O . i y b l y i lly pl y , t i y

an - w or d s n oc curr ed in lo o ly .

All he s e v owe s had bot a s o t and a kin 5 6. t impl l h h r g u nt t q a i y. he s o t owe s a i o u and the on owe s a e i T h r v l , , , , l g v l , , , 6 and ii had near the sa e onun at on as the c or , , ly m p r ci i h d o nun at on E . v ow s. e a a d o responding O el tw fol pr ci i , GR A MMA R 3

which is still kept apart in m any N ew H igh G erman (N HG . ) d a ec ts a or d n as it e r esented a e er an e i l , cc i g r p primitiv G m ic

— E S H e r n to oea r bes de r eek £ w C . e . . O . O . O G . a p g b , , i G ¢ p ,

— - L at . fe r O I bea r or an e w a ose o the i u au , hich r fr m ml t

m u r i t s No s . s t est l e s t n e en o a a . a Of g g , g , p . g i ; , * s a v e o n a a an I n the or e ase 9 had an en , fr m j . f m r c Op sou nd ke the e in E n s bed a n is e ne a w tten 6 in li gli h , d g r lly ri

am at a t ea ses in o de t o d st n u s it o the gr m ic l r ti , r r i i g i h fr m

’ ’ ’ u - w ha d h el e u a t e d a os un ke t e e in F n . ml , hich cl e so li re ch

T he o ow n ke - wo ds w be of use as n an f ll i g y r ill , givi g approximate pr onunciat ion of the vowel - sounds to students unacquainted with Old E nglish

n N G a n m n a n a as i H . n a m . m ,

E a 5 G . t e h ah a n to ha n . N L f h r , g

é bed h él fa n t o kel . , p ‘ ’ F e e R . te

é H G . r eh s él a soul N , .

i E G . z t w i an to know . N L aq ,

'

1 N H G . z hu

E G . not o ot od . N L g , G

6 NH O so h 6 h ke /t . , g .

E . u u G i b u n t a n oound . N L f ll g ,

ood h i s house f , .

' e i e i sta z n s t e i n , s fone.

i s : i e d r et a i ed. i , v s

T he e a n n d t on s e a i a i o s o i n on a n r m i i g iph h g ( ), ( ) , , ( ), n o a s w re se nt no d ffi u es to the ea ne who has ( ) , ill p i c lti l r r

aster ed the ke - wo ds t h m y r o t e short vowels in the above table . OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

B . T H E C O N S ON A N T S

h - T e H . n n nt e 7 . O G co so ant system was represe ed by th * o ow n etter s —b 0 c h (1 f h e k 1 m n f ll i g l , , , , , g , , j(i , , g ) , , , , , * r s t t h d h u v w n u u u v v u W x z . p , q , , , , ( ) , ( ) , ( , , , , ), , T he e tte s d k 1 m n an d t had nea the sa e l r b , , , , , , p , rly m

ue s a in E n T n val s glish . he remai ing letters require special

attention .

0 had a twofold pronuncia tion . I t had the sound of E nglish

k na and be o e the uttu a owe s a o u an d be o e fi lly f r g r l v l , , , f r

on sona nts as t a c d c or n cor n c u n d know n cl oini c , , ay , , , , , ,

h a r ef/ . e o e t e a a owe s i e e e t in th om p y B f r p l t l v l , ( xc p e c

b na n s o it had the sound f k N a l u c il o o t s e H G. E s i ti ) , li , ,

lil tle e s to. B ut on the ot e and s c e i d a n to sev er , , , h r h , , , w here s o was p ronoun ced like the so}: in the E nglish word

sc/z ool .

c h m ostly repre se nted a single (guttural spiran t) sound

ke t he c h in N H O or in S ot ock as s r ech e n l o li . c ch l , p , m sp ea k. I n Upper Ge rman monu ent s it was also use d to

' e es h a h l: un d in ot l oo/z s t e fi ric ata k h i. e . k t e c so S xpr , + c ch ,

as k h or n c h om cor n . See 8 4 2 . ( ) , , f had a t wofo ld pronunciation accor ding as it represented

d r E . a e an f or c . e . . OH G . fa t e r OS . fa a O G rm ic p ; p g , ,

fa d e r ot fa d a r a t/z er w OH G. s l afa n OS . s l a an , G hic , f , ith , p ,

‘

OE . s l aé an ot s l é an to slee . I n the o e ase p , G hic p , p f rm r c

- it was ab o dent a and in the a tte b ab a . f : . e . l i l , l r il i l prim G rm

f was en w tten u v n t a and ed a be w ee n Oft ri ( ) i i i lly, m i lly t

v owe s as v ar an OE . far an to o s w i v el ot t w e ifls l , , , g ; ,G hic ,

w en it e esented . e . or at e . g , h r pr prim G rm g , r h r prim

nd of our in ot as OH O . t a OS . e . had the sou G rm 5 , g g , g , GR A MMA R 5

d See H u o E . od oo . d a E . d an da O G . t O g , O g , y ; g , g , g

d f r w a a s an 8 5 . B ut w en stoo o . e . it s 5 , 3 h it p rim G rm j, pir t and had near the sa e sound as the in E n s et as ly m y gli h y ,

'

ms z lle on h e r i h e r e ot . en er en ér ot . a e g (j ), G h j , , y ; g ( i ) , G h

D s n of h er a r m . h ar a at . j , . i g i , y

h n a and ed a b etween owe s had the sound , i iti lly m i lly v l , value of E nglish It in ba t ; fi nally and medially before con sona nts it was the u ttu a S rant c h see c h as h a en g r l pi ( ) , b ,

H /z n h t o lea v e séh a n to see h 6 h G . h oc h bz a t , , ; N ) , g ,

z N H h n h G . n a c t i t . ( ), g * j(that is i in the fu nction of a consonan t) did not occur in H anu t s but was e e se nted b i I O G . s e . t m crip , r pr y ( , g )

had nea the sa e sound - a ue as the in E n s el rly m v l y gli h y , * as n e r i e n o n aa a n to s a v e h ir t e o ot . h a i r d é fr m j , ; , G h j ,

'

Gen . l . of h i r t i she /z er d e n ér e n é r ot c ain s z lle p , p g (j ), G hi j , , on y . q occu rred on ly in combinati on with u a s in E nglish

r w as a t e d sound in all os t on s as in S ot as r e h t rill p i i c ch , ,

‘’ r i /l l e r a n l o bea r fa r t w a fa a r bea u/ ul g , b , , , y , g , J . s was a voicele ss spir ant in all p ositions like the s in

E n s s it as s u n u son k i os an lo e/z oose k OS I elrose gli h , , , , , , . t h (d h ) seem s in the n inth c e nt u ry t o have been a voice d

nte denta s rant ke the I I: in E n s Men a s t h e n k n i r l pi li gli h , e ,

t l unk o f .

u v S n e 11 v wa e u nt w tt n r ( ) . i gl ( ) s fr q e ly ri e fo G ermanic

f see a s u a r an v r n to o I wa a a . t s a so e o ed ( , , g l mpl y ,

es ec a a e consonants and be o e the owe u to ex p i lly ft r f r v l ,

ess u on sonant i. e . E n is 20 as s u a r z fo r s u u a r z pr c , gl h , ,

ola e/l u u r d u n for u u u r d u n tfi deea me , , ey . * i h n w e . u in t e u n f n ( . f ctio o a co sonant) did not occur

in OH O. anus t s but was ener a e esented b u u m crip , g lly r p r y 6 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

’ ’

u v v u h d th un - u o w z l v v and a e so d a e f E n s in w . ( , , ) , v l gli h

I w a m m r n n t s a so so et es w tte 11 v se e abo e u de u v . l i i ( ) , v r ( ) I n t s ra a and ossar we s a ner a w e w hi g mm r gl y h ll ge lly rit .

x o u d a s us in a - w cc rre lmo t e xcl ive ly lo n ords .

n I - 2 had a t wofold pronu ciation . t had t he sound value t s n a as a so ed a and na a e onsonants and , i iti lly l m i lly fi lly, ft r c w e n it a ose o t t E a es are — z an footie e nz o h r fr m . x mpl , , l , k s r in h o z w ood h ér z a bea r t s u a r z bla c s c az mon c . p g , l , , , , , , , ey , p

E c e t . I el . k t r . k a se z z e n S . O . s a t O c s a t o s t t s O , , G th ,

s e t t i a n to set et . s . s a z t a OS . s e t t a s a t t a . I n ot e , , pr g , ( ) h r

ase s it was a k n d o f 9 sound as h a ha tr ed b i a n l o bile. c i , s, , a ,

See 8 . I n t s bo ok the t s sound is e esented b z and 5 4 hi r pr y , u nd b t he 3 so y a.

H E H S O N D - S Y S T E M P H O N E T I C S UR VE Y O F T O G . U

' A l s Son an s ow e t . § 8 . . V ( )

S o t 8"( 0. h r ’ Gut/um ] j on a o 11 L g , ,

S o t 6 e h r , , i

on 6 i L g ,

Con s on an t s . B . I N T ER T A . T T R A . L ABIAL . DEN L GU U L DE N T AL .

o e ss t t k k k V ic l e p p t , , o ed b b d d d V ic b , , 8 , 8 8

. 8 8 8 h h h Ch ’ ’ ( ) Voiceless f (t h 9) “ 9 , E) t h (d h ) g m H n n n , mm ,

L i uids 1 11 r r r q , ; , GR A MMA R 7

T o th ese must furthe r be added the a spirate h and t he t a ffri r n hree c atae (i. e . an explosive a homorganic Spi a t)

i . z . e t s f h n h i . a d t e e e an k h c h . e k ( ), p (p ), Upp r G rm ( ) + t he ell - so und in S ot l oe/z c ch .

N T - n the w r n d own f r m rman for ms th e s n I O E . I iti g o p i itive Ge ic ig ] is use d t o r e r esen the u ur a na sa and t o r e resen the u ur a p t g tt l l, x p t g tt l s ran h . T he u ur a I t occurr ed efor e u ur a s on as r n k en pi t ( ) g tt l b g tt l ly, t i ,

A d n nat n f s nanta w 5 10. iphtho g is t he combi io o a o l ith

n n a w i h bea of a co so anta l v owe l . T he sonant l vo e l s t e rer t he st ess accent in h e in which i o u s All r ( ) t e syllabl t cc r .

the OH O . d on s s i i s e a i a 10 s o i n on a n and iphth g , , ( , ) , ( ) , , ( ), no n a we e a n d on s t at is the st ess e u on ( ) , r f lli g iphth g , h , r f ll p

h r st of the two nt t e fi eleme s .

11. T h dou n & ust b e o e b e o sonants n u t t c . § l c , , , , m p nounced on as in I a an an d Swed s t u s r inn an to r un l g t li i h, h , , as r i n - n T f n d d n an. hey were un i om shorte e (simplifie ) whe e be a e na or a e t o stand be o e ot e on so nant s th y c m fi l c m f r h r c , and a so re uen d a n eded b a on owe l f q tly me i lly whe prec y l g v l ,

a s r i n n a n l o r u n bu r n t s n . et . s n . r a n b r e n n s n I o e . , , pr i g ; , , p r i g

‘

r a n t a s l afi an bes de s l afa n t o slee . See 8 9 . b ; i , p

S t r s A en t e s ( cc ) .

n ll u n o ound d w rds h C t e s 5 12 . I a c mp e o t e hie f s r s falls upo n the stem - syllable and always r emains t he re eve n when i s b s suffi xes and inflex onal e ndings follow it . T hi s ylla l e i

r h w . al ways t he fi st of t e ord . I n compo u nd words the chief stre ss falls upon the stem syllable of the first component par t if the second p art is a noun or an adje ctive an d on the stem - syllable of the second a t t s is a e b or de ed o a v er b p r if hi v r riv fr m . 8 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PR I ME R

CH APT E R I I

T H E PR IM IT IVE GER MANIC E QUIVA LENTS OF T H E

- - I NDo GER MANIC VOWEL SOUNDS .

1 T he a ent I ndo- e an an ua e had the o ow 5 3 . p r G rm ic l g g f ll

ing vowel - system

S or t owe s a s o u h v l , , i , ,

on E 6 i 6 fi L g , , , ,

D t on s ai s i oi a n en ou iph h g , , , , ,

S or t o a 1 m n r h v c lic , , ,

— f h re e l d n d m N T I . s t he ua o wh c can no be cis efi e is o ed O E . , q lity i t p y , itt fr om t he above t- able a s being of little impo r ta nce for the pu r p oses of

h s ook . I t eca me a in a ll t he I nd o - Ger man c a n u a es e ce in t i b b i l g g , x pt

- t he A r an ra nch w her e eca me as Gr . wa r ) L at a e r QI r y b , it b i , fig, . p t , . m * a th fi Go h . fa d a r O H G . ra te r Skr . it Ar fr o et ér at her , t , , p ( p f .

2 . T he on oca c n asa s and u d s as a so the on d h hon s l g v li l liq i , l l g ip t g f ai si & c . wer e of such r are occurr ence ha he ar e h er e e out of , , , t t t y l t cons dera on i ti . L 14 . a L at . a . a e a ne d as at a er d d ( , Gr ) r m i , . g , Gr. yp s ,

H r d o . a k r e OS . akk a r O O . a c k a el a cr e L at . a u a G th , , , fi , q ,

H h a a t r ot . a h ra O O . a w e . G h , ,

' L 45 r 1 5 . e at . e . e a ne d as L at . fe o . be w § ( , Gr ) r m i , , Gr d p , I ea r H r l b O G. S. E . e r a n to ea L at e s n éhk O O b . . a , b , p l i , Gr ,

'

OH G . fe l OE fe l s kin bide , . l , , .

L I i . d as H rn l s y 1 6 at . e a ne . o . o i ( i , Gr. ) r m i , Gr f m , G th .

w i t u m OE . w i t on OS . w i t u n OH G . w i u n w e know , , , gg , ;

L at v i d er o t o s ee L t . s c . . a c s ot . fi sk s OE . fi s e p , ; p i i , G h , , H k . h OS O G . fi s s , fi . L t L 17 . o a . o . 0 b e a e a as at . o c t O . 8n d 5 ( , Gr ) c m , , Gr ,

H z o . a h t au OS. O G. a h t o e lz t L at . h os t s str a n er G th , , g ; i , g ,

ene ot . aet s OS. OH G. as t uest. my , G h g , g , g

I o OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

w t E a O . Wat OS. Wét OH G . w e i lz e kn ws L o at . i , , , q, ; O.

o in o s o . n E n a s O . a OS . én H O G . e i n ne . r o c G . , G th i , , , , , p lz e l a ce on dice.

2 u L at . r a u . n u G . 7 a o . a E . a u O é S . ( , , G th , , O . 6 , OH G

ou 6 r e a ne d as L at. a u r s a E o . au s O . é a r e S . ( )) m i , i , G th , , O H 6 O G . m ea L a t r . a u ér e to incr ea se . c a em I in , ; g , , Gr g ,

cr ease o . au k an OH G. ou h h on 10 a dd incr ea se E , G th , , , , O .

é a c e n incr ea sed la r e , g . m 2 8 . e u . c u ne d a r n efi o e a s G . e m I in uir e § (Gr ) r i , p , q ; * ' r m I n u r . e . b eu d o i i e o er Gr . 6 60 I iv e a ta sk prim G , q , fi 7 , g * . e . k e u s o I test ciz oose Se e . 5 6 . of; p rim G rm , ,

* - 2 9 . c u be a e a n c a s I ndo e r ou d h os c m ( p. G rm . ,

. r H o au s OE r d S r od O G . ot r ed I n . é a O . r do G th p , , , , ; * - er . b h e b h ou dh e ba s w a ked ot . au OE . bé ad OS . G m , , G h b p, ,

b od OHG . b ot be r d e . , , fi m . L at em u u . a m 6 in 3 0 . . be e u as 6. . § ( , Gr , p ) c m , p (

d é ev e m s ome l a ce r e H G . o i r S. o o lr ot . s u m s OE . O O p , fi p ) , G h ,

s m s ome n - év m b u o e éxa r L at . c e n t u m w n o , ; Gr . , ( ith fr m y

ass at on and s ar in the e an an ua es o . imil i , imil ly G rm ic l g g ), G th

' ‘ OE . OS. h u n d OH G. h u n t all r o a . o k m t om . , , f m prim f rm

- m L at . e n . (1 o w n L at m en t u s 3 1 . n be ca e u as . c o ( , Gr , ) m , ’ é - d o a e n one s ow n w ill . n é i v ented dev ised . a r r l i (pp ) , , Gr p s, g of ,

- - m u n ememor a nce ri . o . a m u n d s OH G . i t r o G th g , g , , p m f rm * k n d r S m m e n Min E . w u o O . n t os . o t O (pp ) from r o ; ,

s en. o H w u n t r w onder . . a w u n d ar O G . a c , , , p Gr p (fr m

! e of g az .

L OE d u r 3 2 . r at . o r . u a be a e u r r u as . ( , Gr p, p ) c m , ,

‘ i - a m bold i t u r r u n e da r Gr . O r on OH G. w e c , g , , p . p s ,

Oa o éu I a m o ood cour a e dat . l . . wa r dm t . p , f g g ; p Gr p , G o h GR A MMA R I I f m a d r u OE fa d e r u m l o a l fier s L at . or c a l lz e r id e , . ( ) , f p , g oel z v een l o r E fu r f w u r h H G . u r u h er r ow ows O . O . f , , , fl

3 3 . 1 L at 01 . a h ha. be a e u l I n as o . fa l l s ( . , Gr , ) c m , , G th , OE S ‘ l O . fu l m n u l t . . OH G. v ol . o l os o l , , pri f rm p , f ; G h E * w u l fs O S. H s Skr . O w u f O G w o f . o . . l o , l , , prim f rm q ,

N or m— T he u in u m nu u r r u u l l u h ad the sa me furt her d e , , , , ,

l - v e m t e . op en in t he Ger manic langu a ge s as I nd o Ger ma nic u . S e 5 39

CH APT E R I I I

H - T E PR IMI T IVE GER MA NIC VOWEL SYST EM .

' — 3 4 . F o w at has been sa d in 13 3 3 we a e a t r m h i , rriv th w n - f h n ua e e o o owe s st e r e . e a f ll i g v l y m o t prim G rm . l g g

S o t owe s a e 11 h r v l , , i , on m e i 6 n L g , , , ,

D on s am e u iphth g , "

— - N T . aé w und k E 6 ha d the s ound o f O E a s an op en e so li e O .

t he 6 in N H G . r e h r oe . T he o r n of h s ow e ha s not et een , igi t i v l y b sa sfa c or e a ned I t is m o r a n t o r em em e r h a is ne er ti t ily xpl i . i p t t b t t it v

the u - r ma n c . eq iva len t of I ndo Ger man ic 6 which a ppear s as 5 in p r im . Ge i See 49 5 5 , 5 0.

T un t u n 3 5 . his system de r went se veral modific a ions d ri g

he . n . n a t e a e od e . be o e the a ent a u e prim G rm ic p ri , i f r p r l g g beca me diffe r enti a ted into the var i ous separate G ermanic

an ua e T he n l g g s. most importa t of these c hanges we re

be a a a t S . 3 6 a e H iah a n E . . r s o . O . O G O + jx c m x, G h , * n r i e n I a ten fo f 1 n n f L at . o s o a a a l o ca e/z se z c . a , f m ]x , , , p p g , f ; H f inf. h ah in . s h h t e nk i n G . o . t a. a k a n o . t a ta a O G th p ( p g j ), ( ) , ‘ d ah t a inf. d en k en OE . Soh t e o o de a r t a Iz e ( ), , fr m l r p jx , 1 2 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PR I ME R

tbou bt c . O . L at . t on a o I know . E e . e an a g , p g , v ry prim G rm ic

19 . in accented syllable s was of this origin . Cp .

OT E — T he a in th a o e and s m ar e am es w as s a nasa z ed N . e b v i il x pl till li E T he i i s d men t o 6 in O . w e in r m m . n o . Ger a s s ee it s e e o v l p i , by v l p t

3 and u 3 9 w er e a so na sa z ed ow e s in r m Ger ma n c . (5 7) (5 ) l li v l p i . i

e be am e 1 unde the o ow n r u stan es 3 7 . c r f ll i g ci c m c

S n d 1 . e or e a nasal consonant as o . OE . O . a n B f + , G th bi ,

H n t bind L f- fe n d i m e n t u m cbin - clol b O G . n t a o c . at. o bi , , p , ' - - - of fe n di x knot ba nd . n ev ee o a l ber in la w . n ev r e , , , Gr p g , f ; Gr h fi m f fi n f e. T s a ns w C H . fi m f H . n G o . O G e G th , , , fi hi xpl i y

n t a n l o bind an d b el fa n to bel be on to the sa e ab au b i , , , p , l g m l t

s r s See 17 8 . e ie . T his 1 be came i u nde r the same conditions as th ose

b w a. be a e a a s ot . e h a n OS . t h ih an y hich c m G h p i , , * * H d h OE . Soon o i an an o de é a n an O G . i an , , fr m p gx , l r p e ,

’ l o tbr z e T he r e su o f t s soun d - law w as the eason wh o . lt hi r y t he ve rb passed from the third t o the first cl ass of strong

- er bs c . the so ated . OS . i t h u n a n OE . e v p i l pp g g , g

- 5 u n e n ull r ow n . g , f g

2 en o owe d b an i or in the sa e or t he ne t . Wh f ll y i , , i m x * S H i r s ab e a s o . O . O G . s t OE . i s o at o de yll l , G th , , f m i i , l r * i o n i H i d n a r ib n r d s O G . r i c e s e a e s t c . be de i , p . Gr , ; , , i , c - h i E a r til Got . m d i s O . m i d d OS. mi d d i H G m t t ; j , , , O . i i , * L at ed u s o an o na o m e d h os middle OS . . m i , fr m rigi l f rm j , ; * r a OH G . r i t be bea r s o an o na o b h ér e t i bi i , bi , , fr m rigi l f rm , * ‘ * r ou t he nte ed ate sta es b ér ed i b er d b i r id i th gh i rm i g ,, i i , ,

be s de inf. e r an i b .

. I n u n n a ce ted s ab es as OE . fat o de foot o 3 c yll l , , l r , fr m * * de 6 z fo t a o f t e eet c . L at . ed e s “685 i , l r , f , p p , Gr . 9 .

3 8 . i o owed o na b an i 5 r in t e ne t § , f ll rigi lly y , o 6 h x GRAMMAR I 3 s ab e be a e e w en not ote ted b a nasal consonant yll l , c m h pr c y + r E H G r n nte n n i r S. . w e r o a e o as O . O O i v i g j , , from * * L . E . ma n . at v i r H n e t wi r a z o de w i r o s c O O G . s , l r , , p ; , * L . n r nest c . at. n id u s o n i z d os I st o t es ho w , p , fr m hi ic im , e e t s law has an e eed n reat nu be of e e t ons v r, hi xc i gly g m r xc p i owing t o the sepa ra te languages having levelled out in '

a ous d e t ons c . e . . OH G . u éc be s de . OE . c w i c v ri ir c i , p g q i ,

H . r uick a liv e c . L at . v i v os v i v u s O G e a a bes de q , , p ( ) ; l b i

f r liv er n bes de OE . a n to liv e OE . e OH G . l e e l i , ; b i l ibb , ;

b E i l o l ick OH G w OH G . l éc c on es de O l i c c an . és s a i . , ; be s de Wi es a I knew i , .

5 r in he 3 9 . u o owed o na b an 5 o 6 t ne t § , f ll rigi lly y , x s ab e be a e 0 w en not ot e ted b a ol ow n n asa yll l , c m h p r c y f l i g l +

onsonant or an n te e n n i or as OH G . o h OE . eoc c i rv i g j , j , g ,

k - H L a u u m u év E . OS. od O o e c . t . . O G. ot j , p j g , Gr L y ; g , g , * od om an na ne t e o h u t 6 m be s de H G o u C . g , fr rigi l r f rm g , i

u t i n oddess OH G. fol v ol o an o na o ln és g , g ; ( ) fr m rigi l f rm p ,

ull de H ull nes E e h ol be s O . en f O G . f ul l i s . o f , i , f ; g p , pp

b al an to bel OS. ih ol an OH G . h ol fa n bes de E . p , p , g p , gi , i O

e u n d e n of n d an to bind OS. i b un d a n H G g b , pp . bi , , g , O .

'

ib u n t a n OE . u d on OH G. u t u n w e o er ed bes de g ; b , b , fi , i pp .

E . b n n O g e od e , OH G . g ib ot a .

E r e n in ent d s ab es was of ve ry p im . G rma ic o acc e yll l t his

o n. C . 1 rigi p 7 . 11 became a unde r the same circumstances as th ose by

' wh c a and i be a e a and i a s e . r d e s . s o h . i h c m , pr t g p r g . G t

fi h t a OS. t h uh t a E . fi h t e H G d fi h t a seemed b d O O . es e p , , p , , , i

in f. ot . u k an OH G d u nk e n to seem. G h p g j , . ,

4 0 F o w at has be e n sa d in 3 4 — 3 9 it w be § . r m h i , ill

- seen t at the e . owe s s e had assu ed he h prim . G rm v l y t m m t 1 4 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R following sh ap e be fore the different iation i nto dialects of the Germ anic p arent language

S ort owe s a e i o 11 h v l , , , ,

on a m 6 i 6 u L g , , , , ,

D t on s a i a u on iph h g , , T he further developme nt of these sou nds in Old H igh

e an w be b e d s ussed in the o ow n a G rm ill ri fly i c f ll i g ch pter .

CH APT E R I V

T HE OH G. DE VE L OPME NT or T H E GENE R AL GER MANIC

W - SYST M VO EL E .

H E H T W E S on A E ~ A . T S OR VO L CC N T E D S Y LLA B LE S

e o e e nte n u on the sto of the a ious § 4 1 . B f r ri g p hi ry v r w s we s a ere de ne and ust ate u aut a eno vo el h ll h fi ill r ml , ph in H menon of frequent o ccur rence O G. By uml aut is meant the m odification of an accented vowel

h n uen e of an i or in the o ow n s b through t e i fl c j f ll i g ylla le . T he n owe w u nde went t s od at on in he o ly v l, hich r hi m ific i t b k wa e od of OH G . t eate d in s oo s a w be a e e p ri r thi , , hich c m

f r i e inf. f E a es are : e t o s ar an n om. l x mpl , g , ; p .

k el b i r ca lv es e st uests be s de nom . s n . k a l a s t , , g i , g , i i g b, g ;

f n r i en . n a an to sa v e r e n n en ot . in . e o r a n (G th qi ), ; b (G h b

n an to bur n h er i ot . h ax is a r l en i len tb j ) , ; (G h j ), my ; g , g , bes de l an l on i g , g . a i 4 2 . er an a ene a e a ned un an ed n H G . G m ic g r lly r m i ch g O ,

E . . r an to o H O a . S S O ot fa O . O . s CHG . O G h g ; GR A MMA R I 5

ue S. d a o . d a s a st o . a s t s st OH G . t a O g , G th g , g ; g , g , G th g

. d bound n S. OE o . a n be d H G . a t O ay C b G th b , , H H G OS . o . n a m be took O G . a b O . G th ; g

OS . o . a f be a v e. G th g , g

4 a be a e e w en w d an r in th ne t 3 . c m h follo e by i o j e x

- s ab e for e a e s see 4 1 . T s i um aut of 3. did not yll l , x mpl hi l ,

owe e take a e in the o ow n as s h v r, pl c f ll i g c e

1 . e or e h t h e or consonant w as m a h t ower l . B f , , + , , p , p

f - m a h t i w a h ei t be r ow s in . w ah sa n b i s c a tw e n o ; , g , ; fr m

ka de s oa t wja n , to s .

2 . I n e e an be o e l consonant be or e h h c h Upp r G rm f r + , f ,

= e ani k and o en be or e r consonan t and ( G rm c , ft f + , = b e e h e an h a U . be de U F r h el t i t o s G h al ti t s . f r ( G rm ic ), i ,

b d nf l n U . l i r F l r older i . h a G t o be s de U e ti o be ol s t a a . , ; i r , ;

d e l n UF r s e h h i b ua r r e s i f. s a c h an UG . sa c h t. be s e . t i i , q , ,

ot s a k an U G . w a r m e n bes de w e r m e n ot . w a r m a n G h . ; i , G h j ,

b e l be tr ik to w a r m s l a h i t es d s e hi t s es inf. OH G . o ; i , , G th . a a n l h a .

- - - . I n wo ds end n in ni s si n s s a or 1ih as fi r s t a n t 3 r i g , i , ,

n s si under sta ndin k r a ft l i h str on t a al i h da il . i , g ; , g ; g , y

6

e an usua w tten 6 in o de t o d s n u s 4 4 . G rm ic 9 ( lly ri r r i ti g i h

it fr om the e which arose from the i - umlaut of a ) gen erally

E w a G . in H H G . S. . w a C e a ned O G . as O O O r m i , g , y ; H

E . h el a n to E h el m b lm H G . h el fe n S . OS . O . , e ; O , O O p ,

‘ '

l H S . E n ste l H G . e a n OS . OE . be O G . O O . s t e l a to a O p ; , ; aa ,

H b u n the . be a w en o owed a i Ge rm e c me i in O G. h f ll y

n e t s ab e a s h flf u I bel i r u I bea r u . I iv e x yll l , , p , b , , g ib , g ,

be s de inf. h élfan b ér an e an OH G . s un OS. s e b u n i , , g b ; ib , , 4 6 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

L t e t l HG. L a . s e t e m s v en H O . nh u at ec u ca t e p , ; O , . p , ; C * h fi l u o an o r na r e u mucb. T s law as an fr m igi l fo m p l , hi m y e e t ons due to new o ma ons w e e the e was e u ar xc p i f r ti h r r g l , t hus feh u be side flh u is du e to levelling out the oblique stem

o as e n . féh e s dat . feh e . f rm , g ,

an e of e t in the ne r e an On the OH G. ch g o i ge al G rm ic b n n i w and in the W st e an com i atio e w w G oth . g g ) e G rm ic

o b nat o n e w w o e w see 90. c m i i fr m j,

On OH G . o s ke l i r n en to lea r n w i saa I knew s ki f f rm li , , , , , s bz s k i r m r otection bes de em en w és sa s k éf s k ér m p, , p , i l , , , ,

see 3 8 .

I n a few words 6 has become 0 through the infl uence

of a e ed n w as w ol a. w ell w o ta I w ould pr c i g , , l , ,

w or ol t w or ld bes de Wél a w el t a Wér al t . , , i , ,

i

4 5 . e an i e a ned in OH G . as OH O. flak § G rm ic r m i , ,

OS . OE . fi s c ot . fi s k s sb OH G. w i t u w a OS. w id ow a , G h , fi ; , ,

E d w e 6 id OH . n . E O . w i e ot . w i d u w w ow O w i a S , G h , ag , O O .

k H . i u n E ot . w i t a n to now O G b O . t on ot . G h , ; aa , bi , G h

m e it n n i i u H ib i a E . t e . t a n b t w b . O G. O ot b s , ; pp g ga , bi , G h ,

bit/en .

O

4 6 . e an 0 w a ose r o o de § G rm ic , hich r f m an l r u a n d in H a H e G . C . . d . e O s G ot OS OE . od o OH G r m i , g , g , g ;

h S d oh t r b r t O t e r O . a OE d oh r da u te H t o . O G . , , . , g ; pp

'

ib o t an OS . ib od a n OE eb o d en er ed OH G . inf. g , g , . g , ofl ,

b iota n . OH G . ih olfa n OS. ih ol an OE . pp g , g p ,

e h ol e n bel ed OH G. in f. h el fan 17 8 . OH G. OS. g p , p , ) pp

ib or n E . e or e n n a r a O H G . i f. t e g , g b , O b ér a n o b ;

1 8 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

é

5 0. e an c e w annot be t aced b a k on § G rm i , hich c r c ph o

o a to I ndo- e an s u I n l gic lly G rm ic 6 is of ob c re origi n. the oldest historic p er iods of m ost of the Ger manic lan h ua e s t e two sounds are ke t u t a a t . g g , p q i e p r m er an e S. E . t 65 beca e de e o ed to i e G ic O O G o h . ) m v l p n h e r n duri g t e OH G . p riod th ough the i termediate stage s of

fri e a i a . i e Ot d i a. but bes de t s a so i e is the OH G . , ( , i hi l ) no a r out t f h n n e ntur rm l fo m from ab he middle o t e i th c y .

ll u a ur r h r A o st es o at d f e ent e ods as e . h e e a f r g cc i f r p ri , . g , , S h e r h e r OS. OE . ot . h er ber e OHG . m et a &c . O . i , i , G h , ; , ,

m d H r & . m ed a OE . e r ew a r d et . s . O G . et c , , p ay , ; pr g , ,

H G inf. r a dv i e H . 16 S . . d G O OE r e O . at a n to s O , ; 3 ,

&c . OS. OE . l et be l et O HG in f. a a n . F or ot e , , , . l q h r e a e in the ete t f h l du ated e bs see x mpl s pr ri e o t e o d re plic v r ,

1 8 3 . l

1 er an ned in H G . as a so in the o dest 5 . G m ic i remai O l l

e ods of the ot e m an an ua e s as OH G . OS. OE . p ri h r G e r ic l g g ,

. m t . s ein e ew i n ot . ew ei n i CH G . OS. OE 8 o , G h , p g ; , G h ,

bis t e t a n to bite. OH G. b i a n S. OE . i t a n o . ; a , O b , G h b i ,

O

n n o in ste s ab es d u n the 5 2 . G erma ic 6 became m yll l ri g

H od t r u the n e e d ate sta es o s n a . Otfr id O G . pe ri h o gh i t rm i g ,

e u ar has n a but T at an n o . T he s a e o n. does not r g l ly , i t g E a es ar e o ccu r in Upp e r F ra nconian m onuments . x mpl

oot OH G . flu ot OH G. fno OS. OE . fo t ot . t ot u e s, , G h , f ; ,

eam OH G . fu or OS . E . fl 6 d u s ood str OS. O . fl6 d o , G th , fl , ; ,

inf n 1 8 1 OH G. OE ot . f6 r I ar ed OH G . . fa r a . G h , f , ) I 9

e k H G b l u oi a n h. a n to s e O . su oh h en OS . s ok i an ot s6 k , , G j , ; , * m lossom t . bl 6 a n to bloo b . OS. 16 an o b i , G h j , ,

U.

e an 11 e a ned in OHG . as a so in the o de st 5 3 . G rm ic r m i l l H E e ods o f the ot e e an an ua es as O G . OS. O . p ri h r G rm ic l g g ,

E . i d h m le H . h us bouse ot . h a s n u us te O G. OS O , , G h g , p ;

“ H d i m O d . t h usu n ms r oo O . us u n S r um o . r u t O , G th , ; , g ,

bousa nd l h n OE . E e n d ot . fi s u n d i t H G . uh a O . us O p , G h p , ; ,

‘ ' mea n to lock ot . ah i k a n to sbat cl ose OH G . d uh t a , , G h g , , ; inf E . e med . OS . t h uh t a O uh t e o . fi h t a it s e , b , G th p , ,

OH G . d u nk en ot . u k a n . , G h p g j

E I P H T H ON G S o n A E N E D S Y A B E S C. T H D CC T LL L

a i

n i = S i e a e a a O . 6 E . t a b 5 4 . e O a o § G rm ic ( , , G h . ) c m long close 6 (th rough the intermediate stage of long ope n é o ten w tt en a s in the o dest O H G onu ent s be o e r f ri , e l . m m ) f r , H n l and w as O G . S e r i r soo o d h O . 6 r b o e o . a , , f , G th , ,

m r o OS. m r maiz e ea r l OH G . 6 6 a OE . m ar a o . y ; , , , G th , S H 1 r en O . 1 r e cb r ea ter O G . 6 6 n l i to t a a ot . a s an g , , i , G h j , ;

H G . ent o . aih t s osse si H G OS. O s on et . s . O . , G th , p ; p r g

16 h OE . 16 h o . a h I lent H G . in f li h n O . a , , G th l i r, ,

H . S n n . O G O . s 6 w . w s e e s OE sn aw e s o snow ot . s n ai g , , f , G h , H snow O G . s 6 1a o d s u1a S. s 6 1 aw ol . e 6 O 0 a OE . s o ; l r , , , G th f sa w ul H G r . al a so t . E e s . O . a eo o o der s ew O i , ; pr g p f m l p ,

s aw o . s aiw OH O . inf. s iw an to s it . p , G th p , p p

e r an na a i a so be a e 6 in OH O . as OH G . OS . G m ic fi l l c m ,

w 6 OE . w e . i e H t ot w a w o / O G. d 6 o . si b ; , , G h , , G th p , ey I n all ot e ases e an 61 be a e s i in OH G. as h r c G rm ic c m , e z 2 0 OL D H I GH GER MA N P R I ME R

H . h 1 E h l l e O G e l S. h 6 ba e bol sound O O . a ot . h a s w i , , , G h il , , , ; H O G. s t e n s en . t an s t n r O . t OE s ot a n s sto e et . i , S , , G h . i , ; p

n . H G . s . s O t e s t 6 E s t t H . OS O . a o st a O G i g ig , g , g , G h . ig ,

inf i n . s t a to ascend H h ei an OS. g ; O G. a

h E h n t 6t a n O . at h t n o m a l a o . a a t na e c l . , , G h i , ,

a n

S 6 E s a e 5 5 . e an an O . O é ot . 6 11 be G rm ic , , G h ) c m H n 6 u h i d at a es o in O G . o ose o t e nte e e st s l g cl (thr gh rm i g ,

on o en be or e the onsonants d t s n r 1 and old l g p 6) f c , , a, , , , ,

H d . d E d G t 6 S 6 . é t . d au s h as O . O a O a o u , , p, G h p , d deatb OH G . r 6 t OS . r 6 d OE r 6 a d ot . r au s r e ; , , . , G h p , ; H S. 6 t . 6 s t ot a t H . O G . o O E . u O G et . s . O pr g g a, g , 5 , G h g , f in io to ur O H G OS. k 6 s E . c é as . an o et . s . . O g a , p ; pr g , ,

H c o e ot u . S . k a s O G in ki o s an l 7 7 to b os OH G . O . f. G h , ) , ; n d H G . S 6 r l 6 OE . 16 an ot . l au n r ewar O O . a OE . , , G h , p ay , ; , L 6 a r e o . au s 6 ea r OH G . 11 6 1 o at . c a ul s sta lk , G th , ; , fr m i , ;

OHG . OS. h 6 h E . h a h o . h au h s bi b et s O 6 . . , , G th , g ; p r g H G a6 h S. 6 h E . u h H G nf O O t O . t 6 ah ot t a O . i . . , , , G h ,

z ioh an to dr a l a d . w , e B efore all othe r consonants and finally e u be came ou in

H G . in th n tu E a es are : O e course of the ninth ce ry . x mpl

HG ou a S E e ot . au 6 e OH G. O . O 6 a O . 6 a g , . g , g , G h g , ey ;

ea d G. . i b OH h ou b it OS. h 6 b id OE h 6 afod ot h au b , , . , G h p, ; ion ou en OS . 6 mi a n ot au m a n to a a ttent to g m , g , G h . g j , p y ,

E b 6 a ot . beed et . s . OH G . b on OS . b 6 O . ; p r g g , g , g , G h

b H f d s . OHG . k ou OE . an O G . in . o e n to ben et . g , bi g , ; pr g ,

ce w nf to cbew . a , OHG . i . k iu w an 17

6 11

na eu 28 be a e in in ot . I n OS. it 5 6 . Origi l ) c m G hic n E 6 0 B ut it be a e in gene rally be came s o (i o) and i O . . c m ’ 2 1

n . r na o owed b an i or i OS and i s in OE . when o igi lly f ll y j in th ne t s a e x yll ble .

I n HG . be a e i n n r na o owe d b an O it c m whe o igi lly f ll y i , j , or u in t h n I t a so a e i n in e er an e ext syllable . l bec m Upp r G m

OS. be fore labials and gutturals e xcept old h 7 as CH G . de n iu w i E . n i ew e o n i i s e o n iu a o O . u s , , G th j , t m f rm j l r

E l i eh t a n n u n H l i h n S l i u h t i a n . e o ew G . u t e O . O j ; O , , , * S. o . l iu h t a n o de l e u h t an to l t OH G. ki u s it O G th j , l r j , n ,

f. H . in k i sid E . i e s i i e es tests G u O c ii o . k u s b cboos O , , G th p, , ,

k i s an H G di u t i s k v u a r is b d ot o l e OH G . o O . es de a e , lg , i i , p p ;

E . c c ki n en éos e I boose. , O ,

e e an l iu dea r t nf dee s n h sick l i u a n to Upp r G rm p , , i , p, i , , g ,

e de F an on an oh t iof s i oh l o UG and F r . l ie b s an . , i r c i li , , , i g ;

t b de l i uh t en to l i bt l i oh t l es . , n , i , g

I n all ot e ases or na e u be a e e o in OH G . w h r c igi l c m , hich passed into i o (Otfrid mostly i s ) du ring the first h alf of the

n nt entur a s OH G . OS c h t OE . l eo h t ot . l u h e i h c y, . l i , , G h i b,

a l t C . . heuxd l i bt br i bt OH G . OS. k i o s an OE . n , p Gr s, g , g ; ,

an k n s n to e t boose edw r de c éos o . a t s c c . . o o , G th i , , , p Gr y f m l r * 5 600 I iv e a taste o 7 , g f

CH APT E R V

D E P ‘ T H E OH G . EVELOPMENT OF T H a m rr rv a GER MANIC

VOWELS or UNACCENT ED SYLLA BLES.

A . T H E V ow n n s o n F I N A L S Y LLA B L E S

5 . 1 . F na on v owe s n e ted o t e § 7 i l l g l , i h ri fr m p rimi iv er an be a e s o t ened a ead in t e H G m ic , c m h r lr y primi iv igh German 2 2 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

* - = 6 be a e u as r u o b e r 6 Gr . é w I bea r nst . c m , bi fr m ¢ p , ; i r d s . t a u ro d a 6 b . g g f m g , y ay

- - de i be a e i as et . sub . r and e s n a i bes s. . c m , pr j . 3 . p r g m i

l n m n . e a i 3 p rs . p . .

T hese short v owels th en underwent the same fur ther

d w . s r na s r t 11 and 1. e be o evelopm ent in OH G. a o igi l ho Se l

2 = n d a w w as r na n or e a e . a I d . o an o a b ( g ) , hich igi lly fi l c m na t ou the oss of a o ow n onsonant d sa ea ed fi l hr gh l f ll i g c , i pp r in d ss ab an o s l ab o s a ead in H i yll ic d p ly y l ic f rm lr y prim . igh n G erma .

u and w we e o na na or be a e na t u i , hich r rigi lly fi l c m fi l hro gh t he ss o f a o ow n onsonant d sa e a ed in t s ab lo f ll i g c , i pp r ri yll ic

and o s ab c or s . T e a s we a s the u and w p ly yll i f m h y, ll i , hich a ose r o the s or ten n of 6 and i d sa ea ed a so in r f m h i g , i pp r l d ss ab or s w en the st s ab e wa s on but e a ned i yll ic f m h fir yll l l g, r m i w en the rst s ab e was s or t T he e u a o e ra on o f h fi yll l h . r g l r p ti

w n tu r d n n t his law as ofte dis be by a alogical formatio s .

R e u a o s wer e : OH G . w e i r . 016 6 I know g l r f rm q , ; * i n m w f o faz = Gr M x e l H H G . o . o w u l . w o G O O . l fr m s , f ;

' ‘ * er a n o e r an a n r e - e man b h e r on om to bea r b fr m b , p G r ic , ;

= oiSe be knows H G r H O w e i Gr . . . e . . O s et . s O . a , ; 3 p pr g * * * k é s a n t o k a u s a n d i r e - e man ou se , b fr m i , b , p G r ic g , * H z r . 3 b h on d e . O G. i s t G 0 1 1 is OH O . a s t h , ; g from * : L o H e a uest at . h st s O G . m e r s a c . L t l a et a . s i , g i ; i , , p p . * - = H G . Wi n ro Wi n a r iend H m r a O . C G . t 6 a a i ; i f m i , f = a u s dea tb OH O . flu ot Goth. n6 d u a o . d u ood G th p , ; , fl .

z L t cu s ca ttl H H fi h u oth . faih u a . e e n C G. G , p , ; O G . om .

: H = h t s un u son O G. si t u Got . s d u s cus s u n u ot . s om G h , ; i , ;

€ w I ear T en a t the ana H . ru . b . e o f O O bi , Gr ¢ p , h f r l gy o GR A MMA R a 3

* es and s a o s we e ade s t at for s t et lace s u n th e imil r f rm r m i , p ;

‘ * bes de su n u son h il i u for h i1f I bel &c . i , ; , p ;

. ate t an the s o ten n ent oned unde 1 o u ed 3 L r h h r i g m i r , cc rr the shor teni ng which was e xpe rien ce d in dissyllabic an d poly s ab wo ds b the on owe a e w an - n or - z yll ic r y l g v l, ft r hich had d sa e ar ed and b the - 6 an d - 6 r o o de - a i and - e u i pp , y f m l r , w we e e t er a r e ad n in e an or had a . hich r i h l y fi l prim G rm ic , becom e so afte r the loss of - z as well as by t he - i whic h had a se n o o de - I n t s as a n t n ust be ade ri fr m l r ij i . hi c e dist i c io m m ‘ ’ according as the long vowel or igi nally had the s lurred or ’ ke - - and t he bro n a ccent . I n the forme r ca se 6 became o in the atte ase - in H T o ten n a so took l r c a O G . hi s sh r i g l

— ace in r . H e r E a e a e en . l . OH O . pl p im igh G man . x mpl s r z g p * 6 n 6 t a o r o d 6 n d . t . t u a o s en . l z u n é n o o g f m 5 , f ay g p g , G h g g , * on ues m cock but t no . s . H G h an o en 6 n of g ; g O . o fr m x , ;

m l H . h er aa G m . H G no . . O . a s . d 6 no s O t o a s . p g , G th g ; g ,

o . h a ir t 6 bea r t H . éb a t c . . acc . s . O G G th , ; g g , n , p Gr

ind v m . n d a bl u a n l a . . l i o . s OH G . b l i nt e o x p ; p m c , G th b i , ; * oi i Gr . no lo s . u sed a d H . c . s at O G . t a s o d a ai c g . g fr m g , p ,

H G . b m H . s . O a t o e O G . ah t o o . a h t au e t en ; , G th , n ; g g ’ * bou o ot . su n au a n H w r o w i]i z t su n s so O G . i , G h fly ; l i f m , * * m s t. iz c . wilt no . l . OH G . e s t r o a.s t iz o de a ; p g i f m g , l r 5 fi , p

. mikes e . n e r i o Gr ; from cities ; OH G . imp r fr m * *m i n a.z i o de az sa v e tbou . , l r j i ,

r n n v w a ned in na 5 8 . OH G . sho t a d lo g o e ls rem i fi l

s ab es w en o ow ed b a onson ant as ne ut . s . b l in t a yll l h f ll y c , g a,

'

blind acc . i n a n bim inf. h 61fa n to bel e n . t a e s a ; , ; , p g g , q/

m n o cock h 6 r z a dat . h a n e n h r z en be s de no h a d en . é ay ; g , i . , , , m to t l l em ir la m s dat l . en s ti bea r n m . a . b o cc . b . ; p , ; p , k a v our s n mi t be ta kes u il ev il acc . h a n on coc f i , ; b , ; , ; 2 4 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PR I ME R

m to da s h a en to ba v e n em es s u n sev en dat . l t a u ib , ; p . g , y ; b , ; , blind m ah t i bt l . b li n t em a est ta ke dat . tbou m y ; p , ; g , n y ; m bei bts n am i s tbou btest l . b 6 h i to t iu r l ih dea r dat . , ; p , g , n take s 1b 6 n to a noint an e b t 6 a tbou sou btest dat . l . ; e , ; , g ; p

’

éb 6 m im n 6 m bes de nom . s . éb a i t z u n a ton ue g , g i g g , g f , g , g ;

da n a en . t . s . z u . cc . g g gfm

I f a asa r d ce ded b a ute onson ant 5 9 . n o a u e l liq i , p r y m c , a e to stand na a te the oss of a it be a e oca c m fi lly f r l , c m v lic

a nd t en ene ated a ne w a be o e as nom . ace 6b an h g r f r it , . , * ‘ ev en r o o de 6 bn az 6b n a n nom. acc . fo al bir d , f m l r , g , , * * * ro fo 1 o de fo l az fo l a n n om . acc . a c c h a r a cr e f m g , l r g , g ; , , * * * eld o ak r o de a k r az ak r an &c . fi , fr m , l r ,

T he a t u s ener ated be a e t an sfe ed t o the ob ue , h g , c m r rr liq cases a so a t st a te s o s ab es and t en ate a te l , fir f r h rt yll l , h l r f r

n b es a w e fo al e s w u n t a r e &c . o s a s e . l g yll l ll , g. g , ,

B V H A N A . T H E ow E I iS O F O T H E R T F I N L S Y LLA B LE S

H e n e t h o a § 6 0. re ca m rely b e sta ed t e more imp rt nt phenomena ; for the re st the student must be refe rred to the ’ various a rt icles on the subject in Pau l and Br aune s B eit r ag e z ur Gescbicbte der deutscben S r a cbe und L iter a tur and p , to ’

. in raune s A ltbocbdeutscbe Gr a mma tik 2 nd ed on ch ii B , iti , 1 1 8 9 .

T he i h § 6 1 . i n t e p reterite and p ast p articiple of weak

e bs c ass I was e u a s n o at d a t n v r , l , r g l rly y c p e f er lo g ste m

s ab e s as r a n t a I bu r nt . ib r a n t er h 6 r t a I bear d yll l , b , , pp g , ,

. i h 6 r t 6 r be s de n e r it a I sa v ed i n er i t é r & pp g ; i , , pp . g ; c .

6 2 . M ed a owe s we e o ten ass ated to na v owe s i l v l r f imil fi l l ,

2 6 OLD H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

‘

D . T R A . A A . T A A AT A T L BI L EN L. P L L GU U L

t enues p t I: q mediae b d g g tenues aspir atae p h t h k h q h h h mediae asp . b h d h g 3

voiceless s Sp z r a nts voice d z j ’ A a sa ls n I i

L i uids 1 r q , Semiv ow els w (u) i (i)

— ~ h h ar e formed com e e OT E I . os a r consona n s w c N . E xpl ives e t i by pl t c osur e of t he mou h a ssa e and m a be r on ounced wi h or w hou l t p g , y p t it t d e s t in a on in t he o ce . e w h or w hou t he oca cor s n e c v i , i . it it t v l b i g ti ;

for mer ca se he a r s a d t o be o ced e . . the med a e and in t he t y e i v i ( g i ) ,

a er o ce ess e . t he enues . T he a s r a ae a r e r on oun ced ke l tt v i l ( . g t ) pi t p li

t he s m e enues a nd med a fo ow ed an h e . . k e the t h in i pl t i e ll by , g li

E n sh ot / wok h in ba baz a r d or dh in ma dbous e. gli p , p p , T h e p a la ta l exp losive s a re for med by the fr ont or middle of the on ue and t he r oof of the m u h har d a a e k e k c in E n sh t g o t ( p l t ) , li g , ( ) gli e t o o d k id c ou d wherea s t he e a r s a re formed the r oo o f g , g , , l ; v l by t t he t on ue and t he f a a um T he a er d o not occur in g so t p l te (vel ) . l tt E n sh but ar e common in H e rew and a r e ener a a so h ear d in t he gli , b , g lly l w r n T h a a a and e a r na sa s S i ss p o un cia tion of liter a r y Germ an . e p l t l v l l on occurred efo re he r cor res ond n e os es ink {i 1 &c. ly b t i p i g xpl iv , , s 3g , ng, 2 S r n n n m d h m ou h a ssa . pi a ts a r e co sona ts for e by t e t p ge be n narr ow ed a t one spo t in su ch a manner tha t t he outgoing brea th gives r se to a fr c ona sou nd a t h na rr ow d a i i ti l t e e p rt . * = 2 on occu rr ed efor e o ced e os es e . Oz d os Gr . 6 03 ly b v i xpl iv , g . 2 , O H G a s t t w i . , g. was k e t he w de s read N or h Ger man r onunc a on o f n a n ot j li i ly p t p i ti ji j , e a c ke the in E n sh e s w h c is enera r onounced w hou x tly li y gli y , i h g lly p it t — d s nc fr c on. o cur r r n th r m I n d o Ger mauic i ti t i ti j c ed ve y ra re ly i e p i .

- an ua e . I n the Germa n c as in m os o h r I ndo Ger m an an ua es l g g i , t t e ic l g g , t he fri c ona e emen in h s sound eca me r educed wh ch caused ti l l t t i b , i it

t o ass n o the so - ca ed sem owe p i t ll iv l. GR A MMA R 2 7

T h nasa and u d d h func ons o h of w s nd con 3 . e ls liq i s ha t e ti b t vo el a

so nan s c . 1 3 30 I n k e m anner t he sem ow e s w an d t ( p 5 5 , li iv l , (u)

are th e consonan s corr ond n t o u . j(i) t esp i g , i = . I n t he w r n d own o f r m Germ an c form s the s ns t h in 4 iti g p i . i ig 1) (

th n d a t h in t h e n 15 c a a a s r a n wh ch ma b e r o i ) , ( ) , ( bil bi l pi t , i y p nounced ke t he in in e = o f en h ea r d in German s a e n li v v ) , g ( g t g ) , German Oh x ) .

6 . T he I r 6 nd . t e ue k n Ge n s t be a e i . § g p , , , q c m prim an the o e ess s an ts f w m ic v ic l pir , p, ! : ! (x ) .

L t . od H . £ a és n . f6 . S f6 t G > Go t u s E O . p p , . s, , O , O Gr th . E fuo t k O . oo L at H O . fi s . s fi s k S . O c s o . s O g, f ; p i i , G th , ,

* ‘ fi s c sb L at . n e os o . mfa OE . n efs OH G. n éfo , fl ; p , G th , , ,

ne e pb w .

L t S. t h u D r 6 . it a . t u . m E O o . 7 o . O , Gr , G th 1 , p , , ‘ tbou L at . v r I u E w e or ba n e 6 t r n ot . w a r au O . ; t , , G h i b , , S E O . w e h m bec me b r 6 ar O . r t a to o L at fr a e r o . . t , ; , G th p ,

' b r 6 80r OS. b r 6 t h a r br otber , , .

k . L at . . ndo w d . OS. h u n d > c ani s o t . h u n s OE x , Gr , G h , ,

H xa 856 . h u n d d n r di . O G t boun o L at . c or e . c o s , , g ; (g ) , Gr p ,

. H G h r z a bea r t ot h a S. h e r t a O . é ir t 6 OE . h e o r t e O G h , , , ,

L at . d e c e m 86m t a b u n S t e h a n O H G . z éh a n . o . O . , Gr , G th i , ,

en L H n O G . t at . d ucO I lea d ot . t iu h an OS . t i oh a ; , , G h , , s i ob an t dr a , o w , lea d .

k E e b an w . L a 6 I ta e f O . h b > t . c a o . h a an q x (x ) p i , , G th j , ,

’

OS. h eb b i I n ue ia n OH G . h efi e n to r a se L at v i n c 6 co r , , ; . , q , o H . w e h en bt O G . w i h an to . G th i , , flg

L at . i H u s ot OE . h w a S. h w 6 O G. h w 6 r . l u a s O q , G h , , , * w ér w bo he ir m l i 6 I lea v e t l e a n P . o e o . ih r ( ), ; Gr (fr m q ), , G h ,

OH G . ih a n to lend l , .

— N T E I . T h I nd enues r emained unsh f ed in the com O e g . t i t bination

8 t ennis . 2 8 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PR I ME R

s . L at . s u er Go h s e iw n E e . a O OS . C H G. s i w an to v omit p p , t p , . p ,

- L at . c o n s i c i 6 I l ook a t OH G s 6 h 6 n t o s p , , . p , py .

- s t . L a t e s t Gr Za fl Go h OS H i s i a f i es . . . . O G. t s Gr . f I o , , t , ; x , g ,

L a t . e s u m ootste h n Go . s e e OE S. H G s t i a n t o . O O . v ti g i , f p , t t ig , g ,

a scen d . d eh . Gr a n sba dow o h . s k i n n E n t G e a O S. OH s c i n a o . O G. , , t , . , k n a t s o k i e L . s c G h fi s s E 118 k s O . 0 S. O H G fi s sb . O . . ; p i i , t , , , fl ' ’ Ov o - cn c o sa n in E s . Gr . o s e c r iest O s céa w i an OS s s u w on q , fi g p , . , . o , s w l k i O H G . co u on, t o oo , v ew .

. h r ema d n h nd m na n 2 T e s o ne i . a t e I co o s t k t t . t l i g bi ti p , , q

- t ft . Gr . s hin s Go h . h l ift u s a t bi L at n e s r a nd p > m , t , qf ; . p ti , g

da u bt er n iece OE . C H G . n ift n iece g , , , .

6x 6 ) L at . o . k t t . Gr . 1 o ct 6 G h ab an OE e a h t a OS. OH G >x , , t . t , . ,

’ - a h t o er /i t Gr . O em ds st r et eb ed o ut L at r c us o h r aih t S , g ; p , , . é t , G t . , i H r h r i b st r E r h t OS . G e t t a t . O . O . , , g , n

‘ G r . W K r O L a n s t E t t . en s n t m. Go h . n ah s . > . . . oct no O q x g i g s, i , t ,

n e a n OS. H G n a h n t t , O . t , n .

6 7 . T he I nd . ed ae d be a e the t enues § g m i b, , g , g c m

t k k k w . p , , , ( ) k E . k l b 0. u a an sl a u sla c wea ot . s e an O . > p B lg ri b , , , G h p ,

' a n S s l a to slee r a be sla ck L ithua s l ae O . an o n to p , p , p , igi lly ;

i E . d éo d o de . n an d u us o . d u s O OS e i b , G th p , p , . i p , p

m r . Séxa i E . n G o t . t h u n t i e d > t . L at . d e c e a O OS . , , G h , ,

t eh a n ten L at . d fi c 6 I lea d ot . t iu h an OE . t éon , ; , , G h , ,

n dr lea d L at e d e r e . t a n OE . O S . OS . t i oh a to aw . o , , ; , G th i ,

E S w i t a n o e t a n to eat L at . v id er e to see ot . O . O . t , ; , , G h ,

know .

d u k ni OE . c n 6 0 OS . L . n u . v ot u at e . g > k . g , Gr y , G h , ,

H O k n eo knee L at . u s t 6 I ta ste . edw I l et ta ste O . , ; g , , Gr y , , b e H . n t e t c oos E . c éos a n S. O G k i os a o t s t . k iu s an O O G o h , , , , ;

E . i s I . d . ik O L at . e 6 . £ o OS. g , Gr y , G th , ,

k E . c e al d L at . u r ost ot al d s O > k k w . e . g ( ) g l , f , G h , ,

ld L . u r t . a k n OS. d HG . k a t co at a 6 e o u a S. k a O O l , l , ; g , G h , GR A MMA R 2 9

6 ki a n to a dd incr ea se L at u u m . o év o . u k , , ; . j g , Gr l y , G th j ,

OE . oc oke e . g , y

* * ’ . ios ro iw os li Z L at . v i v os ro w i w os Gr B f m g , / , f m g ,

ot . n a e n . iw i s OE . cw i c u OS. u ik OH G . u ec G h qi (g q ), , q , q , * uick i v I o L a t a l v e . a fv w o a w . v en 6 q , ; Gr B fr m B j , g , i from

w em 6 I come ot . im an OH G . u 6m a n to come g j , , G h q , q , .

h n 6 . d t nue as a e eca e o e e i 8 T e I g . e s pir ta b m v ic l ss sp rant s

in . e an c an d t u s e to e e w t and unde went prim G rm i , h f ll g th r i h r all fu rt her changes in c omm on wi th the voiceless spirants w c ar s h te nu e th e att e a n hi h o e from t e I n dg . s l r h vi g a lso passed thr ough the in termediat e stage of te nu es aspiratae e ore t a T he tenue s as a e b f hey be c me v oice less spirant s. pir ta

w w f in th . I nd e e o e e o so a e o u r en e e . r , h v r, r r cc r c prim g

an u a e t at t e ma be ne e ted in an e e enta wo k l g g , h h y y gl c l m ry r f s k n d o thi i .

9 h I nd d ae as atae b h d h h h obab 6 . T e . e g m i pir , , g , 9 p r ly be a e r st o f all the v o ed s r ants b d w . F or the c m fi ic pi , , 5 , g ( )

u - n h e an f rther de velopme n t ofthe se sounds duri g t e prim . G rm ic

e od see 7 0 7 1 . p ri , ,

' 7 0. b a n t a and b d ed a a te their corre , i i i lly, , , g m i lly f r s o ndin nasa s be a e the o ed e os es d p g l , c m v ic xpl iv b , , g

H r a n to ea kr S . b . o . a r a n OE . OS. O G . e b r G th b i , b , ,

m 6 m I ea r t . b r 6 r E h ar a L at . fe r 6 b o a b i O . , Gr. 6 p , , ; G h p ,

‘ kr h L Oor S. r h r u e r S . b ér t a r at . b r 6 O b 6 t a.r H . b od , , O G ,

r ber M t e r , b ot . * m S ot . k am s OE . c om OH G . c a m co b kr . am G h b , b , b , , j * m b h a s tootb . bolt na il r . o o b h os . , , Gr , , p im f rm g

Skr ni - d . ot . d a s OE . d a OS. d a d . d a h é s G h g , g , g , ay , g , * * - de u i d h a h as bot sea s on su mmer I nd . o d h o h os ol r g , , , g f rm g ; M I E 3 6 OL D H I GH GE R A N PR M R

v - o I ba ll la ce d S d ad deed a d to . o a s é d O . e e E . O , , , r l t Gr a , p ,

- kr d h ém a la w dw ellin la ce oot d h 6 ut la ce. S . , , g p , r p , p

d to bin d Skr b an d h an a m a bindin E OS . in an . ot . O . G h b , , , g , root b h en d h

. H t n 6 S O . en na r r ow c . L a . a ot a w u s O . O g G h . g g , g i , , p g ,

d w I r ess t t oo a fi h ot . l a s OE . on Gr . yx , p n , r t g G h gg , l g ,

OH G . l a n L at . on u s l on . OS. g , l g , g

‘ ’ 1 b d e a ned in o t e os t ons and t e r u t e 7 . , , 5 r m i h r p i i , h i f r h r n n devel opment be lo gs to the history of the sep arate la guages .

See 8 5 .

VE R N E R ’S L A W

A e th o e on of the st soun d- s t n and 2 . e 7 ft r c mpl ti fir hif i g, w hile the p r in cip al a ccent was not yet confi ned to the root s ab e a u n or nte c an e took a e between the yll l , if m i r h g pl c

o e ess and o ed S ants w ma be t us stated v ic l v ic pir , hich y h

T he ed a or na s a nts f w s e u a be a e m i l fi l pir , p, ! , x , r g l rly c m b d w 2 w en the o we ne t e ed n t e did not , , g , g , h v l x pr c i g h m ; a o d n t o the o na I nd s ste of a entuat on bea cc r i g rigi l g. y m cc i , r the n a a en of th word pri cip l cc t e .

‘ T he D d w w t u s a ose r o I nd t k , , g, g , hich h r f m g . p , , , q, unde rwent in the Ge rm anic l an guages all fur th er changes in o on w h t t e b d w o m I n d . b h dh h h c mm i h , , g, g fr g , , g , 9 . ’ Verner s law manifest s itself m ost clear ly in the various

o s of st on e b s w e e the n n t e e sent ar e f rm r g v r , h r i fi i iv , p r p ticipl ;

re se nt tense an d re t erite r o erl e e s n u ar had the p , p f(p p y p rf ct) i g l

- r n a a cent o n t he oot s ab e bu t the indie . et . u a p i cip l c r yll l , p r pl r l , r h the et . sub . ro er o tat e an d ast a t e ad t he p j (p p ly p iv ), p p r icipl * n a a ent on the e nd n as m . e an w er 6 > p ri cip l cc i g, pri G rm ic p ‘ * : - OE . w e or Eie I become kr I tur n r e t w ar a S . v ar t a mi . , , p p

= - OE . w e ar s I beca me kr v v r I ba v e tur ned r e t. l . , S . a a t a , ; p p GR A MMA R 3 x

* * n h l . u sed mi E w u r d u m w u r d o is t e . e s . w u r du > O . ( 3 p r p

= - f r al on s e e a me kr v a v r t im a . w u r o l e s w b c S . d an a p r ), ; pp

= - i i d = Skr h OE . w r d en Skr . v a v r t an a OS. b r . ar a t > o b i ,

di . a s e t . az a : be r . in s bear s 2 e s . s . es e o b ai r ; . p r g p p iv G h

- Skr . b h ar a se . Or t o t ake e a e s o noun o s we a e x mpl fr m f rm h v , ’ — * z m . . . u r e r i . fa e r o . e g Skr . p it ar Gr . w p p G erm d G th

- . é xa r év L at n fa d a r OE . feed er OS. fa d er . c e t um , , ; Gr ,

S . d bundr ed . e . o . OE . O h u n . prim G rm G th ,

T he omb nat ons s s t sk as ft fs h e and h t w e e c i i p , , , , , , , r not subje ct to this law .

N — T h e ri m G r man c s s em of a ccen ua on w as k e h a OT E . p itive e i y t t ti li t t f h r n a u d fa n o Sansk r Gr eek & c . . e . t e c a ccen co on a it , , , i p i ip l t l ll y syllable ; it w as not until a la ter p er i od of th e p r im itive Ger manic

an ua e h a th n a ac n w as con ned t o th r oo - s a e l g g t t e pr i cip l ce t fi e t yll bl .

F rom what has been s a id above it follow s that the inter ’ an n a s of onsonants due to er ne s law ar e : f— b ch gi g p ir c V r ,

- — — — d s z w w . p , , x g, x g

f— H ‘ b . ot . e r f I need l . a ur b u m O G . inf. h efi en G h p , , p p ,

t i e r . . o r a s et l . h u ob u n . i h a b a n , p p , pp g

— l . d . OE . inf. w eo r an to become s n i an to cut et . p p , , p , , pr p

w ur d on sn id on . w or d e n sni d en . , , pp ,

’ — “l * s l . k uz u m r . z I test et . . . e k éu s O . Prim G rm . , , pr I p , pp *

k uz n inf. to cboose r et . l E 6 o s an H k i os an . a a O . c O G . , , , p p E O . c u r on H G . E r n OH G . ik or a n . O k ur un . O . c o e , , pp , g T he West G ermanic langu ages an d Old Nor se r egular ly de e o ed t s a to r v l p hi .

— * I nf. . OE . t eon o t 6 0h a n OH G . z i oh a n to x g (fr m ), , dr a w t l . o e n e . OE . t u o n CH . z u u n . OE . t , pr p g , G g , pp g , H O G. giz ogan .

— * ‘ w w . . l . sé e s é w an to see et . . x g Prim G rm . x , pr I p g 3 2 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

* w u m i . s e w a n a c . OE . seon o , pp g p (fr m pret .

l . s é on . s e w e n p g , pp .

w be a e be o e 11 in ot e ases it be a e w as g c m 5 f r , h r c c m ,

o . a u s a b bes de aw i ro a ir G th m g , oy , i m f m g l

o s iu n s E n s i n S O . sé o o u n O . s o G th , ( ) , i , fr m

- a seez u a ce ot . s nai w s OE sn aw w t w r o the g , f ; G h , . ( i h f m * ob ue ases o . or m s n o i h 6 3 liq c ), fr m prim f q ,

s now .

— N T E x. Ca usa e er s h ad or na sufli x a ccen ua on and O tiv v b igi lly t ti , here for a so e h h ch n o n an s en a E am t e l x ibit t e a ge f conso t giv bove . x ples

h — - t st Go . w air a n o b e a w an o r o E n t a r e t e ome fr ar d de O . a o t p , j , y ; lip , — ‘ * — o l aed a n from l id ad E 13.- r i s en t a r ise r é a n fr m g a jan , to le ; O . , o r o

’ a I t is es t o d efer n man e am es of erner s l aw in OH O . b t givi g y x pl V J

- un a f er th e H G. soun d sh f n een r ea ed See . til t i ti g has b t t . 5 87

O T H E R CON S ON AN T CH A N GE S

3 . E e labial t be a e it as ot . s k a an OE , 7 v ry + c m , G h pj ,

d t - s ci e a n OH G . s k e h e n to cr ea te bes e o . a sk a ft s p p , p , , i G h g ,

- - cr ea tion OE . e s c e aft OH G . i s cat t cr ea tu r e ot . a n , g , g , ; G h g ib ,

- H b an to i e b e . fir s if a iv in OE . O G . é v es d o ts g , g , i G th g , g g ,

H i . O G. ft t g i , g f

r H m a a n to be E er uttu al t be a e h t as OE . C G. v y g + c m , g ,

E . m a h H a ble be s de r et . s n . o . ah t a O e t a O G . , i p i g G th m , ,

a h t a ot w a ur k a n OE . w r oa n OH G . w u r k e n to m ; G h . j , y , ,

h OE . k bes de et . and . ot w a ur h t a w a ur t s w or . , i pr pp G h , ,

- w or h t e w Or h t OH G . w or h t a i w or h t o . b r i a n , , , g ; G th g g ,

d . ot OE . OH G r in an to br in bes de et . an . . b g , g , i pr pp G h * b r ah ta r a.k t a OE b r 6 h t e b r 6 h t OH G . b r ah t a b r ah t . , b , . , , ,

E e dental t be a e as s at a s o . OE . w i t a n to v ry + c m , ( ), G th ,

k OH G. w i ses now bes de et o . w is s a OE . Wis es , i pr . G th , ,

3 4 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PR I ME R

n § 7 7 . ! bec ame an aspirate (written h ) i itially before

v owe s a nd obab a so ed a betwee n v owels . l , pr ly l m i lly

h a n n I nd ff d n u e . c ns nants u e e o t 7 8 T e rem i i g g . o o s r f r h r m ate a an es w n nt r Su n ri l ch g hich eed be me ioned he e . mmi g up the re sults of 6 5 - 7 3 we a rrive at the following system of ns n nt h an c er d co o a s for the close of t e prim . G erm i p io I NT ER D PALAT AL AND L As I AL T A . . EN L DENT A L . GUT T UR AL . Voiceless p I; k E xplos z v es Voi ced b d g Voiceless f s ! Sp z r a nts VoI ced b a g N a s ls a m n 1]

l , r

S em - i v owels w j(palatal)

T o t ese u h m st be added aspirate h .

CHAPT E R VI I

SPECIA L WEST GER M ANIC M ODIFICA T IONS OE T HE GENER A L

R M - H GE ANIC CONSONANT SYST EM . T HE IGH GERM AN

S - SH T G &c . OUND IF IN ,

7 9 . . e an 2 w a ose om s be a e Prim G rm ic , hich r fr c m

r ed a and was dr o ed na as OE . m ar s OS OH G m i lly, pp fi lly, , . . m 6 r o o . m t E . S h or d H h o r t ai z e r ea er O O . O G . , G th , g ; , ,

h S. H G . ik r a n ot . u z d tr ea sur e . OE . c or e n O O G h , ; pp , g p ,

bes d inf E . oéo s an H k i o s to cboose E . e . O OS. G . an O i , C , ; * S . d e O . d a OH G. t a G ot d a s o d a az d g , g , g , h g , fr m g , ay ; * E . S. H su nu z son G . su n u o su n u s o . O C . OS O , G th , fr m , ; GR A MMA R 35

I n est e an all s n e onsonant s e e t r 8 0. W G rm ic i gl c , xc p , a t we be o e a o ow n T s were d ouble d fte r a shor vo l f r f ll i g 5 . hi

n in S b ut was e ne a d in E ost et a e d O . o ed O . jwa s m ly r i , g r lly r pp H and OH G. as OS . s ell i an OE . s el a n O G . s e e n o . , , l , ll , G th E a an to iv e u OS . fr e m m i a n O . fr e m m an OH G . s lj , g p ; , , * n fr m an O . I cel . fr e m a to er br m en . fr e m m e o . a , G th j , j , p / g

n n i e s OH G . k u n n a s o . k un i s I a r ace s . OS . k u g , , G th j , f ; * a u w a fr ou r om fr W J w oma n H G. fr w a a 6 O , , f j

b and be a e b b d d and as OS. s e j, mi, gj c m , , g g , ibbi , b i l a tions i S . b d d i an E d n o . s ib a b r e O O . d a G th j ( ) , p ; , bi ,

id n t e uest r OS; h u o ot . b a d o r a n G h j ( ), q , p ay gg i , G th. k h u gja n to tbin .

k i E i e n k S s e an O . s c a o . s a a n to cr ea te O . p p , p p , G th p j , ;

S s e t t i an OE se tt a u o s t a n to se S r e a t . k k i an O . , . , G th . j , ; O ,

ela te ot u f - r a k n to t etc r OE . r e c e s a n to r . a s r b o tb . ( ) , , G h j , f F or the H G t r e a ent f est an d O . o e b b d tm W G rm ic , , g g ; an k k see 8 4 p p , t t , d , , 8 5 .

and k w s d ub ed in We st m 8 1 . t e e a o o e a n c § p , , r l l G r i H be or e a o ow n r as O G . k u far co er r L o at . f f ll i g , p , pp , f m

H G r r cu r u m OS . O . sn ot t a OE . sn ot t o o . s n u t r s w ise p ; , , G th , ; H E . r I l i r itter . t t r b S. O G i e t t o O . ce b t E O O . w b , bi , , ; O . a c

' H k r I l r l ul T e n c er w a c O . c e . v ak wa tc . se co sonan O G . a s , , , y h t o s m d ub d b 1 a E we e a s o e es o e e o e s O . aa e l H O G . r l tim l f r , p p , I l le S . a h ul O . ce . e l i a O l u t ti l OH G. l u t z il little p , p , pp ; , , .

T H E H I G H G E R M A N S O UN D - S H I F T I N G

T h 8 2 . e most s triking featur e in which H igh G erman differs from t he othe r We st G er m an ic l angu ages is the ener a s n w e ta n onson ant s u nde n g l hifti g hich c r i c rwe t . T his pr ocess had its b eginning before the period of the oldest D 2 3 6 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

H G. onu ent s and w as a t a o et ed b the end m m , pr c ic lly c mpl y h t e e t entu . T he . H G an ua had he Of igh h c ry prim . l g ge t following e xplosives and Sp irants

GUT LA BIAL R A T U L . Voiceless p k E xplosz v es Voiced b g Voiceless f p x(h ) Sp z r anls Voiced b d g

N T — b occur red n a m ed a a f er m and in th com n a O E . i iti lly, i lly t , e bi nb b d oc ur r in l os ons u r m o 0 c ed a l . occ r ed ed a ti (M 7 , p iti 3 i lly a f er a s a so in the com na on and r o a a s a r ad t I) , l bi ti 3 3 , p b bly l o l e y n a i iti lly.

8 3 T he on onsonants w we e s ted t ou ut . ly c , hich r hif hr gho

the w o e of the H G . d a e ts we e the v o e ess e os es h l i l c , r ic l xpl iv n f he o e d s r ant nd t k . T he s o t s a e os v es p , , hifti g v ic pi xpl i l H i tend o e a l t h . t h s n f d d not ex v r e G diale c s . T e hifti g o p t o d t hrough the intermediate s tage it t ook place in historic n in i t es be nn rst e e an about 0 A . n . t im ; gi i g fi Upp r G rm 7 5 ,

a adua e ten de d ov e ll th H G d a h d gr lly x r a e . i lects by the end v ntu of the ele enth ce ry .

8 4 . T he o e ess e os es t k unde went a tw v ic l xpl iv p , , r ofold t reatmen t accordi ng to t hei r position in the word : ( I ) me diall or na a e owe s z n t a as al so ed a y fi lly ft r v l ; ( ) i i i lly, m i lly n n n l m n nd w n doub d a te o so a t s r a e e . f r c ( , , , ) h l i r . r H G. s n e t k were s ted n OH G. to t he P im . i gl p , , hif v o e ess doub e s ants if see unde a h h a so ic l l pir , 66 ( 7 r ) , ( l

w tte n oh h . ri , )

‘

. E . n HG M an to slee E . n fi l é e C . e p > O s p , , p ; O op ,

’ H Oflan o en O . s c i OH G. s f sbi . O G. , p ; E p , k i , p 37

t . OE . h s t a n OH G . h e iz an to call OE . e t a n > § a , g , ; ,

H . E H O G é to eat . h w t G h w t ? an O m O . a wba aa , ; , a, k k . n z e i an i e E . c e H . h h n to n h h O t a O G s E . > , , g , ; O

’ m i ‘ ac an OH G . m a h h 6 n to ma ke . OS. ik OE . i c , , ; Goth , , H G i h O . , I .

T he double consonants were simplified accordi ng to 1 1 , 8 9 .

— N T . k r ema ned unsh f ed in the om na ons s s t eh a s O E p , t , i i t c bi ti p , , , also t in h m n ons r h f t e co a t t t . C . 66 n o es . bi ti , , p , t

2 . t k n a as a so ed a a te onsonan s p , , , i iti lly, l m i lly f r c t

l r n and w en doub ed be a d t the ati . e s e o ( , , m , ) h l , c m hift ri

catae .

f h t a ene a w r tten a s and z and k h c h see p (p ), (g r lly i ), ( ) ,

9 . H ere a distinction must be ma de between the va rious

di ale cts .

be a e f in e e an and E ast F an on an but p c m p Upp r G rm r c i ,

e a ned un s ed in R en s F r an on an e e t a te r m i hift h i h c i , xc p f r

1 and r .

in all H G d a t t be a e a e s. c m . i l c

k be a e k h c h in e e an on in the ot e c m ( ) Upp r G rm ly, h r n dialec ts it remaine d u shifted .

f . OS. l e an U G. and E . F r . flé an bes de R . Fr . p > p p g , p g , i

E . l a n E l an l é an to ca r e or O h s U G. .F r . R . F r . h e h p g , f p , p ,

to bel OE . or UG. E . F r . R . F r . t h or h v illa e ot . p ; p p , p , g ; G h

sk a an OE . s ci e a n UG . E . F r . sk e h en sk e h e n pj , p p , p ( p p ),

s de R .F r . sk e e n to cr ea te. be i p p ,

- N T . f eca me t af er 1 and r dur n the nin h n u as h el f n O E p b t i g t ce t ry , a ,

w 6 r fa n to t br ow . t o belp ; ,

E . ti en H z éh n ten E t > a . O , O G. a , ; O . h eo r t e , C H G. 3 8 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

h ér z a ot . s a t E . s e t t a n n s az on to a n O OH G . se t z e e ; G h j , , ( ) ,

set OS. s it t i a n E . t H . z e t O s t an O s t n to si . ; , i , G i ,

k > k k . OE . c or n UG . k h or n ch o m be s de F an on an , ( ) , i r c i

k or n cor n OE . w e or c UG . w ér c h bes de F ancon a n , ; , , i r i w ér k w or k S k i n h a n . w e c a E . w G . w ec , ; O , O e c c a n , U

w ec c h an be s de F an on an w e c k e n to a w ake. ( ) , i r c i ,

§ 8 5 . T he voice d explosives and voic ed spira nt s did not undergo the same u niversa l Shifting as the voic eless ex plo siv T he n e es. followi g are the chief points t o be notic d h ere concerning the se con son ants

. e F an on an eta ned b b w e eas e I Upp r r c i r i b , , h r Upp r

e a n s e d F b ér a n t o bear s a t e to as U . . G rm hift h m p , p p , r , , ibb ,

eace bes d UG r n e . e . é a s p , i p , ip p

e F an on an an d Alemanic s ed b to w e eas in Upp r r c i hift b , h r

a a r an it U F r an Alemanic s u n a ea s as e . . . d B v i pp r p , g . ib , d o . s u n r ea d sib u n sev en u il ot . u b il s r ea G th ib ( ), ; b , G h ( u b il s ev il but u n u il a a an s . ) , , B v ri ip , p

l H i an E 2 . O . A l G d a e ts s ted d d to t t as ot . b d . i l c hif , G h j , mi d a d d n G n e ue t h. m i d i s OE . a OH . t t e to r s o bi , bi , q ; G t j , , H O G . mi t t middl e i , .

r F an n a n s fted s n e d to t Upper Ge m an and E ast r co i hi i gl , w e ea n r n nian eta ned d n t a bu t fre h r s R he i sh F a co r i i i i lly,

'

uen s ted it t t in ot e os ons t us OE . d oh t or q tly hif o h r p iti , h ,

' da u bter n d a n to bind b eod a n to a er a ea in UG . g , bi , , , j , pp r

R F r . as d oh t e r nd in . and E . F r a h e r i n t an b i ot a n a . s t o t , b , , ,

n d a n b iod an bes de i n t an b i ot a n . bi , , i b ,

but was s ted to k k in . e a ned in F an on an 3 g g r m i r c i , hif lie e e m an a s OS . l i l an F an on an l i en to Upp r G r , g g , r c i g g ,

S h r u i F an n an r u i back bes de UG . dow n . co ; O g g , r i g g , , i GR A MMA R 3 9

i it wa st S n a ned in F r an on an but n UG . s o i gle g rem i c i , m ly s ed to 1: a so w tten 0 be o e uttu a owe s and na hift ( l ri f r g r l v l fi lly) , n t a and na t u s F an on an a s t uest t a d i i i lly fi lly, h r c i g , g , g , ay ,

in U as k a s t c . a ea G. t a pp r ,

be ca e in F an on an and ene a a so in UG . in g m g r c i g r lly l ,

the a e d a ects a e k t u s o . s t e e n r ea d s t e e n l tt r i l r r ly , h G th ig ( ig ), to ascend au o r ea d au o z e a ea in F an on an and ; g ( g ), g , pp r r c i U i c an ou c a UG . as s t i an ou a o e a e in G. s t . g , g , m r r r ly ,

h und T h t a a u a f t e H . so 8 6 . e ble be low gives s mm ry o G

n T he s fted soun ds are nted in a s . shifti g . hi p ri it lic

e . k Prim . G rm p ot k G h . p

OE . p c

' F n R . a r c . p (pf ) fi

' E F an . r c . pf fi

' e an U . G rm pf fi

‘ . er b Prim G m .

ot . 15 f G h b , ( ) OE 15 f . b , ( )

R . F an b r c . b

F an . b E . r c b UG P (b ) 5 1> k s 8 05)

consonants a r e u sua lly taken as t he nor ma in t h s o ok ecause he m os a r ee w h h M d l i b , b t y tly g it t ose of i dle I d and N ew H igh German . n the p ara igms d has been substituted for F r an on a n h c i t .

H F ew G . o s we n 8 7 . O f rm re given i the p aragraph rela t ’ ing to Verner s la w 7 2) in order that they might be le ft

- unt a e the d s uss on of the H G. sound s n F o il ft r i c i hifti g. r m 4 0 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R what has been said in 8 2 - 8 5 it will be seen th at the nte an n a s o f conso nants in OH G are i rch gi g p ir .

— f - G 6. b U . a so de t h d h t ( l p ) ; (Ol r , )

= — h r e . G . a s k c . U o ( p im G rm x) g ( l , )

h - e . w . . prim . G rm x ) w (prim G e rm gw ) — h . e n n (prim G rm . x) g

- s r .

‘ — f b . h e fi e n . i ot h a an to r a se et . l . h u ob u n . , G h fi , , pr p , pp

i h n ab a u r h ab r eason. g ; ,

- d t . l d a n to o et . l . l i tu n . il i t an au sat v e i , g , pr p , pp g , c i * erb e t e n to l ea d rom l a id a n s in d w a s i n d 6 n to v l i , , f j , y , , . t r a v el bes de s e n t e n to send : t n n o s a d a . , i , G h . j

— l . h . z i oh a n t o dr a w e t z u u n . i z o an g , , p r . p g , pp g g ; z e h a n ten be s de - z u deca de , , i g , .

— h d e . l . l w ih a n ot . l e i h ran to len t iw u n . l , G h , , pr p , pp .

il i a n - L t w o l i w an as a h a o . a h ra a a u a g , fr m (g) , G th , . q ,

w a ter bes de ou w a r o mar sb land. , i f m y

— n . i e . h fah a n to se z et l . fi an u n . g , pr p g , pp

— s r . t b se d l k u r . n k l o s an o c oo b es e et . . u n ik or a , , i pr p , pp g ;

in e s a n to be sa v ed et . l i n ar u n . in ér a n bes de g , , pr p . g , pp g , i * t h a r e c usative ve b n er i eu from n aa5 an .

— N T I n OH G . a nd s i m or e in M H G. h s l a w was fr e uen O E . , t ll , t i q tly h t h e ff f a na o and n h d s ur ed hr ou e ec o e e us e . t ar l i h i t b t g t l gy l v lli g , t . g an de f r l iw a n w h h fr om the resen for ms a nd the r es a e . s . o b i it p t p t g , s n l a d of fli oh a n o a so in flu h u n iflo h a re . . n . t ee i s éh a n l , g , p t p pp , fl g

es de r e u ar i s éw a n . of s éh an t o see s l ah an to sl re b i g l g , pp , ; , ay , p t . l d h m s l u oh w h fr om h r s . s u o es e t e ra re r e u a r for t e e l g g , b i g l , it g p t . p . , a nd in k mann h u ob ns e d f h u f w h fr om th r e er a o o e e l . inf li i t , it b p t. p , . h efle n t o r a is e T a an and Ot fri d w ér b an ns ead of w 6 r fan t t ur , ; ti i t , o n, w h fr om t he forms whe r was re u ar & it b e b g l (5 72) c .

4 3 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

n f a wo d r T s w a n e d o r o syllable . hi 0 s the mostly dropped

a e on owe s as 8 6 0 8 6 sea en . s éw e s k n e o k n i o , ft r l g v l , , , , g ; , k n nee e . kn 6w e s e r w e n to r e a r e r et . a r ot a bes de , g g , p p , p g , i

he on e or ar w i r r a & t a t a t és o t e sur e en t r 6 s e w e s c . l g r f m g ( ) ; , , g .

F na - a w a o 6 as un inflected o r a o r 6 r a w bes de i l > > , f rm , , , i

d o r a w r n r n ec e 6 e . a w e s i fl t f rm , g . W was t r eated differently a ccordi ng as it was gener a l Ge rm anic w Gothic g gw ) or West Germ anic w w from

' wa 8 0)

ene a e an w w a u w e a I . G r l G rm ic a > > ou w which b c me

on w e n na as O HG . n ec ted or l a u w ér l ou w 6 r h fi l , i fl f m g , g , ex a ct clea r u ninfle cted o au l ou be s de ot c , , f rm g l , g , i G hi

adv . l a w 6 ex a ct! h a u w a n h ou w an to bew : o g gg , , , G thic 1:

Ge neral G e rman ic e w w > iu w which became i n when

na as b li u w a n : o b l i w a n to str ike t r i u w i fi l , G th . g g , ;

' t r i r u l r e u cba o . w s t e a itb ul i u dat . to i s r i G th g g , , f f , p . , y ; p , fl,

m l r i r no . s u w i p . p .

2 . est er an w w w I n t s ase a w w a u w W G m ic from j. hi c > * ou w as fr a u w a fr o u w a w oma n o fr aw 6 fr ou w en , , , , fr m j , * to r e oice o fr a w a n bes de et . s . fr e w i t a 4 1 o j , fr m j , i pr g ) fr m * h nf n fr a w i t a . T e i . o fr e w e n wa s a new o ma o f rm f r ti , h ade a e t e ana f h et an th r 2 . s o t d e es. . . m ft r l gy o e pr . p 3 g fr e w i s fi 'e w i t on e s th o fr ou w i t a was , ; c v r e ly e pret . f rm

f . a de a te the ana o of the I n . and s es and the m f r l gy I . g . pr

s . l pre p .

iw w o o na e w be a e iu w as s i u w e n o (fr m rigi l j) c m , fr m * se w an to sew c . OE . s eo w i an ot . s i an n iu w i j , , p , G h ui ; * ~ n w a ot ni u is . from e j cp . G h . j GR A MMA R 4 3

0 J

1 n the e esentat on f t s soun d in OH G . 9 . O r pr i o hi

anus r s see 7 unde . m c ipt , , r g , j

see s to a e be c ome a s ant w tten be fo e e i j m h v pir ( ri g ) r , ,

and a e r so et es w t ten i as e n er bes de e n 6 r tbal ft r ( m im ri g ) , g i j , , de on inf. éh n to e r ess r s h u i i s ih it be s a a e s . . h y ; g , n , p g g i , g , g , i

et . s . i ah l . i ah u n n e r e n n e r i en be s de n e r i eu to pr g , p g , g , i ,

sa e f er a r m ot . v h er i e be s de h er e dat s . o h c . ; g i i , . g i , y , p G h

h a r a j .

w en abso ute na be a e o a i as nom . s . j , h l ly fi l , c m v c lic , g

b a e e in na h e r a r m ot h i s . a e c . . a r a i , y , p G h j j (j ) c m fi l * s ab e s as nom . l . aun t s sins o s u n t a k e nn e n to yll l , p , , fr m j , ‘ kn ow o k a nn an . , fr m j

L iq u id s an d N a s al s .

2 T he est e an u ds an d nasa s unde went § 9 . W G rm ic liq i l r

- m n no ater a an es in OH G . e e t t at na w en a m i l ch g , xc p h fi l , h

e e ent of inflex ion be a e - n in the our se of the n n l m , c m c i th

entu as t a u n o de t a u m dat . l . of t a da h a b6 n c ry, g , l r g , p g , y ; ,

d h b m . f n ba e &c o e a 6 s es . o h ab 6 to v . l r , I . g pr ,

F or th f n i H 9 3 . e ate o e a b n O G . see f G rm ic p , b ( )

' 8 4 - 86 F o w at has been sa d t e e and in 6 6 8 9 . r m h i h r , , 3 , i t w be seen t at OH G . f is of t wo o d o in . . it e ua s ill h f l rig , i c q l e an c f or e an O n the e esentat on and r o G rm i G rm ic p . r pr i p ’ nun iati f H c on o t ese two f s in O G . see 7 unde f . h , , r 4 4 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

G u t t u r a l s .

94 h T e H G . s t n n k n av . O hif i gs Of G e rma ic a d g (5 ) h e been en in 8 4 — 8 5 T he er an o b nat on w giv . G m ic c m i i k w as

e esen ed in F r an on an b u and in e e an b r pr t c i y q , Upp r G rm y c h u as u m n t me : m n n e a c h u em a n o co ot . k w a w tte , q , , G h i ( ri

an . e an h was d o d in G in the n t a qim ) G rm ic r pp e OH . i i i l

o b na ons hl h n h r h w in t he ou se o f the n nt c m i ti , , , , c r i h

entu . I n ot e r cases r an . e h h w . e c ry h G m ic , prim G rm w had a t wo o d de e o ent a co d n t o e os on x, x ) f l v l pm c r i g th ir p iti

in the wo d . I n t a h be or e v owe s and ed a h h w r i i l f l m i l , , between owe s be a e the as ate h on h r o see v l c m pir ( f m x,

7 as h a b 6 n to ba v e séh a n z : ot s a ih ran r ea d , ; ( G h. , s e w a n to see in ot e os ons t e e a ne d s an ts x ) , ; h r p iti h y r m i pir , and t us had the sa e sound - a ue as the H G h w a ose h m v l . hich r

e r n . h one and t z o a c k c on t e n a h t n Goth . fr m G m i ; p , h , , n = n a h t e s ah I sa w Goth . s al u : and on the o e and ; , , th r h ,

‘ H I E i k i : G ih . c ot i s oh ick E 00 O . s . 8 6 o O . , , G h ; , O , G th . k = s n k s s r ah I s o e OE . s e e . i p , p p r

Den t a l s .

H de o n f ni d s he . e e t o G e r ma c t ee 9 . F or t O G d 5 v l pm , ,

- 8 e m an 3 be a e d ou the nte r e d ate 8 4 6 . G r ic 1 c m thr gh i m i od T he e stage 6 in the cour se of the OH G . p e ri Upp r Ge rman dialects had ch anged p to d in all p ositions by the n n n T at an and tfrid w ote t h beginning of the i th c e tury. i O r

n a but d ed a t us UG . d er but UF r . t h er tbe i iti lly, m i lly, h , , ;

U d tb . nd UF r . 6 r d a ea r tb UFr . a d G. c h u a uo UG. a , ; q u , , q GR A MMA R 4 5

A C C I D E N C E

CH APT E R I !

DE CL E N SI O N O F N O U N S

' 6 . OH G . nouns a e two nu be s s n u a and u a 9 h v m r , i g l r pl r l

t ee ende s as u ne e n ne and ne ute as in OE . hr g r , m c li , f mi i , r, , f w nd f n u n H does not ate a rom hich the ge e r o o ns i O G. m ri lly d ffe fiv e ases o nat e A usa e e n t e Dati e i r ; c , N mi iv , cc tiv , G i iv , v , h d nst u nta . T e I nst ase does not o u in all an I r me l r . c cc r V k h m e n n . he is e t N . H G . n decl sio s T oc . li e o O ouns are d de d nto tw o eat d s ons a o d n as th stem ivi i gr ivi i , cc r i g e

n n n un w originally ended in a vowe l or a co so a t . No s hose stem s originally ende d in a v owel be long t o the v ocalic or

- n ns n T s w s e so called stro g decle io . ho e ho e st ms originally

- n th weak de n s on All ende d in n be lo g to e cle i . othe r c onsonantal stems will be p ut together under the general ’

ead n M no De ens ons. h i g, i r cl i

T DE CL E N S I O N A . T H E V O OA L I G O R S R ON G

- . T he a de e ns on o ses as . and neut nouns 9 7 cl i c mpri m c . on and o es onds to the at n an d eek o - de ens on ly, c rr p L i Gr cl i

- - - - as o neut . ov L at . n a u m for w eason it is (Gr. m c . s , , , ) , hich r

h - n - som etimes called t e o decle sion . T he a declension is

- - - d v ded nto u e a ste s a ste s and w a ste s. i i i p r m , j m , m

M ASCULIN E . NEU T ER .

S n Nom . A cc . t a da i g. g , y

- - Ge n. t a g es a s ) w or t es as )

nst t a u - O I r. g ) 4 6 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

'

M AscumNs . NEUT ER .

- m . a u . o Acc a w or t N . t a. Pl r g ,

Gen . t a g o w or t o

at t - om w o m - c m D . a g u m , ; r t u , ;

- - - - u n on n u on . , ,

— - - f h en d n u N T T he end n s as a o t e . a n d a t . s . d o ot occ r O E . i g , g g h n r for m fr u n un a f er the end of t e n h cen u . T he nom l . eq e tly til t i t t y . p t a ? is s une a ned is how e er ues o na e w he her the for m g till xp l i ; it , v , q ti bl t

- - sa a d id r ea e s in OH G . n u ou ar the usua d at . l . endin s g lly xi t , e l p g of the ninth centur y ( 5

9 8 . ke t a ar e de c ned ost OH G. a s u ne nou ns Li g li m m c li ,

. in w a e s i a n e . b ér mounta w e t s r it h im il he v e g g , , g , y , g i , p , , , t i u fal dev il k un in kin &c , , g , g , .

- - - 9 9 ; D ss ab n ouns e nd n in a.l a r an w on i yll ic i g , , ith l g

ste s so e t es d o the a be o e a o a c e nd n as nom . m m im r p f r v c li i g ,

a ck ar a cr e eld e n . ac k r e s &c . See 5 9 . , , fi , g ,

r e na e f s d e n on h n n 100. P op r m s o thi ecl si t ake t e pro omi al

endin a n in the acc. as a so t r uh ti n God L or d e . . g , l , , , g

n m P e t r u s acc . P e t r u s n a . t r u h o . , a ; cc t i n an .

' 1 1 k w r r d ned e d in ew r t 0 . e o t a e e ar n bz l eér a e Li cli b , , , p , ,

o ho e z w ifa l t e e s w or d n a n c . oub &c. , h g , y , ( p d , h r be on a so th e d nu t es in - i n and - l i n as m a a ti n little l g l imi iv , g ,

' ’ ma id fi n a r l i n l z ttle z n er e e t at the e e an , g , j g , xc p th Upp r G rm

- d a e ts eta n the n in the en . and dat. on and t at the i l c r i g ly, h

l nd in - tu in Alem i nom . acc . . e an c . , p

- 2 b . a t m . § 1 0 . j s e s

M S . A CULINE NEU TE R .

S n . Nom. A c c . r t ber dsman k unn i r a ce i g bi i , ,

Gen . h ir t e s

a h i r t ie h r e n n i k n D t . ( ) ; i t (k u e ) ; u n e

- - I nst . h ir ti u b i r t u o u n n i u k u n n u o r ; , k ; , . GRAMMAR :4 7

' M ASCUL 1NE . NEU T ER .

m A h r te h r t a - k ur . No . cc . a un ni Pl i i ,

- - G en . h i r t eo i o h r t o k un n e i o k u n n o , ; i o , ;

m - n u - n u m - - Dat . u o k mm nu on hi r t , , , ,

h i im - in u n n i m - in r t , k , .

— r m in s aced ar h n f N OT . T he fo s e e t e usua o es o the n n h E p typ l , i t

The neu er nouns o f h s dec ens on fr e uen end in - i a r century. t t i l i q tly o

o m l in T a an . nth n a c . . n i e o . c , p ti

k b ir t i a re de ned h n na en i 103 . Li e cli t e omi ag t s e nding

in —ar i - a r i - e r i as w ah tfi r i w a h t ar i w a h te r i w a tckma n , ) , ( , ) , ,

l ér ar i teacher s cr i b ar i w r iter scr z be as a so k a t k ar i r ison , , , , ; l , p ,

al t ar i a lta r a n d a fe w o e s r u ck ba ck h u z z i uz z , , th r , i , , p , p i ,

k k m n ar n d v e r an e ute s a e n 104 . e u e d e e n s t Li cli y m y r , i

end r i chi kin dom e t ti bed iz u n i l a n ua e fi n s t a r n e s s i , , g , b , , g g , g g ,

da r kness h e r i a r m en h e r e s dat . s h e r i e h e r i e . , , y , g . i , g . , g

- a st e m e . c . w

MASCULINE .

m . A . sn éo su é n No cc , , s ow

Gen . sn éw es

Dat . sn éw e

- u N m . Acc . s n éw é a. Pl r . o ,

Gen . s n éw o

- - - Dat . s n éw um n u on k n éw u m 4 111 u , , , , o .

— W N T Ou t he forms of the nom s . see 90. hen t he w i O E . . g 5 s

re ce ded a cons onan an a. som e imes 0 e is de e o ed in t he p by t ( t , ) v l p hu es t r eas u r en r é sa w e s ue s s nom neu . t r o e . t n . obliq ease , t . t , , g ; om 4 8 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

105 . T o t s dec en s on be on the as u nes l éo r a v e hi l i l g m c li , g ,

s éo sea b u en . b fi w e s dwellin nd th n eute s r é a e . o , , (g ), g , r ,

cor se z é s o r t side s mér o r ea se. p , , n , , g

‘

- 2 . T h e Cs d e cl en si on .

he 6 - de ns on ont a ns e n ne n uns n n 106 . T e o o a d cl i c i f mi i ly ,

‘ es onds to the at n a nd reek a- de en s on for w c c orr p L i G cl i , hi h

- n i is s e t e s a e d th de n on . T h W6 reaso t om im c ll e 13. cle si e

n k h u - T h o stems a r e decli ed e xactly li e t e p re o stems . e j stems have also the same in flecti ons as t he pure 6 - stems a fte r n the middle of the n i th century .

- 107 . a . P ur e 6 s t e m s .

PLU R .

om . Acc . éb a N g , g ifl

n - - 6 Ge . g éb a , u ,

- m - ou - ou Dat . b u o b é g é , gé , , .

r l n la e nu b e of n un 108 . ke éb a. a e de ed a o s § Li g c i rg m r , a e r d ca r t/z r bonour z al a number t r i u w a deli s a , , é a , , , , , fi ty ,

i - n ad a a v our l osu n a deliv er a nce s t u n t a time &c. g , f , g , , , ,

- m b . jo s t e s .

SING.

- n u n t an i a s u n t a. k u ni n i n ueen su t o, s , ; g , q

s u n t u k un i nginn u

5 0 OL D HIGH GERMA N PRIMER i r s t a n t a n i r esur r ection t ou fi a di in w e i choice l e t i , , , pp g , l , , i , & a lea din c . g ,

- 3 . T h e i d e cl en si om

- n § 114 . T he OH GJi declension contai ns masculi e and

e n T h - a ed e u a in th f mini e nouns only. e 1 w s dropp r g l rly e

m m . f n un s t on ste s a te the o and acc . s . o o w g i h l g m , f r analogy of which it w as al so dropped for t he most p art in

ose w t s t ste s. See 7 . C the o es ond n th i h hor m 5 p . c rr p i g d s n t n in E i ti c io O .

a . M a scu l i n e s .

SING . PLUR .

oni Acc . a s t uest e st i N . g , g g

Gen. a s t e s e s t eo - io e s t o g g , ; g

D - - at . a s t e s i n e n g g e tim , ;

I nst a s t iu e s t i u as t u . r. g , g ; g

N OT E — Ou the consonan ta l combina tions w hich p revent umla ut from

ak n ace wher e m h be e ec ed s ee 43 . t i g p l it ig t xp t , 5

115 . ke a s t are de ned l i n t eo le w u r w or m § Li g cli , p p , m , , a h u l a le s a blow s cr i t ste — Wi l l i r iend ui t p , pp , l g , , , p , f , g i ,

in nd f a n h - i s a a ew ot e s et t e i n the n m. a ay g , h r r i o , cc .

. M an s but o ow a s t in the ot e ases . n g , f ll g h r c y u a d con sonant stems have passed o ver i nto this declension o riginal u - ste s we e s k il t shield w i r t ma ster the house h ei t m r , , , of , , manner sun son onsonant ste s fu o oot nan s a n d , , ; c m , g, f , , , tooth n a n a il , g a l , .

b . F e mi n in e s .

S G. IN PLUR .

Acc . ans t a v our , f

Gen en st i i o . en st eo , o net o

- - Dat . su s ti e n s t im u . , t ; en G R A MMA R 5 r

No n a— Ou the consonan a com na ons wh ch re en um au t l bi ti i p v t l t ,

see 5 43 .

116 . L ke an st are de ned s t a t la ce u un d outh § i cli , p , j g , y ,

fa r t our n ft t i b u r t bir th &c. k u r choice and , j ey , g i , g if , g , , i , ,

'

‘ t u r door e a n the i in h but o ow an s t in t e nom. acc s . i , , r t i , . g , f ll

th o e a se ke a n s ar d n d h ld u - st s e th r c s. Li t e al so ecli e t e o em

“ fi u ot l ood u s t desir e and the on sonan ste s e ns oose , f , l , , c t m g , g ,

m il milk m d i in u h a e v r and a few ot e s. , , g , g , h r

‘ - 4 . T h e u d e cl e n sion .

T h u - e en n d in H s n 11 . e d s o n on e e s e G a a 7 cl i o l g r xi t O . indepe ndent declension ; the nou ns originally be longing t o

a n been for the ost a t tr ans er ed to the i - de it h vi g m p r f r _

clensi n and a so a few t o th - dec e ns n e ow w be o l e a l io . B l ill found a summa ry of the more frequent traces of this n n st e st n in H G decle sio ill xi i g O .

M a s c ul in s s a. .

- 118 . S t u cus tom fr i d u ea ce h u u under sta ndin si n i , , , p , g , g , g ,

v ictor w i t u wood s un u be s de su n eta ned e u in y , , , ( i ) r i th ir h n m 7 z in t he t ase s t e o w d t e o . acc s . 5 o e o e , . g , ) ; h r c h y f ll

t he i - de ens on cl i .

b N t r . eu e .

a n d the u in h m le e e t e no . a c s . 11 F ih u ca tt c . § 9 . , , r t i , g

and d at. s . it had the a d n 5 7 z in the en. s e en s as , ) , g g m i g

F emi ni e . c . n

s d ned l ke an st 12 K en t w a e e e t t at in the dat . 0. cli i , xc p h

‘

- - - l it e ta n ed the old u e nd n s h an t um n u on c . p . r i i g , , ; p

H h an d en v or h an d en . N G. a b , E z ' 5 2 OL D H I GH GE RMAN PRIMER

B WE AK n nn s ron N - S T E M S . D c n ( )

12 1 T h weak de ns on onta ns all t ee ende s. . e cle i c i hr g r

M a s cul in e s a. . S I NG.

h o cock an ,

ni n h a n en , h a

PLUR .

Nom. Acc. ‘ m Gen. h er z c o

- Dat h er z en h ér z in h er z om ou . . , ,

c. F emin ine s .

SING.

Nom z u n a ton ue . g , g

Acc. z u n gim

Gen. z u n g fi n

' - Dat s u n fi n z un m - . g g o , ou .

n o ar e de ned 12 2 . ke h a h er r o h er o § Li cli , , w ah sm o r u it oh s o ox s tém o sta r om o ma n n m o , f , , , , , g , , a ,

12 3 . ke h er z a are de ned ou a e e or e ea r w an a Li cli g , y s , , g ,

cheek.

ke s u n a are de ned u en a woma n d i or n a Li g cli q , , ,

maiden su n n a sun &c , , , . GRAMMA R 5 3

E I C. M I N OR DE CL N S ON S

n n an t St ems . 1 . M on os y l l ab i o C o s o

12 a c l n e s § 5 . . M a s u i . S ING.

Nom. Acc. m an , man m an

G n mann e s e .

Dat m m m m - u - c m - n n nn n o . . an , an a a u , ; ,

N or n — e om a n i om s n some one n e om an n i om an no o ne ha e , , , , , , v

- the r onom na nd n e i the ac . hu om a n n n e m an an p i l e i g u n c , t s e n s , o n .

s en s an d tooth and ru o oot ha e assed o er n o the i - decl en , , , n, f , v p v i t s on the a er howe er re a ned the consonan a end n s - u m - u n - on i , l tt , v , t i t l i g , , in the da t ura . . pl l

12 6 . No t a es of neute s of t s ass now e a n un ess r c r hi cl r m i , l h t e e be su a t a e in t e dat. s . h as to a house b d h r ch r c g , , esi e

h fi se . F b . e min i n e s .

T he n un o na v § 12 7 . o s rigi lly belonging here ha e also

o t assed ov e nto th - en n m s ly p r i e i decl sio .

S R ING. PLU .

Nom. Acc . n ah t ni ht h t , g n a

Gen . n ah t n ah to

‘ ‘ n n . ah tu m’ fl n , o

N OT E — u och book w n u i a b s as m s . the s . n. ch e dat . b . , o tly e t n g s ge u o , .

b u ooh e in the l . was f m . and d l n k ; p it e ec i ed li e ns h t . ur bor ou h cit an d r us t br east w r me m s d k b g , g , y , b , , e e so ti e eclined li e

' 2 0 St ems in r e

12 8 . T o t s ass be on ed : fa t er ather b r u od er § hi cl l g , f , ,

' ' br other muot er mother t oh t er dau hter and s w e st er , , , , g , ,

sister . 5 4 OL D H I GH G ERMAN P RI MER

1 S . 2 G. R 9 . IN PLU N m o . Acc . fa t e r

Gen . fa t e r fa t or e s fa t er o

Dat f t e r r e - - n . a fa t o fa t er u m , u n , o .

— a N or a t a er “ f t e r e and the l . forms a e een mad a f er the t , p h v b e t a na o of th e a - s l gy tems .

. m . n D . n .m o er 1 0 S No Acc Ge . at u t 3 i g .

u . Nom . Acc m u ot er Pl r .

m u o Gen. t e r o

- - m r u m n u on . Dat . u ot e , ,

1 1 ke m u ot e r we e a so de ned b r u od e r 3 . Li r l cli , and

- 3 . S t ems in n t .

1 T o t s ass be on ed esent a t es used as 3 2 . hi cl l g pr p r icipl nouns for the n e t on of the a t es t e se v es see ( i fl c i p r icipl h m l ,

S R . ING . PLU

N om. Acc tri un t r iend . , f t r iu n t o

Dat . f r i un t e

N on — H e on d or na a ar e number ' f noun s a s fian t a re bel ge igi lly l g o , ,

en em w i e n t w a r r ior &c . all of wh ch ha e assed n o t he y , s , , , i v p i t a - dec ens on l i .

- - 4 . St ems in os , as .

‘ e 13 3 . T s ass o es onded to the eek neute s in o hi cl c rr p Gr r s,

- - at n u s en . e r i s . L i , g G 1 RAMMAR 5 5 ,

1 4 S § 3 . ING.

N om . Ac c a m l a mb . l b,

Gen a m . l be s

Dat a m e . l b

I n - - - n st a m u O . u n o . r . l b , ,

13 5 . ke am we e d e ned k al ca l bl a t Li l b r cli b , f, , r a v e and a few ot ers g , h .

CHAPT E R X DE CL E N SI ON OF A DJE CT I VE S

13 6 . Ad e t e s e de n s s tr on or weak T e j c iv ar cli e d a g . h y

a e t ee ender s and the sa e ases as oun s . T he e nd h v hr g , m c n ings of the strong declension ar e pa rt ly nomi na l and p artly

ono na th e a te a r T he n o na pr mi l ( l t r e given in italic s) . mi l end n s ar e ose of th a and o- e ns n T he st on i g th e decl io . r g

de ens on is d v ided nto ur e a o- ste s a O- ste s and cl i i i p m , j j m ,

w - h a w o st e s ke t e or es ond n n ouns . m , li c r p i g

A . S T R ON G DE CLE N S I ON

- m a 6 st e s .

13 7 Al a sc. N ea t .

S n N m l n r blind . o t e b l in t a i g . b i , g A c b l in t a n l in c . b t a s G n b l in t e e . s

D - - at . b l in t emu emo er , o

I ns b l in t u ~ O tr. ,

Da t . b l in t i m - u , e 5 6 OL D H I GH GE RMAN P RI MER

— N T I . T h nom . c as s . and i al end has ft n . l a e e . ers o en un O E g p , g ,

in flect ed fo rm s a so h e a . s n u a T h m o t ce . e . s n t . s r ar a , l g t , bli i e k pplies t o al l a d ec es o f t he s ron d ec ens on Se e 2 10 j tiv t g l i . 5 .

’ 2 T m n h n l n . he nom s fe . a d t e om. a cc . n u fr e uen end i . g . , p . e t . q tly

- u b l i n t u n F r ( ) i Upper anconian .

- - - . Ad ec es end n in a l ar nu wi h on s ems some mes d r o 3 j tiv i g , , t l g t ti p

th e a efor e a oca c end n as b it t ar bitt er en. b it tr e s See 9 . b v li i g , , , g . 5 5

1 ke n t are dec n ll d un § 3 8 . Li bli li ed a a j ectives whose

inflect ed or ends in a onsonant as n ot ood a l t f m c , g , g , ,

old u n oun ul di n olden mah ti mi ht , j g , y g , g , g , g , g

ea r thl &c .

2 - . ja jo s t e m s .

'

- ~ - 13 9 . T he a o st e s difle r f o the u e a 6 ste s j j m r m p r , m

in the u ninfi n - ected o w e u a ends in i . f rm O ly, hich r g l rly

14 0. S ING.

N ea t . m N o . s c é n ér bea u/ ul econa , J s Acc s c é n a n s c é n a . s

&c. &c. &c.

k § 14 1 . Li e s c ant ar e de clined all adjectives whose nu

inflected o ends in - i a so all esent a t es as fest i f rm , l pr p r icipl ,

a st m ar l r enow ned ti ur i dea r b id e r b i use ul b er a n t f , , , , , , f , i ,

bear in &c. g ,

- 3 . w a WO st ems .

14 2 T s ass differs o the u O- a s in he § . hi cl fr m p re a cl s t u ninfle ted n T o ad e t os uninflect c form o ly. h se j c ives wh e ed

form ends in - o preceded by a consonant usually d evelop an a se do e 0 between the onsonant and the w in the ( l m , ) c

n e ted o s. See 6 i fl c f rm 3 .

5 8 OL D HI GH GE R MA N PRI MER

E E E S C . D CL N S I O N o n P A R T I CI P L

4 T h e s n a t e ha b t the st on and § l 7 . e pr e t p r icipl s o h r g n d ke t he weak declension . I n the form er case it is decli e li

- a a o ste and in the atte ase ke b li n to . T us un j j m , l r c li h inflected fo n ém a n t i ta kin s al b é n t i a nointin h a b én t i rm , g , , g , , ha v in g .

s t r on g . S ING .

s a l b é n t a q

&c .

We ak .

SING . F m e .

n e m an t a

’ s a l b d n t o s al b c mt a s a lb é n t a

&c . &c . &c.

has bot the 4 . T he ast a t e ke the esent § 1 8 p p r icipl , li pr , h T he u ninflected or o f s t rong and the weak declension. f m

n v bs ends in - a n as in oman taken ir it a n r idden stro g er , g , , g ,

a f th weak v e bs ends in - t as i h ab et had i s al b ot th t o e r , g , , g ,

a nointed .

S t r on g .

SING .

F m. N eut . e

’ gi n om an ér gi n om a n a ; gi n om a n iu

’ gl h ab ét er gt h a b ét a g gi h ab ét iu

&c. &c . &c .

T — I n F r ancon an monumen s the su fli x - an occa s ona a ea r s N O E . i t i lly pp GRAMMAR 5 9

F em. M asc .

g'in om a n o gi n om an a

gi h a b et o gi h ab et a g ih a b ét a & &c . &c . c . ,

mr s F A n m v n D . T H E Co a m on O or r s

1 . T h e Comp ar at iv e D e gr ee .

T he o a at e is or ed b eans o f the t wo § 14 9 . c mp r iv f m y m suflixes - ir Gothic - ia and - 6 r Gothic - 6 2 to which _ e h n f e a a s b ar then added t e endi gs o w k dje ct ives . Poly ylla ic a dj ectives formed with derivative sufli xes and compound ad e t es t ake the uflix - ar a - 6 - ste s the sufli x - i r j c iv s j , j m u ncompounded p ure a 6 - stem s som etimes t ake the one so et es the ot e suhi x t us m im h r , h

Posrr rv . M V n CO PAR AT I E . l s a ig , blessed

t iu r li h dea r , t iu r l i h h or o

” s u o i sweet a ,

a n l on an r o l g , g l g i

h 6 h i r o ah k’ ’ b t gf h oh or o .

— - Ne r a The e nding o ir o is sometimes w eakened t o er o in F r anconi an

monumen es d un i he or d na r c om . of u n o un ts . B i e j g r o , t i y p j g , y g a u n Go h os p pear j g or o and jfi g ir o ; with the latter form cp . t ic p itive ‘ u s u n s com ara e fi hi aa . j g g j g , p tiv j

u r l t 2 . T h e S p e a i v e .

h Su at i d b eans . of th two § 15 0. T e perl ive s forme y m e

- - = 1 - suffixes is t ( z G othic i st and 16 s t ( G othic 6st to 6 0 OL D H I GH GERMAN PRIMER

Ad which are then a dded the endings of weak adjectives. jectiv es which have - ir o in the comparat ive have - is t o in the

- su e a e and ose w a e or o in t he o . av e p rl tiv , th hich h v c mp h

- 6 s t o in the su e at e t us s al i ost o t i u r l ih h os t o en i st o p rl iv , h g , , g ,

su o i s t o l en i s t o h 6 h i s t o h oh os t o . a , g , ,

3 . I r r e gular Comp ar is on .

T he o ow n ad e t v es o t e o ar at v es 15 1 . f ll i g j c i f rm h ir c mp i and supe rlatives from a di fferent root than the posit ive

n ot ood o . b e ir o su e . b e i st o g , g c mp aa p rl aa ba d u bil ,

m ih h il r eat er o ais to , g m m m inni st o .

‘ - es d t he r e u ar form m er o Go h c ma z e N or m 1 . B i e g l t i i ) occur in Al ma nic t he for ms m er r o m ér ér o wh ch are dou e com ara es e i , , i bl p tiv

E n . n e ar e r . like M od . g

2 l e i s t o l ast is defec e. . aa , , tiv

n a f w ases the o a at e and 15 2 . I e c c mp r iv superlativ e are d o an ad b or e os t on as in at n forme fr m ver pr p i i , L i .

P s . Cou r . S E R o UP L .

aft r o aft , ar o,

er or mer ér i s t o , f ly

for a fu r i be or e , , f t o for d ar é st o

h i n t a r behin , d

n n e w ithin i ,

Ob a , a bov e

fi a a r outside g, g , GRAMMAR 6 r

— h Al emanic d a ec T es de the re u ar for ms a r o &c . t e NO E . B i g l Ob , , i l t fre uen ha s forms w h d ou om ara e end n s as Ob ar Or O &c . q tly it ble c p tiv i g , , ,

m r r o m ér r . cp . e i , O o

APPE NDI !

F OR M A TI ON O F A D VE R B S F R O M A DJE CT I VE S

- 15 3 I . s add n O to the uninflected o of § . By imply i g f rm the ad e t e w en it ends in a onsonant t us j c iv h c , h

u l ba d bi ,

u r dea l ti lih , r t iu r i h o .

a Ad e i es end n in - i - 6 - te dr O th - i e e . t a s s e b o j c v i g (j , j m ) p f r the adv erbial ending - 0 ; and those c onta in ing a mutated stem v owe do not a e it in the adv e bs t us l h v r , h

’ ni l dv . s c 6 n ad . s cO bea ut u a o j , y

u r i dea r i ti , t u r o

fe st a st i ,f

“ s a mfto .

CO M P A R I S ON O F A DV E R B S

- 1 T he o a at e de ee of ad e bs ends . in ar § 5 4 . c mp r iv gr v r

ne e - i r the su e ati e ost ends in - 6 s t but so e ( v r ) ; p rl v m ly , m t es a so in - is t t us im l , h

Ad . l an lon adv . o . l an or su er . l an oat j g , g c mp g p l g

fe s t rst fa st é s t i , fi

ju n g is t . 6 2 OL D H I GH GERMAN PRIMER

following ar e irregular ? co . b a u b ist mp g s perl . eqa

n

m er mor e e s t , m i

m i nn i st .

N O E — m T . s d m e e e er st o ccur the weak neu er ad . for ms m ér a B i , i t j , m ei t a a d r s s a ve bs.

N UM E R A L S

i l 1 . Car d n a

CAR . R A DINAL O DIN L .

s in ne , o ér i st o, fu r i s t o

z w e t o i , w

' d r i t t o

foor fi or our feo r d o fi or d o , , f ,

s eh e six , séh st o

s un se en sib u n ib , v t o

a h t o ei ht a h t od o , g

ni u n ine ni u n , n t o

z éh a n t o

e inl if elev en e inl i fto ,

fi or d oz éh a n t o

‘ finfz éh an teen fi nft a z éh a n t o , fif GRAMMAR 6 3

R A CAR DINAL . O DIN L.

‘ d r i k d x- i u fl ur n s . e g , o fi or z u g Os to

fi n fz u t s .fif y

sé h sz u s ix t seh sz u é st o g , y g

nt s i s ib u nz u g , sev e y b u nz u g Os t O

a h t oz u ei ht a h t oz u Os t o g , g y g n iu n z u g Os t o

z éh a n z ug é sto

z w e h u n t two hundr ed i ,

n 15 6 . T he first t hree ca rdi al numeral s are declinable in all ase n c s a d genders.

I . e in o ows the st on de en s on w en used as a f ll r g cl i , h

nu e a 1 3 7 . e n s in is use d in the sense of a lone it m r l , Wh ,

o w the weak n n f llo s decle sio .

2 N eu t F em . . .

. aw n z w i z w Nom Acc . e o e z w a ( O)

Ge n. z w ei o z w ei o

' Dat z w e im z w e n z w ei m z w e in aw s m z w e n . , i , i , i

. a F em 3 M t . .

Nom A d r i u o . cc . d r i d r i

G e n . d r i o

Dat . d r i dr i n d r m d r n . m , i , i

h na nu - a n uninflected § 15 7 . T e cardi l me rals 4 1 2 rem i w en t e stand be o e a no un w e eas t e stand a er h h y f r , h r , if h y ft a noun or are used as n uns t e ar e de n ed a o d n o , h y cli cc r i g 6 4 OL D H I GH GERMAN PRIMER

F M a sc . em.

m - - No . Acc . i tu ;

- - Ge n . e 0 0 ,

- - - - Dat i m in i l n . . , m ,

T he a d na nu era s a — I O nd n in —z u § 15 8 . c r i l m l o O e i g g

- w d b he OE . t i ot t i u s deca de ar e o o e t g , G hic g , , f ll y

u n t t us r d a s a fem. sub e n e . d us u n t is ost t eate g itiv , h m ly antiv e but so e e s a so as neute st , m tim l a r .

c d n r - - l 5 9 . a n d er se on e ted o an d e er a iu § , , i fl c f rm , § , ,

o ows the st on de ens on the e a n n o d na nu e a s f ll r g cl i , r m i i g r i l m r l ow h w k ns foll t e ea decle ion .

h m r l s . 2 . O t er N u e a

D st u inl one 16 0. . b t e nu e a s as e u s z e b § I i ri iv m r l , , y z w i sk e two b tw o , y .

~ 2 M u t at es as e nfal t fa l t OE . fe al d z w ifal t . l iplic iv , i ( ), ,

&c .

u e a ad e bs as e n e s en . s . once z w i r o 3 . N m r l v r , i , g g , ; ,

z w i r or z w i r on twice d r i r or thr ice. T he e nu be s , , ; , high r m r , as a so so et es t ose en abo e are o ed b eans l m im h giv v , f rm y m of r efixin the a d na nu be s to st u n t t us p g c r i l m r , h ,

n s t t sev en times s ib u u n , .

CH APT E R ! I

PR ON O U N s

1 . P er s on a l .

S . ING PLUR .

Nom. ih , I

A cc. m i h

Gen . m in

Dat . m ir

6 6 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PRIMER

. i 3 P os s e s s v e .

h sse s r n un f nd § 16 3 . T e po sive p o o s o the first and seco

e son s w n s f h r d n p r e re formed fro m the ge . c a e o t e co re spon i g

e sona onouns t us mi n di n th u n ser our p r l p r , h , , my , , y , , ,

i u w ér our T he nd n eut s w s d b . as . a e e e es e , y m c . g . r xpr y

t he e e e o s i n his its the fe m s b i r a her r fl xiv f rm , , ; . g . y , ,

lit . her and th ll en s b i r their lit o e u a a de o . of , pl r l , g r , y , , f

them.

T e we e de ned a o d n to the st on de ens on h y r cli cc r i g r g cl i ,

1 3 7 .

N eut . F em. m N0m . in er mi n i n

u n e r e r a s r e u n s q u n s er iu .

N T E — es de nse r er i u w er ér the f rms u n s r w a t O B i u , o er e , i n er some m s oc ur ti e c .

16 4 . u n s er and i u w ér fo rms in F ranconian

S n om u n N . s er i g.

A cc . u n sa n

Dat u n m . se o m u . N u n s e Pl r o .

&C.

4 .

6 . T he s e de onst at e t h er d er was e o ed 1 5 impl m r iv , mpl y GR A MMA R 6 7

F e m.

d l u

d ea d i a d ie , ( )

d er a d er u - o , ( , )

d iu

PLUR . ? d é d e a d i a d i u d e i is , , , , ( )

’ ’

Gen . d er o d e r o

t d em d en d arn d en d em d en . Da . , , ,

— he F r an n a n d a ec s ha e m os th e unsh f d for ms N OT E . I T co e . i i l t v tly i t

d h n om form t h eir occu r s a so t hi s t h e in T a a n 2 e s e t e . . . B i l ( ) ti fe m l hi ur i e s de the nom . a cc . . . t o occ n F ra ncon ian a so t h is 3 . B i , p l ,

d er &c when used as a r el . r onoun fr e uen h a d con rac ed 4 . , . , p , q tly t t "1 forms es e c a in oe r as t h e ih fr om t h at ih = t h a r ih thi n n s , p i lly p t y , , ,

n z z i t h en . t h in u n s , z é

h und de onst at n i n § 16 6 . T e compo m r ive pro oun s decli ed t hus

M a sc. 6 8 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PRIMER

PLU R . m No . d es e d es n d s t n t h s n d éso i , i ( i ) A c c .

Gen. d e aer o d eae r o

Dat d és ém - e n d es em - e u d es em - e u . , , , .

— masc is t h in f d h e n om . s . ér ér Ot ri T h n s m e e . . . N on a T g . . g g fe is i r a t h d a . fem h er er a in Otfr id and t h e r er r o n T a a n t . s . t h er e t , ( ) ti g r u

in Ot fr id and t h er r u t h er r o t h er r a in T a an en . l . t h ér e r o in , ( , ) ti ; g p er t h er r o in T a an Otfrid , and t h er o ( ) ti .

16 . en 6 r tha t on ost w tten en er is de ned § 7 j , , y , m ly ri g , cli

ke a str on ad e e 1 3 7 . li g j ctiv ,

s él b seI i se ma o ow e e the st on or the weak , / , p , y f ll ith r r g

h de f a t n d w t t e . r i s n a m de ens on Co b e . t es s e cl i . m i i h , ig ifi ,

w n and al ays follows the weak decle sion.

1 A e at e onoun r o e did not e st in OH G 6 8 . r l iv pr p p r xi

its a e was su ed b the de onst r at e d er d a d iu . pl c ppli y m iv , g,

6 . I n t er r ogat iv e .

e nt at e nou n had 1 . T h H e o o no § 6 9 e O G . simpl i rr g iv pr

nde en dent for the e n ne and was de ned in the i p form f mi i , cli s n u a on i g l r ly.

w r w er wh h é , , o

‘ w en an w én a n h w a w as h , , q, ;

h w e w és e ,

h w ém u We o , m

h wi u Wi n . , GR A MMA R 69

- N O T E l . The n a h w as d r o ed fr om th e e nn n of t he n n h . i iti l pp b gi i g i t u cent r y .

2 F r th e ns r Wi n t he for m hi u is a so found . . o i t . l

' m an n w h ch A noun fo ow n W er w as u in th e en . a s Wer o i 3 . ll i g p t g , , ma n w ho I men , lit . f .

1 h w éd a r W e d a r hich o tw o h w e l ih W él i h 7 0. , , w f , , , which h w e ol ih wha t sor t and s ol i h s uch we e de ned , , of , , , r cli

ke st on a d e t es 1 3 7 . li r g j c iv ,

7 . I n d efi nit e .

1 1 . s u m s u m ili h s u m al i h a in ne some one 7 , , , a cer t o , ,

k r n declined li e a st o g a dj ective .

e in one e n i e n n in ne a e sent en es a a one , , i g, i i g ( g tiv c ny , ny ), de ine ike t n d e cl d l a s ro g a j ectiv .

r h er r e e r a one We , w oev , s o We s o, whoso v r , e t ew e , ny .

t h éh e i n d éh ei n a one a n in ne a e senten es no , , ny , y ; g tiv c

one no none. , ,

m a n one eom a n i om an s omebod , , , , y ,

in h n i h e n h e in n oh e in n oh h ei n no none. , i ; , , ,

w i h t e ow ih t i ow ih t a thi n n eow ih t n i ov v ih t , , , ny g ; , , n

' i h like w t a noun in the en ea ch m a n n o i h g il , ( i h g ) , g il ,

each man w éli h iw o iw l ih o i w eli h . ea ch. , g élih , e g é , i g ,

CH APT E R ! I I

V E B B S

de endent h H . has h o ow n n § 17 2 . T e O G verb t e f ll i g i p o s — one v o e a t e two nu be s t ee ersons two f rm ic ( c iv ), m r , hr p ,

enses esent and ete te two om et e oods - nd a t (pr pr ri ), c pl m (i ic e and su b un e t he at e or na the o ta e tiv j ctiv , l t r igi lly p t iv ),

' b esides an imperativ e which is only used in the present 70 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R .

d nfin . a t an n i . es e nse t ree e ba nou s e s . te , h v r l (pr , pr p r icipl ,

e und and one erba ad e e the ast a e . g r ), v l j ctiv ( p p rticipl )

Conju g at i on .

T he H G . e rbs ar e d de d nto two rea 17 3 . O v ivi i g t

— T he at e o r e e er e classes Strong an d We ak . l t r f m th ir pr t it b the add t on of the s ab e - t a and t e ast a r t e b y i i yll l , h ir p p icipl y

- fli h t e e t and a s means of a t su x ; t e forme r form h ir pr . p t

d n ab au partic ip le by vowel gra atio ( l t) . Ab au t is t he adat on of owe s bo in ste and suflix l gr i v l th m , c aused by the p rimitive I ndo - G e rma nic syste m of accen tua

T h o a w n rta n r es of e at ed t ion . e v wels v ry ithi ce i se i r l

- H ix u owe s ca ed a b aut se e s . T er e are in O G . s s v l , ll l ri h ch se r ie s which appea r most cle ar ly in the various classe s of the

W a r e ab e to on u ate a stron e b w en strong ve rbs . e l c j g g v r h i h nfin we know the ou ste s as see n n t e i . or . s f r m , (I ) I g .

l . e n d . t d nd . 2 . s e t n . . . es. . . pr i ic , ( ) I g p r i ic , (3) I p pr i ic , (4) ar a an n the owe s a o d n the p ast p ticiple. By rr gi g v l cc r i g to these four ste ms we arrive at the following system

i . . . ii iii iv . i i I . i i e i e , ,

I I . e o o i n on 6 u 0 (i ), ,

I I I . i e a u u 0 ( ) , i ,

V a a I . 65 , i O i V. e, a. 5 . 6 V I . a a n o n o a ,

’ ‘ — N 0I E l . nder . the rs er ca co umn r e r e n s the ow s a . U i fi t v ti l l p se t v el s he a ea r in t he s em of t h e n n e and t he se cond t he ow a s t y pp t i fi itiv , v els

h a ear in the s em of th e . s . res . nd ca e t ey pp t I g p i i tiv . '

2 . On th e difle rence e ween e o i o a nd i n see 5 6 i 6 a nd see b t ( ) , 5 ; ( ) i ,

3 r ~ 6 and 44 s i and é see 5 4 ou and antl 5 7 , ; i , see § ; , § ; o, see s 5 5 ; n s 0, ee 5 39. GR A MMA R 7 1

A hou h t he se r es of owe s is seen mos ea r in t he s em 3 . lt g i v l t cl ly t form s of s ron er s the ear ner m us not as s ume ha a a u occu rs t g v b , l t t t bl t in s r on erbs on E er s lla ble o f e er w ord of w ha e er a r o f t g v ly . v y y v y t v p t

s e ch on a ns som for m f a a u . r imer o the thic L a n u a e p e c t i e o bl t See P f Go g g , cha pter vii .

es de s t ese two eat asses of s on and we ak e bs B i h gr cl tr g v r , the re are a few other s which will be t reated under the

ne a ad n M in r u ge r l he i g o Gr o p s . T he strong ve rbs were origin ally furthe r subdivided into

u icated and non - r he du a on red pl eduplicated verbs . T re plic ti h s we n r d in H G T he n n a o e e e d sa ea e . o , h v r, ti ly i pp r O redu plica te d ver b s are divided into six cl asses accor ding to the six ab aut - se ies i en ab T he o na edu a ed l r g v ove . rigi lly r plic t V I v erbs ar e p ut togeth e r here and calle d Class I .

A . S T R ON G V E B B S

1 4 . T he on u at on of n ém a n to take w se v e as § 7 c j g i , , ill r

d f r ll t n a mo el o a s ro g verbs .

P r esen t .

I NnI c .

I n i u . m

z .

n im t 3 . i

- - m - u n m - e m s - m - u u . n em e m és e e e é e e Pl r . I , , ) , , )

2 . n ém ét

3 .

I R M PE .

S n 2 n em - a n - e u i g . . , )

- - u n em a m é s em és Jam Jan R . Pl r . I . , , ( , ) GE UND

Gen n ém nn es 2 . n ém e t . a

Dat n m . é a n n e

m - - n t R S AR T . n e an t e . P E . P i , i) 7 2 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

P r eter ite.

— n am - i es - im in m , , )

. in m n PAST PA R T g o a .

N T — l he end n - s t o f th 2 d s r in h o des . . T e s . oe no o u t e O E i g . g t cc l t monuments ; it a r ose p ar tly fr om a na logy w ith t he pr eter ite - p resen t

forms k an s t i t ar s t &c . and ar fr om a fa se e mo o ca d sion , g , , p tly l ty l gi l ivi of the p r onoun fr om the verb t o w hich it w as fre quen tly a ttached eu clit ica ll hus n i mi s u n i m i s t u fr om wh ch ni m i s t w as e rac ed y, t p , i xt t

a s the e r a form c t he s m ar r ocess in OE . v b l , p . i il p — 2 . T he end n m s f he l . r r e on s t o the resen i g e o t I . p p op e ly b l g p t

nd c . a nd m era e fr om wh ch w as r ansferr ed ana o t o t he i i i p tiv , i it t by l gy d a d s l . su . r es . and t o th e re . in ie . n u . I . p bjp p t bj

T h - m - f h l n t o the u . e end n s e én o t e . e o r o r s . 3 i g , I . p b l g p pe ly bj

r es on . p . ly

- . h l T e nd n h . n s u ar m e nu of t e re d c . aro e r e fro 4 i g I . p p t . i i g l ly

- o der u m . 9 2 l See 5 .

- . T he infin . end n e u is d ue t o ha of the weak er s C ass I 5 i g t t v b , l ,

~ wher e e n a r ose r e u ar . Se 1 g l ly e 5 9 .

- 6 . T he 2 . s . r e . nd c ha s a w s the sa me s em ow e as the g p t i i . l ay t v l

re su and r e . l . nd c. p t . bj. p t p i i T he above r ema rks ha ve merely been ma de w ith a v ie w o f e xp la ining t he er a for ms w h d ou e end n I t mu s not howe er ass umed s . be v b l it bl i g t , v , ha the forms wh ch ha e r ema ned unm en oned wer e a ll r e u a r t t , i v i ti , g l ly de e o ed fr om th e Ger man c r m n u ome m r e v l p i p i itive la g age . S of th e w e e her OH O . new forma ons e n d m r h r . . 2 . l . d c . a n e . t e re u a it ti ( g p i i i p , g l * form of wh ch w ou d be n m or had een m od ed in m wa i l i it) , b ifi so e y

ar ana o and ar e e n e . t he e in n em m s der p tly by l gy p tly by l v lli g, g . e é , Ol

7 4 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

- N OT E . I . n th er rm f i w h i n l i u an O e Upp Ge an orms of the nfin . it ( g )

s ee 5 6 . F o r s de k u r un &c e . se e 8 . 5 b i , , 5 7

2 er s o f h s c as s d n in w r ou hou h r n a nd . V b t i l en i g ha ve i n th g t t e p ese t i h r l . a n t e e . and as a r c e a s k iu w a n t o chew Ir on p t p p t p ti ipl , , , ( 5 k nw u n ik nw a n in t he wo a s fo rms h w w as o f en dr o d , g ; t l t t e t ppe . ‘ . s nfan s n a n a re r o er a or s resen s ke C r eek 7 t w . 3 , g p p ly i t p t , li p 6

A CL S S I I I .

1 T o s ass be o n all st on e bs a n a ed a 7 8 . thi cl l g r g v r h vi g m i l nasa or u d onsonant and a few o e s in w the l liq i c , th r hich vowe l is followe d by two c onsonan ts othe r than n asa l or

u d onson ant liq i c .

T ose w n a n in t he in fin and h ith sal co sonant have i . t ou ou t he e se nt 3 7 a nd u in the ast a t e hr gh t pr , I ) p p r icipl the o t e rs h n s nt 3 7 2 e a e in t e s . e e h h v i i g pr , in h ur a d i e t e an n the ast a . p l l, O p p rticipl

I P . S S T S . R T . L . NFIN PR E . G. PR E . G P E

a u

n to bind b in t u an t u n t un bi t an , b b r n n an r u n r in u i , to n s n an to s in s a n i g , g g w er d a u t o become w ir d u w a r d , s t ir b u s t a r b s tu r b u n gi s t or b an h al f h ul fu n gih olfa n

éh t a n to i ht fi h t u fa h t ifoh t a n f , f g g

u to bur st b r i s t u r a s t b r us t u n ib r o s t n br est a , b g a

— N T . I d w i n a n to com el has the . id un an es de i O E . g , p , pp g g b i s d w u n g an .

d r n t n h th w 2 . b i i nn a n to be in an n a o br i a e e ea k re er es g , g , b i g , g , v p t it

bi on ta b i on d a b r ah t a es d e the s ron an r an . g , g , , b i t g big , b g GR A MMA R 7 5

V CLA S S I .

1 T o t s as on s n w ose t nd 7 9 . hi cl s be l g tro g ve rbs h s em s e in a s n e u d r nasa nd a f r o a e w e s . i gl liq i l , Oth I P P . R S PR . S P T P . P E s . E T G; RE . L . . NFIN G. e i a O n em a n to ta ke n m n m nfi m n i n om n , i u a u g a

er a n to bea r i r a n b , bir u g b o h él an to hide h u h h l i h ol n , i l al a u n g a ate a n to stea l s t u t a u n st ol a n l , i l s l s t al g i

u ém an to come u im a q , q u qu m q u am u n H ere be long also s r éc h a n to s ea k s r i c h u s r h s r ac h n n i s r oc h n p , p p p a p g p a

r ec h a n to br ea k b r i c h u r h r ac h u n ib r oc h n . b , b a b g a

N or m— es d e h u m an r a s o u 6 m a n f r m d a f er t e . o occu s o e B i pp q l q , t the an a o of C a ss F or n a n é u i T a an has c O c u l gy l V . i iti l q q ti

C LA S S V .

1 T o t s ass be on all t ose e bs a n 6 i in 8 0. hi cl l g h v r h vi g , t he ese nt a nd e nd n in o e onsonants an t ose in pr , i g th r c th h

C asse s I I I and I V l . P P I R S S P . P . P . . . S . R E T . G. R E T L NFIN P E S .

6 i a a e

éb a n to iv e i u a b a u n g , g g b g g b s i h u gi s éh a n

u ed an to s u id u u at u n q , ay q q e a n to ea t i sn , a

e w es an , to b w a s

es an to r ea d a ther l i s u l a s l , g

éh a n to co ess h u a h ah u n i eh a n g , nf g i j j g g H e re be long also

t z e n to s it s it z u s a s i , g b a t bat un

o l e d n a a l igg e n , t i ow lig gu l g l gun 7 6 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

— N . I W h h n d s d T . t e a i a c . OE . e an L at . e e r e t o eat e e O E it a, p t , , , b i

- OE . é t , L at . éd i .

2 . On h u eh an es de ah see 91 . g i , g , b i j , 5 * * s z e n fr om s it a n t e n fr o m b i d an = G h c b i d a n 3 . it j , bit j ( ot i j ) , * en fr om l i a n See 80. T he e on ed t o the resen on . li g g gj . jb l g p t ly

V 1 8 1 . C LA S S I .

I T . S R G . NFIN . P E

a n o fa r a n to o fu or , g t r a t o ca r r g an , y t r u og w a h s a n to r ow w u oh s , g s l u og

s t an t a u , to sta nd s t u on t H e re be lo ng a lso h ff n to r a ise e e , s k e p h e n , to cr ea te sk u of sk n ofun

s w e r i en to swea r s w n or s u or s w u or u n , ( )

s u or u n

— N OT E . l T he 2 and s r es nd c . ha e um a u see ho we er . . 3 . g . p . i i v l t, , v , 4 5 3 .

2 T f t re . he r e . s s a h a s een for med af er the ana o o he . p t g . g b t l gy p t

l T he r e u a r f r m l h u r n d s m numen s p . g l o s u o still oc c s i t he ol e t o t . s s n n t m the . t u on t t u o t u n i s t a an ha e the n in t he s em fr o 3 , , g v t u h u 11 ar rese n c . OE s a n d a t o sta nd r e . s od . F orms w o e p t , p . t , , p t t it t

f nd r r r oc ca s ona ou in H as r e . l . for st ot u n . F o the sho e i lly O G . p t p u t fo m r esen s see 20 . p t r , 5 4 * m h a f t a . L a t . c a o . h e ffe n fr o an Go h c a an to r is e c 4 j t i b j , , p p i ] * ‘ * s k e p h e n from s k a p ja n Gothic sk a p ja n ) ; s w e r i en from sw ar jan fo r m Se 0. h u b a s it s fr m the r l nd t he r e u a r e 8 o h o e . . a . 5 b p t p pp , g l * w u d h f T he r esen en h r e r s fo ow s th e o l be n o . p t t se of these t e ve b ll nflec on o f the w ea k e r s as I i ti v b , Cl s . T h a m 2 m . e r e u or s h 2 d 5 . f of t . d s r s . nd c . an . i r e an . e 5 g l 3 . g p i i g

- e r ativ e of h efre n w er e h ev i s h e v it h ev i for t he see un d er f. p , , ; v 5 7 T his v then beca me tr ansfer red t o other forms Of t he p resent wher e it GR A MMA R 7 7

h e v r e en . n . n a . h en es . ar c e b did not or iginally belo g, e g . i , p p ti ipl v ti

a a er er od t he f the r e . l and . cr e n o the Similar ly at l t p i b o p t p . p p p t i t

r esen fr om wh ch a r ose the M dd e an d M odern H G . form h e e n . p t, i i l b V I CLA S S I .

1 8 2 s s e n se e bs w had na . T o thi clas b lo g tho v r hich origi lly ’ k heko m a reduplic ated p re terite s like e . g. Gree or G othic h al

d an to hold et s . h a ih a l d l ét a n to let et . s . a ot , , pr . g , , p r g l il ;

flOk to iflOk h a to m la in r t s f t an ca ll . . an co e . . a et s , p , p g i , , pr g

h a ih éi t au k a n to incr ea se e s . si an h . , , pr t . g u T he reduplic ation d isappeare d in OH G. thro gh the r e duplicated syllable unde rgoing cont r action with the stem

- syllable . F ive sub classes are t o be distinguished according as the p rese nt st em contains

a . e an a ot a Prim G rm ic , G hic

a as s

9 1 a i

on (6 a n an

n o 6 6 .

- Su b cl as s s 1 2 . e , , 3

T he ete f th r n n 18 3 . pr rit e o e ve bs belo gi g here contained the s em - owe e in th o de t state f the an a Du n t v l e l s o l gu ge . ri g t h H e od t s was de o ed to i a t r u h e O G. p ri hi 6 vel p h o gh t e i nter

e d a e st a es e a i a see 0. tfr id had i a T 5 O at an i e . m i t g , , , i

- t s . and u . a t he a te w T he pre . g pl r h v e s m e s m vo el .

I . S . P . P . R T G NFIN P E . h a l t n tohold h a , i e lt

an an to o g g , g

fal l an to a ll , f H ere belong properly al so

h n to sei e fi a , z 7 8 OL D H I GH GE R MA N PR I ME R

— or a 1 . O n the as tw o er s see 3 6 8 . N l t v b 5 5 , 7

T a an for i n t fl en n n w for m f r 2 T he r e . i n t fi e n n in a s ed a e . p t g ti g t f h e r ese n the a na logy o t p t .

or t he shor er rese n s of a n an see 205 . 3 . F t p t g g 5

S . I NFIN . PR E T . G

a a n to let a l g , l i g

s l afa n to s lee , p

r at an to a dv ise r i a t ,

h e an to call i h e i an ig , g q

s k e id n to s ev er s k i d k i a , a g i s e d an

’ m e ii an to cut m i ss im ei an q , ; g q

- S u b cl ass e s 4 , 5 .

T he e e f t s rbs in h r f 1 8 4 . pr t rite o he e v e t e oldest p e iod o the an ua e con a ned t he d t on s o w c be a e i o l g g t i iph h g , hi h c m

f h n n n u t r id i a in t e t e t . T a an ha b t s o nd i o (O ) i h c ry ti s o h a .

'

S . P . I . P NFIN PR ET . G.

ou fan to r u n l of il n l , l g ou fa hi o gi h ou w a n

s t é a n to u s h s t i o i s t é an g , p g g g

r i ot

— ha h f N on a er Ger man s t e r e er e orms i nt bi n and t i nf . Upp p t it l , ,

WE K B . A VE R B S

1 8 5 . T he weak e bs w c for the ost a t ar e v r , hi h m p r der at es are d ded n to ee asses a o d n a s the iv iv , ivi i thr cl cc r i g

n n t e en ds in - en o o de - an 7 5 11 Jan o i fi i iv (fr m l r j , , (fr m olde r T hr e e stem s ar e to be distingu ished in the conjugation of

weak e bs : the ste of the ese n t ete te and t he as v r m pr , pr ri , p t ar t e w ost a ees w t t at of the ete te p icipl , hich m ly gr i h h pr ri . GR A MMA R 7 9

N or a — T he infi nitive of Class I not unfr equently ends in ~ e u (i nstea d

- - o f e u es e c a in th e er Ge r man d a ec s . T he end n an w a s ) , p i lly Up p i l t i g

- n f n s d u e t o the an a logy o f th e infinitiv e endi g o str o g verb .

1 . F ir st We ak C onju g at i on .

r f n u at n a r e sub - d de d nt § 1 8 6 . T he ve b s o this co j g io ivi i o t wo cl a sses : (a ) those w hich had or iginally a shor t stem syllable ; (b) polysyllabic verbs a nd those which had a long

st e m syllable .

T — wh n c n a ns a l on ow e or d h hon N . A s a e is on e o O E yll bl l g it t i g v l ip t g , o r a short vow el follow ed by t w o consonants be longing t o the same

a h s t l ee s t e n st on e a s uest . s e us e . . a s yll bl , t g l , p , i , , g t , g

Cl a ss a .

F or m a t on of t h e P r e s e n t s t em . T he e sent § 1 8 7 . i pr s e f e a e n e e t in th and t m o these verbs b c m lo g ( xc p e 2 . m d 2 . e s. s . e a e b . er sons s . e s . nd . an 3 p g p r i ic , p r g i p r tiv ) y t he Wes an law o f the d oub n of Con sonant s t G erm ic li g ,

see T he had a read d sa e a ed in t ese e sons 8 0. j l y i pp r h p r be o e the e at on of s law for w r ea son t e a e f r Op r i thi , hich h y h v

s n e onsonants . T he er bs owe er e nd n in one of the i gl c v , h v , i g

affr ic atae z z t a f or ck och We st e an t ( ) , p , ( ) G rm ic j, pj, I a e e ten de d ese t rou out the e sent and to the d ), h v x th h gh pr

2 . . impe rative pe rs sg.

F ti n f h r t r i a n d s r or m a o o t e P e e t e P a t P a tic ip l e .

T he w au sed the doub n of the na on sonan s j , hich c li g fi l c t in the re sent ste s ne e e s e d in t he ete e or as p m , v r xi t pr rit p t a t e so t a ese ste s end in sin e conso nants T he p r icipl , h t th m gl .

re ter e has u sua the end n - i t a b ut er bs w ose rese nt p it lly i g , v , h p

' ste s e nd in one of the afi ricatae f 2 2 t a o r c k c c h m p , ( ) , ( )

' est e an t k a e the end n - t a in the W G rm ic p j, a, j) , h v i g 8 0 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

T preterite . hose whose present stems end in t t or 11 est e an d l so et es av e the one end n W G rm ic j, j) , m im h i g and s t e ome im s the other .

T he ast ar t e has t wo fo s the one al e d the nu p p icipl rm , c l

inflected the o e the n ected o T h ninfl d o , th r i fl f rm . e u ect e f rm

in - it T he n e t ed o nds i - h e nds . i fl c f rm e n it er when t e

ete t e ends in - it a and in - t er w en the ete e en s in p r ri , h pr rit d

- t a . See 1 4 8 .

h u 1 8 8 . T e on u at on of z el e n f ll c j g i l ,

t sa v e w se e as od s f r o e o t s a . , ill rv m l hi cl ss

P r en t es .

I NnI c . SUB ].

S n . z el l u n er i u i g I . ,

- - - - - 2 . 2 6 1 18 n or i s i s t z l és n e r i és , , e l , Jets t

u z el l - e m é s n er - e es z en- em n e r i - em Pl r. I . , i m ,

z ll n r i e et , e ét

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l n S n . 2 . z e e r i g i , i

z n- em es n er i - e es I e , m ;

. z l l t n er i et 2 e e ,

R ES. P PAR T ICIPLE .

8 2 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

2 r s w o e n m nd n a onsonan - ; ha e on one . Ve b h se p r se t ste s e i c t M v ly

in the r e er e a s w e n t e n to t u r n r e . w a n a . t p t it , , , p t t

1 9 0. T he u on u at on of s n oc h e n to seek w se v e f ll c j g i , , ill r a s a ode f r t s ass m l o hi cl .

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h ow .

s h n I . n oc

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— en oc em s - u I . h e e

2 . s n och et

o ch n t 3 . s u e

I M PER .

s u o ch 2 . i

s u oc h - e m - eu I . es ;

2 . s n och e t

R ; PR ES . PA T

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I NDI c.

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sn oh ti ; - i

2 . su oh t u t GR A MMA R

T he following Irregul ar

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for h t a

for a h t a h t e n ,

~k n to or k e , w

3 9 )

s al b On

s al b On

PR ES . PA R T .

eal b fi n t i .

P r eter ite .

s al b Oti ; - i like sn oh ti ] 8 4 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

— h b . N T E T h . s nd d m r a he wh of t e s u e . r e . c a n e . nd t o e O I pl p i i . i p l j h l n r resen a e a so on er for ms s a b Oé su . s a l b Oe &c. in the e p t v l l g , bj , , Upp Ger man d a ec s i l t .

W i u . 3 . T h ir d e ak Conj ga t on

19 3 . P r esent .

S B . I NnI c . u j

- S n . . a em eu I ha v e h a e i g I b b ; , b

2 h a es t h a e . b ( ) b s (t)

3 . h a bet h a be

- u . . h a en b a em eu Pl r I b b ,

2 . h a bet h a bet

3 . h ab é n t h ab é n I M I . PER . NE I N

S n 2 . h a e h a b én i g . b

’ G ER UND.

m n nn u . h a b é é h a en . h bé es Pl r I . s ; b Ge a

h a et D h b nn e 2 . b at a e

h a b én ti .

S UB ].

- S n . h ab t a b i i g I . e a bet i ; like su oh t a ] like su oh ti ]

AST AR T . ih ab et P P g .

— N T . I on er forms occur h ab u h a b ée as in t h O E . L g , ée , , e n u a on co j g ti .

‘

2 . F orms ke h eb i s h eb i t ae s s a h e b it a s e i t a are li , ; g i , g it ; , g ,

86 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R '

N T E — om f r m h S e s f s er ur na w hou . o o oc c occas o 0 e . O t i v b i lly it t , g

T a a n s al s o a c . t he N H G . fo r m s a nd OE s c e al es de M od ti , lt , p . , b i .

N or her n E n d a . s al t gl . i l .

- 1 9 9 . l t V . A b au s er i e s .

m a I n . ma ca 2 . m l s h t . m a u n m a u u n sub . g , y , , g , p g ( g ) , j

m e m u r e . m a h t a m oh t a inf. a a n m n an g i ( g i), p t ( ), m g ( g ), r m a n t m n a n i e s a t . a t . pr . p g i ( g )

l - V I . A b au t s e r i e s .

2 . m n I ma must 2 s l 00 o . . m u o s t . m n n o u sub . q, y , , g , p q , j

m u o i t m u s infin and n e . o a . es . a t . wa nti q , pr , pr p r g .

I N - B . VE R B S M I f h T he 1 e s s . nd t I ndo 2 01 . . . es . o e p r g pr i ics

- - h k G erman ic verb ended e ithe r in 6 or in mi (cp . t e Gree

e bs in - oi and 5 4 ke ( é w and ne T o the v e bs v r 1 , li b p w , r in - 6 belong all the regu la r G ermanic ver bs ; of the verbs in - m i only scanty remains have been p reserved ; they ar e

h t h . s r s n n s . e . d . disti guished by t e fact tha t e I . pe r g p i ic

- - i i n n th n t n u . ends in m which became n OH G . e i n h ce t ry

h o w n H G e bs H ere b e long t e f llo i g O . v r

2 2 1 . T h e S u b s t an t iv e er b . § 0 . V

P r esen t .

I NnI c.

S n b i m b in i g. I . ,

2 s t b i s . bi ,

l e 3 . t m u . . r u ir u n Pl r I bi , b

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s n t 3 . i

othe r form s ar e supplied w es a n GR A MMA R 8 7

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. l nf. u i e 2 . s v vi s . w ees t i w e aa es . a t . w e s an t imp r , g. , p , , pr p r ,

w 2 . l et . I . . s . a s s w ar W ar u n . pr , 3 g , g . i , p .

- N T . I . T h su . r s nd nd s i s t l s n w ere e e . a the e . . . O E bj p i i . 3 g , 3 p . i t for med from t he r oot e s T he for ms w ith b p r obably a r ose fr om a co n t aminat ion of h r o os h t h oo h e = L a t fu T he t e o t wit e r t b n ( . * "‘ * * r u a f r m w d h m s i r n t e r o s ou a e een i i ir u m . g l l v b , , f m H 2 . T h e in for s i n w a s an C G . new form a on . . ti

h e e r t u n t do. § 2 03 . 2 . T V b o , o

OLDEST

I F R CA T M . T A A NDI IVE O T I N .

S n . t om u i g. I t on

2 . t Os t u os t t h s ( ), i t 6 t 3 . t u ot

ur . . t Omes t n om é s t u on Pl I ,

2 . t Ot t u ot

t On d u a n t 3 . t t u on t

SuB jUNCT I VE

S n . . . t 6 t u oa t u e d u e i g I 3 , )

2 . t é s d u e s t

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. t Om Plur I . es

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I n n NFIN. tO t u o

D A t On n e d u a nn e . GE R T . .

PAR T ICIPLE t 6 n ti t u on t i

T he preterite of t uon is infl ected like a verb of t he 8 8 OL D H I GH GE R MA N P R I ME R

- ab aut se e h . an s edu a on s e e t t at t e d . . a e l ri , xc p h I 3 g h v r plic ti ,

et a T h o a e t . e f rm s r

I n S n I . t 2 t at d c . . t a . . i i g . , 3 é , i

- ur t at u m nu t at u t t at nn . Pl . , , ,

. 2 t &c. Sub . S n l . t ati t at is j i g . , 3 , . ( ),

Pa st Pa rticiple g it an .

T h e er b s en en to o an d st an st é n to sta nd . 3 . V g (g ), g , ( ) ,

4 T he st on er bs a n a n 18 3 a nd s t a n t a u § 2 0 . r g v g g )

w e u a o e reter e s a n s t u on t hich r g l rly f rm th ir p it g i g , ,

e be s de t ese s or t esent or s hav i h h p r f m .

T he Alemanic d a e t has the or s an s t an w e t he i l c f m g , , hil Bavar ian and the F ranconian dialects ha ve mostly the form s

n gen , s t e .

T he u o n u at on of ai n en w se e fo r § 2 05 . f ll c j g i g (g ) ill rv b both ve r s . I T . S NDICA IVE UBJUNCT IVE .

m n m S n . . a a e en é i g I g , g ; g , g g

2 as t es t s . g ( ) ; g ( ) g e (t ) at 3 . g ; g et g é

u . am es ri n em es en Pl r. I g g g , g

2 . g at ; g et get

3 . gan t ; g en t I I T V . MPER A T IVE . NFINI I E

n 2 . a n an en Si g . g g ] g g

GER UND . m e en m es e s n . ann u . . a Ge e s Pl r I g ; g , g g

2 at et Dat . n n . g g g a e

PR ES. PAR T ICIPLE . an t en g i ; g t i .

— d i fr i e s i 2 n i n Ot d s s . N T E T he . s . c . s t e t and h s O g i i g i t , , t e 3 . g m s t a o tly ge i , t a it .

9 0 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

CH APT E R XI I I

S Y N T A !

C a s e s .

h sam 2 0 . A c cu s i v e T he a cusa e has mu t e e § 7 a t . c tiv ch

un on as in N H G T he v e bs ah t e n l o r s cut b e i t on f cti . r , pe e e, ,

10 w a ll r b i éh a n to con ess c os on to l em I o e n the fi , g , f , t , p , g v r

en t v e or acc usa e g i i tiv .

' 2 0 e t iv e h er h an o c r ess c or on l o 8 . G ni T e s é l o . v b g , y , ,

l a ste s u or én to l a ke l/z ou lz l or fu r l o u n en to den ake the , g , g f , g , y , t en v e T he e n e is some mes use a er a as g iti . g itiv ti d dv bi lly, a l e e s n al l e s u i a l l e s no! a t a ll t a- e s b d l , el e, ), , g , y ay , ’ h eim w a r t e s nonz ewar as n iu w e s r c nt &c. , , , e e ly ,

T he e r flu oh h b n to s ea k ev i o 2 09 . D a t i v e . s § v b , p l f;

‘ fol en to o ow h élfa n to hel t h i on cm l o ser v e ake the g , f ll , , p , , , t

dative .

A dje c t iv e s .

2 1 T he weak and sr on or m are u e in mu the 0. t g f s s d ch

m m nne r a in o er n Ge rman sa e a s M d High . T he c ompar ative and super lative degree s of adjectives and the or n a nume r a s e x e a n d e r second o ow the di l l ! c pt , ] f ll

ak e ens on as ér w a r d al t er o lz e &eca nz e o d r ér m i r we d cl i , , l e ;

s as dear est l o me ér i s t fur i at o I n is llz e l iob os t o w a , he w ; ,

e e ma be u e as noun wit ou the ar c e as Adjctiv s y s d s h t ti l ,

s n él i n d i k u on i t h a u u as i m o ek u n ni uickness a nd , q g , q

oldness w er e inbor n in film b l in t a i s éh en t h al z e an en t b ; g , g g ,

lz e blind see tlz e a me w a lk. l , l

W n he ame a e e re ers bo t mas and fem . he t s djctiv f th o c . GRAMMAR 9 ;

e n ut in the neu ura as s i u u u ar u n r e h t i u b i gs, it is p t. pl l ,

b e id u for a ot e {be w r bot/z r l eous be or e God . g , } e e n f

a r na numer a s om oun e of - z u deca de as fi or z u C di l l c p d d g , , g ,

or ! as we as h u n t bun dr ed and d usun t l bousa nd a re f ll , , , ,

use a s nouns and o er n the en e ase. fil u nz ucb a so d g v g itiv c , , l ak th t t es e ge ni ive . T he uninflect e d orm of the a e e w en use attr ibu f djctiv , h d

l e or r edicativ el occur s e e the nfle c e or m in the iv ly p y, b sid i t d f

m f l n r s nd in the n n u r no . s n o al e e a ace s . e e us i g. g d , . i g t , th

b li n t m a n es e b li n t er m an blind ma n b l in t fr ou w a b id , ;

' e s e b l i n t i u fr ou w a blz nd w oma n b li n t k i n d es e b id , ; b id

' ' b lin t a k in d bl z nd clz z ld a l t w a s s iu ar o siz e w a s old in q , j ,

I n the nom ura all en ers the uninflected orm o ur s . pl l , g d , f cc beside the inflecte d form when the adjective is u sed p redica

tiv el u di e m a n sin t b l in t or b li n t e tbc men a r e blind y th s ,

w i r b i r u n fr o w e a e ul , r joyf .

- NOT E T he nom s . unin flected or m of the ad i is a r emnant . . g f ject ve

bf t he t ime w en the ad ecti es h ad t he s a me endin s as t he n ou ns c . h j v g , p l w r n om . s . w o f w o w or t o d ér a bonou r is ro er the a ce . orm g l , f , , ; , , p p ly f , “1 the r e u ar nom . or m wou d be ér se e 5 2 . g l f l , 5 7

P r on oun s .

r n m me m 2 11. Per ona o ouns we re so e t o e as s l p i s itt d ,

r i c hi s t t h a n i s c a l t tkon s ea kest wil a l tbou ou lz l esl nol s p , n , p g

fa r am és let us o u u a r d t h o then it ba ened m i h , g ; , pp ;

h ir i t I a n: bun . u n g , g ry

T he r e a e ronoun was ener a ex re e b d ér d a l tiv p g lly p ss d y , q,

d iu w owe er ou be om t e as fan t u n e in a u m an , hich h v c ld i t d , ,

m i n am on Sim eon hi e lb ou nd a ma n wbo w as called t q, ey f

d ér and ér were some me u e eona t a as t h i s ti s s d pl s ic lly , 9 2 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER m or a n l i h h h g o t a g t er b i su or g ét s ih sél b o , llz e mor r ow sba ll

' ' l a ke lbou bl or l/z e Ibz n s z l sel L az ar u s ér w as i r o e in g f g of f ; l L a z a r us as o e e w n (y Ilz m.

Ver b s .

2 12 . T en s e s T he u ure s m e was ene ra ex re s e . f t i pl g lly p s d

’ b the re sen a s in OE as n em n is t h i l ein a n n a m on y p t ,

' J6 h a n n e m l /z ou sba ll ca ll lz z s na me olz n , j .

T he r e te r e had r a re a er ec meanin v o the p it ly p f t . B th p e rfe ct and plup erfect were ex pr e sse d by the pa st p ar ticiple and on e of t he aux ar e r s h a b en e i an w és an a s ér ili y v b , g , , h a b e u n s i z e i ot be bat/z s lz ow n u nto us t h a s i u t i r t g g , ; n g

ih or i t l ba l ba v e e bea r d ih b im al t in t i m in u én a g , y ; , q ‘ fr a m i s t gi g a n g a n in ir a t ag un the Latin ego enim sum sene x e t u x or mea rocessit in diebus su s , p i

I n the o e s m numen s the ass was 2 . V i e o e § 13 o c . ld t t p iv exp resse d by the past p ar ticipl e and one of th e aux iliary ver bs w ésa n w er d a u w ou an n t on in mean n us i s t , ith t y disti c i i g, th gi n om an or w i r d i t g in om a n is ta ken ; w as gi n om an or w ar d gi n om an w a s ta ken . Fr om the nin th centu ry onwar d a distin ction be gan to be made in su ch a way that w er d au c ame to be u se d for the

m er e ense s and w és an for the er e ense s us w i r di t i p f ct t , p f ct t ; th g in om an is ta ken ; i s t g in om a n bas been taken ; w ar d

k r in m a d k g in om an w as ta en ; w a g o an lz been l a en .

94 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

I — 3 I . uke . 2 . . L i 5 5

n e 2 . U as in tagu n Her odes the s cu n inges judeno sum r biscof namen Zachar ia s fon t he mo uu ehsale Abiases inti 1 5

‘ quena imo fon A ar ones t ohte ru n i nti ir a n amo u uas e i sa . Siu uu aru n r ehtiu e u or a o e an ent Eli b th b id f g t , g g in a en bibotu n n in ot es r ehtfestin ii an as ar n ll i ti g qg l t , i ti ui uu ar d in sun bithiu u uanta E sa e u u as u nberen ti , li b th

h mit 2 0 n e u ram i ien u n in ir o a un . Uuar d t o i ti b id f g g g t g , thiu her in biscofheite gior dinot uu as in antr eitu sine s uu ehsale s or a o e a ter iu uonu e s biscofheites in f g t , f g th

o e r am ien tha her uuihr ouh ran i in an enti in l gg f g g, g b t g g . otes e m a n al u mon i uu as es o ke li e g t p l, i ti thi ig th f l s eg ,

u ta imo - 2 betonti in them z iti thes r ouhennes . Ara g sih 5

ote s s u ll sta ntenti in z eso e s a ares er o uuihrouh g g , th lt th

n r u u i ru obit tha br u nsti. Tha an t ho Zach a ias ar d g t z,

h nti n rh fi l ar nan u a tho z i imo se e o ta ana e u . , i ti f b i Q d ‘ er en il : ui forhti thu t r a ar as uuan ta ihor it th g hi , Z ch i , g

‘ ist t in e n in u ena E l sabeth ibir it r sun 0 h gib t, i ti th q y g thi , 3

nt nemnis thu sinan nam n hann m I n her ist r i i o Jo e . ti thi

ifeho n blidida n man a e in siner o ibu rt i mendent . g i ti , i ti g g

' H er ist u uarlihho mihhil fora truhti ne inti uuin noh lid u i t rinkit i nti heilages geiste s uuirdit gifullit fon hinan fon r e e in r o muoter n mana e sr aheles ar no iuuerbit v s c , i ti g I b g 3 5 z i truhtine e ir o I n h f r r nan in s e n got . ti er e it fo a i gei t i ti ' in me ine H eliases t he he r iuuen te herz un fater o in g , ; g k n n u n iloubfolle z i uui u me r eht ro aru uen i d , i ti g st o e , g ’ t ruhti ne thuruhthi an f l g o c . I nti quad Zachar i as z i themo engile u uanan uuei; ih 4 0

a i bim alt n min u na r am i i an a n in ira th g ih , i ti q e f st g g g ’ a h n lin ‘ t gun . T o a t gonti thie engil quad imo : ih bim Gabr e e a stantu ora o e n bin isentit z i r i l, thi g f g t , i ti g thi TA TIAN 95

‘ ui is it sui énti n ui thisn thir sagen . I nti nil u r d t th g i ti ma s r ehhan u nz an en t a in the mo sn uuerden t ht p th g, thi , 4 5 bithiu uuanta thii u i iloubtus mine n uuortun thin that g , ’ ifultu uuerdent n ir z it I nt u uas t a fol c beitonti g i o i . i h n

Z achariam n v v untorotun a her la éta in em o . , i ti th n nn t pl

H er fi an en ti ui mo a s r hhan z i in n for stuontun ng g ht p e , i ti a her isiht isah in em o he r a bouhnenti in ° th n g g t pl , th n 5

' ' thuruhuu néta s um I n ifult e uur du n tho a a sine o t . ti g t g s

‘ ambahte s en in si n hti s a ter thén a on intfien , gi g ; f t g g E sa e sin uena nt tou ilta sih fimf mana a ue li b th q i i g d , q

e n : u uan ta sus e a mir tr ohtin in a on in en her d ti t t t g , th

' ’ i uu n n t u ui un ar m nn n g scou ota arfir ran mi a i i n t a o .

— . I I I uke . 2 6 6 . 4 . L i 5

n m m d i n uu n i 3 . I t he o sehsten anu e g se tit ard e g l

Ga r e fon o e ' in e u r Galileae er o namo b i l g t thi b g , th ist

az ar e z i thior nun imahalter o ommanne the mo N th , g g ,

namo uuas ose fon . hfi se a es n namo er o J ph , D vid , i ti th

i r n n i il z a 6 th o nun Maria . I nti inga ge t the r e ng i ir u qu d : 0

‘ ‘ e uuis ir ebono fol lu l truhtin mit r ise enot h il th g thi , g g

‘ ’ sis ir in uuibun T ho siu u isah uuas itruobit in th . thi g , g in m u h ht uu lih uua a u u s e o uor te n t a a e r l u ola eti. i ti , th n q ‘ ua iru er en il : ni forhti r ar a ir un Q d th g thi , M i , th f di

‘ u i mit o e sénomx in hahis in r e e n ibir is su n 6 h ld g t , p v i ti g 5 n inemnis si nan nam n H eilant er ist mihhil n i ti g o . Th i ti

e o en sun ist in emnit n ibit imo truhtin e a th s h ist g , i ti g s d l a e s si ne s a er n rihhisot in hit se acobe s z i éuuidu D vid f t , i ti J , ’ n sine rihhes n s en ua tho a r a z i them i ti s i t ti . Q d M i o en ile v v u o ma a sin ? uuanta ommannes uui s o g g th n ih g y .

" ' ‘ ni bin . A ntlin ota tho er e n il ua iru e heila o g th g , q d : thi g e uimit u bar thih n i i g ist q , i ti thes h6 h sten megin biscatu t 9 6 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRI MER

thih bithiu a ar iboran uu ir dit be a a uu irdit , th n th g il g, th n

inemnit o e a Sénonu sa e in ma n siu g g t s b rn . Eli b th th gi inphieng sun in ir a alttuome i nti thi z ist thie se hsto 75

' manod ther u u ar inemnit ist u nb r ent a : bithiu , thi th g e ’ u nt n mi t io iuuel ih uuort T ho u a ua a n ist u odi t go e g . q d

‘ ' ar a se nontt ote s t u nus se mir a er thinemo M i : g hi , ft ’ uu r t I n ar fuor tho fon iru er n il . o e . ti th e g

Arstantenti ar a in thén a on en in ibir u so 4 . M i t g gi g g g mit i u n u in udeno u r in ien tho in hfi s Z achariase s l g j b g, g g

heiliz i sa Uuard th o siu ihor ta be e n ta e . o s i ti Eli b th , g ili

z un a ar on a e ifah a k n in ir a r e e . g M i Elis b th, g th n i d v

Uuar d tho ifullit heila e s e s e E sa e ar r iof mih. g g g i t s li b th , hil r st mnu n ua ise enot sis ir un ar uuibu n 8 e o e i ti q d g g th t , 5

n ise enot si e u uahsmo t hiner o uuamba n i ti g g thi , i ti u uanan mir a ueme mine tr uhtines muot er z i mir ? , th n q s

‘ Sononti so sliumo so thiu st emna uu ar d thi ne s heiliz innes in mi ne n oru n ifah in ifehe n k n in m ne mo r e e , g g i d i v ,

' ' n sali u u that iloubt a uuant a u uuer dent ifre a 0 i ti g thi g , thi g 9 ’ m u u r i u n f ruh in h a et a v v u rdun iru on t t e . T o it , thi th g q ua ar a mihhiloso mi n séla t ruhti n n ifah mi n q d M i ; , i ti g e s in o e minemo heilant e bit hiu uuant a her is g i t g t , g

’ c ouu ot a odmuoti sin r o nn sonomi fon u sali a mih c thi i , thi g uedent a u cunnu bithiu uuant a mir e a mihhilu t e q ll , t t hi 95

hei r mahti ist n be a sin nam o n sin milt ida in unnu t g , i ti il g i ti c n m i n in cu nu nan forht ant on . e a a in s nemo arme i ti i T t ht , z is r eitt a u barhuhti e muot e sines er z en n idar isaz t a p g h , g mahti e fon sedale n ar huob odm u oti e hun erent e i g i ti g , g g fult a u ot o n o a e forlie i a e I n hien I sr ahel inan t oo g i ti t g n t l . p g s kneht z i imunti onne sin ro milt idu soher s r ah ai un on g g c , p s ’ ' - fat erun Abrahame n sin m sam n i uu r lti. U u né , i ti e o e x e o o ta

ar mi iru nah hri man d r M i a t t o a inti uuarb z i i a hit s .

98 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

T hii kneht uui a o es hohisten bis thii inemnit or a n g th g , f feri s uuarlihho fora tr uhti ne s annu z z i z i garuuenne sinan uue z i ebanne uuistu om e i sinemo o ke in for la g, g h il f l n ne ss ir o su ntono thu ru h innuov ilu miltida u nsares otes i g , in t hén uuisota un sih fi f an fon hohi inliuhten on e g g , th thi t a r n fi nstarn essin n in scit uen o es siz z e nt z i r h i i ti t d , gi ib

enne un er fuo i in unc s a — e r kne ht v v u ohs t s a nn g ibb . Th i no i nti uu ar d gistr e ngisot ge iste i nti uuas in v v u ost innu u nz an en t a in r o ar ou nessi z i I sr ahel th g s c g .

- 6 V . uk 11 1 e . . L . 7

1 1 . Uu ar d tho an in thou a u n fr am uam ibot 5 , git t g , q g “ fon oemo aluualt en keisur e a ibriev it v v ur di al ese , th n g th umbiuuerf a iscr ib orist en uuard an in S r iu 1 t . Th n g in git y 4 5 fon oemo ra en r ne n fuor un a e a biiahin g v Cy i , i ti ll , th n

hi n i i u i n i u r F u r tho ose f n t o ost og u el h i s ner o b gi . o J ph o Galileu fon ther o bur gi thiu hie n Naz ar e th in Ju de no lant

nt in a es ur u uua s inemnit et eem bithiu i i D vid b g, thi g B hl ,

‘ u uanta her uua f n ti se n f n hiuuiske a es a 1 0 s o b i ti o D vid , th n 5 her giiahi saman mit Mar ion imo gimah alt er o gim ahhfi n

' ‘ n v oun a a iful e so scafi aneru . T ho sie ar uuar u v ur t th , t g g ,

a siu ar n ar ir a sun e ristbor anon n h nnan th n b i, i ti gib i ti i t

n an mit tu ochu m n ile ita n a n in cri ea bit hiu i i ti g g i pp , u uant a im ui u u n er a in themo asthfi se as a d st t g .

— 7 . VI . L uke 11. 8 2 0.

‘ u u n e r an skefii uahha n n 6 . U ar n tho hirta i th o l t u te i t i

i uam ar a bihaltante nahtuuahta u bar er o euu t . Q th gotes e ngil i nti gistu ont nah in inti go tes ber ahtne ssi bischein ‘ sie ifor htun sie im tho in mihhiler o for htu . I n u a , g ti q d ' 99

im er en il : ni ure iu forhten sa én iu mihhilan x c th g c t , ih g 6

ifehon er ist allemo o ke bithiu uuanta ibor an ist g , th f l , g iu hiutu H il i r u ti in r e ant er st r s t h n a e s u . , th Ch i t D vid b gi

a si iu z i z eichane a ir findet k n mit t uochum Th n , th n i d biv v untan an i nti gilegitan in T ho sliumo uuar d t har mit t hemo e ngile menigi himilische s h er es got 1 65 ‘ ’ lobontiu in ti quedent iu : T iurida si in t hén hohist om

‘ ’ o n in er u si s a mannu n uot e s uuill n u e e . U a r g t , i ti d ibb g d t ho a a rfuoru n fon in e en ila in bimll tho s r i chu n th n thi g , p ‘ t e r a u n ar in z uis e n : far amés z i et eem n hi hi t t g B hl , i ti

' isehemos a uuort a thei r an ist a t r uhtin u ns 1 0 g th n , th n git th n 7 ’ a rau t a I n u amun tho ilente n fundun g . ti q i ti M arion

n seb n n k n il it a in cr i a Si h i ti Jo e i ti than i d g eg n pp e . e t o “ isehent e for st uontu n fon oemo u uor te a im i u et an g , th n g q

‘ uuas fon oem o k n e n a e a ihor t un uuarun i d , i ti ll thi th n g

‘ than v v unt or onte in ti fon oém thiu giquet anu v v u r dun z i 1 75

‘ im fom oém r n ar a uuar lihho ihie l t a u sn hi ti . M i g ll thi

V v u rbu h uuor t ahtonti in ir a her z en . n t o thie hir ta heimuuart e s diu r ente in ti got lobont e in allom thorn thiu si ih r un i u n o z i im i r h n uu e o t n sah s so s oc a as . g i ti g , g p

— 8 VI I . o n . 2 . . LXXX J h iv 4 4

il amf n an ar an thuruh Sam a r iam . I n u am 1 8 8 7 . G i v ti q 0 tho in u r Samar iae u dar ist i uet an ar nah b g thi g q Sych ,

in m un nas uodile den dar gab Jacob Josebe s e o s e . U r Der he ilant nuas iuu ei it fon er o da b ru nno Jacobes . g g d uue ev er ti sa so oba themo r unnen uua s tho z it n ah g , n b ,

' h u h uni f n ama r n s efi en uua ar se ta . am o o c 1 8 s Q t b S i nn . 5 ’ m r nk n ine iun T ho qu a d ir u der heilant : gib i tri a . S

or on ien un in u r a sie muos couftin . T ho g g g b g, th n ‘ quad imo uuib than samaritanisga : uueo thir mit thiu H z t oo OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

udeis t r inkan fon mir s mit u bin uni sa J g bis biti , thi b ’ maritanis n n u rit ani T ho 1 0 g ? ui eba br fi che t J dei Sama s . 9 antlingita ther heilan t in ti quad iru : oba thil uue ssis otes e a n uu er ist tho dir u idit : mir trinkan g g b , i ti q gibi ,

‘ i odouu an otis fon im o t a h e? dir a lebénti th l b , h n g bi ’ ‘ uu T h r r h no ni a ar . o ua imo a uuib : hé o t ii nn q d th n ,

a es mit hiu sc fé n t u fuz z e t e f ist uuan an a os h b e s i ti hi o , h b l ebonti uuannar ? E no thil bistfi me r a unsar emo fater

a o e t ho dar ab uns d en huz i her t ranc fon imo J c b , g p , i nti sina sun i in ti sin fihu T ho ant uu r tanti t her heilant in ti qu a d ir u : giuuelih de dar tr inkit fon uua ar e t hesemo t hu r stit nan a ur de z oo nn , i b , dar t rinkit fon thesemo uu a ar e a u ni thu rstit nn th n ih gib , z i ouuidu ouh uua ar a imo u ist in imo , nn , th n ih gib , ’ T ho ua b runno uuannar es fi fsp ringanti in Ennin lib . q d

z i imo a uuib : or r o mir a uua ar a mih . th n h , gib th n nn , th n ’ r n h i u m r h T ho u a iru z o u i thu ste o n q e e he a scep en . q d s ‘ ’ der h ilan v r nt a im n u m e t a i i h lo th au gomman i ti q i . ’ A ntuu n u - rta t i dan unib inti q ad : ui habu gomman . T ho ua iru der heilant uno a ua a tho ni q d l q di, th n

‘ habés gomman ; tho habétos finfgomman inti den thir nti ’ babes n s din mman t a u d uuar ua o o a o . T ho z r , i t g , h n q di q d ‘ ' imo a uuib : erro isihu d a thii uui o o s th n h , ih , g n n g bi t . Unsar a a era in thesemo er e betotun n ir uedent f t b g , i ti q , ’ uuanta in H i rusalem ist s a dar ilim hit z i b tt n n e t t g p e o e . T ho ua ir u der heilan u i il u i mir uu . t : n o b anta q d b, g , h uim t z it anna noh in . t esemo er n oh in H ierus q i , d b ge . o limis betot ir a er . I r be ttot da ir ni uu i unt uuir f t n nn , bet omos da nu r uui ume s uuan i f n - . ta e o udeis ist n i nn , h il j . Quh uimi z it n nii ist ann uu q t i ti , d a thie aron beter e

e on den a er in e e n in nuare uuanta der a er b t t f t , g ist i ti , f t

1 02 OL D HIGH GERMA N PRIMER

i ‘ nuonat . I nti uuonat a dar z uuén a taga; i nti michilu menigiron giloubtun thur uh si n uuor t i nt i themo uuibe ‘ quadun : bidiu uu ir iii nall e s thu ruh di na sp ri cha gilou bemes uu ir selbon ihor tome s nti u ui ume s uuanta ; g i nn , ’ Z l u h il n mittil ar s ua ra thesor ist e a t g te .

— I uke ix . 1 . 9 . CXXXV . L 5 5 4

1 6 . Uuard tho mit u ifullite u uarun a a siner u 3 , thi g t g nun fti n her si n annuci fe stinota a her u or z i , i ti , th n f i

H ie rusale m san a o on ur sih n far enti ie n un in , t b t f i ; i ti g g

ur ero amar ano a sia imo arauuiti n. I nt sie b g th S it , th n g i nintfien un nan u ua nta sin annuci uuas fa r e nti g i , ci

‘ i l m T ho a isahu n sine iu n iron a o us H er usa e . th n g g J c b ‘ n n ua un t r ohtin nu tho a un r o an es d . i ti J h , q , il , th n i quedémés th an fiur n idar stige fon himile inti forbr enne sie H er t ho ci in giuuen tit increbota sie in ti giengun ur in ande r a b g .

1 I I . 0. CXXXV

1 er h ilant e r eh a on ostr on uam 1 3 7 . Th e s s t g q ci

B ethaniu ar da u nas az aru s tot en dar e ruuacta , th L , th 2 i diu her uuas in e an a in ase t her he lant . Mit B th i b 3 mone s t e hor n ibr uoder forstuont m meni i fon Si h s g , ihil g n thén Judein than he r thar ist i nti quamun nalles thur ah 2 70

‘ e n heilant eckrodo oh a sie L az arusan isahi n e n th , th n g th ' ris i uathun i in her er uuacta fon tode . Thie Pha e q c selbon : gisehet ir th an uuir niouuiht u i dihe més ; somuno ’ l hi iu r al f rit a ter im T hahtun e hor o ton a t s uue t e f o. thi s

ero heitha fton a sie L az arusa n er sluo in uuanta z th , th n g , y5

3 ii 0 o n xii I . M a rk x iv o n x . xix . 1 xi J h . . 3 . J h 9, , . TA TIAN 1 03 manage thurah inan erfuoron fon th e n Judaein i nti il u n il n a un im hat a andmu s g o btu in th en he a t . T t o t b o

n t ar a ambahtita az aru uuas ein ero t e mit i i M th , L s th hi im a un o s n .

l l I I I . CXXXV .

1 2 1 ar a habonti salbfa salbfi n f n nar thu tana 2 80 3 8 . M i n o gi 3 diura inti gibr ohane mo gon ubar si n houbit linénte s ‘ nt salbota si ne uo n suar b mit ir a o on nt a i i f ni i ti l c , i i th n has uu s ifulli f n them nk r a salbiin T ho a g t o o sta e the .

ua e in fon sine u iun ir on u as Scar ioth t er nan q d g , J d , h i

‘ ' uuas selenti : bibin ui uuirdit thiu salba for coufit u uidar 2 85 thr iuhunt pfen nigon inti gigeban thur ftigon i’ Than qua d her na e s fon t on ar mon u i ilamf imo oh bithiu , ll h g ci , uuan ta her thiob nua s i nti sehhil habénti thiu thei r 5 i u i U uaru n sume u nuuer dliho g sentidiu uarun tr uog s n. ‘ t rage nti untar in selbon inti qu e de nti : z iu ist for lust 2 90 ’ 6 therra salbfi n gi tan ? Uu inne nti tha n t her heilant quad in z iu birut ir hefige themo uuibe ? gnot u uerc uuir kit 7 siu in mir I r habot simbulun thur fti on mit d . n . g i , i ti th amu s ir uuollét mu gu t in uu ola tuon ; mih ui habét ir ° n i u th s al n in minan i a simbulun . Se tenti th si e a s bfi l h 2 95

‘ mon e a mih bi r abanne . nar u idih iu so uuar t t ci g U q ,

i r e di t uuir i n u i lleru uu er lti ist g p go d t thiz e va ge li m n a a , ’ i ueta n nt a thisiu a in ir imu nt g q i i th n tet a g . “ Than gisehenti thie Far iseu s thien thara ladota qu ad ‘ sus in imo selbemo : oba the sér unar uui a o her 00 i n g , 3 uuessi iuuesso uuiolih n uu elih uni a uu as u in g i ti b th n , thi

3 3 - n x hn x i 6 . o i . M r v M a t o i . k xi . . t. i. . J h i. 3 a 3 xxv 7 J 3 5 M a rk xi v . . M rk a i . 1 2 1 : att . i I O M a xiv M tt 4 xxv . . . 7 . . xxv , 3 L uke v ii — 0 . 39 5 . 1 04 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

’ lin i a er heilant nan ru r i u uan iu unti . nt t i o t ; ta s s g ist A g th , ’ u a imo : mon habon r sihuua c i uedanne . q d ci Si , ih thi n q H er ua t ho : meist ar u l Zu one sculdi on uuarun q d , q id g sihuuelihem inliher e ein so a finf u n fe nnin o an er 0 o lt h t p g , d 3 5

' so ta finfz u : in tho ui habont n uuanan sie ultin tho l g e g , forga b her giuueder emo Uuedaran mi nnota her mot ‘ T ho antlingita S imon i n ti quad : ih uuaniu than ther ’ ‘ e u im tho r e themo her mora for gab . H r q ad o bto ’ m iuu nt h m un ua : m n 1 0 duo tos . I n a t e o e o ti g ci ib q d Si , 3

isihist-tii z uni i I n en in i it s uua ar ui g thi b gi g ih th n h , nn

' gabi thit minon fuonon ; thisiu abur mit ir a z aharin lacta nt mi ir fah u u us mir ui a t hisiu fon i i t a s s ar b . C g bi ; u i u o n t hes si lngieng ni bil an siu cu ssan m ne f oni . Mit li

‘ min h oubit ui salbotostii ; thisiu mit salbti n salbota mine 3 1 5

u i T hu r h ui ih r n iru f rla ano f onn. a th an q d thi : si t o n m na un a uu l T he mo min a o s ant siu inn t fi u . g t , a m o a ’ uuirdit forla an min minnot T ho u a her z i iru : n , . q d ’ forla an n r un ho i ndun e dor ama n n o si t thi s ta. T b go thi s

' sa u n ue an nan in : ‘uuer theser e dar u n a nn q d i ist , thi s t ‘ for lanit ? T ho quad he r ci themo unibe thin giloubo ’ e a thih e a far in u T hesén i uetanen en t t h il , sibb . g q gi g sti enti z i H ier u g sal e m .

I — 1 . o n x u . 2 0 6 2 CXXX X . J h 3 .

1 Uuar un h id n um f n en 3 9 . e a e s e o th thie dar s tigun

a sie betotin in them itmal n a e e ien n 2 th n o e t g . Thi g gu ci 3 5 P e er uuas fon B ethsaidu Gal eas n atu n hilipp , th il , i ti b ‘ n an sus uedenti : hér ro uuir uuollemés en i i q , th he lant ’

au. T ho uam P us n ua An r e gisch q hilipp i ti q d d as , n rea abur n P u uadun them i A d s i ti hilipp s q o he lante .

M at t 1 . . xx . 7

1 06 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

‘ heilant in the mo thinchtxs isama notun z i imo a a a , g ll thi 1 2 ansa n nan intuu atenti iuuatitun nan mit o o h , i ti i g i g t ' 3 6 uuebbi neru tfinihtm in ti r ot l abban u mbibigabun inan . 3 0 I nti flehtenti cor ona fon thor non saz tun u bar sin hou bit

n r o r a m sina z e sau un n ibo anemo kneuue ora imo i ti , i ti g g f bismarotun i nan sus quedenti : heil enning Judeono I nti

nan s iuu nti intfi n r m n lu u n in h ubit I n i p e e gun or i i ti s og s o . ti ‘ a e r t u bismar otun nan intuuatit un nan lahhanes n 6 ft hi i , i i ti 3 5 l‘ gotouuebbes inti giuuatitu n inan sinén giuuatin inti leittu n “ 7 nan a I nan i th n sien hiengin t r agentan imo orfici. 8 ’ intuuatenti fu ndu n man Cir eneum uemen tan fon thorf q , ‘° 11 in name n mon e ate r ex an r es n R u fu se s en Si hi n , f Al d i ti , th ‘2 t huun un sie da her tr uo i cr fi i a ter them heilante 0 g n g c f o . 37

2 0 1 F ol ota nan m me ni i o kes n u uibo e . g i ihil g f l i ti , thi

dar r u u n n uuiofun nan T ho uuanta sih z i in er nn i ti i . th ‘ heilant u a : k n H ieru salem u i u ri v v u ofe n u ar , q d i d , c t b

mih h u ar iuuu ih selbo n v v u f t n u a r u uu ru k n o o e i e . , b i ti b i d Uu anta nii coment taga in t héndir quede t : salige sint 3 75 u mber ente in ti uuambi m thiede ui ba ru n in ti bru sti thiode

u itun T ha nne bi innent sie ue an be r on : a u i so g . g q d g f lle t ubar unsih ! inti nollon bithecket u nsih l B ithiu oba sie

in ruonemo ume thisiu tuont nu a in t hemo g bo , n ist

thurr en P

14 . . CLXX

‘3 2 0 2 . Uuarun ileittit an r e z ue ne ubile mit imo a g d , th n

sie uuari n er sla an I n a er u sie uamun in a g . ti ft thi q st t l ‘ t h u dar ihei an Gol otha a ist er reckit hamalstat i ist g n g , th n ,

3 M rk 1 i 2 ii 2 - 1 a o n x . M at t . 8 . M a rk xv . 7 . J h x . xxv . 3 5 i 7 M M a i x ix . a 2 . n i 0. t t . o 1 tt . i 2 . xv . xxv 37 . J h . 7 xxv . 3 L uk iii 2 6 M a t x x n 2 M 2 1 i e . t . v . ar k . M a i xx . . 3 xv . t t . xxv . ‘2 ‘3 1‘ - 2 uk i i 2 6 1 k i 2 . M 2 2 L e i . u ii. a rk . . L e 3 xx 3 . xx 3 xv . 1 07

a un im o imir r otan u ui n t rinkan mit a on imis itan g b g g ll g g , 9 n mit diu her es or o a ui uuolt a t r inkan . er heil an t 8 i ti c t , Th 3 5 ’ ua : a e r fo rla in , sie ui uui un uua sie d uon t . q d f t , n in nn n 3 ‘ 2 0 . ter u sie nan er hien un intfien un sin 3 Af thi i g , g nnat nt a un fior e einer o iuuelihem o kem fen gi i i i t t d il , g p

e n tfi nichun . nas u tfi niha un in ait fon obanen t il , i ti U thi g

i i n T ho uadu un ar i n z u1s en : o t g ubar al giuueba . q n t g 39 m i ’ u i sli onmés sia oh lio e e s fon iru uues siu s . a n , n , Th n giscr ib uuer de gifullit quedenti : teiltu n mi n ginnati in inti u a in nn l n e kem f n a un b r m gi ati santtun on. I ti thi p o t t

h I n siz nti hi ltun nan t isu . e e ti i . 7 n r i t u P i ahh n 2 04 . I ti sc e b it l il atus s neru s u i ti 395 8 9 saz t a o ar si n houbit : z ist er heila nt N az ar e nis o b thi th g ,

n n er o e nni g Judeono . Thesau titul manage lasu th

ude ono u uanta nah t er o u r uuas u s a ar der J , h b gi thi t t th heilan t erhan an nuas n uu as iscriban in ebrais on g , i ti g g

' n in ri hi on n n l i n u n tho Pila tuse 00 i ti c e sg i ti i at isgon . Q adu 4 ' ’ t bis ofi a udon u i r unin hie g J o cu i sc riban : Judono c g. ’ ho antlin it a P a us a r i r i T g il t : th n ih sc e b th an sc e b ih . 1° T h uuarun r han n i ba 2 0 . o e an mi im z u e th o 5 g t o e , e in in ne so n an er in ina uuini tr e furiv a r en i ti d s s a . Thi

‘ ton bisma r ot un nan r uor tun ir o houbit n uedenti z o i , i ti q 4 5

u uah e dar z iuuir fit em a n in thr in a on , thi p t p l i ti t g in a ur iz imbr ot : e t hih selb n oba ir t s sun sis b g h ili o th go e , ’ ti n ar fon th m r am r t er o s g id e o c oce . S a thie ho os on th bisgofo bismaronti mit thén buoherin inti mit thon alton

uadun : an r e e a her heilae sih selbon ui mac e uon 1 0 q d t t , h il t 4

M i 3 n x ix M at xxv u . o . att . i . L uk iii e . t . . xxv 34 . xx 34 . 3 5 J h 5 7 M at i r k . 6 o n 2 2 . 6 n x ix . 1 M a 2 . t . i . o 3 , 4 xxv 3 . J h 9 . xv J h ix M a t i — a ii 8 M ar k x 1 M t . . . t . i . . o n xix 1 2 2 t 9 ; xxv 3 7 J h . 9 . xxv 3 ; 2 M a i . tt . i xv . 7 xxv . 39 1 08 OL D HIGH GERMA N PRIMER

1 ob I srahelo enn n si er i e n ar fon themo ru e n in i g , st g id c c , i ti 2 ' iseheme s in iloubome s imo . H e r itr tt u uét in ot g ti g g g , bithiu erlosit her nan no ob her nan nu- her ua i , i ili ; q d 3 uuantih t e un in e in f n th n e 511 go s s b . Than selba o é thi (1 4 1 5 hangétun the r o thiobo bism arota inan quedenti : o b thil ’ sis r tuo selbon e lan n unsih ho antlin ita C ist, dih h i i ti . T g ‘ - er an er n cr ebota nan sus uedenti : n oh thil ui th d , i i q

’ for htis ot t a thti in e m selbiin nidar un u b s ? n t g , h n th g i t i i nu r iuu esso r e o u uir u uirdi u at n in tfahemos i g bt , g t i ; ’ t hes r uuarlih ni uuih I n u a z i t hemo é o o t ubiles te ta . ti q d h eilante : t r oh ti n ihu i min mit diu is enm st in in , g g th i th ’ ri . T ho ua imo er he ilant uuar uiduh r bbi q d th q thi , ’ hiutu bi tfi mit mir n ar iso s i p ad .

Stuontu n nah the m ro e heilantes si n 2 2 06 . o c ce th s 4 5

muoter n suester siner a muote r ar a -Cle0 ase s n i ti , M i p , i ti

M a d l ni u diu isah er he ilant a M ar ia g a e sg . Mit g th thi mu oter nt iun ir on stantentan thende her minnota u a i i g , q d ‘ ’ sineru muot er : uni sénu in sun ! A er u ua b, th ft thi q d ts sme n iu ngir on z senu thin muoter l i nti fon ther u z iti 4 30 o n fi n sia un i i t e g ther i g r o in sina. 0 F on theru sehst i m z it finstarnessu uuaru n ubar 2 7 . i

' n n I n u m a niunt ti n z it alla e rda z u z a minutou z it . ti bi thi ‘ r iof ther heilan t mihiler u stemmu sus queden ti : Heli ’ e ama sabacthani l a err eckit : ot mi n ot H li l th n ist g , g 4 35

' min z in for lie i thti mih ? um uuar liho ar s tantente , n S e th ’ ih ren ua u i he ér inti g o te q d n : H el ase ru ofit t s . 8 2 ter u uuest er heila nt a u a u l l l 08 . Af thi a th th n thi ll

ientotu uuarun a thuruhfremit nur a iscr ib g , th n di th n g ,

9 3 - M M a t t i L uk iii . o n ar k . 2 . . i. . e . xv 3 xxv 4 3 , 44 xx 39 4 3 J h 5 - dis i u us in sua . xix . 2 2 einde dicit disc i u lo a cce it eam c 5 7 . D p : p p l 7 - M att xxv n . o n xix . 2 8 2 . . . 4 5 4 7 J h , 9

1 1 0 O L D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

1 2 1 1 udei uuarlicho uuanta fn i eta uuas a ui . J , n g , th n bilibi n in th emo cr iice thie lihamon in samba ntag (nuas iuu esso m t er samba ta a un Pilatum a sie g ihil h n g), b t , th n b r achin iro ibeiniu n u ur din ana inomane uamun 0 g , i ti th g . Q 4 7

e kem fon n es érist en iuuesso ra un ibeinu thi p i ti th g h b g , in e s an re s e dar mi im r han an uuas T ho i th d thi t o e g . s e z i themo he ilante uamun sose nan isahu n iu o an u i q , i g t t ,

u i nu i inu in r k m h n mi brach n s g be . Oh e the o e p o o t sp eru si na si i fan ta n t lium fi ien blu n u u a a o o s o ot ar . t g , i i ng g i ti nn 4 75 ’ a iscr ib unar ifullit : e n ui br ehet ir fon im Th n g i g b i o . A u r an er iscrib uidit : isahu n in the nde sie anastahu n b d g q g .

1 . E W 5 ST . MATTH .

— a ii. 1 0 x . 1 . . a . x M tt 3 5 , iii

— ‘ 6 2 8 1 2 . B ithiu uid u iu : io iuuelih sun a n , q ih g t i ti bismar un a uuir dit fur la an mannun es e s es bis g nn , th g i t m ar un a ui u uir dit fu r la an I n so uuer so uidit uuort 80 g n . ti q 4 uuida r t e n m annes sun u uir dit im o fu r la an e ar h , n ; thi th uidit u uidar themo heila en e s e ui uuir dit imo q g g i t , fur la an n oh in ther uu r l i in u u r n r o e o t noh them z ou a tfi n.

Odo uo u o an ou m n si na n uuahsmon uo an odo t t g t b i ti g t ,

uo ubilan oum n sinan uuahsmon ubilan iuue sso 8 t t b i ti , g 4 5 f n th m uu ah m n r n o e o s e thie boum uuir dit fur stantan . B a n atr ono v v uo mu u ir uot u s r ehhan mit u ir ubile , g t g p , thi

ru ? F on inuht sami s e rz n r hhi mun bi t g the h e sp i t thie d . Guot man fon guotemo tr esouu e br ingit guotu i nti ubil man f n il m e in i I h i u ln o ub e o t r souue b r t ubilu. u d a 0 g q , th n 4 9 io iuuelih uu ort u nnu z z i a man s re hhen ti s n el ten t g , th n p i t, g r e a fon omo in tuome a on thi ne n u u orton uuir d th s t ge . F disto girehfestigot i nti fon thinén uuor ton u uir distfi for ’ nidar it .

1 — 1 o n xix 1 u t scr i t ur a im l eat ur . J h . 3 3 7. p p TA TIAN 1 - 1 1

T ho antlin itu n imo sume fon thén buohharin nt 5 7 . g i i 4 95

Phariseis ue dante : meistar u u ir uu ollen fon r q , thi ’ z i ho an tlin inti u a in u unn e chan gisehan . T g q d bil c i

nt furle an su ohhit z eihhan n z eihhan m u u irdit imo i i g , i ti

i eban n z eihhan onase s e s uui a en . oso unas g g , ibi J th n g S

ona in e u u ales nuam u thri a a n thriio na so 00 J s th s b t g i ti ht, 5 i t m nn u n n r z n r u th ri a a n thrii n s a es s i he e e d t g i ti o aht . Thie Ninev iscun m an arstantent in t u om e mit thesemo cu nne n furniderent u uan ta sie r nna a u n in r e i ti in , i t t p di un u onase s se nu er ist me ra thanne onas ! g g J , hi J Sundiri nu cuningin ar stentit in t uom e mit th esemo cu nne 5 05

nt fur nidir it uu anta siu uam fon en e e r u z i i i in , q t d horen ne s ahida a amones onu er ist m ér a t hanne p S l , s hi

a amon ! I h uidu iu u uanta m an a e uamun fon en e S l q , g q t er dfi n oren s ahida a amone n bithiu er ist mor a h p S l s, i ti hi

a amon hann u n fibiro e s fi ét fon t h m 1 S l e. T e thie s g i t ng e o 5 0 manne en it thuruh thur r o ste suohhit res i n ni , g g ti , t i ti

' hann u i i u u ir u in min ii s n findit . T e q d t : ih b h tha an ih

fi i en n uementi fi ndit z uomi a mit be sem en ng g, i ti q g n

ifur it n i ruu i T hanne ferit n n m s u n g b i ti g ga t . i ti i it ib

' eista an ere mit imo uu ir sir on thanne her si nt ln 1 g d , i i 5 5 an ente artont that n s n thanne e iu n ist un es g g , i ti i t thi g th mannes u u ir siru n thou oriru n So ist thesemo un h e . c ’ t hemo uuir sist en .

. I mo noh thanne s r ehhentemo z i thén meni in 5 9 p g ,

se nu si n muoter nt si ne b r uoder stu on tu n fi e suohtu n 2 0 i i n , 5 ‘ nan z i is r ehhan ne T ho ua imo sum : se nu i n i g p . q d th ’ muoter n in bru o r ant ent o suohhente hih i ti th e de st ne t . H er tho antlinginti im o su s qu edantemo quad : uuie ist mi n muoter inti uu ie sint mine b ru oder P T henita sina ‘ hant in sine iungir on in ti quad : sénu min muoter i nti 5 2 5 1 1 2

’ ‘ mi ne bruoder ! So uu er so tuot uuillon - mines fater ther ’ in himile ist er ist mi n, bruoder n suester n muoter , th i ti i ti .

‘ ’

0 2 . I n ii an enti fon themo hfi se sa nah themo 7 , ti ng g n

séuue .

— a . x . 1 . b. M tt iii 4 5 3

6 en t e m anne sun sine en ila n i ar lesent 0 7 , 5 . S ti thi s g , i t 5 3 fon sinemo rihhe a llu asuih i nti thie thei r tuont unreht inti sen en sis in o an hu r es ar ist v v uoft n str idu -n a t t v , th i ti g

ann r h kin n ma unn in hh ir z en o. T h e e te s e t sa so s a ri e o

a er e ar habé oru n e bor e s f t . Thi th thi

‘ i ist t i himilo t r eseuu : ibor anemo in 7 7 . Gil h hhi e g g 5 3 5 accar e a t e findit ma n ibir i it n bi ifehen sine s , th n hi in g g i ti g

’ gengit inti fu r cou fit ellu =thiu her babot inti c oufit accar

’ ur i t rib himil n u hh ntem then. Ab gil h is bi o ma ne s o e o

m r t r i a F u ndan m h n n n m iu r m guote e g on . e o t a e ei e o d e o merigi' ione gieng i nti fu r cou ft a e llu thiu her babota inti 5 40

u ft u i s i r hhi il inu iuu co a then . Ab r gil h i t i him o seg g or

haneru in 5 0 n fon allemo unh e fis o isamanontero p 6 i ti c g g . Thiu mit diu gifullit uuas finnemente int i bi st edu s iz ente ar asu n u ot n in fa t ubil n ii v v u r li u n So l thie g o n, hie o n p . uuirdit in fu llidu u uerolti ; fi ngangen t engila inti arskeident 5 4 5 u bile fon mittemen r ehter o n sen en sie in o an fiures i ti t t v ,

: ei r uuirdit v v u ft n . la f n a z ni F u rstuon tu t ir th o i ti c u g e or

“ ’ sn n u u . i m ia ua her in : t hi elli P Q ad n s e i o . Q d

' ' bithiu giuuelih - buohhari gilo-r t e r in r ihhe himilo gilih ist

’ manne fater e hiuuiskes thie thar frambringit . fon Sinemo

' tr eseuu e niv v u inti altiu

8 1 Uu ar d t ho tho iful ta er heilant- theso ra ssa 7 , , g th ti , fuor thana.

1 1 4 OL D HIGH GERMA z v PRIMER

d a x — . x 1 6 2 . M tt . iii . 4

1 1 1 . Unoiu blinte l eitida e e uedet : so uue r 4 , 4 , , thi d q so suer it bi themo temple ! th er] nist n iouuiht ; the rde u rit in m m e n blin te u uedar 8 s e o e e a . u g ld t pl s , sc l D b i ti , 5 5 ist mora a o od a tem um a dar he ila ot o ? , th n g ld pl th n g g ld I n so uue r so suer it in altter e niouuiht ist so u uer so ti ,

suerit in em e u a dar u ar a ist sca . B linte th g b , th n b th n , l , uuedar ist mora t u e a odo er altt eri ther de iheila , hi g b th g got thia geba ? Thie de suerit in themo altter e ther suerit 5 90 in themo i nti in allén thiu that u bar imo sint ; inti thie dar suerit in themo temple s uer it in imo inti in themo t hie dar a r tot in imo ; ther de suerit in himile th er suer it in t Uno go es sedale i nti in themo the r de siz it obar than . iu sc riber in n Pha risei liche z er a ir d e de z emot minz ii n i ti , 5 9 5

1 ' ' ' ' ' ' n n u m n full r nl em z nlz z o z u uel z clz o uur cz n i ti dilli i ti c i g , i ti forlie u t u dar hev i er un s n e uu a u om nt miltida n thi g i t , d i i 1 ' ' n t r euuu a z nl z ol es minna T hisiu ilam f z i tuonne i ti g . g p n u ui z i f r la ann L eitido n blinter o sih nti i ti thi o nn e . , e muc il n olbent ti n suel enti g , g .

— e a xx . 2 8 . . M tt . iii 3 5

1 1 2 . So it u ana iuu esso e r ou et iuuuih ma nnon 4 , 3 nn g g

ht nu ana ru ir o li h z n u nr ehte s re e e c e en es n . , i bi t f ll i ti

Uue 1u scriber in n Pharisein li chez era bithiu uuanta ir i ti , , z imbrot gr ebir uuinnagono inti gar auuet gr ebir r eht ero

n u e det : oba u uir uuarin in a on uns r a ero u i 6 i ti q t g e o f t , 05 uu ari me s ir ino a in blu r uui a n I r o g nn ote the o nn go o.

ru ur cundon selbon bithiu ir iro k n ru e dar bi t , i d bi t thi uuinagon sluogun ; inti ir gifu llet men iuuuer o fatero . er nat r ono v v uo fliohet ir fon uome helliuui e s ? B d , d nn

1 L uk e xi , 4 9 . TA TIAN 1 1 5

' ’ ° 1 ' ' ‘ B il l nu quad lbz u g ol cunda sp a lz z da z lz senl u 2 2 in uuz n 6 1 0

' ’ a an z ul z bo/on n s ahe n scriber a fon ou slahet ng i ti p i ti , th

' ir inti hahe t i n ti fon then fille t if in iuuueron samanungon

nt a e fon u r z i u r a u eme u ar iuuuih i i ht t b gi b gi, th n q b io iu uelih bluot rehta a er o an u u ar d u ar e r a fon g nth n g nn b d , bluote thes r ehten Abe l lo unz an bluot Z achariases thes 6 1 5

B ar achiases su nes en it sluo ut un ar t hemo em e , th g t t pl

n th mo a r i ti e lt e e.

— : a . x x 2 . j M tt iv. 9 3 5

1 lium a ter arb iti er a sunn uuir dit 1 . S o e o o a 4 5 , 9 f th t g bifinst rit n mano ui ibit sin 1ioht inti ste r ron fallent , i ti g , fon himile n me n himilo n iruorit n t hanne 6 2 0 , i ti gi si t g ; i ti er ou it sih z eichan es mannes sune s in himile n g th , i ti thanne v v uofit sih allu erdcunuu ; in ti gisehent manne s su n comentan in himiles uuolkanon mit managemo megine

‘ T hann n sin n il mi r um ti n i nti mihilnesse . e se tit e e g a t t b

n mihileru stemmu nt isamanont - sine icoranon fon 6 2 i ti , i i g g 5 fi uui n n h hi himilo io u nz ir o e n or nto fo o . , ti

1 F on ou m fi no lern o ilihn i 6 1 . e fi t ess . i 4 , b g g Mit d u ii si n z u elga murunni u uir dit i nti bletir giboraniu uu i it a in nah ist umar So ir mit diu ir isehet nn th n s . , g i it h r t n a n u uesan uu a e nah is in uron . his lli , nn th n t d 630

ni t uidih iu bithiu u uant a u i v orfer it z nn i e r U q , thi cu

thanne a n sn uuer dent. H imil n e r a far ent minu lli thi i ti d ,

uu r ui v rfar en o t o t .

— a . x x . 1 6 2 0 . g . M tt viii

E inlif iu n u n in il n 2 4 1 . ngor on gie g Gal eam i then ber g that in e r h il an imar ot a n i he nt i nan u th e t g c , i ti g se i betot n 635 um iu uu h u nan e ue sso z é ot n . i , s g

1 - L uke xi . 49. I 2 1 1 6 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

I n r h in u d n i i ban al iuualt 2 4 2 . ti sp a z uo q e e t : g ge ist g 1 himil in a nu r alt r aedi ot mir in e n in e r u . Got a e i ti d ll , p g e an e um all er a isceft i n lér et a hiot a ou en sis v g li g i ti lle t , t f ti in namen a er n sunes n e e a e n e s es ore 6 0 f t i ti i ti th s b il g g i t , l t 4 i n sie z i bihaltanne alliu so uuelichiu si ih iu g bot . I ti n l uu ti sé u ih bin mit ln al én tagon unz an enti eral .

- 1 6 . at . 1 . M t vi . 9 3

6 . a er un er ir ar s in himile si iheila ot 3 4 , F t s , th th bi t , g g in namo ueme i n ri b si in uu illo so her in himile th , q th b i , th , ist so si he r in er u nusar r o t a alihha uns hiutu 6 , d , b t g ngib , 4 5

n ur a u ns nu sat a sculdi so uuir fur la emES unsar én i ti f l n , n sculdi on n ui ile itést u nsih in costu n a ii ouh arlosi g , i ti g g , n u ih f n ubile ns o .

I I

P S A L M S

rom the ra ments of a tra ns ation of the Psa ms in the A cma nie F f g l l , l

dia ect of the nint centur . T he manuscri t now consist in o f t ree l h y p , g h ’ ' s n w as rs t u is ed Schmelle r in Steichel e s B eal r a en z u r lea ve o ly, fi p bl h by g ' ’ Gescbz clz te d es B z st l mms A u sbu r and t en a t er a so in the Ger ma nic g g , h l l , ii 8- 1 0 . . 9 5

1 Ps . x . . c vi

’ ‘ I mz nn l a idiu kehor ta t ruhtin mma des kebetes lz o , p sti n kineicta ora sina mir n in a on mine s . 2 . a a D t n , i ti t g

in n inemmu 3 . U mbiseliton mih e er des m é k dih . s h

o es z aa a era e a funtu n mih. 4 . Arabeit n e er t d , l d h ll i ti s h

an n namon t ruhti nes kinamta . 5 . Uuola o truhti n f d, i ti g , 5

i a mina. kenadi ér truhtin n r ehtor n ot erlos sol g i ti , i ti g

' unsor kenadit . 6 . K ehaltanti luz cila t ruhtin : kedémua t ér

' mi n a cm nti arlosta mih. 7 . Uuerbi o a a in r e i in p i , s l , st d ,

1 1 M ark xv i . 5 .

1 1 8 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER ae o missadahta uuor to en uuer cho en ka danccho des d , , ti ti ,

k hukkiu ae o ui kihukku des uui anto k e a ae o ih y d , ih nn it t d u nuu i an to notac ae o unn otac slaffanto ae o u uahénto nn , d , d mein suu ar teo ent ukino k r idono en unr ehtero fiz us i l , y ti

e o huorono so u u e so so k e a en u nr ehter o b it , ih it t , ti fi rinlusteo in muose enti in tranche enti in unrehtemo

' slafle da da mir t r ohti n kanist en kana a farki en n , , ti d p ti da or a di nen au on un sc aman ti si en da in n ih f g , ti n ih d er r u uuer oltti minero su ntono r i uun enti harmscara

mo lih so i n milti in l e uu l a a n . so o o da s a a tenteo h p ni d , l s t rohtin kot almahti o kauuer do mir helfan en kauuer do , g , ti mir farke an kanist en kanzi da in din m i e p ti e o r h .

K ot almahti o kau uer do mir belfan en kauui ida g , ti nn mir ia fu riste nt ida 1a gaotan uuillun saman mit rehtén

alau on mir far e an z a di nemo dionost e t r ohtin do g p g p . , in e a nuer alt ufimi sunti e na aner ienne kauu er do d s q g g ,

mih ahaltan en kaner ie n . r s o e sun uuiho c ti Ch i t , c t s ,

t rohtin soso dii uuellés en ino ana a sin tuo i mih , ti d c d , p

sun ti u n e n unuuirdi un scalh i nan uuiho t ruhtin g ti g d , ,

kanadi o ot k au uer do mir belfan sun tikemo en ar a g g , ti f t

‘ n emo dine mo scalhe uuanentemo dinero kanadono .

n i en milteo t roht in dii e no uueist u ueo mino e st go ti , i

dur fti : in ino kanfida en in ino miltida uuiho sint d ti d ,

t r uhti n ifilhu min herz a ia minan cadanc ia mi nan , p i min u uuillun ia minan mot ia mi nan l p 15. i n u ort ii

mi n n uu r h leisti uuiho t mhtin ino kanoda in mi r i e . , , d su ntigin e nti unuuir digin scalhe di nemo : kauuerdo mih

u i-l caner ien fona allemo p e . O TF R I D 1 1 9

I V

01'a

T here is h ardly a poet in t he Old 01 M iddle H igh German liter at ur e

who at th e sa me t ime is so w e k nown and et nknown as Ot fr id . ll , y so u Almost a ll io r a ica w or k s r om T r it hemius u t o mod ern t imes b g ph l f p , t he anna s of t he B e nedict ine r d r h is orie f man m ona st eries l O e , t e h t s o y , ‘ th roni f E s — l nt i h m n hu s e C c es o sa s &c . a l me on t e rated o ac h l l , , e c leb ’ Wiz anbur en sis an d t e us muc a out his know ed e and t a ents b u t g , ll h b l g l , we lea rn fr om al l t hese sources sca rcely mor e tha n we ar e a ble t o a r om s o w n w r g ther f hi o k . So muc is ow e er cer t a in t at he wa s a u i of the renowned h , h v , , h p p l ’ u d a a ot R habanus M aur us : A R ha bano M aur o sa s he in his F l bb , y ‘ et ter t o Ar c is o L iut be rt of M a inz educa ta a rum m arv ita s l hb h p , p ea p ’ I t is a so uite cer t a in r om his tt r o t h t w a monk s est . e e t e St . G en l q f l o ll , H art muat and Werinber t t at a t a a ter er iod he i ed in the mo na ster , h l p l v y We issen ur in sa ss w er e he a so wr ot e a o u 8 his at t 0 A D. b g El , h l , b 7 . , E an e ien uc or E an e ien armonie cont ainin the it a et ass io v g l b h v g l h , g V p risti in the R enis F r anconian dia ect a nd d edica ted the w rk t o Ch h h l , o r r ud wi the Empe o L g . ’ T he e a ct da t es of th e oet s irt d d at u kn I t h as x p b h an e h are n o wn . ’ been shown w ith great pr obabilit y t ha t Otfrid s nat ive pla ce was some w er e ia the S e ier a u on the M idd e R in A nd wit t is a ss um tion h p g l h e . h h p als o agr ees t he fa ct t ha t Otfr id alwa ys s peak s of himse lf as be ing a

rank an d des i nat es his an ua e a s F r auconia n . F , g l g g w o e w or k is di ided in o v k m t o T he h l v t fi e boo s. Ot frid himself see s have fe lt t hat it might seem st ra nge w hy his poe m w as d ivided int o fiv e book s sin ce there w er e only four Gospels ; an d he there fo re expr esses the reason of t his division in the foll owing w or ds H os in quinque ’ ideo dist inxi sa s he uia eorum uadr ata a ualitas sancta nost r or um , y , q q eq uin ue sensu um inae u a lita t em orn at et su r flua in no is ua e ue q q q , pe b q q n on solum a ct u um ver um etiam cogita ti onum v er tun t in el ev a tionem ’ ’ l ium r om t is it ol ow s t at Otfrid s oe m is no mea ns t o c ae est . F h f l h p by ar ded as a mer e tran s a tion of t he our Gos e s and t a t Otfrid be r eg l f p l , h i u t w as at er his int ention sought t o furn sh anyt hing b t a tr ansla ion. I t r h i e an a ccount of the i e and t ea c in of rist ase d a rt on t o g v l f h g Ch , b p ly h os e s but ar t a so on ot er sour ces the most im ort a nt of t e G p l , p ly l h , p which were 1 2 0 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

’ 1 R ha banus M a urus : E x ositio in M atthaeum for t he Gos el of ( ) p , p St M att ew . h . ’ 2 B ed a : x osit io in L uea m for the Gos e of St . L uke . ( ) E p , p l ’ A cuin Comm enta ria su er I ohannem for the Gos e ofSt . o n . (3) l p , p l J h ’ De di inis o fiiciis for t he rst c a t er o f B ook De fide sanct ae v , fi h p V . ’ et indiv iduae tr initatis fo r t he tw ent - t ird c a ter of B ook . , y h h p V T h w r ks of P r ine e o o e e or nd t . A u ust (4) p G g y a S g .

A er and edit ion o f t h e o m is r dm ann H a e 1 88 2 . v y h y p e by O . E , ll , ’ I n t he fo owin e tr a cts Otfrid s st ress a ccent s a e een r eta ined bu t ll g x h v b , for pr act ica l r easons I ha ve t hou ght it advisa ble t o mark the long vowel s o f stem s a s yll ble .

I B E L R E VAN GEL I OR UM PR I MUS.

4 . I . Cur scr i t or hun l ibrum he is d icta v er i p c t ot ce t.

V uas iu o filu in fli e in mana emo a alei e l t n , g g n , i sie a in r iclei tin a si ir o namon br e ité th n sc p g p , th n e tin ;

Sie é in io ilicho fli un tiallicho th s g nn g ,

in tia h n . n im n i r h anh i i b c o ma g éi t thio i o c ti e t . ’ Thar ana datun sie ouh than dti am : ougdun iro uuis uam d ,

ou dun iro léini in e t ihtonnes r e ini g c th s . I ist l t um b not so k e no irédinot n a h l i g ,

dunkal ei un funtan z isamane ibtintan in g , g , Sie ouh in iu isa e tin a en o btiah nir th g g , th n th thi smah in et ,

ioh uuol er sih fi ruuésti en esan ilusti. , th l in g Z i thiu mag man ouh ginoto manager o thfoto

r n in nnen bi a namon mi giz éllen ioh su tar g é .

Sar K r iachi ioh R om n machont so iz zi mi a i in g , machont si al irustit so thih es uuola Instit in e g , Sie machout so r éhta ioh so filu sléhta in n n,

in ist giftiagit al in éin selp so hélphantes béin .

1 2 2 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

I n otes ibote s a 12 an an ine ftia i g g su ni 2, g g th n, ui Ian thir z it thes i ngan : theist seoni fer s sar i g dén. Dihto io a z i no theso se z t th n ti bs i i,

a thd thih ir i i s untun ir és 0 so l stes n em ib tes. th n g , th g 5

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himilis im ha u an er r a a g ac : bi thi ist th an d ch .

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ti n imah g , e liutes uuiht u i dualtun e uuir ar oba thi , thi bi

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in e e ioh in uualde so s n sie Sama al e ( f ld i t b d ), R ihiduam intia i ioh n ouh filu kuan g g , si t i , z i u u f n n h n aa e snelle so si t thie t éga a alle .

‘ Sie ilen mit iz iu on ioh uuaru n io es iuuon 6 b t g g , th g , 5 in fiat m an u s n s tinseante g e o l te : bi thi i t ie . I fflu fei it ar o ist iuuéi it n ist n , h t in g n mit mana falt n htin ni un n fr h in g e é : st in bi se é t . ’ Z i nti z z e rébit man ouh ei r é: n kti har g th i ti p , ioh bi thia meina isine steina ’ h tharaz ua ftia i sflabar intra i Ou g g g ,

at n in ir u ioh lésent th in lé te gold o sa te. 0TF R I D 1 2 3

i n fastmuat e z i mana em ua e S e si t g o g t , n z i n r u z i z i manager u u z than dtie t in i o ui z . Sie sint fflu r edie sih fianton z ir r ettinne 7 5 ’ ni idtirr un e s bi inn i n u ar ti n an g si g an : s e elgu se b u n . L iut in nint ftiarit a ir o an r uarit sih , th n l t , ui si bi iro guati in thionon io z i noti

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o Me sin ioh Per s nub in es unir s . th h di in i , thi i ’ L as iu in alauuar in e nen bti achon uuei uuar ih i , ih n ,

sie in si u ioh in ab u sin e xan res slahtu bb t Al d ,

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in uuorolti nihéine ui si ie z u un e me , th si g h i ;

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n m uh er en in u nan F rank n Ni si t thie i o c d i , thi o u ri u e en ,

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a sie es bi inne n o ana sin en Th n th g , in n gi g , ’ i u 1 1 0 oh sie in ouh ir ftt llen mit mihilemo u illen . G n ist es nit r e na a sie s n at e the ana ida di , th n i t gu g ,

uh n m o o gote thio onti alle ioh u uisdua e s f lle .

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t er sie z imo o e a z i iloubon si nen ladota . h h l t , g I st e r in ir o an e a e un o nintstante th l t in ll s i , ’ in ander giz ungi fir néman in ni kimu i ' H iar hor er io z i a una ot imo i btete gu te , n g g ,

t a uuir im hiar isrin u n in fr nkis a z un un h n o g g é g g . Nit fr éuuen sih es a e so nuer so uno a uuolle ll l ,

ioh so nuer si o in mtiate F r nkono i e h ld a th ot ,

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1 2 6 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

I oh manniliches houbit uuard es th ar gidr tiabit

ihor tun tin r a u n g ge no th n uir no niane n ger o . e buachara ou h tho thére isamanotn e r sare Thi g , sie uuas er fra enti uuar ris ibo r an uurt i g , K t g ;

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man 1 ), 75 ’

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1 3 0 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

S r ah er hériz oho 2 1 in so e r ti i ian in e inin : 2 6 p th , ng g g g g 5 ‘ ’ u uelih ruagstab so fram z éllet ir in thesau man ? Thes argen uuillen hérti gab imo antuuurti : ‘ ’ ob ér ua uno a thahti z i isn er ui brahti . , q d , l , th in lier er in ou in n mit r o en méindatin Ni f th l ti g n , uuir ouh e ui tbéhtin a uuir nan th s , th n h ’ bra tin.

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T heih tirkundi si re iz alti ona undre g f , ’ t han ih ouh uuarlichu thing gibreit ti in thesau n uuor oltri g .

So uuér so ist ona nu re er t mir io s re f a , th ho it a , ’ horit er . mit min nu min s imnu 0 es selbes t . 33

’ ‘ a e thii mir ua er sar uua it nénnes a unair S g , q d , nth th n ’ da mih i i i i es uuiss una si a uuarn ss . gid th g , n th n

! ! I I . uomodo i at us o i Chr istum d mitt r r a a a Q P l v la t i e e p o B rn b .

G an er so er a i uad uu ei es uuir di u i uuar d i g , th n g q (ih n, g , a er a ihort i uua ' dr tihtin e i uzi ti th n th n g , n th s g q ; uane ouh bi iu so ahti es schaher es itheihti U th g , th g , 335 mit uuéhselu er isitoti er selban r i r re g , K st i titi), S rah er t ho z en in n sie a e un o ir iatin : p l ti , in ll s i g ‘ ’ ‘ u i findu ua er e au man in niheinen ih , q d , th s a on fir dan s ch , bin ouh e nais oba er e i e s o si Ni ih th s i , th s l b s c lo i r u i n n hr t sin d t 0 so y s aht h i a t e o es se lbe s é o. 34 2 ist in in the sa z it z i iuuonaheiti 1 i g , ih finar themo unine iu einan haft firlone ' ii ahtot un o ir uuollet ioh uuéderan ir iruuéllet N , i , ,

" 1 3 4 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

i bithtir nter ioh bifil ter ioh sus bisme r te r g o u i Ptir ur in iuuati dr tia er tho n o p g g bi ti , t htirnina r na a i n c o o gidan uu s th an n ho a . ‘ ’ ‘ e et ua e r na en man fi r damnot ist er filu S b , q d , th ; fr am l 3 75

‘ ir se e si na ti nér a uua uuéllet ir es méra ? b t , n B iscoltan ist e r ar o ioh honlicher o uuor to h t ,

‘ u si u i lu r t o h ncro n dato g réfsit fi d zi o .

' ( ’ 1 E1 ist u a 111111111 mit thor non ouh bis téllit , q d, , ;

ri ti man im s i dtiat nix a e ktielen in a o ul h , l n t th n ' mtiat . 38 0

‘ So sie n an t ho isi hun so riafun sie a e u n g , ll gah

in e in imo inbr an a mtiat so o i o fianton a . g g th n , t du t

‘ ’ tun tho imia i a rnan nan irslti a i Ba g g , th n i g , ’ ioh r iafun filu e o : cr ii z o los l nan criiz o l h in , ’ me nan ua i n crii z o nan un ar - fu z 8 Ne , er z iu t 3 5 t i q d , i ti i t " i f u i ma in imo ir findan oba er firdzi n s so rém. g ih , Thero biscofo hér ti gab imo antuuu rti

' mit al ten nides uu illen : u i moht un sie in gistillen

E r a ir stér ban thuruh not so uui od unser z éinot sc l , n ,

‘ ' ioh douu en sinen uuor ton in thérero mann o hanton 3 90

' ’ ‘

nta ér ikundta hér asun a er si selbo . 6 tes sun Uua g , th n g , i ioh u baral in uuari so det er sul h mar i .

’ ' r uu i od lérit re in crii z i man hen hahe The n tha , t , ’ so uu er so in ti rheine sih sul ihes biheine . hta sih tho ar o P atu er o uuorto e ora h t il s th , 3 95 mi r is er tho fon in in a s r ahh gi an g t K te th n p il s in. ’ ‘ i ua mih sar nti ua er uuis unauana au G d , q d , , l tes thir sis, ’ uélichera ibur ti a thu io z i thisu uuurti u g , th n ?

’ E r uant sui eta ioh mammonto . itha eta : st , g g g DAS L UD WI GSL I E D 1 3 5

‘ sines e e thulti u i ab imo antuuur ti 00 s lb s g . 4 4 ‘ ’ ‘ uuildu réchan ua z i mit ? ui uuéistfi Ni sp , q d , uua a en r n ih s g thi , than stéit th an thinan enti in minesf selbe s henti i

' I oh bin ouh iuuélti ubar e u iun in ih g g ll th th g , "

in lib ioh dod hiutu so uuedar so ibiutu . , ih g

Antuurtita in o er keisor éuuini o 0 l d th g tho, 4 5 the r kuning himilisgo in uuar t hemo hériz ohen thar ‘ I h sa en r a ui hiluh thih iuualt ui habe tistii g thi , th n g u ar mih b , a oba h r a iz fimi fo n himile ui u m t i th n g q i . Bi thiu ist mit méren sunton ther mih gab thir z i

ioh er 2 1 u bibrahta a biar man mi n su s th in thi , th n ’ ht é a . 4 10

V

Da s L U DW I G S L I E D

T he L udwi sl ied w r it ten in the R enis ra nconian dia ect w as g , h h F l , composed t o ce lebra t e the vict ory ofL udwig I I I over the Nor mans a t h a t f Sau our t w ic w as ou t on A 1 I w a t e tl e o c u us 8 . s b , h h f gh g t 3 , 8 t pr obably wr itt en by t he m on k H ucbald (1 930) in the sa me or the early n pa rt of the followi g yea r .

R ithmus t eut onicu s de piae mem oria e H l uduico rege filio H l ud uici ac ue re is q g .

E inan kun n uuei H ei sit h r ludui i g n ih , n e H g, thi n Ther gerno gode o ot I h uuein her imos lonot .

Kind uuarth her fater los . Thes u uarth imo sar buon

H loda n htin M a z u i o an t r u o uar th her s n. i , gac go Gab her imo du idi F r onisc ithi ini g , g g , aa ier in Vrankon So ru e her s an o St l h . b ch e l g l 1 3 6 OL D H IGH GERMAN PR IMER

a ideilder thanne Sar mit K arlemanne Th n g , B ru d r in m u i o e s e o a cz ala uunn on . , Thi o So a uuar th al endiot oron uuolda sin od th n g , K g , her r i i o un on m i Ob a be d s i g thol aht . e z her be ne man ar soo i an Li t ldi Ob l d ,

o V r n n an n undi no Thi t a co o M o s o . Sume sar v erlorane Uuur dun sum e rkorane H ranskar h l l t a a t o ota Ther or misse ebo a .

er er thanne thiob nua I nd er thanana na 1 Th th s, gi s , 5

N m i n m n a s a vaston : Si dh uuar th her gnot a .

' Sum unas lu inari Sum skachari g , ,

Sum fol o s n r i u i se I d e b ta s h e . l , g on th s un n uuas erv ir rit a ri al rr K i g , Th n chi gi it,

Uuas erbol an r s L eidhor e in ald . g K i t , th s g in o erbarmédes ot Uuisser a a a not : Th h g , ll thi ui r Hie n her Hlud gan Tha ot sar ritan.

‘ H ludui kun n min H il h m nan liu tin ! g, i g , p i ’ i u r m H e g n sa No th an Hart o biduuungan . ‘ ’ T hanne S rah H ludui H érro so u on p g , d ih , ’ t Dot ui re e mir A a thii ibiudist . t in , l th n g T ho nam her o e urlub H uob her undfanon g d s , g

R eit he r thara in Vrankon I ngagan N ort hmannon . Go e thancodun T ho sin beidod un d , ’

ui dhu n al fro mi n So an o ou uuir i n. 0 Q , l g beid th 3 T hanne sprah litto Hluduig ther gue to ‘ T r stet hiu is li i l n o el on M ne notsta lo . , g , era sa n a mih od I oh mir e bo ibod H t g s l g , Ob hiu rat thi1hti a er ev uhti , Th n ih hi g ,

’

se oh u i S aroti Uncih hiu ine rit i. Mih lb p , g N uuillih a mir v l n s h ld n it th n o go Alle gode o o . Giskerit ist thin hieruuist So lango so na ili Kr ist

" 1 3 8 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

' B at er sih ket rencan dan unip than ther thar a quam5 (uuurbon si na thegana be sin a lipleita) ‘ B iuua kerost ir no man da ih t r e a t rinkan ? n th , g t , n hi g b

' ’ i - a n e nie ant uui e r s e u on unsera un s . n , nn Ch i t, thi J d i t ‘ ni obe ir uuissis uuielih otes ist U p , th , g gift , un e de n ercanti s mit themo do kosotis t , ’ tit ba i dir unn n ine ke runn t s e s s cp en.

' Disiu uz z a ist so n z e ero heimina n b ti f, d ih li f, noh t ii ne a kiscirr es da ir es kisce hés h bis , n th th p uuar ma thii no man neman uec r unnan ? ht , g t , q p

N e istfi li l 1 b uten ke op me r than Jacob . 5 t er ab uns e a u brunnau t ran e r nan i h i na h g th s , c o s man ; ’ i n u smaleno er nu un a uua er s i nn nn th n nn . er t rinkit z uua er be emo thur stit nan mor Th thi nn , d i ,

' der afar trinchit da min en la it der ur s in n , th n d st ’ ’ r in sp a ngot imo n p ruston in ouuon mit luston . 2 0 erro thicho z e dir a uua er abist dii mir H , ih , th n nn g , ’ a u u ur a d n ih me r bar tac ne li fi h era d st c .

' ’ ni t ii anne uuert o e e ra di nen uuirt . U b, dih , h l h

siu ua sus i commen ne hebiti . q t libit , ‘ Uuei da d uuar se ist da dit ommea ne n ih n ii g , n c

2 hehlst. 5

'

dir hebitos e r finfe di Zi o e . r. v llist

' ’ des mahttti sichii r e si n : nit hebist onin der nis din . ‘ H érro in t r uui ih i n da ir ma or as a o s in. , hi g sc , n th ht f g

f r uns i to on hiar in er e a o e r g borana be t b g , Unse r altmaga suohton hia genada ' ’ thoh ir sagant kicorana thia bita in H ierosolz ma . M US PI L L I 1 39

VI I

M U S P I L L I

T he M us ill i wr it ten in the a arian dial ect w as roba com p , B v , p bly s d a ou t he ear 8 0 T he aut or is unknown I t wa s rst ed it ed po e b t y 5 . h . fi b Schmel ler in 1 8 2 M us illi B ruchst ii k einer alliterier euden y 3 p , c ’ Dic t un - v om nde d er We t h g E l .

in a i u m da er touua n a s t c p q e e n sc l .

uuant $ 5 1 so sih diu séla in den s n arhev it a i d ,

e n den lihhamun likkan la it ti si nn , so uimit ein er ona himilz un alon q h i f g ,

' n r n m dan a dar fona p ehhe da paga t siu u pi .

“ or en mac diu séla u nz diu uona ar ot S g , i s g , n u r h l u de a uede emo heri e si gi a ot u er . uuanta ipu sia dan Satananses kisindi kiuu innit, da leitit sia sar dar ir u e uuirdit n l id ,

' ' ' in fuir enti z n finstri : danist rehto v irinlih din g . 1 0

“ u i sia a ar kihalont die die dar ona himile uemant p v f q , ent ero en ilo an uuirdit i si d g cig ,

' die p ringent s sz a si n of in himilo rihi di r ist li ano tod lioht 5 110 finstri p , ‘ m selida ano sorgitn : do: nz st sinh neo an .

’ enne der man in ar dz su ix kiuuinnit d p p ,

it s in himile dar uimit imo hilfa kinuok. h , q

idiu ist du l mihhil aller o manno uuelihemo p rf , da in es si n muo kis ane n t p , dan er kotes uuillun k em o . tuo en e a u r ar o uuise ti h ll f i h t , pehhes pina di r piutit der Sa tanan altist l s an ane . 5 6 mac bu kau na diu h inn c ,

sor én dr ato der sunti en uuei . g , sih . g n 1 4 0 OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER uue emo in v inst ri s al i n v ir ina ite n d e s o st , rinnan in ehhe : da re o aluuic nk p p n ist bt p di ,

dan der man barot z e gote enti imo hilfa ui quimit .

‘ uuanit sih kinada diu uuonaga sola z ui in kihucti himiliskin o e ist n g t , uuanta hiar in uu l i r i uu rk ta 0 ero t afte u e o . 3

So enne der mahti o khuninc da ma a ki annit d g n h l p ,

‘ dara scal queman chunno kilihan: enne ui k ar arno nohhein den an furisiz an d it p p z , ll nn u i m u u i a ero ma o uel h z e demo ahale sc li .

‘ zi r a er ora emo rihhe a ra u an au d sc l v d n bb st t , pi dan er in u uerolti eo kiuuerkot hapota . Da hor tih r a ou dia uuer oltrehtuuison n hh , i dan sculi der antichristo m t E liase pagan . der uuarch ist kiuuafanit enne uuir dit un ar in uuie , d t

a n arb pa .

khenfun n so kreftic diu k osa so ihhil . si t , ist m a stri tit i den uui on li Eli s p e g p , uuili don re htkernon dan ribbi kistarkan : idiu seal imo helfan der himiles kiuualtit p . der antichristo stét i emo altfi ante p d , i emo S atanase der nan v ar senkan a stet p d , i sc l pidiu scal er in deru uuicsteti unut piv allan e n in emo n e si al ti d si d g os uuerdan. doh uui nit de s vilo gotmanno da a in mo uui n Eli s de ge ar uuartit uuerde . so da E liases luot in er a kitr iu fit g p d ,

so in rinnant die er a oum ui kistentit p p g , p onihc in er u aha ar truknont d , , muor v ar suuilhit suili ot on n r imil sih , n l gi de h .

‘ mano v allit r i nit mittila a rt , p n g ,

1 4 2 OL D HIGH GERMA N PRIMER

‘ ' ’ ne v arant e n il u r dz o marhzi de n g zi pe , u hant eo a un an z e n e 80 uec d t , iss t di g .

enne sca l man no ilih ona eru molt u ar stén d g f d , lossan sih ar dero léuuo v aggon : scal imo avar si n lip i ueman p q , dag er sin r eht alla; kirahhon muoggi,

' ' imo a f er sinén a n arl ez z uu enti t t ti l l erde . denne ' der isiz z it der di r suonnan a g g , sc l

' m l z arteillan seal totén enti quekkhén : enne st ét dar um en ilo me ni i d pi g g ,

’ ' gu otero gomono : gar t ist so mz lz lu l da r a quimit z e der u rihtungu 5 6 vilo dia di r a r r es/i a rstén t ,

3 6 di r manno nohh in uuiht imidan ni m ak 0 e p . 9 dcir sca enne an s rehhan hou it sa én l d h t p , p g ,

’ aller o l z do uuelih u nz in den lnz T un n er i g vi g , uua er u n r d én mann un ' m r e kif umi ; ta es o d s r ta.

' ' di r mi ist cc so listie ma n der dar iouuiht arliugan me gi ,

t - hh in da er k am a n me tfito de e a, 5 g. i gi 9

' ' ni al ora emo khunin e kz clmn dz f uu erde ; f d g ,

’ nggau er i; mit alam usa nu fur imeg z

' ' i n ki a tz enti mit fastlm d o v iri a pu g .

’ enne der a ldel der i ua it ha ét d p g p qg p ,

' denne er z e deru m om /eff

‘ uuir dit enne furi kitra an da frono chr fia d g g ,

‘ i n an u r dzi r def hél go Chris t a a arh ga n u a d .

' ' " ’ derma a ugz l é'r dio mfisfi n ; dio er in de ru mm ms ki a r mc gf ,

‘ dio e r durah desse mancunnes minna fi r dolela . N O T E S

r t a ra r a s in th r m ! Th e references r efe t o he p g ph e g a ma r . ]

I . T A T I A N

11 1 — 2 or di n on s a a t hi o in mm i rnl t a si n t r ah h on o is a . . g g . r end ering of th e L a tin : or dinare narrationem quae in nobis compl et ae sunt ret urn . u ise h an L a t is m st 1. . u as . u e 3 g v .

1 si u r e h t iu e id u ar e neuter 210. l . 7 . , , b , , 5

. 8 ki n d is a cc ; . l 3 . pl oi s t e n h ohi st e n 1. 6 7 . h .

6 n is t u i i s t . l . 9 .

1 . t i e th ér see 1 65 n ot e 2 . l . 7 h , 5 , ei i is r m a r enin . t a n t r : t r e e ere st en t art i e t o t he l 73 . h ; h h h ly g h g p cl

t h . r el . an

1 8 h e il i z in n e s erun d Gen. s f il 8 . . o h e az . , g g e n . ’ 1. n o . ni o i n a t ar e L a t . ne ua uam no m ea ns not so l , q q , by , .

. 1 1 . sih un s s i eb a nn e an imit a tion of e L a t a t mm l 3 g , th . d u se

“ f 1. x . Be m o . T he et ter 5 oc cur s on 8 times in T atian v iz B e m o 44 l ly , . am a m x s i r I (i m ( ) , m u ( ) . ( ) . = . 1 60. c u r e t im erati wit ne . L a nol i and i r r e t . te s . t he l , p v h g , p ope ly

su unct i e . pret . bj v

( t h i t i e . l . 74 . h rm ik it d . 2 1 2 . o s e u e e n t ir u u i u n t i n i en u n t a i l F l q , gs , g g h ve t h e r m rd 11 r th e res . . f o p . 3 pl d of a e 1 2 2 . I nst ea s t s d l an s an t e a . we s ou d . 9 s ag ( h l expect

1. 2 0. e a t sec 181 n ote . 4 h b , 5 , 5

a: 2 60. n in tfl e n u n n i i n t fle n n n . l . g g ’ 2 2 c i i n s e l b n L a a d m i mon se . o t . se et sos a t em es l 7 . p , g h lv .

1. 2 8 1 . di ur n. Ger manic d is as a ru e s i t ed t o t in T ati an b , l , h f , u t in t is and a few ot er e am es it has r ema ined uns ifted h h x pl h .

2 8 . nal e s c i im o L a t . non uia d e enis in l . 7 l q e g pert ebat a d ’

um not t a t he car ed for t he oo r . c , h p h m ’ l . 1 . t on t es ex uo since t e ti e . {on is tem ora and 3 3 h q , p l , t h e n is h ad er ial iti t e v b gen ve . 1 n the inf ndin o f us s see l . 3 4 . O . e g c an , 5 185 , not e .

‘

1 2 . T he r e or m is u i t un se e 1 . . 3 9 g . f q , 5 87 0 r th m i mi t 9 n t . . F o e c n ca see 1 o e l 3 3 , 5 7 , - I . for Hos e for li ose i s su . res 3 34. a ) , bj p .

. T he h in i h ér ét is inor a nic . l 3 37 . g g t a : ét l . 35 3 . gee g . OL D HIGH GERMAN PRIMER

. 6 2 . z e sa u im is the w ea A c f m. s . f z es o used as a noun . l 3 k e. e g o , ’ 1. 6 . 8 1011 s i s i n him 3 7 , they . = I . . ni cu r i t v v u fe n u a r t nolite fler e su er me 3 73 o b mih L a . p , ’ wee not for me p . ‘ ’ » . . t h én d ir t h én d o 4 ir in the w ic e w ere d o is the l 3 75 , h h y , h weakened orm of the a d v d i r so als o in t i ed e t h i od e t h en d e . f . , h , ,

1 . u u an t i h u ua n t a 111. l . 4 5 l 1 . . in fa i t h an med a ter ana o t a n a Acc . fem s . of n fa or 4 4 g , pp . . g , f f l gy w it h T h d in t fa n n t e rese nt . e re . orm w ou be a a h p g f l g .

. . L a t . sine l 4 44 . ’

. . fon ob an en t i s u n t an n id ar rom t o t o ottom l 4 49 c , f p b . 1 u u an . 4 6 7 . t a n; a n a n t a i n.

. 0 . er d un r w ak e r d a is usu a str on . l 5 9 he e e . lly g 1 i . . a z e n t e r o is t he Gen . of s i n e n . 5 75 pp . . pl l 2 t n s mis lo m 6 6 . h i h im i l t a a m coe ru . o b o o i o un z ir o e n ti L a . ‘ ’ u s ue ad t er minos eor um r om one end of ea en t o the ot er . q , f h v h

I I . P S A L M S i . T he 11 n s e e r s r ha n t mo o i a meanin . l 3 . h é ) s o e y l g c l g 1 z . . aa a see 4 4 l 5 . 1 i m i d under . 8 . c a n s the Da t . . of m u see 125 note an 7 c . l pl , 5 , , 5 ( )

I . 2 0. ir u m és in ace of he more usua l orms i r um ir un . p , pl t f p , p l ' 2 1 er d a er d a . . h .

. 2 . mi t t ih r om m i t d ih assimi ation m i t rare t akes the l 5 f , by l . ly ccusa ti a ve .

. 2 . t r u h ti n an see . l 9 , 5 100

I I I 8 . E m m a G E B E T . T d h . 2 . e i c . 1 65 n ot e . l , p 5 , 4 l aod o e d o . 3 . .

. . k h u k ki u wit ret ention o f the i w ic in suc or ms had l 4 y , h , h h , h f , most disa ea d r d n i t ur ly pp re a l ea y in t he begin ing of the n n h cent y. I m i . 1 1 . r i u i s th A s f w a e ce . g . o r i n .

. 1 2 . m o i m u o i Old 6 r ema ined undi hth on ised the on es t l a a . p g l g in t he B a ar ian dia c v le t . 1 6 a . . aota n the co mm on OH G . or m ot an see 5 5 . l g f gu , 5

. 2 . m ot m u ot se e a o e l 7 , b v .

I V . O T F B I D

Be fore r ea ding t he ext racts fr om Ot fr id t he be ginner should refer to 5 0 5 2 6 in t he Grammar and o ser e urt er t a t Germanic d and 5 5 , , 5 , b v f h h nian dia ec t p (t h ) remained unshifted initi ally in th e R hen is h F ranco l . l w i d i un the l ossar under t A l w ords beginning here t h w ll be fo d in G y , and t in it under d hose beginn g w h t h .

1 46 OL D m ay GERMAN PRIMER

68 . is ill e n wi Dat ers . Gen . rei so a s 88 . t o in . t l 3 g . p , ; l l 3 wi h r e fl . Da t ex . ’ . 6 . h er a fi h er e. fi ou t . l 3 9 n n, 1 01 u u i l d u w i l t ir u u ei s t fi an w e i s t t ir . 4 . l h h .

. 02 s t oi t r es rd s . of s t a n see note t o 20 l 4 . , p . 3 g , 5 5 .

v . DA B L U DW I G B L I E D

For ms cont aining (1 or t h will be found in the Glossa ry und er t or e ti e d r spec v ly . m m s n n usua t ak 1. 2 . i os i o e . o o es the Dat of the ers . and l lly . p

Gen . r ei bu t c . . 0. , p l 4

i d e i l d er i d il d a e r . l . 7 . g g e

1. 8 . c z al a. s a l e .

I . 1 1 . i e t z i e ret . s . of a an . l l n, p g l n z 1 6 . s i d see ai d in the G ossa r . l . h ( l y

1. 2 1 e r b ar m éd e s e r b ar m éd a e s . u u i ss er w i s sa r t s . (p e . g. n e r of wi nna ) . l w ak n f mi n en i n n Dat . . e e ed or m o s a so i 1 . 2 m a 1 . o n 1 . 3 , p , f ; l 4 3 ,

: ein an r om s i n en . 5 3 . 5 9 f ‘ Th 2 . h e i u n e i u n a e . e h as er e no et mo o ical l . 4 g g , h v h h y l g v a ue. m or e r e uent s o t he una ccented orm of the r on un l f q ly , f p o

8 1 8 .

2 2 6 . T en sa id L udw i L or d I wi l do un ess deat de ri e ll . 5 , h g , , l , l h p v ”

f i a ll t at t ou bidd est . me o t , h h ’

2 h u ob r et . rd s . of h e fi e n see 181 note . l . 7 . , p 3 g , 5 , 4

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1 62 OL D HIGH GERMA N P RI MER

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1 66 OL D HIGH GERMA N P RI M ER

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ur ur in a . ur e. t i t an r e . I rid p p , } p pl , , e. x68 OL D H I GH GERMAN PRIMER

r iuw a r iw a : w re r et r e ent s an t t u n r ef. . l of aon t e n . , , f g , p , p 3 p . an dn s Otfr id d e ce sa ess enan ce . i r s i r e . at on ce , , p , ( ) , , t o m t r o a n : r eed . im edia e . , ] ly r d - a 6 t a r e . s i r i o e .st ren thened orm ofs ar . , j. , g f f r u n r ouh h en we . I o e i se , , f p cen . m ov a s num er num er in s ed a r n seat t r one . , f . b , b g . l , . , h r u ofa n re . ca out cr out . B e an r m . essin , VII , ll , y g , bl g . n I t u o u m e e w e I ac use eé on n s é n I l ss . o c o an o we . e g , g , . , , g , g , , b s o rw gina , f . net . m - s t a m a s t ab r m m i e r n o . co s e t er . a. r . of s a é see s b , g , g , p g g (

ai nt c ar e accusation . 93 not pl , h g , 5 1 , e m o e n r u a oh en w e . I ta ke oéh a n re . see bb , , , , V, .

f. s a ccount o o or roe sér . h , m or on m ar e n we . I t ou s e h h i l r m ba k c . sac . , , , h , , g, m mo e . s éh s nu . six v , r u s t e n we . I ad orn make ri t . s eh s t o n u m Si t . , , , gh , . x h r um r ue l a nt . s ei d m . snar e . , i (p ) , s él a i sou , f . l .

s él b o r . i s e se . , p ( p ) , lf 8 .

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1 70 OL D H I GH GERMAN P RI MER

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t a am u os m . dinner . t r ou w a t r i u w a ait . g , , , rf. f h d t r i n k e n d r i t a r n on k i t a r n a u w e . I i e nk a n re . I I I d rin k , , , h , , , , . i ff f concea . t r o an t r i o a n re . d r o . l , , II, p

t at d i t . d eed . t r ot dr of s . dr o s tr en thenin , , rf , ( p) , g g

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t oi d e il m m . art s a r e . t r oh t i n ree t r uh t in . l, , p , h ,

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s a r r ei conso e one a out . h e. , l b h d r uh in t r i r m m a L at em um m tr u t i n t oh t n . t e . t . p l ( pl ) , , , , m t em e . aster L ord God . pl , , m b a w m t o of t i n f a . d ee . t r u i tr u et . , , j p , j p

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it u r m t i t im i hh a t un ih a w t uni . t . t e . . c r o e l , l , , f , b t iu f r ee t oof. t u nk al d a n k a a . dar k u nc ea r . , , l, j , l iu f l l u o da f l u h m m t a t iu v a r m . d e il . t . . t oc u . , , v h ( p ) , ’ t iu fi i d i u f i s d e t . c ot . , , f . p h l h t i u r on d i ur on we I ori t u om d u a m r n . ud ment . , , . , gl fy . , , j g mm n i ur i d i i t u o o d u om m on we . I t ur i a . cost r ec o us , , j ly, p . , , , d t iur i d a s or . u e . , f gl y j g n u n d n nom d o i u r i s t u o d o u a e . a . t on d i u r is 6 n we . I I ori , , , gl fy , , , , t d d ot d ot r m d e a mak e t u on l os un a d e i er o . t , , h , h . ; g , l v , t o t d oh t : tn ess ualifica r ed eem . h , , y fi , q u r a r n t ion . t , d u r a , doo ; i n d u r o ,

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1 74 OL D H I GH GERMAN P RI MER

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