and Punishment- Medieval England- 1000-1500 Case Study: The Church

Key terms/ concepts- Law enforcement and policing

Hue and Cry Hue and cry is raised, entire village must down tools and join the hung to find the criminal or the whole village pays a fine to the local court. Tithing Based on loyalty. 10 members over the age of 12 are all responsible for each other's behaviour.

Collective All individuals are responsible for one another's behaviour- reliant on loyalty and binds everyone together. Responsibility First appointed in 1215, keeps peace in spare time as a volunteer and leads the hue and cry.

Sheriff Him and his posse are used if the hue and cry has failed. Any male over the age of 15 could be summoned to join the posse. Justice of the Peace Appointed centrally by the King and had the power to find, bind and arrest people.

Coroner Investigates unnatural deaths

Trial by Ordeal Used if a Jury can’t decide. Leave the verdict up to God. All trials except for trial by cold water take place in the Church. Ends use in 1215 Trial by Jury Made up of 12 men from the village who knew the accused and the accuser. They would hear evidence before reaching a verdict. Manor Courts Used for disputes between the lord of the manor and the local people e.g. person not carrying out their duties for the lord Royal Courts and Dealt with the most serious cases and held 2-3 times year. The judges visited each twice a year to Royal Judges hear the most serious cases. Church Courts Dealt with moral and used punishments to reform.

Sanctuary Churches giving protection to those accused of crimes Crime and Punishment- Medieval England- 1000-1500

Key terms/ concepts- punishments

Botgild Compensation given for injury given to the victim

Wergild A fine paid to the murder victim’s family Key terms/ concepts- crimes/ laws

Murdru Introduced under William the Moral Crimes that don’t physically harm people m Fine Conqueror, the whole village must pay a Crimes but aren’t seen as decent behaviour fine if a Norman is killed Poaching Illegally hunting on someone’s land Capital The death penalty Punishm Forest Introduced by William. Saxons were not ent laws allowed to hunt deer or take wood without a licence. Corporal Punishment which causes physical pain Punishm ent

Key People

William I First Norman King ( invades 1066) , introduced feudalism and the Forest Laws. Henry II King who reorganised courts and quarrelled with the church. Crime and Punishment- Early Modern England 1500-1700 Case Studies: Gunpowder Plot, Matthew Hopkins Key terms/ concepts- crimes/ laws

Vagrancy Crime of being unemployed/ homeless Key terms/ concepts- punishments Smuggling Illegally bringing in goods to avoid Bloody Massive increase in the number of crimes paying a tax Code punishable by death. Treason The crime of plotting or acting to Transport Punishment where criminals are sent to overthrow or harm the ruler or ation faraway colonies e.g. North America country Heresy The crime of having religious beliefs Key terms/ concepts- policing that were different to the official religion of the country Town Had powers to arrest suspected Constable criminals and turn them in to the courts Poaching Hunting on private land ( after land was enclosed- fenced off for the exclusive Watchmen Patrolled streets at night to try and use of the landowner) prevent crime Witchcraft Using supernatural powers, usually to curse or harm another person Key People

Matthew Hopkins Witch finder General- launched witch hunts

James I Survived the Gunpower Plot- wrote Demonologie ( study of witchcraft)

Mary I Burnt 283 Protestants for heresy

Robert Catesby Leader of the gunpowder plot (1605) .

Guy Fawkes Discovered with the gunpowder, executed with gunpowder plotters Crime and Punishment- Industrial Britain 1700-1900 Case Studies: Pentonville Prison, Robert Peel, Tolpuddle Key terms/ concepts- crimes/ laws Martyrs Key terms/ concepts- punishments Highway Using force to steal money or property from travellers Transportation Punishment where criminals are sent to faraway colonies e.g. Australia Key terms/ concepts- policing Pentonville The model for all “separate system” Prison prisons. Bow First professional police force Separate system Focused on giving prisoners time to Street organised by the Fielding brothers. Reform reflect on their crime and use religion to Runners Paid to patrol the reform their ways. Spent 22 hours in their streets cell alone. Metropoli Set up by Robert Peel. The first Silent system Attitude had changed. Prisoners couldn’t tan Police fully paid, trained and uniformed Deter be reformed so wanted to deter them police force. through “hard board/ labour/ fare”.

Key People

Elizabeth Fry Campaigned for prison reforms

John Howard Published “state of prisons” book

Robert Peel Founder of Met police (1829) and helped pass the Gaols Act ( 1823).

Tolpuddle Martyrs Arrested for taking a secret oath after forming a trade union to improve working conditions. Fielding Brothers Introduced the first organised police force- Bow Street Runners Crime and Punishment- Modern Britain 1900- present Case Studies: Derek Bentley, Conscientious Objectors Key terms/ concepts- crimes/ laws

Hate crime Motivated by prejudice against a victim’s race, gender, disability etc.

Domestic Violence within a relationship Key terms/ concepts- punishments violence

Death Abolished in 1999 completely as Conscientious Refuses to join the army on religious/ moral penalty ideas about punishment had changed. objectors grounds Prison Continued to be used as a punishment but Driving Offences Due to huge number of vehicles on the road now vary dependant on the crime. Try to new crimes e.g. speeding, driving without focus on rehabilitation. insurance etc. Borstals Set up in early 1900s, used work and Key terms/ concepts- policing education to reduce male youth re- Police specialisation Police are divided into specialist units to offending rates. tackle specific crimes e.g. Special Branch tackle terrorism PSCO Community officers who focus on prevention of crime Neighbourhood Community groups who raise awareness of Watch crime and look out for each other.

Key People

Derek Bentley 18 year old controversially executed for murder when he did not fire the gun, a 16 year old did. “Let him have it” Ruth Ellis Hung for murdering her violent and abusive boyfriend

Timothy Evans Hung for the murder of his wife and child. Later proven he was innocent. Whitechapel

Key Dates Key Words

1829 Metropolitan Police force established H Division Branch of the Metropolitan police responsible for Whitechapel 1842 Set up of CID Whitechapel District in East End of London, 35% of residents 1867 Terrorist attacks increase hatred of Irish lived in utter poverty immigrants 1870 Dr. Barnardo opens first orphanage for street Sanitation Conditions associated with public health children 1881 Peabody Housing estate opened- providing Slums Poor quality housing, houses converted into flats flats to people of Whitechapel that were overcrowded and dirty 1887 “Bloody Sunday” Protests Workhouses Accommodation that gave work and shelter to the 1888 Year of the Ripper murders poor. Kept conditions bad to ensure it was a last resort. Socialists People who wanted wealth shared out fairly and Key People wanted a revolution to change the structure of society. Charles Warren Met Police Commissioner who called in the army to control violent protests Watch A group of local politicians or law professionals set controversially Committee up to monitor the work of police forces Marry Anne The victims of the Ripper murders Nichols, Annie Vigilance A group of local volunteers who patrolled the Chapman, Committee streets of London's Whitechapel District during the Elizabeth Stride, period of the Whitechapel murders of 1888. The Catherine volunteers patrolled mainly at night in the search of Eddows, Mary the murderer. Jane Kelly