Indus Kohistani Dictionary: Body Parts, Bodily Processes, Sickness and Medicine Beate Lubberger SIL-UND

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

Volume 56 Article 1

2016 Indus Kohistani Dictionary: Body Parts, Bodily Processes, Sickness and Medicine Beate Lubberger SIL-UND

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Recommended Citation Lubberger, Beate (2016) "Indus Kohistani Dictionary: Body Parts, Bodily Processes, Sickness and Medicine," Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session: Vol. 56 , Article 1. DOI: 10.31356/silwp.vol56.01 Available at: https://commons.und.edu/sil-work-papers/vol56/iss1/1

This Lexicon is brought to you for free and open access by UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session by an authorized editor of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Indus Kohistani Dictionary: Body Parts, Bodily Processes, Sickness and Medicine Beate Lubberger

This paper contributes to the description of the Indus Kohistani language of Pakistan by presenting a list of terms—along with their English glosses—that are used in this language to refer to body parts, bodily processes, sickness and medicine.[1] [2]

1. Introduction

Indus Kohistani (ISO 639-3 code [mvy]) has been classified as belonging to the Central (Kohistani) group of the Dardic languages within the North-Western branch of Indo-Aryan and, at a higher level, as Indo-Iranian and Indo-European. Indus Kohistani is spoken in district Kohistan of the Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan (formerly called the “North-West Frontier Province”); geographically the language area is situated in the Western Himalayas, along the Western bank of the river Indus and in several side valleys. The number of speakers was estimated to be about 200,000 in 1981 (Hallberg 1992). A language survey was done in 1992 (Hallberg); and a preliminary phonological and morphological analysis was published in 1999 (Hallberg & Hallberg). Zoller (2005) published a dictionary of Indus Kohistani. Indus Kohistani has two main dialects: the Kandia-Dubair dialect, spoken in the two longest side valleys; and the dialect spoken in settlements near the river Indus. However, as there is no standardized language so far, each village and even each family speak their own variety of the main dialects. The data used in this paper are from the variety spoken in Pattan, a village near the river Indus. They consist of a body of oral texts collected between 2000 and 2009[3]; most of them are from my main language consultant, a female Indus Kohistani speaker. These texts are complemented by conversations within the extended family of the above mentioned speaker, recorded between 2010 and 2016.[4] All data have been transcribed and translated by me. Indus Kohistani is a fairly typical SOV language (Hallberg & Hallberg 1999, Lubberger 2014). With the exception of transitive verbs that are marked for perfective aspect, verbs agree with their subjects. The verbs in this paper are in present-tense singular masculine form, that is, they display the ending -aa-/oo-/ee-nt. Where the subject of a verb has feminine gender, the verb shows the present-tense singular feminine ending -ai-/oi-/ii-nt. The transcription of Indus Kohistani data is, with a few exceptions, based on the “Standard Orientalist” transcription (Masica 1991:XV); some symbols borrowed from the IPA have been added. The tables below show those symbols that are used in this paper that differ from the IPA symbols.

Consonants

IPA ʈ ɖ ɳ ŋ ɽ ʃ ʂ t͡s ʧ ʈ͡ʂ ʒ ʐ aspirated cons., eg. tʰ my transcription ṭ ḍ ṇ nɡ ṛ š ṣ ts č c̣ ž ẓ th

Vowels

IPA a, aː ã, ãː my transcription a, aa ã, ãã

One of the most noticeable phonological processes going on in Indus Kohistani is that of palatalization. This means that a word-final short vowel i, most often the feminine marker, tends to be realized as palatalization and pre-palatalization of the preceding consonant. For instance the word tshàali ‘goat’ will be pronounced as tshàaʸlʸ, the word wàri ‘belly’ as wèrʸ. In this paper, only main entries that are undergoing this process are followed by the word as it is pronounced in square brackets. For other pre-palatalized terms ending on a short vowel /-i/, such as the feminine form of adjectives, the pronunciation has not been added. Like some of its neighboring languages, Indus Kohistani has pitch accent, i.e. one high tone per word. On long vowels and on short vowels followed by sonorants, the pitch accent is perceived as either rising or falling, depending on whether the accent is on the first or second mora. In this paper I follow Zoller (2005) in that a rising tone is represented with an acute accent as in á and aá, and a falling tone with a grave accent as in à and àa.

Abbreviations adj = adjective, f = feminine, m = masculine, n = noun, pl = plural, v = verb.

References

Hallberg, Daniel G. 1992. The languages of Indus Kohistan. In Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Languages of Kohistan. Vol. 1, edited by Calvin R. Rensch, Sandra J. Decker and Daniel G. Hallberg. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics. Hallberg, Daniel G. and Calinda E. Hallberg. 1999. Indus Kohistani: A Preliminary Phonological and Morphological Analysis. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics. Lubberger, Beate. 2014. A Description and Analysis of Four Metarepresentation Markers of Indus Kohistani. MA thesis. SIL - University of North Dakota. http://arts-sciences.und.edu/summer- institute-of-linguistics/theses/_files/docs/2014-lubberger-beate.pdf. Masica, Colin P. 1991. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Moser, Mary B. and Stephen A. Marlett. 1998. Seri dictionary: body parts, bodily processes, sickness and medicine. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session. Volume 42. http://arts-sciences.und.edu/summer-institute-of-linguistics/work- papers/_files/docs/1998-moser-marlett-body.pdf. Zoller, Claus Peter. 2005. A Grammar and Dictionary of Indus Kohistan. Vol. 1: Dictionary. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 3

[1] Many thanks are due to my main language consultant and her extended family; without them this paper would not have been written. [2] Moser and Marlett’s 1998 paper provided the inspiration for the current work. [3] The corpus includes 105 texts of varying length: the shortest ones consist of 20 sentences, the longest ones of 530 sentences. Average length is between 100 and 200 sentences. [4] I also used the SIL semantic domains questionnaire, section “Person”, retrieved from http://www.semdom.org/v4/2. 4

Part 1: Indus Kohistani - English a

ác̣ |n| tear aràs (fem aràsi) |adj| bland, insipid, weak [asĩĩ̀ ác̣ eént tears come zùuli aràsi thi ‘her curry is bland’] ác̣ pooràant fill with tears [ẽẽ̀ ác̣ pooráthe ‘his asàa |n| pregnancy-related symptoms such as eyes are filled with tears‘] nausea, vomiting, food craving, emotional ups- ác̣ waánt tears run down and-downs [ṹ asàa karàint ‘she has food ac̣ikòo [ayc̣kòo] |n| wink [ṹ ac̣ikòo deént ‘he is craving’] winking (at sb)’] aspá |n| a range of diseases with skin ac̣hiirraínt |v| wean [ṹ tãã̀ maasúm ac̣hirraínt manifestations such as mottled skin, blue/dark ‘she is weaning her child’] spots. same as ˈhasbaˈ in Hindko? Zoller: from adùus karàant clean oneself after urinating or Psht. meaning ˈcholeraˈ. aspa is believed to be defecating the cause for miscarriages alũũ̀ |adj| saltless, sugarless aspá šaraìnt bleed vaginally, first symptom of anɡòo (fr. var. anɡúṭ1) |n| thumb miscarriage anɡòo c̣uuṣàant suck one's thumb pìil aspá jaundice, lit. yellow aspa anɡùi |n| 1) finger 2) toe aspatàal |n| hospital anɡùyãã bánd knuckle ašaartiá karàant sign, use sign language anɡùyãã ẓuúk |n| fingertip aṣènɡ [aṣèŋ] |n| hollow of the knee anɡùyõõ ṭás karàant crack one's knuckles [ṹ tãĩ̀ aṣènɡãĩ raɡiá hamstrings anɡùyõõ ṭás karàant ‘he is cracking his atshàk kùl |n| abscess nuckles‘] atshìk sũũ̀ |n| nightmare, bad dream kiṭìiš aŋɡùi the small finger/small toe awàaz |n| voice [asĩĩ̀ awàaz dhaizíthu ‘he has a mhazwàali aŋɡùi the middle finger/middle toe hoarse voice’] anɡúṭ2 [aŋɡúṭ] |n| thumb [tu mĩĩ̀ aŋɡúṭ dhaí ‘try to awàaz badál hoónt the voice is breaking attack me if you dare’] awàaz karàant raise one's voice [ṹ tãã̀ awàaz anɡúṭ ṣayaánt give one's finger print [ṹ tãã̀ karàant ‘he is raising his voice‘] anɡúṭ ṣayaánt ‘he is giving his finger print‘] ɡhõõ̀ awàaz loud voice [ṹ ɡhõõ̀ awàaz hin anɡúṭ ṣayaayaánt take sb's fingerprint [ṹ mĩĩ̀ baaliá manàant ‘he is speaking with a loud anɡúṭ ṣayaayaánt ‘he is taking my voice‘] fingerprint‘] ṭhùl awàaz deep voice [asĩĩ̀ ṭhùl awàaz thu ‘he apareešán |n| operation has a deep voice‘] ɡhõõ̀ apareešán |n| cesarean section tsùn awàaz high-pitched voice [ṣás aphòi |n| chickenpox ɡharimaaṣãã̀ tsùn awàaz thu ‘this woman has a high-pitched voice‘]

ããc̣í [ããýc̣ʸ] (pl. ããc̣ìi) |n| eye [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi tsùni ããc̣ìãã mac̣uú |n| pupil (and everything around hoínt ‘his eyes are small (said of old people/of it) people from East Asia)’, asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi ṭànḍ lak thi ããc̣ìãã mázãã ɡuúṭ |n| inner corner of eye ‘his eyes are popping out of his head’] ããc̣ìi bánd karàant close eyes ããc̣ìãã bálap |n| pupil of eye ããc̣ìi ɡanḍàant blindfold (sb) ããc̣ìãã khiŋɡãã̀ ɡuúṭ |n| outer corner of eye ããc̣ìi ɡhaṣàant rub one's eyes 5 ããc̣bíṣí

ããc̣ìi khulàa karàant open eyes ããc̣ìõõ paṛdàa |n| cataract, lit. 'curtain of the eye' ããc̣ìi marooṭàant rub one's eyes [ṹ tãĩ̀ ããc̣ìi [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìõõ paṛdàa iíthu ‘he has got marooṭàant ‘he is rubbing his eyes‘] cataracts‘] ããc̣ìi máṛaq karàant glance, have a glance at tãĩ̀ ããc̣ìõõ tal hàt deént shade one's eyes ããc̣ìi phirwaánt roll one's eyes [ṹ tãĩ̀ ããc̣ìi ek-ac̣iàa (comp.) (fem ek-ac̣iàai) |adj| one-eyed phirwaánt ‘he is rolling his eyes‘] (m) ããc̣ìi phirzàint eyes roll [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi phirzàint ããẓ́ (pl. ãẓá) |n| gut, intestine ‘his eyes are rolling‘] ãĩ̀ |n| mouth ããc̣ìi puliaánt close one's eyes ãĩ̀ baatiriaánt open one's mouth ããc̣ìi ráp-rap karàant blink one's eyes [ũ tãĩ̀ ãĩ̀ patsàint have a sore mouth [asĩĩ̀ ãĩ̀ patsithi ããc̣ìi ráp-rap karàant ‘he is blinking his ‘his mouth is sore‘] eyes‘] ãĩ̀ šišíthi have a dry mouth ããc̣ìi ṭáq karàant stare, gape ãĩ̀ tal hàa deént 1) cover one's mouth 2) gag (sb) ããc̣ìi ṭìir hoínt is cross-eyed [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi ṭìir ãĩ̀ wìi ayaánt make (sb's) mouth water hoínt ‘he is cross-eyed‘] ãĩaǹ bíri iínt have froth coming out of the ããc̣ìi ṭháp-ṭhap hoínt eyes blink [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi mouth ṭháp-ṭhap hoínt ‘his eyes are blinking‘] ãĩaǹ bíri nikaínt have froth coming out of the ããc̣ìi wáha dhayàant lower one's eyes/gaze mouth ããc̣ìoon wìi beént eyes water ãĩaǹ ɡhãã̀ deént have bad breath ḍhìil ãĩ̀ big/wide mouth b bàad |n| gas, wind bánd zaí aánt reset a joint [tabìib asĩĩ̀ bánd ãí bàad waínt pass wind aánt ‘the traditional healer is resetting his baadií maráz |n| tetany of hands, lit. 'illness of joint‘] the wind' dhaizèel bánd stiff joint bàal1 |n| hair báq-baq karàant 1) retch 2) |vt| make happy? bàal nikaánt hair falls out baqaí |n| kind of diarrhea, with vomiting and kaw̃àl bàal fine hair fever, contagious, dangerous kirɡìṭ bàal curly hair báras |n| vitiligo koròṭ bàal thick hair bársãã phápaṭ |n| white scale (of skin) phàrzõõ bàal pubic hair lit. 'hair of obligation' barnàal |n| ointment in a tube ṣũũṣ̀ bàal straight hair bašár |n| face [tú tãã̀ bašará wãĩ sài karà, thòp baarìik zaí genitals, lit. 'delicate place' hoóthu ‘look at your face, it is dirty’] bàaṭ |n| 1) stomach 2) crop (of bird) bàṭ |adj| strong, robust, firm [ṹ bàṭ màaṣ thu ‘he badán |n| body is a tough, strong man’] bahaár |n| excrement beehòoš manàant is delirious ɡhõõ̀ bahaár feces behòoš hoónt faint, become unconscious tsùn bahaár urine behoošìi |n| 1) anaesthesia 2) unconsciousness bakhũĩ̀ |n| forearm behoošĩĩ̀ sùi deént give an anaesthetic injection bálap |n| 1) bulb 2) pupil (of eye) bephíkara hoónt 1) faint 2) is careless, carefree? balɣám |n| sputum bimàar |adj| ill bánd2 |n| joint bisàak |n| traditional toothbrush, Urdu 'miswaak' bánd nikaánt the joint becomes dislocated bíṣ |n| poison bòol 6 bòol |n| excrement, excretion mourning/depressed bòoli beént defecate bús deént |v| suppurate, drain (abscess) [rosãĩ̀ ɡhõõ̀ bòol feces lit. 'big excretion' bús diínt ‘the abscess is suppurating’, maasúm ɡhõõ̀ bòolãĩ zaí anus bús deént ‘the child is sulking’] bòor (fem bòori) |adj| hard of hearing buṭaínt |v| plait (hair) xàas bòor completely deaf buúc̣h |n| hunger [miiɡeé sáx buúc̣h iíthu ‘I am buc̣hòo (fem buc̣hài; buc̣hèe) |adj| hungry very hungry’] buɣmá |n| kind of tumor, palpable lump in upper buurí hoónt become deaf abdomen, occurs when sb is

bh bhaanɡáṛ |n| collarbone, clavicle bhaṛàas ukaínt burp [asĩĩ̀ bhaṛàas ukaínt ‘he is bhàaṣ |n| air (in lungs, in tyres etc), air exhaled burping‘] [ṭhèeran bhàaṣ nikaínt ‘the tyre is losing air’] bhayàak |n| (watery) diarrhea [asĩĩ̀ bhayàak thi bhaaṣàant |v| blow (into sth) ‘he has diarrhea’] bhaaṣkaál |n| frozen breath bhayàant |v| sit, sit down [tú bhaí ‘sit down’] bhaaṣzàant |mv| 1) swell [asĩĩ̀ khuúr bhaaṣzíthu bhèeṭ thu (fem bhèeṭ thi; pl bhèeṭ the) is sitting ‘his leg is swollen’] 2) is in a huff, is [ũ šẽẽ̀ tal bhèeṭ thu ‘he is sitting on the string cross/angry [ṹ mìn bhaaṣzìil thi ‘she is cross bed’] with me, doesn't talk to me’] bhóq (fr. var. bháq) |n| belch [asĩĩ̀ bhóq iínt ‘he is bhápaṭ (fem bhápaṭi) |adj| fat belching’, ṹ bhóq karàant ‘he is belching’] bhaṛàas |n| burp č

čaaṛàa (fem čaaṛìi) |adj| mute čipèel (fem čipìil) |adj| replete, full [sãĩ ́ čipèel češmìi |n| glasses the ‘they are full‘] češmìi deént wear glasses [màaṣe češmìi čìṭ |adj| 1) rancid, smelly 2) very spicy, hot 3) deéthe ‘the man is wearing glasses‘] bitter 4) bad (a person's character), quick to be čičuú |n| 1) penis of small boy 2) pacifier angry čikìi deént gulp, down (water/fluids) [ṹ wìi čikìi čóṭ |n| bottom deént ‘he is downing water’] čõõṭìi |n| plait, big braid čipàant |v| is replete, full [ṹ čipíthu ‘he is full’] čh

čhaapìi |n| pressing massage čhaapìi karàant give a pressing massage c̣ c̣ìi-tsaaṛ |n| diarrhea and vomiting [asií c̣ìi-tsaaṛ c̣iṣá hoónt become thirsty iíthi ‘he has diarrhea and vomiting’] c̣iṣòo (fem c̣iṣài; pl c̣iṣèe) |adj| thirsty c̣iíṣ |n| thirst [màaṣi c̣iíṣ eént ‘the man is thirsty, c̣ùk deént stitch up (a wound) lit. 'thirst comes to the man'’] c̣uuṣàant |v| suck 7 duyèe c̣hiír

c̣h c̣hiír |n| milk c̣hiràn tsiṭàint wean, lit. 'cut off from milk' c̣hiír lòṭ hoóthu have engorged breast, lit. 'milk ḍapṭõõ̀ c̣hiír |n| formula, lit. 'box/packet milk' has become a lump' tãã̀ c̣hiír puyaínt |v| breastfeed, nurse c̣hiràn áti karàint wean c̣hirdaná |n| milk teeth d daá (pl. daí) |n| moxibustion, traditional dài man ḍòonɡ cleft in chin treatment dál-dal hoónt (fr. var. dál-phal hoónt) |v| 1) crawl daá deént (fr. var. daí deént) perform (baby) 2) move with great difficulty moxibustion [ṹ dàn tal daí deént ‘he is dám |n| 1) breath 2) blowing while reciting a applying moxibustion to an aching tooth‘] certain surah daí iíthi symptoms of an illness of infants: livid dám deént die, breathe one's last mottled skin, grunting, seizures dám ɡalàant 1) perform magical blowing 2) dàan (pl. dàn; pl. dàna) |n| tooth [asĩĩ̀ dàn tàl- breathe the breath of life (God into man) tsoor the ‘he has crooked teeth’, mĩĩ̀ ék dàan wìi dám karàant blow on water while reciting a khaazíthu ‘one of my teeth has a cavity’, mĩĩ̀ certain surah. traditional treatment for babies; ék dàn maz bòond hoóthu ‘I have a cavity in they or their mothers then have to drink the one of my teeth’] water bàṭ dàna permanent teeth dandaasá |n| walnut husk used to color lips and dàan waánt lose a tooth gums dàan waṭàant extract a tooth dandrasá |n| gums dàn ɡalàant 1) knock (sb's) teeth out 2) put in dandrás tsirìil thi cleft palate (the anterior part false teeth of the palate) dàn ɡaliaánt get false teeth dár-dar hoónt |v| shiver, shake dàn karoónt pick one's teeth dawaí |n| medicine dàn ṭás deént bring upper and lower teeth dazàant 1) |mv| burn 2) |vi| get frostbite together with a click (once) dazèelãã ṭíkar |n| scar of burn dàn ṭás-ṭas hoónt the teeth are chattering dázõõ |n| excrutiating pain like the pain when dàn tsapàant gnash teeth [nìiẓ man ũ dàn one has been burnt [miiɡeé dázõõ ṣazíthu ‘I tsapàant ‘he gnashes his teeth while have excrutiating pain/burning’] sleeping‘] dimàaɣ |n| brain dànãĩ naá root of tooth dodòl |n| measles [dodòl ukaithe ‘measles have dànõõ búruš toothbrush broken out’] dànõõ ṭuúp toothpaste dókh |n| groan, grunt [làk maasúm dókh deént dànõõ zhùuk toothache ‘the baby is grunting’] muṭhãã̀ dàna incisors dókh deént |v| groan, grunt tàal dàna upper teeth dukaaṇá |n| crutch [ṹ dukaaṇõõ̀ hin tilàant ‘he is tsòor dàna lower teeth walking with crutches’] dàaru |n| traditional medicine duyèe |n| twins [asĩĩ̀ duyèe peedàa huúthe ‘she dac̣hàt (fem dac̣hàti) |adj| right-handed has given birth to twins’] dài |n| 1) chin [asĩĩ̀ tsòor mùt dài nikaíthi ‘he has got a double chin’] 2) beard dharàant 8

dh dharàant |v| 1) remain 2) get pregnant [ṹ dharàint bakùl dhút full lips naii ‘she does not get pregnant’] dhút karàant turn up one's mouth dhẽẽs̀ |n| breath [ṹ dhẽẽs̀ hin babalá thu ‘he is dhút khác̣ karàant wipe one's mouth panting/puffing’, ṹ dhẽẽs̀ hin hík-hik thu ‘he is dhút lamaánt sulk, lit. 'hang one's lips' panting/puffing/gasping for breath’] dhút pháṣ-phaṣ hoónt mumble, mutter dhẽẽs̀ bánd karàant hold one's breath dhút ráp-rap hoónt mutter, mumble dhẽẽs̀ hin babalá hoónt pant, puff, gasp for dhút tsák karàant smack lips (for instance to breath taste food) dhẽẽs̀ hin hík-hik hoónt pant, puff, gasp for dhút ẓikiraínt pout one's lips breath tàal dhuút upper lip dhẽẽs̀ iínt is breathless tsirèel dhuút hare lip dhẽẽs̀ karàant breathe, breathe in and out tsòor dhuút lower lip dhẽẽsãã̀ mašín |n| respirator tsùn dhút thin lips dhuút (pl. dhút) |n| 1) lip 2) beak/bill of bird ḍ

ḍàa |n| back ḍanḍá1 |n| figure, physique [asĩĩ̀ ḍanḍá suɡàa thu ḍàa ɡhuraánt turn one's back ‘he has a good figure’] ḍàa khinɡír hoónt have hunchback, scoliosis ḍanɡuí [ḍaŋɡuí] |n| 1) small hole 2) fontanel ḍàa marák karàant turn one's back ḍaràap |n| IV drip [ṹ ḍaràap ṣayaánt ‘he starts an ḍàan wìi nheelàant do a spinal tap I.V. drip’] ḍãã̀ hàaṛ |n| spine ḍaràap šayaánt |v| start an I.V. drip tsùn ḍàa waist ḍh

ḍháṛ |n| body height ḍháṛ ɡalàant grow up fast ɡ

ɡaaḍiṭuú |n| 1) small car 2) wheelchair ɡirbát hoónt |v| feel dizzy [ṹ ɡirbát huúthu ‘he is ɡáb |n| uterus, womb feeling dizzy’] ɡabãã̀ dhút lips of vulva, labia ɡíru |n| dizziness ɡanžàa |adj| bald ɡíru eént feel dizzy [asĩĩ̀ ɡíru eént ‘he is feeling ɡarmìãã kùl heat rash dizzy‘] ɡarmìãã kùl nikaánt get a heat rash [mií tal ɡòoṭ |n| skin ɡarmìãã kùl nikaíthe ‘I have got a heat rash‘] ɡotsùts (fem ɡotsùtsi) |adj| wrinkled ɡaṛàant |v| defecate ɡupìi |n| hip joint ɡèes |n| gas, wind ɡupìiãã hàaṛ head of thighbone ɡèesã ̃ bimaarì bloating ɡuulìi |n| pill ɡèṇ (fem ɡèṇi) |adj| stout, plump ɡũũ̀ |n| feces, excrement 9 ɡũũphoóhalaalií

ɡũũphoó |n| stye [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìa tal ɡũũphoó nikaíthi ‘he has got a stye’]

ɡh

ɡhaál |n| bruise, injury (with bleeding) ɡhãã̀ deént |v| smell, be smelly [asìn ɡhãã̀ deént ɡhaal-bazeél (fem ɡhaal-baziíl) |adj| injured ‘he is smelly‘] ɡhanḍaá (pl. ɡhanḍaí) |n| 1) knot 2) callus on ɡhãã̀ karàant |v| smell (sth) [má phùnḍoon ɡhãã̀ hands, corn on feet 3) lower part of backside karàant ‘I smell the flowers‘] of skull [mĩĩ̀ ɡhaṇḍaí man zhùuk thi ‘I have ɡhunḍaánt |v| doze, be half-asleep pain in the back of my head’] 4) the bulge of ɡhùunḍ |n| ankle skin caused by creasing one's forehead ɡhùunḍãã bánd ankle joint ɡhãã̀ |n| smell ɡhùunḍãã hàaṛ ankle bone, outer protrusion of ankle bone

ɣár-ɣar karàant 1) gurgle (baby) 2) mumble? ɣònḍii ukhaalàant grab (sb) by the throat ɣáru |n| goiter ɣoṭàa |n| seizure ɣarùu (fem ɣarùi) |adj| with goiter ɣoṭàa eént have a seizure [ás tal ɣoṭàa eént ‘he ɣaṛámbu khaánt |v| gobble, wolf down has seizures/epilepsy‘] ɣònḍ (ɣònḍi) |n| Adam's apple [ṹ mĩĩ̀ ɣònḍii aánt mirɡìãã ɣoṭàa grand mal seizure ‘he is getting on my nerves’] ɣúndur |adj| fat ɣònḍii dhayàant [ɣòʸnḍi] strangle (sb), choke ɣurúṭ karàant swallow solid food (sb) [ẽẽ̀ tasĩĩ̀ ɣònḍi dhaí sàa bánd karáthe ‘he ɣùruz (ɣùrza) |adj| corpulent/fat [asĩĩ̀ dhiiá bùṭ has killed him by strangling him’] ɣùrza thi ‘all her daughters are fat’] h hàa (pl. hàt) |n| 1) hand [mĩĩ̀ hàa darãã̀ man hàtãĩ talìi palm of hand tsapzíthu ‘my hand got caught in the door’, hàtõõ bàad iíthi have stiff hands, have spasm in mĩĩ̀ hàa darãã̀ man zakzíthu ‘my hand was hands caught/crushed in the door’, darããè mĩĩ̀ hàa hàtõõ dùu liindìi radius and ulna, the two bones zakáthe ‘the door caught/crushed my hand’] of the forearm 2) arm including hand khabùu hàa 1) left hand 2) left arm dac̣hõõ̀ hàa right hand, right arm hàaṛ |n| bone [asĩĩ̀ ek hàaṛ šaríthu ‘he has broken ek-hatiàa (fem ek-hatiàai) |adj| one-armed, a bone’] one-handed haɡaár |n| sigh hàa deént 1) shake hands 2) feel with one's haɡaár deént sigh, lit. 'give a sigh' [ṹ haɡaár hand the temperature of sth deént ‘he is sighing‘] hàa milaá baṛɡáṛ karàant shake hands halaalií |n| heart hàa taráp karàant clap hands once asĩĩ̀ halaalií dhaizìil thi he is stingy, miserly hàa taráp-tarap karàant clap hands repeatedly asĩĩ̀ halaalií ɡhãĩ̀ thi he is generous, patient, hàtãã bánd wrist gentle, lit. 'he has a big heart' halaalií 10

asĩĩ̀ halaalií lik thi he is miserly, impatient, hìiu dazàant have heartburn quick to anger, lit. ˈhis heart is smallˈ hìiu dhaizàant have a bad chest, cough halaalií hin xapàa hoónt is sad from the depths hìiu ṣõàant auscultate the heart of one's heart hìiu-dhaizĩĩ̀ bimaarìi asthma, chronic cough kasĩĩ̀ halaalií man bòond karàant is very hĩĩ̀ ḍònɡi [hĩĩ̀ ḍòyŋʸ] hollow below the resentful, envious towards sb, lit. 'make a breastbone hole in sb's heart' asĩĩ̀ hìiu bánd thu he is mislery, lit. 'his heart is mĩĩ̀ halaalií pàak thi I have a clear conscience, closed' lit. 'my heart is clean' asĩĩ̀ hìiu kamzòor thu he is miserly, lit. 'his ṣás baál halaalií hara! (say.) take to heart, heart is weak' ponder this! asĩĩ̀ hìiu làk thu he is miserly, lit. 'his heart is hapìiz |adj| blind small' hár hoónt |v| wake up asĩĩ̀ hìiu khulàa thu he is generous, lit. 'his hár karàant |v| wake up (sb) heart is open' harɡàli [harɡàylʸ] |n| cheekbone baaliá tãã̀ hìi man tshaánt keep things to hasàant |v| laugh oneself, lit. 'puts words in one's heart' hát-khura |n| limbs hírpiṭ hoónt |v| 1) drown 2) suffocate 3) be háṭpheel |n| heart attack crushed háṭpheel hoónt have a heart attack [ṹ háṭpheel hiṛík |n| hiccup hoóthu ‘he has had a heart attack‘] hiṛík iínt have hiccup [asĩĩ̀ hiṛík iínt ‘he has hèel |n| breast hiccup‘] hèel puyaínt breastfeed hòoš |n| consciousness hiiɡùuṭ (sp. var. hiuɡùuṭ) |n| chest part of torso hòoš man thu is conscious hìiu |n| lower part of chest, region of the heart hòoši eént come round, come to one's senses [hìiu ḍhám-ḍham hoónt ‘the heart is beating’, hudàa |n| magical blowing/breathing hìiu bhák-bhak hoónt ‘the heart is beating hudàa karàant perform magical blowing quickly/is pounding’, hìiu tìiz deént ‘the heart húpi biínt swallow the wrong way [mĩĩ̀ húpi is beating quickly’] bazíthi ‘I have swallowed (sth) the wrong hìiãã hàaṛ breastbone, sternum way’] hìiu dazaánt have compassion i iíṣ karàant |v| suck in (air), gulp [ṹ wìi iíṣ-iiṣ ilàaži [ilàayžʸ] |n| treatment karàant ‘he is gulping down/knocking back the ilàaži karàant treat (disease) water’] iṣṭòor |n| pharmacy k kaaí |n| 1) gastric/epigastric region [mĩĩ̀ kaaí kaáṇ diínt |v| is itching [asĩĩ̀ kaáṇ diínt/asií tal diínt ‘I feel like/I want to’, kaaí tàl-tsoor thi kaáṇ diínt ‘he is itching‘] ‘the stomach is upset’] 2) placenta kaaṇãĩ̀ bimaarìi |n| scabies, lit. 'illness of niràin-kaai having an empty stomach, fasting itching' [tú niràin-kaai hin é ‘come with an empty kàaṇ (pl. kàṇ; pl. kàṇa) |n| ear [asĩĩ̀ kàṇ šarèel stomach‘] the/asĩĩ̀ kàṇ lamzèel the/asĩĩ̀ kàṇ khinɡìr the kaáṇ |n| itch ‘his ears are sticking out’, ] 11 khuúr kàaṇ

kàaṇ deént |v| listen, lit. 'give ear' kimáṭ |n| worms (intestinal parasites) kàaṇ tsumbàint pierce the ear kimuušá |n| threadworms kàṇãã bòond outer ear canal kiṣõõ̀ (fem kiṣĩĩ̀ ; kiṣẽẽ̀ ) |adj| 1) black 2) kàṇãã paṛdàa |n| eardrum, lit. 'curtain of the ear' deathly/cadaverous color (of skin), tanned kàṇãĩ kurčìi |n| cartilage in ear (color of skin) kaṇṣùi deént eavesdrop koókor |n| skull tãã̀ kàṇ khinɡirraánt cup one's ears (to hear kúl |n| menstrual period [asĩĩ̀ ek kúl ṭhánɡ better) hoóthu ‘she has missed one menstrual period’] kakrìi |n| skull kùl |n| 1) ɡrain 2) pimple, boil kanḍháp |n| mumps kùli [kùylʸ] |n| testicle kànɡ |n| comb kundúl |n| stomach, tummy, abdomen [mĩĩ̀ kànɡ deént comb [má tãã̀ ṣiṣií kànɡ deént ‘I kundiliá man zhùuk thi ‘I have (diffuse/all comb my hair‘] over) abdominal pain’] kaṇkurùi |n| small instrument used to clear outer kúnḍur |adj| without limb [ũ kúnḍur thi ‘she has ear canal from wax lost limbs’] kapàal |n| forehead, brow kurčìi |n| cartilage karáṭ |n| a kind of diarrhea with cramps, mucus kúrum |n| torso and blood [asĩĩ̀ karáṭ iínt ‘he has diarrhea with kútsi |n| the inside of elbow cramps’] kutshàant |v| groan, grunt karáṭ iínt have diarrhea with cramps kuúc̣hi [kuúyc̣hʸ] |n| loin kašàal |n| armpit [ẽẽ̀ kitàab kašàal war deéthe ‘he kùuṭh (pl. kùṭh) |n| knee has tucked the book in his armpit’] kùṭh šaareé bhèeṭ thu kneel, sit on one's heels kašàalõõ bàal hair in armpit kùṭh ṭunɡurá karàant draw up one's knees kèeṛ |n| scab kùṭhãĩ khinḍuúri kneecap kèes |n| 1) court case [asií tal kèes hoóthu ‘a case kùuṭh ṭunɡurá karàant draw up knee has been started against her/she is charged kùuṭh ṭùul karàant bend the knee with ...’] 2) childbirth, English 'case' kùutsi karàint [kùuytsʸ] bear down, push (in kéntsal |n| cancer labor) kepsùul |n| capsule kùutsi man thi bear down, push kh khàanɡ [khàaŋ] |n| cough khinḍuúri [khinḍuúyrʸ] |n| 1) small disc 2) bald khàanɡ iínt |v| cough, lit. 'cough comes' [asĩĩ̀ area on head of babies, men 3) cowlick [asĩĩ̀ khàanɡ iínt ‘he is coughing‘] ṣiṣá man khinḍuúri thi ‘he has a cowlick in his khaánt |v| eat hair’] khaál-puul |n| what has been eaten and drunk, khizaánt |vt| make (sb) tired what has been served to a guest khizàant |mv| tire, get tired khaarùus |n| sputum khizèel (fem khizìil) |adj| tired khabhàt (fem khabhàti) |adj| left-handed (m) khòoš |adj| crippled, one-armed khanɡàant2 |v| cough khuṛaánt |v| limp, hobble khanɡuruú |n| whooping cough khùu |n| kind of dried bark, used for performing khasár |n| infection of scalp: hair loss in patches, moxibustion pustules khuúr (pl. khurá) |n| 1) leg [asĩĩ̀ khurá khép the ‘he is knock-kneed’] 2) foot [asĩĩ̀ khurá bidàl khuúr 12

the ‘he has flat feet’, asĩĩ̀ khurá tshìil the ‘he khurãĩ̀ talìi sole of foot has splayfeet’] khurõõ̀ khaṛpàa arch (of foot) ek-khuriàa (fem ek-khuriàai) |adj| one-legged khurõõ̀ liindìi the two bones of the lower leg khurãã̀ anɡòo big toe khurõõ̀ rài footprint khurãĩ̀ anɡùi toe khuúr labár karàant drag one's leg behind l laá-laa hoónt |v| stare at [ṹ mií tal piirãã ́ laá-laa laṛmùunḍ |n| cervix, neck of womb, lit. 'root of hoónt ‘he is staring at me from over there’] the umbilical cord' làal |n| saliva, spittle liindìi |n| the two parallel bones of forearm/of làal waánt drool, dribble lower leg laalbánd |n| bib liinɡìi |n| calf (of leg) laalɡàl (fem laalɡàli) |adj| drooling liít |n| small splinter stuck in skin [liít c̣ámbu labár karàant |v| drag (one's leg) bazíthi ‘the splinter has got stuck in the skin’, lài |n| vernix caseosa, the white sticky stuff on liít c̣ám huúthi ‘the splinter has got stuck in the skin of a newborn baby the skin’] lám (fr. var. lám maráz) |n| shingles [tasií tal lám líl |adj| visible [asĩĩ̀ baá líl nii hoónt ‘his house is nikaíthi ‘he has got shingles’] not visible (from here)’] lánɡ-lanɡ hoónt [láŋ-laŋ] walk/move with great luàant |v| lie down difficulty lùnɡ [lùŋ] |n| thin braid in front of ears, láṛ |n| 1) string 2) umbilical cord 3) string of traditional hairstyle of women words, verses of song

lh lhambuúli hoónt [lhambuúylʸ] blush, turn red [ṹ lhamlùu (fem lhamlùi) |adj| 1) red 2) red (skin lhambuulihuú phùt hoóthu ‘he has turned red colour), flushed like an ember (said when someone is angry)’] lhamlùu-phut |adj| flaming red lhambuulihàari [lhambuuylhàayrʸ] |n| 1) redness lhiíṣ |n| nit 2) congealed blood on wound

m maalúš |n| stroking massage maasúm peedàa karàint give birth to a child maalúš karàant give a stroking massage mhazwàal maasúm the middle one of one's maasúm (pl. maasmá) |n| child children maasmá hin bimàar hoínt is in labor, lit. 'is ill maaṣá |n| site of voice [mĩĩ̀ maaṣá dhaizíthu ‘I with child' have a hoarse voice’] maasmá hin naažòoṛ hoínt is in labor, lit. 'is ill maaṣá dhaizàant have a hoarse voice with child' maaṣá ṣazàant have a hoarse voice maasmãã̀ paṛdàa amnion, amniotic membranes maazùur |adj| crippled [daaìi maasmãã̀ paṛdàa tseeràint ‘the midwife mac̣uú |n| iris (of eye) ruptures the bag of waters‘] máɣaz |n| bone marrow, brain matter maasúm ɡanḍàant swaddle a baby 13 malhámnábaz malhám |n| ointment [ṹ malhám palàant ‘he is tĩĩ̀ máɣaz/mèt tsòo thu (say.) you talk too applying ointment’] much, lit. you have a lot of brain matter maràant |v| die [ṹ buc̣há dií maríthu ‘he starved mẽõ̀ |n| fatty tissue to death’] miràat |adj| childless marèel (fem marìil) |adj| dead miraatií |n| 1) childless person 2) person that máraɡ |n| death has no-one to look after him/her maráz |n| illness mirɡìi |n| 1) evil fairy 2) epileptic grand mal marzií |adj| ill seizure marɡálai |n| 1) companion, friend, colleague miṭhá |adj| sweet (also used to refer to one's co-wife) 2) moól |n| ear wax placenta, afterbirth mooṛá |n| 1) bulge, roll of fat, potbelly, paunch 2) maasmãĩ̀ marɡálai placenta, afterbirth, lit. the rolled-up rim of traditional Kohistani 'child's companion' woolen hat, rolled-up seam of a garment marìi |n| 1) gullet 2) windpipe [asĩĩ̀ marìi ḍhìil mundá |n| time, lenɡth of time, period (of thi ‘he is talking very loud’] pregnancy) [ɡharimaaṣeé mundá dharaáthe marìiz |n| patient ‘the woman has given birth pre-term’, asĩĩ̀ masùu (pl. masèe) |n| 1) meat 2) flesh, body mundá tsòo bazíthu ‘she has gone past due tissue date (in her pregnancy)’] bàṭ masùu muscle tissue lit. 'hard/firm flesh' mundrìi |n| earring kaw̃àl masùu wobbly tissue/flesh, lit. 'soft muruú |n| inner ear, the part that is not visible tissue' murzaadá |n| wart, raised spot on skin máṣ-maṣ karáant suck (for instance a baby) (coloured/with hair) matskanḍá |n| torn skin around fingernail múṛai |n| corpse mažàal |n| strength [asií man mažàal nií thi múṭhi [muyṭhʸ] |n| fist with thumb sticking out ‘there is no strength in him’] muúṭ |n| upper arm meedá |n| upper abdomen [mĩĩ̀ meedá našìil thi ‘I mužìiṭ |n| bladder have an upset stomach’] muẓàant |v| urinate, pee mèex |n| 1) nail 2) corn 3) stinger (of a bee) 4) muẓàr (muẓàri) |adj| bed-wetter blackhead muẓãã ́ |n| urine menṭàl |adj| mentally ill [ṹ menṭàl hoóthu ‘he has muẓãã ́ karàant urinate, pee become mentally ill’] muẓãĩ ́ beént urinate, pee menṭàlõõ aspatàal asylum, hospital for the mũṹ |n| 1) face 2) cheek mentally ill mũãã̀ hàaṛ cheekbone mèt |n| 1) bone marrow 2) brain matter mũṹ man ḍòonɡ dimple in cheek n naá |n| 1) root (of plants) 2) root (of tooth) naažooṛtiàa |n| state of being ill, state of being in naákh (pl. nakhá) |n| nail (of finger, toe) labor [ṹ maasmãã̀ naažooṛtiàa hin maríthi ‘she nakh-tsíṭ |n| nail cutter died during childbirth’] nakhá kurpàant cut nails nábaz |n| pulse nakhá tsapàant bite fingernails nábaz dhayàant check the pulse |adj| unwell, not healthy naarùuɣ nài |n| umbilical cord naažòoṛ |adj| 1) ill 2) in labor nài karàant cut the umbilical cord nakríz 14 nakríz |n| henna nathòorãã hàaṛ nose bone nakríz deént apply henna nathòorãĩ ɡàli |n| ridge of nose nanluúṭõõ (fem nanluúṭiõõ) |adj| bareheaded (m) nathòorãĩ kurčìi nasal septum náno (fem náni) |adj| naked nathòorãĩ khínɡ side of the nose nanpãã̀ (fem nanpãĩ̀ ) |adj| barefooted (m) nathòorãĩ phúṭi tip of nose našá |n| intoxication rizèel nathòor flat nose našá karàant 1) make oneself intoxicated 2) tsànɡ nathòor pointed nose dress up, adorn oneself naú |n| pus [lòṭan naú nikaánt ‘the lump is našá man hoónt is intoxicated suppurating’] natkìi |n| nose stud nazár |n| 1) eyesight [asĩĩ̀ názar kám thu ‘he has nathiàa |n| nose bleed a poor eyesight’] 2) the evil eye nathiàa waánt have a nose bleed nazár aánt |vt| cast the evil eye nathòor (fr. var. nathùur) |n| nose nazár ṣayaánt |vt| cast the evil eye nathòor buí čák thu have a snub nose suɡàa nazár good eyesight nathòor dhaizèel thu the nose is blocked tìiz nazár good eyesight nathòor dhayàant hold (one's) nose so as not to ṭhakũũ̀ nazár blurred eyesight smell nìiẓ |n| sleep nathòor karàant 1) turn up one's nose 2) nìiẓ iínt is sleepy, lit. 'sleep comes' wrinkle/screw one's nose nìiẓ-bi-nìiẓ hoónt is drowsy/sleepy nh nhaalàant |v| 1) watch, look [ṹ tàal buṭ kareé movie’, ṹ wáha nhaalàant ‘he is looking down nhaalàant ‘he is frowning/glaring’, ṹ tàal (er senkt den Blick)’] 2) examine [ḍaakṭár ɡhùči kareé nhaalàant ‘he is frowning/glaring’, marìiz mašiná hin nhaalàant ‘the doctor is sãĩ ́ philím nhaalàante ‘they are watching a auscultating the patient with the stethoscope’] o

óki [oýkʸ] |n| nausea ooraá hoónt disappear, be out of sight [tsãã̀ baá óki iínt is nauseated, is sick, is retching, is ooraá ããs̀ ‘your house was not visible’] heaving

p pák hoónt |v| start, flinch palzàant |mv| 1) stick to 2) is contagious [ṣṹ palaák |n| sunstroke, heatstroke; headache, bimaarìi palzàint ‘this disease is contagious’] nausea, perspiration, weakness [ṹ palaák pambuú |n| navel hoóthu ‘he has got a sunstroke’] panràa (fem panrìi) |adj| albino palaák hoónt have a heatstroke, have a papài |n| eyelid sunstroke papàyãã bàal eye lashes palištár |n| 1) plaster, cast [ḍaakṭár hátãã palištár tàali papài upper eyelid karàant ‘the doctor puts the hand in plaster’] 2) tsùuri papài lower eyelid plasterwork (in house) lamzil̀ papài drooping eyelid 15 paṛdàaphúṭi paṛdàa (paṛdií) |n| 1) curtain 2) bag of waters, peedàa karàint give birth amniotic membranes of fetus, lit. 'child's peedaaíš |n| birth curtain' 3) cataract, lit. 'curtain of the eye' peéɣal |adj| having reached puberty, sexually maasmãã̀ paṛdàa amnion, amniotic membranes mature [maṭuú peéɣal thu ‘the boy has reached [daaìi maasmãã̀ paṛdàa tseeràint ‘the midwife puberty’] ruptures the bag of waters‘] peeɣaltùup |n| sexual maturity i.e. marriageable pašàant |v| see [hillá ma pašàant ‘I see (it) with age (used for both male and female) difficulty/I can just make (it) out’, ṹ pìil |adj| 1) yellow 2) pale/anemic [asĩĩ̀ raánɡ pìil káts/kátsan pašàant ‘he is short-sighted’, ṹ hoónt ‘he looks pale/anemic’] duúr/duuruú pašàant ‘he is farsighted’] pìit1 |n| gall, gall bladder pàši [pàyšʸ] |n| rib pìit2 |n| a kind of nettle rash/hives caused by patrìi |n| 1) stone 2) gall stone 3) kidney stone sitting close to the fire [pìit ukaánt ‘break out páṭ |n| 1) bark 2) peel 3) scab in a nettle rash’] paṭií |n| bandage, dressing (made by doctor) pìix hoónt appear, emerge, show up [ṹ zõṍ tal paṭií karàant bandage, make a dressing pìix huúɡee ] paṭìi |n| tapeworm pìnḍi [pìnḍʸ] |n| lower leg patsaál |n| bacterial skin infection pìnḍiãã àl masùu muscles of calf patsàant |v| is sore pìnḍiãã hàaṛ shin payltá |n| piece of cloth or paper that is burnt and põõsìil |adj| 1) filled 2) pregnant the smoke blown on the patient (traditional puàant |v| drink treatment) púš-puš karàant whisper peedàa hoónt is being born [ràalãã waxt asĩĩ̀ pũṹs |n| pus maasúm peedàa hoóthu ‘at night her child has pũṹs nikaánt suppurate been born’]

ph phaaɡál |adj| crazy, mentally disturbed phòo |n| whitlow, infection with abscess close to phaaɡaltùup |n| madness, insanity, craziness [ṹ fingernail phaaɡaltùup karàant ‘he is mad/behaving phooḍár2 |n| powder crazily’] phooḍár ɡalàant powder (sth), use powder pháp (pl. phapiá) |n| lung phoónḍ |n| blister phapãĩ̀ marìi trachea phoónḍ ukaánt get a blister, break out in phapãĩ̀ naalìi trachea blisters phápaṭ |n| skin scale, dandruff phunḍá nikaíthe have acne, have pimples [asĩĩ̀ pharàant |v| reproduce, multiply mũṹ tal phunḍá nikaíthe ‘he has acne in his phiàa |n| shoulder face’] phiãã̀ bánd shoulder joint phùnɡ [phùŋ] |n| moustache, a man has two of phiãã̀ ṭhápar shoulder blade them phiíphaṛ |n| foreskin phúṭ1 |n| stare, glance phìis1 |n| sleep, sand, the material that collects in phúṭ karàant throw a glance the corner of the eyes while sleeping phúṭ-phuṭ karàant |v| follow sb with one's eyes, phitirtyuú |n| earlobe gaze after sb phòi |n| smallpox phúṭi |n| 1) tip (of sth) 2) nipple phùu karàant 16 phùu karàant 1) blow 2) cast a blow, perform phùupul |n| fontanel magical blowing ɡuṭùm phùupul sunken-in fontanel q qábaz |n| 1) seizure, capture 2) constipation [asĩĩ̀ khãĩ ́ hin šaráṣat ‘the constipation will end qábaz thu ‘he has constipation’, qábaz dawaí ('break') when taking medicine’] r raát |n| blood [asĩĩ̀ raát panàr thu ‘he is a rap karàant ‘what are you mumbling’, ṹ coward’, lit. ‘his blood is white’, asĩĩ̀ raát maasmãã̀ ḍàa ráp-rap karàint ‘she is patting kiṣõõ̀ thu ‘he is strong, brave’, lit. ‘his blood is the baby's back’] black’] rããz̀ |n| leprosy [múṭhãĩ xalak ɡhãĩ̀ rããz̀ hin raát beént bleed marããsè ‘in the past, people died of leprosy’] raát deént give blood, donate blood rixá |n| bandage that is done at home (with piece raát kuurí hoónt blood is clotting of cloth) raát lòṭ hoónt blood is clotting rĩĩ̀ |n| parting raát nheelàant let blood, draw blood rĩĩ̀ tseeràant part the hair raát tsukí hoónt blood is clotting roónt |v| weep raát zaánt blood is clotting rosãĩ̀ |n| boil, abscess ratãã̀ lòṭ blood clot rozá |n| fast ratãĩ̀ ḍhaám pool of blood rozá bhayàant fast, keep fast ráɡ (fem raɡiá) |n| 1) blood vessel 2) tendon rozá hoónt fast, keep fast [ɡharimaáṣ rozá rák-rak hoónt |v| shiver, tremble hoínt ‘the woman is fasting‘] ranzùur (ranzùuri) |adj| sickly, delicate, in poor rùuɣ |adj| well health rùul (rùuli) |adj| lethargic, sluggish ráp-rap hoónt |v| flutter (eyelids) rúzai |n| eyebrow ráp-rap karàant |v| blink, move rapidly and repeatedly (eyelids, lips, etc) [tú ɡí dhút ráp- s sàa |n| breath saalanḍìi |n| asthma, chronic lung disease ãĩ̀ bánd kareé sàa nheelàant kill (sb) by saalanḍĩĩ̀ bimaarìi asthma, chronic lung disease smothering him sài karàant |v| see, look at sàa bánd hoónt is not able to breathe salaí |n| antimony pin [ũ salaí hin surmàa diínt sàa bánd karàant hold one's breath ‘she is applying antimony with the pin|pencil’] sàa deént die [ẽẽ̀ sàa deéthe ‘he has died‘] sáthi [seýthʸ] |n| thigh sàa nikaínt die [asĩĩ̀ sàa nikaíthi ‘he has died‘] sáthi-tàlãã hàaṛ hip bone sàa qábaz hoínt die sáthiãã àl masùu soft tissue of thigh sàa ukaínt die, breathe the last [asĩĩ̀ sàa ukaíthi sáthiãã hàaṛ femur ‘he has died‘] sáthiãã mùnḍãã hàaṛ ilium, hip bone sàa ẓikzàint gasp, breathing before sb dies sáthiãã mùunḍ groin, lit. 'root of the leg' sàa ẓháṭ hoónt gasp, death rattle 17 sirímuxṣíṣ sirímux |n| an illness of small children, surxài |n| 1) make-up 2) lipstick [ṹ surxài diínt symptoms are livid mottled skin, grunting, ‘she is applying lip stick’] seizures sút |adj| asleep [ũ sút thu ‘he is asleep’] sunát |n| 1) prescribed way of life modeled by the sút beént |v| go to sleep [ṹ badaáṭu sút bazíthi spoken and acted example of the Prophet 2) ‘she went to sleep without anyone circumcision noticing/quietly‘] sunát karàant perform circumcision suučí1 [suuýčʸ] |n| thought suntií bhayaánt perform circumcision suučí iínt think, lit. 'thought comes' suprá |n| cervix, neck of womb suučí karàant think, lit. 'do thought' surát |n| 1) private parts (including vagina) 2) suučí2 [suuýčʸ] |n| 1) switch 2) hearing aid body sũĩ̀ |n| 1) needle 2) injection mùuṭhi surát genitals, lit. 'front of body' du-šinɡ sũĩ̀ |n| safety-pin pàati surát anus, lit. 'back of body' dušìnɡ sũĩ̀ |n| safety pin surát karáp karàant cut into body tissue, hiphaazatĩĩ̀ sũĩ̀ vaccine injection perform episiotomy sũĩ̀ deént give injection suurtiãã̀ hàaṛ pubic bone sũũ̀ |n| dream surmàa |n| antimony sũũ̀ iínt dream, have a dream, lit.' dream comes' surmàa deént apply antimony sũũ̀ pašàant have a dream, dream, lit. 'see dream'

šál |adj| paralyzed šilá hoónt feel cold šànḍ (fem šànḍi) |adj| infertile (m) šilaánt |v| hurt [mĩĩ̀ ḍàa šilaánt ‘my back hurts’] šáphar |n| buttock šilkanḍá |n| goose pimples šãã̀ 1 |n| snot šilkanḍá uulí hoónt get goose pimples šãã̀ buí ṣĩĩ̀ karàant sniffle, snuffle šišàant1 |v| 1) dry 2) waste away šãã̀ khac̣ karàant wipe one's nose šíšãã beént waste away, lose weight šãã̀ munií ṣĩĩ̀ karàant blow one's nose šišèel (šišìil) |adj| wasted, emaciated šãã̀ šáp-šap karàant sniffle šúɡur |n| diabetes [ṣás màaṣ tal šúɡur thu ‘this šãã̀ šár karàant blow one's nose and clean with man/person has diabetes’] fingers šúɡurãĩ bimaarìi diabetes šãã̀ waánt have a runny nose šúp |n| hunchback [asĩĩ̀ ḍàa tal šúp nikaíthu ‘he šãã̀ 2 |n| spleen has got a hunchback’] šíl |n| 1) coldness, cold 2) shivering fit šùu karàant exhale šíl deént have a shivering fit šùur |n| liver ṣ

ṣaák (pl. ṣaká) |n| neck vein on the head, suction applied and, when ṣakãã̀ hàaṛ neck bone, cervical spine the vein is protruding, blood letting is ṣakbìiṭ |n| illness with a stiff neck, meningitis performed ṣáp-ṣap karàant |v| sniffle ṣíṣ |n| 1) head 2) hair (on head) ṣìnɡ ṣayaánt |v| perform blood letting, traditional ɡùur ṣíṣ brown hair treatment for headache: a horn is placed over a kiṣõõ̀ ṣíṣ black hair ṣíṣ 18

lhamlùu ṣíṣ red hair ṣiṣluuṭyõõ |adj| bareheaded panàr ṣíṣ white hair ṣòṭ |n| throat ṣíṣ c̣yũũ̀ thu have full hair ṣòṭ man lòṭ swollen tonsils ṣíṣ khaṭõõ̀ thu have short hair ṣõàant |v| hear, listen ṣíṣ nikaánt hair falls out ṣúk karàant |v| sip ṣíṣ talũũ̀ thu have thin hair ṣùli [ṣùylʸ] |n| 1) nostril 2) opening of ear ṣíṣ ṭák-ṭak karàant shake one's head indicating ṣùli bhák-bhak karàant have flaring nostrils 'no' ṣùli karàant sniff, wrinkle one's nose ṣíṣ zhál-zhal karàant nod one's head indicating ṣùli karoónt pick one's nose 'yes' ṣùli phaṣkaánt dilate one's nostrils (for instance ṣíṣ ẓìk thu have long hair while straining) ṣiṣãã̀ hàaṛ skull ṣyòo (ṣìi) |adj| half-blind ṣiṣãĩ̀ rĩĩ̀ hair parting ṣyùu karàant |v| whistle t tàal2 |n| forehead, brow [asĩĩ̀ tàal ɡhõõ̀ thu ‘he tandìi |adj| breastfeeding, nursing [ṹ tandìi thi has a high forehead’, ṹ tàalãĩ ɡhaṇaí diínt ‘she ‘she is nursing’] is wrinkling her forehead/frowning’] tapxài |n| lower back tàal karàant |vt| crease the brow (being tapxàyãã hàaṛ sacrum and coccyx, lower part of displeased with sth) spine tàalãã hàaṛ frontal bone tibhaát |n| health, disposition [asĩĩ̀ tibhaát našíthi taál deént break out (in a rash) [dodòle taál ‘his health is poor (also said when sb is deéthe ‘(he) has broken out in a measles rash’] worrying a lot)’] taalùu |n| palate, roof of mouth tilàant |v| move, walk taalùu man bòond cleft palate tsaur-khùr hoó tilàant |vi| move forward on all taaqát |n| strength four taaqatwár |adj| strong tùni [tùyn] |n| pulse that can be felt through the takṛá |adj| strong, healthy navel takhàr (takhàri) |adj| strong, energetic, active, tùni uc̣hàint lift up the pulse; traditional taking responsibility treatment for infertility, weakness talìi |n| palm tùni zaí aínt lift up the pulse, lit. 'bring pulse to its place' (traditional treatment)

th thár-thar hoónt |v| tremble thúki [thuýkʸ] |n| spittle, saliva tharkuzàant |v| tremble thúki ɡalàant |v| spit thotór |n| heat rash thúki karàant |v| spit thotór ukaínt get a heat rash thùri [thùyr] |n| heel [mĩĩ̀ thùri phalíthi ‘my heel thú-thu karàant spit three times to avert the evil is cracked’] eye thùrĩĩ ráɡ Achille's tendon 19 ṭeepáswài

ṭ

ṭeepás |n| ear studs into the eyes’, ṭìp waínt ‘drops are coming ṭiípii |n| tuberculosis down/there is dripping’] 2) patch of cloth, ṭìir |adj| cross-eyed nappy ṭíkar |n| spot ṭĩĩčár |n| tincture, desinfectant ṭikùi |n| freckle, small spot ṭuúp |n| tube (of ointment, toothpaste) ṭìp |n| 1) drop [ḍaakṭár dawaí ããc̣ìi maz ṭìp ṭúŋ-ṭuŋ hoónt |v| walk with a stoop karàant ‘the doctor is administering the drops ṭh

ṭhoosàa |n| fist with thumb covered or flexed ṭhunɡùri [ṭhuŋɡùyrʸ] |n| elbow ṭhoosàa hin deént punch ṭhunɡùriãã bánd elbow joint ṭhùl (fem ṭhùli) |adj| fat ts tsàam |n| 1) skin 2) fur (of animals) tsãũ̀ |n| mole tsàaṛ |n| vomit tsìi |n| fart, wind tsàaṛ iínt |v| vomit tsìi deént fart, pass wind tsàaxta |n| piece of paper written by a maulvi tsilixtìi |n| puerperium, period of 40 days after then put into water; the patient has to drink the giving birth water with the diluted ink; traditional tsìts |n| breast treatment tsònḍ |n| forelock of men tsài |n| cold (illness) tsùk (fem tsùki) |adj| 1) sour 2) congealing (sour tsài bazíthi have a cold milk) tsáki [tseýkʸ] |n| groin tsùn (fem tsùni) |adj| thin, small tsak-tsiíl dií bhayàant sit cross-legged, lit. 'sit tsùn bòol |n| urine, lit. 'thin excrement' [ma tsùn with wide (open) groin' bòoli hoóthu ‘I have to pee’] tsanḍuú |n| forelock of women tsùn bòol hin beewàak hoónt is incontinent, tsapàant |v| bite, chew can't control urine tsaṛàant |v| vomit tsùn bòol kanṭròol man nii hoónt is incontinent tsaṭàant |v| lick tsùn bòol qaabùu nii hoónt is incontinent u ušindèel (fr. var. ušindií) |n| abscess (big), ùuši rinɡàint 1) have a stroke, lit. 'wind is inflammation of tissue, pain, fever, collection touching' 2) have a tremor of pus

w wáham |n| depression wài |n| lap wài 20

wài man maasúm breastfeeding, nursing [asĩĩ̀ wàrĩĩ zhaák thi have stomach ache/abdominal wài man maasúm thu ‘she is nursing, lit. pain 'there is a baby in her lap'‘] wažùud |n| abdomen, belly, what is in it warbál |n| thin braid plaited across women's weekhòo |n| amniotic fluid [weekhòo waánt ‘the forehead bag of waters has broken/the membranes are wàri [wèrʸ] |n| abdomen, belly [mĩĩ̀ wàri ruptured, lit. 'amniotic fluid comes down'’] bhaaṣuzíthi ‘my abdomen is distended’] weesaáp |n| eczema wàri baašìint have a grumbling stomach (being wẽẽ̀ phuɡãĩ ́ bead of sweat [asĩĩ̀ tàal tal wẽẽ̀ hungry) phuɡãĩ-phuɡãĩ́ lak iíthe ‘there are beads of wàri war awàaz eént the stomach is sweat on his forehead’] rumbling/grumbling/gurgling wìi (wèe) |n| water wàrian ɣaṛaí nikaínt the stomach is wìi=lak |adj| transparent, see-through rumbling/grumbling/gurgling

x xár karàant |v| clear one's voice xaṛpaánt |v| slurp xár-xar karàant |v| 1) wheeze 2) breathe noisily xatìi |n| tickle 3) snore xatìi hoínt have a tickle xaránḍ karàant |v| 1) snore 2) give the death xatìi karàant tickle (sb) rattle xawàndãã wìi semen, lit. 'husband's water' xarmánḍ |adj| fat xolìi |n| sweat xaṛáp |n| slurp [ek xaṛáp kara ‘take it in one xolìi iínt sweat, perspire [miiɡeé xolìi iínt ‘"I slurp’] am sweating"‘] xaṛáp karàant |v| slurp (once) xuškìi |n| 1) dryness 2) dandruff xaṛáp-xaṛap karàant slurp repeatedly z zàaṭ |n| body hair zindaɡìi |n| life zaṭl̀ |adj| hairy, hirsute zoonìi |n| age of puberty [ṹ zoonìi c̣eelàint ‘she zabùun (fem zabùuni) |adj| ill, unwell is reaching the age of puberty’] zaínt |v| give birth zoór (pl. zuriá) |n| fever [zuriá man žhaṭká iínt zaliàar |n| childbirth, delivery ‘with the fever rising the patient is having zàn (fem zàni) |adj| alive rigors’, ṹ zurĩĩ̀ zòor hin beehòoš manàant ‘he zaṛaí |n| jaundice is in a feverish delirium’, zoór kaám hoint ‘the zaṛaí hoónt get jaundiced temperature is falling’] zatkatán |n| death throes ɡáram zoór high fever zayìib |adj| very ill, weakened ɡhãĩ̀ zoór high fever zìib |n| 1) tongue 2) language tsùni zoór low-grade fever zìib ɡaanɡooṛá hoínt |vi| lisp zoór iínt have fever zìib hin čák-čak karàant click one's tongue zoór nhaalàant take the temperature zìib hin nhaalàant taste, lit. 'look with tongue' zurùi |n| groan, grunt zìib nheelàant stick out tongue zurùyõõ deént |v| groan, grunt zìib ṣazàint |vi| stutter [asĩĩ̀ zìib ṣazàint ‘he zũĩ ́ |n| louse stutters‘] 21 ẓuúk zàaṭ

zh zhaák |n| abdominal pain, zhìt karàant sneeze, lit. 'do a sneeze' zhál-zhal karàant |v| 1) nod repeatedly 2) rock (a zhìt waánt sneeze, lit. 'sneeze comes down' baby in one's arms) zhùuk |n| pain zhẽẽ̀ |n| yawn zhùuk iínt have pain zhẽẽ̀ deént yawn, lit. 'give yawn' zhùuk tibàant endure pain zhẽẽ̀ iínt yawn, lit. 'yawn comes' zhùukãĩ ɡuulìi painkiller zhìt |n| sneeze ž

žàamii |n| jaw žibìi (fr. var. žabìi) |n| uvula tàali žàamii upper jaw žùubul |adj| injured tsùuri žàamii lower jaw žuundún |n| life žaksàn |n| syringe ẓ ẓh

ẓikàant |v| stretch (arm, leg) ẓuúk |n| 1) tip (of finger) 2) kidney ẓháṭ hoónt |v| start abdomen, belly 22

Part 2: English – Indus Kohistani abdomen, belly wàri [wèrʸ] |f| [mĩĩ̀ wàri anaesthesia behoošìi 1 |f| behoošĩĩ̀ sùi deént bhaaṣuzíthi ‘my abdomen is distended’] wàri give an anaesthetic injection behoošĩĩ̀ sùi baašìint wàri war awàaz eént wàrian ɣaṛaí deént nikaínt wàrĩĩ zhaák thi , wažùud |m| ankle ɡhùunḍ |m| ɡhùunḍãã bánd ɡhùunḍãã hàaṛ have a rumbling/grumbling/gurgling ankle bone ɡhùunḍãã hàaṛ stomach wàri baašìint, wàri war awàaz eént, ankle joint ɡhùunḍãã bánd wàrian ɣaṛaí nikaínt antimony surmàa |m| surmàa deént abdomen, upper meedá |f| [mĩĩ̀ meedá našìil thi apply antimony surmàa deént ‘I have an upset stomach’] antimony pin salaí |f| [ũ salaí hin surmàa diínt abdominal pain, zhaák |f| ‘she is applying antimony with the pin|pencil’] have stomach ache/abdominal pain wàrĩĩ anus ɡhõõ̀ bòolãĩ zaí, pàati surát zhaák thi appear, emerge, show up pìix hoónt [ṹ zõṍ tal abscess (big), inflammation of tissue, pain, pìix huúɡee ] fever, collection of pus ušindèel |m| arch (of foot) khurõõ̀ khaṛpàa abscess, boil atshàk kùl |m|, rosãĩ̀ |f| arm including hand hàa 2 |m| dac̣hõõ̀ hàa ek- Achille's tendon thùrĩĩ ráɡ hatiàa hàa deént hàa milaá baṛɡáṛ karàant hàa acne, have; pimples, have phunḍá nikaíthe [asĩĩ̀ taráp karàant hàa taráp-tarap karàant hàtãã mũṹ tal phunḍá nikaíthe ‘he has acne in his bánd hàtãĩ talìi hàtõõ bàad iíthi hàtõõ dùu face’] liindìi khabùu hàa Adam's apple ɣònḍ |m| [ṹ mĩĩ̀ ɣònḍii aánt ‘he is one-armed ek-hatiàa |m| getting on my nerves’] upper arm n muúṭ |m| air (in lungs, in tyres etc), air exhaled bhàaṣ |f| armpit kašàal |m| [ẽẽ̀ kitàab kašàal war deéthe [ṭhèeran bhàaṣ nikaínt ‘the tyre is losing air’] ‘he has tucked the book in his armpit’] albino panràa |m| asleep sút [ũ sút thu ‘he is asleep’] sút beént alive zàn |m| asthma, chronic cough hìiu-dhaizĩĩ̀ bimaarìi amniotic fluid weekhòo |m| [weekhòo waánt asthma, chronic lung disease saalanḍìi |f| ‘the bag of waters has broken/the membranes saalanḍĩĩ̀ bimaarìi , saalanḍĩĩ̀ bimaarìi are ruptured, lit. 'amniotic fluid comes down'’] 23 asthma, chronic lung disease body B b back ḍàa |m| ḍàa ɡhuraánt ḍàa khinɡír hoónt ḍàa bleed raát beént marák karàant ḍàan wìi nheelàant ḍãã̀ hàaṛ bleed vaginally, first symptom of miscarriage tsùn ḍàa aspá šaraìnt lower back tapxài |f| tapxàyãã hàaṛ blind hapìiz turn one's back ḍàa ɡhuraánt, ḍàa marák half-blind ṣyòo |m| karàant blindfold (sb) ããc̣ìi ɡanḍàant carry on back ḍài deént [ṹ tãã̀ maasúm ḍài blink, move rapidly and repeatedly (eyelids, diínt ‘she is carrying her child on the back’] lips, etc) ráp-rap karàant [tú ɡí dhút ráp-rap have hunchback/scoliosis ḍàa khinɡír hoónt karàant ‘what are you mumbling’, ṹ maasmãã̀ do a spinal tap ḍàan wìi nheelàant ḍàa ráp-rap karàint ‘she is patting the baby's bag of waters maasmãã̀ paṛdàa [daaìi maasmãã̀ back’] paṛdàa tseeràint ‘the midwife ruptures the bag blister phoónḍ |m| phoónḍ ukaánt of waters’] get a blister, break out in blisters phoónḍ bald ɡanžàa ukaánt bald area on head of babies, men khinḍuúri 2 bloating ɡèesã ̃ bimaarì [khinḍuúyrʸ] |f| blood raát |m| [asĩĩ̀ raát panàr thu ‘he is a bandage made at home with piece of cloth rixá coward’, lit. 'his blood is white', asĩĩ̀ raát kiṣõõ̀ |f| thu ‘he is strong, brave’, lit. 'his blood is bandage, dressing (made by doctor) paṭií |f| black'] raát beént raát deént raát kuurí hoónt paṭií karàant raát lòṭ hoónt raát nheelàant raát tsukí hoónt bandage, make a dressing paṭií karàant raát zaánt ratãã̀ lòṭ ratãĩ̀ ḍhaám barefooted (m) nanpãã̀ |m| give blood, donate blood raát deént bareheaded nanluúṭõõ |m|, ṣiṣluuṭyõõ blood is clotting raát kuurí hoónt, raát lòṭ hoónt, raát zaánt bead of sweat wẽẽ̀ phuɡãĩ ́ [asĩĩ̀ tàal tal wẽẽ̀ let blood, draw blood raát nheelàant phuɡãĩ-phuɡãĩ́ lak iíthe ‘there are beads of blood clot ratãã̀ lòṭ sweat on his forehead’] pool of blood ratãĩ̀ ḍhaám bear down, push (in labor) kùutsi karàint blood letting, perform (traditional treatment [kùuytsʸ] kùutsi man thi for headache) ṣìnɡ ṣayaánt (lit. 'put on a beard dài 2 |f| horn') beat (heart), pound (rain) ḍhamzàant blood vessel ráɡ 1 |f| thùrĩĩ ráɡ belch n bhóq |f| [asĩĩ̀ bhóq iínt ‘he is belching’, ṹ blow v phùu karàant 1 bhóq karàant ‘he is belching’] blow (into sth) bhaaṣàant |prs m sg| bib laalbánd |m| blow, cast a; traditional treatment phùu birth peedaaíš |f| karàant 2 give birth peedàa karàint, zaínt |f sg prs| raát blowing, magical dám 2 |f| dám deént dám zaánt ɡalàant wìi dám karàant bite, chew tsapàant |prs sg m| blush, turn red lhambuúli hoónt [lhambuúylʸ] bitter čìṭ 3 [ṹ lhambuulihuú phùt hoóthu ‘he has turned blackhead mèex 4 |m| red like an ember (said when someone is bladder mužìiṭ |f| angry)’] bland, insipid, weak aràs |m| [asĩĩ̀ zùuli aràsi thi body badán |m|, surát 2 |f| mùuṭhi surát pàati ‘her curry is bland’] surát surát karáp karàant suurtiãã̀ hàaṛ body hair 24 body hair zàaṭ |f| man maasúm thu ‘she is nursing’, lit. 'there is body height ḍháṛ |m| ḍháṛ ɡalàant a baby in her lap'] bone hàaṛ |m| [asĩĩ̀ ek hàaṛ šaríthu ‘he has breath dám 1 |f| dám deént dám ɡalàant wìi dám broken a bone’] hìiãã hàaṛ nathòorãã hàaṛ karàant , dhẽẽs̀ |f| [ṹ dhẽẽs̀ hin babalá thu ‘he pìnḍiãã hàaṛ sáthi-tàlãã hàaṛ sáthiãã hàaṛ is panting/puffing’, ṹ dhẽẽs̀ hin hík-hik thu ‘he suurtiãã̀ hàaṛ ṣakãã̀ hàaṛ ṣiṣãã̀ hàaṛ tapxàyãã is panting/puffing/gasping for breath’] dhẽẽs̀ hàaṛ bánd karàant dhẽẽs̀ hin babalá hoónt dhẽẽs̀ hin bone marrow mèt 1 |m| say. tĩĩ̀ máɣaz/mèt tsòo hík-hik hoónt dhẽẽs̀ iínt dhẽẽs̀ karàant dhẽẽsãã̀ thu mašín , sàa |f| ãĩ̀ bánd kareé sàa nheelàant sàa bone marrow, brain matter máɣaz |m| say. tĩĩ̀ bánd hoónt sàa bánd karàant sàa deént sàa máɣaz/mèt tsòo thu nikaínt sàa qábaz hoínt sàa ukaínt sàa ẓikzàint bones of forearm/of lower leg, the two parallel sàa ẓháṭ hoónt liindìi |f sg| hàtõõ dùu liindìi is breathless dhẽẽs̀ iínt born, is being peedàa hoónt [ràalãã waxt asĩĩ̀ hold one's breath dhẽẽs̀ bánd karàant, sàa bánd maasúm peedàa hoóthu ‘at night her child has karàant been born’] have bad breath ãĩaǹ ɡhãã̀ deént bottom čóṭ |m| breath, frozen bhaaṣkaál |f| brain dimàaɣ |m| breathe, breathe in and out dhẽẽs̀ karàant brain matter mèt 2 |m| say. tĩĩ̀ máɣaz/mèt tsòo breathe noisily xár-xar karàant 2 thu is not able to breathe sàa bánd hoónt break out (in a rash) taál deént [dodòle taál breathe the breath of life (God into man) dám deéthe ‘(he) has broken out in a measles rash’], ɡalàant 2 táli ukaánt [dodòl táli ukaíthe ‘(he) has broken bruise, injury (with bleeding) ɡhaál |f| out in a measles rash’] bulge, potbelly, paunch mooṛá 1 |m| breast hèel |f| hèel puyaínt , tsìts |f| burn v dazàant 1 have engorged breast c̣hiír lòṭ hoóthu burp n bhaṛàas |f| bhaṛàas ukaínt breastbone, sternum hìiãã hàaṛ burp v bhaṛàas ukaínt [asĩĩ̀ bhaṛàas ukaínt ‘he breastfeed hèel puyaínt, tãã̀ c̣hiír puyaínt is burping’] breastfeeding, nursing adj tandìi [ṹ tandìi thi buttock šáphar |m| ‘she is nursing’], wài man maasúm [asĩĩ̀ wài 25 crippledbuttock C c calf (of leg) liinɡìi |f| cleft palate taalùu man bòond muscles of calf pìnḍiãã àl masùu cleft palate, have (the anterior part of the callus on hands, corn on feet ɡhanḍaá 2 |f| palate) dandrás tsirìil thi cancer kéntsal |f| cloth or paper, piece of; it is burnt, the smoke capsule kepsùul |m| blown on the patient; traditional treatment cartilage kurčìi |f| nathòorãĩ kurčìi payltá |m| cataract ããc̣ìõõ paṛdàa |m| [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìõõ paṛdàa coagulate, clot (blood) raát kuurí hoónt, raát lòṭ iíthu ‘he has got cataracts’] (lit. 'curtain of the hoónt, raát zaánt eye') cold, chill (illness) tsài |f| tsài bazíthi cervix, neck of womb ɡabãĩ̀ ãĩ̀ , laṛmùunḍ |m|, have a cold tsài bazíthi suprá |m| coldness, cold šíl 1 |m| šíl deént šilá hoónt cheekbone harɡàli [harɡàylʸ] |f|, mũãã̀ hàaṛ šilkanḍá chest part of torso hiiɡùuṭ |m| feel cold šilá hoónt chest, lower part of; region of the heart hìiu | collarbone, clavicle bhaanɡáṛ |m| m| [hìiu ḍhám-ḍham hoónt ‘the heart is comb n kànɡ |m| kànɡ deént beating’, hìiu bhák-bhak hoónt ‘the heart is comb v kànɡ deént [má tãã̀ ṣiṣií kànɡ deént ‘I beating quickly/is pounding’, hìiu tìiz deént comb my hair’] ‘the heart is beating quickly’] say. asĩĩ̀ hìiu come round, come to one's senses hòoši eént bánd thu say. asĩĩ̀ hìiu kamzòor thu say. asĩĩ̀ conscious, is hòoš man hoónt hìiu kamzòor thu/làk thu say. asĩĩ̀ hìiu khulàa consciousness hòoš |m| thu say. baaliá tãã̀ hìi man tshaánt hìiãã hàaṛ constipation qábaz 2 |m| [asĩĩ̀ qábaz thu ‘he has hìiu dazaánt hìiu dazàant hìiu dhaizàant hìiu constipation’, qábaz dawaí khãĩ ́ hin šaráṣat ṣõàant hìiu-dhaizĩĩ̀ bimaarìi hĩĩ̀ ḍònɡi ‘the constipation will end ('break') when taking hollow below the breastbone hĩĩ̀ ḍònɡi [hĩĩ̀ medicine’] ḍòyŋʸ] contagious, is palzàant 2 [ṣṹ bimaarìi palzàint chickenpox aphòi |f| ‘this disease is contagious’] child maasúm |m| maasmá hin bimàar hoínt corn mèex 2 |m| maasmá hin naažòoṛ hoínt maasmãã̀ paṛdàa corpse múṛai |m| maasúm ɡanḍàant maasúm peedàa karàint corpulent/fat ɣùruz [asĩĩ̀ dhiiá bùṭ ɣùrza thi ‘all childbirth, delivery zaliàar |f|, naažooṛtiàa |m| her daughters are fat’] [ṹ maasmãã̀ naažooṛtiàa hin maríthi ‘she died cough n khàanɡ [khàaŋ] |f| khàanɡ iínt during childbirth’] have cough, cough khàanɡ iínt [asĩĩ̀ khàanɡ childless miràat miraatií iínt ‘he is coughing’], khanɡàant1 childless person miraatií 1 cowlick khinḍuúri 3 [khinḍuúyrʸ] |f| [asĩĩ̀ ṣiṣá chin dài 1 |f| [asĩĩ̀ tsòor mùt dài nikaíthi ‘he has man khinḍuúri thi ‘he has a cowlick in his got a double chin’] hair’] circumcision sunát 2 |f| sunát karàant suntií crawl (baby), move with great difficulty dál- bhayaánt dal hoónt 1, dál-phal hoónt perform circumcision sunát karàant, suntií crazy, mentally disturbed phaaɡál bhayaánt madness, insanity, craziness n phaaɡaltùup |f| clean oneself after urinating or defecating [ṹ phaaɡaltùup karàant ‘he is mad/behaving adùus karàant crazily’] cleft in chin dài man ḍòonɡ (lit. 'hole in chin') crippled maazùur crippled, one-armed 26 crippled, one-armed khòoš crutch dukaaṇá |f| [ṹ dukaaṇõõ̀ hin tilàant ‘he is cross-eyed, is ããc̣ìi ṭìir hoínt [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi ṭìir hoínt walking with crutches’] ‘he is cross-eyed’] cut into body tissue, perform episiotomy surát karáp karàant D d dandruff, skin scale, phápaṭ |m| has died’], dám deént dead marèel dimple mũṹ man ḍòonɡ deaf, completely xàas bòor disappear, be out of sight ooraá hoónt [tsãã̀ baá death máraɡ |m| ooraá ããs̀ ‘your house was not visible’] death throes zatkatán |f| diseases, range of, with skin manifestations deathly/cadaverous (color of skin), tanned (mottled skin, blue/dark spots, jaundice, (color of skin) kiṣõõ̀ 2 |sg m| etc) aspá |f| aspá šaraìnt pìil aspá defecate bòoli beént, ɡaṛàant |sg m prs|, ɡhõõ̀ dizziness ɡíru |m| ɡíru eént adùus šaaràant feel dizzy ɡíru eént [asĩĩ̀ ɡíru eént ‘he is feeling delirious, is beehòoš manàant dizzy’], thamburzàant depression wáham |m| do a spinal tap ḍàan wìi nheelàant diabetes šúɡur [ṣás màaṣ tal šúɡur thu ‘this doze, be half-asleep ɡhunḍaánt |prs sg m| man/person has diabetes’] šúɡurãĩ bimaarìi , dream n sũũ̀ |f| sũũ̀ iínt sũũ̀ pašàant šúɡurãĩ bimaarìi dream, have a dream sũũ̀ iínt (lit. 'dream diarrhea and vomiting c̣ìi-tsaaṛ |f| [asií c̣ìi-tsaaṛ comes'), sũũ̀ pašàant (lit. 'see a dream') iíthi ‘he has diarrhea and vomiting’], baqaí |f| nightmare, bad dream atshìk sũũ̀ |f| diarrhea with cramps, mucus and blood karáṭ dried bark used for moxibustion khùu |m| |f| [asĩĩ̀ karáṭ iínt ‘he has diarrhea with drink puàant |prs sg m| khaál-puul cramps’] karáṭ iínt drool làal waánt have diarrhea with cramps karáṭ iínt drooling adj laalɡàl |m| diarrhea, (watery) bhayàak |f| [asĩĩ̀ bhayàak thi drop n ṭìp 1 |f| [ḍaakṭár dawaí ããc̣ìi maz ṭìp ‘he has diarrhea’] karàant ‘the doctor is administering the drops die maràant |sg m prs| [ṹ buc̣há dií maríthu ‘he into the eyes’, ṭìp waínt ‘drops are coming starved to death’] marèel , sàa nikaínt [asĩĩ̀ sàa down/there is dripping’] nikaíthi ‘he has died’] (lit. 'breath leaves'), sàa drown hírpiṭ hoónt 1 deént [ẽẽ̀ sàa deéthe ‘he has died’] (lit. 'give drowsy/sleepy, is nìiẓ-bi-nìiẓ hoónt one's breath'), sàa ukaínt [asĩĩ̀ sàa ukaíthi ‘he dryness xuškìi 1 |f| E e ear kàaṇ |m| [asĩĩ̀ kàṇ šarèel the/asĩĩ̀ kàṇ lamzèel cup one's ears (to hear better) tãã̀ kàṇ the/asĩĩ̀ kàṇ khinɡìr the ‘his ears are sticking khinɡirraánt out’, ] kàaṇ deént kàaṇ tsumbàint kàṇãã bòond ear cleaning instrument kaṇkurùi |f| kàṇãã paṛdàa kàṇãĩ kurčìi kaṇṣùi deént tãã̀ kàṇ ear studs ṭeepás |m| khinɡirraánt ear wax moól |m| auditory canal kàṇãã bòond eardrum kàṇãã paṛdàa |m| (lit. 'curtain of the cartilage in ear kàṇãĩ kurčìi |f| ear') inner ear, the part that is not visible muruú |f| earlobe phitirtyuú |f| pierce ear kàaṇ tsumbàint earring mundrìi |f| 27 fever eat eat khaánt |m sg prs| khaál-puul outer corner of eye ããc̣ìãã khiŋɡãã̀ ɡuúṭ |m| eavesdrop kaṇṣùi deént open eyes ããc̣ìi khulàa karàant eczema n weesaáp |f| close eyes ããc̣ìi bánd karàant, ããc̣ìi puliaánt elbow ṭhunɡùri [ṭhuŋɡùyrʸ] |f| ṭhunɡùriãã bánd eyes blink ããc̣ìi ṭháp-ṭhap hoínt [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi elbow joint ṭhunɡùriãã bánd ṭháp-ṭhap hoínt ‘his eyes are blinking’] embrace palṭuzàant 2 blink one's eyes ããc̣ìi ráp-rap karàant [ũ tãĩ̀ epileptic grand mal seizure mirɡìi 2 |f| mirɡìãã ããc̣ìi ráp-rap karàant ‘he is blinking his ɣoṭàa eyes’] examine (doctor a patient) nhaalàant [ḍaakṭár rub one's eyes ããc̣ìi ɡhaṣàant, ããc̣ìi marooṭàant mariz̀ mašiná hin nhaalàant ‘the doctor is [ṹ tãĩ̀ ããc̣ìi marooṭàant ‘he is rubbing his examining the patient with the stethoscope’] eyes’] excrement bahaár |m| ɡhõõ̀ bahaár tsùn bahaár , lower one's eyes/glance ããc̣ìi wáha dhayàant bòol |m| bòoli beént ɡhõõ̀ bòol ɡhõõ̀ bòolãĩ raise one's eyes ããc̣ìi talá tal dhayàant zaí eyes roll ããc̣ìi phirzàint [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi phirzàint ‘his exercise |n|wardèš |f| eyes are rolling’] exercise |v| wardèš karàant roll one's eyes ããc̣ìi phirwaánt [ṹ tãĩ̀ ããc̣ìi exhale, breathe out šùu karàant phirwaánt ‘he is rolling his eyes’] expecting, pregnant adj umeenwàar, põõsìil 2 |f| eyes water ããc̣ìoon wìi beént eye ããc̣í [ããýc̣ʸ] |f| [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi tsùni hoínt ‘his shade one's eyes tãĩ̀ ããc̣ìõõ tal hàt deént eyes are small (said of old people/of people one-eyed adj ek-ac̣iàa |m| from East Asia)’, asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìi ṭànḍ lak thi ‘his eye lashes papàyãã bàal eyes are popping out of his head’] ããc̣ìãã bálap eyebrow rúzai |f| ããc̣ìãã khiŋɡãã̀ ɡuúṭ ããc̣ìãã mac̣uú ããc̣ìãã eyelid papài |f| papàyãã bàal mázãã ɡuúṭ ããc̣ìi bánd karàant ããc̣ìi ɡanḍàant upper eyelid tàali papài

ããc̣ìi ɡhaṣàant ããc̣ìi khulàa karàant ããc̣ìi lower eyelid tsùuri papài marooṭàant ããc̣ìi máṛaq karàant ããc̣ìi drooping eyelid lamzil̀ papài phirwaánt ããc̣ìi phirzàint ããc̣ìi ráp-rap karàant eyesight 1 |m| [ ̀ ‘he has ããc̣ìi ṭáq karàant ããc̣ìi ṭìir hoínt ããc̣ìi ṭháp-ṭhap nazár asĩĩ názar kám thu a poor eyesight’] hoínt ããc̣ìi wáha dhayàant ããc̣ìoon wìi beént nazár aánt nazár ṣayaánt ̀ ããc̣ìõõ paṛdàa comp. ek-ac̣iàa tãĩ̀ ããc̣ìõõ tal hàt suɡàa nazár tìiz nazár ṭhakũũ nazár good eyesight , deént suɡàa nazár tìiz nazár blurred eyesight ̀ inner corner of eye ããc̣ìãã mázãã ɡuúṭ |m| ṭhakũũ nazár F f face bašár |m| [tú tãã̀ bašará wãĩ sài karà, thòp fasting, having an empty stomach niràin-kaai hoóthu ‘look at your face, it is dirty’] [tú niràin-kaai hin é ‘come with an empty faint, become unconscious behòoš hoónt, stomach’] bephíkara hoónt 1 fat adj bhápaṭ |m|, ɣúndur, ṭhùl, xarmánḍ fart, wind n tsìi |f| tsìi deént fatty tissue mẽõ̀ |m| fart, pass wind tsìi deént feces ɡũũ̀ |m|, ɡhõõ̀ bahaár, ɡhõõ̀ bòol fast n rozá |m| rozá bhayàant rozá hoónt fever zoór |f| [zuriá man žhaṭká iínt ‘with the fast, keep fast v rozá bhayàant, rozá hoónt fever rising the patient is having rigors’, ṹ [ɡharimaáṣ rozá hoínt ‘the woman is fasting’] zurĩĩ̀ zòor hin beehòoš manàant ‘he is in a feverish delirium’, zoór kaám hoint ‘the fever 28

temperature is falling’] ɡáram zoór ɡhãĩ̀ zoór flutter (eyelids) ráp-rap hoónt tsùni zoór zoór iínt zoór nhaalàant fontanel ḍanɡuí 2 [ḍaŋɡuí] |f|, phùupul |m| high fever ɡáram zoór, ɡhãĩ̀ zoór ɡuṭùm phùupul low-grade fever tsùni zoór sunken-in fontanel ɡuṭùm phùupul have fever zoór iínt food craving asàa |m| [ṹ asàa karàint ‘she has take (sb's) temperature zoór nhaalàant food craving’] figure, physique ḍanḍá1 |m| [asĩĩ̀ ḍanḍá suɡàa foot khuúr 2 |m| [asĩĩ̀ khurá bidàl the ‘he has flat thu ‘he has a good figure’] feet’, asĩĩ̀ khurá tshìil the ‘he has splayfeet’] finger anɡùi 1 |f| anɡùyãã bánd anɡùyãã ẓuúk ek-khuriàa khurãã̀ anɡòo khurãĩ̀ anɡùi khurãĩ̀ anɡùyõõ ṭás karàant kiṭìiš aŋɡùi khurãĩ̀ anɡùi talìi khurõõ̀ khaṛpàa khurõõ̀ liindìi khurõõ̀ rài mhazwàali aŋɡùi khuúr labár karàant the small finger kiṭìiš aŋɡùi sole of foot khurãĩ̀ talìi the middle finger mhazwàali aŋɡùi arch of foot khurõõ̀ khaṛpàa fingertip anɡùyãã ẓuúk |m| footprint khurõõ̀ rài fingerprint, give one's anɡúṭ ṣayaánt [ṹ tãã̀ forearm bakhũĩ̀ |f| anɡúṭ ṣayaánt ‘he is giving his finger print’] forehead, brow kapàal |m|, tàal2 |m| [asĩĩ̀ tàal take sb's fingerprint anɡúṭ ṣayaayaánt [ṹ mĩĩ̀ ɡhõõ̀ thu ‘he has a high forehead’, ṹ tàalãĩ anɡúṭ ṣayaayaánt ‘he is taking my ɡhaṇaí diínt ‘she is wrinkling her fingerprint’] forehead/frowning’] tàal karàant tàalãã hàaṛ fist with thumb covered or flexed ṭhoosàa |m| frontal bone tàalãã hàaṛ ṭhoosàa hin deént bulge of skin caused by creasing one's fist with thumb sticking out múṭhi [muyṭhʸ] |f| forehead ɡhanḍaá 4 |f| flesh, body tissue masùu 2 |m| bàṭ masùu kaw̃àl forelock of men tsònḍ |m| masùu pìnḍiãã àl masùu sáthiãã àl masùu forelock of women tsanḍuú |m| muscle tissue, lit. 'hard/firm flesh' bàṭ masùu foreskin phiíphaṛ |m| wobbly body tissue/flesh, lit. 'soft flesh' kaw̃àl freckle, small spot ṭikùi |f| masùu G g gall stone patrìi 2 |f| goiter ɣáru |m| ɣarùu gall, gall bladder pìit1 |m| with goiter adj ɣarùu |m| gas, wind bàad |f| bàad waínt baadií maráz hàtõõ goose pimples šilkanḍá |m| šilkanḍá uulí hoónt bàad iíthi , ɡèes |f| get goose pimples šilkanḍá uulí hoónt pass wind bàad waínt grab (sb) by the throat ɣònḍii ukhaalàant gasp, have death rattle sàa ẓikzàint (lit. 'breath groan, grunt n dókh |m| [làk maasúm dókh is getting prolonged'), sàa ẓháṭ hoónt deént ‘the baby is grunting’] dókh deént , gastric/epigastric region kaaí 1 |f| [mĩĩ̀ kaaí zurùi |f| zurùyõõ deént diínt ‘I feel like/I want to’, kaaí tàl-tsoor thi groan, grunt v dókh deént, kutshàant |m sg ‘the stomach is upset’] niràin-kaai prs|, zurùyõõ deént genitals baarìik zaí, mùuṭhi surát groin sáthiãã mùunḍ, tsáki [tseýkʸ] |f| tsak-tsiíl glance, have a glance at ããc̣ìi máṛaq karàant dií bhayàant glasses češmìi |f| češmìi deént grow up fast ḍháṛ ɡalàant wear glasses češmìi deént [màaṣe češmìi gullet marìi 1 |f| phapãĩ̀ marìi deéthe ‘the man is wearing glasses’] gulp, down (water/fluids) čikìi deént [ṹ wìi gobble, wolf down ɣaṛámbu khaánt |prs sg m| čikìi deént ‘he is downing water’] 29 heart attack gums gums dandrasá |f| dandrás tsirìil thi gut, intestine ããẓ́ H h hair bàal1 |m| bàal nikaánt kašàalõõ bàal kaw̃àl clap hands once hàa taráp karàant bàal kirɡìṭ bàal koròṭ bàal papàyãã bàal clap hands repeatedly hàa taráp-tarap karàant phàrzõõ bàal ṣũũṣ̀ bàal feel with one's hand the temperature of sth hair in armpit kašàalõõ bàal hàa deént 2 pubic hair phàrzõõ bàal hare lip tsirèel dhuút fine hair kaw̃àl bàal head ṣíṣ 1 |m| ɡùur ṣíṣ kiṣõõ̀ ṣíṣ lhamlùu ṣíṣ thick hair koròṭ bàal panàr ṣíṣ ṣíṣ c̣yũũ̀ thu ṣíṣ khaṭõõ̀ thu ṣíṣ curly hair kirɡìṭ bàal nikaánt ṣíṣ talũũ̀ thu ṣíṣ ṭák-ṭak karàant ṣíṣ straight hair ṣũũṣ̀ bàal zhál-zhal karàant ṣíṣ ẓìk thu ṣiṣãã̀ hàaṛ ṣiṣãĩ̀ hair falls out bàal nikaánt, ṣíṣ nikaánt rĩĩ̀ hair (on head) ṣíṣ 2 |m| ɡùur ṣíṣ kiṣõõ̀ ṣíṣ nod one's head indicating 'yes' ṣíṣ zhál-zhal lhamlùu ṣíṣ panàr ṣíṣ ṣíṣ c̣yũũ̀ thu ṣíṣ khaṭõõ̀ karàant thu ṣíṣ nikaánt ṣíṣ talũũ̀ thu ṣíṣ ṭák-ṭak karàant shake one's head indicating 'no' ṣíṣ ṭák-ṭak ṣíṣ zhál-zhal karàant ṣíṣ ẓìk thu ṣiṣãã̀ hàaṛ ṣiṣãĩ̀ karàant rĩĩ̀ head of thighbone ɡupìiãã hàaṛ brown hair ɡùur ṣíṣ health, disposition tibhaát |f| [asĩĩ̀ tibhaát našíthi red hair lhamlùu ṣíṣ ‘his health is poor (also said when sb is worrying black hair kiṣõõ̀ ṣíṣ a lot)’] white hair panàr ṣíṣ hear, listen ṣõàant |prs sg m| have full hair ṣíṣ c̣yũũ̀ thu hearing aid suučí2 2 [suuýčʸ] |f| have short hair ṣíṣ khaṭõõ̀ thu hearing, hard of bòor |m| xàas bòor have thin hair ṣíṣ talũũ̀ thu heart halaalií |f| say. asĩĩ̀ halaalií dhaizìil thi say. have long hair ṣíṣ ẓìk thu asĩĩ̀ halaalií ɡhãĩ̀ thi say. asĩĩ̀ halaalií lik thi hair parting ṣiṣãĩ̀ rĩĩ̀ say. halaalií hin xapàa hoónt say. kasĩĩ̀ halaalií hamstrings aṣènɡãĩ raɡiá man bòond karàant say. mĩĩ̀ halaalií pàak thi hand hàa 1 |m| [mĩĩ̀ hàa darãã̀ man tsapzíthu ‘my say. ṣás baál halaalií hara! , hìiu |m| [hìiu hand got caught in the door’, mĩĩ̀ hàa darãã̀ ḍhám-ḍham hoónt ‘the heart is beating’, hìiu man zakzíthu ‘my hand was caught/crushed in bhák-bhak hoónt ‘the heart is beating the door’, darããè mĩĩ̀ hàa zakáthe ‘the door quickly/is pounding’, hìiu tìiz deént ‘the heart caught/crushed my hand’] dac̣hõõ̀ hàa ek- is beating quickly’] say. asĩĩ̀ hìiu bánd thu say. hatiàa hàa deént hàa milaá baṛɡáṛ karàant hàa asĩĩ̀ hìiu kamzòor thu say. asĩĩ̀ hìiu kamzòor taráp karàant hàa taráp-tarap karàant hàtãã thu/làk thu say. asĩĩ̀ hìiu khulàa thu say. baaliá bánd hàtãĩ talìi hàtõõ bàad iíthi hàtõõ dùu tãã̀ hìi man tshaánt hìiãã hàaṛ hìiu dazaánt hìiu liindìi khabùu hàa dazàant hìiu dhaizàant hìiu ṣõàant hìiu-dhaizĩĩ̀ right hand dac̣hõõ̀ hàa bimaarìi hĩĩ̀ ḍònɡi left hand khabùu hàa 1 have heartburn hìiu dazàant right-handed adj dac̣hàt auscultate heart hìiu ṣõàant left-handed adj khabhàt |m| heart attack háṭpheel |m| háṭpheel hoónt one-handed adj ek-hatiàa |m| have a heart attack háṭpheel hoónt [ṹ háṭpheel shake hands hàa deént 1, hàa milaá baṛɡáṛ hoóthu ‘he has had a heart attack’] karàant heat rash 30 heat rash ɡarmìãã kùl ɡarmìãã kùl nikaánt , have hiccup hiṛík iínt [asĩĩ̀ hiṛík iínt ‘he has thotór |f| thotór ukaínt hiccup’] get a heat rash ɡarmìãã kùl nikaánt [mií tal hip bone sáthi-tàlãã hàaṛ ɡarmìãã kùl nikaíthe ‘I have got a heat rash’], hip joint ɡupìi |f| ɡupìiãã hàaṛ thotór ukaínt hospital aspatàal |m| heatstroke palaák |f| [ṹ palaák hoóthu ‘he has hunchback šúp |m| [asĩĩ̀ ḍàa tal šúp nikaíthu ‘he got a sunstroke’] palaák hoónt has got a hunchback’] have a heatstroke/sunstroke palaák hoónt hunger buúc̣h |m| [miiɡeé sáx buúc̣h iíthu ‘I am heel thùri [thùyr] |f| [mĩĩ̀ thùri phalíthi ‘my heel very hungry’] is cracked’] thùrĩĩ ráɡ hungry buc̣hòo |m sg| henna nakríz |m| nakríz deént hurt v šilaánt |prs sg m| [mĩĩ̀ ḍàa šilaánt ‘my apply henna nakríz deént back hurts’] hiccup hiṛík |f| hiṛík iínt hurt, is sore khatzàant |sg f| I i ill bimàar, marzií, naažòoṛ 1 give injection sũĩ̀ deént ill, unwell zabùun |m| injured ɡhaal-bazeél |m|, žùubul ill, very; weakened zayìib intoxication našá |f| našá karàant našá man illness n maráz |f| marzií hoónt illness of infants, symptoms of; livid mottled take drugs našá karàant 1 skin, grunting, seizures; lit.'moxibustion is intoxicated našá man hoónt spots have come' daí iíthi (lit: ‘moxibustion iris (of eye) mac̣uú |m| spots have come’), sirímux |m| itch n kaáṇ |f| kaáṇ diínt kaaṇãĩ̀ bimaarìi incisors muṭhãã̀ dàna itching, is kaáṇ diínt [asĩĩ̀ kaáṇ diínt/asií tal incontinent, is; can't control urine tsùn bòol kaáṇ diínt ‘he is itching’] hin beewàak hoónt, tsùn bòol kanṭròol man nii IV drip ḍaràap |m| [ṹ ḍaràap ṣayaánt ‘he starts hoónt, tsùn bòol qaabùu nii hoónt an I.V. drip’] ḍaràap šayaánt infertile šànḍ injection sũĩ̀ 2 |f| du-šinɡ sũĩ̀ dušìnɡ sũĩ̀ hiphaazatĩĩ̀ sũĩ̀ sũĩ̀ deént J j jaundice zaṛaí |f| zaṛaí hoónt , pìil aspá stiff joint dhaizèel bánd (lit. 'the joint that has jaw žàamii |f| tàali žàamii tsùuri žàamii been grabbed') upper jaw tàali žàamii joint, become dislocated bánd nikaánt lower jaw tsùuri žàamii reset joint bánd zaí aánt [tabìib asĩĩ̀ bánd ãí joint bánd2 |m| bánd nikaánt bánd zaí aánt aánt ‘the traditional healer is resetting his dhaizèel bánd ɡhùunḍãã bánd hàtãã bánd joint’] phiãã̀ bánd ṭhunɡùriãã bánd K k 31 magical blowing kidney kidney ẓuúk 2 |m| draw up one's knees kùṭh ṭunɡurá karàant kidney stone patrìi 3 |f| bend knee kùuṭh ṭùul karàant kill (sb) by smothering him ãĩ̀ bánd kareé sàa kneel kùṭh šaaràant nheelàant knot ɡhanḍaá 1 |f| knee kùuṭh |m| kùṭh ṭunɡurá karàant kùṭhãĩ knuckle anɡùyãã bánd khinḍuúri kùuṭh ṭunɡurá karàant kùuṭh ṭùul crack one's knuckles anɡùyõõ ṭás karàant [ṹ karàant tãĩ̀ anɡùyõõ ṭás karàant ‘he is cracking his hollow of the knee aṣènɡ [aṣèŋ] |f| nuckles’] kneecap kùṭhãĩ khinḍuúri L l labor, in naažòoṛ 2 limp, hobble khuṛaánt |m sg prs| is in labor maasmá hin bimàar hoínt, maasmá lip dhuút 1 |m| bakùl dhút dhút karàant dhút hin naažòoṛ hoínt khác̣ karàant dhút lamaánt dhút pháṣ-phaṣ lap wài |f| wài man maasúm hoónt dhút ráp-rap hoónt dhút tsák karàant laugh hasàant |m sg prs| dhút ẓikiraínt tàal dhuút tsirèel dhuút tsòor leave, abandon phát karàant 1 dhuút tsùn dhút leg khuúr 1 |m| [asĩĩ̀ khurá khép the ‘he is knock- upper lip tàal dhuút kneed’] ek-khuriàa khurãã̀ anɡòo khurãĩ̀ anɡùi lower lip tsòor dhuút khurãĩ̀ talìi khurõõ̀ khaṛpàa khurõõ̀ liindìi thin lips tsùn dhút khurõõ̀ rài khuúr labár karàant full lips bakùl dhút lower leg pìnḍi [pìnḍʸ] |f| pìnḍiãã àl masùu hare lip tsirèel dhuút pìnḍiãã hàaṛ pout one's lips dhút ẓikiraínt (lit. 'make one's tibia and fibula, the two bones of the lower lips long') leg khurõõ̀ liindìi smack lips (for instance to taste food) dhút drag one's leg behind khuúr labár karàant tsák karàant one-legged ek-khuriàa |m| sulk dhút lamaánt (lit. 'hang one's lips') leprosy rããz̀ |f| [múṭhãĩ xalak ɡhãĩ̀ rããz̀ hin lipstick surxài 2 |f| [ṹ surxài diínt ‘she is marããsè ‘in the past, people died of leprosy’] applying lip stick’] lethargic, sluggish rùul |m| lips of vulva; labia ɡabãã̀ dhút lick tsaṭàant |m sg prs| listen, lit. 'give ear' kàaṇ deént |prs sg m| lie down luàant |sg m prs| liver šùur |m| life zindaɡìi |f|, žuundún |f| loin kuúc̣hi [kuúyc̣hʸ] |f| limb, without kúnḍur [ũ kúnḍur thi ‘she has lost louse zũĩ ́ |f| limbs’] lung pháp |f| phapãĩ̀ marìi phapãĩ̀ naalìi limbs hát-khura M m madness, insanity, craziness phaaɡaltùup |f| [ṹ cast a blow, perform magical blowing hudàa phaaɡaltùup karàant ‘he is mad/behaving karàant crazily’] perform magical blowing dám ɡalàant 1 magical blowing hudàa |m| hudàa karàant , dám perform magical blowing on water wìi dám 2 |f| dám deént dám ɡalàant wìi dám karàant karàant make-up 32 make-up surxài 1 |f| mouth ãĩ̀ |f| ãĩ̀ baatiriaánt ãĩ̀ bánd kareé sàa massage, pressing čhaapìi |f| čhaapìi karàant nheelàant ãĩ̀ patsàint ãĩ̀ šišíthi ãĩ̀ tal hàa deént give a pressing massage čhaapìi karàant ãĩ̀ wìi ayaánt ãĩaǹ bíri iínt ãĩaǹ bíri nikaínt massage, stroking maalúš |f| maalúš karàant ãĩaǹ ɡhãã̀ deént ḍhìil ãĩ̀ give a stroking massage maalúš karàant big/wide mouth ḍhìil ãĩ̀ measles dodòl |m| [dodòl ukaithe ‘measles have wipe one's mouth dhút khác̣ karàant broken out’] open one's mouth ãĩ̀ baatiriaánt medicine dawaí |f| cover one's mouth ãĩ̀ tal hàa deént 1 medicine, traditional dàaru |m| have a dry mouth ãĩ̀ šišíthi meningitis, illness with a stiff neck ṣakbìiṭ |f| have a sore mouth ãĩ̀ patsàint [asĩĩ̀ ãĩ̀ patsithi menstruation, menstrual period bimaarìi 2 |f| ‘his mouth is sore’] [asĩĩ̀ bimaarìi lánɡ huúthi ‘she has missed one make (sb's) mouth water ãĩ̀ wìi ayaánt menstruation’] atshìk bimaarìi hìiu-dhaizĩĩ̀ have froth coming out of the mouth ãĩaǹ bíri bimaarìi kaaṇãĩ̀ bimaarìi saalanḍĩĩ̀ bimaarìi iínt, ãĩaǹ bíri nikaínt šúɡurãĩ bimaarìi , kúl |m| [asĩĩ̀ ek kúl ṭhánɡ move, walk tilàant |m sg prs| tsaur-khùr hoó hoóthu ‘she has missed one menstrual period’] tilàant mentally ill menṭàl [ṹ menṭàl hoóthu ‘he has moxibustion daá |f| daá deént daí iíthi become mentally ill’] menṭàlõõ aspatàal perform moxibustion; traditional treatment asylum, hospital for the mentally ill menṭàlõõ daá deént [ṹ dàn tal daí deént ‘he is applying aspatàal moxibustion to an aching tooth’] milk c̣hiír |m| c̣hiír lòṭ hoóthu c̣hiràn áti karàint mumps kanḍháp |m| c̣hiràn tsiṭàint ḍapṭõõ̀ c̣hiír tãã̀ c̣hiír puyaínt mute čaaṛàa |m| mole tsãũ̀ |m| mutter, mumble dhút ráp-rap hoónt, dhút pháṣ- moustache phùnɡ [phùŋ] |m| phaṣ hoónt N n nail (of finger, toe) naákh |m| nakh-tsíṭ nakhá nipple phúṭi 2 |f| kurpàant nakhá tsapàant nit lhiíṣ |f| cut nails nakhá kurpàant nod v zhál-zhal karàant 1 bite fingernails nakhá tsapàant nod one's head indicating 'yes' ṣíṣ zhál-zhal torn skin around fingernail matskanḍá |m| karàant nail cutter nakh-tsíṭ |m| nose nathòor |m| nathòor buí čák thu nathòor naked náno |m| dhaizèel thu nathòor dhayàant nathòor karàant nausea óki [oýkʸ] |f| óki iínt nathòorãã hàaṛ nathòorãĩ ɡàli nathòorãĩ kurčìi is nauseated, is sick, is retching, is heaving nathòorãĩ khínɡ nathòorãĩ phúṭi rizèel nathòor óki iínt tsànɡ nathòor navel pambuú |f| nose bone nathòorãã hàaṛ neck ṣaák |m| ṣakãã̀ hàaṛ ridge of nose nathòorãĩ ɡàli |f| neck bone, cervical spine ṣakãã̀ hàaṛ nasal septum nathòorãĩ kurčìi neck of womb, cervix ɡabãĩ̀ ãĩ̀ , laṛmùunḍ |m|, side of nose nathòorãĩ khínɡ suprá |m| tip of nose nathòorãĩ phúṭi nettle rash/hives, a kind of, caused by sitting flat nose rizèel nathòor close to the fire pìit2 |m| [pìit ukaánt ‘break pointed nose tsànɡ nathòor out in a nettle rash’] have a snub nose nathòor buí čák thu nightmare, bad dream atshìk sũũ̀ |f| 33 pulse that can be felt through the navel nose

hold one's nose so as not to smell nathòor pick one's nose ṣùli karoónt dhayàant nose bleed nathiàa |m| nathiàa waánt turn up one's nose/wrinkle one's nose nathòor have a nose bleed nathiàa waánt karàant 1 nose stud natkìi |f| have a runny nose šãã̀ waánt nostril ṣùli 1 [ṣùylʸ] |f| ṣùli bhák-bhak karàant blow one's nose šãã̀ munií ṣĩĩ̀ karàant ṣùli karàant ṣùli karoónt ṣùli phaṣkaánt blow one's nose and clean with fingers šãã̀ šár have flaring nostrils ṣùli bhák-bhak karàant karàant dilate one's nostrils (for instance while wipe one's nose šãã̀ khac̣ karàant straining) ṣùli phaṣkaánt O o ointment malhám |m| [ṹ malhám palàant ‘he is ointment in a tube barnàal |m| applying ointment’] P p pain zhùuk |f| zhùuk iínt zhùuk tibàant zhùukãĩ pine resin used to remove body hair tsiɡùĩ zài ɡuulìi placenta, afterbirth kaaí 2 |f| niràin-kaai , have pain zhùuk iínt maasmãĩ̀ marɡálai (lit. 'child's companion'), endure pain zhùuk tibàant marɡálai 2 |f| maasmãĩ̀ marɡálai pain, excrutiating, like the pain when one has plait (hair) v buṭaínt been burnt dázõõ |m| [miiɡeé dázõõ ṣazíthu ‘I plait, big braid n čõõṭìi |f| have excrutiating pain/burning’] thin braid in front of ears; traditional painkiller zhùukãĩ ɡuulìi hairstyle of women lùnɡ [lùŋ] |m| palate, roof of mouth taalùu |m| taalùu man thin braid plaited across women's forehead; bòond traditional hairstyle warbál |m| pale/anemic pìil 2 [asĩĩ̀ raánɡ pìil hoónt ‘he plaster, cast palištár 1 |m| [ḍaakṭár hátãã palištár looks pale/anemic’] karàant ‘the doctor puts the hand in plaster’] palm talìi |f| hàtãĩ talìi khurãĩ̀ talìi poison bíṣ |m| palm of hand hàtãĩ talìi potbelly, paunch, bulge mooṛá 1 |m| paper, piece of; written by maulvi then put powder phooḍár2 |m| phooḍár ɡalàant into water; the patient has to drink the pregnant põõsìil 2 |f| water with the diluted ink; traditional get pregnant dharàant 2 |prs sg m| [ṹ dharàint treatment tsàaxta |m| naii ‘she does not get pregnant’] paralyzed šál private parts surát 1 |f| mùuṭhi surát pàati surát parting rĩĩ̀ |f| rĩĩ̀ tseeràant ṣiṣãĩ̀ rĩĩ̀ surát karáp karàant suurtiãã̀ hàaṛ hair parting ṣiṣãĩ̀ rĩĩ̀ pubic bone suurtiãã̀ hàaṛ part the hair rĩĩ̀ tseeràant pubic hair, lit. 'hair of obligation' phàrzõõ bàal patient marìiz |m| puerperium, period of 40 days after giving penis of small boy čičuú 1 |f| birth tsilixtìi |f| pharmacy iṣṭòor |m| pulse nábaz |m| nábaz dhayàant pierce ear kàaṇ tsumbàint check the pulse nábaz dhayàant pill ɡuulìi |f| zhùukãĩ ɡuulìi pulse that can be felt through the navel tùni pimple, boil kùl 2 |m| [tùyn] |f| tùni uc̣hàint tùni zaí aínt pulse that can be felt through the navel 34

lift up the pulse; traditional treatment for pupil (of eye) bálap 2 |m| ããc̣ìãã bálap infertility, weakness tùni uc̣hàint, tùni zaí pus naú |m| [lòṭan naú nikaánt ‘the lump is aínt suppurating’], pũṹs |m| pũṹs nikaánt R r radius and ulna, the two bones of the forearm replete, full adj čipèel [sãĩ ́ čipèel the ‘they are hàtõõ dùu liindìi full’] rancid, smelly čìṭ 1 reproduce, multiply pharàant red (skin colour), flushed lhamlùu 2 |m| respirator dhẽẽsãã̀ mašín |m| lhamlùu-phut retch báq-baq karàant 1 redness lhambuulihàari 1 [lhambuuylhàayrʸ] |f| rib pàši [pàyšʸ] |f| replete, is čipàant |sg m prs| [ṹ čipíthu ‘he is rock (a baby in one's arms) zhál-zhal karàant 2 full’] čipèel S s saliva, spittle làal |m| làal waánt laalbánd shoulder blade phiãã̀ ṭhápar laalɡàl shoulder joint phiãã̀ bánd saltless, sugarless alũũ̀ |m| sickly, delicate, in poor health ranzùur |m| scab kèeṛ |m|, páṭ 3 |m| sigh haɡaár |f| haɡaár deént scabies, lit. 'illness of itching' kaaṇãĩ̀ bimaarìi sigh, lit. 'give a sigh' v haɡaár deént [ṹ haɡaár scale (of skin), white bársãã phápaṭ |m| deént ‘he is sighing’] scalp, infection of; hair loss in patches, sign, use sign language ašaartiá karàant pustules khasár |f| sip ṣúk karàant scar of burn dazèelãã ṭíkar |m| sit, sit down bhayàant [tú bhaí ‘sit down’] see pašàant |sg m prs| [hillá ma pašàant ‘I see (it) sit cross-legged, lit. 'with wide (open) groin' with difficulty/I can just make (it) out’, ṹ tsak-tsiíl dií bhayàant káts/kátsan pašàant ‘he is short-sighted’, ṹ is sitting bhèeṭ thu [ũ šẽẽ̀ tal bhèeṭ thu ‘he is duúr/duuruú pašàant ‘he is farsighted’] sitting on the string bed’] see, look at sài karàant |prs m sg| site of voice maaṣá |m| [mĩĩ̀ maaṣá dhaizíthu ‘I seizure ɣoṭàa |m| ɣoṭàa eént mirɡìãã ɣoṭàa have a hoarse voice’] maaṣá dhaizàant maaṣá epileptic grand mal seizure mirɡìi 2 |f| mirɡìãã ṣazàant ɣoṭàa skin tsàam 1 |m| have a seizure ɣoṭàa eént [ás tal ɣoṭàa eént ‘he skin infection, bacterial patsaál |f| has seizures/epilepsy’] skull kakrìi |f|, koókor |m|, ṣiṣãã̀ hàaṛ semen xawàndãã wìi lower part of skull backside ɡhanḍaá 3 |f| [mĩĩ̀ shin pìnḍiãã hàaṛ ɡhaṇḍaí man zhùuk thi ‘I have pain in the shingles lám |f| [tasií tal lám nikaíthi ‘he has got back of my head’] shingles’] sleep nìiẓ |f| nìiẓ iínt nìiẓ-bi-nìiẓ hoónt shiver, tremble, shake v rák-rak hoónt, dár-dar is sleepy, lit. 'sleep comes' nìiẓ iínt hoónt |pst m sg| go to sleep sút beént [ṹ badaáṭu sút bazíthi ‘she shivering fit šíl 2 |m| šíl deént šilá hoónt went to sleep without anyone šilkanḍá noticing/quietly’] have a shivering fit šíl deént asleep sút [ũ sút thu ‘he is asleep’] sút beént shoulder phiàa |m| phiãã̀ bánd phiãã̀ ṭhápar 35 sleep, sand, the material that collects swallow in the corner of the eyes while sleeping sleep, sand, the material that collects in the stare, glance n phúṭ1 |f| phúṭ karàant corner of the eyes while sleeping phìis1 |f| start, flinch ẓháṭ hoónt, pák hoónt slurp n xaṛáp |sg f| [ek xaṛáp kara ‘take it in one state of being ill, state of being in labor slurp’] xaṛáp karàant xaṛáp-xaṛap karàant naažooṛtiàa |m| [ṹ maasmãã̀ naažooṛtiàa hin xaṛpaánt maríthi ‘she died during childbirth’] slurp v xaṛpaánt |prs m sg| stomach, tummy, abdomen kundúl |f| [mĩĩ̀ slurp (once) v xaṛáp karàant |sg m prs| kundiliá man zhùuk thi ‘I have (diffuse/all slurp (repeatedly) v xaṛáp-xaṛap karàant over) abdominal pain’], wàri [wèrʸ] |f| [mĩĩ̀ smallpox phòi |f| wàri bhaaṣuzíthi ‘my abdomen is distended’] smell ɡhãã̀ |m| ɡhãã̀ deént ɡhãã̀ karàant wàri baašìint wàri war awàaz eént wàrian smell, is smelly ɡhãã̀ deént |prs| [asìn ɡhãã̀ ɣaṛaí nikaínt wàrĩĩ zhaák thi , bàaṭ 1 |m| deént ‘he is smelly’] have a rumbling/grumbling stomach (being smell (sth) ɡhãã̀ karàant |sg m prs| [má hungry) wàri baašìint, wàri war awàaz eént, phùnḍoon ɡhãã̀ karàant ‘I smell the flowers’] wàrian ɣaṛaí nikaínt sneeze n zhìt |m| zhìt karàant zhìt waánt stout, plump ɡèṇ sneeze, lit. 'sneeze comes down' zhìt waánt strangle (sb), choke (sb) ɣònḍii dhayàant sneeze, lit. 'do a sneeze' zhìt karàant [ɣòʸnḍi] [ẽẽ̀ tasĩĩ̀ ɣònḍi dhaí sàa bánd karáthe sniff, wrinkle one's nose ṣùli karàant ‘he has killed him by strangling him’] sniffle šãã̀ šáp-šap karàant strength mažàal |f| [asií man mažàal nií thi snore xaránḍ karàant 1 |prs m sg| ‘there is no strength in him’], taaqát |f| snot šãã̀ 1 |m| šãã̀ buí ṣĩĩ̀ karàant šãã̀ khac̣ karàant stretch (arm, leg) ẓikàant šãã̀ munií ṣĩĩ̀ karàant šãã̀ šáp-šap karàant šãã̀ stretch oneself ẓikzàant šár karàant šãã̀ waánt stroke, have a ùuši rinɡàint 1 (lit. 'wind is sole of foot khurãĩ̀ talìi touching') sore, is patsàant |sg m prs| strong taaqatwár sour tsùk 1 |m| strong, energetic, active takhàr |m| takhartùup spicy, hot, very čìṭ 2 strong, healthy takṛá spine ḍãã̀ hàaṛ |m| strong, robust, firm bàṭ |m| [ṹ bàṭ màaṣ thu ‘he sacrum and coccyx, lower part of spine is a tough, strong man’] tapxàyãã hàaṛ stye ɡũũphoó |f| [asĩĩ̀ ããc̣ìa tal ɡũũphoó nikaíthi spit thúki ɡalàant, thúki karàant ‘he has got a stye’] spit three times to avert the evil eye thú-thu suck c̣uuṣàant |sg m prs| karàant suck in (air), gulp iíṣ karàant |sg m prs| [ṹ wìi spittle, saliva thúki [thuýkʸ] |f| thúki ɡalàant iíṣ-iiṣ karàant ‘he is gulping down/knocking thúki karàant back the water’] spleen šãã̀ 2 |f| suffer rabuṛzàant splinter, small, stuck in skin liít |f| [liít c̣ámbu suffocate, be crushed hírpiṭ hoónt 2 bazíthi ‘the splinter has got stuck in the skin’, sunstroke, heatstroke; headache, nausea, liít c̣ám huúthi ‘the splinter has got stuck in perspiration, weakness palaák |f| [ṹ palaák the skin’] hoóthu ‘he has got a sunstroke’] palaák hoónt spot ṭíkar |m| suppurate, drain (abscess) bús deént [rosãĩ̀ bús sputum balɣám |m|, khaarùus |m| diínt ‘the abscess is suppurating’, maasúm bús stare at ããc̣ìi ṭáq karàant, laá-laa hoónt |prs m deént ‘the child is sulking’], pũṹs nikaánt sg| [ṹ mií tal piirãã ́ laá-laa hoónt ‘he is staring swaddle a baby maasúm ɡanḍàant at me from over there’], phúṭ karàant swallow ɣurúṭ karàant swallow the wrong way 36 swallow the wrong way húpi biínt [mĩĩ̀ húpi sweet miṭhá bazíthi ‘I have swallowed (sth) the wrong swell bhaaṣzàant 1 [asĩĩ̀ khuúr bhaaṣzíthu ‘his leg way’] is swollen’] sweat n xolìi |f| xolìi iínt syringe žaksàn |m| sweat, perspire xolìi iínt [miiɡeé xolìi iínt ‘"I am sweating"’] T t tapeworm paṭìi |f| her pregnancy)’] taste, lit. 'look with tongue' zìib hin nhaalàant tincture, desinfectant ṭĩĩčár |m| tear n ác̣ |m| ác̣ eént ác̣ pooràant ác̣ waánt tip (of sth) phúṭi 1 |f| tears come ác̣ eént tire, get tired khizàant tears run down ác̣ waánt tire (sb) khizaánt |prs m sg| tendon ráɡ 2 |f| thùrĩĩ ráɡ tired adj khizèel testicle kùli [kùylʸ] |f| tissue/flesh, wobbly, lit. 'soft' kaw̃àl masùu thigh sáthi [seýthʸ] |f| sáthi-tàlãã hàaṛ sáthiãã àl toe anɡùi 2 |f| anɡùyãã bánd anɡùyãã ẓuúk masùu sáthiãã hàaṛ sáthiãã mùnḍãã hàaṛ anɡùyõõ ṭás karàant kiṭìiš aŋɡùi khurãĩ̀ anɡùi sáthiãã mùunḍ mhazwàali aŋɡùi , khurãĩ̀ anɡùi thigh bone sáthiãã hàaṛ big toe n khurãã̀ anɡòo soft tissue of thigh sáthiãã àl masùu tongue zìib 1 |f| zìib ɡaanɡooṛá hoínt zìib hin thin, small tsùn |m| tsùn ḍàa tsùni zoór čák-čak karàant zìib hin nhaalàant zìib think, lit. 'thought comes' suučí iínt nheelàant zìib ṣazàint think, lit. 'do thought' suučí karàant stick out tongue zìib nheelàant thirst c̣iíṣ |m| [màaṣi c̣iíṣ eént ‘the man is thirsty, click one's tongue zìib hin čák-čak karàant lit. 'thirst comes to the man'’] c̣iṣá hoónt tonsils, enlarged ṣòṭ man lòṭ (lit: ‘lump in become thirsty c̣iṣá hoónt throat’) thirsty adj c̣iṣòo |m sg| tooth dàan |m| [asĩĩ̀ dàn tàl-tsoor the ‘he has thought suučí1 [suuýčʸ] |f| suučí iínt suučí crooked teeth’, mĩĩ̀ ék dàan khaazíthu ‘one of karàant my teeth has a cavity’, mĩĩ̀ ék dàn maz bòond threadworms kimuušá |f| hoóthu ‘I have a cavity in one of my teeth’] bàṭ throat ṣòṭ |m| ṣòṭ man lòṭ dàna dàan waánt dàan waṭàant dàn ɡalàant dàn grab sb by the throat ɣònḍii ukhaalàant ɡaliaánt dàn karoónt dàn ṭás deént dàn ṭás-ṭas thumb anɡòo |m| anɡòo c̣uuṣàant khurãã̀ anɡòo , hoónt dàn tsapàant dànãĩ naá dànõõ búruš anɡúṭ2 [aŋɡúṭ] [tu mĩĩ̀ aŋɡúṭ dhaí ‘try to attack dànõõ ṭuúp dànõõ zhùuk muṭhãã̀ dàna tàal me if you dare’] anɡúṭ ṣayaánt anɡúṭ dàna tsòor dàna ṣayaayaánt milk teeth c̣hirdaná suck one's thumb anɡòo c̣uuṣàant permanent teeth bàṭ dàna tibia and fibula khurõõ̀ liindìi root of tooth dànãĩ naá tickle n xatìi |f| xatìi hoínt xatìi karàant incisors muṭhãã̀ dàna have a tickle xatìi hoínt, xatkuzàant upper teeth tàal dàna tickle (sb) xatìi karàant lower teeth tsòor dàna time, lenɡth of time, period (of pregnancy) lose a tooth dàan waánt mundá |m| [ɡharimaaṣeé mundá dharaáthe ‘the extract a tooth dàan waṭàant woman has given birth pre-term’, asĩĩ̀ mundá knock (sb's) teeth out dàn ɡalàant 1 tsòo bazíthu ‘she has gone past due date (in get false teeth dàn ɡaliaánt 37 walk with a stooptooth

pick one's teeth dàn karoónt tremble rák-rak hoónt, thár-thar hoónt |m sg gnash teeth dàn tsapàant [nìiẓ man ũ dàn prs|, tharkuzàant |intr prs m sg| tsapàant ‘he gnashes his teeth while tube (of ointment, toothpaste) ṭuúp |m| sleeping’] tuberculosis ṭiípii |f| the teeth are chattering dàn ṭás-ṭas hoónt tumor, kind of, palpable lump in upper tooth stick bisàak |m| abdomen, occurs when sb is toothache dànõõ zhùuk mourning/depressed buɣmá |m| toothbrush dànõõ búruš turn and toss, fidget, writhe? kaṭkuzàant 1 toothpaste dànõõ ṭuúp turn and toss, writhe? torso kúrum |m| twins duyèe |m| [asĩĩ̀ duyèe peedàa huúthe ‘she treatment ilàaži [ilàayžʸ] |f| ilàaži karàant has given birth to twins’] treat (disease) ilàaži karàant twist oneself, writhe moorṭuzàant U u umbilical cord láṛ 2 |m|, nài |f| hoóthu ‘I have to pee’] tsùn bòol hin beewàak cut the umbilical cord nài karàant hoónt tsùn bòol kanṭròol man nii hoónt tsùn unwell, not healthy naarùuɣ bòol qaabùu nii hoónt urinate, pee adùus šaaràant [ṹ adùus šaaràant uterus, womb ɡáb |m| ɡabãã̀ dhút lit. 'he is breaking the ceremonial cleanliness'], uvula žibìi |f|, žabìi |f| [maasmãĩ̀ žabìi waíthi muẓàant |sg m prs|, muẓãã ́ karàant, muẓãĩ ́ ‘the child has stranger's anxiety, lit. the child's beént uvula has come down’, ṹ maasmãĩ žabìi urine, lit. 'thin excrement' muẓãã ́ |m| muẓãã ́ uc̣haínt ‘she is treating the child's stranger's karàant muẓãĩ ́ beént , tsùn bòol [ma tsùn bòoli anxiety lit. 'she is lifting up the uvula'] V v vaccine injection hiphaazatĩĩ̀ sũĩ̀ deep voice ṭhùl awàaz [asĩĩ̀ ṭhùl awàaz thu ‘he vernix caseosa, the white sticky stuff on the has a deep voice’] skin of a newborn baby lài |f| high-pitched voice tsùn awàaz [ṣás visible líl [asĩĩ̀ baá líl nii hoónt ‘his house is not ɡharimaaṣãã̀ tsùn awàaz thu ‘this woman has visible (from here)’] a high-pitched voice’] vitiligo báras |m| bársãã phápaṭ raise one's voice awàaz karàant [ṹ tãã̀ awàaz voice awàaz |m| [asĩĩ̀ awàaz dhaizíthu ‘he has a karàant ‘he is raising his voice’] hoarse voice’] awàaz badál hoónt awàaz clear one's voice xár karàant |m sg prs| karàant ɡhõõ̀ awàaz ṭhùl awàaz tsùn awàaz voice is breaking awàaz badál hoónt loud voice ɡhõõ̀ awàaz [ṹ ɡhõõ̀ awàaz hin vomit n tsàaṛ |f| tsàaṛ iínt baaliá manàant ‘he is speaking with a loud vomit, throw up tsàaṛ iínt, tsaṛàant |sg m prs voice’] W w waist tsùn ḍàa wake up (sb) hár karàant |prs sg m| wake up hár hoónt |sg m prs| walk with a stoop ṭúŋ-ṭuŋ hoónt walnut husk used to color lips and gums 38 walnut husk used to color lips and gums weep roónt |prs m sg| dandaasá |m| well rùuɣ wart, raised spot on skin (coloured/with hair) wheelchair ɡaaḍiṭuú 2 |f| murzaadá |m| wheeze v xár-xar karàant 1 waste away, lose weight šíšãã beént whisper v púš-puš karàant wasted, emaciated šišèel |m| whistle v ṣyùu karàant watch, look nhaalàant 1 |m sg prs| [ṹ tàal buṭ whitlow, infection with abscess close to kareé nhaalàant ‘he is frowning/glaring’, ṹ fingernail phòo |m| tàal ɡhùči kareé nhaalàant ‘he is whooping cough khanɡuruú |m| frowning/glaring’, sãĩ ́ philím nhaalàante ‘they windpipe phapãĩ̀ marìi, phapãĩ̀ naalìi are watching a movie’, ṹ wáha nhaalàant ‘he is wink n ac̣ikòo [ayc̣kòo] |m| [ṹ ac̣ikòo deént ‘he looking down (because he is ashamed)’] is winking (at sb)’] wean ac̣hiirraínt |f sg prs| [ṹ tãã̀ maasúm worms (intestinal parasites) kimáṭ |m| ac̣hirraínt ‘she is weaning her child’], c̣hiràn wrinkled (skin) ɡotsùts áti karàint, c̣hiràn tsiṭàint (lit. 'cut (sb) off from wrist hàtãã bánd milk') Y y yawn n zhẽẽ̀ |f| zhẽẽ̀ deént zhẽẽ̀ iínt yawn, lit. 'give yawn' v zhẽẽ̀ deént yawn, lit. 'yawn comes' v zhẽẽ̀ iínt