EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF CONFLICT

2014 ANNUAL RESEARCH MEETING

BIOS ——————————

ESOC Members

Eli Berman is research director for international security studies at the UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, professor of economics at UC San Diego, a faculty member in the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a founding board member of the Economics of National Security Association. His research interests include economic development and conflict, the economics of religion, labor economics, technological change, and economic demography. His book Radical, Religious and Violent: The New Economics of Terrorism was published in 2009 by the MIT Press. Berman received his PhD in economics from Harvard University.

James D. Fearon is Theodore and Frances Geballe Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences and Professor of Political Science at Stanford University. His research focuses mainly on political violence—interstate, civil, and ethnic conflict, for example—though he has also worked on aspects of democratic theory and the impact of democracy on foreign policy. Fearon became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2012 and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2002. He has been a Program Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research since 2004. He served as Chair of the Department of Political Science at Stanford from 2008-2010. (not able to attend)

Joseph H. Felter is a Senior Research Scholar at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), Stanford University. Felter retired in 2012 from the US Army as a Colonel, following a career as a Special Forces and Foreign Area Officer with distinguished service in a variety of special operations, diplomatic and other military assignments. He recently led the International Security and Assistance Force, Counterinsurgency Advisory and Assistance Team deployed throughout reporting directly to General Stanley McChrystal and General David Petraeus, advising them on counterinsurgency tactics, operations and strategy. Felter is a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy (BS), the Harvard Kennedy School (MPA), and Stanford University (PhD). Felter’s research focuses on assessing and developing effective counterinsurgency forces and employment strategies.

David D. Laitin is the James T. Watkins IV and Elise V. Watkins Professor of Political Science at Stanford University. He received his BA from Swarthmore College and then served as a volunteer in Somalia and Grenada. He received his PhD in political science from UC Berkeley. Over his career, as a student of comparative politics, he has conducted field research in Somalia, Yorubaland (Nigeria), Catalonia (Spain), Estonia, and France, focusing on issues of language and religion, and how these cultural phenomena link nation to state. In collaboration with James Fearon, he has published papers on ethnic conflict and civil war; in collaboration with Alan Krueger, Eli Berman and Jacob Shapiro, has published papers on suicide terrorism. He has been a recipient of fellowships from the Howard Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the Russell Sage Foundation. He is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. 1

Jacob N. Shapiro is Assistant Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and co-directs the Empirical Studies of Conflict Project. His research focuses on political violence, economic development in conflict zones, and security policy. He is the author of The Terrorist’s Dilemma: Managing Violent Covert Organizations. Shapiro is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations, an Associate Editor of World Politics, a Faculty Fellow of the Association for Analytic Learning about Islam and Muslim Societies (AALIMS), a Research Fellow at the Center for Economic Research in Pakistan (CERP), and served in the U.S. Navy and Naval Reserve. PhD Political Science, MA Economics, Stanford University. BA Political Science, University of Michigan.

Jeremy M. Weinstein is Associate Professor of Political Science, Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and Ford Dorsey Director of African Studies at Stanford University. He is also a non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development in Washington, DC. In September 2013, Weinstein became Chief of Staff to UN Ambassador Samantha Power. Between 2009-11, Weinstein served as Director for Development and Democracy on the National Security Council staff at the White House. His research focuses on civil wars and political violence; ethnic politics and the political economy of development; and democracy, accountability, and political change. Weinstein obtained a BA with high honors from Swarthmore College, and an MA and PhD in political economy and government from Harvard University. (not able to attend)

ESOC Affiliates

Lisa Blaydes is Assistant Professor of Political Science and a faculty affiliate of the Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies at Stanford University. She is the author of Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak's Egypt (Cambridge University Press, 2011). Professor Blaydes received the 2009 Gabriel Almond Award for best dissertation in the field of comparative politics from the American Political Science Association for this project. During the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 academic years, Professor Blaydes was an Academy Scholar at the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies. She holds degrees in Political Science (PhD) from UCLA and International Relations (BA, MA) from Johns Hopkins University. (not able to attend)

Ekaterina (Katya) Drozdova is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Seattle Pacific University and Principal Investigator for a research program called “Mining Afghan Lessons from Soviet Era” recently funded by the U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense's Human, Social, Cultural, Behavioral sciences program through the Office of Naval Research's Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Department. Her broader research agenda and publications focus on problems of U.S. national and international security and counterterrorism strategies, with an emphasis on asymmetric low-tech threats in the high-tech age as well as on organizations’ use of their human and technological networks to survive in hostile or challenging conditions. She earned a BA in International Relations and an MA in International Policy Studies from Stanford University and a PhD in Information Systems from New York University's Stern School of Business, Department of Information, Operations and Management Sciences. She has previously held research appointments at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution and Center for International Security and Cooperation, NYU’s Alexander Hamilton Center for Political Economy, and Naval Postgraduate School, among others.

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Radha Iyengar is currently the Director of Defense Personnel and Readiness on the National Security Council staff at the White House. During 2012-13 she served at the Office of Secretary of Defense for the Assistant Secretary of Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict. She is also a Faculty Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Her research agenda focuses on understanding the role that incentives play in generating selection into different occupations and behaviors. Previously she was Lecturer (Assistant Professor) at London School of Economics and was the Robert Wood Johnson Scholar in Health Policy at Harvard University. She received a PhD and a MA in Economics from Princeton University, and a BS in Economics from MIT. (not able to attend)

Ethan B. Kapstein is Arizona Centennial Professor of International Affairs and Senior Director for Research at the McCain Institute for International Leadership at Arizona State University. He is also a Senior Advisor for Economics and Peacebuilding at the United States Institute of Peace and a Visiting Fellow at the Center for Global Development. He has previously held chaired positions at the University of Texas at Austin, INSEAD, and the University of Minnesota. Ethan has also served as a Vice President of the Council on Foreign Relations, Principal Administrator at the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, and Executive Director of the Economics and National Security Program at Harvard University. He is a former international banker and has served as an officer in the United States Navy. He has been a visiting professor at Sciences Po (Paris), the University of Nice, the National Institute for Defense Studies (Tokyo) and the National War College (Washington, DC).

Beatriz Magaloni is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. She is also an affiliated faculty member of the Woods Institute of the Environment (2011-2013) and a Faculty Fellow at the Stanford Center for International Development. In 2010 she founded the Program on Poverty and Governance within the Freeman Spogli Institute’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law. There she pursues a research agenda focused on governance, poverty reduction, electoral clientelism, the provision of public goods, and criminal violence. Her research has also concentrated on the politics of authoritarian regimes, democratization, and the dynamics of protest. (not able to attend)

Chairs, Discussants, and Speakers

Gene Aloise is the Deputy Inspector General in the Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. He oversees day-to-day operations and assists the Inspector General in executing SIGAR’s mission. Aloise came to SIGAR from the Government Accountability Office (GAO), where he served for 38 years. In his most recent position there, he served as director in the U.S. and International Nuclear Security and Cleanup Team. Aloise has testified before Congress more than 50 times, and was responsible for hundreds of reports with recommendations that led to legislative improvements, improved agency effectiveness and efficiency, and identified more than $8 billion in savings to taxpayers. Aloise received a bachelor's degree from Rowan University and a Master of Public Administration from Temple University. He is also a graduate of the Senior Executive Fellows Program at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

Stephen Biddle is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at The George Washington University and Adjunct Senior Fellow for Defense Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations. His book Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle (Princeton University Press, 2004) won four prizes, including the Harvard University Huntington Prize and the Council on Foreign

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Relations Arthur Ross Award Silver Medal. He served on General David Petraeus’ Joint Strategic Assessment Team in Baghdad in 2007, on General Stanley McChrystal’s Initial Strategic Assessment Team in Kabul in 2009, and as a Senior Advisor to General Petraeus’ Central Command Assessment Team in Washington in 2008-9. He previously held the Elihu Root Chair in Military Studies at the U.S. Army War College, as well as teaching and research positions at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Institute for Defense Analyses, and Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. He received his PhD from Harvard University.

Inken von Borzyskowski recently received her PhD from UW-Madison in International Relations, Methodology, and Comparative Politics. In August 2014, she will join the Political Science Department at Florida State University as Assistant Professor but will spend the first year on leave for a postdoctoral fellowship at Freie Universität Berlin. Her dissertation research examines election violence and shows how international election support (technical assistance and monitoring) can have both positive and negative consequences. Before UW-Madison, she spent a year in the PhD program at Duke. She received an MA from the Freie Universität and worked at the Social Science Research Center in Berlin. She has also been a pre-doctoral fellow at the European University Institute in Florence and a consultant for the International Foundation for Electoral Systems in Washington, D.C.

Lawrence Broz is Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. He earned his PhD at UCLA and has held professorships at Harvard University (1993-2000) and New York University (2000-2001). Professor Broz’s specialty is the political economy of money and finance.

Michael Callen is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at UCLA and incoming Assistant Professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He was a postdoctoral scholar at the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation and the Center for Effective Global Action in 2011-2012. He completed his PhD in economics at the University of California, San Diego. He has a BSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. His current research focuses on political economy, development economics, and behavioral economics.

Lynn Carter is the Senior Vice President, Democracy, Governance and Conflict Mitigation at Management Systems International, the U.S. subsidiary of Coffey International, an Australia-based company with a global international development practice. After working in rural development and health in Yemen, Morocco and Pakistan, she worked with USAID to develop guides, tools and programs to strengthen democratic governance and mitigate conflict and violent extremism. She has also worked with UNDP, UNICEF and several NGOs including the American Friends Service Committee, the International Rescue Committee, and gender and human rights NGOs in India and Sri Lanka. She currently oversees a portfolio of projects that include access to justice in Ukraine; local governance in Ghana, Georgia and Colombia; anti-corruption in Indonesia and Vietnam; human rights and community protection in Sri Lanka; and civil society strengthening in Egypt, Syria and Lebanon. She recently finished leading research teams exploring violent extremism, gangs and political party violence in Karachi and southern Punjab for USAID. She has lived and worked in Pakistan, Yemen, India and Egypt. She published a book on ethnic conflict in Egypt and articles on Egypt and Afghanistan. She has a PhD from the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies in the comparative politics of the Middle East and a master’s degree from Harvard.

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Benjamin Crost is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Colorado, Denver. His main research interest is in developmental economics, where he studies the causes of civil conflict. He received his PhD in Agricultural and Resource Economics, from University of California, Berkeley, MSc in Agricultural Development Economics, from University of Reading, UK, and Diplom. in Biochemistry/Molecular Biology from the University of Hamburg, Germany.

Rex W. Douglass conducted research on Vietnam for the ESOC project (2009-2012), while he was a doctoral candidate in the Department of Politics at Princeton University. Douglass is currently a postdoctoral researcher with the Mathematics Department at the University of California, San Diego. His research focuses on subnational aspects of internal and international war. Douglass received his PhD from Princeton University and his BA in political science and history from the University of Texas at Austin.

Erin Fitzgerald directs the Minerva Research Initiative, coordinates Department of Defense-funded social science research across the Department, and serves as a scientific advisor in the areas of social and information sciences to the ASD (R&E) Director for Basic Research. Before joining the Minerva program, Dr. Fitzgerald spent two years at the Basic Science Office as an AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, where she developed strategic plans for future basic research investments and was instrumental in revamping DoD policies on export control and restrictive clauses on fundamental university research. Dr. Fitzgerald previously worked at the National Academies as a Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Graduate Policy Fellow and Associate Program Officer in the Air Force Studies Board, where she contributed to defense intelligence studies on technology forecasting. Her internships at BBN Technologies, Microsoft, Intel, and elsewhere have given her a complementary familiarity with the industry research and development environment. Dr. Fitzgerald earned her master's degree and doctorate in electrical and computer engineering from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD. Her research in speech and language processing combined electrical engineering, computer science, and cognitive science approaches to contribute to efforts in automatic speech recognition and language translation.

Tarek Ghani is a PhD Candidate in Business and Public Policy at UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business. His fields of specialization are development economics, political economy and organizational economics, and his research interests include how firms, markets and bureaucracies operate in low- income and conflict affected countries. Before Berkeley, Tarek managed a grant portfolio on conflict prevention issues at the private foundation Humanity United, and held prior consultancies with the World Bank, Center for Strategic and International Studies, and Center for Global Development. A recipient of the Truman Scholarship and the Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship, Tarek graduated from Stanford University with a BS in Symbolic Systems and Honors in International Security.

Clark Gibson is Professor and former Department Chair of Political Science and Director of the International Studies Program at UC San Diego. He studies the politics of democracy and development, especially topics concerning foreign , elections, political accountability, political institutions, and the environment. He explores these issues in , Central and South America, Asia, and the United States and has published his work in dozens of scholarly articles and chapters. Professor Gibson has been a consultant for the World Bank, USAID, The National Academy of Sciences, and the . He has also served on many electoral observer missions around the world, most recently in Afghanistan, , and . He received his PhD from .

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Peter Gourevitch is Distinguished Professor of Political Science at UCSD’s School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, of which he is also the Founding Dean. As an expert on international relations and comparative politics, Gourevitch specializes in corporate governance systems in a globalizing world economy, comparing differences in the way countries structure companies and their relationship to shareholders. He is an expert on international political economy with a particular focus on national responses to pressures arising from international trade and economic globalization, trade disputes among countries, and international trade negotiations. In 1996, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He taught at Harvard University from 1969-74, at McGill University from 1974-79, and joined UCSD's political science department in 1979. He speaks fluent French, and has lectured and taught in that language. He has received fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, The Russell Sage Foundation, and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. Professor Gourevitch received a PhD in Political Science from Harvard University in 1969 and his BA in Government with high honors from Oberlin College in 1963.

Joseph Hewitt is a Senior Conflict Advisor in the Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation at USAID, where he serves as the lead for the Technical Leadership team. He is a specialist in international conflict, with a particular focus in forecasting armed conflict and political instability. He has extensive expertise in quantitative political analysis, statistical modeling, research design development, and management of large datasets. His specific research focuses on the causes of armed civil conflict, conflict early-warning, forecasting political instability, conflict assessment, and the connections between government attributes and conflict behavior. Prior to joining USAID, he was the Associate Director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management at the University of Maryland where he directed the center’s policy research operations. His most recent book is Peace and Conflict 2012 (co-authored with Ted R. Gurr and Jonathan Wilkenfeld). Additionally, his research has appeared in the Journal of Conflict Resolution, the Journal of Peace Research, and International Interactions.

Robert Jenkins is the Deputy Assistant Administrator for the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance (DCHA), simultaneously serving as Executive Director of the Agency’s Task Force on Syria. Previously, Jenkins served as the Director of the Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI), the United States Government’s foremost political transition and post-conflict assistance instrument. OTI’s mandate is to help local partners advance peace and democracy in priority countries in crisis. OTI has carried out over 50 political transition and stability programs in high priority countries including Afghanistan, Colombia, and Sudan. Jenkins was OTI’s Acting Director and Director since April 2006 and the Deputy Director since May 2005. A career civil servant, he was seconded to the U.S. State Department where he served as Deputy Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization at the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction & Stabilization (S/CRS) from July-December 2009. Jenkins also served as USAID’s Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator for the DCHA Bureau from August 2008 until January 2009. Before assuming these leadership roles, Jenkins served as OTI’s Operations Coordinator and Iraq Team Leader. He first joined OTI in March 1998 and has provided Washington-based support to OTI’s programs in Iraq, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria. Prior to joining USAID, Jenkins designed and implemented emergency relief and recovery programs with World Vision International in southern Sudan and Sierra Leone. As a Thomas J. Watson Fellow he worked under Archbishop Desmond Tutu in Cape Town, South Africa from 1991 to 1993 as a liaison between the Anglican Church’s peace and justice office and township communities. His work included coordinating a network of volunteer political violence monitors and serving as an on-call independent observer, investigative monitor and emergency crisis mediator. Jenkins holds a BA in History and Government from Bowdoin College.

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Miles Kahler is Rohr Professor of Pacific International Relations and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies (IR/PS) and the Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego. Kahler was Founding Director of the Institute for International, Comparative, and Area Studies (IICAS) and the International Studies Program at UCSD. He has been a Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (2012-2013) and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University (2007-2008). He was Senior Fellow for International Political Economy at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York (1994-1996). He is a member of the Editorial Board of International Organization. His current research centers on the large emerging economies and global governance and on the emergence of the nation- state as a dominant unit in the international system. His recent publications include Integrating Regions: Asia in Comparative Context (co-editor, Stanford University Press, 2013), Politics in the New Hard Times (co-editor and contributor, Cornell University Press, 2013), and “Rising Powers and Global Governance: Negotiating Change in a Resilient Status Quo,” (International Affairs, 2013).

Karim Khoja, Chief Executive Officer of Roshan, has over 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry, including starting and managing extremely successful GSM companies in Pakistan, Poland, Croatia, Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Under his leadership, Roshan has grown to be Afghanistan’s market leader, with six million customers. Khoja started his GSM career as CEO for Mobilink in Pakistan, and then launched Era GSM in Poland. He then went on to form the company, HT Mobile, from Croatia Telecom. Over the course of the last eight years, Khoja has dedicated his time to the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) to bring competition and best practices to the telecommunication industry in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. He has focused not only on financial results, but also on how technology can be used to change lives. Khoja serves on the Board of several international companies. He is the Chairman of the Afghan Investment Climate facility, a £30m fund to encourage private enterprise, an advisor to the GSMA Development Fund and an Associate Board Member of the Legatum Center at MIT.

Patrick M. Kuhn is currently a part-time lecturer at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs and a postdoctoral research associate with the Empirical Studies of Conflict Group. In August 2014, he will join the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University (UK) as Assistant Professor in Comparative Politics. He completed his PhD at the University of Rochester in 2013 and was a senior research associate with ESOC in 2012-2013. During his doctoral studies at Rochester he specialized in comparative political economy, with a special interest in the political economy of development and conflict. Patrick’s dissertation research is on causes and dynamics of electoral violence, including the determinants of perpetrators and targets of campaign violence and the role of information and uncertainty with regard to post-electoral protests. In 2010, he conducted field research on this topic in Senegal.

David A. Lake is the Jerri-Ann and Gary E. Jacobs Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. He has published widely in international relations theory and international political economy. Lake’s most recent book is Hierarchy in International Relations (2009). Lake currently serves as Associate Dean of Social Sciences (2006- present) and Director of the Yankelovich Center for Social Science Research (2013-present) at UCSD. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006 and a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in 2008-2009. He received his PhD from Cornell University in 1984 and taught at UCLA from 1983-1992.

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Melissa M. Lee is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University and a 2014-2015 Pre-Doctoral Fellow at the Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law. Her dissertation investigates why some developing countries have faced persistent challenges in building the state, and argues that enemy states in the regional neighborhood can subvert or deter the exercise of state authority in the periphery. Melissa’s research interests are primarily in the field of international relations, and include statebuilding and sovereignty, the role of external actors in domestic politics, and interstate and intrastate conflict. She is a former research consultant with the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy, and Security. She received a BA (summa cum laude with highest honors) in Political Science - International Relations at the University of California, San Diego. Before coming to Stanford, she worked at the Superior Court of California, County of Orange jointly in the Planning and Research Division and the Juvenile Justice Division.

Aila M. Matanock is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley. She was a Postdoctoral Research Associate with the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC) at the University of California, San Diego during the academic year 2012-2013. Her book project, based on her dissertation, focuses on the role of electoral competition between militant groups—those employing terrorism, guerrilla and/or insurgency tactics with political aims—and governments, especially as a component of negotiated settlements. Based on new quantitative and qualitative evidence, her research finds that these inclusive post-conflict elections decrease the risk of conflict recurrence. International actors are able to engage in monitoring and sanctioning non- compliance with a peace agreement through the transparency that elections provide. Aila completed her PhD in political science at Stanford University in 2012. Prior to graduate school, she was employed by the RAND Corporation. She received an undergraduate degree magna cum laude in Social Studies from Harvard University.

Craig McIntosh is Professor of Economics in the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at UC San Diego and Director of its Policy Design and Evaluation Laboratory. He is a development economist whose work focuses on program evaluation. His main research interest is the design of institutions which promote the provision of financial services to micro-entrepreneurs. He has conducted field evaluations of innovative anti-poverty policies in Mexico, Guatemala, Malawi, Rwanda, , and Tanzania. He is currently working on research projects investigating how to boost savings among the poor, on whether schooling can be used as a tool to fight HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, and on mechanisms to improve the long-term viability of Fair Trade markets. He received his PhD and MA from UC Berkeley, 2003 in agricultural and resource economics and a BA from UC Santa Cruz in economics.

Sharon L. Morris is senior advisor to the acting president at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). Previously she was a 2013-2014 Jennings Randolph senior fellow. Her research focuses on civilian assistance in fragile states and explores models that integrate peacebuilding and development. She also focuses on developing more rigorous approaches to measuring the impact of peacebuilding interventions. Her work draws on more than 20 years of experience designing and implementing conflict management and stabilization programs in places such as Afghanistan, Yemen, Iraq, Nigeria, and Somalia. Prior to joining USIP, Dr. Morris was the director of Mercy Corps’ Youth & Conflict Management Office from 2008-2013. In 2007, she worked at the State Department as the senior advisor for Darfur to the president’s special envoy for Sudan. In 2006, she served as the director of the Provincial Reconstruction Team Program in USAID/Afghanistan and as the development advisor to the Commanding General of Combined Joint Task Force-76, the headquarters for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. From 2002-2005, she was the senior advisor in the Office of Conflict Management and

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Mitigation at USAID where she headed the team responsible for providing support to conflict programs in USAID Missions. Prior to joining USAID, she worked in the Program on Global Security and Sustainability at the John D. and Catherine MacArthur Foundation. Her assignments on conflict management have taken her to over 25 countries, including Sudan, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Central Asian Republics, Haiti, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, and . She is on the board of the Alliance for Peacebuilding and a member of Women in International Security. She holds a PhD and Master’s from the University of Chicago.

Arman Rezaee is a PhD Candidate in economics at the University of California, San Diego. His primary research aims to strengthen governance and government service provision in developing countries through information communication technology (ICT) interventions, in fields such as health, education, and livestock. He also conducts research on the historical causes and long-term impacts of institutions, and he is interested in a broad range of political economy issues in developing countries. Before starting his PhD, Arman obtained a Master's in Public Policy from the Harvard Kennedy School and a Bachelor's from the University of California, Berkeley.

Andrew Shaver is a PhD candidate in security studies and is currently researching causes of substate violence, including climate channels; the role of territory in non-state violence; and risk. He is currently a fellow of Princeton's PIIRS Research Community on Global Systemic Risk and an associate of the Empirical Studies of Conflict program. His professional experiences include serving as a foreign affairs fellow at the U.S. Senate, foreign policy advisor to Governor Jon Huntsman’s Presidential campaign, policy analyst for the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, and economic development officer in Iraq with the Pentagon’s Task Force for Business and Stability Operations. Andrew has spent approximately four years in the Middle East and speaks Arabic and Spanish. International Relations, Princeton University. BS Economics, International Business, Westminster College.

John F. Sopko was sworn in as Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction on July 2, 2012. Sopko, appointed to the post by President Obama, has more than 30 years of experience in oversight and investigations as a prosecutor, congressional counsel and senior federal government advisor. Sopko came to SIGAR from Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, an international law firm headquartered in Washington, D.C., where he had been a partner since 2009. Sopko’s government experience includes over 20 years on Capitol Hill, where he held key positions in both the Senate and House of Representatives. He served on the staffs of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Select Committee on Homeland Security and the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. After his work in the Senate, Sopko was recruited by the Commerce Secretary to manage the department’s response to multiple congressional, grand jury and press inquiries. While at the Commerce Department, Sopko was named Deputy Assistant Secretary for Enforcement for the Bureau of Export Administration, and Deputy Assistant Secretary for the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. Sopko previously served as a state and federal prosecutor. As a trial attorney with the U.S. Department of Justice Organized Crime and Racketeering Section, he conducted numerous long- term grand jury investigations and prosecutions against organized crime groups. He was the lead attorney in the first successful federal RICO prosecution of the entire leadership structure of an American La Cosa Nostra crime family. In 1982 he received the Justice Department’s Special Commendation Award for Outstanding Service to the Criminal Division, and in 1980 he received the department’s Special Achievement Award for Sustained Superior Performance. Sopko began his professional career as a state prosecutor in Dayton, Ohio, with the Montgomery County prosecutor’s office. He served as an adjunct professor at American University’s School of Justice, where he received the Outstanding Adjunct Faculty Teaching Award in 1984 and the Professor of the Year Award in 1986.

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He received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1974, and his law degree from Case Western University School of Law in 1977. He is a member of the bars of Ohio and the District of Columbia.

Erin Troland is a PhD candidate in economics at the University of California, San Diego. Her broad research interest is the relationship between governance, institutions and economic outcomes. She is particularly interested in local governance issues related to civil conflict, budgeting decisions, resource management and elections. Her research so far includes projects investigating (i) governance issues and economic development in countries undergoing civil conflict, (ii) local government public finance in developing countries, and (iii) piracy and tuna fishing. She received her BA in economics and French from the University of Kentucky.

Oliver Vanden Eynde is an Assistant Professor at the Paris School of Economics and visiting research scholar at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University. His research focuses on civil conflict, crime, and the role of the military in developing countries. He has worked on the human capital effects of military recruitment in colonial India, the design of civil-military institutions, and the targeting strategies of insurgents in India’s Maoist conflict. Current research projects explore the relationship between political change and crime reduction in India, the impact of infrastructure development in conflict zones, and the public finance of conflict. He obtained his PhD at the London School of Economics in 2012, and his BA from the KU Leuven (Belgium).

J.B. Vowell is a 23-year Army Infantry Officer who has served in a variety of worldwide assignments. COL Vowell has deployed overseas to peacekeeping missions in Egypt and combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. He is a 2012 Fellow to Stanford University’s Center for International Security Cooperation (CISAC) and a proud graduate of the University of Alabama. He holds Masters Degrees from both Troy University and the Command and General Staff College’s School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS) program. He currently serves as the Brigade Commander for 3rd Brigade Combat Team (BCT), 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, KY.

Yael Zeira is Croft Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Mississippi. Her research agenda explores the sources and dynamics of political conflict and violence in the context of the Middle East, with a focus on the political attitudes and behavior of ordinary citizens in times of conflict. Her book project investigates the logic of individual participation in political conflict using original survey and interview research on the Palestinian national movement. She has also written about the impact of international recognition of statehood on mass attitudes towards conflict in the context of self-determination struggles. Other active areas of research include the sources of political compliance and resistance in authoritarian regimes, as well as gender equality in the Islamic world. During the 2012-2013 academic year, Zeira was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University. She holds a PhD from New York University and a BA from Yale University.

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