Volume 28: 2–10 METAMORPHOSIS www.metamorphosis.org.za ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE)

Three new species in the genus Hübner, 1819 (: : ) from West Africa Published online: 21 April 2017 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 5F0A897E-25A0-4244-AB95-8224E10AA840

Szabolcs Sáfián Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 4. H9400 Sopron, Hungary. African Research Institute (ABRI). P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, . E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa

Abstract: Two new species, Iolaus jadwigae sp.nov. and I. liberiana sp.nov., were collected recently in Liberia during field surveys in the Putu Range and the Nimba Mountains, respectively. They are described with I. kupe sp.nov., a third species, which was recognised as undescribed in the Lepidoptera collection of the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, collected in the Gulf of Guinea Highlands (Mount Kupe, Cameroon).

Key words: Iolaus jadwigae, Iolaus liberiana, Iolaus kupe, Afrotropical Region, Liberian sub-region, Gulf of Guinea Highlands, orophily, endemism.

Citation: Sáfián, Sz. 2017. Three new species in the genus Iolaus Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from West Africa. Metamorphosis 28: 2–10

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

Iolaus is a large, heterogeneous and almost exclusively Abbreviations of museum collections or other Afrotropical genus, with over 120 recognised species. institutions and localities are as follows: After initial attempts to revise parts of the genus (Stempffer & Bennett, 1958, 1959; Stempffer, 1961; ABRI – African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, Henning & Henning, 1984; Heath, 1985), the subject Kenya has remained untouched for several decades, apart BCP – Biodiversity Conservation Program, from the raising of the subgenera Etesiolaus Stempffer ArcelorMittal, Liberia & Bennett, 1959 (Collins et al., 2003) and ENNR – East Nimba Nature Reserve, Liberia Druce, 1891 (Larsen, 2005) to generic rank. Most MZUJ – Zoological Museum of the Jagellonian recent works have been limited to the description of University, Kraków, Poland newly recognised taxa (e.g. Larsen, 1994; Collins & Larsen, 1995, 2000, 2008; Collins et al., 2003; Bayliss Material examined et al., 2016) and pre-imaginal stages of commoner Iolaus iulus Hewitson, 1869 species (e.g. Edge 1985, 1987; Paré 1986; Williams & Putterill 1998). Since many Iolaus species tend to stay 1♂ Ghana, Biakpa Avatime, Volta Region 01.iv.2008. in the forest canopy, where they are often difficult to Sáfián, Sz., Vorgas, R. Gen.prep.: SAFI00121; 1♂ detect, the finding of new species is highly probable, Ghana, Sagyimaase Road, Atewa Range, Eastern especially in the equatorial forest zone or in Region 06–10.iii.2008. Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Csontos, G., mountainous areas. In this paper the author describes Vorgas, R. 1♂ Ghana, Mt. Gemi, Amedzofe, Volta three new species of Iolaus as part of the results of Region. 09–14.v.2009. Leg.: Csontos, G., Kondorossy, revisional work on the genus, which started in 2016 in E. collaboration with the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Two of the new species were found Iolaus lukabas Druce, 1890 by the author during his extensive field studies in Liberia between 2010 and 2015, whereas the third was 1♂ Cameroon, Ebogo, Nyong River, iv.1989 ABRI recognised during the examination of Iolaus material leg. Gen.prep.: SAFI00100. related to one of the Liberian taxa in the research collection of ABRI. Iolaus theodori Stempffer, 1970

Received: 21 January 2017 1♂ Ghana, Kpandu, Volta Region, 29.vii.1976. Leg.: Published: 21 April 2017 Theodore Maessen; 1♂ Liberia, Blue Lake Road, ENNR 31.xii.2013. Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Horváth, Á. Copyright: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Gen.prep.: SAFI00120. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, send a letter to Creative Commons, Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, Iolaus mane Collins & Larsen, 2003 94105, USA, or visit: http://creative commons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/3.0/ 1♂ Liberia, Gbapa, Western Range, Nimba

Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 3

Mountains, 08–13.ii.2012 Sáfián, Sz., Strausz, M. (Larsen, 1991, 2005). Genitalia terminology, wherever Gen.prep.: SAFI00101. appropriate, follows Stempffer, 1967. Holotypes and paratypes of the newly described taxa will be deposited Iolaus parasilanus parasilanus Rebel, 1914 in the ABRI collection (see also ABRI database codes). 10♂♂, 2♀♀ Central African Republic, Bakalimo, Yakoli, Bangui; various dates from 1992–1996. Leg.: Using the latest revision of the subgenera of Iolaus Collins, S.C.; 1♀ Cameroon, Mount Cameroon, (Heath, 1985), all new species would be placed in the Western Cameroon, xi.2012. Leg.: ABRI; 6♂♂, 4♀♀ subgenus Iolaphilus Stempffer & Bennett, 1958. Cameroon, Ebogo, Nyong Mountain near Bertoua, However, due to the many uncertainties within the Edea, Kribi, Lolodorf; various dates from 1995–2012. genus, it was considered inappropriate to allocate the new taxa to any of the existing subgenera. Iolaus parasilanus divaricatus (Riley, 1928)

1♂, 6♀♀ Kenya, Kakamega Forest; various dates from DESCRIPTIONS 1992–1997. Bred. Leg.: Collins, S.C.; 1♂ Kenya Garden Rondo, Kakamega 1988. Leg.: Collins, S.C. Iolaus jadwigae Sáfián sp.nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 87A31D5C-B5E7-41B5-A829-7DDA64681432 (all in ABRI collection). (Figs 1A, D; 2B, E; 6)

Iolaus parasilanus maesseni (Stempffer & Bennett, Holotype: ♂ Liberia, Mount Jideh, Grand Gedeh 1958) County. 19–31.xii.2010. Leg.: Zakar, E., Sáfián, Sz. 1♂ Ghana, Likpe 8.vii.1965. Leg.: Theodore Maessen. Coordinates: 5°38ʹ30.48ʹʹ, 8°11ʹ5.12"E, 720 m. Gen. Gen. prep: SAFI00102; 11♂♂, 6♀♀ Likpe Mate, Wli prep.: SAFI00122. ABRI database code: ABRI-2016- Falls, Amedzofe, Agona Nyakrom, Dzolu, Aburi 02802. Botanical Garden (Bred); various dates from 2001– 2008. Leg.: ABRI (all in ABRI collection). 1♀ Description of holotype: Forewing length: 20.5 mm. Cameroon, Mount Tabenkem, Western Cameroon, Wingspan: 38 mm. Forewing unusually narrow i.2000. Leg.: Collins, S.C. compared to length (could be result of deformation during eclosion). Inner edge rather strongly lobed. Iolaus parasilanus mabillei (Riley, 1928) Hindwing also narrow and oblong towards tornus. Two longer hair-tails present at end of veins 2, 3 and 1♀ Congo, Lac Blau, Ngo, i.1992. Leg.: Collins, S.C. short one at end of vein 4. Upper side extensively covered by iridescent blue, with slight greenish tinge. Iolaus kayonza (Stempffer & Bennett, 1958) Forewing apex and margins black. Blue almost

5♂♂, 6♀♀ Kenya, Kakamega Forest; various dates entirely covers spaces 1a, 1b and 2 leaving 2.5-3 mm from 1995–2014 (most specimens were bred); 1♂ black margin. Blue colour restricted to small oval spots Uganda, Kalinzu Forest, xii.1961. Leg.: Jackson, in bases of spaces 3 and 4; covering cell almost T.H.E.; 1♂, 1♀ Uganda, Kalinzu Forest, Itwara Forest, entirely. Blue scales also present as dusting in basal bred Western Uganda, iii.1994, Leg.: Collins, S.C.; 1♀ area between cell and costa. No blue present between Uganda, Kitura Forest, Western Uganda, 10.iii.1959 inner margin and vein 2 on hindwing, also beyond vein bred. 7. Black ground colour extends into cell along large black androconial patch. Costal black margin Relevant literature dealing with the genus was studied, characteristic, broad, tapering down rapidly to a fine including the revisional works by Stempffer & Bennett line below vein 7. Tornal lobe with bluish white and (1958, 1959) and Heath (1985), as well as original blood-red spot. Underside white with no marginal descriptions (Druce 1890, Riley 1928) with line(s) on forewing. Hindwing with only one very fine illustrations of the types. The comparative illustrations black, inner sub-marginal line, fading out towards of male genitalia of Iolaus in Larsen (2005), including costa. Equally fine red outer sub-marginal line also various West African species described or co-authored present, starting at prominent bright brick-red tornal by Larsen after Stempffer’s revisions, were also round-spot. In tornal lobe a second, blood-red round examined. spot with black eye present, edged by silvery ring and brick-red irregular spot on top. Outer sub-marginal line The protocols for the production of digital images of terminates in same spot. Lower section of sub- photographed specimens and genitalia follow those marginal line blackish, rather than red. Androconial described in Sáfián et al. (2015) and Collins & Sáfián hair-tuft on forewing underside long, black. Body and (2014). The maps showing type localities were edited antennae black from above, white below with yellow in the Adobe Photoshop CS5 photo editor program tinge on the abdomen. Palpi and legs white. Eyes with the aid of the Google Earth GIS freeware smooth; brown. program. The genitalia dissected and examined are numbered and stored in vials attached to the specimens Male genitalia: Uncus very characteristic; apparent as (see reference numbers below). References to the two narrow, upcurving hooks in lateral view; venation and individual veins follows the simplified triangular from above. Sub-unci very long, gently “English” or numerical system (Miller, 1970), which sinuous. Possible pseudotergum appears as hood over is also used in modern works on African uncus. Tegumen and vinculum broad. Valvae slightly Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 4

Figure 1 – Males of Iolaus jadwigae sp.nov. (holotype) A – upperside, D – underside; I. iulus (Biakpa-Avatime, Volta Region, Ghana) B – upperside, E – underside; I. theodori (Blue Lake Road, East Nimba Nature Reserve, Liberia) C – upperside, F – underside.

Figure 2 – Male genitalia and separated aedeagi of I. iulus (Biakpa, Ghana) – A, D, gen.prep.: SAFI00121; I. jadwigae (holotype) – B, E, gen.prep.: SAFI00122 and I. theodori (Nimba Mountains, Liberia) – C, F, gen.prep.: SAFI00120. asymmetric; kidney-shaped with slightly produced tip. morphologically similar to I. jadwigae. The only Fultura inferior composed of a ring. Aedeagus long Iolaus with similar broad black hindwing costa in West and thin; curved dorsally with dorsal shark fin-shaped Africa is the species-complex of I. theodori, I. lukabas triangular projection. Terminates in fist-like blunt tip; and I. mane, all of which have creamy yellowish- ventral tip slightly longer and more acute. Proximal brown androconial hair-tufts along the inner margin of end lance-shaped. the forewing underside. The blue colour on the upper surface is similar to that of I. iulus, which has a very Diagnosis: Presently, there are no known species narrow black hindwing costa. In Central Africa I. icipe Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 5

Collins & Larsen, 1998 also has a broad black costa, hair-tuft along forewing inner edge. Hindwing with but in this species the blue on the upper side is of much tornal orange spots, one near inner margin with black smaller extent and the species is clearly allied to the edge, linked to the other with orange line. Sub- metallic green coloured I. calisto (Westwood, 1851), marginal line fine, blackish; marginal line faint, both of them having a light greyish hair-tuft along the orange. Marginal lines missing on forewing; should be inner margin of the forewing underside. The male present on fresh specimens. Upper side of body black genitalia of jadwidjae are distinct from all known with silver hairs; underside white. Legs brown, species of similar appearance, including those of covered with white; eyes and antennae black. I. iulus, I. theodori, I. lukabas and I. mane. Male genitalia: Uncus large, slightly hairy, stongly Etymology: The species is named in honour of bisected into two triangular hooks. Sub-unci short and Jadwiga Lorenc (MZUJ, Krakow), who has helped narrow, broken at a right angle; lower arm much with the descriptions of numerous African butterflies, longer, almost straight. Gnathos broad, tapering into a especially with genitalia dissections and photography. narrower vinculum. Valvae rather narrow with slightly Jadwiga recently joined the research team, which upcurving, strongly sclerotized, hook-like terminal decided to conduct a thorough revision of the omnibus projections. Fultura inferior strongly developed, Y- genus Iolaus, which is among the most beautiful and shaped. Aedeagus broad, straight, rather short, with most complex groups of African Theclinae. dorsal shark fin-shaped triangular projection laterally; terminates in a slightly upcurving spiny tip; proximal Discussion: The unique holotype of I. jadwigae was end blunt. collected on the ridgeline of Mount Jideh in the Putu Range, Liberia as a freshly emerged specimen by Erika Description of female: Forewing length: 18 mm. Zakar and Szabolcs Sáfián. Although it superficially Wingspan: 36.5 mm. Upper side ground colour black resembled I. theodori and I. lukabas, the unusually with extensive metallic light blue (slightly darker than broad black costa of the hindwing and the distinctive in male). Black apex broad on forewing; outer edge of black forewing hair-tuft inspired the author to further blue curving evenly; not separated by black veins. investigate the status of the species, which proved Most of hindwing covered with blue; spaces 1a, 1b and absolutely unique. Although the greenish tinge costa beyond vein 7 black. Some blue scaling present appearing on the holotype is present in other Iolaus, as in space 7. Short black streaks present in spaces 2, 3, well as relatively broad hindwing costa, the significant 4; small black dots in spaces 5, 6; black dots not differences in the genitalia structure dispelled all doubt forming continuous sub-marginal line. Long blackish about its specific status. The butterfly was collected in hair tail at end of vein 2, shorter one at end of vein 3 the very narrow upland zone of the Putu Range, where with bend at end of vein 4. Veins blackish, notably other unique butterflies have also been recorded (e.g. visible on outer half of wing. Orange lobe with black Pilodeudorix putu Sáfián, 2015). dot present at tornus (at base of longest hair tail); prominent marginal black spots present at tornus in Iolaus liberiana Sáfián sp.nov. spaces 2, 3. Underside (without androconia) and body E0F7FC8D-F6A7-462D-8BDD-36309ECAAD6F very similar to male. (Figs 3A, D; 4A, D; 5A, D; 6)

Holotype: ♂ Liberia, Gbapa (Gbarpa), Nimba Diagnosis: Although the appearance of both sexes of Mountains, Western Range. 08–13.ii.2012. Leg.: the new species is very similar to that of I. parasilanus, Sáfián, Sz., Strausz, M. Gen. prep: SAFI00091, ABRI the black circular centre of the hindwing androconia collection ref.: ABRI-2016-02770. Coordinates: could be diagnostic for I. liberiana (when more males 7°28'43.08"N, 8°38'46.78"W, 480 m. become available for inspection). The species is best identified through examination of male genitalia (Fig. Paratypes: 1♀ Liberia, Gbapa (Gbarpa), Nimba 4A, D), since they are distinctive, with a bisected uncus Mountains, Western Range. 08–13.ii.2012. Leg.: having two triangular projections, almost straight Sáfián, Sz., Strausz, M. Gen. prep: SAFI00092, ABRI subunci and the narrow valves with hook-like terminal collection ref.: ABRI-2016-02771; 2♀♀ Gbapa projections. I. parasilanus and related taxa have very (Gbarpa), Nimba Mountains, Western Range. 08– characteristic and completely different genitalia with a 13.ii.2012. Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Strausz, M. separated pseudotergum (Fig. 4B, C) (Stempffer, 1967). The female of I. liberiana is evenly light sky Description of holotype: Forewing length: 18.5 mm. blue, whereas the geographically nearest known Wingspan: 35 mm. Upper side ground-colour black population of I. parasilanus maesseni has a whitish with extensive metallic light blue. Outer edge of blue patch on the forewings and the tone of blue in Central on forewing even, not separated by black veins. African I. parasilanus varies unevenly between lighter Forewing apex acute. Hindwing strung-out towards and darker blue areas on both wings. tornus. Most of hindwing covered with light blue. Large dark grey, oval androconia present at base of Etymology: The species is named after the country hindwing with black circular centre. Costa black; Liberia, which still hosts over 4 000 000 hectares of narrow between androconium and apex (1 mm); rainforest in the heart of the Upper Guinean forest zone marginal line fine, black. Long blackish hair-tail at end (also often referred to as the Liberian sub-region). The of vein 2; shorter at end of vein 3 and a bend at end of sub-region is recognised as a centre of endemism, vein 4. Underside dirty white with black androconial which is also supported by the recent findings of Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 6

Figure 3 – Males of I. liberiana (holotype) A – upperside, D – underside; I. parasilanus maesseni (Likpe, Ghana) B – upperside, E – underside; I. parasilanus parasilanus (Edea, Cameroon) C – upperside, F – underside.

Figure 4 – Male genitalia and separated aedeagi of I. liberiana – A, D, gen.prep.: SAFI00091; I. parasilanus parasilanus – B, E, gen.prep.: SAFI00103; I. parasilanus maesseni – C, F gen.prep.: SAFI00102 (genitalia fractured during dissection, hence the image C is without aedeagus)(lateral view). several new butterfly species (e.g. Sáfián et al., 2013, upper side, which is very characteristic for the 2015; Sáfián, 2015a, 2015b). Ghanaian subspecies I. parasilanus maesseni. Because of this difference it was originally proposed to describe Discussion: I. liberiana was tentatively identified as liberiana as a subspecies of I. parasilanus. However, I.parasilanus, which was described from the shores of the male genitalia of the new taxon proved to be so Lake Tanganyika and is rather widely distributed in the different to those of I. parasilanus (including the equatorial forest zone between Western Kenya and eastern population I. parasilanus divaricatus) that Ghana. Curiously, the females in the Liberian conspecificity was ruled out. The male’s ground population do not show any white on the forewing colour, wing-shape and other features, however, show Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 7

that it is rather close to I. parasilanus. Whether Sub-unci broad and strong, longer than uncus, curved I. liberiana is restricted to its type locality, the Nimba into a hook. Tegumen rectangular with slightly Mountains, or might occur also in other forested areas narrower vinculum. Valvae elongate with prolonged in the Guinea Highlands is unknown. It would narrower tip and a triangular spine-like projection on probably still prove to be endemic to the Liberian sub- inner surface. Fultura inferior circular with narrow region of West Africa, since the butterfly fauna in ring. Aedeagus rather long, anterior end broader, rest neighbouring Ivory Coast and Ghana has been more narrow, with narrow spine on vesica. intensively studied in recent decades (Larsen, 2005). Description of female: Forewing length 17 mm. Wingspan: 34.5 mm. Upper side darker peachy-blue with large black apical area and outer margin on forewing and fine black edge on hindwing (greenish basal patch on each wing caused by greasing). Hindwing costa and inner margin in spaces 1a, 1b grey. Outer edge of blue on forewing uneven, lobed in spaces 2, 3 and 4; lobes separated by black veins. Fine, zigzagging, black postmedian streak on hindwing; black marginal spots in spaces 2, 3 and 4. Long blackish hair tail at end of vein 2, shorter one at end of vein 3 with a bend at end of vein 4. Black-eyed red lobe present at vein 2. Underside (without androconia); body very similar to male; club of antenna black.

Figure 6 – Type localities of I. jadwigae and I. liberiana. Diagnosis: I. kupe is superficially very similar to I. kayonza and the few morphological differences Iolaus kupe Sáfián sp.nov. apparent in the holotype (deeper blue ground-colour, 839615D6-ABB6-4FCD-9663-137668CFF634 narrower black hindwing margin, less conspicuous (Figs 7A, C; 8B, D; 9A, C; 10) black internervural dot at the hindwing margin) may Holotype: ♂ Cameroon, W. Cameroon, Mt. Kupe. ii. prove to be more variable when further specimens 2010. ABRI leg. Gen. prep.: SAFI000106, ABRI become available. It is often the case that other Iolaus collection ref.: ABRI-2016-02777. Approximate species are also difficult to separate on the basis of coordinates: 4°48'7.24"N, 9°42'21.42"E, 800–2000 m. wing morphology alone (e.g. I. lukabas/ I. mane/ I. theodori or I. silarus/ I. ndolae (Heath et al., 2002; Paratype: ♀ CAMEROON, W. Cameroon, Mt. Kupe. Larsen, 2005). However, these morphologically i. 2015. ABRI leg. closely related species differ so significantly in the structure of their male genitalia that their specific Description of holotype: Forewing length: 17 mm. status is not in doubt. These genitalic differences are Wingspan: 35.5 mm. Upper side light blue with also pronounced between I. kayonza and I. kupe, since turquoise tinge; large black apical area and black outer the latter has more robust genitalia but with narrower margin on forewing and narrow black edge on and significantly more prolonged valvae, much more hindwing. Right forewing deformed. Outer edge of strongly toothed rhino head-like uncus, rather than blue on forewing uneven, broken along veins 2, 3 and duckbill-like as in I. kayonza (on lateral view), longer 4, forming small oval lobes in spaces. Hindwing upper and more strongly bent sub-unci and much longer and side costa pale greyish-black, tapering down from base narrower aedeagus with narrower spine on the vesica to costa. Hindwing androconia circular (d=2 mm), (Fig. 9). greyish-black; black rather inconspicuous. Abdominal fold greyish-black; marginal lobe at terminus of vein 2 Etymology: The name of the species refers to its type deep red. Small black dot present in space 3. Underside locality Mount Kupe (Mont Koupé), an extinct isolated dirty, slightly yellowish-white with fine black volcano in south-west Cameroon in recognition of its marginal and orange-red sub-marginal lines on both conservation importance. The volcano is part of, but is wings. Forewing sub-marginal line broken at veins, 3- separated from, the main massif of the Bakossi 6; terminates at vein 2. Sub-marginal lines followed by Mountains. Mount Kupe’s sub-montane and montane fine brownish-black post-median lines. Post-median forests host a good number of orophilous forest and lines not parallel with sub-marginal lines, keeping forest-edge butterflies, several of them endemic to the towards the middle of costa. Hindwing sub-marginal Gulf of Guinea Highlands. These include Bicyclus line forms black-eyed round spot in space 2; line ends anisops, Charaxes tectonis, Euriphene bernaudi, in red lobe with silvery scales at tornus. Veins 1 and 2 Euphaedra imperialis hecqui, Pseudathyma legeri and end in white-edged-black hair-tails. Dorsal side of an undescribed species of Neptis near N. lugubris. body black, ventral side and legs white. Eyes smooth, brown; antennae black (clubs missing). Discussion: The species, at present, is known from the unique pair of types. Both were collected on Mt. Kupe Male genitalia: Uncus prolonged, rhino head-like in (Mont Koupé), Southwest Region, Cameroon by lateral view with triangular projection on top. Strongly ABRI collectors. I. kupe is clearly related and bisected in dorsal view, with v-shaped gap in centre. morphologically very similar to the East African Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 8

I. kayonza. The latter, based on present knowledge, is

Figure 7 – Males of I. kupe (holotype) A – upperside, C – underside and I. kayonza (Kalinzu Forest, Uganda) B – upperside, D – underside.

Figure 8 – Male genitalia and separated aedeagi of I. kayonza (Kalinzu, Uganda) – A, C, gep. prep.: SAFI00105 and I. kupe (holotype) – B, D (vesica everted), gen. prep.: SAFI00106.

Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 9

Figure 9 – Females of I. kupe (paratype) A – upperside, C – underside and I. kayonza (Itwara Forest, Western Uganda) B – upperside, D – underside.

I. kayona. The latter, based on present knowlege, is photographing Iolaus specimens, to Jadwiga Lorenc rather narrowly distributed in mid-altitude outlier (ZMUJ, Krakow), who helped with genitalia ainforest areas east of the Albertine Rift (e.g. Kalinzu dissections and photography and to Renátó Molnár Forest in Uganda and Kakamega Forest in Kenya). (Budapest), who helped editing the colour figures. I. kupe may be its West African vicariant, occupying Erika Zakar was a very skillful field assistant in the similar habitats in the Gulf of Guinea Highlands (and Putu Range. Sáfián’s field work in the Liberian Nimba thus not limited to Mt. Kupe) with orophilous Mountains was supported by the BCP of affinities, but the available material is clearly ArcelorMittal, Liberia and its program coordinator insufficient to assess its full distribution. Wing-Yunn Crawley. The specimens were collected and exported with the permission from the Forestry Development Authority, Liberia. The author also thanks three anonymous referees for their inputs.

LITERATURE CITED

BAYLISS, J.L., COLLINS, S.C. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2016. A new species of Iolaus Hübner, [1819] subgenus Druce, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Mts Namuli and Mabu, Northern Mozambique. Metamorphosis. 27: 23–30. COLLINS, S.C. & LARSEN, T.B. 1995. A new Iolaus from the Shaba Province of Zaire (Lepidoptera;

Lycaenidae). Lambillionea. 95(4): 563–564. Figure 10 – Type locality of I. kupe sp.nov. COLLINS, S.C. & LARSEN, T.B. 2000. Eight new species and five new subspecies of African ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS butterflies (Rhopalocera) – an ABRI research paper. Metamorphosis. 11(2): 57–75. The author is grateful to Steve Collins (ABRI, Nairobi) COLLINS, S.C. & LARSEN, T.B. 2008. Eighteen new for the continuous support of butterfly research and species, five new subspecies, and interesting data access to the collections, to Teresa di Micco de Santo on other African butterflies – Fourth ABRI (ABRI, Nairobi) for her help in sorting and Research Paper. Metamorphosis. 19(2): 41–114. Sáfián / Metamorphosis 28: 2–10 10

COLLINS, S.C., LARSEN, T.B. & WARREN- 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Epitolini). GASH, H. 2003. Notes on Afrotropical butterflies Zootaxa 3931(2): 286–292. with the description of eleven new species and four http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.8 new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) – SÁFIÁN, Sz., LIBERT, M. & COLLINS, S.C. 2013. ABRI Research Paper No. 3. Metamorphosis. Two new Aphnaeus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: 14(3): 63–110. Theclinae) species from Liberia. Zootaxa 3718(2): COLLINS, S.C. & SÁFIÁN, Sz. 2014. Notes on the 193–199. Iridana obscura species group with the description http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3718.2.7 of a new species from western Cameroon STEMPFFER, H. 1961. Complement a la révision des (Lycaenidae: Lipteninae: Epitolini). genres du groupe des Iolaus (Lep. Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 25: 141–146. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire DRUCE, H.H. 1890. Descriptions of twelve new (A) 23: 88–101. species of Lycaenidae from West Africa and one STEMPFFER, H. 1967. The genera of the African from the Solomon Islands in the collection of Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin Herbert Druce. Annals and Magazine of Natural of the British Museum (Natural History), History 6: 24–31. Entomology series Supplement 10: 1–332. EDGE, D.A. 1985. Life history of Iolaus diametra STEMPFFER, H. & BENNETT, N. H. 1958. Révision natalica Vári. Metamorphosis 1(13): 4–6. des genres appartenant au groupe des Iolaus (Lep. EDGE, D.A. 1987. Life history of Lycaenidae). (Premiere Partie). Bulletin de la (Wallengren). Metamorphosis 1(19): 3–5. l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire (A) 20: 1243– HEATH, A. 1985. Revision of three Iolaus subgenera 1347. and descriptions of two new species of Lycaenidae STEMPFFER, H. & BENNETT, N. H. 1959. Révision (Lepidoptera) from Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe des genres appartenant au groupe des Iolaus (Lep. 9(18): 257–266. Lycaenidae). (Deuxieme Partie). Bulletin de la HEATH, A., NEWPORT, M.A. & HANCOCK, D. l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire (A) 21: 227– 2002. The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly 325. Research Institute and The Lepidopterists’ Society WILLIAMS, M.C. & PUTTERILL, J.F. 1998. The of Africa, i-xvii, 1–137. behaviours and morphology of the pre-imaginal HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1984. A revision stages of Iolaus (Iolaphilus) trimeni Wallengren of the Iolaus () silas Westwood complex (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 9(3): (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Africa. 105–123. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 47 (1): 35–43. LARSEN, T.B. 1991. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 522 pp. LARSEN, T.B. 1994. Iolaus newporti, a new species of Lycaenidae from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. 106(11-12): 197–200. LARSEN, T.B. 2005. Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark, 595 pp. + 135 colour plates. MILLER, L.D. 1970. Nomenclature of wing veins and cells. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 8: 37–48. PARÉ, R.D. 1986. Observations on the life-history of Iolaus (Epamera) australis Stevenson (Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 1(16): 5–6. RILEY, N.D. 1928. Notes on Iolaus, Argiolaus and related genera, with descriptions of new species, subspecies and a genus. Novitates Zoologicae 34: 374–394. SÁFIÁN, Sz. 2015a. Two new Epitolini from Liberia in the genera Stempfferia Jackson, 1962 and Cephetola Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 26: 12–19. SÁFIÁN, Sz. 2015b. Aslauga larseni (Lycaenidae: Miletinae: Liphyrini), a unique new species from the Nimba Mountains, Liberia. Metamorphosis 26: 27–30. SÁFIÁN, Sz., COLLINS, S.C. & LIBERT, M. 2015. Two new species in the genus Geritola Libert,