ADULT MOSQUITO SAMPLING STUDY: USE OF THREE TRAPS IN

NOVEMBER 2018

This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government.” Recommended Citation: Adult Mosquito Sampling Study: Use of Three Traps in Jamaica. November 2018. Zika Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project (ZAP) Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS 2) Task Order Six. Rockville, MD. Abt Associates Inc. Contract No.: GHN-I-00-09-00013-00 Task Order: AID-OAA-TO-14-00035 Submitted on: November 30, 2018 Resubmitted on: December 21, 2018

Abt Associates 1 6130 Executive Boulevard 1 1 Rockville, Maryland 20852 1 T. 301.347.5000 1 F. 301.913.9061 1 www.abtassociates.com

ADULT MOSQUITO SAMPLING STUDY: USE OF THREE TRAPS IN JAMAICA

Contents

Abbreviations and Acronyms ...... ii 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Methodology ...... 2 2.1 Design ...... 2 2.2 Field Collection and Analysis of Adults ...... 3 3. Results ...... 5 3.1 Adults Collected by Trap Type ...... 5 3.2 Ovary Dissection for Parity Determination ...... 8 4. Discussion ...... 9 5. Conclusions ...... 11 6. References ...... 12 Appendix 1.1: Adult Collection Protocol ...... 13 Appendix 1.2: Abstract “Field Evaluation of Three Different Traps Collecting Aedes aegypti in Four Parishes of Jamaica” ...... 14 Appendix 1.3: Adult Collection Information (Prokopack Only –strategy II) ...... 15

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary of Data COLECTED BY TRAP by Sentinel Site (Strategy 1) ...... 5 Table 2. Number of mosquitoes and blood-digestion stages of Aedes aegypti per collection period, And Per House, Using Prokopack, Bg Sentinel And Gravid Traps (Strategy I). Collections Were Conducted In 2018...... 6 Table 3. AVerage Number of mosquitoes and blood-digestion stages of Aedes aegypti per collection period, And Per House, Using Prokopack, Bg Sentinel And Gravid Traps (Strategy I). Collections Were Conducted In 2018...... 8 Table 4. Parity Determination In Aedes Aegypti Collected From Adult Traps ...... 8

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Map of sentinel sites in different parishes of Jamaica…………………………………………….2 Figure 2. The Mosquito Control and Research Unit (MCRU) Insectary located at The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica...... 3

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

BG Biogents' BG-Sentinel trap GAT Gravid Aedes trap MCRU Mosquito Control and Research Unit MOH Ministry of Health PK Prokopack aspirator USAID United States Agency for International Development UWI University of the West Indies ZAP Zika AIRS Project

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1. Introduction

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Zika AIRS Project (ZAP) is working in the Caribbean region to support governments to implement vector control activities and conduct monitoring to reduce the spread of the Zika virus. In Jamaica, ZAP works closely with the Mosquito Control and Research Unit (MCRU), a collaboration between the Ministry of Health (MOH) and The University of the West Indies, Mona (UWI) which encompasses academia, research and field implementation of control strategies against mosquito vectors. Through the MCRU, ZAP designed a study to test three mosquito traps in the field: Bioagent’s BG-sentinel traps, Gravid Aedes traps (GAT) and Prokopack aspirators (PK). The goal of the study was to determine trap performance in the field and efficacy of the traps to collect Ae. aegypti individuals, inside and around premises of selected sites. Four sentinel sites comprised of both urban, peri-urban and rural households were established to conduct the study, representing four geographical parishes within Jamaica: Kingston/St. Andrew, St. Thomas and St. Catherine. Results of this study inform sampling approaches during Aedes mosquito surveillance conducted by ZAP Jamaica.

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2. Methodology

2.1 Design In agreement with the Ministry of Health, four sentinel sites were selected to conduct the study in January 2018. Three of the sentinel sites were selected in the same geographic areas where a larvicide campaign, using VectoBac® WDG, was conducted at the household level. A fourth sentinel site was selected as a control site (with no larvicide application). The four sentinel sites include: Harbour View in Kingston Parish (control), in St. Catherine Parish, Havendale in St. Andrew Parish, and area in St. Thomas Parish.

Figure 1. Map of sentinel sites in different parishes of Jamaica.

Data collected and presented in this study span between February–July, 2018. Traps were set in at least four houses/premises per week. Individual houses/premises were rotated weekly as to not overwhelm the householder. Data were collected as part of ZAP’s entomological surveillance program, and sampling was conducted by trained field technicians. Two sampling strategies were used: Comparison of three adult mosquito traps (Strategy I), and sampling with Prokopack aspirators only (Strategy II). For the first strategy, three traps were placed simultaneously in at least four houses per sentinel site (total N=16). Three traps - BG, GATs and PKs – were deployed over a three-day collection period every two weeks1. The BG traps were placed on verandahs/patios of the household; GATs traps were placed outside the houses in a safe location; and Prokopack aspirators were used for indoor mosquito sampling in two areas per house (living

1 For the last data collection month, four additional houses were included in the survey in the control sentinel site, Harbour View.

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room and bedroom). The second sampling strategy (Strategy II) used PK aspirators only, in which sampling occurred in an additional 56 houses, twice a month. Field specimens were collected and analyzed at the MCRU insectary as described below. Appendix 1details the month schedule of adult sampling, when deploying three different traps. 2.2 Field Collection and Analysis of Adults 2.2.1 Storage Field technicians collected the adults at the selected sentinel sites, in the field, from each trap. Once the individuals were properly packed, they were then transported to the MCRU insectary (Figure 1) in plastic cups or inside a cooler. Specimens were placed in the refrigerator in order to keep them fresh. Before detailed observations were made, mosquitoes were killed by exposure in a freezer for at least one hour. 2.2.2 Identification Mosquitoes were separated from other insects in the containers, then carefully removed from the plastic cups FIGURE 2. THE MOSQUITO CONTROL AND using forceps and placed in a petri dish to be examined RESEARCH UNIT (MCRU) INSECTARY LOCATED AT under a dissecting microscope. MCRU’s laboratory THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, MONA, officers sorted all mosquitoes by genera, species and JAMAICA. sex. Taxonomical keys were employed to reach species confirmation of Aedes aegypti individuals (Belkin et al.1970, Rueda, 2004). All female Aedes aegypti individuals were further examined to determine the blood digestion stage, then placed in matchboxes with a damp cotton to retain moisture. Live female Aedes aegypti were kept fresh if dissection procedures were intended (such as ovary dissection for parity determination). 2.2.3 Dissection and Parity Determination Parity relates to the ovary maturation in female individuals and whether a female has laid eggs at the time of the ovary dissection. This information provides a good estimation as to the age of a mosquito female. Some considerations regarding the age of a female mosquito follow:  Older mosquitoes are more likely to transmit diseases since they have had the opportunity to blood feed on potentially infectious hosts.  Since it is impossible to tell how old a wild-caught mosquito is, our best guess relates to parity. If a female mosquito has not laid eggs (nulliparous), the individual is likely relatively young; if the female has laid eggs before (parous), it would have had the opportunity to mate and take a blood meal, and is therefore likely older.  Parity assessment can be performed by a technique called ovary dissection.  A nulliparous mosquito cannot transmit Zika because it has not yet acquired the virus. The unfed female Aedes aegypti were dissected using size-one insect pins under a dissecting microscope. A drop of water was placed on the mosquito on a microscope slide and the head and thorax are separated from the abdomen. The last three segments of the abdomen were removed and the ovaries pulled out and separated from other internal organs and tissues. A coverslip was carefully lowered and the ovaries were observed under a compound microscope, to determine if the females were parous or nulliparous. For preservation, a drop of glycerol was added to the slide (Technique of ovary dissection included in a

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training manual provided by ZAP to entomology technicians. See listed as ZAP, May 2017 in list of references). 2.2.4 Disposal of Biological Material All mosquitoes were placed in a biohazard bag which was autoclaved and discarded based on MCRU waste management protocols.

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3. Results

The following information is still considered raw data (previous to statistical analyses). This report includes total and average values to describe the number of mosquitoes and Aedes aegypti females caught when different methodologies deployed. Additionally, Aedes aegypti female that were classified as “blood-fed”, as well as “gravid” individuals are worth noticing. The tables below present the data collected from each of the three traps, in the different sentinel sites. Data collection was conducted during the period of February – July, 2018, while exact collection dates vary by parish. Table 1 presents the overall summary of adult mosquitoes collected, Table 2 details the Strategy I approach using three traps, Table 4 parity determination for Ae. aegypti females only, and the Appendix 1.3 presents the data from the PK-only collection method (Strategy II). 3.1 Adults Collected by Trap Type TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF DATA COLECTED BY TRAP BY SENTINEL SITE (STRATEGY 1)

Sentinel site # # Houses Total Prokopack BG Sentinel Gravid Trap Weeks number of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti collected individuals individuals individuals Total % Female Total % Total % Female Female Harbour View 11 74 4405 1101 53% 980 67% 184 96% (Control site) Havendale 9 56 3550 425 45% 443 44% 58 94% Linstead 11 41 2003 195 42.70% 127 58% 10 100% Yallahs 10 42 3889 539 43% 367 37% 41 98%

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TABLE 2. NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES AND BLOOD-DIGESTION STAGES OF AEDES AEGYPTI PER COLLECTION PERIOD, AND PER HOUSE, USING PROKOPACK, BG SENTINEL AND GRAVID TRAPS (STRATEGY I). COLLECTIONS WERE CONDUCTED IN 2018.

Sentinel site/ total HH PK BG GAT PK BG GAT PK BG GAT sampled Collection Number of female Aedes Number of female Ae.aegypti Number of female period aegypti per house blood-fed/per house Ae.aegypti gravid/per house Harbour View (control)/4 Feb 13-16 35 0 0.75 10.5 0 0 20.75 0 0 Harbour View (control)/4 Feb 23-March 3 48.25 16.25 4 17.25 3 0.5 24.75 5.75 1.5 Harbour View (control)/4 March 14-16 5.5 1.75 0.5 1 0 0 4.25 1.5 0.5 Harbour View (control)/8 March 28-30 4.5 2 2.5 1 0.125 0.25 1.88 1.125 0.875 Harbour View (control)/8 April 11-13 2.88 2.87 0.87 0.88 0.37 0.2 1.38 1.75 0.25 Harbour View (control)/8 April 25 -27 7 5 0.87 2 0 0 10.63 1 0.5 Harbour View (control)/8 May 9-11 11.38 6.25 0.62 4.38 0.37 0 4.13 3.87 0.37 Harbour View (control)/8 May 24-25 10.13 14.5 2.37 3.38 0.75 0.25 4 2.25 1.12 Harbour View (control)/8 June 6-8 26.25 9 4.125 6.25 0.625 0.5 12.38 5.37 1 Harbour View (control)/8 June 20-23 7.63 5.25 4 1.88 0.25 0.5 3.38 3.62 2.75 Harbour View (control)/8 July 4-6 3.125 5 4.12 0.5 0.37 0.5 0.75 3.12 3.12 Havendale (intervention site)/4 Feb 5-9 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 Havendale (intervention site)/4 Feb 19-23 1 1.75 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.25 1 0 Havendale (intervention site)/4 March 6-9 2.5 0.25 0 1.25 0 0 0.5 0 0 Havendale (intervention site)/4 March 20-23 6 3.25 0 1.5 0.5 0 3.5 1.5 0 Havendale (intervention site)/4 April 4-6 13.25 2.5 0.5 3.25 0 0 7 1.25 0.5 Havendale (intervention site)/8 April 18-20 1.38 2.25 0.37 0.5 0.12 0.12 0.625 1.75 0.12 Havendale (intervention site)/8 May 2-4 3.75 1.87 1.37 1.5 0.25 0.12 1.5 1 0.37 Havendale (intervention site)/8 May 15-17 10.63 6.87 2.62 3.13 0.75 0.12 4.5 2.25 2 Havendale (intervention site)/8 May 30-June 1 2.63 2.12 2.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.13 1.12 1.5

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Sentinel site/ total HH PK BG GAT PK BG GAT PK BG GAT sampled Collection Number of female Aedes Number of female Ae. Number of female Ae. aegypti period aegypti per house aegypti fed/per house gravid/house Yallahs (intervention site)/4 Feb 28-March 2 15 1.5 1.25 5.25 0 0 2.75 0 0 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 March 13-16 3.5 3.5 0.25 0.25 0.5 0 2 1.25 0.25 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 March 28-30 0.25 1 1.75 0 0 0 0 0.5 1.25 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 April 11-13 5.75 6.75 0.5 3 0.25 0.25 2.25 5.75 0.25 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 April 25-27 3.5 6.25 1.5 0.5 0.5 0 2.5 0.75 1.5 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 May 9-11 5.25 2 0.75 1.75 0.2 0 2.5 0.75 1.5 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 May 24-25 10.75 6.25 2.5 5.25 0 0.75 4 2.75 1.25 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 June 6-8 7.75 5.25 0.25 10.75 0.5 0 23 4.5 0 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 June 27-29 3.25 5.25 1 1.5 1.5 0 1.25 0.75 1 Yallahs (intervention site)/4 July 4-6 0.75 1.5 0.25 0.5 0 0 0.25 0.75 0.25 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 Feb 5-9 0.75 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.25 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 Feb 20-23 0.05 2.5 0 0 0.25 0 0.25 0.75 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 March 5-9 2.5 0.5 0 1 0 0 0 0.25 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 April 3-6 1.25 1 1.5 0.75 0 0 0.5 0.75 0.5 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 April 18-20 2.25 0.5 0 1.5 0.25 0 0.25 0 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 May 2-4 1.75 3 0.5 0.75 0.5 0 0.5 1 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 May 15-17 1.5 1.25 0.25 0.75 0.75 0 0.25 0.5 0.25 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 May 30-June 1 1.25 1 0 0.25 0.25 0 0.75 0.75 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 June 12-15 6.75 1.5 0 2 0 0 2.75 0.25 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 June 27-29 14.75 1 0 3.75 0.25 0 6.5 0.75 0 Linstead (intervention Site)/4 July 11-13 8.75 5.75 0.25 1.75 0 0 2.25 3 0.25

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TABLE 3. AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES AND BLOOD-DIGESTION STAGES OF AEDES AEGYPTI PER COLLECTION PERIOD, AND PER HOUSE, USING PROKOPACK, BG SENTINEL AND GRAVID TRAPS (STRATEGY I). COLLECTIONS WERE CONDUCTED IN 2018.

Sentinel site Average Aedes aegypti Average Ae.aegypti fed Average Ae.aegypti per house per house gravid per house

P BG GAT P BG GAT P BG GAT Harbour View (control) 14.70 6.12 2.09 4.46 0.68 0.22 8.03 2.59 0.96 Havendale (intervention site) 4.63 2.46 0.93 1.38 0.22 0.11 2.00 1.14 0.55 Yallahs (intervention site) 5.58 3.93 1.00 2.88 0.35 0.10 4.05 1.78 0.73 Linstead (Intervention Site) 3.78 1.68 0.23 1.39 0.20 0.00 1.32 0.75 0.09

3.2 Ovary Dissection for Parity Determination TABLE 4. PARITY DETERMINATION IN AEDES AEGYPTI COLLECTED FROM ADULT TRAPS

BG trap Prokopack GAT

Parity/Location Harbour View Nulliparous 36 29 1 Parous 73 81 1 Total dissected 109 110 2 Havendale Nulliparous 4 28 Parous 25 70 Total dissected 29 98 0 Linstead Nulliparous 3 14 Parous 16 44 Total dissected 19 58 0 Yallahs Nulliparous 6 22 Parous 11 48 Total dissected 17 70 0

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4. Discussion

This study provides a comprehensive collection of data on adult mosquito trapping in sentinel sites located in different parishes of Jamaica. The main variables from which we obtained local information comprise 1) efficacy of active sampling vs. passive sampling methodologies; 2) trap specificity for Aedes aegypti individuals, and 3) comparison of mosquito abundance under different scenarios such as larvicide application vs. no larvicide application (control site). Our results showed that the use of active mosquito-sampling, with Prokopack aspirators, is extremely productive in terms of number of individuals collected inside houses (Tables 1-3 and Appendix 1.3), and more importantly in the number of Ae. aegypti females caught whit this device. Though the Prokopack’s specificity for trapping Ae. aegypti oscillated in a wide range, from 40 to 90%, the number of fed and gravid individuals sampled with this trap, surpassed the other two devices tested in the study. The PK collections were conducted in two different indoor areas (living rooms and bedrooms), which means that the PK- mosquito-sampling values actually represent double the space sampled by the other traps alone, either BGs or GATs. The original design of this study had the deployment of the BG traps indoors as well, however, the local residents in the parishes where ZAP implements these activities, refused to keep the BG traps inside their homes. The local residents’ refusal is likely due to the strong odor released by the mosquito-lure encased in each trap-lid (a strong combination of reagents simulating a human scent), and also the frequency at which each trap needs to be checked and its battery replaced by a field technician, action needed every 24 hours. The PKs aspirators as active sampling techniques, trapped high numbers of mosquitoes in every household visit. This fact can also mean that PKs not only served as surveillance tools, but also as control devices by removing a considerable number of individuals from each house (see numbers of Aedes aegypti individuals trapped per house in Table 2 for each sentinel site; Appendix 1.3). In average, the number of Ae. aegypti females trapped by PKs within a three-day collection period was 14.7 females per house in the control site (approximately 4-5 females/day) (Table 3), while in the rest of the sentinel sites, designated as intervention sites, the average number of females (within a three-day collection period) was 4.63, 5.58 and 3.78 individuals per house for Havendale, Yallahs and Linstead respectively (approx.. 1.5, 1.86, and 1.26 individuals per day, respectively). The average abundance of females found in Yallahs was the highest of the intervention sites (5.58 females/house, Table 3). This is most likely explained by the local coverage of treated houses for this study site (47% HH treated), due to the amount of closed houses that prevented the vector control teams to enter premises and treat containers. This fact was coupled with the particular context of the parish that was described by ZAP’s team as “a relatively hot and dry area, where residents tend to harvest a lot water in containers”. The BG-trap’s specificity for trapping Ae. aegypti individuals ranged mostly between 60-80% of the trapped specimen which is a confirmation of the known efficiency of this device, that when compared to the other traps, has a considerable amount of published studies in support of its utility for Ae. aegypti sampling in urban areas (see link under Biogents in reference list). The current data obtained with BG traps represents mosquitoes from the outdoors of houses, as location of the traps was mostly in verandahs. The average number of Ae. aegypti females collected during this study (three-day collection period) ranged from 6.12 individuals in the control site (Harbour View), to a range of 1.68 to 3.93 individuals in the intervention sites (2.46 individuals in Havendale, 3.93 individuals in Yallahs and 1.68 individuals in Linstead - Table 3). These values showed that females trapped in locations under a larviciding campaign corresponded to around half of the individuals recorded in the control site, with no larvicide intervention. The BG traps

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are clearly a passive methodology for adult mosquito sampling, and the overall outcome in terms of number of individuals trapped when compared to the PKs’ outcome is lower, meaning less efficiency in the field. The GAT-trap’s specificity for trapping Ae. aegypti individuals was really high (in most cases 100%) despite the low or very low numbers of mosquitoes actually trapped by this tool. This information is useful when deciding the type of individuals that an entomological survey is targeting; though this device is designed to trap gravid Ae. aegypti females, our data showed only a few number of gravid females caught by this passive methodology. One factor that was highly variable in this study was the exact location of the GAT traps, in the outdoor areas of selected houses. Regarding the distribution of the parous vs. nulliparous female-population of Ae. aegypti in the study areas, the results showed that all the intervention sites had less number of parous females (matured individuals that have already fed and laid eggs, Table 4) when compared to the control site, which is in support of the effect of the larvicide application. Ideally, the larviciding campaign is reducing the female populations, which in turn decreases the possibility of pathogen transmission to humans. Finally, the narrative included in the scientific Abstract submitted at the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) (see Appendix 1.3), with results on adult trapping in Jamaica, suggested that the use of BGs and GATs would be highly efficient for Aedes aegypti sampling; however, such abstract was drafted in September 2018, at an early phase of the data revision. Thus, its main conclusions differ from the current report, in which a more detailed revision of our data was conducted. Given that the scientific abstract was accepted by AMCA for a conference in February 2019, the ZAP team will have enough time to present an updated and more detailed set of results by the time of the actual presentation. It will be an excellent opportunity to report on Aedes aegypti mass trapping.

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5. Conclusions

1. The active sampling of adult mosquitoes performed with Prokopack aspirators showed a highly effective outcome, as mass trapping included high percentages of Aedes aegypti females, in key stages such as parous and fed individuals inside houses. The efficiency of the PKs compared to the passive methods represented by BGs and GAT traps was consistent through different sentinel sites and periods of collection. The PKs reached the most efficient sampling in this large-scale operational study. 2. Passive sampling methods such as BG traps are highly specific for Aedes aegypti individuals but lack the power of mass-trapping. BG traps rendered much less individuals than PKs, and lacked operational ease, which posed considerable logistical difficulties during the field work phase of ZAP’s large-scale implementation. 3. ZAP’s implementation through a larvicide campaign in several parishes of Jamaica achieved reduction of the overall population of Aedes aegypti in the study areas, as well as the number of parous females.

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6. References

Biogents. List of publications in which Biogents traps have been assessed.https://eu.biogents.com/wp- content/uploads/Publication-List-Biogents-Mosquito-Traps.pdf

ZAP. May 2017. Ensuring High-Quality Entomological Monitoring Practices: A Regional Workshop for ZAP Entomology Managers. Bethesda, MD. Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates Inc.

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Appendix 1.1: Adult Collection Protocol

Adult collections are done on Wednesday to Friday every other week for each sentinel site. For the next adult collection period, the BG sentinel and gravid trap will be moved to another house where the Prokopack aspirator was used before. Each pair of technicians is responsible for 15 houses, representing a total of 60 houses for each sentinel site.

Trap

BG Sentinel Gravid Prokopack Aspirator Number of Traps per 4 or 8 4 or 8 4 Sentinel Site Number of Premises 4 or 8 (one should be a 4 or 8 (one should be a 15 school) school) Time Remain on one premise Remain on one premise Aspirating begins on Wednesdays for 3 days. Set on Tuesday for 3 days. Set on Tuesday and is done on premise with BG + evening and change evening and collect finally Gravid for all 3 days of adult battery every evening after on Friday evening. collection. Collection is also done 24 hrs. Collect finally on on 5 additional premise/pair/day Friday evening. for the next 2 days. Place of Setting Set on veranda/Inside Set outside Use for 3 -5 minutes in each (most appropriate place) room. Then move to next premise. Label collecting cups/mesh bags Number of Batteries per 4-8 batteries - 4 batteries Sentinel Site

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Appendix 1.2: Abstract “Field Evaluation of Three Different Traps Collecting Aedes aegypti in Four Parishes of Jamaica”

ZAP submitted the following abstract to the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) for its annual meeting (February 25 –March 1, 2019), drawing on the adult collection data from entomological surveillance activities conducted February 13 - June 23, 2018. Field evaluation of three different traps collecting Aedes aegypti in four parishes of Jamaica Authors: Sashell Mckenzie1, Kimalie Parchment2, Jean Margaritis2, Everton Baker3, Carolina Torres Gutierrez4. Affiliations: 1Mosquito Control and Research Unit (MCRU), University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, 2The Zika AIRS Project (ZAP), Abt Associates, Jamaica, 3 Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Jamaica, 4The ZIKA AIRS Project, Abt Associates, Rockville, USA. Proposed format: Oral The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Zika AIRS Project (ZAP) is working in the Caribbean region to support governments to implement vector control activities and conduct monitoring to reduce the spread of the Zika virus. ZAP Jamaica and the Mosquito Control and Research Unit (MCRU), designed a study to test three mosquito traps: BG-sentinel traps, Gravid Aedes Traps (GAT) and Prokopack aspirators (PK). The goal was to determine trap performance in the field and efficacy of the traps to collect Ae. aegypti individuals, inside and around premises of selected sites. Three sentinel sites were selected in geographic areas where a larvicide campaign using VectoBac® WDG is applied to containers found at the household level. A fourth sentinel site was selected as a control site. The sample per site included four houses (total N=16). In each house, BGs, GATs and PKs were deployed for a three-day collection period. Each house had two sampling periods/month. Results showed that 76% of specimens in and around the premises of the sites were Ae. aegypti and 47% were females of the same species. Overall, the number of female Ae. aegypti per trap per person was higher in the control site. The number of female Ae. aegypti per BG, per person, was 2.8x10-2 in the control vs. 6.3x10-3 for the intervention. The number of female Ae. aegypti per GAT, per person, was 1.04x10-2 for control vs. 1.6x10- 3 in the intervention. Female Ae. aegypti per PK, per person, was 6x10-2 for the control vs 3x10-2 in the intervention. GATs collected only Aedes. Most of the Ae. aegypti dissected from the BGs and the PKs were multiparous. This is the first time that adult mosquito collections have been conducted in Jamaica, demonstrating that BG and GAT traps are the most effective tools for mosquito surveillance.

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Appendix 1.3: Adult Collection Information (Prokopack Only – strategy II)

Harbour View

Date Total number of Total number of Total number of female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti Jan 29 – Feb 2, 20182 240 211 135 Feb 13 – 16, 2018 332 278 194 Feb 26 - Mar 3, 2018 275 386 227 March 14-16, 2018 361 274 154 March 25 – 30, 2018 191 141 94 April 11 – 13, 2018 183 136 103 April 25 – 27, 2018 235 182 152 May 9 – 11, 2018 333 249 182 May 24 – 25, 2018 467 435 302 June 6 – 8, 2018 345 305 238 June 20 – 23, 2018 240 142 97 July 4 – 6, 2018 103 80 62 Total 3,065 2,608 1,805

Havendale

Date Total number of Total number of Total number of female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti Feb 5 – 9, 2018 354 112 36 Feb 19 – 23, 2018 86 62 48 March 6 – 9, 2018 379 173 115 March 19 – 23, 2018 187 140 74 April 2 – 6, 2018 438 218 111 April 18 – 20, 2018 445 273 268 May 2 – 4, 2018 497 388 215 May 15 – 17, 2018 157 107 25 May 30 – June 1, 2018 163 109 67 Total 2,706 1,582 959

2 No BG Sentinel or Gravid trap used during this collection period.

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Yallahs

Date Total number of Total number of Total number of female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti Feb 26 – March 3, 2018 361 308 206 March 14 – 16, 2018 270 176 123 March 28 – 30, 2018 370 160 87 April 11 – 13, 2018 318 120 85 April 25 – 27, 2018 159 112 110 May 9 – 11, 2018 414 287 152 May 24 – 25, 2018 437 346 202 June 6 – 8, 2018 359 285 131 June 27-29, 2018 386 280 216 July 4 – 6, 2018 190 101 51 Total 3,264 2,175 1,363

Linstead

Date Total number of Total number of Total number of female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti Feb 5 – 9, 2018 211 143 123 Feb 20 – 23, 2018 146 87 57 March 5 – 9, 2018 96 86 46 April 2 – 6, 2018 50 43 23 April 18 – 20, 2018 121 92 76 May 2 – 4, 2018 47 24 18 May 15 – 17, 2018 104 83 42 May 30 – June 1, 2018 140 79 47 June 12 – 15, 2018 233 193 141 June 27 – 29, 2018 134 139 3 July 11 – 13, 2018 358 206 129 Total 1,640 1,175 705

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