DOCSLIB.ORG

R. Moshe Narboni: Philospher and Physician, a Critical Analysis of Sefer Orah Hayyim

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
R. Moshe Narboni: Philospher and Physician, a Critical Analysis of Sefer Orah Hayyim R. MOSHE NARBONI: PHILOSPHER AND PHYSICIAN, A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SEFER ORAH HAYYIM GERRIT BOS* Introduction Moses Ben Joshua of Narbonne (c. 1300-1362 C.E.), also known as Maestro Vidal Bellsom (Blasom), was one of the foremost philosophers of his time. He was also a medical author and practising physician, who began his career in his native city Perpignan. Jewish physicians in 14th century Provence constituted as much as five percent of the Jewish work- ing population. Jews treated Christians as well as their coreligionists, and often held the official position of municipal physician. Their services 2 were particularly in demand during epidemics.? In 1344, after he finished his commentary on Ibn Rushd's "Epistle on the possibility of conjunction with the active intellect", Narboni fled Perpignan because of the turmoil that followed the conquest of the Kingdom of Majorca (the 3 Balearic Islands and Roussillon) by the king of Aragon, Pedro IV.3 Subsequently Narboni led an itinerant life in northern Spain, residing and practicing medicine in several cities, such as Barcelona, Burgos, Cervera, Toledo and Soria. Jewish physicians were held in high esteem by the Christians in northern Spain; they were hired by municipal authorities to attend to the medical needs of the community and shared this responsibility with Christian practitioners, despite ecclesiastical pro- hibitions to the contrary.4 The tiny Jewish communities of northern * I thank my friend Eric Pellow for proofreading the manuscript. ' For his bio- and bibliographical data see Solomon Munk, Melan?esde philosophie juive et arabe, Paris 1859, pp. 502-6; Moritz Steinschneider, Die hebrdischenUbersetzungen des Mit- telatters und die Juden als Dolmetscher,Berlin 1893, repr. Graz 1956, pp. 311-3; 746-8; Renan & Neubauer, Les écrivainsjuifs français du XIV siècle, Paris 1893, repr. Farn- borough 1969, pp. 320-335; Henri Gross, Gallia Judaica. Dictionnairegeograf?hique de la Franced'apris les sourcesRabbiniques. Traduit sur le manuscrit de l'auteur par Moise Bloch, Paris 1897, pp. 427-9; Encyclopaedia Judaica,vol. 12, cols. 422-4, art. "Moses Ben Joshua of Narbonne" (A.L. Ivry); A.L. Ivry (ed.), Ma'amar bi-Shelemutha-Nefesh, Jerusalem 1977, pp. 13-23; Maurice R. Hayoun, La philosophizeet la théologiede Moi'sede Narbonne, Tilbingen 1989, pp. 61-3. 2 See Encyclopaedia Judaica,vol. 13, col. 1260, art. "Provence" (B. Blumenkranz). 3 See Munk, op. cit., note 1 above, p. 503; Kalman P. Bland, The epistleon thepossibility of conjunctionwith the activeintellect by Ibn Rushd with thecommentary of MosesNarboni. A critical edition and annotated translation, New York 1982, pp. 110, 149-150. 4 See Luis Garcia-Ballester, "A marginal learned medical world: Jewish, Muslim and Christian medical practitioners and the use of Arabic medical sources in late medieval 220 Spain supported a relatively large number of physicians. For instance, the Jewish community of Barcelona, with an estimated population of 1,200-1,500, counted eleven medical practitioners, while their Christian neighbours, nearly twenty times as numerous, supported only twenty- two. In Aragon, where the Jews were outnumbered three to one by 5 Muslims, there were ten times as many Jewish as Muslim physicians.5 During his travels through northern Spain Narboni witnessed the impact of war and banditry on the Jewish community. In 1349, when the Jews were persecuted in the wake of the Black Death, he was forced to aban- don his home in Cervera, leaving his library behind.6 In 1355, while residing in Toledo and engaged in the composition of a commentary on Maimonidcs' Guide, Narboni experienced the ravages of pillage and plunder first hand. He then moved to Soria, where he completed his commentary in 1362.' Narboni wrote an important medical work, Sefer Orah ?layyl'm, which is extant in manuscript.8 This work has yet to be thoroughly studied; some aspects, such as the author's autobiographical references, and the medical authorities which he cites were briefly treated by Steinschncider and Renan.`' In this article I will discuss Narboni's implicit sources as well as his explicit quotations from ancient and medieval physicians in greater detail. I will also consider several hitherto neglected facets of the work, namely, medicine, regimen and education of children, magic, astrology, and philosophy. Narboni's medical compendium, composed in the year 1350, consists of six parts, each of which comprises several chapters.'° The first part, Spain," Practical medicine,fromSalerno to the Black Death, edited by Luis Garcia-Ballester, Roger French,,Jon Arrizabalaga & Andrew Cunningham, Cambridge 1994, pp. 353-394, csp. 367-8. 5 See Michael R. MeVaugh, Medicinebefore the plague.Practitioners and tlaeir?atientsin the Crown of Ara?on 1285-1345, Cambridge 1993, pp. 52-5. o See Munk, op. cit., note 1 above, pp. 503-4, n. 3. ' See Munk, op. cit., note 1 above, p. 505, n. 1; Yitzhak Baer, A historyof the Jews in Christian Spain, 2 vols., Philadelphia 1961, vol. 1, p. :364, and esp. p. 449, n. 50.' 8 For a general evaluation of its importance, see Stcinschneider, op. cit., note 1 above, p. 746: "Dieses...Werk ist in verschiedencn Beziehungen sehr interessant: fiir die Biographie des Verfassers, Cultur- und Literaturgeschichte, fur die medicinische Ter- minologie..." For the existing MSS see Steinschneider, ibid. 9 Steinschneider, op. cit., note 1 above, pp. 312, 746-8; Renan & Neubauer, op. cit., note 1 above, pp. 330-3. 10 For my research I have consulted MS Munich 276; for this MS see Steinschneider, Die hebriischenHandschriften der K. Hof- und Staatsbibliotheikin Miinchen.2nd rev. and enl. ed., Munich 1895, p. 136. On the year of its composition see fol. 124a: "I have witnessed in the past year, namely, 5109 (= 1349), a great lethal plague..."; see as well Steinschneider, ha-Karmel, 7, p. 110; Renan & Neubauer, op. cit., note 1 above, pp. 331-2. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Beginning the Conversation
    NOTES 1 Beginning the Conversation 1. Jacob Katz, Exclusiveness and Tolerance: Jewish-Gentile Relations in Medieval and Modern Times (New York: Schocken, 1969). 2. John Micklethwait, “In God’s Name: A Special Report on Religion and Public Life,” The Economist, London November 3–9, 2007. 3. Mark Lila, “Earthly Powers,” NYT, April 2, 2006. 4. When we mention the clash of civilizations, we think of either the Spengler battle, or a more benign interplay between cultures in individual lives. For the Spengler battle, see Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996). For a more benign interplay in individual lives, see Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1999). 5. Micklethwait, “In God’s Name.” 6. Robert Wuthnow, America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005). “Interview with Robert Wuthnow” Religion and Ethics Newsweekly April 26, 2002. Episode no. 534 http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week534/ rwuthnow.html 7. Wuthnow, America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity, 291. 8. Eric Sharpe, “Dialogue,” in Mircea Eliade and Charles J. Adams, The Encyclopedia of Religion, first edition, volume 4 (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 345–8. 9. Archbishop Michael L. Fitzgerald and John Borelli, Interfaith Dialogue: A Catholic View (London: SPCK, 2006). 10. Lily Edelman, Face to Face: A Primer in Dialogue (Washington, DC: B’nai B’rith, Adult Jewish Education, 1967). 11. Ben Zion Bokser, Judaism and the Christian Predicament (New York: Knopf, 1967), 5, 11. 12. Ibid., 375.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanya Sources.Pdf
    The Way to the Tree of Life Jewish practice entails fulfilling many laws. Our diet is limited, our days to work are defined, and every aspect of life has governing directives. Is observance of all the laws easy? Is a perfectly righteous life close to our heart and near to our limbs? A righteous life seems to be an impossible goal! However, in the Torah, our great teacher Moshe, Moses, declared that perfect fulfillment of all religious law is very near and easy for each of us. Every word of the Torah rings true in every generation. Lesson one explores how the Tanya resolved these questions. It will shine a light on the infinite strength that is latent in each Jewish soul. When that unending holy desire emerges, observance becomes easy. Lesson One: The Infinite Strength of the Jewish Soul The title page of the Tanya states: A Collection of Teachings ספר PART ONE לקוטי אמרים חלק ראשון Titled הנקרא בשם The Book of the Beinonim ספר של בינונים Compiled from sacred books and Heavenly מלוקט מפי ספרים ומפי סופרים קדושי עליון נ״ע teachers, whose souls are in paradise; based מיוסד על פסוק כי קרוב אליך הדבר מאד בפיך ובלבבך לעשותו upon the verse, “For this matter is very near to לבאר היטב איך הוא קרוב מאד בדרך ארוכה וקצרה ”;you, it is in your mouth and heart to fulfill it בעזה״י and explaining clearly how, in both a long and short way, it is exceedingly near, with the aid of the Holy One, blessed be He. "1 of "393 The Way to the Tree of Life From the outset of his work therefore Rav Shneur Zalman made plain that the Tanya is a guide for those he called “beinonim.” Beinonim, derived from the Hebrew bein, which means “between,” are individuals who are in the middle, neither paragons of virtue, tzadikim, nor sinners, rishoim.
    [Show full text]
  • Sceptical Paths Studies and Texts in Scepticism
    Sceptical Paths Studies and Texts in Scepticism Edited on behalf of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies by Giuseppe Veltri Managing Editor: Yoav Meyrav Editorial Board Heidrun Eichner, Talya Fishman, Racheli Haliva, Henrik Lagerlund, Reimund Leicht, Stephan Schmid, Carsten Wilke, Irene Zwiep Volume 6 Sceptical Paths Enquiry and Doubt from Antiquity to the Present Edited by Giuseppe Veltri, Racheli Haliva, Stephan Schmid, and Emidio Spinelli The series Studies and Texts in Scepticism is published on behalf of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies ISBN 978-3-11-058960-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-059104-0 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-059111-8 ISSN 2568-9614 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 Licence. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Control Number: 2019947115 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Giuseppe Veltri, Racheli Haliva, Stephan Schmid, Emidio Spinelli, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, Ms Cod. Levy 115, fol. 158r: Maimonides, More Nevukhim, Beginn von Teil III. Printing & binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Contents Introduction 1 Carlos Lévy Philo of Alexandria vs. Descartes: An Ignored Jewish
    [Show full text]
  • The Passion for Metaphysics in Maimonides' Thought
    Dov Schwartz The Passion for Metaphysics in Maimonides’ Thought My concern in this paper is five chapters in Guide of the Perplexed I:31–35. Centring on an educational and didactic issue, this unit deals with the proper approach to the study of metaphysics as manifest in the requirements concerning four aspects: 1. A scientific aspect: preceding the study of metaphysics by the study of other sciences (logic, mathematics, physics, and astronomy). 2. A methodological aspect: preserving proper rules of thought, proceeding cau- tiously and constantly examining the arguments. 3. An ethical aspect: focusing exclusively on the study of these sciences and keeping away from material concerns. 4. A political aspect: concern for the masses – guaranteeing they do not exceed the limited boundaries of their comprehension while ensuring their access to a minimum of metaphysical assumptions. I will argue that, in this unit, Maimonides relies on what he views as an almost uncon- trollable urge to reach the summits of knowledge. I will further argue that Maimo- nides turned the passion for metaphysics into a powerful political and theological factor. The conclusion of the discussion will be that this unit is one of the most con- centrated expressions of Maimonidean rationalism. Several questions recur in discussions about the Guide: Maimonides’ aim in writing the book, his attitude towards science and its connection to revelation on the one hand, and towards biblical exegesis and rabbinic sources on the other. Additional questions touch on the character of the book, the reason for the order of its chapters, its concealment techniques, the identification of esoteric ideas, and so forth.
    [Show full text]
  • Felsefe Kitabı
    Felsefe Kitabı (felsevuf düzenleme) Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Publishing 2011 Alfa Yayınları ISBN: 978-605-106-321-8 Felsefe Kitabı 1 Gottfried Leibniz ................ 66 Rudolf Carnap ................. 127 İçindekiler George Berkeley ............... 68 Walter Benjamin .............. 128 Felsefe Kitabı .......................... 1 Devrim Çağı .......................... 70 Herbert Marcuse .............. 129 Giriş ..................................... 2 Voltaire .............................. 71 Hans-Georg Gadamer ..... 129 Antik Dünya ............................ 6 David Hume ....................... 72 Karl Popper ...................... 131 Miletoslu Thales .................. 7 Jean-Jacques Rousseau ... 74 Theodor Adorno ............... 133 Lao Tzu ............................... 8 Adam Smith ....................... 77 Jean-Paul Sartre .............. 134 Pisagor ................................ 9 Immanuel Kant .................. 80 Hannah Arendt ................ 136 Siddhartha Gautama ......... 11 Edmund Burke ................... 83 Emmanuel Levinas .......... 137 Konfüçyüs ......................... 14 Jeremy Bentham ............... 84 Maurice Merleau-Ponty ... 137 Herakleitos ........................ 16 Mary Wollstonecraft ........... 85 Simone de Beauvoir ........ 139 Parmenides ....................... 17 Johann Gottlieb Fichte ...... 86 Willard Van Orman Quine 140 Protagoras ......................... 18 Friedrich Schlegel .............. 87 Isaiah Berlin ..................... 141 Mozi ................................... 19 Georg
    [Show full text]
  • MEDICINE and RELIGION C.
    OXFORD HISTORICAL MONOGRAPHS EDITORS R. R. DAVIES R. J. W. EVANS P. LANGFORD H. C. G. MATTHEW H. M. MAYR-HARTING A. J. NICHOLLS SIR KEITH THOMAS MEDICINE AND RELIGION c.1300 The Case of Arnau de Vilanova JOSEPH ZIEGLER CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD 1998 Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX26DP Oxford New Y ork Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New Y ork © Joseph Ziegler 1998 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First published 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data applied for ISBN 0–19–820726–3 13579108642 Typeset by Cambrian Typesetters, Frimley, Surrey Printed in Great Britain by Bookcraft Ltd., Midsomer-Norton Nr.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyman, Arthur/ Averroes' 'De Substantia Orbis': Critical Edition Of
    MEDIEVAL ACADEMY BOOKS, NO. 96 CORPUS PHILOSOPHORUM MEDII AEVI AVERROIS HEBRAICUS CORPUS PHILOSOPHORUM MEDII AEVI ACADEMIARUM CONSOCIATARUM AUSPICIIS ET CONSILIO EDITUM OPERA AVERROIS Ediderunt HENRICUS AUSTRYN WOLFSON V't SHLOMO PINES THE MEDIEVAL ACADEMY OF AMERICA AND THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES AVERROES' DE SUBSTANTIA ORBIS Critical Edition of the Hebrew Text with English Translation and Commentary by ARTHUR HYMAN Cambridge, Massachusetts and Jerusalem 1986 ISBN 965-208-071-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-61823 Copyright ©1986 by the Medieval Academy of America Printed in Israel In 1931, the Medieval Academy of America undertook the publication of Averroes' Commentaries on Aristotle in accordance with H.A. Wolfson's "Plan for the publication of a Corpus Commentariorum Averrois in Aristotelem"', published in Speculum, VI (1931), pp. 412-427. In 1977, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities undertook to publish the Hebrew translations of the works of Averroes. The present volume is a joint publication of both academies. It is the last to be published in the framework of the Medieval Academy series of Corpus Commentariorum Averrois in Aristoielem. S. Pines CONTENTS Preface 7 Introduction 13 CONCERNING THE SUBSTANCE OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERE BY AVERROES Chapter One 39 Chapter Two 74 Chapter Three 99 Chapter Four 112 Chapter Five 120 Chapter Six 123 Bibliography 139 Index of References 144 Index of Names and Subjects 148 Hebrew Section see p. 7 PREFACE Averroes is primarily known for his many commentaries on Aristotle's works and for his Tahdfut al-Tahafut, "The Incoherence of the Incoherence." He was also the author of a number of independent treatises dealing with a variety of philosophical and theological topics.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction 1 Ṭodros Ṭodrosi and the Hebrew Translation Movement Little is known of Ṭodros Ṭodrosi’s biography beyond a few basic facts. From a comment made in his translation of extracts from commentaries on Aristotle’s Physics that he completed at the age of twenty,1 it is known that Ṭodrosi—or, as he called himself, “Ṭodros Ṭodrosi of the seed of the Jews” (Ṭodros Ṭodrosi mi-zeraʿ ha-yehudim)2—was born in 1313 in Arles, Provence.3 It is also known that he was active around 1330–1340 in Trinquetaille, a suburb of Arles that was home to many Jewish scholars during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It was there that he translated Averroes’s commentaries on Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Poetics.4 With regard to family members or contemporaries, a few other facts can be stated with varying degrees of certainty. Ṭodrosi was apparently related to Qalonymus ben David Ṭodros, an Arabic-to-Hebrew translator of the first half of the fourteenth century who translated Averroes’s Tahāfut al-Tahāfut (Incoherence of the Incoherence). In addition, a remark in one of Ṭodrosi’s trans- lations suggests that he may have been in contact with Judah ben Solomon Nathan, a fourteenth-century Provençal Jewish physician and scholar who was among the Hebrew translators of al-Ghazālī’s Maqāṣid al-Falāsifa (Intentions of the Philosophers), a concise account of Aristotelian science and philosophy, as explicated by al-Fārābī and mainly Avicenna: 1 See the second entry in the list of Ṭodrosi’s works, below. 2 It is not clear why Ṭodrosi added the words “mi-zeraʿ ha-yehudim” to his name in many of his translations; one theory is that he feared confusion with a relative of the same name who had embraced Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Depths: Healthcare Professionals in the Trenches
    From the Depths: Healthcare Professionals in the Trenches Workshop at “When the Healer Needs Healing: Illness and the Bikur Cholim Response 27th Annual Conference on Visiting the Sick The Rabbi Isaac N. Trainin Bikur Cholim Coordinating Council of JBFCS November 9, 2014/16 Heshvan 5775 At UJA-Federation of New York ******* Some Materials for Our Exploration Selected and organized by Rabbi Simkha Y. Weintraub, LCSW Rabbinic Director, Jewish Board of Family and Children’s Services Contents: pp. 3-7: Anger pp. 8-9: Dealing with Difficult People pp. 10-12 Truth-Telling p. 13 Helping People Ask for Help p. 14 The Physician and the Patient 1 The St.Vincents “Jewish Healing Torah Study Group for Doctors” Out of a very well-received conference on “Religion, Spirituality, & Medicine” at St. Vincents Hospital and Medical Center in New York in June 1998, a monthly Jewish Healing Torah Study Group for Doctors began in November 1998, initially involving 12-15 doctors in an hour-long exploration over lunch. The group grew to attract 18-20 health care professionals, roughly half doctors and the remainder nurses, chaplains, and/or administrators. For each meeting, Rabbi Simkha Y.Weintraub, LCSW, Rabbinic Director of the New York Jewish Healing Center, brought Jewish texts from across the centuries that touch on issues identified by the participants, using these texts as triggers for discussing very real, contemporary challenges in health care provision. Following each session, participants suggest themes or foci for upcoming meetings. Noted below are
    [Show full text]
  • From Denunciation to Appreciation: Gersonides in the Eyes of Members of the Ibn Shem Ṭov Family
    chapter 4 From Denunciation to Appreciation: Gersonides in the Eyes of Members of the Ibn Shem Ṭov Family Doron Forte Alongside Isaac Albalag and Moses ben Joshua of Narbonne (Narboni), Ger- sonides has been one of the most controversial of the medieval Jewish Aris- totelians. Although his biblical commentaries and other (mostly lost) writings pertaining to the Oral Law have to some extent improved his standing,1 his untraditional views were strongly criticized.2The present article examines how Gersonides was perceived by the four well-known members of the Ibn Shem Ṭov family, all of whom served as heads of yeshivas in fifteenth-century Spain.3 An examination of their writings makes it clear that their attitude towards him 1 See Isaac ben Sheshet Perfet, Sheʾelot u-teshuvot 1:45; ed. D. Metzger (Jerusalem, 1993), 51. The author refers to Gersonides as “ḥaḵam gadol ba-talmud” (a great talmudic scholar), who wrote a fine commentary on theTorah and the Prophets. On his halakhic responsa see Pinchas Roth, “The Responsa of Gersonides and their Reception,” in the present volume (I thank Dr. Roth for showing me a prepublication draft of his article). According to Isaac de Lattes, who praised Gersonides, he composed commentaries on “all” the Written and Oral Torah. See Shaʿarei ṣiyyon, ed. S. Buber (Yaroslav, 1885), 48. Solomon ben Simeon Duran, a relative of Gersonides, attributed to him a commentary on the aggadic portions of tractate Bava Batra. See Milḥemet miṣvah, ed. Yeruḥam Fishel (Leipzig, 1856), 23. Gersonides himself mentions a commentary he wrote on tractate Beraḵot (see his commentary on Deut.
    [Show full text]
  • SPOTLIGHT 073 Wordtrade Reviews: Hiding Time
    Wordtrade.com| 1202 Raleigh Road 115| Chapel Hill NC 27517| USA SPOTLIGHT ph 9195425719| fx 9198691643| www.wordtrade.com 073 Wordtrade Reviews: Hiding Time Table of Contents HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT: THE INVENTION OF DONALD TRUMP AND THE EROSION OF AMERICA by Sarah Kendzior [Flatiron Books, 9781250210715] THE END OF OCTOBER: A NOVEL by Lawrence Wright [Knopf, 9780525658658] BREAKING THROUGH SCHIZOPHRENIA: LACAN AND HEGEL FOR TALK THERAPY by Wilfried Ver Eecke [New Imago, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 9781538118009] KRISHNAMURTI IN AMERICA: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE MAN AND HIS MESSAGE by David Edmund Moody [David E Moody, 9781734227819] C. G. JUNG AND THE DEAD: VISIONS, ACTIVE IMAGINATION AND THE UNCONSCIOUS TERRAIN by Stephani L. Stephens [Routledge, 9780815366126] THE REALITY GAME: HOW THE NEXT WAVE OF TECHNOLOGY WILL BREAK THE TRUTH by Samuel Woolley [PublicAffairs, 9781541768253] THE COST OF LOYALTY: DISHONESTY, HUBRIS, AND FAILURE IN THE US. MILITARY by Tim Bakken [Bloomsbury Publishing, 9781632868985] THE RULE OF FIVE: MAKING CLIMATE HISTORY AT THE SUPREME COURT by Richard J. Lazarus [Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press, 9780674238121] THE POWER WORSHIPPERS: INSIDE THE DANGEROUS RISE OF RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM by Katherine Stewart [Bloomsbury Publishing, 9781635573435] BROKEN FAITH: INSIDE THE WORD OF FAITH FELLOWSHIP, ONE OF AMERICA'S MOST DANGEROUS CULTS by Mitch Weiss and Holbrook Mohr [Hanover Square Press, 9781335145239] DANIEL JOHNSTON: A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A POTTER IN NORTH CAROLINA by Henry Glassie, Photography and Drawings by the Author [Indiana University Press, 9780253048431] RECOLLECTIONS OF MY NONEXISTENCE: A MEMOIR by Rebecca Solnit [Viking, 9780593083338] SURREALISM, OCCULTISM AND POLITICS IN SEARCH OF THE MARVELLOUS edited by Tessei M.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Jews, Vol. VI (Of 6) - Containing a Memoir of the Author by Dr
    History of the Jews, Vol. VI (of 6) - Containing a Memoir of the Author by Dr. Philip Bloch, a Chronological Table of Jewish History, an Index to the Whole Work By Graetz, Heinrich English A Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book This book is indexed by ISYS Web Indexing system to allow the reader find any word or number within the document. 6)*** generously made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See https://archive.org/details/historyofjews06graeuoft Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (italics). Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=). Small-capital text is shown as all-capital. Transcriber-provided Hebrew transliterations are enclosed by curly braces next to the Hebrew text .({Hebrew: Beyt Shmuel Acharon} בית שמואל אחרון :example) Some devices might lack the necessary character sets, in which case question marks, squares, or other symbols will be displayed. In this case the reader should refer to the html version referred to above or to the original page images at Internet Archive. Other transcriber's notes will be found at the end of this eBook, following the Footnotes. HISTORY OF THE JEWS by HEINRICH GRAETZ VOL. VI CONTAINING A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR BY DR. PHILIP BLOCH A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF JEWISH HISTORY AN INDEX TO THE WHOLE WORK [Illustration] Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 5717-1956 Copyright, 1898, by The Jewish Publication Society of America All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher: except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper.
    [Show full text]