4- International Trotskyism 1929—1 985
A DOCUMENTED
A N A L Y S I S 0 F
T H E M 0 V E M E N T
Robert J. Alexander
DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Durham and London 1991
OCCIDENTALcoIJ.EGE 600CAMP1JS L LOS iO4ij 1 9ANGELES ii 90041 To Francis Johns
© 1991 Duke University Press All rights reserved. Set in Trump Medieval Published in the United States of America on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Alexander, Robert Jackson, 1918—
International Trotskyism, 1929—1985 : a docu mented analysis of the movement / by Robert J. Alexander. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8223-0975-0 (cloth). ISBN O-8223-1066-X (pbk.) 1. Trotsky, Leon, 1879—1940— Influence. 2. Communism—History. 3. Communism—International cooperation— History. I. Title. Hx313.8.T76A7 1991 335.43’3—dc2o 90-386,7 CII’ ares to close organization rooted in the working class had recently established one in New York comes before participation in any petty- City. Internationally it was associated with •It also had the Ouvrière party in France.’ vae, “Black bourgeois 126movement.” Lutte Class Struggle indicated the Spark group’s 3 anization of ’ for the Polish Solidarity movement. o had short support company to The October 1981 issue had an article on The Turner Group ots, the fact “Poland: What Lies Ahead for the Working employed as Class?” commenting on the first (and only) The principal element in the opposition of It commented that within the Spartacist League in the factional w Personnel congress Solidarity. . . 1968 was led by Harry ed, the corn- “the very existence of the Congress. dem struggle of Turner. si. end of year. rice notice of onstrated the democratic rights which the They left the at the that Upon themselves leaving Spartacist League the Turner te, and about Polish workers had taken for in the rica Finally, this period. That the workers have sustained group explored the possibility of joining to of the other rest of seven their organization so long and continued forces with one or another at the Tren extend their demands without falling back groups claiming loyalty to Trotskyism. ysler Corpo is 127remarkable.” They first negotiated with the Workers Subsequent to the suppression of Solidar League but were unable to reach agreement of or workers of ity, Class Struggle carried an article on that on a number political points. They then “in its June event, which concluded that “As long as joined fpgeswth the sDs- bor Con article on the the enemies of the working class hold the headed by Lyn - Marcus yndonLa dent in which power, that is, as long as they control the Rouche), which was then an open organiza ad celebrated state apparatus and the army, the working several different class has no way to guarantee it can retain Trotskyist tendencies. However, after a g into a black . is, followed the Spartacist ople. It argued what it won by its struggles.. That the short eriod they working class must fight for the one thing, League and Workers League in withdrawing e is a choice.” dealt with the for power, which is the guarantee that it can from the Marcus group. Shortly thereafter has established the Vanguard Newsletter w workers of keep all the other things it 28won.” they 132 roblems, the The position of the Spark Group on the vNL). issue of the In an early issue of the Vanguard Newslet and a cartoon (for Trotskyists) all-important viewed by the nature of the Soviet Union was markedly ter the group synthesized its political posi said “we in ard and being different from that of virtually all other U.S. tion. This statement that Van many degrees Trotskyist groups but similar to that of its guard Newsletter call for the building of an of ‘our killer in French counterpart. They held that, since American section the international Le the Soviet Union was the only country ninist and Trotskyist working class van a program to the aper and news which had had a genuine workers revolution guard party on unite ra class in struggle ;an in 1980 to in which the workers had seized control, it cially divided working iagazine, Class was the only case which could be labelled a against all forms of special oppression, in its otskyist Quar degenerated workers 29state.’ As for the own immediate and fundamental interests ides reflecting other Communist Party-controlled regimes, and for the socialist revolution.” The state defined the situation ment continued: “We call for the organiza nein the second an editorial in Spark iovement corn by saying, “The workers were not involved tion of rank and file or left-wing caucuses y revolutionaP in establishing these states, and these states in the trade unions with this perspective nuclear move do not represent the working class. Roma incorporated into a comprehensive program the rest of East Europe, is simply of transitional demands. We believe that a [y. They should nia, like when such par a bourgeois state, with a poorly developed network of such caucuses can develop into ,,130 a leadership uf the organized working class, rrom their basic economy. By Spark Group had local can become at a revolutionary moment, ss. But we must mid-1982 the and Baltimore and workers’ councils, ‘Soviets’, organs of ‘dual a revolutionary units in Detroit, Chicago,
United States: WWP, Spartacist League, and Offshoots 931 tion. When the United States group ex its basic loyalty to Trotskyism: the Proletar violence a pressed sympathy for the Spanish affiliate of ian Tasks Tendency. Its orientation was in to-day use’ FOR, which was purged by Munis and the dicated by an editorial in the second issue its own or intemational group, Munis responded in of its periodical, Workers Review, which, date or de 1981 by expelling FOCUS from the interna after stating that “we are committed to the Finally, tional organization. FOCUS thereupon an Transitional Program, the reconstruction of unique fea nounced that “we will carry forward the the world Trotskyist movement on a princi grandeur.’ banner of the FOR with or without the ‘offi pled basis,” observed “We also believe that the charac . cial’ approval of Munis. . . a major political problem within those orga cal groups Elsewhere in this volume we trace the nizations that call themselves Trotskyist or organizati( evolution of the thinking of G. Munis and Communist is the tendency towards cen and mold in particular his denunciation of the trade tralism and away from democracy. “ ety—as e: union movement as a brake on working We have little further information about the Fourth Int cla6s revolution. After their break with him origins of this group, although it apparently of the W the FOCUS group expressed their unhappi was based in the San Francisco area. Rouche ar ness with Munis’s failure to suggest an alter already bei native to the majority trade union move tics whicl The Strange Case of the National ments as a field in which revolutionaries within a v Caucus of Labor Committees could operate. In October 1983 they pub influence lished an extensive analysis of this issue, Certainly the most peculiar offshoot of ernments concluding that “in the absence of a contin Trotskysmin the United StEechs been America, uous forward dynamic within the class, the so-called National Caucus of Labor Indeed, Such as will make the resolution of all these Committees (NCLC). Originating in the mid Committe matters an immediate issue, we now pro to late 196os as a dissident Trotskyist group, pression 0 pose that revolutionary-minded workers en it had by the end of the next decade become which had ter and seek to build the small anarcyosyndi an extreme right-wing organization. kyism. Ev calist organizations, the CNT and iww. Through all phases of its ideological and received— These at least offer a history of opposition political evolution the National Caucus of ence and to the union bureaucracies. To the extent Labor Committees minutely followed the sisted on. that these organizations have maintained changes in ideas, fantasies, and even delu the tradition of such opposition, they should sions of its founder and leader Lyndon La be studied, supported and 62defended.” Rouche, who until the mid-197os called Byr 984 Stephen Schwartz had dropped out himself Lyn Marcus (aname presumably de Lyndon U ofthe leadership ofthe FOCUS group. Its publi rived from Lenin and Marx). His writing ily of Qua cation, The Alarm was transferred to Port made up a large part of the organization’s in 1922. E land, Oregon, “because the FOCUS group here publications, particularly its “theoretical” conscienti is largest and can put more effort into the presentations. The NCLC. also followed La his mind magazine than the BayArea folks.” The first Rouche in one of the things which differen service in issue published in Portland noted that “most tiated it from virtually the whole radical He joined of our members remain active in the iww, a movement—its peculiar preoccupation in 1948 0 controversial move made at the beginning of with sex and excrement resulting in a wide 1966.65 Al 1984. For the most part our membership has spread use of scatological language, border figure in been received positively by other wobblies, a ing on the obscene, both in its leaders’ and opposed ti number welcoming us heartily because of members’ public speaking and in the group’s become tl our revolutionary positions.” written material. With th 6 LaRouche also set the pattern in establish after the Proletarian Tasks Tendency The ing another characteristic of the NCLC, j his follov In the early r98os there was still another frequent emphasis onyiolence. This empha joined its small group established which proclaimed sis was not confined to a theoretical use of cist publii
944 United States: Other Groups e Proletar violence as a “road to power,” but the day- that “Marcus and Wohlforth, during their ion was in to-day use of it to maintain discipline within collaboration . . . claimed they were in the cond issue its own organization and to seek to intimi Iskra period, by which they meant they 3w, which, date or destroy its political opponents. should act as brain-trusters for the rest of itted to the Finally, LaRouche led the cc in a third the left. This concept is a consistent pillar ;truction of unique feature of the group, its delusions of of Marcusism, the contention that his claim on a princi grandeur. These delusions went far beyond to leadership rests on his being smarter than )elieve that the characteristic belief of virtually all radi everybody else.” those orga cal groups that their ideas and probably their After a few months, LaRouche-Marcus otskyist or organizations will ultimately win power withdrew from the wi. and joined the Sparta wards cen and mold national and international soci cist League. He was reported to have broken ‘acy. 64 ety—as expressed, for instance, in the with the Spartacists “over unanimous oppo n about the Fourth International’s claim to be “the Party sition to his position that the trouble with apparently of the World Socialist Revolution.” La the Castroites was that Castro didn’t know area. Rouche and cc pictured themselves as enough Marxian economics to maneuver in already being a major factor in national poli the world 67market.” Subsequently, Lyndon tics which would be able to seize power LaRouche gave a somewhat different ver itional within a very few years and as having great sion of his activities right after leaving tees the influence within political parties and gov swp, writing that he “went through the pro )ffshOOt of ernments of Europe, the Middle East, Latin cess of attempting to salvage some remnants u has been America, and the Far East. from the 66swp.” After leaving the Spartacist of Labor Indeed, the National Caucus of Labor League LaRouche organized his own group, in the mid Committees was more completely the ex known then as the sos Labor Committee, cyist group, pression of one man than any other group constituting a faction within the Students ide become which had its origins in International Trots for a Democratic Society. The group played ion. kyism. Even Trotsky never demanded—and a role in the leadership of the student upris ‘logical and received—the degree of absolute subservi ing at Columbia University in 1968.69 How Caucus of ence and conformity which LaRouche in ever, the LaRouche group did not stay long ‘llowed the sisted on. within sDs. They were said to have broken even delu with it over their position in support of the Lyndon La New York City teachers’ strike in I969.° Origins of the NCLC )705 called The SDS generally opposed that strike and umably de Lyndon LaRouche, Jr., was born into a fam supported the “community control” pro -us writing ily of Quaker dissidents in New Hampahire gram of those who opposed the walkout. ;anization’s in 1922. During World War II he was first a Once outside of the 5DS the LaRouchites heoretical” conscientious objector, but then changed formally established the National Caucus of )llowed La his mind and saw noncombatant military Labor Committees. ch differen service in the China-Burma-India theater. tole radical He joined the Socialist Workers Party either The Statement of Founding Principles occupation in ‘948 or r949 and remained in it until g in a wide 1966.65 Although he never became a major What was for half a decade or more to be the age, border figure in the swp, as a secondary leader he basic political document of the NcLc, its eaders’ and opposed the expulsion of those who were to Statement of Founding Principles, was offi the group’s become the Spartacist 66League. cially accepted at a national conference in With the formation of the Workers League January 1971. It contained the peculiar n establish after the expulsion of Tim Wohlforth and mishmash of philosophical ideas, economic e NCLC, its his followers from the swp, Lyn Marcus notions, and political prescriptions which ‘his empha joined its ranks for a few months. A Sparta was then characteristic of the Marcus-La tical use of cist publication commented on this period Rouche group. It also underscored the highly
United States: Other Groups 945 elitist approach to politics and essentially tioning Lyndon LaRouche by name pro mations. disparaging attitude toward the working claimed his right to determine the NCLC nounced : class characteristic of the NCLC. ideas and activities. It said that “while the on the Ea: The statement consisted of twenty-five cadre organization must submit to the class in two rm numbered points. The first five dealt with interests of the potential political (working) These philosophical questions and contained the class for itself, that means and demands in “Operatic kind of idiosyncratic language which was sulating the vanguard organization from King has becoming typical of LaRouche and his fol corrupting intrusions of reactionary (bour cording t lowers. For instance, point 3 said that “all geois) ideology dominant among working ciently 01 the conceptions of human conscious people generally, oppressed minorities, and individua thought, formal, logical reasoning included, radical students, etc., in a capitalist society. surprise are produced by a noetic, concept-creating Realization of socialist conceptions means squads o process which determines the ‘axioms’ that alien political ideas have ipso facto no town—sc of formal reasoning, but which axioms or voting rights over the formulation of policy nized—at formal reasoning is inherently incapable of within the vanguard organization. It means lice couli providing or explaining. That the real foun that the less-developed consciousness of so bers rem dations of human knowledge in this noetic cialist principles must be subordinated to ten again process of mind can be uncovered only by a the most advanced consciousness within the cr’ n dialectical examination of the process by the organization.” some eld which whole systems of formal logic are This d exposed as fallacious and totally new world- 7 sources. “Hegemony on the Left” conceptions produced. .. ’ April le Some points have a more or less familiar During its early years the NcLc put great amount Marxist ring. However, others set forth emphasis on obtaining “hegemony” in left- Temple clearly the group’s highly elitist ideas. Point wing U.S. politics. As early as 1970 it Wednesc ii says that “the central problem of human claimed that it was well on the way to this. tween A ity today is therefore the fact that the work The NCLC magazine Campaigner wrote that at least ing class (as an economic class) is not capa “the Labor Committees already know a member ble of spontaneously becoming a political thing or two about the process of struggle 76swp. class for itself. . .“ Point 12 goes on to say for left hegemony. Our organization has Some that “therefore, the political existence of the been developed under simultaneous assault Operath working class depends upon the interven by both the anarchist ‘crazies’ and Progres pressed tion of an ‘outside agency,’ whose function sive Labor Party, and has not only survived agely at it is to bring the political (working) class for but grown. ... We did not defeat PH’ by becomii itself into being. The ‘outside agency’ can accident. Excepting the Black Panther Party, in an ml only be a social formation which has already which is obviously a very special case, the that “I 2 attained an advanced approximation of the National Caucus of Labor Committees has What I working class consciousness which the emerged to present third ‘position’ in the fact of working class itself lacks. Only a handful struggle for left-hegemony in the U.S. away fn of the capitalist intelligentsia is capable of movement.” tenors
. . 72 I fulfilling this decisive role. In the spring of 1973 Lyndon LaRouche life.’ Point 13 elaborated further on this “revo decided to “destroy” the Communist Party. your fri lutionary intelligentsia,” which is “the em In an editorial in New Solidarity in April, for yoc bryonic representation of a new human spe entitled “Death of the cPusA,” he said that could r cies, a Promethean species which seeks to “readers will obtain a taste of our ruthless reproduce its own kind from the ranks of ness in the way we proceed to finish off the the working class. . Communist Party.” He said that the NcLc Point 17 reached the logical conclusion of would “conduct the most ruthless mopping- After ( the previous positions, and without men- up operation against each of its ragged for- hisfoll
946 United States: Other Groups ,‘ agged LaRouche Littees :her ‘Us ly” ;ness ons )rities, mands to ‘ist )fl’ V )f Wrote 1. iO ist Ltiofl :ation ISs dinated 5 n mopping 1 name
d lary “while g at ay sh
the
the
ruthless
put said in
case,
(working) the
survived
It
of
Progres
know
struggle the
working facto
1970
society.
assault
off to
i’Ll’
in
in
within
Party. April,
means
means Party,
policy
NCLC
(bour
of
great
U.S. that NCLC
this. from
for- class
left that
the
has
the the has
pro-
and
by so
the
in no
to
it
a
mations. nounced
in on
King cording “Operation
ciently individuals surprise nized—and squads town—so lice bers
ten the some
sources. April amount Temple Wednesday.
at members tween
Operation swi’.76 pressed
agely becoming In What
fact that away life.’ your terrors for
could
his After
These
This two
Some
the
an
least
against
ci’ could
followers’
you remember
of
“I
has
frightened
internal
I
elderly
from
I
attacked
months.”73 East
April Operation i6,
never your
shall
am
organized.
member
shall description often
to
of
that
their attacks
sixty An
of
NCLC
such
University
and .
described
of their
characteristic investigate.
politics
one,’
going participants, “Deprogramming”
Mop-Up” 1973,
or would you
Coast. .“
Mop-Up, sexual CP-YWLL
and
do “the
. “Extra” the
do
offer guy.’ .
small bulletin
were
unhappiness.
attention
assaults Other
A terrors overwhelmed.
members
it
all
this
said faces is them
personal
September
we’d to Communist
on
Mop-Up,
ci’
all
said
few
leave
to
you.”77 hope
In
to ...
impotence.. “
It
make
is
groups
what one cannot
by
brought
the expose
with
by of
Paranoia
was blood the
in
would most
in
of
We’ll as pound
and
Former confirmed
days
that
showing
by
town
that
in New
NcLC LaRouche.
Mop-Up in
the
sexual
ci’
you a
Philadelphia
safety
the
were
reported
shame. another happened:
the LaRouche
NCLC
way
were
hold
1973
cases, to
appaiently
you group, was
LaRouche mop
were
later,
“a
not
before organizers..
Party Solidarity defector, from
outside on
and
organization. you
NCLC The
life shocked
of
which
to can significant a
there caught .
people
would spilled
be
was
I
them
meeting
‘We’d by
direction,
labelled
isolated
‘personal the he will
Dennis you he that contains
and
the out
flee
recog
flying
mem
turned
wrote NCLC
“Ac
world
were
effi cruel
‘and
an
take
sav
was last po
that
up
the be
by
ex
the on be
be
on of
by
at
bringing and acteristic
denly
centering rious ming” to been am. submitted ming,” This
he ming” filers
out gramming” exposed,
for ality
cally cases ing
ming”
psy-war psychological that scale playing nization,
vant, added
KGB.”79
ued soon
cution “deprogramming” own has continued. in
accounts to a doubt
LaRouche,
LaRouche penetrate
Although was
small
the
propaganda
keep
October
LaRouche brainwashed
successful
the
to case
conducted
was
“we
accused is
dropped, of developed
of
an .
psychological
its
of
was
CIA the that .
which
be
Mr
of
turned into
psychological
four NCLC’S .
the
game
assassination
said various
members
group
attention
known leaders the
was
of
are
LaRouche an
him
the
only
or
of
part
LaRouche
to
“there
The play
NCLC.
the the
the continents, 1979
article in
LEAA, United case
now
that claimed the
followed
former
warfare designed the summoned
which both
“deprogramming.”
Labor
to
representative
inside which
of
one
and explaining
grueling
publicity the
other NCLC
and another
New its NCLC, to
Labor
a a
of
“the
NCLC that
in
was,
in
LaRouche
the and
world-wide
the
process
who
have
of
of
States: grilled
members.
and idea
Chris
methods
members.
NCLC
the
line. Committee.
members, was
out plot
warfare are game faith,
leaders
victim
York
paranoia
that and NCLC
victim’s
“the by resources
by Committees
paranoia.
widely
but
knew
in
of
encounter
strain
been
that
second
about
summoned White . the
against the the to
Other
White,
According
people
the
which
about
was
.. of
and
conducted
the
that’s
party’s Times
become
members
in
characteristi claimed
and
in
with CIA, “deprogram kind the
“deprogram how brainwashed
to
NCLC
plot. .
of
Most
publicized.
about
sense
LaRouche’s Great .
LaRouche’s
“program
Groups
home
phase
the those “program
on .
agitation
combat their
who me the had
rank
He
CIA
that
not .
of to
reported an
sessions
He
founder .
of
contin trying
dozen
noto
char
by .“
perse CIA
of carry
before “pro
to
Brit
been sud
orga was
hav
that
had
and rele
on
and said fears
is,
of
who
was
the re
He
the
947
is
a a it a and guilt until they break down. Husbands largely goveming the explicit activities of part of t or wives are asked about their partners’ sex govemments.” did not 83As one was More ual practices.” who upon occasion ap The8 paranoia continued. For instance, in proached and provided with NCLC “intelli posal f July°1977, New Solidarity carried an article gence” about Latin American countries, the world headlined “Carter Caught Redhanded in author can testify that these “inside stories” this by Cointelpro vs. UsLP,” that is, an espionage were more often than not flights of fancy transfes plot against the U.S. Labor Party, then the rather than inside information. rency, i public face of the 81NCLC. In October 1978 from W the same newspaper had an article headlined transfei “Zionists’ Assassination Threat on La The LaRouche-NCLC rope. A Rouche is Put on Front 82Bumer.” Economic-Social Program able ri; countri In the mid-19 7os Lyndon LaRouche Europe The “Intelligence NetworkS’ and the NCLC put forward a global economic and so and ra; In September 1971 the NCLC first established cial program which they never entirely World its “intelligence network.” This was a abandoned. It consisted principally of their transfe: unique organization in which members of proposal for an Intemational Development Third the group channeled information to the Bank, the establishment of a “transfer ru which NcLC headquarters from all over the United ble” as a new world currency, and fusion con sec States, and subsequent1y from Europe and power as a solution to all the world’s energy This Latin America. The national organization problems. ent fro: then distributed this information through a They published their world economic pro dollar” series of publications, and through gram as a pamphlet, 1DB: How the Interna since “briefings.” It is not entirely clear just who tional Development Bank Will Work, and it, as a attended these “briefings,” although there elaborated on it endlessly in their press. An fact tF was mention in the NCLC press of daily article by Criton Zoakes, “NCLC Director “trans meetings of the group’s National Commit of Intelligence,’ proclaimed that “there is tion tI tee at which members were told of informa absolutely not one single solitary altemate leaden tion the Intelligence Network had acquired. road for putting the world economy together ity of a Early in 5975 in a document entitled A again except the way we’ve 84described.” nation Fact Sheet: What Are the Labor Commit The NCLC explained their proposed Inter The tees?, the NCLC claimed that “Labor Com national Development Bank as bringing to progra mittee Intelligence has always functioned gether the tremendous productive possibili phasis in the way the research departments of a ties of the industrial countries and the great phasis major news service should function. development needs of the poor nations: a kinc This fact-gathering capability is supple “Formally, the 5DB comes into existence in a is exc mented with currently increasing impor manner analogous to the effective financial whici tance, by information contributed from reorganization of any major bank being res stage. workers and others associated with the day- cued from illiquidity collapse. A new bank Fount to-day activities of the Labor Committees is created to continue the essential opera partic and Labor Party.” tions of the old, while major categories of atteni The NCLC claimed special competence for unpayable carried-forward indebtedness are memi its news gathering. The same document said placed in a moratorium ‘deep freeze’ and ters ‘A that “in the process of cumulative research negotiations for future liquidation of that portix into current political developments and re debt are conducted separately from day-to lated strategic matters, our intelligence day operations of the new institution.” aggregated 85 work has special competence in The idea of a debt moratorium for the By tl respect to the behind-the-scenes processes developing countries became a permanent there
948 United States: Other Groups ,ermanent Ltion.”85 )n edness ial tence I r 22 le C rn :egories ,Vork, lomic •ansfer ly lic utries, asion )sed relopment ie tivities
y d’s e new nd
rn inging being
eeze’
press.
possibili
alternate
“there financial
the
Director
of
together Interna nations:
“intelli
stories” entirely
of and
for and
of
day-to
energy
fusion
opera
Inter fancy
great
bank their
that pro
and res and in
the
the
the ap
An
are ru so
to
of
of
is
a
part
did
posal world
rency, this transferable from
transferable rope. able
countries Europe and World
which Third transferable con
dollar” ent since it, fact
“transferable,” tion national leadership ity
program phasis phasized
a is which
particular stage.
Foundation members attention
porting ters By
therefore,
More
This
The
as kind
not
exceedingly
of of
from
by
raw
sector.”86
the
Western
At that
ruble
who a
that
for
World
allowing
the
it
currency.
practical to
for
World saying still
continue The description
third
idiosyncratic on
The
has
the
is of
will
materials
mid-197os
atomic
the
pay
of a
currency.
the
“program”
distributed the to
the
at
atomic
which
the
has nuclear
panacea, only
continues
“transferable
the LaRouche
ruble NCLC indebtedness
ruble functioned
same NCLC
War
with
way
airports rubles.
element the create their
possibilities
Europe
that
pre-Gorbachev
Soviet
countries
free
NCLC
ever
and
productive NcLc—had
proposition,
energy.
to
II.
Criton in
in
Comecon.
standard
organized
the
surplus time
power. it
obligations
is
“when imports
purchase
The
emphasize there
Conspiracy
energy
which
with
considered
Lyndon
the
and
pays Thus not and received of
into purpose was
and
to
ruble
in
and
it
the as
major
require
Zoakes so
other much early the has
creates
this
ruble” It
sold
the
of into
Eastern
LaRouche’s we of the a
with
the as
and which NCLC, it markedly
developed
from
particularly
has
a
world
“fusion of
and
Now LaRouche—and been
socioeconomic
a
of Third
establish Fusion flow problem
NcLC
came provides Soviet literature to
“transferable means Western
transport course,
the
reserve
development
of the
commodity
Mania “clean,”
pushing
its
never
sale
the a
as
described
the
but,
no
the Europe
transfer in
currency Western
1DB.
of
possibil
was
surplus
power,”
a from
Come-
of
indica World
Union differ Energy Third
theory
trade
public
they
is
an new
with pro
cur with been
their
Eu the
the
em
em cen
sup the
this
but
ex
a
its
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industrial a
in captivity) 1982): into umn.
lon’—supposedly manity,
antihuman
ters King centuries
oligarchy the as the
racy. to
tool.
the which that lead
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in went Kissinger,
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Eastbloc.”89 feller
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conspiratorial
Dennis
ancient
For
its
supplement
Europe Later,
leadership
to Churchill last
a
of
worldwide ,,88 it
adds and article Nelson
LaRouche
It
was cover,
This Solidarity.
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denounced
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on
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conspiracy
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outrage forty-eight
number
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LaRouche opportunity King Babylon
over
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to or claimed
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Europe
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world, ‘cult’
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apart
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as
capitalism,
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dominance.”87 theory The
noting
developed
Jimmy
Nelson
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history.
populations NCLC
its
1978, ‘oligarchy’—
of
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a nod was one of Bruce Todd, the NCLC-U.S. Company had interesting results. Lyndon “the prese Labor Party candidate for Congress in the LaRouche lodged a suit for $io million in the Presid 15th District of New Jersey, who was quoted Federal District Court in Alexandria, Vir act being c in October 1976 as saying that “if Jimmy ginia, on the claim that NBC had “defamed” vision net Carter is elected, the United States will be in him. LaRouche lost that suit, but NBC was .“ This a thermonuclear war with the Soviet Union awarded $3 million in a countersuit which promised I within six to seven months after his inaugu “charged that people in the .tonot “° organization of ration. Mr. LaRouche interfered with NBC’S news- in the mt Of course, this, like most of the La gathering while the network was preparing tional uni Rouche-NcLc confident predictions of fu reports on 93him.” his willin ture disasters, did not come to pass. These date for I failures were usually explained on the basis chooses fl The United States Labor Party of the NCLC having prevented then by an 96vote.” nouncing their likelihood. Typical was a For a number of years the NCLC worked Almost throwaway of the U.S. Labor Party entitled through the U.S. Labor Party as its electoral LaRouch “Kissinger Unleashes Terrorists on United vehicle. They ran numerous local candi the U.S.: States,” which commented that “You know dates, and in 1976 Lyndon LaRouche him for the p about Kissinger’s and Rockefeller’s bloody self was the party’s presidential nominee. “the U.S. schemes to start a nuclear war.. . . Kissinger They claimed to believe that he would be existence and Rockefeller tried this operation once be elected. New Solidarity said that “the United Si fore in January 1974. At that time, the U.S. ballot strategy is to conduct petition drives leadershi Labor Party’s mass inoculation against U.S. in the twenty states where the Labor Party tion. Th terror operations forced them to pull is strongest, and in ten contiguous, populous Labor Pa . back. . states where the Party has extensive pene Republic It has been frequently argued that anti- tration. . . . The twenty states where the La which, Semitism is the underlying theme of the bor Party local offices are now located com who is LaRouche-NcLc conspiracy theory devel prise about three-fourths of the U.S. I98I.” oped in the 197os. There were certainly fre population and account for fifty-four per quent references to Jewish bankers, not nec cent (289) of the Electoral College vote. The Th essarily identified explicitly as Jews, as evil additional ten target states represent an figures of the past and present. There were other fifty-six Electoral College votes, bring also many attacks on “Zionists” under cir ing the target total electoral votes to 345. In spite cumstances which might as well read • . . A total of 270 Electoral College votes Republi “Jews.” Open appeals to antipathy against is required to win the Presidency and Vice results Jews were relatively rare. Nonetheless, Presidency. Rouche there were sometimes such open anti-Se Once the election was over, LaRouche and They b mitic outbursts. For example, in an article his followers made two claims: that they lished ii dealing with supposed espionage of the Fed had gotten a larger vote than any other left- icy Con eral government against the NCLC, Costa wing candidate in U.S. history, and that Ger the Det Kalimtgis wrote in 1977 that “NBC, which ald Ford and not Jimmy Carter had won the LaRouc is owned by ‘Our Crowd’ investment houses election. Their “analysis” of the election primari (Lehman Bros, Goldman Sachs, Kuhn-Loeb results claimed that LaRouche had received in that of the Schiff-Warbourg group, and Lazard 3,500,000 votes, rather than the 18,500 matchi Freres), and whose Board of Directors were votes with which he had been officially cred Comm large contributors and backers of the Carter ited. In New York State it was claimed that the NCI campaign, were scheduling a half-hour slan LaRouche had received 384,000 votes rather before.’ der program on the U.S. Labor Party. than the official I,727. Charging “fraud” Dun This clash with the National Broadcasting in the election count, the NCLC said that LaRou
950 United States: Other Groups ive t tes, cal ‘arty IC’s ;uit tes I I )ther )Uche re .iche S lization odria, :s. s ated thor that ion -four ege ‘defamed” said esent e
million t med Vote. C ally the
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LaRouche, the for
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icy the LaRouche primaries. in matching
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LaRouche
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