acowldgementskn Acko n wledgements

The following contributors to the preparation of this Peer Reviewers and Reference Group Members: document are warmly thanked. Ms Jay Anderson – Karst consultant The information in the nomination does not necessarily Prof Andy Austin – University of Adelaide reflect the views of the experts consulted. Assoc Prof Lindsay Collins – Curtin University

Authors: Prof David Culver – American University Jane Ambrose, Jennifer Carter, Rebecca Coyle, Dr Paul Dingwall – IUCN Charlotte Craw, Kirsty Douglas, Lorraine Haslem, Dr Elery Hamilton-Smith – Charles Sturt University Rachel Sanderson, Katherine O’Callaghan, Jacinta Overman Prof Terry Hughes – James Cook University Dr Bill Humphreys – Western Australian Museum Other Contributors: Laura Breen, Danielle Beattie, Robert Bruce, Mr Graeme Kelleher – ex Great Barrier Reef Marine Jenny Carey, Donna Harkess, Pat Head, Susie Kropman, Park Authority Roland Mau, Sam McKinnon, Rachel McNab, Prof Stein Lauritzen – Bergen University Keiran McNamara, Karl Newport, Jane O’Neill, Prof John Pandolfi –U niversity of Queensland Brian Prince, Jeanette Schwartz, Katherine Selwood, Prof Bob Pressey – James Cook University Peter Sharp, Laura Sinclair, Genine Sutton, Heather Turk, Amanda Van Loon, Heather Wallace, Prof Boris Sket – University of Ljubljana Elizabeth Williams, Anthony Whalen, Rick Zentelis Mr Andy Spate – Geological Consultant Prof Peter Valentine – James Cook University Prof John ‘Charlie’ Veron – University of Queensland Prof Paul Williams – TheU niversity of Auckland Dennis Williamson – Geoscene International Dr Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll – University of Western Australia

Mapping: Carolyn Armstrong, Jim Longworth, Somsay Saysana

Graphic Design: 2B Advertising and Design

Editors: Biotext

❱❱ PrEVIOUS page Photograph Darlene Shepherd © Lochman Transparencies 2 1 0 appendices APt rotec ed SPECIES LIST C oMMON Name Scientific Name Bilateral IUCN Red List Bonn EPBC Act migratory Convention bird agreements Mrinea Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata n/a Least concern Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis n/a Least concern Risso’s Dolphin Grampus griseus n/a Least concern Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps n/a Data deficient Pygmy Killer Whale Feresa attenuata n/a Data deficient Short Finned Pilot Whale Globicephala n/a Data deficient macrorhynchus Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis n/a Endangered V ulnerable Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus n/a Endangered Appendix 1 Endangered Manta Ray Manta birostris n/a Near Threatened Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni n/a Data deficeint Black–tip Reef Shark Carcharhinus n/a Lower Risk/near melanopterus threatened Grey Reef Shark Carcharhinus n/a Lower Risk/near amblyrhynchos threatened Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus n/a Endangered V ulnerable Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta n/a Endangered Appendix 1 Endangered Green Turtle Chelonia mydas n/a Endangered Appendix 1 Vulnerable Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea n/a Critically Endangered Endangered Dugong Dugong dugon n/a Vulnerable Appendix 2 Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata n/a Critically Appendix 1 Vulnerable Endangered Olive Ridley Lepidochelys olivacea n/a V ulnerable Endangered Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae n/a Least concern Appendix 1 Vulnerable Tawny Nurse Shark Nebrius ferrugineus n/a V ulnerable Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus n/a V ulnerable Whale Shark Rhincodon typus n/a Vulnerable Appendix 2 Vulnerable Indo–Pacific Humpback Sousa chinensis n/a Near Threatened Appendix 2 Dolphin Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris n/a Data deficient Appendix 2 White–tip Reef Shark Triaenodon obesus n/a Lower Risk/near threatened Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis n/a Least Concern Endangered Flatback Turtle Natator depressus n/a Data deficient V ulnerable

❱❱ PrEVIOUS page Photograph Rob Drummond © Lochman Transparencies 2 1 2 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge

C oMMON Name Scientific Name Bilateral IUCN Red List Bonn EPBC Act migratory Convention bird agreements Birds Cape Petrel Daption capense Least concern Painted Firetail Finch Emblema pictum Pacific Gull Larus pacificus Least concern White-Faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina Least concern Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius Least concern Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis Least concern Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata Least concern Rufous–Crowned Emu– Stipiturus ruficeps Least concern Wren Peregrine Falcon falco peregrinus Least concern Gull-Billed Tern Sterna nilotica Least concern Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii Least concern Great-Winged Petrel Pterodroma macroptera Least concern Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspiciatus Least concern Australasian Gannet Morus serrator Least concern Silver Gull Larus novaehollandiae Least concern White-Winged Tern Chlidonias leucoptera JAMBA, Least concern CAMBA Y ellow-Nosed Albatross Diomedea chlororhynchus Endangered Appendix 2 Vulnerable Eastern Reef Egret Egreta sacra CAMBA Least concern Beach Stone Curlew Esacus neglectus Near Threatened Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel JAMBA, Least concern CAMBA, ROKAMBA White-Bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster CAMBA Least Concern Southern Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus Near Threatened Appendix 2 Endangered Wilson’s Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus JAMBA Least concern Osprey Pandion haliaetus Least concern Appendix 2 Flesh-Footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes JAMBA, Least concern ROKAMBA Hutton’s Shearwater Puffinus huttoni Endangered Wedge-Tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus JAMBA Least concern Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus JAMBA, Least concern CAMBA Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis CAMBA Least concern Crested Tern Sterna bergii JAMBA Least concern Caspian Tern Sterna caspia CAMBA Least concern Common Tern Sterna hirundo JAMBA, Least concern CAMBA, ROKAMBA Soft-Plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Least concern Vulnerable Fairy Tern Sterna nereis Vulnerable Brown Booby Sula leucogaster JAMBA, Least concern CAMBA, ROKAMBA

2 1 3 C oMMON Name Scientific Name Bilateral IUCN Red List Bonn EPBC Act migratory Convention bird agreements Terrestrial Sandy Inland Mouse Pseudomys n/a Least concern hermannsburgensis Short Beaked Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus n/a Least concern Black Flanked Rock Petrogale lateralis n/a Near Threatened V ulnerable Wallaby Red-Tailed Phascogale Phascogale calura n/a Near Threatened Endangered Shark Bay Mouse Pseudomys fieldi n/a V ulnerable V ulnerable Central Rock-Rat Zyzomys pedunculatus n/a Critically Endangered Endangered Stygofauna Cape Range Remipede Lasionectes exleyi n/a Vulnerable Blind Gudgeon Milyeringa veritas n/a Vulnerable

* Please note this is not an exhaustive list of all species found at the Ningaloo Coast

2 1 4 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge

sT B YGofauna of Cape Range

2 15 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R eef T O R ange occurred cality o L coastal plain bordering RangeCape veritas M. the in exclusively forms pastland the to adjacent Shelf West North is it where WA of m within 150 found coastup and the of km inland. It 4.3 to lower the inhabits foothillsthe and coastalCape of plain Rangepeninsula, freshwater the and Barrow on lens Island. M. veritas M. . is endemic to the Cape RangeCape the to endemic is is the only stygobitic species of eleotrid eleotrid of species stygobitic only the is is associated with the only other other only the associatedwith is sites 25 from recorded hasbeen Ophisternon candidum Ophisternon Milyeringa bitat a H Freshwater caves and in seawater in anchialine in seawater in and caves Freshwater systems.Salinity variesseawater between and fresh depths and locations and different at opportunistically. bodies water different uses the veritas M. Australia, in blind vertebrate the cave stygobitic eel, cave or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under Listed Western the extinct’ under become to likely is AustralianWildlifeAct.Conservation Commonwealth the under asvulnerableListed Act EPBC veritas M. insecureare or sites these of number a however, withinRangeare Cape sites Six lost. been have Park. National veritas M. range of wide a occupies and world the knownin monotypic The physico-chemicalenvironments. genus phylogenetic its but peninsulaIsland Barrow and been not have Eleotridae within the relationships established. geneticallyof distinct evidence is There coastal the the along plainof subpopulations RangeCape (blind peninsula.species fish The two known only the are eel) cave blind gudgeon, Australia. in vertebrates occur They cave stygobitic their all of possibly and much, sympatrically over occurrences few areof there ranges.Globally, fishes. cave of species sympatric ecies p veritas / S /

nus e G Milyeringa gudgeon) (blind mily a F Eleotridae

/ der mmon me r a o C O N (fish) l C ass Actinopterygii Perciformes are endemic to the area, as are all the species with the exception of some of the copepod species copepod the of some of area, the exception asallarethe with to species the endemic are

bold HORDATA h P YLUM C Genera in in Genera

2 1 6 2 1 7 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge cality o coastal plain bordering RangeCape coastal plain bordering RangeCape coastal plain bordering RangeCape L coastal plain bordering RangeCape coastal plain bordering RangeCape , H. pholeta H. . is the first cirolanidfirst the is are widespread within widespread are contains three species, one one containsthreespecies, H. pholeta H. S.stylifera Milyeringa veritas Milyeringa and is listed under Schedule 1 ‘Fauna that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under listed is Haptolana Bundera is found only at a single location, location, single a at only found is Bundera bitat a Freshwater caves and in seawater in anchialine in seawater in and caves Freshwater other only the associatedwith is systems.It Australia, in blind vertebrate the cave stygobitic gudgeon, cave or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under Listed Western the extinct’ under become to likely is AustralianWildlifeAct.Conservation Commonwealth the under asvulnerableListed Act EPBC longesvt cavefish. world’s The Caves or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under listed Is Western the extinct’ under become to likely is AustralianWildlifeAct.Conservation Anchialinecaves. in subterraneanwaters from recorded isopod of description the Australia.to Prior there was only one record of a subterranean a of record one wasonly there Hemisphere, Southern the from isopod cirolanid Madagascar. in genus The from Cuba, one from Somalia and one from from Somaliaone and from one Cuba, from Australia.that regions tropical Allfrom are species sea- the to prior sea the under been have would Miocene. the changes level of H Caves in perched groundwater at elevations elevations at groundwater perched in Caves Range.Cape in altitude 200metres approx of marinefamily a are hasthatamphipods Melitid Capehigh in those and inland waters invaded range. the upliftedwith Rangeprobably Bundera Sinkhole. Bundera S.lancifera the extinct’ under become to likely is or rare is Australian Western WildlifeAct.Conservation Anchialinecaves. S. lancifera RangeCape the coastal plain. S.sp. # #

ecies p sp. Bundera sp. lancifera stylifera

/ S /

douglasi nus e (blind cave eel) cave (blind Liagoceradocus branchialis pholeta Haptolana G Nedsia Norcapensis mandibulis Stygiocaris Stygiocaris Stygiocaris Ophisternon candidum Ophisternon ** ** mily a F Superfamily: Hadzioidea Family:Melitidae Atyidae Cirolanidae Synbranchidae Family:Hadziidae #

/ der mmon me r a o O C N (Gammarid amphipods) (shrimps) Isopoda Synbranchiformes Synbranchiformes finned fish) (ray Amphipoda: Suborder Gammaridea l C ass Malacostraca Decapoda are endemic to the area, as are all the species with the exception of some of the copepod species copepod the of some of area, the exception asallarethe with to species the endemic are

bold TACEA S U e stygofauna of Cape Range Peninsula includes the sympatric occurrence of a number of taxa with disjunct Tethyan distributions taxa of Tethyan disjunctwith number stygofaunaRangeCapesympatrica the occurrencee of of includes Peninsula HORDATA HORDATA h  C  Th P YLUM ARTHROPODA ARTHROPODA Subphylum CR C (continued)

** # Atlanticthe of marinewith troglobites ongeneric in Genera

2 1 6 2 1 7 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R eef T O R ange cality o Bundera sinkhole. Bundera known site other No Australia in that deep access gives to anchialinehabitat. L northern end of of end northern RangeCape the peninsula coastal plain bordering RangeCape ) i.e. H. tulki H. i.e. belongs to a genus previously known only knownonly previously genus a to belongs bitat a Anchialine cave. One species only ( only species Anchialine One cave. Anchialineseawater. in cave, or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under Listed Western the extinct’ under become to likely is AustralianWildlifeAct.Conservation southern the in ofgenus this occurrence first The region. Pacific Indo-west the and hemisphere anchialine the in element Tethyan Occurs asa Range.Cape marinecave in at systemFossils suggest this lineageCzech Republic was in facies Jurassic. alreadythe in marineinhabitingcaves H Anchialine ecosystem. It is the only known only Anchialine the is ecosystem. It Australia in genus asthe as well the occurrenceof it however strictly marine habitats outside first clearstygomorphies. displays within the order of Thermosbaenacea, occursThermosbaenacea, in of order within the Hemisphere. Southern the tulki H. Columbia Indies, West the in saline waters from Canaryand Islands. considerable of order rare a Thermosbaenacea are knownbecause their interest biogeographic scattered. so is distribution eyeless, of order Thermosbaenaceans an are peracarid crustaceans unpigmented represented The subterraneanwaters. from species few very by primarily only Thermosbaenacea marine, are with or conditions water fresh in recorded species 18 salinity brackishwhose not in inland does waters occur They in seawater. of dilution from derive associated medium interstitial the caves, limestone thermo-mineral in alluvialor with deposits, Thermosbaenacea the of distribution The springs. ancient the by areacovered the precisely matches coastlines. probably its They are or Sea Tethys marine shallow-water widespread once a of relicts crevicular or interstitial strandedfauna in Tethyan marine duringregressions. groundwater # ecies p #

/ S /

nus e G Halosbaena tulki tulki Halosbaena Phyllopodopsyllus wellsi Phyllopodopsyllus Danielopolina Danielopolina kornickeri mily a F Halosbaenidae Tetragonicipitidae **

/ der mmon me r a o O C N Harpacticoida (copepods) Thermosbaenacea Halocyprida Thaumatocyprididae l C ass Copepoda: (copepods) zooplankton] [a Ostracoda: (ostracods) are endemic to the area, as are all the species with the exception of some of the copepod species copepod the of some of area, the exception asallarethe with to species the endemic are

bold TACEA TACEA S U e stygofauna of Cape Range Peninsula includes the sympatric occurrence of a number of taxa with disjunct Tethyan distributions taxa of Tethyan disjunctwith number stygofaunaRangeCapesympatrica the occurrencee of of includes Peninsula RTHROPODA RTHROPODA h  C  Th P YLUM A Subphylum CR (continued)

** # Atlanticthe of marinewith troglobites ongeneric in Genera

2 1 8 2 1 9 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge cality o Bundera Sinkhole Bundera coastalplain Cape bordering Range longifurcatus H. from knownonly Sinkhole. Bundera L est w ‑ in seems in the deeper deeper the in S. balearica has five species hasfive Halicyclops bunderae

Metacyclops Stygocyclopiaaustralis Speleophria from the Philippines. the from was sampled from hand-dug pastoral hand-dug from wassampled bitat a portion of Australia in the Tethyan realm. Australia Tethyan of the in portion Australia. spinifer H. above 200metres coastalso and the nearat well centralRange. Cape in cave deep a in level sea Canary the Mediterraneanand western the from geographicallyrelative Islands its thancloser to S. philippensis, taxathese of two strictly in placement The localizedvery by represented genera stygobiont regions over distributed species disjunct and support seas,lends Mesozoic late the by flooded andrelicts, astrueTethyan interpretation their to north the pastof the in inclusion the to hence to be much more closely related to to related closely more much be to higher salinity layers of a single sinkhole. single a salinity higher of layers or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under Listed Western the extinct’ under become to likely is AustralianWildlifeAct.Conservation reported be calanoid to pseudocyclopiid First threeAustralia.strictly from of consists Genus anchialine species. Anchialine. genus The Anchialine restrictedto be ecosystem.to Seems the avoiding raised salinity of waters (>18%o) anchialine the desalinated system.of reaches more Co-existswith and subspecies in Australiain in widespread subspecies is and and regions. temperate and tropical genus in Anchialine.species Five H # # ecies p sp. sp. / S /

nus e Stygocyclopiaaustralis G Metacyclops mortoni Metacyclops varicans Microcyclops dengizicus Apocyclops Halicyclops iongifurcatus spinifer Halicyclops Halicyclops (undescribed) mily a Pseudocyclopiidae F Cyclopoidae

/ der mmon me r a o Calanoida (copepods) C O N Cyclopoida Cyclopoida (copepods) l C ass Copepoda: (copepods) zooplankton] [a (continued) are endemic to the area, as are all the species with the exception of some of the copepod species copepod the of some of area, the exception asallarethe with to species the endemic are

bold TACEA TACEA S U e stygofauna of Cape Range Peninsula includes the sympatric occurrence of a number of taxa with disjunct Tethyan distributions taxa of Tethyan disjunctwith number stygofaunaRangeCapesympatrica the occurrencee of of includes Peninsula RTHROPODA RTHROPODA h  C  Th P YLUM A Subphylum Subphylum CR (continued)

** # Atlanticthe of marinewith troglobites ongeneric in Genera

2 1 8 2 1 9 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R eef T O R ange cality o L Bundera Sinkhole Bundera sinkhole/ Bundera RangeCape peninsula S. from from Boxshall& Enantronoides biuexilla

Stygocyclopiaaustralis Stygocyclopiaaustralis S. Jaume & Boxshall, 1996, from Mallorca from Boxshall, & 1996, Jaume catan peninsula of Mexico have been made been catanhave Mexico peninsula of u bitat Y a H salinity. or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under Listed Western the extinct’ under become to likely is AustralianWildlifeAct.Conservation specialised be to considered are Epacteriscids predators. from epacteriscid known first calanoid The this of thirdgenus Australia,the represents which in recorded copepods mainlyfamily stygobiont of the of relative closest The region. Indo-Pacific the monotypic the is genus new Iliffe, 1986, from Bermuda (NW Atlantic), and (NW Bermuda Atlantic), from 1986, Iliffe, gymnesica of althoughreports Mediterranean), (Balearic Is., in genus the unnamedof species of presence the the on anchialine cave on the Bahama the anchialine Islands.on This on cave new relictual the suggests statusan ancient, for taxon. elsewhere. to affinities, refer Tethyan above. Anchialine.Coexists with salinity salinity higher [raised deeper layers the in sinkhole. single a of (>18%o)] or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under Listed Western the extinct’ under become to likely is AustralianWildlifeAct.Conservation Misophrioida order the of representative First Australia. knownfrom species two described Only viz. date, knownto were ecies p bunderae

misophaga marinenear of Anchialine.waters oligoxic In / S /

nus e G Bunderia Speleophria mily a F Epacteriscidae Speleophriidae

/ der mmon me r a o C O N Misophriodidea (copepods) l C ass Copepoda: (copepods) zooplankton] [a (continued) are endemic to the area, as are all the species with the exception of some of the copepod species copepod the of some of area, the exception asallarethe with to species the endemic are

bold TACEA TACEA S U e stygofauna of Cape Range Peninsula includes the sympatric occurrence of a number of taxa with disjunct Tethyan distributions taxa of Tethyan disjunctwith number stygofaunaRangeCapesympatrica the occurrencee of of includes Peninsula RTHROPODA RTHROPODA h  C  Th P YLUM A Subphylum Subphylum CR (continued)

** # Atlanticthe of marinewith troglobites ongeneric in Genera

2 2 0 2 2 1 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge cality o Single location of of location Single Sinkhole; Bundera coastal plain bordering RangeCape L coastal cave; Single plainbordering RangeCape . is the only species only the is . L.exleyi Wildlife Conservation Act Conservation Wildlife arine waters in the southern hemisphere southern the in arinewaters m bitat ‑ a Listed as vulnerable under the Commonwealth the under asvulnerableListed Act EPBC known only the includes Sinkhole Bundera Crustacean the for classthe Remipediain site hemisphere. southern hemisphere. southern in RangeCape under listed is Sinkhole Bundera EcologicalThreatened a Community, Remipede Australian Western the Communityunder Act Conservation Wildlife Order the in extant species 17 are there Globally, Nectiopoda. H Anchialineecosystem. or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under Listed Western the extinct’ under become to likely is Australian subfamilyof from this records first The non Anchialine;deep metres 80 Cave ecies p / S /

nus e G Lasionectesexleyi species) (1 ? Kiefferulusintertinctus Copelatusirregularis mily a F (water striders) (water Chironomidae midges) (non-biting water (predaceous beetle)

/ der mmon me r a o C O Nectiopoda Speleonectidae N Diptera Coleoptera Dystiscidae ** l C ass (blind crustaceans in found caves deep to connected water) salt Turbellaria (flatworms) Insecta Hemiptera Gerridae Remipedia: are endemic to the area, as are all the species with the exception of some of the copepod species copepod the of some of area, the exception asallarethe with to species the endemic are

ELM- bold H TACEA TACEA Y S e stygofauna of Cape Range Peninsula includes the sympatric occurrence of a number of taxa with disjunct Tethyan distributions taxa of Tethyan disjunctwith number stygofaunaRangeCapesympatrica the occurrencee of of includes Peninsula U RTHROPODA RTHROPODA  C h  Th

INTHES ARTHROPODA P YLUM A Subphylum Subphylum CR (continued) PLAT ** # Atlanticthe of marinewith troglobites ongeneric in Genera

2 2 0 2 2 1 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R eef T O R ange cality o L Sinkhole Bundera RangeCape Cape RangeCape Sinkhole Bundera Prionospio Prionospio is apparently a apparently is are knownare –in the deep well, well, deep the –in thalanji

Boccardia undera Sinkhole as well asas well Sinkhole undera Orthoprionospio cirriformia Orthoprionospio is dominated by marine by dominated is B

- broomensis Prionospio ) cf. cf. ) Prionospio is apparently the first spionid spionid first the apparently is , both species were characterized were species both , astern Australia.astern e ‑ bitat Ehlersia ( a H thalanji alsoare so marineforms, as‘normal’ opportunisticallystygal. Javis Well. Javis polychaete, other the to contrast In Anchialine groundwater. The phallodriline The worms Anchialinegroundwater. Bundera within the twosites in found were anartificial Limestone: small well and karst window. S.centroamericana small shallowkarstfrom windows—Tantabiddi C-506. and C-414 Rockhole, Rockholes,Wobiri Well Javis alsofrom obtained were Specimens pastoral well. deep a C-362, T. species, with a few estuarine representatives; none none estuarinefew a with representatives; species, anchialine or truly freshwater knownfrom are Thus, habitats. is it Sinkhole, where brackishBundera part of The a to full exposedto belongs sunlight. species This otherwise is that estuarine. genus sister taxon to a marine species, although it not not althoughit marine species, a to taxon sister one. knownwhich thalanji P. polychaete recorded from cave environments. environments. cave from recorded polychaete environments, freshwater in rareare Spionids of although twospecies lakescoastal south- in freshwater from dune easternAustralia and salinity reduced areas in in of widespread is south The genus genus The ) cf. cf. ) ecies p Ehlersia ( / S /

sp. sp. nus e G Aktedrilusparvithecatus ningaloo Pectinodrilus Sphaerosyllis centroamericana Typosyllis broomensis Iravadia Prionospio thalanji thalanji Prionospio mily a F Naididae (formerly (formerly Naididae knownas Tubificidae) Iravadiidae Spionidae

/ der mmon me r a o O C N Haplotaxida Haplotaxida and (earthworms aquaworms) Aciculata Syllidae Gastropoda slugs) (snails, l C ass Clitellata Polychaetae worm) (annelid are endemic to the area, as are all the species with the exception of some of the copepod species copepod the of some of area, the exception asallarethe with to species the endemic are

bold e stygofauna of Cape Range Peninsula includes the sympatric occurrence of a number of taxa with disjunct Tethyan distributions taxa of Tethyan disjunctwith number stygofaunaRangeCapesympatrica the occurrencee of of includes Peninsula NNELIDA h  C  Th P YLUM A Mollusca

** # Atlanticthe of marinewith troglobites ongeneric in Genera

2 2 2 2 2 3 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge

CT roglobitic Fauna of Cape Range

2 2 2 2 2 3 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R eef T O R ange occurs occursthe in in humid caves humid in astern portion of of portion astern e ‑ cality o D. vinei D. Tulki within the situated the along Limestone of section centralelevated RangeCape the peninsula. julianneae D. withincoastal limestone the of side western the on RangeCape peninsula. brooksi D. north coastalwestern plainon RangeCape of side peninsula; coastaleastern plainon RangeCape of side peninsula the Cape RangeCape the peninsula. L Cape RangeCape coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula . . D. D. are and and are short short are estern . w ‑ subsolanus . . B Indohya Indohya D. brooksi D. and Wildlife Conservation Act Conservation Wildlife Wildlife Conservation Act Conservation Wildlife is listed under Schedule Schedule under listed is are listed under Schedule Schedule under listed are of Schizomida have highlySchizomida have of

bitat a listed under Schedule 1 ‘Fauna that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under listed extinct’ become to likely is or rare is Australian Western the under Act Conservation Wildlife restrictedlocalisedthat distributions environmental narrow reflect their dispersal low and tolerances al.1989) et (Humphreys capabilities.’ The genus Draculoides has six species six has Draculoides genus The Range,Cape to Barrow endemic arePilbara; three and species Is species Range, Cape to one endemic to twospecies and Island Barrow to Pilbara. the most that probable seems ‘It species species. Sister B.vespertinus range endemics, havingsmallvery range endemics, range.distributional Affinities of and Gondwana with lie genus the occurnorth in relatives All the species of of All species the H The genus occurs in subterranean cave cave subterranean in occurs genus The variety a in environments fissure or systems. karst of julianneae Australia,and India southern Madagascar 1 ‘Fauna that is rare or is likely to to likely is or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Western the under extinct’ become Australian 1 ‘Fauna that is rare or is likely to to likely is or rare is that ‘Fauna 1 Western the extinct’ under become Australian Caves; under stones in darkzone in stones under Caves; damocles I. julianneae vinei vinei brooksi ecies p humphreysi damocles / S /

nus Draculoides e Draculoides Draculoides Indohya Bamazomusvespertinus Bamazomussubsolanus Indohya * * * * G ** * mily a Hyidae F Hubbardiidae * me a N

/ der mmon r o (false scorpion) (false O C scorpion) ass l endemic to Australia. to endemic Arachnida Pseudoscorpionida C Arachnida Schizomida(wind Schizomida are endemic to the area,the asallare to species.determined endemic are

bold bold RTHROPODA h P YLUM A Subphylum CHELICERATA * Exhibit extreme troglomorphies; the remaining the environments. extremeExhibitcave troglomorphies; taxa restricted * be to likelyareto in Genera of genus Only **

2 2 4 2 2 5 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge cality o coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula; RangeCape Cape RangeCape Peninsula; Papillon only, cave one Cave. C-167. Cave only, cave one RangeCape L RangeCape Peninsula; severalcaves. bores. Severaland caves RangeCape T. butleri, T. and five species occur species within five T. brooksi brooksi T. bitat a Caves Caves are both probably rainforest relicts probably both are both affinitiesof wider although the familiesunknown.are Caves; under stone in darkzone. in stone under Caves; darkzone. in stone under Cave; Australian seven the Of of species Ideoblothrus, subterraneanhabitats arid/ semi the alland from are Australia. The Western of zones arid the in subterraneanspecies other only theAll occursMexico. of in genus Australiancanregardedas species be species. endemic short-range Caves; under rock in dark zone. Both darkzone. in rock under Caves; small a area over found are species a represent to considered are and species. endemic short-range Asas well the from species troglobitic nine been familyhave Chthoniidae zone semi-arid the from described Australia illustrating Western the of the in pseudoscorpions of diversity region. H stones under Caves; ecies

# p / S /

sp. (undescribed) sp. Opiliones of twospecies the Caves; nus e brooksi Tyrannochthonius butleri Tyrannochthonius Anjolus Anjolus Glennhuntia glennhunti glennhunti Glennhuntia *Gen. Ideoblothrus papillon Ideoblothrus woodi Ideoblothrus * G easti Austrochthonius mily a Phalangodidaeindet. *Gen. Hahniidae spider) sheet (dwarf F Syarinidae Assamiidae * Chthoniidae * me a N

/ der mmon r o (Spiders) (harvestmen) O C ass l endemic to Australia. to endemic Arachnida Araneae C Arachnida Opilionida Schizomida is found outside caves. outside found is are endemic to the area,the asallare to species.determined endemic are

bold bold RTHROPODA h Myllocerus sp. 2 Myllocerussp. P YLUM A Subphylum CHELICERATA (continued) * Exhibit extreme troglomorphies; the remaining the environments. extremeExhibitcave troglomorphies; taxa restricted * be to likelyareto in Genera of genus Only ** # First blind Phalangodidae blind First Australia,# in thoughusual European in caves. ^

2 2 4 2 2 5 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R eef T O R ange cality o Cape RangeCape Cape RangeCape Cape RangeCape RangeCape Cape RangeCape RangeCape Cape RangeCape Cape RangeCape L coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula; Cape Range nezuela nezuela e V Of the seven troglobitic troglobitic seven the Of is the smallest, and one of of one and smallest, the is bitat a Caves Caves Caves spiders recognized by Harvey et al et Harvey by recognized spiders karsts, Range Cape the from (1993) A. troglobia troglomorphic. most the Three humid caves. The most most The caves. humid Three recorded symphytognathid troglobitic from recorded second the only is and in occurs first The caves. and does not appear to exhibit any any exhibit to appear not does and unlike tendencies, troglobitic extreme A. troglobia. Caves Caves. Endemic to Cape Range.Cape to Endemic Caves. Range Cape H Caves ecies p sp. sp. sp. (undescribed) sp. genus Monotypic Caves. / S / sp. l. l. sp.

. nov. & sp. l sp. & nov. . nus e Gen Chthiononetes tenuis Chthiononetes Steotoda Dunedinia occidentalisDunedinia Pholcomma Anapistulu troglobia Anapistulu Yardiella Bengalla bertmainiBengalla * (Harveyal1993) et * (Harveyal1993) et Trichocyclus septentrionalis Trichocyclus * (Harveyal1993) et G (Harvey indet. et sp. & *Gen al1993) mily a Filistatidae Tengellidae Linyphiidae * Theridiidae * Symphytognathidae * Pholcidae long-legs (daddy spider) F Ctenidae spider) (wandering Desidae me a N

/ der mmon r o O C ass l C are endemic to the area,the asallare to species.determined endemic are

bold bold RTHROPODA h P YLUM A Subphylum CHELICERATA (continued) * Exhibit extreme troglomorphies; the remaining the environments. extremeExhibitcave troglomorphies; taxa restricted * be to likelyareto in Genera

2 2 6 2 2 7 Ningaloo Coast ❱ F R O M R e ef T O R a nge S. is found found is are knownare and cality o Cape RangeCape RangeCape RangeCape RangeCape sympatricus in caves single from only the part of northern the range. generic Cape Range;Cape S.communis caves numerous in karst the throughout region. S.isolatus Cape RangeCape RangeCape Cape Range;Cape cave single L is differs differs are sinensis C. . mberley. mberley. i Stygiochiropus K C. infernalis C. S.sympatricus est China, by the the by China, est w and ‑ bitat a Caves Caves; only in areas in high with only Caves; organiccarbonhumidityand relative genus The content. endemic to Cape Range.Cape to endemic S.isolatus. listed under Schedule 1 ‘Fauna that ‘Fauna 1 Schedule under listed extinct’ become to likely is or rare is Australian Western the under Act Conservation Wildlife Only five species worldwide are are worldwide species five Only genus the to attributed currently Camptoscaphiella. of species described other all from except Camptoscaphiella, south from eyes. of lack complete Drycave Caves H the of members cavernicolous Australia, from family Oonopidae three The 2007. in described were Australia, Western in occur species Range, Cape from each species one the and Pilbara the communis isolatus sympatricus ecies p & sp. nov. 2 nov. sp. & & sp. nov. 1 nov. sp. & / S /

n. sp. 1 sp. n. 2 sp. n. nus e Stygiochiropus Stygiochiropus Stygiochiropus Gen. nov. Gen.nov. * Indjapyx Indjapyx Gen.nov. * Paralycus lavoipierreiParalycus *Gen. & sp. indet. sp. & *Gen. G infernalis Camptoscaphiella first The bore. Limestone mily a Japygidae Paradoxosomatidae * F Pediculochelidae Siphonotidae Oonopidae Oonopidae spiders) (goblin me a N

/ der mmon r o (two-pronged (two-pronged bristletails) Polydesmida (millipedes) Polyzoniida (millipedes) O C Sarcoptiformes (mites) carina ub Class ub ass S A l endemic to Australia. to endemic Insecta Diplura C Arachnida Diplopoda (millipedes) Schizomida is found outside caves. outside found is are endemic to the area,the asallare to species.determined endemic are

bold bold PODA IAPODA A R X Y RTHROPODA h Myllocerus sp. 2 Myllocerussp. ARTHROPODA Subphylum HE P YLUM ARTHROPODA Subphylum M A Subphylum CHELICERATA (continued) * Exhibit extreme troglomorphies; the remaining the environments. extremeExhibitcave troglomorphies; taxa restricted * be to likelyareto in Genera of genus Only ** # First blind Phalangodidae blind First Australia,# in thoughusual European in caves. ^

2 2 6 2 2 7 cality o Cape RangeCape RangeCape RangeCape coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula RangeCape RangeCape Cape RangeCape Cape RangeCape RangeCape coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula RangeCape RangeCape coastalCape plainof Rangepeninsula L bitat a Caves; world's most troglomorphic troglomorphic most world's Caves; distinguished cockroach,is which fragile,pale, translucentits by appearance Caves Cave; only troglobitic cricket in cricket troglobitic only Cave; RangeCape Australia; to endemic 2004) Humphreys in (cited Caves; those parts of caves thatcaves parts those Caves; of the where systemsand root contain water. withsaturated nearly air is Caves Caves Caves Caves Caves Caves H luisae ecies sp. I sp. sp. 2 sp. p sp. 1 sp. ^ 2 sp. / S /

nus e Trinemura troglophiIa Trinemura Nocticola flabella Nocticola Ngamarlanguia Phaconeura Phaconeura proserpina Phaconeura Phaconeura * *?gen. * Myllocerus Myllocerus * * >2 indet. spp. & *Gen. indet. spp. & Gen. G mily a Nemobiinae, Nemobiinae, Gryliidae Cixiidae (planthopper) Philosciidae Nocticolidae * Atelurinae * Oniscidae Nicolctiidae Curculionidae Polydrosinae F Meenoplidae Meenoplidae (planthopper) New family or sub- sub- family New or family me a N

/ der mmon r o Coleoptera Coleoptera (beetles) Orthoptera Orthoptera cricket) (pygmy (slaters, pillbugs, (slaters, woodlice) sowbugs, Blattodea Blattodea (cockroach) Thysanura fish, (silver bristletails) O C Hemiptera Hemiptera hoppers, bugs, (true scale insects,aphids, mealybugs) lerps, ass l endemic to Australia. to endemic Malacostraca Isopoda C Schizomida is found outside caves. outside found is are endemic to the area,the asallare to species.determined endemic are

bold bold PODA PODA PODA PODA PODA PODA TACEA A A A S X X X U RTHROPODA h Myllocerus sp. 2 Myllocerussp. (continued) ARTHROPODA Subphylum HE ARTHROPODA Subphylum CR P YLUM (continued) ARTHROPODA Subphylum HE (continued) A Subphylum HE ** Only genus of of genus Only ** * Exhibit extreme troglomorphies; the remaining the environments. extremeExhibitcave troglomorphies; taxa restricted * be to likelyareto in Genera # First blind Phalangodidae blind First Australia,# in thoughusual European in caves. ^

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DMai r ne research currently taking place at the Ningaloo Coast

Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Long term Armstrong, Department of 1989 ongoing Determine changes to Drupella monitoring of Shannon Environment and density and percentage cover of coral Ningaloo Marine Conservation communities at Ningaloo Marine Park Park: Status of over time. Drupella and shallow water benthic reef communities Bills Bay Coral Armstrong, Department of 1989 ongoing Determine the recovery of corals in Recovery Research Shannon Environment and Bills Bay after the 1989 anoxic coral and Monitoring Conservation spawning event. Project Broad scale Babcock, Russ Commonwealth Provide an assessment of indirect fish surveys in Scientific and Industrial effects on fish community structure Ningaloo Marine Research Organisation, from fishing activities in Ningaloo Park lagoon University of Western Marine Park. waters to assess Australia, Edith Cowan the effectiveness University of sanctuary zones for protecting exploited sub-tidal fish species Persistent organic Bengston Nash, University of Queensland 2008 2010 To quantify fluctuating contaminant pollutants in Susan burdens throughout the migratory Southern Ocean journey and associated detoxification Humpback Whales enzymal response in neighbouring dermal layers. Intertidal Black, Bob University of Western Provide an assessment of indirect invertebrates at Australia effects on invertebrate community Ningaloo Marine structure from fishing activities in Park and the Ningaloo Marine Park. effectiveness of sanctuary zones in protecting exploited species ScenarioLab - a Boschetti, Fabio Commonwealth To develop a modelling tool that can desktop modelling Scientific and Industrial be used by managers/policy makers tool for managers Research Organisation to consider the application of various management strategies in marine park management.

2 2 9 Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Using hyperspectral Bunning, Jessica Murdoch University 2008 Quantify the relationship between imagery to potential turtle nesting sites and determine human beach accessibility, determine the impact (track correlation between beach accessibility making) on turtle and categories of human-made roads, nesting sites along and evaluate the degree of human Ningaloo coastline, interference at different turtle nesting WA beaches. Estimation and Burton, Michael University of Western 2006 2010 To develop an empirical model to integration of Australia, Australian explain choice of recreational sites and socioeconomic National University use as a basis for economic welfare values of human and policy evaluation. To understand use of Ningaloo: destination choice for users of the models for Ningaloo Marine Park. To estimate recreational economic values associated with fishing and non- recreational fishing in the Ningaloo recreational fishing Marine Park through random choices utility models (RUMs). To estimate economic values associated with other recreational activities in the Ningaloo Marine Park through RUMs.

Creefs Project Caley, Julian Australian Institute of Ningaloo Reef will serve as one of the Census of Marine Science reference site in the global project marine life censusing marine life. Sustainability of Catlin, James Curtin University 2006 2009 n/a the whale shark tourism industry at Ningaloo Coral associated Ceh, Janja Murdoch University To investigate the dynamics of coral- microbes of associated microbial communities over Ningaloo Reef a one year period in Ningaloo Reef.

Population and Cerutti, Florencia Charles Darwin 2007 2011 To estimate manta ray population migration of manta University demographics and genetic structure. rays at Ningaloo To define local movement, site fidelity Reef, WA and migratory patterns. To determine if there is genetic exchange with other populations in the Indo Pacific.

International and Chandler, Curtin University To examine the experiences and domestic tourist Philippa attitudes of people who regularly perceptions and holiday at Ningaloo Marine Park. To experiences of evaluate the potential influence of Ningaloo repeat visitors attitudes and values on future tourism planning in the region.

Impacts of tourism Chapman, Kelly Edith Cowan University n/a in the Ningaloo Marine Park Assessment Collins, Lindsay Curtin University 2009 To characterise the hydrological and of coastal geological aquifer system of Ningaloo groundwater and including the coastal seawater/ linkages with freshwater interface and pathways to Ningaloo Reef the Ningaloo Reef lagoon. To develop our understanding of the behaviour of the freshwater/seawater interface in relation to seasonal, tidal and episodic events.

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Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Characterisation Collins, Lindsay Curtin University 2006 2009 To characterise the coastal and seabed of geomorphology, geomorphology of the reef system, growth history and including the deeper reserve areas surface sediments offshore of the fringing reef. To characterise the surficial sediments of the shallow (lagoonal) waters. To characterise the morphology and growth history of the reef system and identify growth characteristics relevant to maintenance of marine biodiversity and climate change impacts.

Qualitative Dambacher, Jeff Commonwealth 2010 Develop alternative constructs of modelling for Scientific and Industrial socio-economic and ecological sustainable tourism Research Organisation system modelling based on patterns, development and Western Australian processes and responses; explore the Marine Science consequences of model structure Institution and system dynamics; and facilitate stakeholder involvement in the process.

Management De la Mare, Bill Commonwealth 2007 2010 Develop and provide the integrated Strategy Evaluation Scientific and Industrial modelling and analysis for multiple use (MSE) for the Research Organisation Management Strategy Evaluation of Ningaloo Region and Western Australian the Ningaloo region. Marine Science Institution

Resident survey of Deery, Marg Victoria University 2010 Compile information on residential social impacts of views of the impacts of tourism for tourism inclusion into the Ningaloo coast dynamic model. Methods for Depczynski, Australian Institute of 2006 2010 To design parameters for a long term monitoring the Martial Marine Science monitoring program for coral and fish health of benthic communities in Ningaloo Marine Park communities addressing recruitment, and spatial and temporal replication. Provide baseline data for this program.

Stock assessment of Depczynski, Australian Institute 2008 2010 Assess status of target species; target invertebrates Martial of Marine Science, characterise habitats associated with University of Western abundance and compare abundance in Australia relation to human use.

Assessment of Dwyer, Larry University of New South 2010 Provide an assessment of the economic economic values of Wales value of tourism in the Ningaloo Coast tourism area to the socio-economic tourism model. Impact of climate Feng, Ming Commonwealth 2011 Quantify the climate variability in the variability and Scientific and Industrial Leeuwin Current physical forcing on climate change Research Organisation the coastal ecosystem. on coastal marine ecosystem Lagoonal and cross Fitzpatrick, Ben University of Western 2009 Characterise the fish biodiversity and shelf patterns in the Australia assemblages associated with habitat trophic structure types and dominant macro benthic of demersal fish communities in sanctuary zones and assemblages nearby comparison sites in lagoon and deeper waters of Ningaloo Marine Park northern areas.

2 3 1 Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Assessing the Foster, Taryn Murdoch University 2008 To assess natural variability in resilience of corals photosynthetic performance of reef from tropical building coral within one colony waters and between colonies. To assess the resilience of P. domicornis from WA tropical waters to higher sea surface temperatures predicted due to climate change, in an aquarium setting.

Species inventory Fromont, Jane Western Australian 2010 Collect voucher specimens to form database for Museum, Australian the foundation of a species inventory Ningaloo deep Institute of Marine database for Ningaloo deeper waters. waters Science

The significance Fromont, Jane Western Australian Database the common marine of historical Museum invertebrates from Ningaloo as collections: indicated from historical collections Ningaloo dating back to the 1960s. Integrated software Fulton, Beth Commonwealth 2010 Simulate using a variety of factors for multiple use Scientific and Industrial including biophysical, social, management Research Organisation assessment, monitoring and strategy evaluation management policy for multiple use management strategy evaluation Economic Gazzani, Flavio Murdoch University Estimate the benefits of the non-use valuation of values of the Ningaloo Reef and how biodiversity choices may be related to socio- conservation. economic characteristics using Choice Citizen’s non-use Modelling. value for Ningaloo Reef Australian Harcourt, R Integrated Marine Initiate both a fine and broad scale Telemetry Observing System acoustic curtain at several sites along and Acoustic the Ningaloo Marine Park to enhance Monitoring System research projects identifying fine and large scale movement of particles and species.

Fish biodiversity Harvey, Euan Australian Institute of 2010 Characterise the fish biodiversity associated with Marine Science associated with habitat types and habitat types in dominant macro benthic communities sanctuary and in sanctuary zones and nearby adjacent zones in comparison sites in waters between deeper waters 20-100m depth.

Deepwater Heyward, Andrew Australian Institute of 2006 2010 Assess the biodiversity value of the Communities at Marine Science deeper waters seawards of the reef Ningaloo Reef crest in the Ningaloo Marine Park with a focus on representativeness of sanctuary zones. Deep water habitat Heyward, Andrew Australian Institute of 2010 Characterise the habitat types and types Marine Science dominant macro benthic communities in sanctuary zones and nearby comparison sites in waters between 20-100m depth. Coring of Porhytes Heyward, Andrew Australian Institute of n/a to determine Marine Science impacts of climate change

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Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Reef coral Heyward, Andrew Australian Institute of n/a population Marine Science dynamics and annual recruitment processes of spawning coral Coral reef disease - Heyward, Andrew Australian Institute of Detect whether Ningaloo has been White Syndrome Marine Science infected with white syndrome. Distribution Hodgson, James Cook University 2001 Ongoing Establish the abundance of dugong in and abundance Amanda (every 5 Ningaloo Marine Park in relation to of dugongs in years) Shark Bay and Exmouth Gulf. Ningaloo Marine Park and Exmouth Gulf Movement patterns How, Jason Edith Cowan University 2008 2009 To look at the movement patterns of of serranids as they serranid species to determine its home relate to marine range, and see if an existing sanctuary park planning at zone boundaries provide adequate Ningaloo Marine protection for the species from fishing Park activities. To examine movement of fish across reef passes and determine whether they provide a natural barrier to fish movement.

Environmental Hughes, Michael Curtin University 2010 Develop a dynamic model of Ningaloo load survey of incorporating social, economic accommodation and environmental management providers assessment of tourism along the Ningaloo coast. Suspension feeders Humphries, University of Western 2005 2009 n/a and energy flow Stuart Australia through reefs

Geographical Jenner, Curt Centre for Whale 1997 ongoing Identify the movement and and temporal Research distribution patterns of humpback boundaries for whales relative to the Ningaloo Marine whales of Ningaloo Park. Managing Johansson, James Cook University The objective is to assess potential coral reefs - the Charlotte variations within ecological functions importance of for herbivorous populations on working with Ningaloo and the Great Barrier Reef, functional groups to understand how these are structured to maintain and how they contribute to the build resilience up of resilience.

Ningaloo Jones, Tod Curtin University 2010 Develop a dynamic model of Ningaloo destination model incorporating social, economic for scenario and environmental management evaluation and assessment of tourism along the collaborative Ningaloo coast. planning An assessment of Keesing, John Commonwealth 2006 2010 The distribution of genetic structure likely dispersal Scientific and Industrial throughout the WA range of two patterns for marine Research Organisation (or more) widespread urchin species organisms based on with differing reproductive and larval hydrodynamic and biology and contrasting dispersal population genetic potential will be characterised using models DNA sequence information.

2 3 3 Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Sustainability of Kingham, A Curtin University 2005 n/a the wilderness experience: a case study in environmental stewardship

Hyperspectral Kobryn, Halina Murdoch University 2006 2009 Develop a high resolution mapping - Habitats characterisation of the reef and shallow water habitats of the Ningaloo Marine Park that will provide the basis for future multiple use management and planning.

Temperature Kuchling, Gerald University of Western 2004 2007 Provide an overview of temperature profiles of sea turtle Australia, Department variation at sea turtle nesting beaches nesting beaches in of Environment and and allow rough estimates of sex ratio Western Australia Conservation variations according to published male and female producing temperatures for the different species.

The trophic Langdon, Mark Murdoch University To add to our understanding of coral ecology of the reef ecology, in particular the role of grazing sea urchin sea urchins. (Echinometra mathaei) within Ningaloo Marine Park: comparing the effects of different closure regimes on urchin distribution and trophodynamics

Sustainable Lewis, Anna Curtin University 2008 2011 Assess campsite environmental camping along impacts, and determine how impacts the Ningaloo vary between sites. Assess the average coast: how level of waste, water and energy campsite location, consumption per camper and how facilities and waste is disposed of. Assess camper activities influence activities and determine influence on environmental campsite selection. Develop indicators impacts to assist in future monitoring of campsite environmental impacts. Identify whether camping on the beach or dunes create the least environmental impact and determine suitability of campsite locations.

ElfSim Little, Rich Commonwealth 2010 Assess the impact of existing zonal Scientific and Industrial management strategies on key target Research Organisation fish species and biodiversity using background data and knowledge currently held or being gathered.

Nutrient Lovelock, Cath University of Queensland 1999 Understand the degree of connectivity limitation and between the terrestrial environment impact of nutrient and estuaries in the arid tropics of enrichment on arid Australia. zone mangroves

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Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Hydrodynamics Lowe, Ryan University of Western 2007 2009 Develop a model that will predict of Fringing Reef Australia circulation on reefs and other similar Systems coastal systems for the Ningaloo Reef, providing insight into various ecological processes that are linked to hydrodynamics and threatening processes. Hydrodynamic Lowe, Ryan University of Western 2009 To conduct process-based experiments control of nutrient Australia to study the impact of key physical uptake and reef parameters (water motion, light, metabolism using temperature) on nutrient uptake by a portable flume reef communities at Ningaloo. mesocosm at Ningaloo Reef

Benthic Lowe, Ryan University of Western 2007 2009 n/a productivity and Australia calcification on Ningaloo Reef: role of oceanic forcing and response to climate change Stock assessment of Marriott, Ross Department of Fisheries To assess spangled emperor stock in spangled emperor Ningaloo Marine Park for integrated fisheries management of the Gascoyne bioregion. Sand temperature Mawson, Peter Queensland 2008 To gather data on sand temperature data loggers in over time at turtle nesting beaches. turtle nesting beaches The policy McCartney, Abbie University of Western 2007 2010 Investigate the suitability of Choice relevance of Choice Australia Modelling (CM) as a tool for valuing Modelling: an marine parks and coral reefs using application to Ningaloo Marine Park as a case study. Ningaloo Marine Investigate the differences between Park traditional and non-market valuation payment vehicles and tax reallocation using CM for an environmental good. Contribute towards determining the policy relevance of CM.

High resolution McCauley, Rob Curtin University, 2010 Improve the understanding of the data on cross shelf Australian Institute of biophysical domain via high resolution bathymetry and Marine Science data on cross shelf bathymetry and sediment facies distribution of sediment facies. Passive acoustics off McCauley, Rob Curtin University, Centre 2000 To gather information on marine Exmouth, whales for Water Research mammal presence and movement and fish patterns on the north west shelf.

Economic and McElroy, Seamus University of Western n/a social aspects of Australia recreational fishing in WA

2 3 5 Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Trophic ecology of McGregor, Frazer Coral Bay Progress 2007 2009 Investigate the tropic links between Manta Rays within Assoc., Department manta rays and the Ningaloo reef lagoonal systems of Environment using mark recapture studies and of the Ningaloo and Conservation, assessing primary production. Marine Park North West Research Association, Murdoch University University

Whale sharks, Meekan, Mark Australian Institute 2006 Determine movement and behaviour migration of Marine Science, of Whale Sharks - part of the Whale and ecology, Commonwealth Shark Management Program. movements and Scientific and Industrial behaviour of whale Research Organisation, sharks with use of National Oceanic acoustic, satellite, and Atmospheric PAT, critter Administration cam and genetic tagging.

Herbivorous fish of Michael, Peter Edith Cowan University 2010 Qualitatively characterise species Ningaloo specific algal-herbivore interactions across reef habitats. Using the past Moore, P University of Queensland Investigate the regional effects of to understand climatic warming on the community the future: the composition and biogeographic range effects of climate of crutose coralline algae along a 12 change on regional degree latitudinal gradient of Western diversity patterns of Australia’s coral reefs. coralline algae

Whale sharks Norman, Brad Ecooceans ongoing Collect baseline data on whale sharks at Ningaloo Marine Park by photo identification, whale shark sex and size, deployment of data logging tags and collection of plankton samples to determine whale shark prey items.

Ecological effects of Pandolfi, John University of Queensland n/a climate change on regional diversity patterns of WA coral reefs

Characterisation Pattiaratchi, Chari University of Western 2007 2010 Develop the capacity to numerically and modelling Australia simulate waves, currents, sediment of oceanographic transport and particle dispersion in a processes in shallow complex reef environment over Ningaloo Reef and temporal and spatial scales. adjacent waters

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Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Transient coastal Pattiaratchi, Chari University of Western 2009 2011 The principal aim of this project is to upwelling along Australia conduct the first detailed study into Western Australia: the dynamics of coastal upwelling the dynamics of the along the North West Cape by: Ningaloo Current 1) characterising the spatial and system temporal variability of upwelling at Ningaloo through field experiments 2) Develop a three-dimensional circulation model of the Ningaloo region 3) use the model to develop suitable parameterizations to predict the meteorological and oceanic conditions responsible for generating upwelling (including annual frequency, duration and cumulative effects over seasons 4) apply the numerical model to assess the role of upwelling on the overall cross shelf exchange of material between Ningaloo and offshore, and investigate how these exchange processes may be affected by forecasted climate related changes to regional meteorological and oceanic forcing.

SERPENT: Pattiaratchi, Chari University of Sydney, International project in collaboration Scientific and University of Western with oil and gas industry to undertake Environmental Australia, University of deep-sea research using ROV ROV Partnership Wollongong, University technology. using Existing of Technology Sydney, Industrial Woodside, Santos, Technology Chevron

West Australian Pattiaratchi, University of Western The WA component of Integrated Integrated Marine Charitha Australia Marine Observing System, real time Observation monitoring concentrated along the System Jurien-Cape Peron coastal stretch and 3 long term reference sites; Dampier, Rottnest and Esperance.

Turtle tagging Prince, Bob Department of Long term monitoring program of program Environment and marine turtle nesting populations in Conservation the Ningaloo Marine Park.

Economic strategies Roberts, Rebecca Murdoch University 2007 To assess the socio-economics of for disaster risk- vulnerability on communities who live reduction in coastal in the coastal area of Exmouth. areas: a case study of Exmouth Gulf Role of science Rodger, K Murdoch University, 2006 n/a in managing the Sustainable Tourism impacts of wildlife Cooperative Research tourism Centre

2 3 7 Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date The use of Rouillard, Denis Murdoch University 2008 Produce a classification of distinct soil hyperspectral and sediment types within the Osprey imagery in Sanctuary Zone. detecting linkages between marine sediment and terrestrial soil types in the Cape Range Peninsula Production and Rousseaux, Cecile University of Western To quantify the mechanisms governing transport of Australia the amount of offshore primary particulate matter production that crosses the continental in a regional shelf off Ningaloo Reef to contact the current system reef front, ultimately entering the Reef via wave-driven lagoon circulation.

Establishing a high Scheffers, Anja Southern Cross 2008 2008 Establish the time and mechanism for magnitude wave Marie University mechanical destruction and investigate event at Coral Bay the influence of large scale mechanical and the response of destruction on the adjacent coral the adjacent coral communities and coral reef system of reef ecosystem Coral Bay.

Modelling whale Sleeman, J Charles Darwin 2004 2007 n/a shark distribution University Diversity, Stevens, John Commonwealth 2007 2009 Characterise shark and ray diversity abundance and Scientific and Industrial and abundance in the reserves and habitat utilisation Research Organisation, support development of management of sharks and rays Department of Fisheries targets for them.

Range and habitats Stewart, Brent Hubbs SeaWorld 2005 2008 Document the seasonal movements of whale sharks in Research Institute, and habitat use of whale sharks at the Eastern Indian Commonwealth Ningaloo Marine Park between March Ocean Scientific and Industrial and June using satellite tags. Research Organisation, Australian Institute of Marine Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NREP Client Symes, Geoff Commonwealth 2010 Integrate the Western Australian outreach Scientific and Industrial Marine Science Institution and Cluster Research Organisation research and ensure implementation of outcomes through relevant stakeholders. Hydrodynamic Taebi, Soheila University of Western 2010 To develop hydrodynamic models of processes in the Australia circulation in lagoon areas of Ningaloo Ningaloo Reef Marine Park. System The influence of Tonge, Joanna Murdoch University To measure and understand visitor place attachment attachment to the Ningaloo Marine on the management Park. To use this information to better of marine inform management and development. parks and their hinterlands

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Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Reef connectivity Treml, Eric Anton University of Queensland 2008 2011 Evaluate connectivity (larvae dispersal) and conservation: between reefs in the Coral Triangle an empirical and the Great Barrier Reef using and theoretical physical and genetic methods. Use this synthesis information to predict the impact of climate change on connections among reefs to prioritise their conservation.

Conservation of Trocini, S. Murdoch University, 2007 To identify and quantify various biotic the endangered Department of and abiotic risk factors that reduce loggerhead turtle Environment and hatching success of loggerhead turtles. (Caretta caretta): Conservation health assessment and hatching success of Western Australian populations

Mapping Twiggs, Emily Curtin University 2009 To characterise the coastal and seabed geomorphology geomorphology of the reef system, and sedimentary including the deeper reserve areas environments for offshore of the fringing reef. To conserving marine characterise the surficial sediments of biodiversity of the the shallow (lagoonal) waters. Ningaloo marine park Investigating Usher, Kayley Department of 2008 2010 Determine the percentage of the importance, Environment and photosynthetic sponges on temperate diversity and Conservation/University and tropical reefs, the diversity of host specificity of of Western Australia photosynthetic symbionts of sponges, photosynthetic the biogeography of symbiont classes, symbionts in the abundance of symbiont classes and marine sponges the range of host sponges. from tropical and temperate regions

Habitats and van Keulen, Mike Murdoch University, 2006 2010 Provide comprehensive information Biodiversity of Curtin University, on habitats and biodiversity in the Ningaloo Reef University of Queensland Ningaloo Marine Park. Qualitatively lagoon and quantitatively describe the biodiversity values of selected areas of the reef in relationship to the bio- physical environment, patterns of reef use and access from land, linking these with physical and biological surrogates to enable specific biodiversity values to be applied across the Ningaloo Marine Park. Identify hot spots and develop an understanding of the environmental and habitat factors that explain the distribution of these hotspots.

Biodiversity - soft van Keulen, Mike Murdoch University Provide comprehensive information on corals, macroalgae, habitats and biodiversity with a focus macro invertebrates on sponges, soft coral and macroalgae.

Seagrasses and van Keulen, Mike Murdoch University 2002 n/a macroalgae of Ningaloo

2 3 9 Ttlei Principle Institution Start End Objectives Researcher Date Date Assessment of Verges, Adriana Commonwealth 2009 Provide an assessment of indirect trophic cascade Scientific and Industrial effects on benthic community effects Research Organisation, structure from fishing activities in Edith Cowan University Ningaloo Marine Park.

The biological Waite, Anya University of Western 2006 n/a oceanography of Australia Ningaloo Reef: coastal plankton as a food source for the reef. Assessing the vulnerability of Ningaloo Marine Park to pollution.

A study of hatching Warren, Kristin Murdoch University 2006 2009 Determine disease prevalence, health success and sea risk factors, causes of mortality, and turtle health in factors influencing hatching success in Western Australia three sea turtle species.

Southern Surveyor Williams, Alan Commonwealth n/a Voyage Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Social and Wood, David Cooperative Research 2006 2009 Develop a dynamic model of Ningaloo economic Centre, Curtin incorporating social, economic assessment of University, Edith Cowan and environmental management tourism along the University, Murdoch assessment of tourism along the Ningaloo Coast: a University Ningaloo coast. Assess the social- dynamic modelling economic implications of tourism to approach (Socio- the Ningaloo coast. Use the model economics of to investigate the impacts of different tourism) tourism and development scenarios on the economy, communities and environments of Ningaloo and its surrounding regions.

Continuation of Wood, David Curtin University n/a long term survey of visitation Trophic ecology of Wyatt, Alex University of Western Link benthic ecology and biological coral reefs: the role Australia oceanography to elucidate the extent of oceanographic- and mechanisms by which coral to-organism reefs are nutritionally linked to the scale processes in surrounding pelagic environment and trophodynamics susceptible to its alteration. and benthic-pelagic coupling

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