Advantages and Disadvantages of Green Technology; Goals, Challenges and Strengths

International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) Advantages and Disadvantages of Green Technology; Goals, Challenges and Strengths

Abolfazl Iravani Mohammad Hasan akbari Mahmood Zohoori Master of Agricultural Master of Public Master of Environmental Engineering Administration (Governmental Management Azad University of Birjand Management) Putra University of Malaysia Birjand, Iran Farabi Campus, University of Birjand, Iran Tehran Birjand, Iran

Abstract: The concept of green processes and technologies is the processes and technologies which are environmentally friendly, improved and utilized in such a way so that it doesn’t disorganize the environment and conserve natural resources. Some people refer green technology as environmental technology and clean technology. The existing expectation is that this field will bring novelty and innovation changes in diurnal life of same magnitude of information technology. Besides, today due to the importance of this technologies, most of the governments takes initiatives to promote it. Therefore, governments recommended many financial incentives which generate electricity from renewable resources. The goals of green technologies are as follow: to meet the needs of society in the way without depleting or damaging natural resources on earth which is the major target of green technologies. The concept is to make products which can be fully reclaimed or reused. Furthermore, by changing patterns of production and consumption, steps are being taken into account to diminish waste and pollution as one of the most indispensable aims of green technologies. Many companies have committed for establishing manufacturing practices and business regarding green technologies. Besides, this kind of technology implies to a system which utilizes innovative techniques to create environmental friendly products. Predominantly, it contains the various everyday cleaning products, waste, inventions, energy sources, clothing and host of others. Going green or using technologies which are environmental friendly is amongst the many methods which countries are looking in order to spur economic growth and develop the lives of its citizens. Green processes and technologies use renewable and natural resources which never depletes. Besides, green technology utilizes innovative and new techniques in terms of energy generation. Furthermore, green nanotechnology which utilizes green chemistry and green engineering is one of the newest in green technologies. One of the most important factors for pollution of environment is the disposal of waste which green technology has the answers to it as well. This kind of technology can easily alter the waste pattern and production in a way which it does not deteriorate the earth and people can go green. Furthermore, among the conceivable areas where these creations and growth are expected to come from involve organic farming, green energy, green building construction, eco-textiles, and manufacturing of relevant products and materials to support green business. Because it is new to the industries. Besides, it is also expected to absorb new clients who will see too many advantages of using green technologies in their places and others. Therefore, the main goal is to utilize green technology which has no adverse effects on the planet. Nowadays there are huge concerns regarding environmental pollution which bring attentions on the utilization of green products and processes. There are a great amount of researchers who have been conducted and are being conducted in different industries with various scopes in this term. However, the essential point is whether green technology are able to adapt in various industries. Certainly, one of the major problems in the globe is pollution which has created a huge concern in relation to the future human life. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the advantages and disadvantages of green technology.

Keywords: Green technology, Environmental pollution, Renewable energy, green chemistry, eco-friendly technology, organic farming

1. INTRODUCTION techniques to diminish the waste, Nowadays industries consume more because the earth’s environment is energy than what it is essential, so it not in a proper situation today in leads to more pollution. That’s why terms of pollution for instance: water it is necessary to create a managerial contamination, global warming and system based on green processes and forest disappearing which are main products to decrease the pollutions. difficulties for environment. Besides, the opportunities are However, in roofed environment provided in green technology. such as offices with mechanical Governments, companies and ventilation, but without circulation, industries all around the globe seek tools like computers may lead have been seeking for methods and sensory pollution loads (Al-Ali et al.,

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2010), (Zohoori et al., 2016). In purpose. Furthermore, green point of fact, the personal computers inventions are environmentally (PCs) considered as a potent indoor friendly inventions which often pollution sources. Furthermore, when include energy efficiency, recycling PCs are services for every three health and safety concerns, months, sensory pollution load of renewables and more. The world has every singular one is 3.4 Olfactus its fixed amount of natural resources (olf) (Bakó‐Biró et al., 2004), which some of them are already (Zohoori et al., 2016). depleted or destroyed. For instance: electronics and household batteries Chemical analysis detects the often involve hazardous chemicals pollutants emitted by PCs. The most which can contaminate the remarkable chemicals involve groundwater after disposal, polluting phenol, toluene, 2- ethylhexanol, soil and water with chemicals which formaldehyde, and styrene (Al-Ali et cannot be eliminated from the al., 2010). Therefore, these types of potable water supply and food crops pollutants include an indespisable grown on polluted soil. Moreover, adverse effect on the air quality, not the risks on human health are only in the offices but also in many tremendous. So, every investor needs spaces like houses. In addition, to think green and know that green (National Public Radio) NPR inventions and clean technology are reported by Chris Arnold in 2004 such proper business as well as its from Environmental Protection growing markets with growing Agency (EPA) officials said: benefits. Besides, from the point of Computers and their monitors in the view of the consumers it should be United States have the responsibility known that purchasing green for the unessential creation of inventions can diminish their energy millions of tons of greenhouse gases bills as well as safer and healthier per year (Ravali et al., 2011). products (Zohoori et al., 2016). Besides, as the whole globe have been talking about going green, 2. Literature review everybody can chip-in his/her bit for 2.1. Definition of Technology saving environment, energy and The word technology is being used money. Commonly, PCs and other IT to refer to a collection of skills, equipment consume a great amount methods, processes and techniques of electricity and have high carbon utilized in the production of goods emission levels. Moreover, the and services or in achieving of the utilization of green technology are goals like scientific investigation. especially designed to minimize Besides, technology is the power consumption (Zohoori et al., knowledge of how to combine the 2016). resources to produce the desirable As the name implies green products, to solve the difficulties, technology is one which has a green fulfill the needs, satisfied wants.

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Furthermore, it involves technical utilization of green technology methods, proficiency, techniques, include the exploitation of tools, raw materials and etc, or it can environmental technology for be embedded in machines, monitoring and evaluating, pollution computers, devices and factories, prevention, control, remediation and which can be operated by peoples restoration. Furthermore, monitoring without detailed knowledge of the and evaluating of technology are working of such things. Currently, used to measure and track the the state of technology is the condition of the environment, application of science, arts and math involving the release of natural or for the profit of life as it is well- anthropogenic materials of a known technology (Monu Bhardwaj detrimental nature. et al., 2015). Prevention technologies refrain the 2.2. What Is Green Technology? production of hazardous materials or change human activities in the ways Clean or green technology is the which minimize damages to the improvement and application of environment. Moreover, it equipment, systems and products encompasses product substitution or utilized to save the natural redesign of a whole production environment and resources which process rather that utilizing new minimize and decrease the adverse pieces of equipment. Besides, control effect of human activities (Monu technologies render hazardous Bhardwaj et al., 2015). Green materials harmless before entering technology satisfy the following the environment. Furthermore, criteria: remediation and restoration a) It minimizes the deterioration of technologies embody techniques and the environment; methods designed to develop the condition of ecosystems, degraded b) It lowers greenhouse gases (GHG) through naturally induced or emission to zero as well as its anthropogenic effects (Sanjukta utilization is safe and finally it Banerjee et al., 2014). enhances healthy and improved environment for all forms of life. One of the most famous examples of green technology is solar cell. A c) It saves the use of natural solar cell directly transforms the resources and energy. energy into light or electricity through the process of photovoltaic. d) It enhances the utilization of Besides, generating electricity from renewables. solar energy means reduction in 2.3. Categories of Green technology consumption of fossil fuels and greenhouse gases emissions and less Green technology covers a vast area pollution. Moreover, another of production and consumption ordinary invention which can be seen technologies. The adoption and www.ijsea.com 274 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) green is the reusable of water bottle. Naturally, drinking lots of water is healthful, so reduction in the amount of plastic waste is excellent for the environment and wildlife. Therefore, reusable water bottles which can be refilled are health-promoting, eco- friendly, and as well as green (Sanjukta Banerjee et al., 2014).

2.3.1. Energy

Perhaps development of alternative fuels, new means of generating energy and energy efficiency are the most instant matter for green technology. In addition, renewable energy involves efficiency technology, water management and water purification, recycling technology, sewage treatment and solid waste management. In accordance to the IEA, World Energy Outlook, the world’s first energy supply has ascended by 58 percent in 25 years, from roughly 7.2 billion TOE (tons of oil equivalent) in 1980 to around 11.4 billion TOE in 2005. Table 1 demonstrates the perspective of world energy demand (Source: IEA World Energy; Outlook 2007, 2008).

Table 1, Perspective of World Energy Demand

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• Improve asset value and benefits

Green building or sustainable design, • Optimize the economic performance of life- is the practice of rising the efficiency cycle which buildings and their sites utilize energy, water and materials and their 2.3.2.3. Social benefits of green building: decreasing impacts on human health and the environment for the whole • Boost occupant wellness and easement lifecycle of a building. The concepts of green building expand beyond the • Elevate indoor air quality walls of buildings and involve site planning, community and land-use • Minimize strain on local utility infrastructure planning issues as well. The rise of the communities has a huge impact • Develop whole quality of life on natural environment. 2.3.3. Environmentally preferred Furthermore, the manufacturing, design, construction and operation of purchasing the buildings are responsible for the Innovation contains the survey for consumption of natural resources (http://www.wncgbc.org/about/impor products in which contents and tance-of-green-building). techniques of production have the

Besides, green building contains slightest possible effect on the everything from the choice of environment, and mandates which materials to where a building is located for instance: sustainable these be the preferred products for building material and building government purchasing (Sanjukta performance technology (Sanjukta Banerjee et al., 2014). Banerjee et al., 2014). Besides, in many areas like North 2.3.2.1. Environmental profits of green building: America, green technology is becoming the quickest growing • Improve and protect biodiversity and segment of the economy. In addition, ecosystems the field of green technology • Enhance air and water quality includes many various products and

• Diminish waste streams services within different industries such as transportation, management • Conserve and retrieve natural resources of waste, agriculture, energy and 2.3.2.2. Economic benefits of green water supply. However, all of these building: technologies have something in • Decline operation costs common and that is implementation • Enhance occupant productivity with a diversity of industries, which

www.ijsea.com 276 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) not only optimize the operational Decreasing the pollution, waste and efficiency but also reduce the resources consumption which takes negative impact regarding place during the manufacturing environment. In fact, green process at many various stages. This technology is the best solution when may contain post-production it comes to sustaining the business efficiency for instance diminishing segment. Here are four elementary impacts of shipping as well. business goals of green technology 2.3.3.1.4. Closed-Loop Innovation which assist different organizations The whole technology controlled to maximize their operations “smart systems” monitor (http://www.powerhousegrowers.co consumption of resources and m/4-business-goals-of-green management of waste, while technology/). accounting for metrics which 2.3.3.1. Business goals of green otherwise would never have been technology contained. 2.3.3.1.1. Sustainability Goals 2.3.4. Green-chemistry The systematic shift from short-term Green chemistry is called sustainable gain which deteriorates natural chemistry as well. Besides, it is a resources to the long-term prosperity philosophy of chemical research and of future generations. This kind of engineering which encourages the shift is mindset for a lot of design of products and processes organizations. which minimize the utilization and 2.3.3.1.2. Product Life Cycle Goals generation of hazardous materials. Especially depending to Moreover, in 1990 the Pollution manufacturers, performing life cycle Prevention Act was passed in United evaluations finishes the “cradle to States. In addition, this act assisted to grave” cycle of production. Besides, create a modus operandi for dealing products can be manufactured with pollution in an original and utilizing a life cycle evaluation to innovative way. Besides, it aims to ascertain cradle to cradle cycles refrain difficulties prior they take whereby products can be reused at place. Moreover, green chemistry the end of their life. applies to organic chemistry, 2.3.3.1.3. Product Efficiency Goals inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and even www.ijsea.com 277 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) physical chemistry. (Ghanshyam Das (www.ajcebeats.com/the- Soni 2015). importance-of-green-technology/). 2.3.5. Green-nanotechnology Nanotechnology includes the 4. Goals of Green Technology manipulation of matters at the scale The aims of green technology are of the nanometer which is one myriads. The major objective of billionth of a meter. There are some green technology is to meet the researchers who believe that mastery needs of society in ways without of this issue is forthcoming which damaging or depleting natural will convert the method which resources on the planet. In addition, everything in the world is the opinion is to meet the present manufactured. "Green- needs without making any nanotechnology" is the application of compromise. Besides, it is required green engineering and chemistry to to find the right destination to get all this field (Ghanshyam Das Soni about the goals of this kind of 2015). technology. The concentration of green technology is to make products 3. Significance Green Technology which can be fully reclaimed or Green technology is an reused. In addition, steps are being environmentally friendly technology taken to decrease wastes and which is improved and utilized in a pollution as one of the most way which conserves the indispensable aims of green environment and protects natural technology via changing patterns of resources. The significance of green production and consumption. technology can’t be ignored Moreover, it is necessary to improve especially the part pertains to alternative technologies to hamper humanity. Besides, going green is the any further damage to environment only option to help humanity come and health. The solution is out of the current strict situation. precipitation in the implementation Therefore, before the things turn for of these kind of technologies to the worst, it is indispensable to benefit and protect the earth. The realize the significance of green important goals of green technology technology to solve the problems. introduce sustainable living, develop renewable energy, decrease www.ijsea.com 278 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) production of waste, conserve the utilization of natural resources, creation of products which are reusable and recyclable, and inventing alternatives to the practices which adversely affect the human and environment (Monu Bhardwaj et al., 2015).

5. From Sustainability to Greenability Sustainability is commonly considered from three dimensions including the social, the economic and the environmental which is provided by the United Nation (Coral Calero et al., 2015), IEEE (2014). As shown in figure 1, the third dimension is called green.

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identifying and removing these obstacles which prevent the large-

scale dissemination of clean technology to improve countries (Ghanshyam Das Soni 2015). 6. Challenges to Green Technology Adoption 7. Strengths from adopting green technology In general, green technology is more expensive than the technology it • Ability to meet rigid product aims to sub, because it accounts for specifications in foreign markets: the environmental costs which hare Manufacturers in developing externalized in many conventional countries generally require to meet production processes. This is a novel more stringent environmental technology and there is many things specifications and requirements to in it which is unknown. In addition, export their commodities to the associated improvement and developed and industrialized training costs make it even more countries and vice versa. The costly in comparison with other adoption of green technology may established technologies. The help exporting companies to achieve perceived profits regarding this advantage and market share over technology are also pertain to other competitors. factors for instance supporting • Rebate of input costs: Green infrastructure, technology readiness, technology can develop production human resource capabilities and efficiency through the reduction for geographic elements. Adoption and input costs, energy costs and circulation of these technologies can maintenance and operating costs be limited by a number of other which can develop a company’s obstacles. Some may be institutional competitive position like the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework, and others can • Environmental image: adoption of be technological, financial, political, green technology can enhance a cultural or legal in nature. Besides, company’s environmental reputation from company’s view, the barriers to which is essential if other rivals and adopting green technology are high consumers are becoming more implementing costs, lack of data and environmentally conscious. information, no or lack of alternative chemical or raw material inputs, • Ability to meet more stringent uncertainty regarding performance environmental regulations in the impacts, lack of human resources future: companies which invest in and finally, lack of skilled personnel. green technology are more likely to In addition, overcoming these be better equipped and ready for barriers is a complicated process. rigid environmental regulations as Promoting green growth needs well as commodity specifications

www.ijsea.com 280 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) which are expected to be imposed on places of the earth. As an example, them in the future. wave energy can only be made use of if the waves from the sea attain at the 8. Advantages of Green Processes least 16 feet. The utilization of and Technology geothermal energy only works in 1. Does not release anything geologically unstable areas of the detrimental into atmosphere planet. But if we look at these kinds of arguments, areas that can't utilize 2. Bring economic profits to certain one method of green energy source areas could be replaced for another.

3. Need less maintenance If wind generators demand more room or space, they could be set up 4. It is renewable which means will in the proximity of the coastline never run out instead of positioning these on land. 5. Slow the impacts of global A study reveals you could get more warming by reducing CO2 emissions electric power while these happen to be in the sea. As the weather is The advantage of using green energy something we are not able to sources is that it must be clean regulate, it is far from every day that therefore there is no discharge or there's a weather disruption so this damage into the environment or too shall pass. If solar energy is atmosphere. Besides, it is also being utilized and the sun is covered, replenishable in contrast to oil. In the emergency generators will be addition, green energy facilities are stimulated and utilize up the power difficult on the pocketbook to build, that was saved. Presently there exist it demands a lesser amount of ways around the misunderstandings upkeep thus it lacks to spend some put by a number of people which huge cash to work it. Moreover, this discourage the usage of green energy may also create economic sources. advantages to some particular areas and even develop tourism industry. In truth, research is constant to try to Even while these seem excellent, use other means to generate the there are a few who believe there electrical power we need. A good exists profits to use such technology. example of this is known as ocean thermal energy. Energy is created by Establishing these facilities harnessing the diverse temperatures additionally needs plenty of land so within the water. It is now being we might have to cut on farmland employed on a small scale both in which explains what many are Japan and Hawaii. In America, only worried about if more wind 7% of green energy sources are used generators have to be set up. A across the country. This was much second negative aspect is the fact higher 11 years ago and if we don’t many of the green energy sources are limited to the money necessary cannot really be installed in specific www.ijsea.com 281 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) for oil or even reduce our 9.1. Initial Costs dependency on it, we must invest more in this clean energy. We can Perhaps the greatest disadvantage of get it from green energy sources such going green is that it often requires a as biomass, biodiesel, geothermal, large initial cost. For example, solar, water and the wind. These are installing a new roof or new things just about everyone has insulation to keep heat from escaping around us and all it takes is for your home would be considered a another person to harness it as a green home improvement, but it substitute for depending on would cost a large sum of money to traditional nonrenewable means to get the work done. Similarly, buying turn out energy (Sanjukta Banerjee et a hybrid vehicle that gets good gas al., 2014). mileage can reduce energy consumption, but hybrid vehicles often cost many thousands of dollars 9. Disadvantages of Green more than similar vehicles without Processes and Technology hybrid technology. Upfront costs present a large deterrent to going Green processes and technology green. refers to making efforts to improve energy efficiency or reduce the 9.2. Inadequate Savings pollution produced by your home, business and general living habits. The aim of going green in many The main purpose of this kind of cases, such as building an energy- processes and technology is to efficient home or purchasing a reduce the potential negative impact hybrid vehicle, is to reduce that energy consumption and environmental impact while saving pollution can have on the money in the long term. Green environment. While environmentally buildings and vehicles tend to use friendly living is a positive ideal, less energy, so initial costs can often there are several possible be recouped over time through disadvantages of Green processes energy savings. The problem is that and technology such as: high the savings generated by going green implementing costs, lack of are often less than expected; they do information, no known alternative not make up for the initial cost chemical or raw material inputs, no quickly enough to make them known alternative process economically viable. technology, uncertainty about 9.3. Competition performance impacts, and lack of human resources and skills (Recent In the business world, going green Research in Science and Technology can be an attractive goal to gain 2014, 6(1): 97-100 ISSN: 2076-5061 goodwill and consumer support, but Available Online: http://recent- unless green improvements are science.com). economically viable, it can put a

www.ijsea.com 282 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) business at a competitive business customers, if it is illustrate a disadvantage. For instance, if one return on investment in green company decides to adhere to strict, products, then request will self-imposed pollution standards materialize. The greatest which require the installation of new opportunities are in commodities technology and workers, while which decrease energy consumption. another sets loose standards, the Even so, a growing number of second company will be at an business purchasers can be expected advantage since they will have lower to be motivated by nothing more production costs. Even if national than the desire to be perceived as standards were imposed to force supporting environmental businesses to go green, this could put sustainability. Thus, change is them at a competitive disadvantage coming. The green in technology with respect to foreign companies. products is being installed in the R&D phase. Products are being 9.4. Marginal Impact reconfigured to use fewer hazardous While going green is focused on substances, require less shipping reducing harm to the environment, material, operate on less energy and the impact that any specific promote end-of-life recycling. So in individual can have on the terms of environmental environment by going green is often sustainability, the technology negligible. The theory is that if industries are embracing change. everyone were to go green, it would They are changing to avoid negative have a significant and noticeable consequences or to meet green impact, but not everyone can be demand or to achieve both. Whatever convinced to go green and many their motivation, they are believe that doing so has no real incontrovertibly shifting toward impact outside of the economics. green. This makes going green a personal 11. References choice for many, which does not necessarily result in concrete Al-Ali, A. R., Imran Zualkernan, and economic or environmental benefits Fadi Aloul. "A mobile GPRS-sensors (https://www.sapling.com/6182126/d array for air pollution monitoring." isadvantages-going-green). Sensors Journal, IEEE 10.10 (2010): 1666-1671. 10. Conclusion Bako-Biro, Zsolt. Human perception, Consumers request for green SBS symptoms and performance of technology productions is on sharp office work during exposure to air increase. Besides, government polluted by building materials and consumers are highly mandated to personal computers. Diss. purchase green where is available, Department for Mechanical and the spectrum of the products by Engineering, Technical University of such provisions is on the rise. As for Denmark, 2004. www.ijsea.com 283 International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online)

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