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A/521063

A Dena'ina Legacy K'tl'egh'i Sukdu

The Collected Writings of

edited by , Native Language Center Alan Boraas, College

Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska Fairbanks 1991 CONTENTS Illustrations and Maps xii Foreword by Dell Hymes xiv Preface to the 2001 Edition xviii Acknowledgments xxiii Writing at the Archaic Periphery xxvi The Dena'ina Alphabet xxxv

Unhtsah — Prelude 0.1 Tatin Ch'ittant Hsukt'a — Polly Creek Story 2 0.2 Hqeldihch' —Education 6

Chapter 1, Nanittu K'ech'elyuyi Sukdu — Stories of Our Beliefs 1.1 Suk Dena'ina K' ech' Qulyuhch' lu — The Old Dena'ina Beliefs 12 1.2 El'ekna Egh Ch'u Guna Hdi Gashaq It — About Shamans and the Men With Gashaq 18 1.3 Gashaq Ch'u Kit — Gashaq and the Man 20 1.4 El'egen Ch'u Gashaq Sukdu The Story of the Evil Shaman and Gashaq 22 1.5 Hkut' K'et'anen Sukt'a — A Doctor's Story 26 1.6 Qatsitsixen Ch'u Hkut' K'et'anen — The Dreamer and the Doctor 28 1.7 Dghili Dnayi — The Mountain People 30 1.8 Dghiliq'Ch'k'dituk'na — The Ones Who Skied Down the Mountain 32 1.9 Huk'del'egen Kit — The Young Man Who Pretended to Be a Shaman 36 Contents

1.10 K'eten It Ch'qghe'uyi Ch'u K'ech'eltani — Beliefs in Things a Person Can See and in Things a Person Cannot See 40 1.11 Ki Dena'ina K'ech' Qulyuch' Lu — More Dena'ina Beliefs 46 1.12 Neli Qelch'eha — The Steambath Spirit 48 1.13 K'uch'qineshi Sukdu I — Supernatural Story I 52 1.14 K'uch'qineshi Sukdu II — Supernatural Story II 54 1.15 K'uch'qineshi Sukdu III — Supernatural Story III 56 1.16 K'uch'qineshi Ninya Egh — About a Supernatural Animal..60 1.17 Ch'enlahi Sukdu — The Gambling Story 62 1.18 Nutiha Ch'enlahi K'elik'a — Two Gambling Songs 68

Chapter 2, Ninya Sukdu — Animal Stories 2.1 Eynik'delnish — Imagination 72 2.2 Unhtsah Ninya Nitteh Hja'idatl' — When the Animals Divided Into Pairs 78 2.3 Ggugguyni Sukt'a — Raven Story 82 2.4 Ggugguyni Ch'u Q'ezhch'en Quht'ana — Raven and the Half-Human 88 2.5 Ggugguyni Ch'u Nut'aq'i — Raven and the Geese 92 2.6 Ggugguyni, Gizha, Tatsilt'ana #1 — Raven, Camprobber, and Dipper #1 98 2.7 Ggugguyni, Gizha, Tatsilt'ana Sukdu Beghun #2 — Raven, Camprobber, and Dipper #2, The Rest of the Story 104 2.8 Ggugguyni Ch'u Gizha — Raven and Camprobber 108 2.9 Qanchi Ch'u K'nuy'a Sukdu #1 — Porcupine and Beaver #1 110 2.10 Qanchi Ch'u K'nuy'a Yunch'dich'en — Porcupine and Beaver On The Other Side 112 2.11 Dnigi Ch'u Qanchi — Moose and Porcupine 116 2.12 Kazhna Sukt'a — Lynx Story 120 2.13 Kazhna Ch'u Yes Hughen'u — Lynx and Wolverine 122 2.14 Kit Ch'u Ahlut — The Boy and the Killer Whale 126 2.15 GgaggaEzlana — The Ones Who Turned Into Bears 130

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2.16 Lik'a Sukdu — Dog Story 132 2.17 Ggaggashla Ush Dughelak — When the Birds Made Snowshoes 140 2.18 Delggema Ch'u Q'ahtal'uya — Ptarmigan and Magpie 142 2.19 Kit Ch'u Dujemi — The Man and the Loon 144 2.20 Tsik'ezlagh — Golden-Crowned Sparrow 150

Chapter 3, K'eghuch'edniyi Sukdu — Lesson Stories 3.1 K'eta Sukdu — The Mouse Story 154 3.2 Unhtsah Dena'ina Ninendincheden — The First Dena'ina Lawmaker 160 3.3 Tuq'ina Lach'q'u Nittu — Three People in Search of Truth 164 3.4 K'isen Hultsanen — The Woman Who Was Fasting 168 3.5 K'in'an — Shame 170 3.6 Gin En'ushen Sukt'a — An Old Man's Story 174 3.7 Betukda Qulen Kit — The Boy Who Had No Father 178 3.8 Qeyet K'eghutnihi — A Lesson 182 3.9 Ch'anik'en Lik'ach' Qghenagen — The Boy Who Talked to the Dog 184 3.10 Tiduhhnaghelggaden Kit— The Boy Whose Words Turned Against Himself 186 3.11 Ki Ch'qinaghetnik'en Kit — Another Stupid Boy 188 3.12 Ch'qinaghetnik'en Hnatnunen — The Stupid Boy Who Succeeded 190 3.13 Shqit Quht'anaka — The Big Man at Shqit 192 3.14 Qichishla Ch'u Ggagga Sukdu — The Little Old Lady and the Brown Bear 196

Chapter 4, Luq'u Suk Dena'ina Egh—About the Old Dena'ina Life 4.1 Luq'u Suk Dena'ina Egh — About the Old Dena'ina Life..202 4.2 Dena'ina Qulchitch' — The Dena'ina Clans 204 4.3 Qetitl' Qwa — The Little Potlatch 206 4.4 Dena'ina Hugh Qeghdutnuhch' How the Dena'ina Supported Themselves 208 4.5 Qezdaghnen Hdults'ihts' — How They Lived at Kustatan .212

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4.6 Qunqelashi Quggit —The Spruce-root Fish Snare 214 4.7 Ush Duch'elashi — Making Snowshoes 216 4.8 Neli Ch'u Nutnelyahi Qudulyi — Steambath and Plant Medicine 218 4.9 Hey Gek'a — Lowbush Cranberries 220 4.10 Qes Hk'u — A Cold Cure 222 4.11 Chet Yik'hghelik — How They Steamed Wood 226 4.12 Lik'aha Niqghelikch' — How They Trained Dogs 228 4.13 Qutsaghet'iBaydalgi —The Sealskin Boat 232 4.14 Nutiha Dena'ina K'q'ak'elik'a — Two Dena'ina Love Songs 234

Chapter 5, Dena'ina Qghelahch' — The Way the People Were 5.1 Shihbet' Ch'u Beqatl'natkesa — Shihbet' and Beqatl'natkesa 238 5.2 Tatin Ch'ittant Qatsinitsexen — The One Who Dreamed at Polly Creek 240 5.3 Baqtlaghaq Dghuni — Baqtlaghaq the Warrior 242 5.4 Gujun Sukdu — The Story of Gujun 244 5.5 Unhshcheyakda Sukt'a — My Great-Great-Grandfather's Story 248 5.6 Qadanalchen K'elik'a — Qadanalchen's Song 252 5.7 Shcheyakda K'undet Egh — About Starvation in My Grandfather's Time 254 5.8 Gun Tahdna Sukt'a — The Russian's Story 256 5.9 Kahtnu Dena'ina Egh, Part 1 — About the Kenai Dena'ina, Part 1 260 5.10 Kahtnu Dena'ina Egh, Part 2 — About the Kenai Dena'ina, Part 2 262 5.11 Qeljaq'i — Big Eater 266 5.12 Tiduqilts'ett — Disaster Place 270 5.13 Uh —Fern Roots 272 5.14 Quht'anaCh'a'il'edzen — The Man Who Went Away From the Tribe 274 5.15 Qezdaghetna — The Kustatan People - A Hunting Story.... 276 5.16 Nick Sacaloff Sukt'a —Nick Sacaloff's Story 278

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5.17 Besi Ch'u Sergey— The Great Horned Owl and Sergey 282 5.18 K'izhi — Names 284 5.19 Introduction to The Kustatan Bear 287 5.20 Qezdaghnen Ggagga — The Kustatan Bear 290 5.21 Qezdaghnen Ggagga Beghun — The Other Half of the Kustatan Bear 302

Chapter 6, Kahtnuht'ana Etnena H'izhi — Place Names of the Kenai People's Country 6.1 Yaghatna — Good Land People 310 6.2 Directions and Winds 311 6.3 Tatin T'et'anen — The Whale Hunter 312 6.4 Ch'aduch' Q'anqghudnish — How They Boated Around ...314 '6.5 Ggasilat — Kasilof 318 6.6 Tach'dnach'ninchett — Where Someone Shoved a Person Under Water 320 6.7 Tuqeyankdat — Bad Clearing 322 6.8 Susitnu Dghili Egh — About Susitnu Mountain 324 6.9 Qayeh Qilchinch' —How the Country Looks 328 6.10 Guduh K'uhu Ghel'ih — Where I Trapped 330 6.11 Dena'ina Place Names on the Kenai Peninsula 338

Chapter 7, Shi Sukt'a Ch'u Q'udi Nhdalnench' — My Life Story and Recent Events 7.1 Ginihdi Shi Sukt'a — This is My Life Story 356 7.2 Luq'a Ch'k'ezdelghayi — Putting Up Fish 362 7.3 K'nuy'a Uquch'el'ani — Beaver Trapping 364 7.4 Qunshi Uquch'el'ani — Beluga Hunting 366 7.5 Dnigi Uquch'el'ani— Moose Hunting 368 7.6 Ida It Shtuch'nidatl' — My Friend and I Went Hunting 370 7.7 George Ch'u Shi — George and 1 372 7.8 The 1972 Potlatch 374 7.9 1974 Tik'teh Qayeh Htitl' — 1974 Wildwood Transfer Ceremony 378 7.10 Qiz'in — Clams 380

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7.11 Letter to Jim Kari 382 7.12 Remarks at Captain Cook Commemorative Lecture Series . 384 7.13 Californiah Q'anghgheshneshch' — Traveling in California 386 7.14 1979 Qetitl' — The 1979 Potlatch 404 7.15 El'anch'- 1984 — What I'm Doing - 1984 410

Chapter 8, Kahtnuht'ana Qenaga Dazdluch' — Kenai People's Language Patterns Translations 8.1 Naq'eltanich' Bahdach'dnelneshi — The Lord's Prayer (Literal translation) 414 8.2 Troparion — An Orthodox Hymn 416 8.3 Bahdach'dnelneshi Bequsilna Nittu — Prayer for the Dead 418 8.4 Dena'ina I'un'i — A Dena'ina Weather Report 421 8.5 Alaska's Flag 422 8.6 Dek'nesh'uhch'— Pledge of Allegiance 423 8.7 Duch'qidedquhi Ni'u Ch'u Jan — Holiday Months and Holidays 424 Neologisms 8.8 Tik'teh Qayeh — Wildwood Village 426 8.9 Hnu Hna — Words for Jobs 428 8.10 Mashina — Engines 430 8.11 Duyeq Ina — Chiefs 431 Language Lessons, Songs, and Poems 8.12 K'Sound 432 8.13 H Sound 433 8.14 G and GG Sounds 434 8.15 Calling 436 8.16 Hear 438 8.17 Work 440 8.18 Packing 441 8.19 Work For You, Me, Another 442 8.20 Dump and Pour 444 8.21 Pour Into 445 Contents

8.22 Ch'k'eljeshi, Dancing 446 8.23 Flirting 448 8.24 Shegh Ninyu — You Came to Me 449 8.25 Lagu — I Wonder 450 8.26 Gundi Hk'ut'entul'it — This One is Your Doctor 452 8.27 K'ghuynisdi Ch'aduch' Lagu — Thought: How it May Be 454 8.28 Ghu K'ghuynisdi Egh — The Work of the Mind 456 8.29 Dgheni — He Said 460 8.30 Luq'u Htunat — They Will All Go 462 8.31 Hqetitl' K'elik'a Ch'tunik'nasdzeden — Potlatch Song of a Lonely Man 466

Peter Kalifornsky: A Biography 470 References 482 Kalifornskyana 487

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