Mass Central Rail Trail Feasibility Study I-495 Hudson to Belchertown

Segment 1—Belchertown to Bondsville (Palmer)

March 2021 Mass Central Rail Trail Feasibility Study I-495 Hudson to Belchertown Acknowledgements The preparation of this report has been funded in part through grant[s] from the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, under the State Planning and Research Program, Section 505 of Title 23, U.S. Code. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Segment 1—Belchertown to Bondsville (Palmer)

Background Study Tasks

The Massachusetts Central Railroad (MCRR) originally ran from Boston west 104 miles to Northampton. The vision MassDOT and DCR determined that the logical and appropriate first step for this feasibility study would be for the Mass Central Rail Trail (MCRT) is to convert as much of the original 104-mile rail corridor as possible to an complete the following tasks: east-west, off-road, shared use path/greenway connecting Northampton to Boston. » Locate the original MCRR right-of-way (railbed) and assess the existing condition of the corridor The MCRT has been identified as a high priority for the Commonwealth’s trail and greenway system in numerous » Locate adjacent intersecting trails that have been built or are in the planning/design stages visions and statewide planning documents, including the Massachusetts Department of Transportation’s (MassDOT’s) statewide Bike and Pedestrian Plans, the Department of Conservation & Recreation’s (DCR’s) » Verify ownership of the MCRR corridor Commonwealth Connections, and various local and regional plans. » Verify current use of railbed as intact, existing trail, active RR, inactive RR, other

Approximately 55 miles of undeveloped segments along the MCRR corridor are currently in public, private or » Identify potential alternate trail routes around constrained sections for further evaluation conservation ownership. Approximately 33 miles of this trail have already been constructed as off-road, multi-use greenways. An additional 22 miles of former railroad corridor are owned by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) and leased by DCR between Coburn Road in Berlin and Linden Street in Waltham. This 22-mile Project Location & Limits corridor is in varying stages of planning, design and construction by the municipalities, DCR and Eversource Energy The preferred MCRT alignment is along the former railbed from eastern terminus of the Norwottuck Rail Trail in to develop the 10-foot wide, paved MCRT. Belchertown to the Interstate 495 overpass in Berlin. Some segments of the MCRT between these project limits have previously been converted to a rail trail and are currently open to the public. For purposes of this feasibility study, it is assumed that the length of the study corridor is approximately 50 miles long and that the proposed Study Purpose MCRT Alignment Alternatives in this study will connect to the existing completed trail segments. Evaluation and The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) Office of Transportation Planning initiated efforts to review of the existing completed segments are not included in this study. develop a feasibility study to complete the construction of the MCRT as an off-road shared-use path along the original MCRR corridor from the I-495 area in Hudson to the existing terminus of the Norwottuck Rail Trail in This study divides the MCRT analysis into three segments, described as follows: Belchertown. The current ownership, condition and existing use of the original MCRR corridor varies greatly from » Segment 1 - MCRT at easternmost extent of Norwottuck Rail Trail, Belchertown to MCRR corridor at Swift Hudson to Belchertown. Some sections have been converted to a shared-use path; some sections are in public River (east bank), Bondsville (Palmer) ownership with an intact railbed. Other sections are active railroads while still others are now in private ownership and the original railbed has been obliterated or converted to different uses. » Segment 2 - MCRR at Swift River, Bondsville (Palmer) to westernmost extent of the MCRT at the Ware River, Barre For the sections that have been converted to a shared-use path, the rail trail was constructed along the original » Segment 3 - MCRT at Glenwood Road, Rutland to MCRR at Stone Road, Berlin, just east of the I-495 MCRR railbed. Signage identifying those sections as the MCRT were installed. Other sections of path were built in underpass, Berlin/Hudson town line locations that deviate from the original MCRR corridor or were built along different former railroad corridors; many of these trails have also been identified as the MCRT. Each segment is broken down into sections with a general description of existing conditions, potential trail option and a rating of difficulty of implementation from low difficulty to high difficulty. A summary matrix is included. Development and other changes along the original MCRR corridor that have taken place over the past century plus will most likely preclude construction of a shared-use path on the MCRR corridor over the entire length of the project corridor from Hudson to Belchertown. Minor diversions to off-road paths not on the MCRR corridor or use of on-road bikeways will most likely be needed in locations where the rail bed has been physically obliterated and a shared-use path is not a practical or feasible alternative.

1 Goodell Street. The possible alternative would follow Goodell Street and then Federal Street to the Segment 1—Summary of Proposed MCRT Location and southeast before rejoining the MCRR corridor south of Arcadia Lake.

Constrained Sections Alternate Routes Approximate Length: 2.76 miles The following potential alternative MCRT locations have been identified for Segment 1. Difficulty of Implementation: High (multiple owners, bridges missing, proximity to active railroad) Segment 1A: Norwottuck Rail Trail, Northampton to Warren Wright Road, Segment 1C: Federal Street, Belchertown to State Street, Belchertown (Map Belchertown (Map Pages 1-4) Pages 7-10) The Norwottuck Rail Trail is an existing portion of the MCRT. It extends along the former MCRR rail corridor from Woodmont Road in Northampton, through Hadley and Amherst to Warren Wright Road in Belchertown. The The Town of Belchertown owns most of the MCRR Corridor between Federal Street and State Street. There are only 11-mile, paved path has six parking areas and several picnic sites along its length. three parcels in this stretch in private ownership. The most substantial is north of Bay Road. North of State Street, the corridor is owned by NECR, but this includes the former MCRR corridor and it is relatively wide. The only potential recommendation for this existing, established section of MCRT is to utilize the ongoing maintenance plan and to have standard signing and marking for road crossings and trail identification for other The corridor appears to be substantially intact and some segments include unpaved pedestrian paths. There are sections of the MCRT. no signed or marked/designated crossings for these pathways at grade crossings, though the adjacent active rail crossings are marked and signalized. Note that the Town of Belchertown identifies the entire stretch of the MCRR corridor south from Federal Street as public lands in its 2015 Open Space and Recreation Map. Bridges from the Segment 1B: Warren Wright Road, Belchertown to Federal Street, original corridor are missing at Federal Street and George Hannum Street. Belchertown (Map Pages 4-7) State Street bridges over the NECR and MCRR corridors. This bridge was originally a double arch over both rail East of Warren Wright Road, the original MCRR corridor is intact, but in private ownership. The original MCRR lines, but the current bridge closed off the original MCRR passage. A service road still exists next to the NECR corridor parallels the New England Central Railroad (NECR) Corridor between Warren Wright Road and Wilson tracks beneath the bridge. Road, but the two diverge just east of this point. Ownership data shows that the original corridor exists either side of Wilson Road in two long parcels, but east of this point the corridor has been carved up into multiple and Possible Options: diverse private ownership although the MCRR railbed physically exists. A bridge has been removed at Federal » Street and others may be missing elsewhere along the original corridor route. Some structures appear to have A potential route for this section would be to create a rail-to-trail along this entire length, negotiating been constructed on the original right-of-way. In the vicinity of Lake Holland and Arcadia Lake, portions of the access through the few private parcels. A rail-with-trail would need to be created near the State Street corridor appear to now be occupied by private roadways (Grela Terrace, Lake Drive). At Arcadia Lake, the former bridge, adjacent to the active NECR, and land would need to be purchased from NECR or an easement MCRR corridor rejoins the NECR corridor. established. Existing unpaved segments of footpaths would be formalized, and at-grade crossings should be clearly signed and marked, considering sight distance difficulties on some of the smaller roads. At At the south end of Arcadia Lake, adjacent to Town Beach Road, the MCRR corridor comes into public ownership Federal Street, a grade crossing may need to be established, but this depends on the manner of MCRT (Town of Belchertown) and originally bridged over the NECR to continue southward on the eastern side of the connection further north. co-joined corridor. Historic aerial photographs indicate that the MCRR bridged over Federal Street. Both of these Approximate Length: 2.66 miles bridges have been removed.

Difficulty of Implementation: Low (Corridor intact, some right-of-way needed) Possible Options:

» The lengthy areas in diverse private ownership dictate that an alternate route will likely be necessary for this section. Co-locating a rail-with-trail within the NECR Right-of-way is likely not an option both because of active use and narrow cross sections. A possible alternate route may be to establish a rail-to- trail along the former corridor east from Warren Wright Road, and then negotiating access through to

2 Segment 1D: State Street, Belchertown to Franklin Street (State Route 181), Possible Options: Belchertown (Map Pages 10-15) » A potential option for this section is to create a rail-to-trail along the former MCRR corridor. The current presence of pedestrian footpaths suggests that agreements for public access may already be in place NECR owns the former MCRR corridor south of State Street for approximately 3,060 feet. The corridor appears with some private landowners. If these do not exist with other owners, it would be advantageous and intact and it is not in active rail use. A paved service road has been established, although it is difficult to discern if most direct to complete the path along the original corridor alignment. The path will need to be formally this is used and for what purpose. designed as a full-width corridor, including appropriate marked crossings and signage, and trail identification signage. South of Springfield Road, the corridor is intact an owned by the Town of Belchertown. It continues in parallel to » the NECR corridor southward for approximately 1.5 mi before the MCRR diverges to the southeast. If a rail-to-trail is not feasible along this privately-owned section of the former corridor, a potential alternate route could utilize the Depot Street (State Route 181) or State Street/River Street bridge As with the corridor to the north, there are areas with established pedestrian paths. These are also not marked crossings of the Swift River and then the Franklin Street to connect to the publicly-owned section of the with signage or crosswalks at grade crossings. An existing timber trestle bridge in good condition carries the MCRR corridor. MCRR over Jabish Brook, though the railroad tie bridge decking is in poor condition. Approximate Length: 1.61 miles

At Franklin Street (State Route 181), the corridor is a well-established pedestrian path. No designated signage or Difficulty of Implementation: Moderate (Corridor intact, right-of-way needed) crossing exist at this location.

Possible Options:

» The potential option for this section is to negotiate access to or purchase of land from NECR south of State Street and construction of a rail-with-trail path south to where the two rail corridors diverge. Beyond this point, the publicly-owned corridor can be formally designed as a rail-to-trail, including appropriate marked crossings and signage, and trail identification signage.

Approximate Length: 3.83 miles

Difficulty of Implementation: Low (Corridor intact, roadway crossing improvements)

Segment 1E: Franklin Street (State Route 181) to Swift River, Belchertown (Map Pages 15-17)

The corridor east of Franklin Street is in private ownership, however segments are already established as pedestrian pathways. These are shown on the Town of Belchertown Open Space and Recreation Map as public lands.

The only road crossing (other than Franklin Street) is Shea Avenue. At the Swift River, the Belchertown Land Trust owns the area at the former MCRR corridor crossing and areas north and south along the riverbanks. The bridge over the Swift River no longer exists. See the text description and map book for Segment 2 for information about the Bondsville (Palmer) side of the Swift River.

3 Massachusetts Central Railroad Corridor, Mass Central Rail Trail Feasibility Assessment Matrix Segment 1: Belchertown, MA to Palmer, MA

Map Segment Section Town Limits Pages Length Project Type MCRR On/Off Corridor Roadway Crossings RR Grade Xings Needed Bridges ROW Actions Wetlands Habitat Water Supply Comments Implementation Difficulty

1 1A Amherst, Existing Pp. 1-4 11 miles Existing trail ON NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Existing MCRT. All crossings should be NA Belchertown Norwottuck Rail uniformly signed and marked, along west of Warren- with standard MCRT trail identification Wright Road signage.

1 1B Belchertown Warren Wright Rd Pp. 4-7 2.76 miles Rail-to-trail; On On and 3 1 0 Possible strip NA NHESP* associated N Multiple owners, Area of Critical High to Federal St road Off takings along with Hop Brook Environmental Conern narrow roads

1 1C Belchertown Federal Street to Pp. 7-10 2.6 miles Rail-to-Trail; Rail- On 3 0 1 Access needed Some located NA NA Corridor generally intact and in public Low State Street on rail with-Trail through several between Jackson ownership. Several private parcels corridor private parcels; Street and State (including active portion of NECR) and on- Access needed Street require access. Several road crossings road through NECRR and bridges needed. property near State Street

1 1D Belchertown State Street to Pp. 10-15 3.8 miles Rail-with-Trail; Rail- On 3 0 1 Access needed Some located in NHESP associated with One wellhead Corridor generally intact and in public Low Franklin Street to-Trail through NECR vicinity of Jabish Canal and protection area near ownership. Access needed through property from State Springfield Road Jabish Brook North Washington NECR property near State Street. Street to Springfield and south of Jabish Street intersection Several road crossings needed. Road Canal with MCRR corridor

1 1E Belchertown, Franklin Street, Pp. 15-17 1.6 miles Rail-to-Trail On 2 0 2 Access needed Some located NA NA Full length of corridor is private, but Moderate Palmer Belchertown to almost entirely northwest of Shea corridor appears intact. New bridges Griffin Street, through private Avenue needed at Swift River (2 bridges, one Palmer parcels for main channel and one for adjacent canal and over Main Street).

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