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Desulfuribacillus Alkaliarsenatis Gen. Nov. Sp. Nov., a Deep-Lineage
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Extremophiles (2012) 16:597–605 DOI 10.1007/s00792-012-0459-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Desulfuribacillus alkaliarsenatis gen. nov. sp. nov., a deep-lineage, obligately anaerobic, dissimilatory sulfur and arsenate-reducing, haloalkaliphilic representative of the order Bacillales from soda lakes D. Y. Sorokin • T. P. Tourova • M. V. Sukhacheva • G. Muyzer Received: 10 February 2012 / Accepted: 3 May 2012 / Published online: 24 May 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract An anaerobic enrichment culture inoculated possible within a pH range from 9 to 10.5 (optimum at pH with a sample of sediments from soda lakes of the Kulunda 10) and a salt concentration at pH 10 from 0.2 to 2 M total Steppe with elemental sulfur as electron acceptor and for- Na? (optimum at 0.6 M). According to the phylogenetic mate as electron donor at pH 10 and moderate salinity analysis, strain AHT28 represents a deep independent inoculated with sediments from soda lakes in Kulunda lineage within the order Bacillales with a maximum of Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in the domination of a 90 % 16S rRNA gene similarity to its closest cultured Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium strain AHT28. representatives. On the basis of its distinct phenotype and The isolate is an obligate anaerobe capable of respiratory phylogeny, the novel haloalkaliphilic anaerobe is suggested growth using elemental sulfur, thiosulfate (incomplete as a new genus and species, Desulfuribacillus alkaliar- T T reduction) and arsenate as electron acceptor with H2, for- senatis (type strain AHT28 = DSM24608 = UNIQEM mate, pyruvate and lactate as electron donor. -
Genetic Disequilibria and the Interpretation of Population Genetic Structure in Daphnia
Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 668 _____________________________ _____________________________ Genetic Disequilibria and the Interpretation of Population Genetic Structure in Daphnia BY LARS M. BERG ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2001 Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conservation Biology presented at Uppsala University in 2001. ABSTRACT Berg, L. M. 2001. Genetic disequilibria and the interpretation of population genetic structure in Daphnia. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 668. 36 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5152-7. Understanding the processes that shape the spatial distribution of genetic variation within species is cent- ral to the evolutionary study of diversification and demography. Neutral genetic variation reflects past demographic events as well as current demographic characteristics of populations, and the correct inter- pretation of genetic data requires that the relative impact of these forces can be identified. Details of breeding systems can affect the genetic structure through effects on effective migration rate or on effect- ive population size. Restrictions in recombination rate lead to associations between neutral marker genes and genes under natural selection. Although the effects on genetic structure can be substantial, the pro- cess will often be difficult to tell apart from stochastic effects of history or genetic drift, which may sug- gest -
Ultrastructure and Development of Pasteuria Sp. (S-1 Strain), an Obligate Endoparasite of Belonolaimus Longicaudatus (Nemata: Tylenchida) R
Journal of Nematology 33(4):227–238. 2001. © The Society of Nematologists 2001. Ultrastructure and Development of Pasteuria sp. (S-1 strain), an Obligate Endoparasite of Belonolaimus longicaudatus (Nemata: Tylenchida) R. M. Giblin-Davis,1 D. S. Williams,2 W. P. Wergin,3 D. W. Dickson,4 T. E. Hewlett,4 S. Bekal,5 and J. O. Becker5 Abstract: Pasteuria sp., strain S-1, is a gram-positive, obligate endoparasitic bacterium that uses the phytoparasitic sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, as its host in Florida. The host attachment of S-1 appears to be specific to the genus Belonolaimus with development occurring only in juveniles and adults of B. longicaudatus. This bacterium is characterized from other described species of Pasteuria using ultrastructure of the mature endospore. Penetration, development, and sporogenesis were elucidated with TEM, LTSEM, and SEM and are similar to other nematode-specific Pasteuria. Recent analysis of 16S rDNA sequence homology confirms its congeneric ranking with other Pasteuria species and strains from nematodes and cladocerans, and corroborates ultrastructural, morphological, morphometric, and host-range evidence suggesting separate species status. Key words: Belonolaimus longicaudatus, development, obligate nematode endoparasitic bacterium, Pasteuria sp. (S-1 strain), sporo- genesis, sting nematode, ultrastructure. Investigators have identified four nominal species of al., 1989). Thus, traditional procedures for biochemical Pasteuria that are gram-positive, mycelial, endospore- characterization have not -
LTER Proposal
Project Summary The KBS LTER Site: Long-term Ecological Research in Row-crop Agriculture Project Summary In 1987 we initiated the KBS Long-term Ecological Research Project in Row-crop Agriculture to examine basic ecological relationships in field-crop ecosystems typical of the US Midwest. Our goal was – and remains – to test the long-term hypothesis that agronomic management based on knowledge of ecological interactions in cropping systems can effectively replace management based on chemical inputs. We established a major field experiment comprising 11 different cropping systems and unmanaged successional communities, corresponding to different levels and types of ecological structure and disturbance and including biologically-based and conventional agricultural management. Within these systems we test hypotheses related to the patterns and processes that underlie ecosystem productivity and environmental performance. Working hypotheses are built around the general topic areas of plant community dynamics, soil microbial populations, insect predator-prey relationships, watershed and field- scale biogeochemistry, human interactions, and regional ecological processes. Intellectual Merit: With this proposal we build on past work to formulate an integrated model of agricultural landscapes that thoroughly incorporates the interactions between human and natural systems. Our overarching theme for this next research phase is “Farming for ecosystem services in a changing environment,” reflecting our desire to understand the full suite of ecosystem services associated with agriculture, including mitigation of undesirable environmental impacts. We propose to focus on responses of the coupled human and natural systems to changing external drivers, including climate change, agricultural intensification (land use alterations), and shifts in global markets. We use a pulse-press disturbance model to delineate the biophysical interactions in agriculture that produce ecosystem services vis a vis human systems. -
Bacillus Penetrans and Related Parasites of Nematodes 1 R
Biocontrol: Bacillus penetrans and Related Parasites of Nematodes 1 R. M. Sayre 2 Abstract: Bacillus penetrans Mankau, 1975, previously described as Duboscqia penetrans Thorne 1940, is a candidate agent for biocontrol of nematodes. This review considers the life stages of this bacterium: vegetative growth phase, colony fragmentation, sporogenesis, soil phase, spore attachment, and penetration into larvae of root-knot nematodes. The morphology of the microthallus colonies and the unusual external features of the spore are discussed. Taxonomic affinities with the actinomycetes, particularly with the genus Pasteuria, are considered. Also dis- cussed are other soil bacterial species that are potential biocontrol agents. Products of their bacterial fermentation in soil are toxic to nematodes, making them effective biocontrol agents. Key Words: Duboscqia, Pasteuria ramosa, Pseudomonas denitrificans, Clostridium butyricum, DesulJovibrio desulJuricans, Bacillus thuringiensis, rickettsia. Nematodes and bacteria are two impor- tional data on two other bacterial parasites tant members of the total biota in soil of nematodes are presented briefly. The habitats. The diversity of the species, and second interaction, amensalism, considers their ubiquity and abundance in soils, for the inltibitory or antibiotic effect of some thousands o[ years have provided oppor- species of bacteria on species of plant- tunity for the evolution of intimate and parasitic nematodes. complex interactions between the two When Thorne (30) described Duboscqia groups of organisms. Theoretically, re- penetrans as a protozoan, he could not peated analysis of soil habitats for bacteria- have realized its bacterial nature because nematode interactions should reveal all of electron-microscope techniques were not the several possible interactions that could available to him, and the concept of the occur between the two species. -
Assessment of Parasite Virulence in a Natural Population of a Planktonic Crustacean Eevi Savola1,2 and Dieter Ebert1*
Savola and Ebert BMC Ecol (2019) 19:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-019-0230-3 BMC Ecology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Assessment of parasite virulence in a natural population of a planktonic crustacean Eevi Savola1,2 and Dieter Ebert1* Abstract Background: Understanding the impact of disease in natural populations requires an understanding of infection risk and the damage that parasites cause to their hosts ( virulence). However, because these disease traits are often studied and quantifed under controlled laboratory conditions= and with reference to healthy control hosts, we have little knowledge about how they play out in natural conditions. In the Daphnia–Pasteuria host–parasite system, feld assessments often show very low estimates of virulence, while controlled laboratory experiments indicate extremely high virulence. Results: To examine this discrepancy, we sampled Daphnia magna hosts from the feld during a parasite epidemic and recorded disease traits over a subsequent 3-week period in the laboratory. As predicted for chronic disease where infections in older (larger) hosts are also, on average, older, we found that larger D. magna females were infected more often, had fewer ofspring prior to the onset of castration and showed signs of infection sooner than smaller hosts. Also consistent with laboratory experiments, infected animals were found in both sexes and in all sizes of hosts. Infected females were castrated at capture or became castrated soon after. As most females in the feld carried no eggs in their brood pouch at the time of sampling, virulence estimates of infected females relative to uninfected females were low. However, with improved feeding conditions in the laboratory, only uninfected females resumed reproduction, resulting in very high relative virulence estimates. -
Microbial Community Composition During Degradation of Organic Matter
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Lehrstuhl für Bodenökologie Microbial community composition during degradation of organic matter Stefanie Elisabeth Wallisch Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. A. Göttlein Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Hon.-Prof. Dr. M. Schloter 2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. S. Scherer Die Dissertation wurde am 14.04.2015 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt am 03.08.2015 angenommen. Table of contents List of figures .................................................................................................................... iv List of tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. vii List of publications and contributions .............................................................................. viii Publications in peer-reviewed journals .................................................................................... viii My contributions to the publications ....................................................................................... viii Abstract -
A Transcriptomic Snapshot of Early Molecular Communication Between Pasteuria Penetrans and Meloidogyne Incognita Victor Phani1, Vishal S
Phani et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:850 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5230-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A transcriptomic snapshot of early molecular communication between Pasteuria penetrans and Meloidogyne incognita Victor Phani1, Vishal S. Somvanshi1, Rohit N. Shukla2, Keith G. Davies3,4* and Uma Rao1* Abstract Background: Southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919), Chitwood, 1949 is a key pest of agricultural crops. Pasteuria penetrans is a hyperparasitic bacterium capable of suppressing the nematode reproduction, and represents a typical coevolved pathogen-hyperparasite system. Attachment of Pasteuria endospores to the cuticle of second-stage nematode juveniles is the first and pivotal step in the bacterial infection. RNA-Seq was used to understand the early transcriptional response of the root-knot nematode at 8 h post Pasteuria endospore attachment. Results: A total of 52,485 transcripts were assembled from the high quality (HQ) reads, out of which 582 transcripts were found differentially expressed in the Pasteuria endospore encumbered J2 s, of which 229 were up-regulated and 353 were down-regulated. Pasteuria infection caused a suppression of the protein synthesis machinery of the nematode. Several of the differentially expressed transcripts were putatively involved in nematode innate immunity, signaling, stress responses, endospore attachment process and post-attachment behavioral modification of the juveniles. The expression profiles of fifteen selected transcripts were validated to be true by the qRT PCR. RNAi based silencing of transcripts coding for fructose bisphosphate aldolase and glucosyl transferase caused a reduction in endospore attachment as compared to the controls, whereas, silencing of aspartic protease and ubiquitin coding transcripts resulted in higher incidence of endospore attachment on the nematode cuticle. -
<I>Heterodera Glycines</I> Ichinohe
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture Agronomy and Horticulture Department Summer 8-5-2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Perez-Hernandez University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Perez-Hernandez, Oscar, "MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA" (2013). Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture. 65. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA by Oscar Pérez-Hernández A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Agronomy (Plant Pathology) Under the Supervision of Professor Loren J. Giesler Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Pérez-Hernández, Ph.D. -
Bacterial Degradation of Isoprene in the Terrestrial Environment Myriam
Bacterial Degradation of Isoprene in the Terrestrial Environment Myriam El Khawand A thesis submitted to the University of East Anglia in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Environmental Sciences November 2014 ©This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derive there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract Isoprene is a climate active gas emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources in quantities equivalent to the global methane flux to the atmosphere. 90 % of the emitted isoprene is produced enzymatically in the chloroplast of terrestrial plants from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate via the methylerythritol pathway. The main role of isoprene emission by plants is to reduce the damage caused by heat stress through stabilizing cellular membranes. Isoprene emission from microbes, animals, and humans has also been reported, albeit less understood than isoprene emission from plants. Despite large emissions, isoprene is present at low concentrations in the atmosphere due to its rapid reactions with other atmospheric components, such as hydroxyl radicals. Isoprene can extend the lifetime of potent greenhouse gases, influence the tropospheric concentrations of ozone, and induce the formation of secondary organic aerosols. While substantial knowledge exists about isoprene production and atmospheric chemistry, our knowledge of isoprene sinks is limited. Soils consume isoprene at a high rate and contain numerous isoprene-utilizing bacteria. However, Rhodococcus sp. AD45 is the only terrestrial isoprene-degrading bacterium characterized in any detail. -
Pasteuria Nishizawae – Pn1 (016455) Fact Sheet
Pasteuria nishizawae – Pn1 (016455) Fact Sheet Summary Pasteuria, a genus of bacteria, includes several species that have shown potential in controlling plant- parasitic nematodes that attack and cause significant damage to many valuable agricultural crops. These gram-positive, mycelial, endospore-forming bacteria are mainly obligate parasites (i.e., organisms that depend on particular hosts to complete their own life cycle) of nematodes, although one species, Pasteuria ramosa, is known to parasitize water fleas. Pasteuria species are ubiquitous in most environments and are found in nematodes in at least 80 countries on 5 continents, as well as on islands in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. In light of the demonstrated nematicidal capabilities and host specificity of Pasteuria nishizawae – Pn1, Pasteuria Bioscience, Inc. proposed to register a manufacturing-use pesticide product, Soyacyst Tech, and two end-use pesticide products, Soyacyst Tech+ and Soyacyst LF, containing this bacterium. Soyacyst Tech+ and Soyacyst LF will be applied to soybean or its seed to control the soybean cyst nematode. Use of Pasteuria nishizawae – Pn1 as a nematicide and in accordance with label directions is not expected to cause any unreasonable adverse effects on human health or the environment. I. Description of the Active Ingredient Pasteuria nishizawae – Pn1 was isolated from an Illinois soybean field in the mid-2000s. Although endospores of Pasteuria nishizawae have been observed to attach to the cuticle of three nematodes of the genus Heterodera and one nematode of the genus Globodera, it is known only to infect and complete its life cycle within the female soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). -
A Mathematic Model for the Interaction Between Meloidogyne Spp. and Pasteuria Penetrans
Rev. Protección Veg. Vol. 29 No. 2 (2014): 145-149 TECHNICAL NOTE A mathematic model for the interaction between Meloidogyne spp. and Pasteuria penetrans Ileana MirandaI, Lucila GómezI, Hugo L. BenítezII, Yoannia CastilloII, Dainé Hernández-OchandíaI, Mayra G. RodríguezI I Dirección Sanidad Vegetal y II Dirección de Ciencia, Innovación y Postgrado. Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apartado 10, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba. Email: [email protected]. ABSTRACT: Some aspects of Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematode) growth regulation by the gram- negative bacterium Pasteuria penetrans were reviewed. The study allowed the construction of a mathematical model to predict the dynamics of both organisms. The model includes 11 differential equations and 31biological constants describing the life-cycle of the nematode and its relationship with the bacterium. To simulate the real behavior of the populations, the constants, which represent biological parameters, have to be evaluated under controlled conditions similar to those of soil microcosm. Key words: bio-mathematics, Meloidogyne, Pasteuria penetrans, biological control. Modelo matemáticode la interacción entre Meloidogyne spp. y Pasteuria penetrans RESUMEN: El estudio de algunos aspectos de la regulación del crecimiento de los nematodos agalleros del género Meloidogyne Goeldi por la acción de la bacteria Pasteuria penetrans, permitió proponer un modelo matemático para predecir la dinámica de ambos organismos. El modelo incluye 11 ecuaciones diferenciales y 31 constantes biológicas que describen las fases de desarrollo del nematodo y su relación con la bacteria. Para simular el comportamiento real de las poblaciones, las constantes, que representan parámetros biológicos, deberán ser evaluadas en condiciones controladas similares a la del microcosmo del suelo.