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STS.003 The Rise of Modern Spring 2008

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Spring 2008

Keywords for Week 9

Lecture 15: Relativity Theory and Swiss Clocks

Sir (1643-1727) Absolute time Absolute space James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) “Luminiferous aether” Albert Michelson (1852-1931) Edward Morley (1838-1923) Interferometer Michelson-Morley experiment (1887) “The null result” George FitzGerald (1851-1901) (1853-1928) Lorentz transformations Jules Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), “The Measure of Time” (1898) Time synchronization network (1879-1955) “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” (1905) Special Relativity (universality of physical laws in all inertial frames) Equivalence principle Space-time curvature General Relativity (universality of physical laws in all uniformly accelerated frames) “On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of ” (1911) “The Foundation of the General ” (1916) Sir Arthur Eddington, “Report on the Relativity Theory of Gravitation” (1919) Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919

Lecture 16: and Postwar Culture

Max Planck (1858-1947) Black Body Radiation “Ultraviolet catastrophe” Action quantum (1900) Planck’s constant Albert Einstein (1879-1955) The Annus Mirabilis (1905) Special relativity, Brownian , Photoelectric effect "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" (1905) Light quanta Niels Bohr (1885-1962) of the (1913) (1892-1987) “Research on Quantum Theory” (PhD thesis, 1924) Wave-particle duality Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961) Wave mechanics (1926) Oswald Spengler (1880-1936) Decline of the West (vol. 1: 1918) Destiny vs. Causality (1901-1976) (1882-1970) (1902-1980) mechanics (1925) Transition probabilities The interpretation Complementarity principle The Bohr-Einstein debate