NH Gazetteer

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/ GAZETTEER

OF THE

TATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.

IN THREE PARTS ;

CONTAINING

1. A comprehensive Geographical and 4 3. Topographical and Statistical tables

Statistical view of the whole con- ; the State, 1 alphabetically arranged shewing veniently disposed under separate heads. 5 course and distance on a direct line from 2. A description of each county, town, < Portsmouth, Concord, Boston, and Port- or location in the State also of its land. the number of miles the ; lakes, | Also, by rivers, ponds, and mountains, with many i roads ascommonly travelled.—Numberof other subjects of topographical detail, al- < cattle, horses, &c. phabetically arranged. t

COMPILED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES, BT siUPHALET MERRILL AND THE LATE PHINEHAS MERRILL, Esa

EXETER :

PRINTED BY C. NORRIS & CO. FOR THE AUTHORS New-Hampshire District, ss-.

BE IT REMEMBERED, that on this thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, and in the fortieth year of the Indepexulence ofthe United States of America, ELIPHALET MERRILL, of the said District, hath deposited in this Office, the title of a book, the whereof he claims as in the words to wit : " right proprietor, following, A Gazetter of the State of New-Hampshire, in three parts : containing, ** 1. A comprehensive Geographical and Statistical view of the whole State, conveniently disposed under separate heads. rt 2. of each location in the also its A description county, town, or State ; of lakes, rivers, ponds, and mountains, with many other subjects of topographical detail, alphabetically arranged. " 3. and Statistical tables Topographical alphabetically arranged ; shewing the course ind distance on a direct line from Portsmouth, Concord, Boston, and Portland. Also, the number of miles by the roads as commonly travelled.—Number of cattle, horses, &c. Compiled from the best authorities by Merrill and the late Phinehas Merrill, Eliphalet Esq." " In conforisity to the act ofthe Congress of the United States, entitled, An Act for the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books to the authors and pro- thereof the times also to " prietors during therein mentioned ; and an Act, entitled, An Act, sup- plementary to an Act, entitled, An Act, for the encouragement of learning, by securing the Cop- ies of Maps, Charts, and Books to the authors and proprietors ofsuch cepies during the times therein mentioned ; and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts ofDesigning, Engraving and Etch- ing historical and other prints." GEORGE W. PRESCOTT, Clerk of District Court U, S., N. H. District, A true copy. Attest, GEORGE W. PRESCOTT, Clerk. PREFACE

WHEN any town is mentioned such questions as the following perpetually recur to those who are unacquainted with it. Where is it situated ? What towns lie contiguous to it ? What is its distance from some capital or emporium, &c. ? Morses Gazetteer mentions the most of our towns, but the description rarely includes any thing more than the county in which it is situated, or at most its distance from some neighbouring town. The map of New- Hampshire will completely answer many of these questions, but these maps are not numerous and are very unfit for transportation. Indeed, a large proportion of our citizens feel themselves unable to obtain either of these means of information, but would gladly pay the price of a condensed Gazetteer. Such an one is now offered them in the smallest space, it is thought, that can comprise the necessary matter.

The method adopted in this instance to collect authentic materials was to address letters to men of the best information in every township in the state. In these letters were enumerated the nature of the information desired. The attention which these letters generally received deserves our warmest thanks.

The sources from whence we derived our historical information of the first settlement of the state, Indian wars, &c. have been very numerous and are the most authentic which now exist; such as Winthrop, Morton, Mather, Prince, Hutchinson, Morse, and Parish but must while ; particularly Belknap. Nor we noticing authors and the liberal aid and patronage of individuals, omit to acknowledge that of the state.

Since the decease of my beloved brother, who was associated as co-partner in this work, there has been an unavoidable delay of its publication, but by the assistance of several literary gentlemen, it is now respectfully submitted to a candid public. ELIPHALET MERRILL.

Northrvood, June, 1817. / A GENERAL VIEW, GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL

OF TBI STATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, ARRANGED UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADS.

Situation and Extent. Boundaries and Divisions. Aih, Climate, and Seasons, Face of the Country, Mountains. Ritehs, and other Waters. Canals and Turnpikes. Monuments, and other Relics of Indians. Forest Trees and Vegetable Productions. Soil and Agriculture. Domestic and W^ild Ani- mals. Birds and Fishes. Caverns, Fossils, and Minerals. Government, Constitution, and Laws. Military, Strength. Fortifications. Religion. Manners and Customs. Literary, and Scientific Institutions. Colleges, Banks, Insurance Companies. Progressive Population. Manufactories. Com- merce, Societies, and State Prison.

SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, DIVISIONS, &c.

J[ he state of New-Hampshire lies between 42° 41' and 45° 11' of north latitude and between 70°40'and 72° 28' of longitude west from the royal observatory of Greenwich. Its length from the northern to southern extremity is one hundred and sixty eight miles. Its greatest breadth measured from the entrance of Piscataqua harbour, to the mouth of west River, which falls into Connecticut river, opposite the town of Chesterfield is ninety miles. It is bounded on the south by the state of Massachusetts, from which it is divided by a line, beginning on the sea shore, at a point three miles northward of the mouth of the river Merrimack a to ; pursuing course corresponding the curvature of that river, at the same distance and ending at a point 3 miles north from Pautuck Falls in the town of Dracut. From this point, the line extends on in a western direction, until it crosses Connecticut river and ends on its western bank, the distance being fifty miles. The line called the due west line, was measured and marked 1741, by Richard Hazen. He was ordered by Cov. Belcher to allow ten degrees for the westerly variation of the needle. This doctrine of the variation was even less imperfectly known at that time than it now is. It is supposed that the variation 'M that time, and in that place, was not more than eight degrees. b GENERAL VIEW.

In 1773 each end of the line was accurately examined, by celestial observations, made by Thomas Wright, one of Capt. of the western Holland's company surveyors ; when extremity was found to decline from the eastern, two minutes and fifty- seven seconds of latitude. This was computed to make a difference of 59,870 acres of land, which would have been gained by New-Hampshire, if the line had been run with correctness. From the point where this line strikes Connecticut river, up to the forty-fifth degree of latitude, the western bank of that river is the western boundary of New- Hampshire, and eastern boundary of Vermont. On its eastern side, New-Hampshire is bounded by the At- lantic ocean^ from the first mentioned point, 3 miles northward of the mouth of Merrimack river, along the shore to the middle of which distance is of the main entrance Plscataqua harbour ; computed to be about 18 miles. Thence the boundary line runs up the middle of the river, to its most northerly head, which is a pond situated partly in the town of Wakefield and partly in Shapley, in the county of York. The distance of this pond from the mouth of the harbour is 35 miles N., 20° W. From the head of this pond, according to the royal determination, in 1740, the dividing line was run N. 2° W. until 120 miles were finished from Piscataqua harbour, or until it met with other territories belonging to his majesty. The reason of men- 120 miles tioning this specific distance, in the decree, was, that was the extent of the province of Maine. At that time no other government subject to the British crown lay in that direc- erected and tion. In 1763, the new province of Quebec was ; its southern boundary was a line passing along the high lands, which divide the rivers, that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the sea. By the trea- all the lands ty of peace, between America and Britain, in 1783, to the southward of that line, reckoning it from the eastward northwest head of Connecticut river, and thence parallel to the middle of said river, to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude, were ceded to the United States. The state is bounded on the north by the British province of Quebec. The northern extremity of this line, is a birch tree, marked N. E. New-Hampshire, 1789. This line extends along of the the high lands, seventeen miles and 207 rods, to the head northwestern branch of Connecticut river ; at which ex- Thence the tremity is a Fir tree, inscribed N.H. N.W. 1789. the boundary descends to the forty-fifth degree of latitude, by middle of the northwestern branch of the river. It contains 9,491 square miles or 6,074,240 acres, of which at least 100,000 acres are covered with water. GENERAL VIEW. - 7

The state is divided into six counties, viz. Rockingham, Strafford, Hillsborough, Cheshire, Grafton, and Coos, which see under their respective names. Air, Climate, & Seasons,—The air of New-Hampshire is generally pure and salubrious;northwest,west and southwest winds are the most prevalent, east winds prevail along the sea coast, in the spring, which are extremely piercing and disagreeable, but not unwholesome. The weather is less variable than in the middle and especially the southern states, and more so than in Canada. The extremes of cold and heat, according to Fahrenheit's Thermometer, is from 20° below to 100 above 0. The medium is from 48° to 50°. The winter commonly commences in its severity about the middle of December. Cattle are sheltered from about the 20th November to the 1st of May. There has been frosts in every month in the year, though not in the in same season ; and not a very injurious degree. Instances of sudden changes in the weather are noticed in the earliest accounts of the country. In 1658, when the apple trees were in blossom,there came on such a sudden and severe cold,that in a fishing boat belonging to Hampton, one man died before it could reach the shore, another was so chilled that he died in a few days, and a third lost his feet. This instance is remarkable. The common time for the apple trees to blossom, is about the third week in May, but they blossom earlier or later according to the degrees of heat. On the 11th day of May, j. 1769, and again on May 8, 1804, when the trees were in blossom an unusual flight of snow covered them, and continued two days, so as to produce sleighing. In a very warm autumn the earliest apple trees have produc-

ed blossoms ; and roses have bloomed in the month of October ; but these appearances are rare. In the spring, the trees which have been cut down the preceding year, are burned in the new plantations. If the season be dry, the flames have spread in the woods, and a large extent of forest has been on fire at once. From these numerous fires, arise immense clouds of smoke, mingled with burnt leaves of the trees, which are carried to a great distance by the wind. These clouds meeting with other vapours in the atmosphere, sometimes produce very singular appearances. The darkness of 19th May, 1780, was probably caused by such a combination of vapours. Fires had spread very extensively in the woods, and westerly winds had driven the smoke over the country. It was so thick for several preceding days near the horizon, that the sun disappeared an hour before its sitting, and in the low grounds it was almost sufFocat- ing. The morning of the 19th of May was cloudy, with some 8 GENERAL VIEW.

in the from rain ; and a black cloud appeared southwest, which was heard thunder. The rain water and the surface of rivers, was covered with a sooty scum. The remains of a snow drift, which had been clean the preceding day became black, several small birds flew into the houses, and others were found dead abroad from suifocation. About two hours before noon their the clouds assumed a brassy appearance ; after which coU and at an hour after it nec- our became a dusky grey ; noon, was essary to light candles. At the greatest obscurity the smoke of a chimney was observed to rise perpendicular, and then decline.to the west. A thick fog which came in from the sea, moved along the hill tops in the same direction. The extent of this darkness was more than two hundred miles from north to south. To the westward, it extended beyond Albany, and it was observed by a vessel at sea, fifteen leagues eastward of Cape Anne. The darkness varied its appearance in some places through but in the maritime towns of the afternoon ; New-Hampshire, it the a there was no variation of ; and evening presented com- as be plete specimen of as total darkness can conceived. Be- fore midnight the vapours disappeared, and the next morning there was no appearance of them. The Aurora-borealis was first noticed in New-Hampshire, \ December 11th, 1719. The aged people say it is not so common now as formerly. It sometimes appears in the form of a luminous arch extending from east to west, but more common- in the and flashes ly rises from a dark convexity north, upwards towards the zenith. In a calm night, and in the intervals be- in a retired situa- tween gentle flaws of wind, an attentive ear, with a sound. This tion, may petceive it to be accompanied luminous appearance has been observed in all seasons of the in extreme heat and cold and all intermediate year ; degrees. The colour of the streams is sometimes variegated with white, the blue, yellow, and red, the lustre of which reflected from snow, is an appearance highly beautiful and interesting.

Sea-Coast &? Mountains.—The whole ex- Face ofthe Country, , tent of the sea coast, from its southern boundary, to the mouth of Piscataqua harbour, is about 18 miles. The shore is gener- are salt intersected ally a sandy beach, within which marshes, by creeks. There are several coves convenient for fishing ves- the harbour for is the entrance of the Pis- sels ; but only ships of cataqua, where the shore is rocky. Some ledges and points but rocks are situated to the southward of the harbour of Rye ; there is no remarkable head land on the coast. Two bluffs on- GENERAL VIEW. 9

the level of the which are called ly appear elevated above sea, little Boars heads these are in the town of great and ; Hampton. For twenty or thirty miles from the sea, the country is either le- vallies. vel, or variegated by little hills and Then commence the first range of mountains continued through the towns of Milton, Farmington, Barrington, Nottingham, and Northwood. The several summits are distinguished by different names, as Ten- are several eriff, Saddle-back, Tuckaway, &c. Beyond these de- tached mountains of considerable elevation, Moose mountain in Brookfield, Mont Major in Alton, Gunstock, Gilmanton mountains, &c. Farther back the mountains rise higher, and among the third range, Chocorcea, Ossipee, and Kearsarge claim the pre-eminence. Beyond these is the lofty ridge which is commonly called the height of land. In this ridge is the grind Monadnock,(see Jaffrey,) Sunapee, and Moosehillock (see Fish- ersfield and Coventry.) This ridge is continued northwesterly, dividing the waters of the river Connecticut* from those of Saco and Amariscoggin. Here the mountains rise much higher, and the most elevated summits in this range, are the White mountains, which see.

Rivers, &? other waters, —Nature has formed such relations between mountains and rivers, that in describing the one, we are unavoidably led to speak of the other. New-Hampshire is so situated, that five of the largest rivers in New-England, either take their rise within its limits, or receive much of their waters from its mountains. These are the Connecticut, Amariscoggin, Saco, Merrimack, and Piscataqua. For a more particular description of these rivers and other waters, see their respective names.

Canals £s? Turnpikes.—The Pemigewasset Canal Company, incorporated June 20, 1804, for the purpose of cutting a canal by Webster's falls in said river, near the house of Ebenezer Eastman. Contoocook Canal Company, incorporated Decem- ber 13, 1804, for the purpose of cutting a canal by the falls in Concord, and also where said river empties into the Merrimack. The Piscataquog Canal Company,for cutting a canal from Gale's mills, in the town of Weare, to Parker's landing in Bedford, incorporated June 18, 1806. The White River Falls Company, incorporated June 12, 180jT, for the purpose of cutting canals and locking the falls on Connecticut river, and making it navigable for lumber and boats, from the head of White river falls, between Lebanon and Hartford, at the upper bar, to the foot of the falls at the lower bar. The great Ossipee Canal Company, 9 10 GENERAL VIEW.

for incorporated June 19, 1807, cutting, slipping, and canaliing Ossipee river and falls, from Ossipee pond to the province line. Canal 1808 for the Bow Company, incorporated June 11, ; purpose of cutting and opening a canal in Merrimack river, and Turkey river falls, in the town of Bow. The Union Locks and Canal. This company is empowered to clear the Merrimack river from Reed's ferry to Amoskeag falls, and to constitute and maintain such locks and dams as shall be necessary for rendering the same navigable for boats. The Merrimack Boating Company, incorporated June, 1812. Winnipiseogee River Canal Company, incorporated June, 1812. Hillsborough and Strafford Company, incorporated December 16, 1812. For various others, see rivers, &c.

Turnpikes.—The N>w-Hampshire turnpike road extends from Piscataqua bridge in Durham, to Merrimack river, in Con- cord. Its course is westerly through Durham, Lee, a corner of Barrington, Nottingham, Northwood, Epsom, Chichester, and thence to Concord.—Was incorporated June, 1796. The second turnpike road in N. H. extends from the lottery bridge in Clare- mont, to the plain in Amherst. Incorporated December 26, 1799. Its course is southerly, from Claremont, through Unity, Lempster, Washington, north corner of Windsor, southwest corner of Hillsborough, northeast corner of Antrim, part of Deering, Francestown, southwest corner of New- Boston, through Mount-Vernon to Amherst, a distance of nearly fifty miles. The third turnpike road extends from Bellows' falls in Wal- pole, on Connecticut river, through a part of Westmoreland and Surry, thence through Keene, Marlborough, JafFrey, New- Ipswich, and a corner of Mason, to the south line of the state, near Ashby in Massachusetts, a distance of 45 miles. Incor- porated December 27, 1799. The fourth turnpike road in N. H. extends from the east bank of Connecticut river in the town of Lebanon, nearly opposite the mouth of White river. Its course is southeast through Lebanon, Enfield, a corner of Grafton, Springfield, Wil- mot, Andover, and New-Salisbury, to Merrimack river in Bos- cawen, about 40 miles. Incorporated December, 1800. Branch Road and Bridge Company, incorporated June 16, 1802, This road extends from the south line of the town of Fitzwilliam to the in mile's. Its course is village Keene ; about 14 northwest, and through Marlborough' The 5th N.H. turnpike road not yet commenced. The 6th N. H. Turnpike and Bridge Company was incorporated June 16, 1802. The bridge is over Connecticut river, between the towns of Hinsdale and Brattleborough. GENERAL VIEW. 1 1

The road extends from said bridge through Hinsdale and Win- chester to the line of Massachusetts at Warwick. Dover turn- the pike road extending from Dover landing, near bridge, through Somersworth to Salmon-fall river. The company was incorporated December 21, 1803. to The Coos turnpike road leading from Haverhill Warren ; about 12 miles southeast course—was incorporated December 29,1803. Orford turnpike road was incorporated December 27, 1803, and leads from Orford bridge, to Aiken's bridge in Wentworth. The 10th turnpike road in N. H. extends from the upper line in hills about 20 miles in Bartlett, through the notch the White j and was incorporated December 28, 1803. The Charleston turnpike, incorporated December 27, 1803, and extends from the easterly bank of Connecticut river, through the central part of Charleston and Ackworth to the second N.H. in 12 miles. turnpike Lempster ; about The Mahew turnpike, incorporated December 29, 1803, and extends from a Mr. Burleigh's in New-Chester, to the east side of New-found pond, thence through Plymouth and Rumney to the a distance of about 4G miles. Coos turnpike ; Chester turnpike, incorporated June 12, 1804 ; extending about fourteen miles a southeast course from Pembroke, through Allenstown and Candia to Chester street. The Londonderry turnpike, incorporated June, 1804, extends from Butter's corner in Concord, to the state line near Andover bridge, Massachusetts. Its course from Concord is about southeast, through Bow to Isle-Hookset bridge, thence through Chester, Londonderry, the easterly corner of Windham and Salem to the state line, a distance of about 35 miles. Grafton turnpike road extending from near Orford bridge over Connecticut river through Lime, the northeast corner of Hanover, Canaan, the westerly part of Orange, Grafton, Dan- 4th bury, New-Chester ; and unites with the N. H. turnpike in New-Andover in its northwest corner. Its course is southerly, and distance about 35 miles, and was incorporated June 21, 1804. The Jefferson turnpike, incorporated December 11th, 1804, extending from the extremity of the 10th N, H. turnpike, through Bretton woods, Jefferson, and Lancaster to the meeting house, in a northerly direction about 18 miles. The Croydon turnpike, near the incorporated June 21, 1804 ; and extends from or branch turnpike, where it intersects the 4th turnpike in Leba- non, thence through or between Plainfield and Enfield, New- Grantham, Croydon, New-Port, and Lempster, until it strikes the 2d turnpike in Washington. Length about 35 miles. ] 2 GENERAL VIEW.

Cheshire turnpike, incorporated December 13, 1804, and extends from Connecticut river to Charleston meeting-house, in a southerly course through Langdon, a part of Walpole, Al- stead, and Surry to the third N. H. turnpike in Keene. Dis- tance 20 miles. Ashuelot turnpike, incorporated June 18, 1807, and leads from the turnpike in Winchester through Richmond to Fitzwilliam village in an easterly course about fifteen miles. Ringe turnpike, incorporated June 12, 1807, and extends from the state line in the southwest corner of New-Ipswich to the Branch turnpike leading from Keene to Boston. The Cornish turnpike, incorporated December 9, 1808, extends from Cornish bridge and intersects the Croydon turnpike at Newport, distant 11 miles. The Fitzwilliam Village turnpike, incorporated December 9, 1809, and extends from Fitzwilliam to the state line. The above named turnpike roads are generally completed. A large number more are incorporated, and some of them will soon be passable. Within the last twenty years, the roads in this state have been much improved, so that communication between the distant parts of it is much facilitated. Much however remains to be done, especially in the northern part of the state. Several canals are in contemplation and will undoubtedly be completed in a few years. One for uniting the waters of the Connecticut with the Merrimack through Sun- apee lake—(see Sunapee lake.) A company is incorporated foe cutting a canal from Winnipiseogee lake to Cocheco river at has been and for Dover ; this rout surveyed marked. Another opening a communication from Winnipiseogee lake to Merri- mack river. From the best information I can obtain, we have now open for travel 300 miles of turnpike road, and 300 more will soon be opened.

Monuments, £s? Relics of Indians*—In describing any country, it is natural to make some inquiry concerning the vestiges of its ancient inhabitants. It is well known, that the original na- tives of this part of the country were not ambitious of perpetu- ating their memory by durable monuments. Their invention was chiefly employed, either in providing for their subsistence, by hunting, fishing, and planting, or guarding against and surpris- ing their enemies. Their houses and canoes were constructed of perishable materials. Their mode of travelling was to take all possible advantage of water carriage, and to shorten distanc- es, by transporting their birch canoes, which were convenient for the purpose, across the necks of land. Their manner of GENERAL VIEW. 13

•

taking iish was either by entangling them in wears or in scoop nets, or striking them with spears. They took quadrupeds in traps or pitfalls, or shot them, as well as birds, with arrows. For the construction of their canoes and houses they used hatchets, chisels, and gouges of stone. In cooking their meat they either broiled it on coals or on a wooden grate, or roasted it on a forked stick, or boiled it in kettles of stone. Their corn was pounded in mortars of wood, with pestles of stone. Their bread was baked on flat stones set before the fire, or in green leaves laid under hot ashes. Clam shells served them for spoons, and their fingers for knives and forks. They had no sharper instruments than could be formed of stones, shells, or bones. Of last are of a nature but the rel- these, the two perishable ; of first, ics are often found in the places of their former residence, generally in the neighbourhood of waterfalls and other convenient fishing places. There is in the possession of a gentleman of this state, a piece of bone, on which is engraven the bust of a man, apparently in the agonies of death. The countenance is savage, and the work well executed. The bone with the figure on it was found on the shore of Little-bay ,in the riverPiscataqua. The cellars in which they preserved their corn, are discovered in the new settlements, and their graves are frequently seen. Most of the skeletons appear to be in a sitting posture, and some remains of the instruments, which were supposed necessary " to their subsistence, ornament, or defence, in the country of souls," are found with them, particularly the stone-pipe for smoking tobacco, of which there are several varieties. In a piece of interval land near Ossipee pond, is a mound of earth overgrown with pine, in which, at the depth of two feet, several skeletons have been discovered, buried with the face downwards. At Exeter, about 23 years ago, the remains of an infant skeleton were dug up. It was in a perpendicular posture, and had been enclosed in a hollow log. Some strings of wampum were found near it, and several spoons, apparently of European manufacture.

Forest trees £s? Vegetable productions. —The botany of this would furnish an extensive if state, subject ; treated scientifically, and with the minuteness due to its importance. It would of itself deserve a volume. After attending to the following de- tails, the great variety of our vegetable productions may be easily imagined. The native forest trees grow to a degree of luxuriance, and in profuse abundance and variety. The common forest trees are elm, sassafras, wildcherry,bass wood, locust, and birch, of which we have four species ; of the oak four, walnut three, one of 14 GENERAL VIEW,

Which, called oil nut or butter nut, the extract of the bark of is a excellent cathartic. which, most It neither produces grip- ings nor leaves the patient costive, and may be made efficacious without hazard,by increasing the quantity administered. Its operation is easy and safe,even to the most delicate constitution. It is a most excellent family medicine,and well calculated for hospitals, navies, and armies. Of the beech and pine : there are three species of the former and seven of the latter ; hemlock, spruce, fir, chestnut, hornbeam, button-wood, red and white cedar, poplar, and red, white, and black, or rock maple, which last has obtained the name of sugar maple, and a variety of other trees not named, are also common in our forests. It is not our intention to treat systematically of the natural history of the state, or describe with botanical accuracy, the indi- it to genous vegetables, which contains ; but briefly notice such as are endowed with remarkable qualities, either salutary or noxious. Those that are salutary, are the grape, black and red currant, wild gooseberry, cranberry, common and superb raspberry, brambleberry, running and upright blackberry, strawberry, and bayberry. The ginseng, so much esteemed by the Chinese, is found in great plenty in the western part of the state, and the further north it is found, the better is its quality. It was for- that in merly thought the ginseng grew only China and Tartary ; but it was discovered in America about 1750, and some specimens of it sent to England, and from thence to China, and was, on trial, acknowledged, by the Chinese themselves, to be the same with the oriental ginseng. The prickly ash is a shrub, the bark of which, is esteemed an excellent remedy for chronic rheumatism. The garget or American night shade, root, leaves, and berry is used in various diseases common to the human frame, and the root is in high repute among farmers for the use of cattle. There are two species of elder, black and red, snake- three of one of root, maidenhair, sarsaparilla ; species ^pbelia, which is a powerful emetic. The buck bean grows near the Monadnock, and the skunk cabbage, which is very efficacious in asthmatic complaints, grows in many parts of the state. It may be proper to close this account of indigenous vegetables with the names of those plants, which, under certain circumstances of however have been prove poisonous ; some which brought into medicinal use, and are valued for the cure of dis- orders attended with spasmodic affections. Of this latter class the thorn and Others are hemlock, apple, henbane, night-shade. are poisonous, such as the ivy,commonly callexl mercury, swamp sumach, water-elder, herb Christopher, stinking snake weed, and white helebore or poke. GENERAL VIEW. 15

Soil & Agriculture.—There is a great variety of soil in New- Hampshire. The interval lands on the large rivers, are considered the most valuable, because they are overflowed and en- . riched by the waters from the uplands, which bring down a fat slime or sediment of the consistency of soap. These lands pro- in but are not so duce every kind of grain great perfection ; good for pastures as the uplands. The wide spreading hills of a moderate elevation and of a rocky, moist, warm, rich soil are most esteemed for pastures. Drained swamps have a deep mellow soil, and the vallies between hills are generally very productive. In the new and uncultivated parts of the state, the soil is dis- its various kinds of trees white oak tinguished by ; thus, land is hard and stony, the under growth consisting of brakes it will not till it has been and and fern ; produce grass ploughed hoed, but is good for indian corn : white and pitch pine lands are dry and sandy. Spruce and hemlock in the eastern part of soil in the state denote a thin, cold ; but the western parts, when mixed with birch, it is a moist soil, good for grass. When the white pine and oil nut are found on the same land, it is commonly a deep moist loam, and considered very advantageous for cultivation, as it bears grass, corn, and other grain without ploughing. The mode of clearing and cultivating new lands, has been much improved within the last forty or fifty years. Sixty years ago it was thought impossible to raise indian corn without the plough and hoe. The mode of planting it among the burnt logs was practised with great success at Gilmanton, about the year 1 762, and this easy mode of culture soon became uni- versal in the new plantations. In interval lands on Connecti- often cut river, wheat yields 40 or 50 bushels to the acre ; but on the uplands 20 is considered a good crop. Indian corn will average more than 40 bushels to the acre. Of all grains winter rye grows best on new lands, and indian corn and barley on the old. does not flourish in lands is flax Barley new ; nor cultivated to any advantage, until the land has been under preparation for some be said of oats years. The same may and pease ; but every kind of esculent roots is much larger in the virgin soil than in any other. The first inhabitants of New-Hampshire came principally from the south-western counties of England, where cider and perry were made in great quantities. They took much pains to set out apple and pear trees on their plantations, which flourished well and grew to a great size. The first is growth now decayed ; but a succession has been preserved, and no good husbandman thinks his farm complete without an orchard. 16 GENERAL VIEW.

Agriculture is, and always will be, the chief business of the people of New- Hampshire, if they attend to their true interest. Every tree that is cut down in the forest opens to the sun a new spot of earth, which, with proper cultivation, will produce food for man and beast. It is impossible to conceive what quantities may be produced of beef, pork, mutton, poultry, indian and cheese wheat, rye, corn, barley, pulse, butter, ; articles which will always find a market. Flax and hemp may be also cultivated to great advantage. As the country becomes more cleared, pastures increase, and the number of cattle is continually multiplying. — Domestic Animals. This state presents a long catalogue of such domestic animals, as have been found useful in all parts of the wor4d, situated in similar latitudes. The first neat cattle imported from Europe into New-Hampshire, were sent by Capt. John Mason and his associates, about 1633, to stock their plantations and to be employed in drawing lumber. These cattle were of a large breed and a yellow colour, procured from Den- mark. At what time" and by whom the horse was first imported does not appear. Sheep and swine were first sent over from England, by Laconia. Sheep have greatly multiplied, and are considered the most profitable stock that can be raised on a farm. The breed has been renewed and much improved by the introduction of merinoes from Spain, and other parts of Europe. While therefore the best lambs shall be reserved by the farmer for their select flocks, well fed, sheltered from storms and care- fully managed, our breed will continue to improve. Of other domestic animals, we possess all those that are useful, convenient and common to our climate. The following computations of neat cattle and horses are founded on the invoice taken in 1812. The neat cattle according to the above information may 1 be computed at 211,534; the horses 32,161, and the sheep* according to the best calculation will amount to 364,892. (The American statistical writer, the indefatigable Blodget, computes the whole number of neat cattle in the United States in 1809, 3,660,000; horses 1,400,000.) We have no returns of the number of swine in this state, but may compute the number of fatted swine killed annually at 35,000, and of oxen killed or driven to market 100,000.

* With regard to the number of sheep, letters were directed to the representatives of each town in the state, requesting- them \q send to us the number of sheep in their but to in instances our respective towns ; we have say many requests were neglected, but in proportion with the nv Tiber returned„the above statement is correct. GENERAL VIEW. 17

— wolf first claims notice this Wild Animals* The ; animal has been very common and noxious in the new settlements. A bounty of 20 dollars is paid for its head. The bear has* been one of the most troublesome animals of our forests. In the months of August and September, he makes great havoc in the fields of indian corn in the new settlements. There is the wolverine and wild cat, and the other animals common to New-England. The only mammillary biped, which we have is the bat, which forms the connecting link between beasts and birds.

Birds,—The birds of New- Hampshire are those common in the New-England states, for a catalogue of which see Belknap's history of N. H.

Serpents,—Of these our number is but small. The rattle- is that is its have been snake the only one poisonous ; numbers great, but are now diminishing. The black snake, small water snake, small brown adder, house adder, (said to be poisonous,) water adder, striped snake, and green snake, are the princir pal kinds.

Fish. —Of fish we have a numerous list. A bare enumera- tion of which would be equally useless and uninteresting. The cod comes into the Piscataqua in the spring and fall, and is taken at sea in all months of the year. The haddock, hake, and pollock are taken at sea in the spring and summer, and being dried are sold under the denomination of scale fish. Halibut is fish that is taken for food and full the largest ; when grown it in those of are fre- exceeds 500 pounds weight ; 200 pounds quently brought to market and sold. See Portsmouth.

Caverns, Stones, Fossils,& Minerals.—This part of our history be as are must extremely imperfect ; many parts of our state yet unexplored in these respects, and of those parts that are known the knowledge is mostly confined to its surface and veg- etation. Such things however of this kind as have occurred, shall be noticed under their respective names. Mineralogy is a branch of science, that is but little cultivated. Men of genius and science have not leisure to pursue objects from which immediate advantage cannot be drawn. The disappointments which have attended some expensive attempts, the air of mys- thrown over the tery subject by some ignorant pretenders ; and the facility with which every mineral may be imported, have discouraged inquirers. But from the specimens that have appeared, there can be no doubt of the existence of 3 [8 GENERAL VIEW. mineral and fossil treasures, in the search of which future generations will find employment.

Constitution,* Government^ Laws.—Article I. All men are free and therefore all born equally independent ; government of the is right originates from people, founded in consent, and instituted for the general good. II. All men have certain natural, essential and inherent are the rights—among which enjoying and defending life and and liberty, acquiring, possessing protecting property ; and in a word, of seeking and obtaining happiness. III. When men enter into a state of society, they surrender up some of their. natural rights to that society, in order to en- of others and sure the protection ; without such an equivalent, the surrender is void. IV. Among the natural rights, some are in their very nature because no can be unalienable ; equivalent given or received for them : of this kind are the 7*ights of conscience. V. Every individual has a natural and unalienable right to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience no shall be and reason ; and subject hurt, molested, or restrain- ed, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience, or for his religious profession, sentiments, or persua- he doth not disturb the or dis- sion ; provided public peace, turb others in their religious worship. VI. As morality and piety, rightly grounded on evangelical will principles, give the best and greatest security to government, and will lay, in the hearts of men, the strongest obliga- and as the of these is tions to due subjection ; knowledge most likely to be propagated through a society, by the institution of the public worship of the IJeity, and of public instruction in morality and religion; therefore, to promote those important purposes, the people of this state have a right to empower, and d» hereby fully empower the legislature, to authorize, from time to time, the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate or religious societies, within this state, to make adequate provision, at their own expense, for the support and maintenance of public Protestant teachers of piety, religion and morality. Provided notxvithstanding, That the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate, or religious societies, shall at all times have the exclusive right of electing their own public teachers, and of

* The Constitution of New-Hampshire was approved by the people, and established by convention, fifttTof September, 1792. The former constitution having been approved by the people, was established by Convention 31st October, 1783, and took effect on the first Wednesday of June, 1784, GENERAL, VIEW. 19 contracting with them for their support and maintenance. And no person of any one particular religious sect or denomination, shall ever be compelled to pay towards the support of the teacher or teachers of another persuasion, sect or denomination. And every denomination of christians, demeaning "themselves quietly, and as good subjects of the state, shall be equally under the protection of the law : and no subordination of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law. And nothing herein shall be understood to affect any former contracts for the of the all made support ministry ; but such contracts shall remain, and be in the same state as if this constitution had not been made. VII. The people of this state have the sole and exclusive right of governing themselves as a free, sovereign and inde- staie and forever shall pendent ; and do, hereafter exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction and right, pertaining thereto, which is not, or may not hereafter be by them expressly delegated to the United States of America in Congress assembled. VIII. All power residing originally in, and being derived from the people, all the magistrates and officers of government are their substitutes and agents, and at all times accountable to them. IX. No office or place whatsoever in government, shall be —the abilities hereditary and integrity requisite in all, not being transmissible to posterity or relations. X. Government being instituted for the common benefit, protection and security of the whole community, and not for the private interest or emolument of any one man, family, or class of men the ; therefore, whenever ends of government are per- verted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress are ineffectual, the people may and of right ought to reform the old, or establish a new government. The doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power and oppres- sion, is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind. XI. All elections ought to be free, and every inhabitant of the state, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to elect and be elected into office. XII. Every member of the community has a right to be pro- tected in the of his he by it, enjoyment life, liberty and property ; is therefore bound to contribute his share in the expense of such protection, and' to yield his personal service when necessary, or an equivalent. But no part of a man's property shall be taken from him, or applied to public uses, without his own consent, or that of the representative body of the people. Nor are the 20 GENERAL VIEW. inhabitants of this state controlable by any other laws than those to which they, or their representative body, have given their consent. XIII. No person, who is conscientiously scrupulous about the lawfulness of bearing arms, shall be compelled thereto, provided he will pay an equivalent. XIV. Every subject of this state is entitled to a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries he may re- in his to obtain ceive person, property, or character ; right and without to it justice freely, being obliged purchase ; completely without denial and any ; promptly and without delay, conforma- bly to the laws. XV. No subject shall be held to answer for any crime or offence, until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and form- to be to ev- ally described him ; or compelled accuse. or furnish idence against himself. And every subject shall have a right to produce all proofs that may be favourable to himself : to the witnesses face to face to be meet against him, ; and fully heard in his defence, by himself and counsel. And no subject shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled, or deprived of his property, immunities, or privileges put out of the protection of the law, exiled or deprived of his life, liberty, or estate, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land. XVI. No subject shall be liable to be tried, after an acquit- tal, for the same crime or offence. Nor shall the legislature make any law that shall subject any person to a capital punishment, (excepting for the government of the army and navy, and the militia in actual service) without trial by jury. XVII. In criminal prosecutions, the trial of facts, in the vicinity where they happen, is so essential to the security of the life, liberty, and estate of the citizen, that no crime or offence ought to be tried in any other county than that in which it is commit- cases of in ted ; except in general insurrection any particular county, when it shall appear to the Judges of the Superior Court, that an impartial trial cannot be had in the county where the offence may be committed, and upon their report, the legislature shall think proper to direct the trial in the nearest county in which an impartial trial can be obtained. XVIII. All penalties ought to be proportioned to the nature of the offence. No wise legislature will affix the same punishment to the crimes of theft, forgery and the like, which they do

to those of murder and treason ; where the same undistinguish- ing severity is exerted against all offences, the people are led to forget the real distinction in the crimes themselves, and to com- the mit the most flagrant with as little compunction as they'do lightest offences : For the same reason a multitude ofsanguin- GENERAL VIEW. ^ 21

ary laws is both impolitic and unjust. The true design of all punishments being to reform, not to exterminate mankind. XIX. Every subject hath a right to be secure from all un- reasonable searches and seizures of his person, his houses, his papers, and all his possessions. Therefore, all warrants to search suspected places, or arrest a person for examination or trial, in prosecutions for criminal matters, are contrary to this right, if the cause or foundation of them be not previously sup- oath or affirmation and if the in a warrant to ported by ; order, a civil officer, to make search in suspected places, or to arrest one or more suspected persons, or to seize their property, be not accompanied with a special designation of the persons or objects and no of search, arrest, or seizure ; warrant ought to be issued, but in cases, and with the formalities, prescribed by law. XX. In all controversies concerning property, and in all suits between two or more persons, except in dases in which it has been heretofore otherwise used and practised, the parties have a right to a trial by jury, and this method of procedure shall be held sacred, unless in cases arising on the high seas and such as relate to mariners' wages, the legislature shall think it necessary hereafter to alter it. XXI. In order to reap the fullest advantage of the inestima- ble privilege of the trial by jury, great care ought to be taken, that none but should be qualified persons appointed to serve ; and such ought to be fully compensated for their travel, time

XXII. The* LIBERTY OF THE PRESS is essential to

Part II. Form of Government.—The people inhabiting the territory formerly called the Province of New-Hampshire, do hereby solemnly and mutually agree with each other, to form themselves into a free, sovereign and independent body-politic, or state, by the name, of the State of Nexv- Hampshire.

General Court.—The supreme legislative power, within this state, shall be vested in the senate and house of representatives, each of which shall have a negative on the other. The senate and house shall assemble every year on the first Wednesday of June, and at such other times as they may judge and shall and be dissolved seven necessary ; dissolve, days next said first of preceding the Wednesday June ; and shall be stiled The General Court of New- Hampshire. The general court shall forever have full power and authority to erect and constitute judicatories, and courts of record, or other courts, to be holden in the name of the state, for the hearing, trying and determining all manner of crimes, offences, pleas, processes, plaints, actions, causes, matters and things whatsoever, arising or happening within this state, or between or concerning persons inhabiting or residing, or brought within the same ; whether the same be criminal or civil, or whether the be crimes capital, or not capital, and whether the said pleas be or mixed and for the real, personal, ; awarding and issuing execution thereon. To which courts and judicatories, are hereby given and granted, full power and authority, from time to time, to administer oaths or affirmations, for the better dis- covery of truth in any matter in controversy, or depending before them. And further, full power and authority are hereby: given and granted to the said general court, from time to time to make, or- 24 "GENERAL VIEW. dain and establish, all manner of wholesome and reasonable or* ders, laws, statutes, ordinances, directions and instructions, either with penalties, or without, so as the same be not repugnant or contrary to this constitution, as they may judge for the benefit and welfare of this state, and for the governing and ordering thereof, and of the subjects of the same, for the necessary support and defence of the government thereof; and to name and settle annually, or provide by fixed laws for the and all civil officers within naming settling, this state ; such officers excepted, the election and appointment of whom are hereafter in this form of government otherwise provided for and to set forth the several ; duties, powers and limits, of the several civil and officers military of this state ; and the forms of such oaths or affirmations as shall be respectively administered unto them, for the execution of their several offices and places, so as the same be not repugnant or to this constitution and also to contrary ; impose fines, mulcts, and other and to imprisonments punishments ; impose and levy proportional and reasonable assessments, rates, and taxes, upon all the inhabitants of, and residents within, the said state and all estates within the ; upon same ; to be issued and disposed of by warrant, under the hand of the governor of this state for the time being, with the advice and consent of the council, for the public service, in the necessary defence and support of the government of this state, and the protection and preservation of the subjects thereof according to such acts as are, or shall be in force within the same. of And while the public charges government, or any part thereof shall be assessed on poles and estates in the manner that has heretofore been practised; in order that such assessments may Be made with equality, there shall be a valu- ation of the, estates within the state taken anew once in every five years at least, and as much oftener as the general court shall order. No member of the general court shall take fees, be of counsel, or act as advocate, in any cause before either branch of due shall the legislature ; and upon proof thereof such member forfeit his seat in the legislature. The doors of the galleries, of each house of the legislature shall be kept open to all persons who behave decently, except when the welfare of the state, in the opinion of either branch, shall require secrecy.

House of Representatives,—There shall be, in the legislature of this state, a representation of the people, annually elected and founded upon principles of equality : And in order GENERAL VIEW. 25

that such representation may be as equal as circumstances will admit, every town, parish, or place entitled to town privileges, having one hundred and fifty rateable male polls, of twenty one years of age and upwards, may elect one repre- if rateable elect sentative ; four hundred and fifty polls, may so in that two representatives ; and proceeding proportion, making three hundred such rateable polls the mean increasing number, for every additional representative* Such towns, parishes, or places, as have less than one hun- the dred and fifty rateable polls shall be classed by general court for the purpose of choosing a representative, and seasonably notified thereof. And in every class, formed for the abovementioned purpose, the first annual meeting shall be held in the town, parish, or place, wherein most of the rateable the next polls reside ; and afterwards in that which has highest and so the sev- number ; on annually by rotation, through eral towns, parishes, or places, forming the district. Whenever any town, parish, or place, entitled to town privileges as aforesaid, shall not have one hundred and fifty rateable polls, and be so situated as to render the classing thereof with any other town, parish, or place, very inconvenient, the general court may, upon application of a majority of the voters in such town, parish, or place, issue a writ for their electing and sending a representative to the general court. The members of the house of representatives shall be chosen annually in the month of March, and shall be the second branch of the legislature. All persons qualified to vote in the election of senators, shall be entitled to vote within the district where they dwell, in the choice of representatives. Every member of the house of shall be ballot and for two representatives chosen by ; years at least, next preceding his election, shall have been an inhabitant of this state ; shall have an estate within the district which he may be chpsen to represent, of the value of one hundred pounds, one half of which to be a freehold, whereof he is seized in his at the his elect- own right ; shall be time of ion an inhabitant of the town, parish or place he may be chosen to represent, shall be of the protestant religion, and shall cease to represent such town, parish or place, immediately on his ceasing to be qualified as aforesaid. The members of both houses of the legislature shall be compensated for their services out of the treasury of the state, by a law made for that season- purpose ; such members attending ably, and not departing without license. All intermediate vacancies in the house of representatives, may be filled up from 4 26 GENERAL VIEW. time to time, in the same manner as annual elections are made. The house of representatives shall be the grand inquest of the all made shall state ; and impeachments by them, be heard and tried by the senate. All money bills shall originate in the house of representa- but the senate or concur with tives ; may propose, amendments, as on other bills. The house of representatives shall have power to adjourn themselves, but no longer than two days at a time. A majority of the members of the house of representatives shall be a quorum for doing business; but when less than two thirds of the representatives elected shall be present, the assent of two thirds of those members shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings valid. No member of the house of representatives or senate, shall be arrested or held to bail on mean process, during his going to, returning from, or attendance upon the court. The house of representatives shall choose their own speaker, appoint their own officers, and settle the rules of proceed- in shall be of the ings their own house ; and judge returns, elections and qualifications of its members, as pointed out in this constitution. They shall have authority to punish by imprisonment, every person who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house in its presence, by any disorderly and contemptuous ill of its behaviour, or by threatening or treating any members ; its deliberations of a or by obstructing ; every person guilty breach of its privileges, in making arrest for debt, or by as- his attendance at session in saulting any member during any ; assaulting or disturbing any one of its officers in the execution or of the house in wit- of any order procedure ; assaulting any ness or other person ordered to attend, by, and during his at- the or in tendance upon house ; rescuing any person arrested by order of the house, knowing them to be such*—The senate, governor, and council, shall have the same powers in like cases : provided, that no imprisonment by either, for any offence, exceed ten days. The journals of the proceedings, and all public acts of both houses of the legislature, shall be printed and published immediately after every adjournment or prorogation ; and upon motion made by any one member, the yeas and nays upon any question shall, be entered on the journal : And any member of the senate or house of representatives, shall have a right, on motion made at the time* for that purpose, to have his pro- t« st or dissent, with the reasons, against any vote, resolve, or bill passed, entered on the journal. GENERAL VIEW. 27

Senate*—The senate shall consist of twelve members, who shall hold their office for one year from the first Wednesday of June next ensuing their election. And that the state may be equally represented in the senate, to divide the state into the legislature shall, from time time, twelve districts, as nearly equal as may be without dividing in this towns and unincorporated places ; and making division, of they shall govern themselves by the proportion direct taxes to the in- paid by the said districts, and timely make known habitants of the state the limits of each district. The freeholders and other inhabitants of each district, qualified as in this constitution is provided, shall annually give in their votes for a senator, at some meeting holden in the month of March. the The senate shall be the first branch of legislature ; and the senators shall be chosen in the following manner, viz. every male inhabitant of each town, and parish with town in this of twen- privileges, and places unincorporated, state, and ty-one years of age and upwards, excepting paupers, persons excused from paying taxes at their own request, shall inhabit- have a right at the annual or other meetings of the ants of said towns and parishes, to be duly warned and holden annually forever in the month of March, to vote in the town or in the district whereof parish wherein he dwells, for the senator he is a member. Provided nevertheless. That no person shall be capable of being elected a senator, who is not of the protestant religion, and seized of a freehold estate in his own right, of the value of two hundred pounds, lying within this state, who is not of the age of of thirty years, and who shall not have been an inhabitant this state for seven years immediately preceding his election, and at the time thereof he shall be an inhabitant of the district for which he shall be chosen. And every person, qualified as the constitution provides, shall be considered an inhabitant for the purpose of electing and being elected into any office or place within this state, in the town, parish and plantation, where he dwelleth and hath his home. And the inhabitants of plantations and places unincorporated, qualified as this constitution provides, who are or shall be required to assess taxes upon themselves towards the support of government, or shall be taxed therefor, shall have the same privilege of voting for senators, in the plantations and places wherein they reside, as the inhabitants of the respective towns and parishes aforesaid have. And the meetings of ^uch plantations and places for that purpose shall be holden 28 GENERAL VIEW.. annually in the month of March, at such places respectively therein as the assessors thereof shall direct ; which assessors shall have like authority for notifying the electors, collecting and returning the votes, as the selectmen and town clerks have in their several towns by this constitution. The meetings for the choice of governor, council, and senators, shall be warned by warrant from the selectmen, and governed by a moderator, who shall in the presence of the selectmen (whose duty it shall be to attend) in open meeting, receive the votes of all the inhabitants of such towns and parishes present, to vote for senators and in said and qualified ; shall, meetings, in presence of the said selectmen, and of the town clerk in said meetings, sort and count the said votes, and make a public declaration thereof, with the name of every person voted for, and shall the number of votes for each person ; and the town clerk make a fair record of the same at large, in the town book, and shall make out a fair attested copy thereof, to be by him sealed up and directed to the secretary of the state, with a super- scription expressing the purport thereof : And the said town clerk shall cause such attested copy to be delivered to the sheriff of the county in which such town or parish shall lie, thirty days at least before the first Wednesday of June, or to the secretary of the state at least twenty days before the said first Wednes- day of June : and the sheriff of each county, or his deputy, shall deliver all such certificates, by him received? into the secretary's office, at least twenty days before the first Wednesday of June. And that there may be a due meeting of senators on the first Wednesday of June annually, the governor, and a majority of the council for the time being, shall as soon as*may be, examine the returned copies of such records, and fourteen days before the first Wednesday of June, he shall issue his summons to such persons as appear to be chosen senators, by a major- seats on that ity of votes, to attend and take their day. Provided nevertheless, That for the first year the said returned copies shall be examined by the president, and a majority of in office the said shall in like the council then ; and president manner notify the persons elected, to attend and take their seats accordingly. And in case there shall not appear to be a senator elected by shall be a m ijority of votes, for any district, the deficiency sup- viz. the of the house of plied in the following manner, members representatives, and such senators as shall be declared elected, shall take the names of the two persons "having the highest number of votes in the district, and out of them sffall elect, by this foint ballot, the senator wanted for such district ; and ki 1 GENERAL VIEW. 29

manner all such vacancies shall be filled up in every district of the state, and in like manner all vacancies in the senate, arising by death, removal out of the state, or otherwise, shall be supplied as soon as may be after such vacancies happen. The senate shall be final judges of the elections, returns and qualifications of their own members, as pointed out in this constitution. The senate shall have power to adjourn themselves, provided such adjournment do not exceed two days at a time. Provided nevertheless, That whenever they shall sit on the trial of any impeachment, they may adjourn to such time and place as they may think proper, although the legislature be not assembled on such day, or at such place. The senate shall appoint their president and other officers, and determine their own rules of proceedings : and not less than seven members of the senate shall make a quorum for doing business : and when less than eight senators shall be present, the assent of five at least, shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings valid. The senate shall be a court, with full power and authority to hear, try and determine, all impeachments made by the house of representatives against any officer or officers of the state, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or maladministration, in office; with full power to issue summons, or compulsory process, for convening witnesses before them : but previous to the trial of any such impeachment, the members of fhe senate shall respectively be sworn truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question, according to evidence. And every officer, impeached for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration in office, shall be served with an attested copy of the impeachment, and order of senate thereon, with such citation as the senate may direct, setting forth the time and plac? of their to the service shall be made sitting try impeachment ; which by the sheriff, or such other sworn officer as the senate may appoint, at least fourteen days previous to the time of trial; and such citation being duly served and returned, the senate may proceed in the hearing of the impeachment, giving the person impeached (if-he shall appear) full liberty of producing witnesses and proofs, and of making his defence, by himself and counsel, and may also, upon his refusing or neglecting to appear, hear the proofs in support of the impeachment, and render judgment his such thereon, non-appearance notwithstanding ; and judgment shall have the same force and effect as if the person impeached had appeared and pleaded in the trial. Their judgment however, shall not extend further than removal from office, dis- or qualification to hold or enjoy any place of honour, trust, 30 GENERAL VIEW.

this state but the so profit, under ; party convicted, shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to the 1 :?ws ot the land. Whenever the gc ernor shall be impeached, the chiefjustice of the supreme judicial court shall, during the trial, preside in the senate, but have no vote therein.

Executive power.—Governor.—There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be stiled the Governor of the State of New-Hampshire, and whose title shall be His Ex- cellency* The governor shall be chosen annually in the month of March; and the votes for governor shall be received, sorted, counted, certified, and returned, in the same manner as the votes for sena- the shall tors ; and secretary lay the same before the senate and house of representatives on the first Wednesday of June, to be by" them examined, and in case of an election by a majority of votes through the state, the choice shall be by them declared and published. And the trualifications of electors of the governor shall be the same as those for senators if shall have a ma- ; and no person jority of votes, the senate and house of representatives shall by joint ballot elect one of the two persons having the highest number of votes, who shall be declared governor. And no persons shall be eligible to this office, unless at the time of his election, he shall have been an inhabitant of this state for seven years next preceding, and unless he shall be of the age of thirty years, and unless he shall at the same time have an estate of the value of five hundred pounds, one half of which shall consist of a freehold in his own right within this state, and unless he shall be of the protestant religion. In cases of disagreement between the two houses with regard to the time or place of adjournment or prorogation, the governor, with advice of council, shall have a right to adjourn or prorogue the general court, not exceeding ninety days at any one time, as he may determine the public good may require, and he shall dissolve the same seven days before the said first Wednesday of June. And in case of any infectious distemper prevailing in the place where the said court at any time is to convene, or any other cause, whereby dangers may arise to the health or lives of the members from their attendance, the governor may direct the session to be holden at some other the most convenient place within the state. Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the gen- to eral court, shall, before it become a law, be presented GENERAL VIEW, 31

if he shall the governor ; he approve, sign it, but if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated., who shall enter the objections at large it if on their journal and proceed to reconsider ; after such reconsideratior, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with such objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirus of that house, it shall become a law. But in ah such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons, voting for or against the bill, shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the governor, within five days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like as if unless the manner he had signed it, legislature, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every resolve shall be presented to the governor, and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by the senate and house of representatives, according to the rules and lim- itations prescribed in the case of a biU- All judicial officers, the attorney general, solicitors, all sher- iffs, coroners, registers of probate, and all officers of the navy, and general and field officers of the militia, shall be nominated and the and council and appointed by governor ; every such nomination shall be made at least three days prior to such appointment ; and no appointment shall take place, unless a majority of the counsel agree thereto. The. governor and council shall have a negative on each other, both in the nominations and appointments. Every nomination and appointment shall be signed by the governor and council, and every negative shall be also signed by the governor or coun cil who made the same. The captains and subalterns in the respective regiments, shall be nominated and recommended by the field officers to the governor, who is to issue their commissions immediately on receipt of such recommendation. Whenever the chair of the governor shall become vacant, by reason of his death, absence from the state, or otherwise, the of the president senate shall, during such vacancy, have and exercise all the powers and authorities which, by this constitution the is vested governor with, when personally present ; but when the president of the senate shall exercise the office of governor, he shall not hold his office in the senate. 32 GENERAL VIEW.

The governor, with advice of council, shall have full power and authority in the recess of the general court, to prorogue the same from time to time, not exceeding ninety days in any and the one recess of said court ; during sessions of said court, to adjourn or prorogue it to any time the two houses may desire, and to call it together sooner than the time to which it may be adjourned or prorogued, if the welfare of the state should require the same. The governor of this state for the time being, shall be commander in chief of the army and navy, and all the military sea land and shall have full forces of the state, by and ; power by himself, or by any chief commander, or other officer or officers, from time to time, to train, instruct, exercise and militia and for the defence 'and govern' tjie and navy ; special safety of this state, to assemble in martial array, and put in war- like posture the inhabitants thereof, and to lead and conduct them, and with them to encounter, repulse, repel, resist and pursue by force of arms, as well by sea as by land, within and also if without the limits of this state ; and to kill, slay, destroy, necessary, and conquer by all fitting ways, enterprize and means, all and every such person and persons as shall at any time hereafter, in a hostile manner, attempt or enterprize the destruction, of this and to use and invasion, detriment or annoyance state ; exercise over the army and navy, and over the militia in actual service, the law martial in time of war, invasion, and also in re- bellion, declared by the legislature to exist as occasion shall necessarily require : and surprize by all ways and means whatsoever, all and every such person or persons, with their ships, arms, ammunition, and other goods, as shall in a hostile manner invade, or attempt the invading, conquering or annoying, in the is entrusted with this state j and fine, governor hereby all other powers incident to the office of captain general and commander in chief and admiral, to be exercised agreeably to the rules and regulations of the constitution and the laws of at time the land : provided, that the governor shall not any hereafter, by virtue of any power by this constitution granted or hereafter to be granted to him by the legislature, transport to march any of the inhabitants of this state, or oblige them out of the limits of the same, without their free and voluntary consent, or the consent of the general court, nor grant commissions for exercising the law martial in any case, without the advice and consent of the council. The power of pardoning offences, except such as persons may be convicted of before the senate by impeachment of the the house, shall be in the governor, by and with the advice of council of the with ; but no charter pardon granted by governor GENERAL VIEW. 33

advice of council, before convictioR, shall avail the party plead- ing the same, notwithstanding any general or particular express- ions contained therein, descriptive of the offence or offences intended to be pardoned. No officer duly commissioned to command in the militia shall be removed from his office, but by the address of both houses to the governor, or by fair trial in court-martial, pur- suant to the laws of the state for the time being. The commanding officers of the regiments shall appoint their adjutants and quarter-masters; the brigadiers, their brig- the their aids the ade-majors ; major-generals, ; captains and subalterns, their non-commissioned officers. The division of the militia into brigades, regiments and companies, made in pursuance of the militia laws now in force, shall be considered as the proper division of the militia of this state, until the same shall be altered by some future law. No monies shall be issued out of the treasury of this state and disposed of (except such sums as may be appropriated for the redemption of bills of credit, or treasurer's notes, or for the payment of interest arising thereon) but by warrant under the hand of the governor for the time being, by and with the advice and consent of the council, for the necessary support and defence of this state, and for the necessary protection and preservation of the inhabitants thereof, agreeably to the acts and resolves of the general court. All public boards, the commissary-general, all superintend- ing officers of public magazines and stores belonging to this state, and all commanding officers of forts and garrisons within the same, shall once in every three months, officiallv and without requisition, and at other times when required by the governor, deliver to him an account of all goods, stores, provisions, ammunition, cannon, with their appendages, and all small arms with their accoutrements, and of all other public property under their care the respectively ; distinguishing quantity and kind of as as be each, particularly may j together with the condition ,of such forts and garrisons : and the commanding officer shall . exhibit to the governor when required by him, true and exact plans of such forts, and of the land and sea, or harbour or har- bours adjacent. The governor and council shall be compensated for their services, from time to time, by such grants as the general court shall think reasonable. Permanent and honourable salaries shall be established by law, for the justices of the superior co^irt. "34 GENERAL VIEW.

Council.—There shall be annually elected by ballot five counsellors, for advising the governor in the executive part ofgov» ernment. The freeholders and other inhabitants in each county, qualified to vote for senators, shall some time in the month for one counsellor which votes of March, give in their votes ; shall be received, sorted, counted, certified and returned to the secretary's office, in the same manner as the votes for senators, to be by the secretary laid before the senate and house of representatives on the first Wednesday of June. And the person having a majority of votes in any county, shall be considered as duly elected a counsellor : but if no person shall have a majority of votes in any county, the senate and house of representatives shall take the names of the two persons who have the highest number of votes in each county, and not elected, and out of those two, shall elect by joint ballot, the counsellor wanted for such county : and the qualifications for counsellors shall be the same as for senators. If any person thus chosen a counsellor, shall be elected governor or mtmber of either branch of the legislature, and shall the trust or if elected a shall re- accept ; any person counsellor, the office or in case of the or fuse to accept j death, resignation, counsellor out of the state the removal of any ; governor may issue a precept for the election of anew counsellor in that county and the choice shall in where such vacancy shall happen ; be the same manner as before directed : and the governor shall have full power and authority to convene the council, from time to time, at his discretion and with them or the of ; majority them, may and shall from time to time hold a council for ordering and directing the affairs of the state according to the laws of the land. The members of the council may be impeached by the house and tried by the senate, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice, or mal-administration. The resolutions and advice of the council shall be recorded by the secretary in a register, and signed by all the members present thereto this record be called for at agreeing ; and may any either of the and of time by house legislature ; any member the council may enter his opinion contrary to the resolutions of the majority, with the reasons for such opinion. The legislature may, if the public good shall hereafter require it, divide the state into five districts, as nearly equal as may be, governing themselves by the number of rateable polls, and pro-

of elect : portion public taxes ; each district to a counsellor and in case of such division, the manner of the choice shall be conformable to the present mode of election in counties. GENERAL VIEW. 35

And whereas the elections appointed to be made by this constitution on the first Wednesday of June annually by the two houses of the legislature, may not be completed on that day, the said elections may be adjourned from day to day, until the same the order of the elections shall be as follows : be completed ; and the vacancies in the senate (if any) shall be first filled up : the governor shall then be elected, provided there shall be no choice of him by the people : and afterwards the two houses shall proceed to fill up the vacancy (if any) in the council.

Secretary, Treasurer, Commissary-General, &?c.—The secretary, treasurer, and commissary-general, shall be chosen by joint ballot of the senators and representatives assembled in one room. The records of the state shall be kept in the office of the se- he shall attend the and the sen- cretary ; and governor council, ate and representatives,in person or by deputy, as they may require. The secretary of the state shall at all times have a deputy, to be for whose conduct in office he shall be re- by him appointed ; sponsible : and in case of the death, removal, or inability, his shall exercise all the duties of of the secretary ; deputy the office of secretary of this state, until another shall be appointed. The secretary hefore he enters upon the business of his office, shall give bond with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable sum, for the use of the state, for the punctual performance of his trust.

County Treasurer, &?c.—The county treasurers and registers of deeds, shall be elected by the inhabitants of the several towns, in the several counties in the state, according to the method now practised, and the laws of the state. Provided nevertheless, The legislature shall have authority to alter the manner of certifying the votes and the mode of those officers not so as to of electing ; but deprive the people the right they now have of electing them. And the legislature, on the application of the major part of the inhabitants of any county, shall have authority to divide the same into two districts for registering deeds, if to them it shall district to elect a of deeds : appear necessary ; each register and before they enter upon the business of their offices, shall be respectively sworn faithfully to discharge the duties thereof, and shall severaHy give bond, with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable sum, for the use of the county, for the punctual performance of their respective trusts. 36 GENERAL VIEW.

yudiciary Power*—The tenure that all commissioned officers shall have by law in their offices, shall be expressed in their respective commissions—all judicial officers duly appointed, commissioned and sworn, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, excepting those concerning whom there is a different provision made in this constitution : Provided nevertheless, the governor, with consent of counsel, may remove them upon the address of both houses of the legislature. Each branch of the legislature, as well as the governor and council, shall have authority to require the opinions of the justices of the superior court, upon important questions of law and upon solemn occasions. In order that the people may not suffer from the long continu- in dis- ance in place of any justice of the peace, who shall fail charging the important duties of his office with ability and fideli- void at ty, all commissions of justices of the peace shall become the expiration of five years from their respective dates, and upon the expiration of any commission the same may if necessary be renewed, or another person appointed, as shall most conduce to the well being ot the state. All causes of marriage, divorce and alimony, and all appeals from the respective judges of probate, shall be heard and tried by thr superior court until the legislature shall by law make other provision. The general court are empowered to give to justices of the in civil the demanded peace, jurisdiction causes, when damages shall not exceed four pounds, and title of real estate is not con« out with of to either to some other cerned ; ngiu appeal party, court, so that a trial by jury in the last resort may fce had. No person shall hold the office of judge of any court, or he attained judge of probate, or sheriff of any county, after has the age of seventy years. No judge of any court or justice of the peace, shall act as attorney, or be of counsel to any party, or originate any civil suit, in matters which shall come, or be brought before him as judge, or justice of the peace. All matters relating to the probate of wills and granting letters of administration, shall be exercised by the judges of probate, in such manner as the legislature have directed, or may shall their hereafter direct : and the judges of probate hold courts at such place or places, on such fixed days, as the con- veniency of the people may require, and the legislature from time to time appoint. No judge, or register of probate, shall be of counsel, act as advocate, or receive any fees as advocate or counsel, in any GENERAL VIEW. tf? probate business which is pending, or may be brought into any court of probate in the county of which he is judge or register.

Clerks of Court. —The judges of the courts (those of probate excepted) shall appoint their respective clerks, to hold their office during pleasure : and no such clerk shall act as an attorney, or be of counsel in any cause in the court of which he is clerk, nor shall he draw any writ originating a civil action.

Encouragement of Literature, &c.—Knowledge and learning, generally diffused through a community, being essential to the of a free and the preservation government ; spreading opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts this of the country, being highly conducive to promote end ; it shall be the duty of the legislators and magistrates, in all future periods of this government, to cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools ; to encourage private and public institutions, rewards and immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts, sciences, commerce, trades, manufactures, and natural history of the country ; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and general benevolence, public and private charity, industry and economy, honesty and punctuality, sincerity, sobriety, and all social affections, and generous sentiments among the people.

Oath and Exclusion Commissions Subscriptions ; from Offices ; ; Writs ; Confirmation of Laws ; Habeas Corpus ; The Enact- Stile ing ; Continuance of Officers ; Provision for a Future Revision of the Constitution, &c. Any person chosen governor, counsellor, senator, or representative, military or civil officer, (town officers excepted) accepting the trust, shall, before he proceeds to execute the duties of his office, make and subscribe the following declaration, viz. I, A. B. do solemnly swear, that I will bear faith and true allegiance to the State of New-Hampshire, and will support the constitution thereof. So help me God, I, A. B. do solemnly and sincerely swear and affirm, that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent on me as according to the best of my abilities, agreeably to the rules and regulations of this constitution, and the laws of the State of New-Hampshire. So help me God, Any person having taken and subscribed the oath of allegi- the ance, and same being filed in the secretary's office, he shall not be obliged to take said oath again. 38 GENERAL VIEW.

Provided always, When any person chosen or appointed as aforesaid, shall be of the denomination called quakers, or shall be scrupulous of swearing, and shall decline taking the said oaths, stich person shall take and subscribe them, omitting the word swear, and likewise the words so help me God, subjoining instead thereof, this I do under the pains andpenalties ofperjury* And the oaths or affirmations shall be taken and subscribed by the governor, before the president of the senate, in presence of both houses of the legislature, and by the senators and representatives first elected under this constitution, as altered and amended, before the president of the state, and a majority of the council then in office, and forever afterwards, before the governor and council for all other the time being ; and by officers, before such persons and in such manner as the legislature shall from time to time appoint. All commissions shall be in the name of the State of New-Hamp- shire, signed by the governor and attested by the secretary, or his deputy, and shall have the great seal of the state affixed thereto. All writs issuing out of the clerk's office in any of the courts of law, shall be in the name of the State of New-Hampshire ; shall be under the seal of the court whence they issue, and of the court but bear test of the chief, first, or senior justice ; whe*i such justice shall be interested, then the writ shall bear test of some other justice of the court to which the same shall be returnable and the clerk of such court. ; be signed by All indictments, presentments, and informations shall con- clude, against the peace and dignity of the state. The estates of such persons as may destroy their own lives, shall not for that offence be forfeited, but descend or ascend in if in a natural the same manner as such persons had died way ; nor shall any article which shall accidentally occasion the death of any person, be henceforth deemed a deodand, or in any wise forfeited on account of such misfortune. All the laws which have heretofore been adopted, used and approved, in the province, colony, or State of New-Hampshire, and usually practised on in the courts of law, shall remain and be in full force until altered and repealed by the legislature ; such parts thereof only excepted, as are repugnant to the rights and liberties contained in this constitution : provided that nothing herein contained, when compared with the 23d article the al- in the bill of rights, shall be construed to affect laws ready made respecting the persons, or estates, of absentees. The privilege and benefit of the habeas corpus, shall be enjoyed in this state, in the most free, easy, cheap, expeditious, and ample manner, and shall not be suspended by the legislature, except upon the most urgent and pressing occasions, and for a time not exceeding three months. GENERAL VIEW. 3§

The enacting stile in making and passing acts, statutes, and senate laws, shall be—Be it enacted by the and house of representatives, in general court convened. court No governor, or judge of the supreme judicial shall hold of this any office or place under the authority state, except such as by this constitution they are admitted to hold, saving that the judges of the said court may hold the office of justice of the state nor shall hold or the peace throughout ; they any place or from other office, or receive any pension salary, any state, government, or power whatever. No person shall be capable of exercising at the same time, more than one of the following offices within this state, viz. of deeds and never more judge of probate, sheriff, register ; than two offices of profit, which may be held by appointment of the governor, or governor and council, or senate inferior and house of representatives, or superior or coults ;„ military offices and offkes of justices of the peace excepted. No person holding the office of judge of any court (except special judges,) secretary, treasurer of the state, attorney-general, commissary-general, military officers receiving pay from the continent or this state (excepting officers of the militia, occasionally called forth on an emergency) register of deeds, sheriff, or officers of the customs, including naval officers, col- lectors of excise and state and continental taxes, hereafte* appointed and not having settled their accounts with the respective officers with whom it is their duty to settle such acccunts, members of congress, or any person holding any office mder the United States, shall at the same time hold the office ofgov- ernor, or have a seat in the senate, or house of representa ive3, council but his chosen and or ; being appointed to, and accepting the same, shall operate as a resignation of their seat h the or house of council chair, senate, representatives, or ; and the place so vacated shall be filled up. No member of the coancil shall have a seat in the senate or house of representatives. shall No person ever be admitted to hold a seat in the legislature, or any office of trust or importance, under this government, who in the due course of law has been convicted of bribery or corruption in obtaining an election or appointment. In all cases where sums of money are mentioned in this constitution, the value thereof shall be computed in silver at six shillings and eight pence per ounce. the that To end there may be no failure of justice, or danger to the state by the alterations and amendments made in the con- the stitution, general court is hereby fully authorized and directed to fix the time when the alterations and amendments shall take effect, and make the necessary arrangements accordi»gly«* * See act of 14th Dec. 1792. 40 GENERAL VIEW.

It shall be the duty of the selectmen and assessors, of the several towns and places in this state, in warning the first annual meetings for the choice of senators, after the expiration of seven years from the adoption of this constitution as amended, to insert expressly in the warrant, this purpose among the others for the meeting, to wit, to take the sense of the qualified voters on the of a revision of the constitution subject ; and the meeting being warned accordingly (and not otherwise) the moderator shall take the sense of the qualified voters present, as to of a of the the necessity a revision ; and return number of votes for and against such necessity, shall be made by the clerk, sealed up and directed to the general court, at their then next ses- if it shall to the court sion ; and appear general by such return, that the sense of the people of the state has been taken, and that in the opinion of the majority of the qualified voters in the state, present and voting at said meetings, there is a necessity for a revision of the constitution, it shall be the duty of the general court to call a convention for that purpose, otherwise the general court shall direct the sense of the people to be taken, and then proceed in the manner before mentioned. The delegates to fye chosen in the same manner, and proportioned as the representatives to the general court : provided that no alterations shall be made in this constitution, before the same shall be laid before the towns and unincorporated places, and approved by- two thirds of the qualified voters present and voting on the subject. Ajnd the same method of taking the sense of the people, as to a revision of the constitution, and calling a convention for that purpose, shall be observed afterwards, at the expiration of every seven years. This form of government shall be enrolled on parchment, and deposited in the secretary's office, and be a part of the laws of to the the land : and printed copies thereof shall be prefixed books containing the laws of this state, in all future editions thereof.

Judicial Department.—The judicial department in New- Hampshire as at present organized, consists in the first place of a superior court ofjudicature, composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. This courthas cognizance of high crimes and misdemeanors, receives appeals from the inferior courts and the courts of probate, and determines all questions of marriage, divorce, and alimony. It holds two sessions annually in each county. There are also in this state two district courts of common pleas. For this purpose the state is divided into two districts, GENERAL VIEW. 41 one composed of the counties of Rockingham, Strafford, and Hillsborough, and the other of the counties of Grafton, Ches- hire, and Coos. In each of these districts there is a court of common pleas, composed of one chief justice who is assisted by two associate justices in each county. This court holds its sessions semi-annually in each county* There is also in each county a court of probate of wills, &c. consisting of one judge assisted by a register. It sits eveiy month in different parts of each county. This court has cognizance of all matters pertaining to the descent and settlement of estates testate and intestate. It exercises care over widows, orphans, idiots, and insane peisons, and has the management of confiscated estates. For a more particular view of the laws of this state the reader is referred to the last edition of them.

Military Strength.—The militia of New- Hampshire is composed of every able bodied, white male citizen resident therein, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, except those exempted by law, among whom are persons exempted on the ground of religious scruples relating to war. According to the annual return of the adjutant-general in to 1814, the enrolled infantry amounted 22,654—the artillery to 1,476—the cavalry to 2,179, total 26,309. There were also 34 pieces of brass ordnasce. The militia of New-Hampshire by a law passed December 22, 1808, is divided into three divisions, six brigades, thirty-seven regiments, and seventy-four battalions. Each division is commanded by a major-general, who is allowed two aids with the rank of major. Each brigade has one brigadier-general and a brigade-inspector, who also performs the duty of a brigade-major. Each regiment has one colonel-commandant, one lieutenant-colonel, and one major. All these officers must reside within the limits of their respective commands. — Fortifications, (See Portsmouth and Newcastle.)

Religion»-*+T\ie constitution of New-Hampshire secures to the people of this state the freedom of religious opinion and worship. The laws provide equally for the protection of every " class of christians, and the constitution expressly declares, that no subordination of one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law." The people of this state claimand exercise the right of selecting and supporting their own religious instructors, nor can any person be compelled to contribute towards the support of any religious denomination to which he 6 J^JfAA^tJiAf^

42 GENERAL VIEW

does not belong. For every rational purpose therefore, liberty of conscience exists in this state in the fullest sense of the word. denominations' in this state are seven The principal religious in number, viz. congregationalists, presbyterians, episcopalians, and universalists. There is also baptists, methodists, quakers, a small society of sandimanians in Portsmouth, and one of shakers in each of the towns of Canterbury and Enfield. The most numerous of these sects is the baptist denomination. The christian religion under some form is almost universally the state. Those few who professed throughout sceptics pre- as sub- tend to deny this religion have not yet agreed upon any stitute for it. There are in New-Hampshire 261 houses appropriated to are in sab- religious worship, which general frequented every of school bath, and there are nearly the same number houses and other buildings which are used in the same manner. From the best information we can procure, there are in this state 222 ordained ministers, of whom 100 are congregational- 3 3 6 methodists, 3 presbyterians, episcopalians, universalists, ists, and 107 baptists. It is a remarkable fact that some of the above sects differ with each other much only in name. Many of them disagree less than do individuals of the same society in their private opinions.

Manners £s? Customs,—It is a much easier task to describe the of the manners of past times than present ; notwithstanding a however the variety in this respect which must prevail in whole state, there must exist some general and prominent traits which all will recognize. the first civilized set- The people of New- Hampshire, like tlers of all new countries, are in general robust, brave, and active. The advantages of early education were not formerly of such easy access nor so generally enjoyed as the true interests of the state demanded, 'yet there were at all times individ- and uals who surmounted the want of those advantages, who y by the energy of native genius and persevering industry qualified themselves to render the most important services to their fellow citizens. Since the revolution however, the means of as well as the facili- early instruction and mental improvement increased and mul- ties of general inloi mation have abundantly these will continue to tiplied, and unquestionably advantages increase. But of however recent origin may have been the literature of New- Hampshire, the character of this state has always pos- GENERAL VIEW. . 43

sessed those valuable qualities which have rendered it an important branch of the American union. Its inhabitants can number among their native characteristics, fortitude and patience in adversity, intrepidity in danger, and alertness in action. Many of the first settlers of this state were often reduced to poverty. Their style of living was as simple as possible. Their houses were constructed of logs and poles, united at their ends by incisions where they meet. The crevices between these logs were plastered and filled up with stiff clay, the consistency of which was increased by a mixture of earth or straw. The roof was either of bark, or thin portions of logs. The fire place was merely a pile of stones, within which the fire was kindled on the ground, while the smoke was allowed to escape as it could through a hole in the roof. During the winter, it was the practice to keep a fire by night as well as day. Ovens were situated at a distance from the houses and were constructed of stones, cemented and plastered over with clay. Through- out the new settlements, there were to be seen many of these rude attempts in the art of house building, which served for the accommodation of whole families, until their industry could prepare better materials and a better situation for their dwellings. By these modes of living our forefathers became inured to hardships, and by subjecting themselves to abstinence and labour their children acquired the means of raising up large families, and rendering themselves independent freeholders. They feel therefore, all that dignity and pride which spring from the con- sciousness that their estates are the fruit of their industry. From the traditions they have received of the fortitude, sufferings and struggles of their ancestors, they have caught the in- spiration of courage and the glow of patriotic emulation. New-Hampshire possesses therefore in its local character, the -sources of manly and heroic virtue, and of all that persevering intrepidity which can at once encounter with patience the hardships of a desert and face an enemy without dismay. Their martial spirit needs only opportunities for its exercise. The militia of this state, under the advantages of regular discipline, officers and commanded by of trust and ability, is fully adequate to all the purposes of local defence. The female sex in New-Hampshire have the general characteristics which distinguish New-England women ; freshness, delicacy, and softness of countenance, creating not unfrequent- ly the perfection of female beauty. Among that portion of them who have enjoyed the benefits of early education, the traveller may find all the fascinations of manners, the charms of conversation, and the attractions of accomplishment. The females of this state are in general trained from their youth to 44 - GENERAL VIEW. all the duties of domestic economy, from which the distinctions of fortune are seldom considered an exemption. The employ- ments of the needle and other domestic avocations are here regarded as honourable., and indolence brings equal reproach upon both sexes. la the farming towns, the women manufacture the clothing of their families. Their fabrics of linen and woollen are of the firmest and neatest quality. No part of the world can produce superior butter and cheese to that made on the banks of the Connecticut. Gambling is a vice unknown in New-Hampshire, except among that worthless few who are either unable, or unwilling to follow the pursuits of honest industry. The gamester, the jockey, and the knave are the objects of detestation and neg- lect among all whose object it is to sustain an honourable character.

Literature £s? Science*—The only college in this state is in the town of Hanover (See Hanover.) It was called Dart- mouth college from the Right Hon. William, Earl of Dart- mouth, who was one of its earliest and principal benefactors. Its charter was obtained in the year 1769. There is an institution annexed to the college, called Moore's school, containing between 50 and 60 scholars. The number of academies and incorporated schools in this state is about 20. One of the academies is in Exeter, and is

called Phillips Exeter Academy. It was founded in 1781 ; its condition is very flourishing, and its reputation and useful- ness very extensive. There are also smaller academies at Gil- manton, New-Ipswich, Chesterfield, Atkinson, &c. &c. For accounts of those institutions, the reader is referred to the de- scriptions of the towns where they are situated.

Banks.—There are four banks at Portsmouth, viz. the New- Hampshire Bank, incorporated 1792, N. H. Union Bank, incorporated 1802, Portsmouth Bank, incorporated 1803, and the Rockingham Bank, incorporated 1813. There are also banks at Dover, Exeter, Haverhill, and Keene, all incorporated in 1803, and at Amherst and Concord, incorporated in 1806.

Insurance Companies. —Of these institutions, there are in New- Hampshire four, all of them at Portsmouth. They have power to effect insurance upon vessels and their cargoes, as well as oth> r goods and chattels. They insure also against fire upon buildings and merchandize, against captivity, and against loss of life. GENERAL VIEW. 46

Progressive Population.—The earliest census or authentic at-, ed estimate of the population of this state, which we have been able to find was made in 1680, when this territory was under the British government. The province, as it was then called, then contained only four towns, viz. Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter, and Hampton. The number of qualified voters at that time, in in Dover in 57 and in were Portsmouth 71, 61, Hampton ', Exeter 20, making a total of 209. No regular estimate of the whole population was made before the year 1749, at which time, the province was under the immediate government of Gov. Wentworth. The progressive population of the state since that time is as in it to in it follows ; 1749, amounted 30,000 ; 1767, was 52,000 ; in 1775, it was 82,000; in 1790, it was 141,000; in 1800, it was 183,000; and in 1810, it was 214,460, of whom 37,200 were legal voters. The advance of population therefore in ten years was 30,602. This must have been the natural increase, because New-Hampshire does not gain so much by emigration from her sister states as she loses by emigration to Vermont, New- York, and the western country. Where land can be obtained at so cheap a rate, and the means of subsistence are so easy as in the new settled parts of our state, much encouragement is necessarily given to early marriage, and indeed an unmarried man, of the age of thirty, is rarely to be found in our country towns. Our young farmers, having cleared a small tract of land and provided the means of present accommodation, soon experience " the truth of the old adage, that it is not good for man to be alone." Having the prospect of immediate support before their eyes, they feel no dread of early connexions. Indeed a female soon becomes the indispensable partner of agricultural labour in our new settlements, where the land is brought to pasture and the business of a dairy has commenced, over which it is the province of women to preside, and with whom it is at once an object of interest and ambition.

Counties, £f?c. —(See various articles in the Gazetteer.)

Manufactories.—The manufacturing interests of New-Hamp- shire have been recently in a state of rapid progression. This state contains more than thirty incorporated factories in the branches of cotton and woollen, many of them on an extensive scale. There are also several others which are not incorporated. Most of them have been established within five or six years past, and are, with few exceptions, now in operation. These establishments will be particularly mentioned in the ac- 46 GENERAL VIEW,

counts ol the respective towns where they are situated, viz. Exeter, Dover, Peterborough, Milford, Lebanon, New-Ips- wich, &c. &c. There is also the New-Hampshire Iron Factory Company, incorporated in 1805, the Haverhill and Franconian Iron Factory Company, incorporated in 1808, the N. H. Mineral Company, incorporated in 1811, the New-Boston Wire and Iron Factory in the Bath r in- Company, incorporated 1812, Alum Compan) , corporated in 1812, and the N.H. Glass Manufactory Company at Keene, incorporated in 1814. There are also several furnaces for casting iron, hollow ware, &c. for rolling and slitting iron, casting brass cannon, and at Exeter there is a good manufactory of small arms. Carding and spinning machines, all kinds of cabinet work and turnery, wool and cotton cards, all kinds of articles in the cooper's line, bricks, tiles, and potters wares, are manufactured in various parts of the state, as also ardent spirits and essences of various kinds, hats, shoes, boots, saddles, and harness, carriages of all sorts mill- ; tin, copper, and brass ware, clocks, bells, combs, stones, ploughs, and all the implements of husbandry. The earliest traffic that was known in this state was that of the fur trade with the Indians, The next trade was in fish, and the next in lumber. In former years the banks of the Pis- cataqua were covered with excellent pine timber, which was exported in various forms. The first settlers erected many saw- mills on the branches of the rivers, and a brisk trade in this branch was carried on for many years. When the lands adjacent to the rivers were stripped of their first growth, it was supposed that the lumber business would decline. This however has not been the fact. From an interior circuit of 40 or 50 miles, timber is transported for exportation. During a period of several years after the revolution, the partial imposts and impolitic restrictions of our government excluded foreign vessels from our ports, while a deficiency both of capital and enterprize, prevented the merchants of the Piscataqua from exploring the many new sources of commerce, which were opened by their national independence, and which their brethren in other seaports were improving with avidity. But the operations of the Federal government have introduced a more equal system of imposts and other regulations of trade by which the commercial interests of this as well as of other parts of the union have been rapidly advanced. The officers of the customs in New- Hampshire are appointed by the national executive, and the revenue arising from its commerce, goes into the national treasury. The salutary effects of the attention of congress to the navigation of New- Hampshire is evident from the situation of GENERAL VIEW. 4T this as well as of some other states in the union. New-Hamp- shire is situated in the bosom of Massachusetts, with only a narrow strip of sea coast and only one port belonging to her ; her interior country is spread extensively along the borders of adjacent states in such a manner, as to compel her to a commercial connection with them. All her towns which lie on her southern border, and most of those which lie on her western border, find it more convenient to carry their produce to the markets either of Newburyport, Boston or Hartford than to Ports- mouth. The towns situated on the Saco river and those on the northern part of the Connecticut, will necessarily communicate with the markets in the District of Maine. The lumber, which is cut on the upper banks of the Merrimack, is rafted down that river and exported from Newburyport or Boston, while most of that which is cut on the Connecticut river is carried to Hart- ford^ The largest and best part of New-Hampshire is therefore cut off by nature from all commercial intercourse with her only sea port. Lumber being a bulky article, is always transported to the nearest emporium, and when it is possible, by water carriage. All other heavy articles, such as pot and pear! ashes, beef, pork, cheese, butter, flax, &c. which require waggons or sleighs, as also live cattle, sheep, and swine will always be sent to the most advantageous market. These circumstances sufficiently explain the fact, that the government of New- Hampshire have never been able, either before or since the revolution, to concentrate within this state its proper commercial advantages, nor even to ascertain the value of its native productions. It is impracticable therefore to describe particularly the number or value of the articles of trade which are produced in New-Hampshire and exported from the different ports of Mas- sachusetts and Connecticut. To confine the detail to the port of Portsmouth would give a very imperfect and indistinct idea of the productiveness of the state. Such facts and estimates however which have been obtained on this subject, will be de- veloped under their proper heads. The staple commodities of New- Hampshire, may be said to consist of the following articles, viz. lumber, provisions, horses, neat cattle, fish, pot and pearl ashes, and flax-seed. The total value of the exportation from Portsmouth from October, 1789, to October, 1790, was $296,839,51 cents. In 1798, the total value in that year was $723,241. In 1810, it was only $234,650. This diminution was caused by the existing commercial restrictions. Since 1810, the commerce of Portsmouth has revived very slowly. (See Portsmouth.) 4b \ GENERAL VIEW.

Free Masonry,—The grand lodge of New- Hampshire was incorporated December 30, 1805, for 20 years. There are a number of lodges in the state subordinate to this grand lodge, viz. Washington, St. John's, Jerusalem, Franklin, Benevolent, &c. &c. Trinity Chapter of Royal Masons at Hopkinton, and St. Andrew's Royal Arch Chapter at Hanover.

Societies,—The number and character of the societies in this state reflect honour upon the taste, intelligence and humanity of its inhabitants. There are two mechanical societies, viz. New- Hampshire and Walpole, both incorporated in 1805, two mis- the and sionary societies, New-Hampshire Piscataqua ; a marine society, a bible society, two agricultural societies, and a medical society, which was incorporated in 1791. The medical society is divided into districts, viz. the eastern, centre, and western. The eastern and centre districts contain the fellows and associates elected from the counties of Rockingham, Straf- and the ford, Hillsborough ; western contains those elected from Cheshire, Grafton, and Coos. The annual meeting is held at Concord on the first Tuesday of. June. There are several incorporated musical societies in this state, viz. Rockingham, Concord, Handellian, Londonderry, Plymouth, Central, &c. the professed objects of all which are the circulation of approved tunes, the diffusion of a classical taste, and the enjoyment of all the pleasures arising from the social cultivation of sacred harmony. There are library societies incorporated in every considerable township of the state. There is perhaps ho mode of public improvement so practicable in a small community as that of social libraries. Of these establishments, New-Hampshire contains at least two hundred, comprising in the whole nearly 10,000 well selected volumes. There are also in this state a large number of societies for the distribution of religious tracts, several for the suppression of immorality, and several to promote the observance of the sabbath. Education receives as much encouragement in this state as in any part of the world. The legislature of New-Hampshire in 1808, passed an act making the following provisions, that the selectmen of the several towns and parishes, and places in this state be empowered and required to assess annually upon the inhabitants of their respective towns, parishes and places, ac- im- cording to their polls and rateable estates, and also upon proved and unimproved lands and buildings of non-residents, in a sum to be computed at the rate of seventy dollars for every one dollar of their proportion of public taxes for the time being, and so on for a greater or less sum, which sums when collected to be appropriated to the sole purpose of keeping an English GENERAL VIEW. 49 school or schools within the town or parish for which the same shall be assessed, for instruction in the various sounds and powers of letters in the English language, reading, writing, En- and such other branches glish grammar, arithmetic, geography, as are necessary to be taught in an English school. And fur- thermore, no person to be deemed qualified to teach any such schools, unless he or she shall procure a certificate from some or or able and respectable English grammar school-master, learned minister of the gospel, or preceptor of some academy, he or the president, professor, or a tutor of some college, that or she is well qualified to teach such school, and likewise a certificate from the selectmen or minister of the town or parish to which he or she belongs, that he or she sustains a good moral certificate to be to the selectmen or character ; this presented committee for inspecting schools in the town or parish where such school is to be kept, previous to the commencement of such school. Also, that each town in the state shall at their annual meeting, appoint three or more suitable persons to visit and at such inspect the schools in their respective towns or parishes, time as shall be most convenient for the parties concerned, and in a manner they may judge most conducive to the progress of literature, morals, and religion.

State Prison,—The state prison of New-Hampshire is a handsome stone building erected at Concord three stories high, containing thirtv-six cells. The prison is connected with the keepers house, a building of four stories. The whole is enclosed by a wall fourteen feet in height. The workmanship of this edifice is not surpassed by any thing of the kind in the United States. The internal affairs of the prison are under the superintendence of three directors and a warden who officiates as the keeper. These officers are appointed by the governor and council. The minister of the town officiates as chaplain. The business of the prison is regulated in a manner highly creditable to the immediate officers. At present there are about thirty convicts, most of whom are employed in the manufactory of wooden screws, of which article, nearly ten thousand gross were manufactured for the proprietors in less than twelve months. There are other articles fabricated here, such as door hinges and almost every description of smiths work. The employment of the prisoners is constant and sys- tematized, and their food plain and wholesome. These circumstances, in addition to the regularity of their discipline, and the healthy situation of the prison, at once alleviate the pains of confinement and afford opportunity for reflection and amend- ment. This subject naturally leads to a. cursory retrospect ©f 7 git GENERAL VIEW the criminal laws of the state. In 1792, the following crime* death the laws then were punishable with by existing ; murder, treason, rape, sodomy, burglary, arson, robbery, and forgery of public securities. In June, 1812, a bill was enacted by the alterations legislature, making great in this criminal code. By that and subsequent statutes, murder and treason only are made punishable by death, while other crimes, before considered capital, are now made punishable by imprisonment for life in the state for minor offences the term of confinement is prison ; proportionably shortened.

History. —Under this head it will only be attempted to exhibit some of the principal outlines of the history of this state. It will be observed that many of the events in the following chronology belong to this state only as an integral member of the union. This territory was discovered in 1614, by Capt. John Smith, and received the name of New-Hampshire from Capt. Mason, the original patentee. 1623—In the spring of this year, Edward and William Hil- ton, fishmongers from London, with some other persons landed at Little Harbour, but not being satisfied with that place, they erected their stage eight miles higher up the river toward the N. W. on a neck of land which the Indians called Newichawaunat, which name was changed by the English to Northam, and afterwards to Dover. 1624—In the month of March of this year, Mr. Edward Winslow arrived at Plymouth in New-England. He conveyed with him in his ship three heifers and a bull, which were the first neat cattle ever brought into this country. 1627—Mr. Allerton of the Plymouth company went to En- gland to procure ? patent for a trading place on the Kenne- bec river, the planters at Piscataqua having threatened to obtain an exclusive patent for the same ground. 1629—Some of the planters who were scattered over Mas- sachusetts, wishing to make a settlement in the neighbourhood of the Piscataqua, and imitating the example of those at Plymouth, who had purchased their lands of the Indians, (as they conscientiously thought this necessary to give them a of the Indians a just title) procured general assembly at Swamscot Falls, (now Exeter) where a deed was obtained from four Sycamores. 1631 —The whole plantation of New-Hampshire was this year divided into two parts. Capt. Thomas Wiggin was appointed agent for the upper and Capt. Walter Neal for the lower. The former ©i these divisions contained what is now GENERAL VIEW. 51 called Dover, Durham, &c. and the latter contained Ports- mouth, Rye, Newcastle, Newington, and a part of Green- land. A house was this year erected at Strawberry Bank, called the Great House. Humphrey Chadbourne had the care of the saw mills at the upper plantations : the descendants of this man are to the present day persons of considerable note. from several The proprietors this year sent over England pieces of cannon which they directed their agents to mount at some a fort. stationed place most convenient for They accordingly them on the northwest point of the great island which lies at the mouth of the Piscataqua harbour, and laid out the ground " about a bow shot" distance from the water side to a high rock, on which, it was contemplated to build the principal fort. 1532—During this year the coast was alarmed by reports of a of a pirate, one Dixy Bull, who with company fifteen, being employed in the Indian trade at the eastward, had taken several boats and dismantled the fort at Pemaquid : Capt. Neal, collecting a small band, equipped four pinnaces and shallops from the Piscataqua and manned them with forty men, which was all the this the force that could be spared from plantations ; fleetj after uniting with a barge containing twenty men from Boston, sailed for Pemaquid, but were forced by contrary winds and bad weather to return without meeting with the enemy. This was the first naval armament equipped from New-Hampshire. arrived after- The pirates having proceeded further eastward, wards in England, where Bull met with his just punishment. 1633—Neal and Wiggin joined in surveying their respective plantations, and in laying out the towns of Portsmouth and Northam, and another, which was afterwards called Hampton, although at this place no settlement had as yet been made. 1634—By this time Mason and Georges had become, either by purchase or common consent, the principal, if not the sole proprietors of this territory. These gentlemen, perceiving that as yet only five or six houses had been erected in both plantations, renewed their exertions and sent over a fresh supply of labourers and materials for carrying on the settlement. They appointed Francis Williams the first governor. He was a gentleman Of sound sense and discretion, and ao acceptable to the people, that when they afterwards united in a body politic, they unanimously continued him their ruler. A meeting house was this year erected at Dover Neck, which was the first edifice of the kind in New- Hampshire. 1635—Sir Ferdinand Georges and Capt. Mason, having be- stowed upon these settlements more pains and expense than the other members of the grand council of Plymouth, and seeing no o 2 GENERAL VIEW. prospect of any equivalent reward, fearing also from the great clamour in England against monopolies, that they should soon be forced to resign their charter, entered this year upon a new project, which was to procure a general governor for the whole territory of New-England, to be immediately sent over, and to have jurisdiction from St. Croix to Maryland. In this plan however thev did not succeed. 1636—This year one Burdet who had been* a minister of Yarmouth in England, came over to Dover, and continued for some time in high estimation with the people, until by artful in- sinuations he excited such a jealousy against Wiggin, the governor of the place, that they deprived the latter of his office and elected Burdet in his stead, who was in reality, a vicious and profane man. 1637—Several eminently pious persons this year removed in- to this colony from Massachusetts. That religious persecution was the cause of their removal, is evident not only from Mrs. Hutchinson, but it appears from other public proceedings, that inquisition had been enforced over their private opinions as well as over their declarations and conduct, Toleration in rulers, had been preached against as a sin, which would bring down the judgments of heaven upon the land. 1638—This year John Wheelwright commenced his settlement at Exeter. His followers immediately formed themselves into a church, and decreeing themselves beyond the jurisdiction of- Massachusetts, they formed a separate political body, and made choice of Nicholas Needham, Isaac Grosse, and Thomas Wilson as their rulers for the first year. The laws were enacted by a popular assembly and formally sanctioned by the rulers. Treason against the country or the king, (who was styled the Lord's-anointed !) were made capital crimes, and sedition was punished by a fine of ten pounds. This association lasted about three years. At this time a settlement was formed at Winnecumet, which was afterwards called Hampton. The first house in this place was built by Nicholas Easton, and was called the bound-house, (See Hampton) Nicholas Easton afterwards removed to Rhode- Island, and ereotedthe first house in Newport. Oxen were at this time sold at Hampton for twenty-five pounds sterling per head. This year was made memorable by a remarkable earthquake, which happened on the 2d day of June. Its approach was announced by a low rum- bling noise, similar to that of distant thunder. Its passage was from the northward to the eastward. As the sound increased, the earth began to shake so violently as to drive people from tht houses, nor could they stand without supporting themselves by posts and fences. About half an hour after this, another GENERAL VIEW. ^3 shock commenced, was not so violent as the first, which was felt even a great distance at sea. 1639—This year Capt. John Underhill' was made governor at Dover. As soon as he was fixed in authority, he proceeded to gather a church, over which Hanserd Knolleys was appointed minister. He was a baptist of the antinomian order, and like the governor his patron, was a man of bad character. Be- fore the end of the year, Underhill was displaced and one Rob- erts was appointed in his stead. 1640—During this year the troubles at Dover increased. One Larkeham, a native of Lime in England, and formerly minister at came over talents as a Barnstead, ; possessing good preacher, he eclipsed Knolleys and was chosen in his place. On this occasion a council was called, composed of Simon Broadstreet, Esq. of Boston, the celebrated Hugh Peters minister of Salem, and Timothy Dalton, minister of Hampton. They travelled on foot to Dover but did not succeed in effecting a permanent arrangement. Underhill, Knolleys, and Larkeham removed out of the colony. During all this period the people of Portsmouth, Dover, &c. had no right of self government delegated from the British crown, but finding the necessity of some more determinate form than they had as yet enjoyed, they combined themselves in separate bodies politic, after the example of their neighbours at Ex- eter. The inhabitants of Dover, by a written instrument, subscribed by forty persons, agreed to submit to the laws of England and to such other regulations as should be formed by a majority of their number, until the pleasure of the king should be known. The date of a similar association at Portsmouth is not known. Mr. Hutchinson supposed the whole number of neat cattle in the colony of Massachusetts in 1640, to be 12,000, and the " sheep about 4000, and he says, that a cow, f.old two years ago for 30/. may now be purchased for 5 or 6/." It is probable that there were in New-Hampshire at this time, about 1200 neat cattle— and 300 sheep. 1641 At this tinje, all the settlements by a voluntary act submitted to Massachusetts and were comprehended in the county of Norfolk, which extended from the Merrimack to the Piscataqua. By a subsequent order, a very extraordinary concession was made to the towns of Portsmouth and Dover, which indicated a strong anxiety on the part of the government to retain these towns under their controul. The test, which had been established by law, was dispensed with in their favour. Their freemen were allowed to vote in town affairs, and their deputies to sit in the general court, although they were not church, members, (Sept. 28th%) 54 GENERAL VIEW.

1643—About this time, several persons at Boston were whipped, fined and banished for the crime of what was then called heresy. In this year also, Boston castle was built. The church at Boston refused the church at Exeter the privilege of settling a minister. Mr. Belknap remarks, that this stretch of power, which would now be regarded as an infringement of christian liberty, was then agreeable to most of the fathers of New-England. 1645—An union having now been formed between the settlements on the Piscataqua and the colony of Massachusetts, their history for the succeeding forty years is of course in a great measure identified. In the year 1646, Mr. Winthrop was chosen governor, and Mr. Dudley, lieutenant governor. In 1647, an epidemic sickness passed through the continent. En- glish, French, Dutch, and Indians were indiscriminately the victims of it. It was attended with a slight fever. Those, who resorted to bleeding or who used cooling medicines generally died. Its ravages extended to the West-Indies, where 5 or 6000 were destroyed by it. A similar contagion has passed over the country at several successive periods. 1648—This year, Rhode-Island requested admission into the New-England confederacy, but she was not received. The first instance of an execution for witchcraft, was in June, 1748. Margaret Jones of Charlestown, was indicted as a witch, condemned and hung. She was charged with having such a malignant touch, that if she laid her hands upon any person in anger, the person was immediately seized with deaf- ness, vomiting or some other violent affection. After the execution of this woman, her husband took passage for Barba- does in a ship which was well ballasted, and which had eighty horses on board. The vessel happening to roll on a sudden, in an alarming manner, an officer was ordered to apprehend this in the was then said to man and put him confinement ; ship roll no more. Such was the wonderful credulity and infatuation of that day. Happy would it have been for New- England if this had been the only specimen of those fol- lies. 1649—Early in this year died Gov. Winthrop, one of the fathers of New-England. He was succeeded by Endicot. Mr. Dudley remained deputy governor. It is asserted by some writers, that when Gov. Winthrop was on his death-bed, he was solicited by Mr. Dudley to sign a warrant for the banishment of one of those persons then called heretics. Winthrop refused, and observed that " he had done to© mmch of that work already." GENERAL VIEW. 55

In every age, many actions indifferent in their nature, have been regarded as sinful and been classed among the greatest enormities. The text in the Apostle's epistle to the Corinthi- ans against wearing long hair, led our ancestors to suppose that this of course must be a sin in all ages and nations. They treated hair therefore as one of the enormities. long u It is wonderful, that a certain text in Leviticus, ye shall not round the corners of your head," was never urged the custom of short hair. It was the regulation at this period in New-England, that the hair should not be worn below the ears. This was enforced with peculiar rigour upon regulation u clergymen. They were especially required to appear, paten- tibus auribus" A few years before this, the use of tobacco was prohibited by a heavy penalty. Some of the writers of that day compare the smoke of it to the smoke of the bottom- to the sin less pit. Some of the clergymen however, yielded of smoking, and tobacco was accordingly set at liberty by an act of the legislature. Beards as well as wigs were also prohibited by authority. 1650—Capt. Wiggins and Edward Gibbens were added to the council, and Mr. Endicot was chosen governor for the years 1651—3, and Mr. Dudley, lieutenant governor. It was in this year, that the new District of Maine fell into the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. 1652—This year a mint was established in Boston for coin- ing shillings, six-pences, and three-pences. The first pieces being struck in 1652, the same date was continued upon all money for thirty years after. The court ordered, that all the coins should have a double ring, with the inscription of the word " Massachusetts," with a tree in the centre on one side, and New-England and the date of the year on the other. No other colony in this country ever presumed to coia money. 1656—IrTthis year, began, what is generally and properly termed, the persecution of the quakers. A fine of ten pounds was inflicted on any person, who harboured a quaker. In October of this year, eleven of the sect, received sentence of the the banishment ; and master of ship> which brought them from England, was required to bind himself with sureties to the amount of 500/. to carry them all out of the country. (See " Hutch. Vol. .1 p. 97.) Mr. Hutchinson observes, that he could not find what law they had for this." In this month also, an act passed imposing a fine of 100/. upon any master of a vessel, who should bring a quaker int© the colony, and that if a quaker should arrive, he should be immediately sent to the house of correction, receive twenty stripes, and be confined to hard labour until he could be 56 GENERAL VIEW. transported. At the next session, an act passed, by which all persons were liable to a fine of forty shillings for harbouring a quaker one hour. After the first conviction under this act, the offender, if a man, was to lose one ear, and upon the third if a she for conviction, the other ; woman, was each offence to be whipped, and upon the fourth conviction, the offender, whether man or woman was to have the tongue bored through with a hot iron. In May, 1658, a penalty was inflicted upon every person, who should attend a quaker meeting. Under this act, a child only eleven years old, by the name of Pa- tience Scott, was tried and imprisoned. The imprisonment of such a child was as strange as any further severity would have been horrible. 1660—Two quakers, by the names of William Robertson and Marmaduke Stevenson, were executed on the 27th of Oc- tober. Several persons were fined to the amount of 10/. for entertaining quakers at their houses, and one man, of the name of Wharton, for pilotting them from one port to another, was ordered to receive twenty stripes. Several others were " executed, banished or whipped. Bishop says, they cut off the ears of Holden, Capeland, and Rouse in prison, and that others were whipped and banished upon pain of death." In this inquisitorial persecution, the clergy were the most active.* The sufferings of the victims excited the compassion of the people, many of whom resorted to the prisons by day and night, so that the keepers were forced to establish a constant guard to restrain them. Wendlock Christopherson among others was sentenced to die. This man implored the court to consider, whether they gained any thing by the persecution. For the last man, said he, that was put to death, five rose up in his have to take can stead ; and although you power my life, Gpd of his servants and inspire the same principles into ten more send them among you, that you may have torment upon torment. This man was executed June 13th, 1660. Some of his persecuted companions were tried at Hampton. May those unhappy days never return, when men suppose they are doing God service by sporting with the lives of his children. 1662—On the 26th of January of this year, there were tw© shocks of an earthquake, and on the 28th a third. 1664—The people of New-England wtre this year alarmed by the appearance of a very large comet, which continued

* this The pillory served George Fox for his pulpit. From he harangued the populace. Inflamed by his eloquence, they raised a mob and released him, in and set in the same pillory a certain clergyman, wb.e kad been instrumental the imprisonment of Fox. GENERAL VIEW. 57 from the 17th of November, to the 4th of February. When it first appeared in the east it was without its tail. This ap- pendage however became visible when the comet was in the west. 1665—The first persecution of the anabaptists, found on record, w&as in 1665. William Turner, Thomas Gould, Edward Drinker, and several others were accused before the governor " and magistrates of the crime of gathering themselves into the form of a church, in opposition to the church of Christ established in the colony, and with intermeddling with those holy appointments of the Lord Jesus, which belong only to office trust." Several of these men were afterwards imprisoned and banished. In this case, like all others, the severity against the sect made new converts to it, and it was therefore thought expedient to desist from the persecution. These were not the first appearances of antipedo-baptism in the colony. Mr. Dun- stan, the president of the college joined that profession, and was on that account expelled from his office. Mr. Chaney his successor believed in the necessity of immersion. In Mr. Hooker's time it appeared that the doctrine was gaining ground, and he expresses his belief that the converts to it would increase in number. 1666—In the course of this year the small-pox made its appearance in the colony. The commissioners, sent over this year by the king prevailed on some of the people of New-Hampshire to sign a petition and complaint to his majesty of the wrongs they had suffered from Massachusetts in the usurpation of government, which that state had exercised over them. The inhabitants however, of Dover, Portsmouth, and Exeter, assembled in their town meetings, rejected this proposal and expressed their wish to be continued as they had been for many years, a part of Massa- chusetts colony. 1669—New-Hampshire had now remained in a quiet and peaceable condition ever since the year 1641, and were heart- ily united in all their civil and religious concerns, with their sister colony. 1675—In September of this year the Indians made their first predatory incursion against New-Hampshire. They attacked the plantations on Piscataqua river, now constituting Durham, and hero killed two men: This species of hostility continued till the year 1678, when a treaty was made with Squando and other chiefs at Durham. (For particulars of this war see—Durham.) 1680 This year, a royal government was established in New-Hampshire by commission from Charles 2d. The com- 8 S8 GENERAL VIEW.

mission arrived at Portsmouth on the first day of January, John Cutts was appointed president for the first year, and Rich- ard Martin, William Vaughn, Thomas Daniel of Portsmouth, John Gilman of Exeter, Christopher Hussey of Hampton, and Richard Waldron of Dover, esquires, were appointed counsellors. A code of laws was then established, the first of which " was of a character becoming freemen; and it provided, that no act, imposition or ordinance should be made or imposed upon them but such as should be framed by the assembly, and approved by the president and council." The president, council, and assembly were constituted a supreme court of judicature. A jury was called whenever desired by the parties. Inferior courts were established at Dover, Portsmouth, and Hampton. The military arrangement consisted of one foot company in and one each town, one company of artillery at the fort, troop of horse, all under the command of major Waldron. A remarkable comet made its appearance in November of this year, and disappeared sometime in the next February. Another appeared in August and continued until September. From June, 1680, to April, 1681, there were entered at Portsmouth twenty-two ships, eighteen ketches, one ^shallop, at and one fly-boat. In 1682, there were eleven six-pounders the fort, and five more at the upper part of Portsmouth, not mounted, the property of private individuals. From 1680, to 1685, Edward Cranfield was governor and Walter Barefoot deputy governor. 1686—A general government was this year established hy James 2d, over the whole territory, called New-England, Jo- seph Dudley was made first president. 1687—Sir Edmund Androse was afterwards appointed governor of New-England, but he was for some reason apprehended, at Boston, and sent home a state prisoner. 1689—New-Hampshire by a voluntary act became again united to Massachusetts under the old chapter. A war with the French and Indians returned this year with all its horrors. On the 27th of June, Dover was cut off and Waldron slain, This war continued until 1693. 1692—The delusion of witchcraft at this time overspread a were large part of New-England. Large numbers executed, over the and many were imprisoned. John Usher brought commission of Samuel Allen as governor, and he officiated himself as lieutenant governor. 1699—Richard, Earl of Bellmont, governor of New- York and Massachusetts, this year opened his commission in New- Hampshire, under whom William Partridge acted as lieutenant governor. GENERAL MEW. &&

1700 New-Hampshire was required to furnish their quota of force to assist in the defence of New-York, in case of an invasion. This the people thought very unjust, as they had nev- •r received any assistance from that colony. 1701 —In the course of this year Lord Bellmont died at New- York, and Joseph Dudley was appointed governor. 1702*—There were at this period, seven incorporated towns in New-Hampshire, and four ordained ministers. 1703—Louis 14th, proclaimed the pretender king of Great inev- Britain, which circumstance rendered a war with France itable. King William died early in this year and Queen Anne succeeded him. The French and Indian war (commonly called Queen Anne's war) now commenced in New-England. On the 10th of August a body of French and Indians, consisting of five-hundred, separated themselves into several parties, attacked all the settlements from Casco to Wells, and either killed or captured 130 people. On their march they burned and ravaged every thing before them. On the 17th of the same month several people were killed at Hampton. 1704—This year Deerfield in Massachusetts was surprised by the French and Indians, who there killed 40 or 50 persons, and took more than 100 prisoners. On the 25th of April several people were killed at Durham. 1705—There was in the course of this year a partial cessation of hostilities, and Queen Anne informed governor Dudley that she was projecting an expedition against Canada. The governor and council thought it therefore a good season to ne- gociate the exchange and redemption of prisoners. The summer was accordingly chiefly occupied in this business, and in re- pairing the fort on Great Island, and the line of pickets at Portsmouth. A nightly parole was established along the shore from Portsmouth to Hampton to prevent any surprise by sea, as the coast was at this period infested by French privateers. 1706—In April of this *year, the enemy appeared again in New- Hampshire, extending their work of bloodshed and destruction to the towns of Durham, Dunstable, Kingston, Exe- ter, Dover, &c. (See these towns in the Gazetteer.)

* The whole number of inhabitants in the American colonies, at the commencement of this century was 262,000, viz.

Massachusetts, - - - 70,000 Pennsylvania, - - - 20,000 Connecticut, - - - - 30,000 Maryland, ----- 25,000 ------Rhcjde-Island, 10,000 Virginia,. .- 40,000 New-Hampshire, - - - 10,000 North Carolina, - - - 5,000 New-York, ----- 30,000 South Carolina, - - - 7,006 New-Jersey, - - - 15,Q00 SO GENERAL VIEW.

170/—On the 15th of September of this year, the Indians commuted some depredations at Exeter, and on the 17ch, several persons were killed at Durham. * 1708—At this t';me a large army was prepared at Canada tne frontiers of and against New-England ; New- Hampshire was put in the best possible state of defence. A troop under the command of Capt. Coffin, patroled from Kingston to Co- checho, nd scouts were continually kept on the lookout. No important occurrence however took place. 1709—This year several persons were killed at Oyster river, ExeteF, he. (which see.) General Nicholson marched against the French and Indians as far as to a place called Wood Creek, but obtaining no assistance from England, and his men not being paid, for the two former years, his whole army was disbanded. 1710—An expedition (to which New-Hampshire contributed 100 men, under Col. Shadrach) was sent against Port-Royal. This place surrendered October 5th, and was afterwards called Annapolis. Col. Winthrop Hilton was this year killed in that part of Exeter, which is now called Epping. Some other persons were killed in Exeter, Dover, and Kingston. 1711 —The depredations of the Indians increased in audacity and violence. Another expedition was prepared against Cana- da, which failed. Eight transports were this year wrecked on Egg Island, in the river St. Lawrence, and a thousand people perished. 1712—This year was remarkable for accumulated cruelties from the Indians. Many people were killed at Dover, Dur- ham, Kingston, &c. 1713 —Peace was now made between the colonies and the In- dians, and ratified by their chiefs at Portsmouth, on the 15th of July. Queen Anne died and George 1st was crowned. During these Indian hostilities, which were called King Phillip's war, an ri which continued from 16^5 to 1714, Massachusetts and N. w-Hampshire lost 6000 young men and male children, including the killed and those who were made captive, without ever »^«ng recovered. 1714—Governor Dudley was removed, and colonel Burgess appointed in his place. 1715—Governor Burgess sold his commission, and Col. Sam- uel Shute was appointed his successor over both provinces. 1717— A dispute happened between the governor and his council as to the best mode of defence against the French and

Indians. » The greatest snow ever known in New-England fell in the latter part of April of this year. It was so deep, that people GENERAL VIEW. 61 were obliged to walk from their chamber windows. 1$ was said to be eight feet on a level, and has ever since been called the great snow. 1722—John Wentworth was appointed governor and commander in chief. A declaration of war against all the hostile tribes of Indians was published at Portsmouth and Boston, and a bounty of 100/. was offered for every Indian scalp. This, which was called Loveli's war, was bloody and distressing, and continued until December 15th, 1725, at which time articles of peace were signed at Falmouth. 1726—From this date, New-England enjoyed a long and prosperous peace. Massachusetts granted to certain persons Pennacook, now called Concord. 1727—This example was followed by New-Hampshire, and \. * grants were made of Epsom, Chichester, Barnstead, Canterbu- ry, Gilmanton, and Bow. This year was remarkable for a violent and extensive earthquake which commenced on the 29th of October, A. M. It a noise this increased was announced by loud and alarming ; until the shaking began, which continued about three minutes. Cellar walls were broken in, and chimneys were thrown down, but no houses were destroyed. Smaller shocks were felt for several months afterward. On the l£)th of June, George 1st died, and on the 27th, George 2d was proclaimed. 1728—William Burnet was appointed governor of Massa- chusetts and New-Hampshire, and he was succeeded by Mr. Belcher. 1734—On this year New-Hampshire was erected into a separate government. Boundary lines were run and established, but all disputes on this subject were not finally adjusted until 1741. 1735—During this year New-England was visited by a destructive and very extensive epidemic, called the throat-distemper. The throat swelled, white or ash coloured specks appeared in the fauces, and an efflorescence on the skin, accompanied by a general debility and a strong tendency to putridity. Its ravages commenced in May, 1735, at Kingston, N. H. The first victim was a child, who died in three days. In the course of a week it appeared at a place four miles distant, where three children died on the third day. Of the first forty who were seized not one recovered. At Exeter it destroyed 114 persons; at Hampton Falls 20 families buried all their children. In the province of New-Hampshire alone, which had only fifteen towns, it carried off 1000 people, of whom 900 were un- 62 GENERAL VIEW. ' der the age of 21. The same disorder has made its appearance in this state at several subsequent periods. (For particulars see the towns.) 1741 —Benning Wentworth was appointed governor of the province. There was no lieutenant governor for a period of twenty-five years. About this time an extraordinary religious conversion took place in the province, which was for the most part, owing to the arrival of the Rev. George Whitefield, and other celebrated pulpit orators. 1745—On the 17th of May of this year Louisburg was taken. This was a severe loss to the French and inflamed them to obtain retribution. The amount of New-Hampshire troops engaged in. this expedition was about 500 men. In July the Indians made their appearance at Fort Dummer, and at the great meadows near "VVestmoreland. (See Hinsdale.) 1755—-Hostilities continued and New-Hampshire raised 500 men under Col. Joseph Blanchard for an expedition against Crown Point. This regiment was stationed at Fort Edwards, and on the eighth of September, it was attacked by a body of French regulars. The enemy was beaten off with severe loss, and on their retreat they were met by Capt. Nathaniel Folsom, who had been on a scouting expedition, and was now returning. stationed his the trees and a Capt. Folsom men among # kept up well directed fire until night, at which time the enemy retired with loss, and Folsom returned to the camp. A short time after this, another' regiment was raised in New-Hampshire, and put under the command of Capt. Peter Gilman of Exeter. These men were as active and persevering as their brethren, although they had not such favourable opportunities of exhibiting their eourage. The expedition was given up and late in the fall the soldiers were disbanded and sent home. These designs against Crown Point incited the Indians to new projects of depredations on the frontier of New-Hampshire. This year was memorable also for an earthquake, which happened on the eighteenth day of November, about four in the morning. Smaller shocks were felt for about a fortnight after. The soldiers of New-Hampshire were so well qualified for every service which required alertness, and so familiarized to fatigue and danger, that, by the express desire of lord Loudon, three ranging companies were formed of them, who continued in service throughoutwinter and summer. The command of them was given to Robert Rogers, John Stark, and William Stark. 1757—Another expedition against Crown Point was planned by lord Loudon, and New-Hampshire on this occasion raised GENERAL VIEW. 63

and Goff. The latter two regiments, under Cols. Meserve regiment was captured at Fort William, and eighty of the men were massacred by the Indians. A reinforcement of 250 soldiers was raised, and entrusted to major Thomas Tash, who was stationed at No. 4, (now called Charlestown.) 1758—Another unsuccessful campaign marked this year. The frontiers of the province were severely harassed by the In- dians. New-Hampshire made a new contribution of 1000 men towards the reduction of Crown Point, Ticonderoga, &c. This force was entrusted to Col.Zaccheus Lovell, son ofthe cel- killed at The victories ebrated partisan who was Pigwacket. of this year were splendid indeed, Niagara, Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Quebec surrendered to the English. 1760—This year New-Hampshire raised 800 men and placed them under the command of Col. John Goff.* This regiment marched to Montreal, where they were reinforced by Col. Haviland. With this year the war ended, and George 3d was now proclaimed king. dis- 1761—The ability which the American colonies had played throughout the war, inspired the British parliament itself with a spirit of jealousy against them, which discovered before the declaration of peace. This year and the year after were remarkable for severe droughts. John Temple was 60 appointed lieutenant governor but never officiated. About townships were laid out during this and the last year, some on the east and some on the west side of the Connecticut river. 1763—From this year may be dated the flourishing condition of New- Hampshire. Population and cultivation pro- gressed with unprecedented rapidity. 1765—The stamp-act which passed this year, roused the indignation of New-England. Every method was used to in- form and excite the people on this subject. At Portsmouth the bells were tolled. A coffin was carried about, on the lid " of which was inscribed Liberty aged 145." A procession was formed and moved with muffled drums, minute guns were fired, and an oration pronounced at the grave. The coffin was afterwards taken up, signs of life were discovered in the corps. The inscription "liberty revived" was substituted, the bells struck a cheerful peal, and joy reillumined every the or- countenance ; whole was conducted with decency and der. 1766—The obnoxious act was repealed on the 19th of March of this year, but such was the infatuation of the parliament, and the chagrin of the authors of the act, that they framed

* The population of Netf-Hampslure was at this time 34,000. 64 GENERAL VIEW.

heavier another, imposing duties on trade, under the specious of pretence raising a revenue for the support of the provin- cial governments. 1767—John Wentworth was appointed deputy governor of New-Hampshire, and surveyor of the king's forests in North America. The act above alluded to a was duty on paper, glass, tea, and painters' colours. A board of commissioners and a court of admiralty were also established with unlimited powers. The colonies were unanimous in their opposition to the revenue act, and they employed every expedient to interrupt the royal officers in the execution of their business. Three of the commissioners escaped from the populace with the hazard of their lives, and others sought refuge in the forts. 1770—Authentic information was received, that the revenue act was so far repealed, as to take off all the obnoxious duties except that of three pence per pound on tea. This gave no satisfaction to the colonies considered ; they the principle of that small tax as dangerous as that of a larger one. On the 5th of March the work of bloodshed commenced. The king's soldiers stationed in Boston fired upon the inhabitants, killed three and wounded five more. 1771 —Governor Benning Wentworth died and was succeeded by his— nephew John Wentworth. 1774 General Gage arrived at Boston with a large force of British troops, and the town of Boston was blockaded. The general assembly of New-Hampshire, at their meeting in the spring, in conformity to the example of similar bodies in the other colonies, appointed a committee of correspondence, and transmitted letters to all towns in the province, requesting them to send deputies to a general convention at Exeter, where delegates were to be chosen for a general congress. Eighty-five deputies assembled at Exeter, where they chose Nathaniel Fol- som and John Sullivan, esquires, to attend the proposed congress to be holden the. next September at Philadelphia. An order having been passed by the king in council prohibit- ing the exportation to America of gun-powder and other military stores, a copy of it was brought by express to Portsmouth at the moment when a ship was daily expected from Boston with a party of troops to take possession of Fort William and Mary at the entrance of the harbour. The committee of Portsmouth, with all possihle despatch, collected a company from that and the neighbouring towns, and before the governor had any suspicion of their intentions they proceeded to New- castle and attacked the fort. The whole garrison (consisting of five men besides the Capt.) were captured, and one hundred GENERAL VIEW. 66

barrels of gunpowder were carried off. Another party removed fifteen of the lightest cannon and all the small arms, besides some military stores. Maj. John Sullivan and C<

and down the lakes into Canada, under the command of Gen. Sullivan, who met at the mouth of the river Sorel the American army retreating from Quebec. Here Gen. Sullivan took the command of the whole, and finding the retreat unavoidable on account of the small-pox among the New-Hamp- he this with skill shire troops ; conducted movement great and prudence. Not only the small-pox but the dysentary, and pu- trid fever raged among our troops, and it was computed that out of the New-Hampshire regiments nearly one third were carried off "this year by sickness. When all apprehensions of an attack on Ticonderoga were over for the season, the surviving part of the New-Hampshire troops marched by the way of the Minisinks into Pennsylvania, where they aided Gen. Washing- ton in the glorious capture of the Hessians at Trenton, and were also with him at the victorious battle of Princeton. 1777—Over the army which was raised this year the officers were appointed by congress, and the men were enlisted for that term or during three years. The New-Hampshire regiments were commanded by colonels Joseph Cilley, Nathan Hale, and Alexander Scammel. These troops were supplied with new French arms, and their rendezvous was appointed at Ticonderoga. The whole body was to be under the immediate command of Brig. Gen. Poor. They remained at Ticon- deroga until the approach of the British army under Gen. Bur- goyne rendered it expedient to abandon the post. Col. Hale's regiment was ordered to cover the rear of the invalids, on which account he was several miles behind the main body. The next morning after the march commenced, he was attacked by an advanced part of the enemy at Hubbardston. In this engagement major Titcomb was wounded ; Col.Hale, captains Robertson, Carr, and Norris, and adjutant Elliot with some other officers, and about 100 men were made prisoners. The main army continued their retreat to Saratoga. At Fort Ann they had a skirmish with the enemy, in which captain Weare was mortally wounded. When the intelligence of this retreat reached New-Hampshire, the assembly had finished their spring session and had separated. An immediate summons from the executive committee reassembled them, and in a short sitting of three days they organized the most effectual means for common defence. They formed the militia of the state into two brigades, the first of which they entrusted to the command of William Whipple, and the second to John Stark. One fourth part of Stark's brigade and one fourth of three regiments of the other brigade, were immediately despatched under the command of Stark, to arrest the progress of the enemy against our western frontiers. 68 GENERAL VIEW.

The officers of the militia were instructed to take away the arms of all those persons who scrupled or declined assisting in the defence of the country. And a day of public fasting and prayer was appointed which was observed with devotion and solemnity. The above mentioned appointment of Stark with the pay of a brigadier-general in the continental army was peculiarly satisfactory to the public and not unpleasant to his own feelings. In the arrangement of the general officers the preceding year, a junior officer had been promoted while Stark was neglected. He had written to congress on the subject, but his letters were suffered to lie on the table. He therefore left the army and returned home, he was now by the unanimous voice of his fellow citizens, invested with a separate and honourable command, u and the orders he received were these, to repair to Charles- ton on Connecticut river, there to consult with a committee of the New-Hampshire grants, (now Vermont) and to act in conjunction with the troops of that new state or any other of the states, or of the United States, or separately, as it should appear to him most expedient for the protection of the people and the annoyance of the enemy." In a few days he proceeded to Charleston, and as soon as his men arrived, he sent them forward to join the forces of the new state, under Col. Warner, who had stationed himself at Manchester, twenty miles north of Bennington. At this place Stark joined him, and here he met Gen. Lincoln, who had been despatched from Stillwater by Gen. Schuyler (commander of the northern department) to conduct the militia to the west side of the Hudson river. Stark informed him of his orders and of the dangers which the people of the grants apprehended, He further observed, that he had consulted with the committee, and that if he (Stark) joined the continental army and left them exposed, the people were resolved to retire to the east side of Connecticut river and thus leave New-Hampshire a frontier. He therefore expressed his determination to remain on the enemy's flank, and watch his motions. He accordingly mustered his forces at Bennington and It ft Col. Warner at Manchester. A report of this determination was transmitted to Congress. The orders, upon which it was founded, were there disapproved, but the wisdom of them was attested by subsequent events. Gen. Burgoyn , with the main hoHy of the British army, was now it Fort Edward. From that station he despatched Lieut. Col. Baum, with about 1500 of his German troops and 100 In- dians to spread themselves over the Grants as far as Connect- icut river, with orders to collect horses and cattle for the ijse of the army and to return immediately wkh their booty. GENERAL VIEW. 69

The Indians, who preceded this attachment, were discovered about 12 miles from Bennington. Stark despatched Col. Gregg with a body of 200 to arrest their progress. On the of evening of that day he was informed, that a body regular in full march for troops with a train of artillery was Benning- ton. The next morning he advanced with his whole brigade and some militia from the Grants, to the support of Gregg, who found himself unable to cope with the superior force of the enemy. Having marched about a mile, he met Gregg retreating and the main body of the enemy within a mile of his rear. t On discovering the approach of Stark's column, Gregg halted in full view on an advantageous position and drew up his men on the eminence, but could not bring them to an engagement. He then fell back about a mile and encamped, leaving a small of the en- party to skirmish with the advance, who killed thirty emy besides two of the Indian chiefs. sent The next day was rainy. Stark kept his position and of the out parties to harass the enemy. Many Indians improv- were full ed this opportunity to desert, declaring that the woods of Yankees. On the following morning Stark was reinforced by a militia company from the Grants, and by another from the county of Berkshire in Massachusetts. This raised his force to 1600 men. He despatched Col.Nichols with 250 men to the left and Col. Hendrick 300 to rear of the enemy's wing ; with and stationed 300 to their front the rear of their right ; oppose and keep them in play. Then ordering colonels Hubbard and Stickney with 200 men to attack their right wing, and 100 more to reinforce Nichols in the rear of their left ; the attack commenced on that point precisely at three o'clock in the afternoon. It was immediately followed up by the other detachments, Stark himself advancing with the main body. The engagement continued two hours, by which time he had forced the enemy's line and breast-works, taken two pieces of brass cannon and a number of prisoners, and had compelled the remnant to retreat. Just at this moment he was informed that another body of the enemy was within two miles of him. This was a reinforcement for which Baum had sent when he first knew the amount of the force he was to oppose. It was commanded by Col. Breyman. Fortunately Warner's regiment from Manchester met them and arrested their march. Stark rallied and renewed the action and it was warm and desperate. He employed with great effect the cannon he had captured, and at sunset compelled the enemy to retreat. He pursued them until night, at which time he halted to prevent his men from injuring each other in the dark. Stark took in this action two other pieces of cannon, together with all the enemy's baggage. TO GENERAL VIE'.v

waggons, and horses, and found that they had left on the field 226 dead. Their commander Baum was taken prisoner, and soon after died of his wounds. Besides him 33 officers, and more than 700 privates were taken. Out of Stark's brigade four officers and ten privates were killed and 42 wounded. In the account of this battle which Stark transmitted to the " New-Hampshire committee he said, our people behaved with the greatest spirit and bravery imaginable, and had every man been an Alexander or a Charles of Sweden, they could not have behaved better." Congress heard of this victory only from common report. After waiting sometime in expectation of letters, inquiry was made why Stark had not written to congress as well as to his own state. He answered that his correspondence with them had closed as they had not attended to his last letters. They immediately took the hint, and although they had but a few days before resolved, that the instructions under which he had acted were destructive of military subordination, yet they presented their thanks to him and to the officers smd troops under his command and promoted him to the rank of brigadier-general in the continental army. The northern army was now reinforced by the militia of the neighbouring states. Brig. Gen. Whipple marched with most of his brigade, in addition to which, volunteers in abundance flocked to the army under general Gates. Two desperate battles were fought, one at Stillwater and the other at Saratoga, in both of which, the troops from New-Hampshire had a large share of the honour gained by the American army. In the former action two lieutenant-colonels, Adams and Colburn, and lieutenant Thomas were the in the lieutenant-col- among slain ; and latter, onel Conner and lieutenant M'Clary were killed with a great number of their men. The consequence of these repeated victories was the surrender of Burgoyne's army. After this great object was attained, the New-Hampshire regiments performed a march of forty miles and forded the Mohawk river below the falls, in the space of fourteen hours. The object of this rapid movement was to arrest the progress of a British detachment under general Clinton, who threatened Albany with the same devastation which he had extended over the country below, but hearing the fate of Burgoyne he returned quietly to New-York. The American army then marched into Pennsylvania and passed the winter in huts at Valley Forge. In addition to those officers from New-Hampshire, who were killed at the northward, we lost also Maj. Edward Sherburn, who was slain in a daring but unsuccessful action at Germanton. After the capture of Burgoyne, all danger of a Canadian invasion ceased, GENERAL VIEW. * 71

and the theatre of war was removed to the southward. The troops from New-Hampshire now formed into a distinct brigade, had their full share of the common dangers and sufferings of the army. At the battle of Monmouth, a part of them were closely engaged under the command of colonel Cilley and lieutenant-colonel Dearborn, and they behaved in such ;» manner, as to merit the commendation of the illustrious Washing- ton. They continued with the main army all that spring, and were stationed at Reading during the ensuing winter. In the summer of 1 778, when the French fleet appeared on our coast, with the intention to aid us in our struggles with Great Britain, an invasion of Rhode Island, then in possession of the British was projected, and general Sullivan was appointed to conduct it. Detachments of militia and volunteers from Massachusetts and New-Hampshire formed a part of his troops: but a violent storm having prevented the co-operation of the French and driven them to sea, the army, after a few skir- mishes, were under the mortifying necessity of quitting the Isl- and. The retreat was conducted by general Sullivan with great skill and prudence. 1779<—An expedition into the Indian country being determined on, general Sullivan was appointed to the command, arid the New-Hampshire brigade made part of his forces. His rout was up the Susquehanna in the country of the Seneca's, a track imperfectly known, and into which no troops had ever pen- etrated. The order of his march was planned with great judgment and executed with much regularity and perseverance. In several engagements with the savages, the troops from New- Hampshire behaved with a characteristic intrepidity. The provisions of the detachment falling short before the object of the expedition was completed, the troops generously consented to subsist on such food, as could be found in the Indian country. After their return, they were re-united to the main army and passed a third winter in huts at Newtown in Connecti- cut. On the close of this year Sullivan resigned his command and retired.— 1780 This year the New-Hampshire troops were stationed at the important post of West-Point, and afterwards marched into New-Jersey, where general Poor died. Three of its regiments were employed in the service of this year. The fourth winter was passed in cantonments of huts at a place called Soldier's Fortune near Hudson river. At the close of the year the New- Hampshire force was reduced to two regiments and were commanded by colonels Scammel and Reid. It was on the 21st of September this year, that the treason and desertion 72 GENERAL VIEW.

of Arnold were discovered, which event was followed by the capture and execution of major Andre, the British spy. 1781 —This year a part of our troops remained at New- York, and the other division marched to Virginia and were present at the defeat of Cornwallis. It was at this time, that the brave and enterprising colonel Scammt:l lost his life. 1782—During the winter of this year the first New-Hamp- shire regiment, commanded by lieutenant-colonel Dearborn, was quartered at Saratoga, and the second, on the Mohawk river. They kept these stations until the close of the ensuing year, at which time the approaches of peace began to relax the operations of war. In the course of a few months, the negociations resulted in a treaty, and we were acknowledged " free and independent states" from that throne, which had till " then pronounced us revolted subjects." The America, a seventy-four gun ship, built at Portsmouth, by order of congress, was launched on the 5th of November of this year. This was the first line of battle-ship ever built in this country. It was presented to the king of France. 1783—On the 31st of October of this year the civil constitution of New-Hampshire went into operation and continued until 1792. A small shock of an earthquake was felt on the 29th ©f November. 1784—Meshech Weare was elected president of this state. 1 785—John Langdon was chosen president. During this year there was much popular clamour for redress of the paper money grievances. 1786—John Sullivan was made president. This year was rendered memorable by an insurrection in New-Hampshire, the object of which was (says Belknap) to force the legislature into a paper money system. On the 20th of September, about 200 men equipped in various modes, surrounded the general court then convened at Exeter, and held that honourable body prisoners several hours. But the citizens of the towns immediately rose in arms and crushed the insurrection in its birth. 1 787—President Sullivan continued in office. The tumult of insurrection was not confined to New-Hampshire. It appeared in bolder forms in several of the neighbouring states. It was ascertained, that the existing confederacy was insufficient. A del- egation therefore from the several states, comprising much learning, talents, and virtue, convened at Philadelphia for the purpose of framing a federal constitution. This convention appointed general Washington as their president, and after four months uninterrupted attention to the subject,during which period all the jarring interests of the states were thoroughly canvassed, they voted to recommend a plan of federal government to the GENERAL VIEW. 73 states. The delegates from New-Hampshire were John Lang- don and Nicholas Gilman. 1788—The new constitution was published and offered to the several states for their formal acceptance. It was adopted in New-Hampshire June the 21st of this year, by the general court at Concord. 1789—General Washington was elected president of the United States, and John Sullivan president of New-Hamp- shire. 1/90—Josiah Bartlett was chosen president of this state. The revenue of the U. S. for this year was g4,777,120, and the expenditure $3,797,4,36. 1791 —Josiah Bartlett was chosen governor under the new constitution. 1794—John Taylor Gilman was elected governor. Piscat- aqua bridge was built this year. 1795—John Taylor Gilman was again elected governor, and continued in office by annual election until 1805. 1797—John Adams was chosen president of the United States, and Thomas Jefferson vice president. The exports of the United States now amounted to $57,000,000, and the revenue of the post-office amounted to $46,000. The mails of the United States are carried over 1,430,085 miles, in which space there are upwards of four hundred post-offices. 1798—This year congress passed an act authorizing the president to raise and equip a provisional army, and an act more effectually to protect the commerce and coasts of the United States against French depredations. 1799—Thomas Truxton commander of the U. S. Frigate Constellation captured the French Frigate Insurgent. The whole American navy consisted at this time of forty-two ves-^ sels carrying 950 guns. 1800—The cow-pox was introduced into America this year. There were now belonging to Portsmouth 28 ships, 47 brigs, 10 schooners, and 2 sloops employed in foreign commerce. Of the above vessels 1 7 of the largest were built in the course of this year. There were also twenty coasters, and more than that number of fishing vessels. 1801 —Thomas Jefferson was elected president of the United the States, and Aaron Burr vice-president. The exports of United States amounted this year to more than ninety millions of dollars.

1802—Merino . sheep were introduced into this country by Col. David Humphreys. A fire broke out in Portsmouth and destroyed about one hundred buildings. 10 74 GENERAL YIEW.

1803—The Middlesex canal by which the waters of the Mer- rimack are carried to Charlestown was completed this year. 1805—John Langdon was chosen governor of this state. Thomas Jefferson president of the United States, and George Clinton vice-president. 1806—June 16th of this year was made memorable by the most remarkable solar eclipse which probably ever happened. To many parts of New-England the sun was totally obscured for several minutes. The scene was at once beautiful and sub- lime, and yet not to be contemplated without a feeling of dread- The sky was unusually serene, not a leaf was in motion. Im- mediately before the extreme darkness all nature seemed verg- ing to a state of gloomy repose. The animals felt the change and hastened to their nocturnal retreats. But as the obscura- tion gradually left the sun, the quick reanimation of every thing was proportionably delightful. 1807—Bonaparte, by one of his decrees, pronounced every neutral vessel denationalized and liable to capture, which had submitted to be searched by an English cruiser or had touched at an English port. This was a prelude to the late war. Great Britain soon issued her orders, condemning to seizure all our vessels bound to any of the continental ports except those of Sweden. 1808—This year was the era of the general embargo. 1809—Jeremiah Smith elected governor—This year the embargo was removed. 1810—John Langdon elected governor. On the 22d of No- vember was issued the United States' proclamation interdicting commercial intercourse with Great Britain. 1812—William Plumer was elected governor. Congress voted to organize for the use of the government 100,000 militia, and apportioned the quota of each state. On the 18th of June of this year war was declared by the United States with Great Britain. On the 1st of July the bill the 8th of that double duty passed ; on month Sandwich in Upper Canada was taken by general Hull.—On the 16th general Hull surrendered the American army to the British general Brock. On the 19th of August the British frigate Guerriere was sunk by the United States' frigate Constitution under commodore Hull. On the 1 7th of October the United States' sloop of war Wasp captured the Frolic, and both of them were taken by the En- glish seventy-four, Poictiers. On the 25th of October the British frigate Macedonian surrendered to the American frigate United States. GENERAL VIEW. T5

. On the 29th of December the British frigate Java was destroyed by the United States' ship Constitution. 1813—John Taylor Gilman was elected governor of this state. On the 22d of January general Winchester surrendered to the British general Proctor at Frenchtown. On the 1 3th of February the British sloop of war Peacock was destroyed by the American sloop Hornet. On the 27th of April, York in Upper Canada was taken by our troops, and general Pike killed. On the 1st of June the United States' frigate Chesapeake was taken bv the Shannon, and captain Lawrence was mortally wounded. On the 1st of August the British were defeated at Lower Sandusky by general Harrison. On the 5th of September the British brig Boxer was captured by the United States' brig Enterprise. Both commanders were killed and were buried at Portland with the honours of war. On the 10th the whole British fleet on Lake Erie was captured by commodore O. H. Perry. On the 27th general Harrison's army took possession of Maiden. On the 11th of November a division of general Wilkinson's army, under generals Boyd and Covington attacked the British at Williamsburgh. General Covington was mortally wounded, and the American troops recrossed the St. Lawrence, and went into winter quarters at French Mills. On the 22d of December of this year there was another extensive fire at Portsmouth. 1814—On the 22d of March 1200 men under colonel Clark marched from Vermont, took a piquet guard and returned to Burlington. On the 1st of September the British took possession of Cas- tine. On the 11th the whole British fleet on Lake Champlain was captured by the American commodore M'Donough. On the same day the British army under general Prevost was defeated with great slaughter at Plattsburgh. On the 1st of October the U. S. ship Washington of 74 guns was launched at Portsmouth. On the 24ih the British ship James, prize to the American privateer Portsmouth arrived at Portsmouth. The invoice of her cargo in England was one hundred thousand pounds sterling. At this time about 3000 drafted militia were stationed at Portsmouth for the protection of the town and harbour. The commander in chief Gov. Gilman, took his quarters there in person. 76 GENERAL VIEW.

On the 27th of November, a severe shock of an earthquake was felt about 7 o'clock in the evening. In December of this year a direct tax of §6,000,000 was imposed by congress, of which $193,586 was apportioned to New- Hampshire. The spotted fever at this time raged very extensively in many parts of the state. About 400 soldiers had enlisted in this state since the last February and had joined the western army. 1815— Jan. 15th. The 17. S. frigate President was captured by a division of the British fleet. On the 9th of this month a decisive victory was obtained at New-Orleans by the American troops under general Jackson. The British lost 700 men killed and 1400 wounded, and 600pris- oners. Gen. Packenham their commander was killed, and two other generals were mortally wounded. The loss on our side was only 8 killed and 9 wounded. On the 18th of February the treaty of peace was ratified by the U. S. senate and signed by the president. It was published at Portsmouth on the morning of the 23d. On the 27th of June a boat arrived at Concord, New-Hamp- shire, from Boston by the way of Middlesex canal in three and a half days. To the enterprise and perseverance of John L. Sulli- van, Esq. is New- Hampshire indebted for the great and permanent benefits, which must arise from the unobstructed navigation of the Merrimack. During the revolutionary war New-Hampshire furnished about 14,000 men, 4000 of whom perished either in battle, or by sickness. Of the amount of troops supplied by this state in the late war, or of the number lost, no correct estimate has yet been made. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

PART II.

A Topographical Description of each County, Town, or Township, and Lo- cation in the State ; and also of its Lakes, Rivers, Ponds, and Mountains, together with many other Subjects of Useful and Similar Detail—all Alphabetically arranged.

Acworth, a post-township pel. Charleston turnpike road of Cheshire county, bounded passes through here. Acworth on the N. by Unity, E. by is 73 miles N. W. by W. from Lempster, S. by Alstead and Portsmouth. Marlow, W. by Charleston and Langdon, containing 24,846 a- Adams, a township of Coos cres. It was incorporated in county, situated on the E. side

1776, and has 1523 inhabitants. of the White Mountains ; Cold-pond, extending about a bounded N. by unlocated lands, mile on the line of Unity, from E. by Chatham, S. by Bartlett, 60 to 100 rods in width, and and W.by said mountains, con- MitcheWs pond, 120 rods long taining 31,968 acres of land and and 80 wide, are its only ponds water. In 1800, its population of note. Cold river takes its was 180,and in 1810, 250 souls. rise and name from one of the Two branches of Ellis' river above mentioned pools in the pass through this town, coming N.E. corner of this town. Ac- from the N. and uniting on its worth has two religious socie- S. border near Spruce moun- ties 1 the so ; meeting-house for tain called. Mountain-pond congregational order, 1 grain- brook crosses the S. E. corner mill,, 5 saw-mills, 2 mills for of Adams, taking its rise from dressing cloth, 2 carding ma- a pool in Chatham, and falling chines, and 1 trading store. into Saco river in the town of Rev. Thomas Archibald was Bartlett. Black, Boldface, and settled in the ministry here in Thorn mountains are its three 1789. R«v. Phinehas Cook is elevations of note. It has 1 the present minister of the gos- grain and 2 saw-mUls. 78 . GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE

Alexandria, a township of broke. Allenstown, hitherto, Grafton county, incorporated has been destitute of a settled in 1782, and containing 409 in- minister or meeting-house. A habitants, is bounded on the house of public worship, how* E. has been erect- N. W. by Orange ; N. by ever, recently Bridgewater, S. E. by New- ed. It has 3 school- houses, Chester, and on the S. W. by and winters 536 sheep. Danbury. Its N. corner is situate in New-foundpond on He- Alstead, a township of bron line. It contains about Cheshire county, incorporated 14.000 acres of land. Smith's in 1763, with a population at river flows through the S., and present of 1644 souls, is bound- several smaller streams cross ed N. by Acworth and Lang- the N. end of this town. Pri- don, E. by Marlow, and S. by or to 1790, Rev. Enoch Whip- Walpole and Langdon, con- of pie was settled here. At pres- taining 24,756 acres, which ent there are two religious so- 300 are water. Here are 2 cieties without an ordained meeting-houses for congrega- 1 1 for minister. It has grain-mill, tionalists and baptists ; 15 4 saw-mills, and 1 mill for school-houses, 5 saw and 3 dressing cloth. grain-mills, 1 paper and 1 oil- mill, a mill for dressing cloth Allenstown, in Rocking- and a carding machine. The ham county, situated on the soil is strong and succulent, E. side of the river Suncook, producing flax, wheat, &c. in has 346 inhabitants. It is exuberance. Fruit trees thrive hounded N. by Epsom, E. by well here. Cheshire turnpike Deerfield, S. by Chester, and intersects the. S. W. part, and W. by Suncook river. Its W. the road from Hale's Bridge corner is on the river Merri- passes through the centre of mack, 52 rods opposite the the town. The largest body of township of Bow. The Sun- wattrhereisJVarreri's pond,250 cook is the line of division rods in length and 150 in width, between Allenstown and Pern- Cold river traverses the N. E. broke, the former of which ex- angle of Alstead, where it re- tends over an area of 12,225 ceives the waters of Warren's acres of land, its growth of pond. Several branches of Ash- wood principally pine, the uelot river have their sources soil this town. Rev. being light and weak j in Jacob there are,notwithstanding,some Mann was ordained^here over excellent farms here. Cata- the congregational church in

mount hill or mountain is the 1782 ; dismissed in 1789. Rev. the highest land in this town. Al~ Samuel Mead settled in lenstown has 2 grain-mills and same parish 1791 ;*-^-dis missed 4 saw-mills. Backstreet since which time this bridge 1797 ,' connects this town with Pem- parish has had no ordained GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 79 minister. Rev. Levi Lankton Amherst, formerly called still continues in the East par- Souhegan West, was originally ish where he was settled in granted by Massachusetts and 1792. Elder Jeremiah Hig- is a pleasant township in Hills- bee has the pastoral care of the borough county, incorporated town. in Its baptist church in this 1762. present popula- J.H.B. tion consists of 1554 inhabit- The average number of ants. Bounded by the river deaths in Alstead from 1807 Merrimack on the E., S. by to 1811, was 2 1 per annum. Hollis, W. by Milford, and on j.h. & J.H.B. the N. by Mount-Vernon and Alton, a township in Straf- New- Boston, in lat. 42° 54' N. ford county, about 25 miles containing 22,435 acres, 350 of N.W. from Dover, was incor- which are water. Babboosuck porated 1796, and reckons 1279 pond, of 300 acres extent, lies inhabitants. This town has in the N. E. corner of this Winnipiseogee lake and bay for town. English pond to the its N. boundary, E. it is bound- N. W. is 160 rods in length ed by New- Durham, S. by and 100 in width, its waters Barnstead, W. by Gilmanton falling into theBabboosuck. Sou- and Gilford* Its surface 35,783 hegan river flows through Am- acres. Wolfeborough joins herst on the S. and receives the Alton on the N. E. corner 1 waters of Beaver brook coming mile and 216 rods. Merry- from Mount-Vernon. Milford meeting bay has a S. declina- and Mount-Vernon were for- tion of 1800 rods into Alton, merly component parts of Am- where it receives an excellent herst, from which they were stream, on which Barker's severed, the former in 1794, and Wiggin's mills are erected. and the latter in 1803. The This bay is about 200 rods in centre of the town is a level width. Half-moon pond, be- plain of about a half a mile's tween Barnstead and Alton, is extent,equi distant from the four 300 rods long, and 150 wide. cardinal points, on which a very It has several ponds of less pleasant village is erected. note. Its soil is hard and Here are a meeting-house, a rocky, adapted to corn and court-house, jail, school-house, wheat. White and red oak, several good mill sites, on beach,maple, pine, and hemlock v/hich are 3 corn-mills, 5 saw- are its principal growth. The mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth, inhabitanta^are, for the most 4 trading stores, 3 cotton and part, of the baptist order. El- wool manufactories,and 1 print- der John Page was ordained ing establishment. The Aure- here 1811. Here are 2 grain- an Academy, discontinued for mills, 6. saw-mills, and 1 mill lack of funds, was incorporated for dressing cloth. Alton win- here in 1 790, and was an useful ters about 250 sheep. and flourishing institution. A 80 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE

public school was commenced making an average of more here 1807, and, with intervals, than 81 years to each. The has continued ever since. The oldest native of the town now town is divided into 9 school- residing here, was born in the districts having 8 school-hous- year 1 742. So prompt was this es. That which is central is town in furnishing men for the situated near the meeting-house military service of the United and is a large and commodious States that previous to the first building. The first settlers of of April 1777, 120 persons had Amherst were from Billcpica engaged, of whom were 2 colo- and Middletown, (Mass.) 1734. nels, 1 major, 5 captains, and 9 In 1752, it had 7 garrisoned subaltern officers. j.f. houses resorted to by the in- The second New-Hamp- habitants in times of difficulty shire turnpike passes from and danger. The first ordained Claremont to this town. minister was Rev. D. Wilkins, " who visited this place when it Amonoosuck, an Indian consisted of only 14 families. name given to two rivers in N. He was settled in 1741, his be- Hampshire : the one is called ing the third ordination in the Upper Amonoosuck, passing county of Hillsborough. Mr. through a tract of excellent W. died 1783. The present meadow. It rises near the N. pastor, Rev.Jeremiah Barnard, end of the White Hills, runs was settled March 3d, 1780. northerly about 15 miles, where The number of deaths here for is a carrying place of about 3 33 years subsequent to his ordi- miles to Amariscoggin river. nation was 529. The follow- From thence the river runs ing instances of longevity have S. W. and W. nearly 18 miles, occurred within these last 20 and empties into the Connecti- years. Deacon Joseph Boutelle, cut at Northumberland, near aged 90years,and Rebecca, ag- the Upper Coos. The other is ed 91, died in 1795. In 1803, called Great or Lower Am- died widow Grace Town, aged onoosuck, which rises on the west side of 96 ; in 1805, widow Hannah the White Lovejoy in the 102d year of Mountains. It falls into the her age, leaving descendants to Connecticut just above the the number of 330. In 1806, town of Haverhill, in Lower 94 a widow Sarah Burdet, Aged ; Coos, by mouth 100 yards in 1808, widow Hannah Bou- wide. About 2 miles from its telle, 95 ; in 1809, widow Sa- mouth it receives Wild Amon- 92 in rah Stuart, aged ; 1811, oosuck, 40 yards wide, from widow Lucy Ellsworth in the Franconia and Lincoln Moun- 90th year of her age. Since tains. Two or three hours rain the year 1803, have died twen- raises the water in this last men- ty-five persons, the aggregate tioned river several feet, and of whose age* amount to 2041, occasions a current so furious GAZETTEER OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 81

16 as to put in motion stones of a river, miles below the ford, foot in diameter, but its vio- and 7 below Hookset Falls. It lence soon subsides."(M.Gaz.) consists of three pitches, one below the other, so that the water Androscoggin, or Amer- falls about 48 feet 3 inches in iscoggin River, has its sourc- the course of half a mile. The es 35 miles N. of Errol in this second pitch, which may be state and N. of latitude 45°. seen from the roads on the W. Its most northerly branch is side is truly majestic. In the called Margalloway. Its course middle of the upper part of the is S. for nearly 30 miles. This fall, is a high rocky island, on river enters the state near the the top of which, are a number S. E. corner of the second of pits, made exactly round, grant to Dartmouth college, like barrels or hogsheads, some where it also receives Dead of which are capable of holding river, passing thence through several tons; formed by the cir- Wentworth's Location into Er- cular motion of small stones, rol where it mingles with the impelled by the force of the de- waters flowing from Lake Um- scending water. At the foot bagog, about one mile from its of the rapids, half a mile below outlet. From this juncture the principal fall, is a bridge, the confluent stream bears the 556 feet in length, and 20 in Its of tons name of Androscoggin* , breadth, consisting 2000 course is S. till it approaches of timber, and made passable near to the White Mountains, for travellers 57 days after it u from which it receives Moose was begun." (M. Gaz.) A and Peabody rivers, entering canal has been formed around the District of Maine N. of these falls, through which boats IVlount Moriah. It then turns pass with ease and safety. Prior to the E. and then to the S. E., to 1670, these falls were much in which course through a fer- visited by the aborigines. The tile country it passes within two sachem Wonolanset resided miles of the sea-coast, and then here. The son of Wonolanset, turning N. runs over Pejepscot engaged in hunting here about or Brunswick-falls into Merry- the middle of March, discover- Meeting-Bay, a few miles from ed 15 Indians on the other side Bowdoin college, and forms a who called to him in an un- junction with the Kennebeck,20 known language, upon which miles from the sea. In its course he fled, while they discharged through Paulsburgh and Mains- nearly 30 muskets at him with- borough it passes within 2 or 3 out effect." (Belknap's N.H.) miles of the LTpper Amonoo- suck river. Andover, a township in " Hillsborough county, incorpo- Amuskeag Falls, in N. rated 1779, with a population Hampshire, are on Merrimack of 1259 inhabitants, is bound- 11 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

ed N. W. by New Chester, N. sor and Hillsborough, E. by E. by Merrimack river which the river Contoocook, which disunites it from Sanbornton,S. severs it from Deering, S. by E. by Salisbury, and S. W. by Hancock, and W. by Stoddard Wilmot with an area of .29,883 and a part of Nelson, of an area of of acres. It has several ponds 21,784 acres. Gregg''s pond water, the largest of which is 400 rods long and 150 wide, Chance pond, in extent 230 rods lies in the S. part of the town. and 130 in width. Black Wa- Its waters fall into Contoocook ter, a branch of Contoocook river. The soil of Antrim dis- river, flows through the S. W. plays great inequality of sur- part of this town. Ragged face, but is generally produc- ^mountain is partly in this town, tive. This town annually win- the N. line of both town and ters about 2000 sheep, and cat- county passing over its summit. tle in proportion. The second The 4th New- Hampshire turn- N. H. turnpike bisects the N. S. of pike leads through the W. angle Antrim. Reverend J. part of Andover where Grafton M. Whiton is their minister. turnpike meets it Its soil is Here are a meeting-house, 4 of almost every variety, for the grain-mills, 4 saw-milis, 2 mills most part broken and stony, for dressing cloth, 1 carding- but generally good, producing machine, and 3 trading stores. good crops of grain andEnglish In 1813, 45 persons died of grass. On the Pemigawasset the prevailing fever. and Black rivers are excellent tracts of intervale land. Rev. AsHUELOT Or ASHWILLET J. Babcock was ordained here River has a number of 1782. Here are a meeting- branches, the most remote of house, 10school-houses,2 grain- which is S. of Sunapee moun- mills, 6 saw-mills, 1 mill for tain in the township of Goshen, dressing cloth, 1 carding-ma- thence running S. through Al- chine, and 5 trading stores. stead, Marlow, Washington, Here were wintered last season Stoddard, &c. to Swansey, 4000 sheep. Agreeably to a bill where it joins with a large of mortality furnished by Rev. stream of water from Keene, J. B. there have died in Ando- another from the S. line of the ver since the year 1782, under state, &c. Bf low Winchester 70 years of age, 287 persons, it runs W. by N. and at length over 70, 18 persons, over 80, empties into Connecticut river 15, over 90, 2. j.b. in the lower part of Hinsdale.

Antrim, a township in' Atkinson, a township in Hillsborough county, was in- Rockingham county, incorpo- corporated 1777, and, in the rated 1767, containing 556 year 1810, contained 1277 inhabitants and 6,839 acres. souls. Bounded N. by Wind- Bounded N. by Hampstead., GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 8S

N.E.by Plaistow, S. by Haver- flowing thence E. through and Salem. and into the hill, (Mass.) W. by Rumney emptying Atkinson was formerly a part river Merrimack at Plymouth of Haverhill, separated from village. it by the state line of demarca- tion. Its soil is prolific, and Barker's Location is its situation highly pleasant. bounded N. by Lancaster, E, It is 30 miles from the mari- by Jefferson, and S. and W. by time town of Portsmouth, and Kilkenny, and contains 3,090 has an academy which was acres. founded in 1/89, by Hon. Nathaniel Peabody of Exeter, Barnstead, a pleasant lev* who endowed it with 1000 a- el township in Strafford county, cres of land. John Vose, A.M. incorporated 1727, and bound- is the preceptor. Here are a ed as follows, viz. N. E. by handsome congregational meet- Alton, N. W. by Gilmunton, 1 and 1 S. W. Pittsfield, and S. E. ing-house," grain-mill,, by saw-mill. In this township is by Barrington, containing 26, a large meadow wherein is an 000 acres. Here are two ponds island of 6 or 7 acres, which known bv the name of Suncook* was formerly loaded with val- lying contiguous to each other, uable pine timber and other one 400 rods and the other 300 the mea- also Bundle, 250 forest wood. When long ; pond dow is overflowed, by means rods in extent. Each of these of an artificial dam, this island in width wilLaverage their me- rises with the water, which is dium length. Halfmoon pond sometimes 6 feet. In a pond lies on Alton line, its centre in the middle of the island, about equi-distant from the there have been fish, which, two towns, 300 rods long and when the meadow has been half as wide- These ponds all overflowed have appeared there, discharge their waters into when the water has been drawn Suncook river which traverses off, and the island settled to its the town. Beaty*s, Pink, Ad- usual place. The pond is now ani*s, and Jacob's are small and almost covered with verdure. nearly circular pools about 100 In it a pole 50 feet long has rods in diameter. The origin- disappeared, without finding al growth here is pine, oak, bottom." (Morse Gaz.) beach, maple, and hemlock* The soil is hard, but not very B. rocky, well adapted to the increase of corn and grain. Baker's River.— Its most Barnstead reckons 1477 souls N. branch has its source in for its population. Here are a Coventry, and its most S. in congregational and baptist so- Orange and Coventry. These ciety. Elder David Knowl- branches unite in Wentworth, ton was ordained here in 1 804, 84 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

and died in 1809. Enos George Cattle and sheep are raised was ordained by a congre- here in large numbers. In gational council 1804, and is 1814, were wintered here 5,162 their present teacher. Barn- sheep. Chrystal spar, plum- Stead has 2 houses for public bago, or black lead, iron ore, worship, a number of excel- alum, and vitriol are found lent sites for water machinery, here. On the S.E. side of the and already mills of various town is a cave commonly call- kinds. ed the Bears Den, Its mouth is 18 inches wide. The first Barrington, a township in course is an angle of descent Strafford county, incorporated of about 20 degrees, then press- 1722, and bounded N. E. by ing through a narrow passage Farmington and Rochester, S. of about 4 feet in length and E. by Madbury and Dover, descending the same track a- S.W.by Nottingham andNorth- bout 9 feet, you enter an wood, and N. W. by Barn- apartment 21 feet in length, 3f stead. This town is thirteen in width, and 12 in height, in and a half miles long and half which you find a natural table as wide, containing 58,400 a- 2 feet square,smooth and level, cres. It had in 1810, 3,564 and about high enough to stand inhabitants. Here are a large and write upon. Stepping up number of ponds, some of a few feet you then enter an- whose streams afford excellent other room, 16 feet long, 4 mill sites. Bozv pond the larg- wide, and 10 in height, encir- est, is situated in the S.W. cled on each side by a regular part of the town, in extent a- wall of stone. The rocks form- bout 650 rods and 400 rods m ing the bottom of this cave so width. Its Waters empty into exactly correspond with the Isinglass, 2t principal source of roof, that one needs no further Dover river. Besides this are evidence that they were once Chesley*sRound,Mendum!s,Ntp- united. About a mile S. W. po,North river, Wildgoose,Long, from this spot, on the margin Ayer^s, and Trout ponds, W. of a pond, is a rock of 150 per- of the Blue IJiils. The waters pendicular feet above the face of these ponds discharge into of the water. s.b. Suncook river. The first ridge Here are 3 houses of public of Frost hills, commonly call- worship, 18 school-houses, 14 ed Blue hills, and one of the grain-mills, 2 mills for dress- three inferior summits of Ag- ing cloth, 3 carding-machines, amenticus,is continued through and 4 trading stores. The ma- this town. The N. part of jor part of the inhabitants are Barrington is hilly and broken, of the baptist order, having on- but the soil, for the most part ly one society of a different is excellent,yielding corn,grain, denomination in town. Rev. flax, cider, &c. in abundance. Joseph Prince was settled over GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 85 the congregational church 1 755, Amonoosuck. The Bath turn- removed 1760. Rev. David pike leads through the town, Tenney was settled 1771, re- and, where the river and turn- moved 1778. Rev. Benjamin pike intersect, is a very hand- Balch was settled 1784, and some village. Rev. D. South- died 1814. Elder Smitn Bab- erland is their ordained minis- cock, Mieajah Otis, and Jo- ter. Bath has 1 meeting-house, seph Boody are the present or- 3 corn-mills, 6 saw-mills, 1 dained preachers in this town. mill for dressing cloth, 1 distil- This town, from its first settle- lery, and 3 trading stores. ment, has been very healthy. Several of the first settlers liv- Bear Camp River, whose ed to an advanced period of W. branch rises in Sandwich more than 100 years. and Burton mountains and Bear Camp pond, and whose Bartlett, a township in W. branch in Eaton. In Os- the county of Coos, incorporat- sipee these two branches unite ed in 1790, situated at the S.E. and fall into Great Ossipee angle of the White Hills, boun- pond on its W. side. ded N. by Adams, E.by Chat- ham, S. by ungranted land and Beaver Brook, has its and Chad- source from a in Conway, W. by # pond Unity, bourn's and Hart's locations. and, running W. 8 miles, falls Its surface is 13,500 acres. Sa- into Connecticut river in the ro river and the 10th N. H. upper part of Charleston. turnpike road pass through this town. Kearsarge mountain Beaver River, rises from lies on its E. line. Derry pond and several other small ponds in Londonderry, Bath, a pleasant township and passing S. through Pel- in Grafton county, situated on ham, falls into Merrimack riv- the E. side of Connecticut river in Dracut, opposite the er opposite Rygate in Ver- mouth of Concord river in mont, 35 miles N. by E. from Massachusetts. is Dartmouth college ; bounded N. E. by Littleton, E. by Bedford, in Hillsborough Landaff, S. W. by Haverhill, county, situated on the W. and W. by Connecticut river, side of Merrimack river, in- containing 24,827 acres. It corporated in 1750, with a pop- was incorporated 1769, and ulation in 1810, of 1296 souls. has a population of 1316 souls. Bounded N. bv Goffstown, E. Great Amonoosuck passes the by Merrimack river, S. by N. E. corner of Bath and falls Merrimack and Amherst, and into the Connecticut at its S. W. W. by Amherst and New-Bos- corner, near which it first re- ton. It contains 20,660 acres. ceives the waters of the Wild Piscataquog river falls into the £6 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Merrimack at the -N.E. corner Blackwater River. The of Bedford. Here is a socie- most north branch called ty of congregationalists, over North brook rises in Danbury, which Rev. D.M'Gregore was another branch rises in Wii- ordained pastor 1804. Rev. J. mot, and a third proceeds from Houston was their former min- Pleasant pond in New-Lon- ister. Here is also a society don. The streams unite in " of baptists. Near the ferry Andover and flowing through from Manchester to Bedford, Salisbury and Boscawen fall in the spring 1760, were taken into Contoocook river near the 2500 shad-fish at one draught N. angle of Hopkinton. of a netr." (N.H.Gaz.) Here are a meeting-house, a cotton- Blind Will's Neck, is factory, 6 grain-mills, 8 saw- formed by the confluence of mills, 1 clothier's mill, 1 card- Cocheco and Isinglass rivers. ing-machine, and 5 trading Sometime in March, 1677, a stores. party of friendly Indians, of whom Blind Will was one, Bellamy Bank River ris- were all surprised together by es in Chelsey ponds,inBarring- a party of Mohawks, and two ton, and, meandering through or three only escaped. Blind the N. part of Madbury, falls Will w;is dragged by his hair into Piscataqua river on the until he perished of his wounds W. side of Dover neck. on this neck of land which still bears his name. Bethlehem, a township in Grafton county containing 422 Bloody Point, is on New- inhabitants, bounded N. by ington side of Piscataqua riv- Coos county line, which sepa- er. It was called Bloody Point rates it from Whitefield, E. by from a quarrel between the a- Bretton Woods and ungranted gents of the two companies of lands, S. W. by Franconia and proprietors about a point of part of Concord, N. W. by land convenient for both, and, Littleton, containing 28,608 a- there then being no govern- cres. This town is very moun- ment established, the contro- tainous, well watered, and versy had well nigh ended in was formerly known by the blood. name of Loyd's Hills. The N. branch of Great Amonoosuck Boscawen, a township in passes through the N. part, the county of Hillsborough, in~ and the S. branch waters the S. corporated 1760, having in part of the town. 1810, a population of 1829 souls. Bounded N. by Salis- Bishop's Brook, rises in bury, E. by Merrimack river, and waters a considerable por- which separates it from Canter- tion of Stewartstown and emp- bury and Northfield, S. by Con- ties into Connecticut river. cord and Hopkinton, and W.by GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 3f

Warner, containing 32,230 a- Merrimack river at Turkey cres. The largest pond in this falls near the N. E. part of town is called Long pond, 350 Bozv. About a mile below rods in length and averaging 50 Turkey are GarvirCsfalls, now rods in width. Great pond, passable by locks on Bow side. near the centre of the town, is The Londonderry turnpike 250 rods long and 20 wide, its leads from Concord through waters falling into Black Water the E. part of this town, di- river on the N. edge of War- rectly to Boston. Here is a ner. Black Water river flows house for public worship and through this town from Salis- an ordained minister of the bury to Hopkinton, where it regular baptist order. Here meets the Contoocook, Warner are 2 grain-mills, 5 saw-mills, river crosses the extreme S. and 1 carding-machine. W. corner. A toll bridge unites Boscaxven with Canter- Bradford, a township on bury. The 4th N.H. turnpike the W. side of Hillsborough leads through the N.E. corner county, incorporated 1760,with of this town. Here are 28 a present population of 1034. mills for grinding, sawing, full- Bounded N. by Warner, S. by ing, carding, &c. Their first a part of Henniker and Hills- ordained minister was Phine- borough, W.by Cheshire coun- has Stevens, who was succeed- ty line, adjoining Washington, ed by Nathaniel Merrill in E. by Fishersfield and a cor- 1775. At present there are ner of Sutton,containing 18,919 two societies, Rev. Messrs. acres, 469 of which are water. Wood and Price pastors. Here At the E. end of this town is a are 2 meeting-houses, and at pleasant pond 500 rods long the bridge near the river a and 150 wide. A part of handsome village with about Todd's pond lies in this town forty dwelling-houses, and five and the other part in Fishers- stores. In 1746, two persons fidd. These ponds are the were killed and several taken most W. source of Warner's captive and carried to Canada river. Sunapee and othermoun- from this town. tains border on the W. part of this town. Rev. Caleb Burge Bow, a township in Rock- is settled here in the ministry. ingham county, incorporated Here are two religious socie- 1729, containing 729 inhabit- ties, 1 house for public wor- ants. Bounded N.E. by Mer- ship, 2 corn-mills, 2 saw-mills, rimack river which divides it 1 carding-machine, and 2 trad- from Pembroke, S.E.and S.W. ing stores. by Dunbarton, and N. W. by Concord and part of Hopkin- Breakfast Hill, in the ton, containing 15,753 acres. township of Rye, is memora- Turkey river empties into ble on account of the follow- 8S GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

ing circumstances. Early in falls, is a cotton factory with the morning of June 26th, 800 spindles in operation. 1696, a large body of Indians Though situate in the edge of made an attack on 5 houses on Brentwood it is called the Ex- Portsmouth plains, by which eter factory. There are two 14 persons were killed on the religious societies in this place, spot, 1 scalped'and left for dead, congregationalists and baptists, and 4 taken prisoners. The beside a considerable number enemy, having plundered the of friends. Each order has its houses of what they could car- respective house of public wor- ry off, set them on fire and ship. Nathaniel Trask was made a precipitate retreat ordained here 1752, and died. through the Great Swamp. A 1780, aged 67. He was suc- company of militia under Capt. ceeded by Rev. E. Flint, who their Shackford and Lieut. Libbey died 1812 ; present min- pursued and discovered them ister is Rev. C. Colton, who cooking their breakfast at a was settled 1815. Elder S. place ever since called Break- Shephard, recently deceased, fast Hill. The Indians were had the care of the baptist on the furthermost side of the church with several others. hill and had placed their cap- Here are 3 corn-mills, 6 saw- tives between themselves and mills, 1 carding-machine, and the summit, that, in case of an a trading store. Vitriol is attack, they might first receive found here, combined in the the fire. Lieut.Libbey urged to same stone with sulphur. go round the hill and come upon them below and cut off their Bretton Woods, a town- retreat, but the Capt. fearing ship in Coos county, situated in that case they would kill the 8 or 10 miles S. E. from Con- prisoners, rushed upon them necticut river, incorporated from the top of the hill, by 1 772,having but 20 or 30 inhab- which means he retook the cap- itants. It is bounded N. by tives and plunder, but the In- Whitefield and Jefferson, E. dians escaped. by ungranted land, S. by the county line and Nash and Brentwood, a township in Sawyer's Location, and W. by Rockingham county, incorpo- the county line which separates rated 1742, contained, in 1810, it from Bethlehem, containing 905 inhabitants. Bounded N. about 24,978 acres. John's by Epping, E. by Exeter, S. and Israelis rivers receive sev- by Kingston, and W. by Pop- eral branches from this town. lin, of a surface of 10,465 a- The Jefferson turnpike crosses cres. Exeter river, on which the E. part, and Pond Cherry side are many good mill-privileges, mountain is on the N. passes through this town. Here, next to Jefferson. Here is 1 at what are called Pick-pocket corn-mill and 1 saw-mill. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 89

Bridgewater is situated 12,664 acres, 240 of which are on the W. side of Pemigewas- water. Nissitisset river pass- set rivet* in Grafton county, in- es through this town from the N. to S. and falls incorporated 1788, and contain- W. W. ed in 1810, 1104 inhabitants. to Nashua river in Peppereli, Bounded N. by Hebron and Massachusetts. Potanipo pond, Plymouth, E. by the county through which this river pass- is centre of line dividing it from New- es, near the the Hampton, and W. by New- town, and about a mile long, it wide. Here are found pond, dividing from and 120 rods New-Chester. Bridgewater a meeting-house, 3 corn-mills, has 19,785 acres. The Ma- 5 saw-mills, and 2 trading hew turnpike passes near New- stores. Rev* L. Wadsworth, found pond, through the W. their present pastor was or- is dained part of the town. Here a 1797. meeting-house, and, at the N. part a village with a number Burnham's River rises in of mills. Lyman and Littleton and falls into the Great Amonoosuck in Brookfield, a township in New-Concord. Strafford county, about 30 miles from Dover, incorporat- Burton, a township in the ed in 1795, with a present N. W. corner of the county of population of about 657. It Strafford, incorporated 1 766. is bounded N. W. by Wolfe- Its population, conformable to borough, E. by Wakefield, S.E. the census of 1810, was 194 by Great Moose mountain, and souls. It is bounded E. by W.by Alton, containing 13,000 Conway, N.E. by Eaton, S. by acres. Ceok's pond is about Tamworth, W. by Grafton 300 rods long and 50 wide,and county line, and N. by the line is the source of the W. branch of Coos county. The White of Salmon Fall river. Smith's mountains lie N. and White- river rises near the former seat face mountain W. Swift river of Gov. Wentworth, which is passes through Burton from in the S.W. part of the place, W. to E. near the upper line of Brook- field. C. Brookline, a township in Hillsborough county, incorpo- Cambridge, an uninhabited rated 1764, with a population township in Coos county, situ- agreeable to the census of 1810, ated at the S. end of lake Um- of 538 souls. Bounded N. by bagog and bounded N. by Er- Milford, E. by Hollis, S. by rol, E.by the District of Maine, Massachusetts state line, and S. by Paulsburgh and Success, W. by Mason. Its area is and W. by Dummer. Incor- 12 90 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

porated 1773, containing 23, third in width lies near En- 160 acres. Androscoggin riv- field. Mascomy river from er passes through the W. part Dorchester passes through this of this town, town* On it are 12 mills of various kinds. Elder Thomas Campton, a township in Baldwin was settled here in Grafton county, situated on the ministry 1783, and remov- Pemigewasset river, incorpo- ed to Boston 1790. Elder rated 1761, and containing 873 Wheat is their present pastor, inhabitants. Bounded N. bv and was settled here 1813. Thornton, E. by Sandwich, S. by Holderness and Plymouth, Candia, Rockingham coun- containing 27,892 acres. Two ty, was incorporated 1763. sm ill ponds here give rise to Its whole population was, in Mad river, also to Bether river 1810, 1290 souls. Bounded which falls into the Pemigewas- N. by Deerfield, E. by Ray- set, which latter passes the cen- mond, S. by Chester, and W. tre of the town from N. to S. the its by same ; area 1 7,734 Crotchet mountain lies on the acres. A branch of Lamprey W. and Northern mountain on river passes through the N. the E. part of the town. Camp- corner and the Chester turn- ton has a public meeting-house, pike through the S. W. part of and an ordained minister ; 3 the town. It has 2 houses of grain-mills, 3 saw, and 1 oil- public worship, one of which mill, 2 mills for cloth dressing, was erected in 1814, and bears and 2 carding-machines. the name of liberty union meet' ing house. Here are 3 grain- Canaan, a township in Graf- mills, 6 saw-mills, a mill for ton county, of an area of 16, dressing cloth, and a carding- 049 acres, was incorporated machine. Rev. David Jewett 1761. Its number of inhabit- was ordained here 1771, and ants is 1094. Bounded N. by removed 1780. Their late Dames Gore, E. by Orange minister, Rev. Jesse Reming- and Grafton, S. by Enfield, and ton, was ordained in 1790, and YV. by Hanover. Hart's pond, died March 1815. Elder Mo- situated nearly m the middle of ses Bean has been ordained the town, is about 400 rods here several years over a free- long and 100 wide. On the will baptist society. W. shore of this pond is the house of public worship and a Canterbury, a township in pleasant village, through which Rockingham county, incorpo- the Grafton turnpike leads. rated 1727, contained in 1810, Goose pond, lying near Hano- 1526 inhabitants. Bounded ver line is about as large as N. E. by Gilmanton, S. E. by Hart's pond, also Mud pond Loudon, S. by Concord, and 300 rods in length and one S. W. by Merrimack river. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 91 which separates it from Bos- case : we live together in love cavven. This town has 26,245 and union, as brothers and sis- acres. The soil of this town is ters in the spirit and not in the flesh and as believe generally good, producing corn, ; we car- flax, and cider in abundance. nal or self-pleasing gratifica- A bridge over Merrimack riv- tions are of, and from the man er connects this town with of sin, who is now revealed, Boscawen village. A small and is consumed, by the spirit branch of Suncook river cross- and brightness of this present, es the N.E. corner, and a num- second, and last appearing of and streams in ber of small ponds Christ, which we believe ; water the W. part of the town. by which our former heavens Here are two houses of public are dissolved, and our former worship exclusive of the qua- fleshly elements do melt with ker church. Their present fervent heat, (See 2d Pe- minister, William Patrick, is ter, iii. 10th.) And we do of the congregational order. rejoice in their destruction, A. Foster and F. Parker have and by believing and obeying been their former pastors. El- this faith and revelation of der Young, several years since, Christ, we are saved from our was settled here in the free- sins, and constantly say Christ will order. the S.E. is our Saviour baptist On ; and by wear- fide of the town near Loudon, ing his cross, our motives are is the Shaker's village, and as changed and our heaven and the head of their has earth family becomes new ; (2 Peter, furnished the compilers of this iii. 13.) and in this manner of work with a particular account life we know in whom we be- of their concerns, we take plea- lieve, and who and what is of sure in giving it in his own this world, (John vii. \7.) " words. The believers, (or "As to marriages, we are all people commonly called sha- married to one, even to Christ, kers,) in Canterbury have been who is in, and is the head of in the faith we now profess up- his body, the church. (Eph. v. wards of 30 years, and have 30—32.) But external mar- had one Lord and one baptism, riages, for the purpose of grat- which is a crucifixion and ification, or for begetting or death to the nature of sin, and conceiving in sin, or being unites the soul in the spirit shapen and brought forth in and power of the resurrection iniquity, we have not any. It of life. We have united our is the children of this world, temporal interest in one for who have the marriages. Luke more than xxii. twenty years ; ex- 34, &c. ; but we labour cept some, who have since mis- to be of those who are duly believed, or those who did not qualified. (See Rev. xiv. 14. choose so to do ; as there is no Yet we have a plenty of the with us in a the flock compulsion such young of ; and tha*t 92 GAZETTEER OF NEW-FIAMPSHIRE. scripture is fulfilled which ministers of the good civil au- saith, more are the children of thority to which we have re- the desolate, than of the mar- spect, and from whence we de- ried wife. (See Isa. liv. 1. rive suport. " Psa. cxiii. 7, 8. Luke xxiii. We manufacture many art- 29, &c. icles for which we endea- " sale, Death,—The souls who are vour to make worth what the in not die and to Christ, do ; consumer gives for them, such the faithful soul, who departs as linen and woollen wheels, this life there is no nor sting ; measures, seives, candlesticks, does the departing this life brooms, wooden ware, boxes of separate us in spirit nor in dis- wood, whips, cooper set work, for tance ; heaven is where cards for wool and cotton,rakes Christ is,and he is in his church, and sneads, leather of different and that is terrestrial bodies kinds, &c. we also raise garden joined and united to celestial seeds, in which we take pains bodies. (See Heb.xii.22.) But to propagate the best kind. " to answer your mind concern- For several years we have ing deaths.—Within 30 years, not made use of spirituous li- 30 persons, old and young, quors except for sickness or in- have departed this life in our firmity seeing the evil it brings for society here, whom we do on the human race ; and to es- not mourn, believing they have cape another obvious evil we the fruits of their labours. have not made it a practice of "We have generally consist- trusting or being trusted. We ed of from 200 to 300 souls in believe the above sketches to this village. We have one be supportable in truth, and meeting-house, open at all if it will answer your purpose times for public worship,for all ye will insert it without vary- civil, discreet, candid, and well ing the sense. Ye are also behaved people; but all who are welcome to our names. In otherwise minded, we wish union and behalf of the people them in better employ than to called shakers in Canterbury." come among us. We have 7 FRANCIS WINKLEY. dwelling-houses, 1 deacon's of- ISRAEL SANBORN. " fice, and a number of work- We can say we love one an- shops, both for brethren and other, and we do say that our be- sisters, and several mills, &c. loved brethren and sisters at on an artificial stream. Enfield, in this state, are near- "We occupy upwards of 1000 ly of the same number, and are acres of land which is conse- in the same faith and kingdom, crated to the Lord, to all which and in similar circumstances." we hold a lawful and constitu- F.W. tional right to govern and pro- i.s. tect from ail abuse in ; and In April 1752, two Indians, that we a»e assisted by the Sabatis and Christi, came to GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 93

where were ulation about 349 Canterbury', they was,in 1810, entertained in a friendly man- inhabitants. Its boundaries ner for more than a month. At are Moultonborough N. E., their departure they forced a- Meredith neck S.E., and the way two negroes,one of whom waters on the S.W., parting it made his escape and returned. from Meredith and N-;w* The other was carried to Hampton, and N. by New- Crown-Point and there sold to Holderness and Squam lake, an officer. The next year Sa- having an area of 7,626 acres batis with another indian Plow- of land. There is a public 6-azva came again to Canterbu- house of worship for all orders ry, where being reproached for of christians, 1 saw-miii, and 1 misconduct respecting the ne- trading store. Part of Measley groes, he and his companion pond lies in the south-west part behaved in an insolent manner. of this town. Several persons treated them freely with strong drink, and Chadbourne and Hart's one pursued them into the Location, Coos county. Be- woods, and taking advantage ginning at the S.W. corner of of their situation killed them land granted toMr.VereRoyse, and with the help of another at a birch tree, thence running person buried them, but, so N. 470 rods, thence W. 285 carelessly that their bodies rods, thence nearly N. till it were discovered by beasts of meets the Notch of the White prey and their bones lay on the Hills. Saco river finds a pass- ground. The two men that age through this location, and killed Sabatis and Ptowsawa a turnpike road crosses it. It were apprehended and carried contains 3000 acres of land, to Portsmouth. A bill was and is 75 miles N. W. from found against them by the Portsmouth. grand jury and they were confined in irons, but on the night Charleston, a township before the day appointed for in Cheshire county, on the their trial, an armed mob from easterly side of Connecticut the country with axes and river, bounded N. by Clare- crow* forced the prison and mont, E. by Unity, S. by carried them off in triumph. Langdon, and W. by Connect-

icut river ; containing 24,100 Centre Harbour, a town- acres. It was incorporated in ship in Strafford county, situ- the year 1753, and its whole ated on the N.W. end of Win- population in the year 1810, nipiseogee lake and on the S. amounted to 1501. A bridge E. end of Squam lake, from denominated Cheshire bridge which circumstance it has its unites this town with Ver- appellation. It was incorpo- mont. Nearly opposite to the rated 1777, and its whole pop- town are LovelPs Fort-rouger^ 94 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

and Half-moon islands. The Indians were scalping Putnam principal settlement is about a they were fired upon by Wil- half a mile from the river. It lard and his party. Two of is handsomely built, and con- them were mortally wounded, tains 50 dwelling houses, a and were carried off by their court-house, meeting-house, companions. Immediately af- and an academy. It contains ter these bloody affairs, the two parishes, which are divid- Massachusetts assembly sent ed by a line running from Ches- to this town Capt. Paine with hire bridge, S. 87° E. to the a body of men of whom about corner of Unity and Acworth. 20 fell into an Indian ambus- The meeting-house is in the cade, while on their way to north parish, and through this view the place of Putnam's parish runs the Cheshire and murder. The Indians fired, Charleston turnpike, which is and endeavoured to cut off continued over the river by their retreat. Capt. Phinehas Cheshire bridge. The former Stevens immediately came to ministers in this town were the their relief. A skirmish ensu- Rev. John Dennis, and B. Al- ed, in which 5 were killed on cot. The Rev. J. Crosby is each side, and one of the the present minister. Charles- Charleston men was taken. ton contains 4 grain-mills, 6 The Indians retreated, leaving saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing some of their guns and blan- cloth, 3 carding machines, 2 kets. In June of the same oil-mills, a distillery, and 6 re- year, as captains Stevens and others tailing shops. Brown, and some were Charleston has been the searching for their horses, their scene, in former years of many dogs discovered a party of In- Indian cruelties. In April, dians lying in ambush. An- 1746, John Spofford, Isaac other skirmish ensued, in Parker, and Stephen Farns- which the Indians were defeat- worth were taken in this town ed, carrying off with them sev- their and leav- by a party of Indians and car- eral of killed, ried to Canada. They after- ing on the ground a quantity wards returned to Boston with of blankets, hatchets, spears, other side lost a flag of truce. In the course and guns. The same of the May following, a num- only one man. In the ber of women in this town, year a person by the name of while employed in milking Phillips was killed in this towh their by the Indians. cows, guarded by Maj. * Josiah Willard and several sol- In March, 1747, Capt. Phin- with a diers, were fired upon by sev- ehas Stevens, company eral Indians who were conceal- of rangers, consisting of thirty ed, and who at this time kill- men, came to this town and ed one of the number by the took possession of the fort, name of Putnam. While the which they found in a good GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 95

his state of repair. In a few days proposal, accompanying it a with a if they were attacked by large threat, that his terms body of French and Indians, should be rejected, or if any under the command of a one of his party should be kill- Frenchman by the name of ed, he would storm the fort Debeline. The Indians took and put all therein to death. advantage of a high wind, and Capt. Stevens answered that set fire to the surrounding log- nothing but extremities should houses and fences. In this forCe him to accept such terms, way they encompassed the fort that he was entrusted with the with flames. They also dis- possession of the fort, and charged into the fort a vast would not surrender it until he number of burning arrows. was convinced that the besieg- They could not however suc- ers could execute their threats, ceed in setting fire to the adding, that he had no encour- fort, and after having carried agement to surrender if all his on the siege for two days, ut- men were to be put to death tering all the time their savage for killing one of the enemy, shouts and yells, they loaded a when it was probable they had wheel-carriage with dry already killed many. Debeline fag- " gots, probably intending to set replied, go and see if your it on fire and push it to the men dare fight any longer, and walls of the fort. Before this give mean immediate answer." attempt was made, Debeline Capt. Stevens accordingly put demanded a cessation of arms the question to his men, till sunrise the next morning. whether they would fight or This demand was granted. In surrender. They unanimously the morning, Debeline present- determined to fight. This was ed himself before the fort, ac- communicated to the enemy, companied by fifty men and a who renewed and continued flag of truce. He requested the attack all that day and the and obtained a parley. A following night, accompanied French officer then advanced with shouting and yelling. On with an Indian and a soldier, the morning of the third day and proposed that the besieg- they requested another cessa- ed should bind up a quantity of tion of arms for two hours. provisions, with their blankets, Two Indians came to Capt. lay down their arms, and be Stevens with a flag of truce conducted as prisoners to Mon- and proposed, that if he treal, and that the two com- would sell them provisions, manders should meet and an they would depart. Capt. Ste- immediate answer be given to vens answered, that to sell this proposal. Capt. Stevens them provisions was contrary accordingly had an interview to the laws of nations, but offer- with Debeline, who without ed to pay them five bushels of waiting for an answer, renewed corn for every captive for S6 -GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. whom they would give an hos- Captive was given. The whole tage till the captive could be family were then carried offwith- brought from Canada. After out bloodshed. Mrs. Johnson tht communication of this an- was placed on a litter, and some- swer, a few guns were fired, times on horseback. Provis- and the enemy departed. ions soon falling short the In- No lives were lost in the dians > killed the horse, and fort and only two men were even the infant was driven to wounded. Commodore * Sir horse-flesh for its nourishment. Charles Knovvl-S w^s so high* They proceeded to Montreal, \y gratified with the conduct where Johnson obtained leave of Capt. Sevens, that he pre- to return home on a parole of sented him with an elegant and two months. The assembly of valuable sword. From this New-Hampshire granted 150/. circumstance relating to Sir sterling to purchr.se his ransom. Charles, the township was in- The severitv of the winter corporated by the name of compelled him to defer his re- Charleston. Before its incor- turn to Canada till the next poration it was called No. 4. spring. He was charged with The next spring Capt. Ste- breaking his parole, was de- vens was again appointed to prived of a large part of his command at No. 4. with a gar- money, and was cast into rison of a hundred men. prison together with his fami- In the year 1749, near the ly, where the small-pox at- close of this war and after the tacked them. After eighteen garrison was withdrawn, ex- months, Mrs. Johnson with cept 15 men, Obadiah Tort- her sister and two children well was killed, and a son of were sent to England, and captain Stevens was captured from thence they returned to and carried to Canada. At the Boston. Mr.Johnson was de- expiration of the war he was tained three years in prison, set at liberty and sent home. when he was released and This was in the year 1 749. In went with his son to Boston. the beginning of the year 1754, He there met his wife, and this devoted town was again was again imprisoned, being visited by the savages. In Au- suspected of treasonable de- his but gust they broke into the house signs against country, of James Johnson early in the was soon discharged for want morning before any of the fam- of evidence. His eldest daughter retained in a Canadian ily wen- awake. They seized was upon him and his three sons. nunnery. Mrs. Johnson as- The Indians however tarried serts in her narrative that her till the next day on account of eldest daughter Susan returned the situatior. of Mrs. Johnson, a few days before the surren- who was then delivered of a der of Montreal, and she ex- daughter, to whom the name of presses her gratitude to the GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 97 tiWo Miss Jasson's who had the S., Grafton county on the treated her daughter with great N., and Hillsborough county kindness by adopting her as on the E. It contains in land their child and keeping her at and water, 763,860 acres. Its of school. Her daughter Captive, number townships is thirty- who is still living, afterwards six, and its inhabitants a- married Col. George Kimball, mount to 41,042 of whom and Susan married Capt. Sam- 7,478 are legal voters. It has uel Wetherbee. 52 houses for public worship, In 1755, a number of cattle 2 academies, 109 grain-mills, in this town were killed by the 155 saw-mills, 46 mills for Indians, and in 1760, the fam- dressing cloth, 9 oil-mills, 7 ily of Joseph Willard were cotton and 5 woollen factories, captured and carried to Mont- 23 carding-machines, 2 paper- real. mills, 69 trading stores, and 15 distilleries. In 1813, this Chatham, a township in county contained 28 stud-hors- Coos county, incorporated in es, 5,771 horses of 5 years old, 1767, containing 201 inhabit- 498 of 4 years old, 5,169 oxen ants. Bounded N. by Gilman of full growth, 2,930 of 4 years and Warner's location and old, 14,317 cows, 9,632 cattle Mount Royse, E. by the state of 3 years old, and 1,891 acres line, S. by Conway, and W. by of orchard land. Bartlett and Adams. Itcontains The chief towns in Cheshire 2,856 acres. A pond in this county are Charleston and town, called Mountain pond, is Keene. The superior court 200 rods wide and the courts of long and 40 ; common pleas KimbaWs pond, in the S.E.part sit in these towns alternately, of the town, is about 250 rods and the probate court holds long and 240 wide. Kearsarge three sessions in each of these mountain lies in the S.W. part towns every year. This coun- of the town on Bardett line. ty sends 35 representatives to This town contains 2 saw-mills, the state legislature, and there 1 mill for dressing cloth,2 corn- is a gaol in each of the shire mills, and a carding-machine. towns. Chatham is about 10 miles in length from north to south, Chester, a township in and four miles in width. Its Rockingham county, bounded direction from the White N. and E. by Raymond, Can- mountains is east, 8 miles dis- dia, and Allenstown. E. by tant. Poplin and Sandown, S. by Londonderry, and W.by Man- Cheshire County lies on chester and Merrimack river. the easterly bank of Connecti- It contains 49,054 acres, of cut river, and is bounded by which 962 are water. Chester the state of Massachusetts on was incorporated in 1722, 13 93 GAZETTEER OF HEW-HAMPSHIRE.

and contains 2,030 inhabit- which upon the approach of a, ants. torch throw out a sparkling Massabesick pond, containing lustre of innumerable hues. 1,512 acres is situated in the On the 2d of July,1764, Mr. westerly part of this town, a James Shirley of this town, portion of it however is in Man- while walking by the side of his chester. This pond is almost horse, which was led by another equally divided by a narrow person, was instantly strait, over which the London- killed by lightning. The flash derry turnpike passes. In was observed by persons at the Merrimack river, near the distance of a number of rods north-westerly part ofthis town, to fall upon his head. It tore is situated the Isle of Hookset his hat into fragments, singed has its rise his and entered his falls. Beaver brook hair, head in this town and falls into just over his right temple. It Merrimack river. So also does is remarkable, that the money one branch of Exeter river in his pocket was melted, and which passes into Hawke. his buckles, which were of steel Another branch of Exeter river were broken. His horse was passes the northeasterly corner killed although the person who of this town. Chester contains led him, escaped with slight in- 23 mills of various kinds. It jury- has a congregational meeting- In the course of the year house, an academy, 60 dwell- 1724, a party of 5 Indians en- ing-houses, 6 retailing shops, tered Chester and seized upon and one edifice for presbyteri- 2 persons by the names of an worship. The Rev. Messrs. Thomas Smith and John Carr. Hale, Flagg, and Wilson were When they had brought them formerly settled here. The off about 30 miles, they bound Rev. N.Bradstreet is the pres- them and laid themselves down ent minister. to sleep. The prisoners seiz- Rattle-snake hill in this town ed this opportunity to escape, is a great curiosity. Its di- and in three days arrived safe- ameter is half a mile, its ly at a garrison in London- form is circular, and its height derry. 400 feet. On the south side 10 yards from its base is a Chesterfield, a township cave called the Devil's den, in in Cheshire county. It was which is a narrow apartment, incorporated in 1752, and in 15 or 20 feet square, the floor- 1810, its population amounted ing and ceiling of which are to 1830. It is situated on formed by a regular rock. Connecticut river opposite to From the wall of this apart- Dummerston in Vermont. It ment there are depending nu- is bounded N. by Westmore- merous excrescences, bearing land, S. E. by Swansey and the form and size of pears, a part of Kecne, S. by Win- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 9f»

Chester and Hinsdale, and W. rocks bear evident traces of by Connecticut river. This having been heated and calcin- town contains a pond of ed. (Sere Belknap, Vol. III.) 526 acres, called SpafforcTs fond, and in the S. W. part of Chichester, a township in the town is a part of West riv- Rockingham county, is bound- er mountain. The soil of this ed N. E. by Pittsfield and Ep- town is of various qualities, som, S. W. by Pembroke, and and its surface is rough. It N. W. by Loudon and a part produces different kinds of of Concord. It was incorporat- grain, and is well suited to ed in 1727, and contains 11,978 grass, pasturing, &c. The acres and 951 inhabitants. Rev. Abraham Wocd, a con- Suncook river flows through the gregational minister, was or- easterly part of this town, into dained in this town Dec. 3 1st, which river a small stream 1772, and is still settled there. falls from the western side of This town contains a baptist the town. In this town are 7 society, which however is des- water mills. The New-Hamp- titute of a public house of wor- shire turnpike passes through ship. The village here is small, here to Concord. The settle- but it contains an academy, ment of this town was com- which is supported by its tui- menced by Mr. Paul Morrill tion money, subscriptions, and in the year 1758. The soil of yearly donations. Its aver- Chichesteris excellently adapted age number of students is 40> to the cultivation of rye, corn, There is also a cotton factory and wheat. The only high in this town, which was incor- ground of importance here is porated in 1809, and has in op- Bear hill, situated in the N. eration 844 spindles. Besides part of the town, the sides of this, there are 2 distilleries, 4 which are covered with a rich grist-mills^ 7 saw-mills, 2 mills and cultivated soil. for dressing cloth, 2 carding- In 1801, a turnpike was cut machines, 5 shops, and 10 through the woods which then school-houses. covered this spot. There were West river mountain^ which at that time no houses here, is partly in this town, is of nor had agriculture com- some note. In the year 1730, menced its progress.. Since the garrison at fort Dummer that time 12 dwelling-houses was frequently alarmed by ex- have been erected within the plosions heard from this moun- space of 2 miles. The land is tain, attended by the emission now divided into lots and fenc- of columns of smoke. Simi- ed,and a large portion of it is al- lar phenomena have been no- ready improved and well cul« ticed at various subsequent pe- tivated, There is only one re - riods. There are two places ligious society in this town, about this mountain where the and of this the Rev. Josiah 100 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Carpenter is the minister. He There is 1 congregational and 1 is a congregationalist and was episcopalian society in ordained in 1791, and is the this place, over the former of only minister ever settled here. which Rev. S.Farley, and over Besides the meeting-house the latter Rev. C. Barber are there are 5 school-houses. In ordained. Their predecessors various parts of the town are were the Rev. G.Wheaton, A. still to be seen traces of Indian Hibbert, and R. Cassit. Be- settlements. Marks of corn sides these two societies, the plantations, and the ruins of methodists have here a public wigwams were easily discov- house of worship. s.f. ered on the banks of Suncook d.d. river, and several Indian hatch- Clear Stream River ris- ets were ploughed up near the es in the mountains on the W. present site of the meeting- side of thetownofDixville,near house by one of the first set- the northerly extremity of Mill- tlers, captain Samuel Lang- field. Passing thence through maid. the centre of the town of Er- rol, it falls into Ameriscoggin Claremont, a township on river three miles S. of Umba- Connecticut river in the coun- gog lake. ty of Cheshire. It was incorporated in 1764, and in 1810, Cochecho orDovERRivER it contained ^,094 inhabitants. has its source among a number It is bounded N. by Cornish, of small ponds in the town of E. by Newport, S. by Unity New-Durham. It thence takes and Charleston, and W. by the a southerly direction through river. There are here 2 ferries the towns of Farmington and across the Connecticut extend- Rochester, where it unites with ing to Weathers field in Ver- its southern branch, called Is- mont, called Ashley's and Sum- inglass river. From this place ner's ferries. Hubbard^s isl- the main stream passes through and^ just below Ashley '5 ferry Dover, where it falls into Ne- is 240 rods long and 40 wide. wichawannock or Salmon fall Sugar river passes through river, thence to Hilton's point this town and supplies many where the southern branch valuable mill seats, on which meets it. From this junction are erected 3 grain-mills, 3 to the sea, which is 8 miles saw-mills, and 3 mills for distant, the course of this dressing cloth, 1 carding-ma- river is rapid and never freez- chine, 1 paper-mill, and 1 es. oil-mill. The second New- Hampshire turnpike passes Colebrook, a township in from Amherst through this Coos county. It was incorpo- town. rated in 1770, and now eon- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 101

tains 325 inhabitants. It lies Colebrook, E. by Dixville and on Connecticut river 40 miles Erving's location, S. by unap- N. of Lancaster. It is bound- propriated lands and Stratford, ed N. by Stewartstown, E. by and W. by Connecticut river. Dixville, S. by Columbia, and It contains 32,800 acres. Sims W. by the river, and contains stream and Cole brook rise in 25,056 acres. This town is this town and empty themselves watered by Mohawk river and here into Connecticut river. Beaver brook. It has 1 meet- Roaring brook falls into the ing-house and an ordained same river near the lower'ex- minister. It contains a grain- tremity of this town. There mill, a saw-mill, 2 mills for are here several mountains of dressing cloth, 1 carding-ma- a considerable size, and a num- chine, 1 oil-mill, a distillery, ber of small ponds. This town and 1 retail store. contains 1 grist-mill, 2 saw- mills, I mill for dressing cloth, Cold River rises in Cold- 1 trading store, and 1 distille- pond in Acworth, whence its ry. This place was formerly most northerly branch flows, called Cockburn. and its most southerly flows from Alstead. These branches Concord is in Rockingham unite in Walpole, where the county. It lies on both sides main stream falls into Connect- of Merrimack river, was in- icut river. corporated in 1765, and now contains 2,393 inhabitants. It College Lands, a tract of is bounded as follows, begin- land granted to the trustees of ning at the junction of the Sun- Dartmouth college by the state cook and Merrimack, it runs legislature in 1789. It lies on up the Suncook to Loudon, Connecticut river N. of Stew- thence N. 47° W. 810 rods, artstown and contains 40,960 and N. 21 \° W. 700 rods to acres. Two streams called Canterbury, thence on the same Dead water and Cedar stream course 191 rods, thence S. 72°, pass through this tract. It W. 1370 rods across the junc- lies 130 miles N., 9° W. from tion of the two rivers, and by Portsmouth. In 1807, the BoscawentoHopkinton, thence legislature made to the college S. 20° W. 2279 rods to Bow, another grant of land lying on thence on the same course the easterly border of the state binding on Bow 32 rods,thence containing 23,040 acres, equal N. 70° E. 1222 rods to Merri- to 6 square miles. This tract mack river, thence down said lies N. 5° W., 123 miles from river to the boundary first Portsmouth. mentioned. It contains 40,91 9 acres, 1710 of which are wa- Columbia, a township in ter. There are four ponds Coos N. in county. Bounded by this town, Turkey pondy 102 GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIHE. the source of Turkey river, ing-kouses, a spacious meeting- containing about 1000 acres, house, 3 printing-offices, 20 Longpond containing about420, stores, and several mechanics Turtle pond containing about shops. The village in the N. 240, and Horseshoe pond con- E. part of the town contains 28 taining about 50 acres, the wa- dwelling-houses, 2 stores^ a ters of which fall into the Mer- distillery, and several mills. rimack. The Rev. Timothy The whole town contains 5 Walker was ordained in this grain-mills, 8 saw-mills, 4 mills town in 1730, and died in for dressing cloth, 2 carding- 1782, aged 78 years. The Rev. machines, and a nail-factory. Israel Evans was ordained here The N. H. state prison is in in 1789, and removed soon af- this town. It is strongly built terwards. The Rev. Dr. Asa of stone, and in November M'Farland is the present min- 1816, it contained 30 prison- ister. ers. The first settlement of Concord is pleasantly situat- this town commenced in 1685. edon the banks of the Merri- Jonathan Tyng with 19 other mack about 8 miles above persons purchased of the In- Hookset falls. The state legis- dians a tract of land on both lature have for many years sides of the Merrimack river, held all its sessions here, and 6milesin breadth,from Sowhe- from its central situation and gan river to Winnipiseogee lake, thriving back country, Concord and, Mason by deed confirmed will probably be made the per- the purchase. In August of the manent capital of the state. same year the Indians gathered Proposals are already made for their corn and removed their erecting a state house here.* families. By this conduct they One handsome toll-bridge gave considerable alarm to across the Merrimack connects their English neighbours. In this town with Pembroke, an- 1746, a party of Indians lay in other crosses the river near the ambush in this town with an northerly extremity of the intention to attack the people town, over which the N. H. while at public worship, but turnpike passes. observing them go armed to The Indian name of this their devotions they waited till town was Penacook. When the next morning, at which granted by Massachusetts it time they killed 5 and took 2 was called Rumford. The prisoners. compact part of the town which In 1747, July 28th, the In- lies principally on the main- dians again appeared in this - street contains about 200 dwell place and made some depredation among the cattle. They * These proposals were accepted by were pursued by 50 of the En- the in November and legislature 1816, and retreated with the state house is soon to be erected glish, they of handsome stone. great precipitation,leaving their GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 103 " packs and blankets behind them. he soon signalized him'self by One man only was wounded introducing a new system of in the arm. About the same discipline and economy among time a person was killed there the troops under his com- who had just returned from mand." Gape-Breton after an absence During a residence of sever- of two years. al years in Bavaria, he was On the 20th of March, 1 772, conspicuous for his unwearied died in this town Benjamin and successful efforts to ame- Rolfe. He was one of the liorate the condition of the first who adventured their poor and particularly to annihi- lives in a land of savages with late the evil of common begga- the intention of forming an En- ry by providing the beggars, (a glish settlement at Concord, class of people with which that then called Penacook and at a country swarmed) with em- distance of nearly 40 miles ployment and the cheapest ali- from any civilized habitation. ment. All this time his active Benjamin Thompson (bet- and sagacious mind suggested ter known to the world under a variety of improvements fa- the title of Count Rumford) set- vourable to manufactures, do- tled in this town in the early mestic economy, and comfort. part of his life. The town was He particularly improved the then called Rumford, Here he construction of chimneys and married Miss Rolfe. In 1775, stoves, and made many inter- he went to England, and was esting and beneficial experi- employed as clerk in the office ments on heat, cookery, and of lord George Germaine, food. who was then one of the secre- On his leaving the German taries of state, and who eventu- service the duke of Bavaria ally procured for him a colo- created him a count, his title nels commission. While serv- by his own choice, was taken ing in the British army he dis- from the town (Rumford) covered such talents for pro- where he spent his youth. jecting military improvements, After leaving Bavaria count so much mental activity and Rumford passed most of his enterprise, and such acute dis- time in Great Britain, where he cernment in practical philoso- received the honour of knight- phy, that his celebrity extend- hood and enjoyed an uncom- ed through foreign countries, mon share of public and pri- and attracted the attention of vate respect. By steadily di- the reigning duke of Bavaria, recting his extraordinary tal- who offered Col. Thompson a ents to the promotion of the preferment in his service, daily comfort and general wel- which he accepted in 1784. fare of the human family he Raised by this prince to the made every civilized being his rank of Lieut. Gen. of horse debtor, and, while he has re- 104 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. fleeted signal honour upon his Connecticut River has native land, his well merited its source among the high fame has extended itself over lands, which separate the a large portion of the globe. United States from Lower He died in Autencil in France Canada. One of the princi- in the year 1814, aged sixty. pal parent streams of this river is called Indian stream, which Concord in Grafton county, runs nearly in a straight line was incorporated in 1768, and from its source to its junction was formerlv called Gunthwait. with the main branch. The It is a flourishing town. Its most northerly branch is call- population has nearly doubled ed Hall's stream, which, with within the last 10 years, and Perry's stream and several in 1810, it amounted to 1126. others from the west, form in The value of property here conjunction one grand river has increased with the same near the 50th degreeof N. lati- rapidity. It is bounded N.E. tude on land granted to Dart- by Littleton and Bethlehem, mouth college. It has been S. E. by Franconia, S. W. by surveyed about 30 miles be- Landaff, and N. W. by Lyman, yond the 45th degree of N. lat- and contains 29,130 acres. itude to the head of its north- There are here several ponds, western branch, and is settled viz. Minks, Straters, &c. Two nearly all the distance to its branches of the Great Amo- source. Its general course S. noosuck meet in this town and S. W. along the western border pass through it. An iron fac- of New-Hampshire, (between tory lies on the eastern border that state and Vermont) about of the town, adjacent to Fran- 170 miles, it then passes into conia. Large quantities of IVJassachusetts. lime-stone are found here, and Connecticut river in its large kilns are already erected, course between New-Hamp- in which are burnt 400 hogs- shire and Vermont from the heads yearly. All the iron ore, 45th degree of latitude passes which supplies two furnaces, is betweeu Stewartstown in New- dug from a quarry situated in Hampshire and Canaan in Ver- the S.E. part of the town, about mont, thence between Cole- 4 miles distant from the fur- brook and Lexington. Here naces. There are in this town the river bends considerably 1 meeting-house, 3 corn-mills, to the E. as if to give place to 5 saw-mills, 1 mill for dressing Monadnock mountain, which cloth, and an oil-mill. There lies on Lexington shore in is , here a free will baptist Vermont. It receives Mo- church, over which Elder J. hawk river opposite to this Quimby was ordained Septem- mountain, and Jacob's brook a ber, 1800. few miles below. Here the GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 105

river again takes a westerly- ed, passing under three bridg- inclination and flows between es, and receiving Oliverian Columbia and Minchead to river from the east and a small Stratford opposite Brunswick stream from the west at the in Vermont. At this place Great Ox-bow. As it thence Nohegan river falls into the flows between Piermont and Connecticut from the upper ex- Bradford, it receives two large tremity of Brunswick, and mill-streams and Wait's river Pauls stream from the lower from the latter place, and two corner of the same town. The small mill-streams from the river here bends to the east former. It thence passes on on the border of Northumber- through Orford and Fairlee, land, where it receives the up- Lyme and Thelford to Grant's per Amonoosuck, at a great island near the line of Windsor bend opposite the lower ex- county, Vermont. A bridge tremity of Maidstone. From over the falls just below Dart- this point its course is very mouth college unites the towns crooked to the upper part of of Hanover and Norwich, and Lancaster, where there *s a another bridge four or five bridge leading to Guildhall in miles below, near the mouth of Vermont. Five or six miles Mascomy river from New- below this, Israel river emp- Hampshire and White river ties itself, passing from Lan- from Vermont, connects the caster village falls, 3 miles a- towns of Lebanon, N. H. and bove the Catbow. At Catbow Hartford, Vt. Between Plain- the river inclines to the west, field and Hartland is a small and passes between Dalton to isJan4 called Hart's island, Lunenburgh, where the 15 where Queechy river and Lull's miles falls commence. At this brook empty themselves from place John's river empties it- Vermont. From Hart's island self from Dalton, and Neal's the river keeps nearly a straight brook from Lunenburgh. Here course between Cornish and the river makes a westerly- Windsor, till it reaches the bend, receiving Mile's river mouth of Sugar river at Clare- and pissing between Littleton mont. Two very good mill- and Concord, where there is a streams empty themselves from bridge built over the falls. It Windsor and several from has thence a southerly course Weathersfield opposite Clare- between Bath and Rigate, mont. The mouth of Sugar where the Great Amonoosuck river is several miles below empties itself at the lower ex- Asculrey mountain. As the tremity of Bath opposite the river flows on between Charles- mouth of Wells river, which ton and Springfield, it receives passes from Newbury, Ver- Black river from the latter mont. Between Haverhill and town and Williams river from Newbury, the river is crook- Rockingham. It thence pass- 14 10B GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. es between Walpole and the flows along the lower extremi- lower part of Rockingham, ty of Walpole, from which where the great falls com- town Cold river empties it» mence, now known by the ap- self, and from Westminster, pellation of Bellows' falls. The which lies opposite,Sexton riv- width of the river above them er falls in with several other is at some point 22 rods, at small streams. It thence pass- others not more than 16. The es Westmoreland which lies average depth of the channel opposite to Putnam and Dum- is about 25 feet, and is gener- merston, thence it flows by ally well supplied with water. Chesterfield situated opposite It is said, however, that ia to Brattleborough, where it re- September, 1792, after a severe ceives Wantoostilqueck or drought, the waters of this riv- West river. Between Hins- er passed within a space of dale in New-Hampshire and twelve feet wide and two and a Hinsdale in Vermont is a re- half feet deep. A large rock markable bend, where Ashue- here divides the stream into lot river empties itself. The two channels, each about nine- Connecticut a few miles below ty feet wide. When the water this point passes over the S. is low, the eastern channel is line of New-Hampshire into dry, being crossed by a bar of Massachusetts. Its passage solid rock. At such times through the county of Hamp- the whole stream falls into the shire waters some of the most western channel, where it is pleasant towns in the common- contracted to the breadth of wealth, such as Springfield, fifteen feet, and flows with as- Hadley, Northampton, &c. It tonishing rapidity. There are thence enters the limits of several pitches within the dis- Connecticut, passes over En- tance of half a mile above field falls, thence to Windsor, each other, the largest of which where it receives Windsor fer- is that, where the rock divides ry river, thence to Hartford, the stream. Notwithstanding where it meets the tide and flows the violence of the current in a crooked channel into Long here, the salmon pass up the Island sound. At the distance falls and are taken many miles of 130 miles from its mouth, its above, but the shad do not pass width is from 80 to 100 rods. beyond the falls. In 1784, a The whole length of this beau- bridge of timber, constructed tiful river is bordered on each by Col. Hale was projected of its banks with some of the over these falls 365 feet in most flourishing towns in the length. This bridge was sup- United States. Throughout ported by the great central its whole course, it preserves a rock, and under it the highest distance of between 80 and floods pass without doing inju- 100 miles from the sea. The ry. The river from this place whole distance of this mag- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ior

nificent stream from its mouth ber, being fatigued and appre- to its source is above 300 miles. hending no danger laid them- The celebrated American poet, selves down to sleep. The it seized one of Barlow, thus compliments ; woman their tomahawks and with it killed villas shine— No watery gleams through happier the Nor drinks the sea a lovelier wave than thine. and scalped whole party, took their canoe and returned Contoocook, a very consid- down the river to Haverhill. erable river in Hillsborough She afterwards carried the county. Its most southerly scalps to Boston and was liber- branch has its rise near the ally rewarded. Great Monadnock mountain in Jaffrey and Rindge,and its most Conway, a township situat- northerly branch flows from ed in the N. E. corner of Straf- Danbury, Wilmot, &c. at a dis- ford county. It was incorpo- tance of more than fifty miles rated in 1/15, and 1810 it from each other. These contained 1080 inhabitants. It streams after receiving tribute is bounded N. by Chatham and from almost every pond and Bartlett, E. by the line of the spring in Dublin, Peterborough, District of Maine, which sepa- Nelson, Stoddard, Washing- rates it from Fryburgh, S. by ton, Fishersfield, Bradford, Eaton, and W. by Burton and Hillsborough, Antrim, War- Hale's grant, containing 34,728 ner, Sutton, New-London, acres. It was called bv the In- Salisbury, Boscawen, and sev- dians, Pigwackct. A small eral other towns, form a junc- part of Walker's pond and Lit- tion in the northerly corner of tle Pigwacket pond lie in this Hopkinton. The main stream town. The latter is about 1 75 passing easterly from this place rods in diameter. 8 or 9 miles falls into the Saco river passes through Merrimack between Concord this town, where it receives and Boscawen. The Contoo- Swift river and several oilier cook is a very rapid river and small streams. The Rev. Mr. at a distance of 10 or 12 miles Porter was ordained here in from its mouth is 100 yards 1778, and still continues the wide. Just before it empties minister of the place. Conway itself into the Merrimack it has 3 religious societies and 2 branches itself and forms an meeting-houses. It contains island, which has some celebri- 4 corn-mills, 5 saw-mills, 1 ty as being the spot where a mill for dressing cloth, 2 card- Mrs. Dustin performed a very ing-machines, 3 distilleries, heroic exploit. This woman and 3 retail stores. had been captured by the In- dians in Haverhill, Massachu- Coos County is bounded S. setts,and carried to this island. by the counties of Grafton The Indians, 8 or 10 in num- and Strafford, E. bv the Dis- 108 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

trict of Maine, N. by Lower Plainfield, E. by Croydon, S. Canada, and W. by Connecti- by Claremont, and W. by cut river. It is composed of Connecticut river, which sepa- 22 towns, 5 locations, and a rates it from Windsor in Ver- large tract of unlocated land. mont. It contains 23,160 a- In 1810 it contained 3,991 in- cres. A bridge crosses the habitants, of which 628 were Connecticut from this town to rateable polls. It contained at Windsor. The line adjoining that time 262 horses, 37 four Croydon passes over Croydon years old, 47 three years old, mountain. Governor's moun- two old 503 tain is 49 years ; oxen, situated nearly between 231 four years old, 1,383 ccws, the bridge and the road to 637 three years old cattle, and Croydon. 674 two old 13 In this years ; mules, town are a congrega- and 1 jack. This county com- tionalist, baptist, and episcopa- prises 128,662 acres of land lian society, and a meeting- and water S. of latitude 45° house for each. In 1768, the and N. of that latitude it con- Rev. J. Welmaa was ordained tains 160,363 acres. here and removed in 1785. Lancaster is the shire town The Rev. J. Rowel and P. of this county, and was incor- Kindreck are the present min- porated as early as 1763. The isters. This town contains 4 county prison is here, and an grain-mills, 10 saw-mills, 2 academy which was incorpo- mills for dressing cloth, 2 rated in 1808. carding-machines,and 4 stores. Coos county has 12 meeting- houses, 20 grist-mills, 27 saw- Coventry, a township in mills, 5 mills for dressing Grafton county, bounded N. cloth, 3 carding machines, 11 by Landaff, E. by Peeling, S. stores, and 6 dksiilleries, &c. by Warner, and W. by Haver- It stnds 27 members to the hill, containing 33,290 acres. state legislature. The superi- It was incorporated in 1764, or court for the county of and its number of inhabitants Grafton and this county is held in 1810, was 162. Moose- hil- at Haverhill and Plvmouth al- lock and Owl-head mountains ternately on the 4th Tuesday are in this town. Branches y of December, and the court of and Oliverian brook, Baker s common pleas is held at Lan- river, and Wild Amonoosuck caster on the 4th Tuesday of take their rise here. Cov- May. entry contains 2 grist-mills and 1 saw-mill. Cornish, a township in Cheshire county was incorpo- Croydon, a township in the rated in 1763, and its popula- county of Cheshire, was in- tion in 1810, amounted to corporated in 1713. Its num- 1600. It is bounded N. by ber of inhabitants is 862. It GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 109 is bounded N. by New-Gran- Blake*s pond forms its E. cor- tham and a corner of Spring- ner bound. Dalton contains a and 3 field, E. by Springfield meeting-house, corn-mills, 2 Wendall, S. by Newport, and saw-mills, and 1 mill for dress- W. by Cornfsh, and contains ing cloth. 26,000 acres. Croydon mountain extends Danburt, situated in Graf- in a northeasterly direction ton county 6 or 8 miles from through this town from its Merrimack river. It was in- southwestern extremity. On corporated in 1795, and con- this mountain are two small tains 3 15 inhabitants. It is ponds. Its soil is moist and bounded N.E. by Alexandria, rocky, and produces excellent S. E. by New- Chester, S. W. grass, besides wheat, rye,corn, by the line of Hillsborough &c. The principal articles county which separates it from which this town sends to mar- Wilmot, and N. W. by a cor- ket, are beef, pork, butter, ner of Orange. It contains cheese, &c. Croydon turnpike 19,031 acres. Smith's river passes nearly through the cen- waters this town and the Graf- tre of this town. There are ton turnpike leads through its several small ponds in this western extremity to Orford town, which supply some of bridge. the minor branches of Sugar river, on which streams are e- DARTMOUTHCOLLEGE(Vide. rected 4 corn-mills, 5 saw- Hanover.) mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth, and a carding-machine. There Deerfield, a township in is in this town a house of pub- Rockingham county, incorpo- lic worship in which a congre- rated in 1766. In 1810 it gational minister officiates. contained 1851 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Northwood, S. by Candia, E. by Notting- D. ham, and W. by Allenstown and Epsom, and contains 23, Dalton, a township in Coos 254 acres. Pleasant pond is county, containing 235 inhabit- situated in the northerly part ants. It is bounded N.W. by of this town and is about a mile Connecticut river at the great in length and half a mile in falls opposite Lunenburgh in width. There are here sever- Vermont, N. E. by Lancaster al other smaller ponds, one of and Whitefield, S.E.by White- which is the source of the wes- field, and S.W. by Littleton or tern branch of Lamprey river, the Grafton line. It contains the northern branch of which 16,455 acres. passes from Northwood and yohrts river crosses the unites with the western near northerly part of the town, and the centre of Deerfield. The 110 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE soil of this town is for the most with Dimond river and falls in- part fertile, producing the va- to the Margallaway river on rious kinds of grain and grass the easterly side of the state, in abundance. near the S. E. extremity of Eliphalet Smith was the first Wentworth's location. ordained minister in this town and removed soon after the re- Deering, a township in volutionary war. His success- Hillsborough county, incorpo- or was the Rev. Timothy Up- rated in 1779. Its population ham, who died in the year in 1810 was 1363. It is bounded 1811, and was succeeded by N. by Henniker and Hillsbor- the Rev. Nathaniel Wells. ough, E. by Weare, W. by the There is also a baptist church southerly branch of Contoo- increasing in numbers under the cook river which divides this pastoral care of JElder Peter town from Antrim, and S. Young. Each of these socie- by Franeestown and Green- ties has its house of public field. It contains 20,057 acres. worship. At the part of this Pecker's pond, in this town, is town called the parade there is 180 rods long and 50 wide and a pleasant village of 15 or 20 forms the source of the norther- houses, a small academy, sev- ly branch of Piscataquog river. eral stores, mechanics' shops, The 2d New-Hampshire turn- &c. Deerfield contains 4 grain- pike passes through the south- mills, 4 saw-mills, 2 mills for westerly part of this town. The dressing cloth, 1 carding-ma- Rev. William Sleigh is the set- chine, 1 oil-mill, and 13 school- tled minister of the place. houses. The average yearly There is here 1 meeting-house, number of deaths in this town 2 corn-mills, 1 saw-mill, 1 since 1802, has been about 20. clothing-mill, 2 carding-ma- The present year an epidemic chines, 1 distillery, and 2 trad- fever prevailed of which about ing shops. 20 persons died. Formerly, moose were plen- Dimond River. Irs wes- ty in and about this town. In terly branch has its rise in a 1767, Mr. Josiah Prescott lull- pond of that name in Stewarts- ed four within a short time town. Thence its course is near the same spot. through Dixville, and after receiving some tributary streams Dead River rises in the from the lands granted to Dart- northerly part of a tract of mouth college, it empties itself land granted to Gilmanton and into Dead river which flows Atkinson academies. After from the easterly part of those passing through those lands in lands. a number of streams and also through lands granted to Dixville, a township in in Dartmouth college, it unites Coos county, incorporated GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE Hi

1805, and in 1810, containing ed at the head of the tide on 12 inhabitants. It is bounded Cochecho. It was incorporated N. by the college lands and in 1633, and in 1810 it con- lands granted to Gilmanton tained 2,228 inhabitants. It is and Atkinson academies, E.by bounded N. E. by Somers- the second grant to Dartmouth worth, S.E. by Piscataqua riv- college and Wentworth's loca- er, S.W. by Madbury, and N. tion, S. by Millsfiekl and Er- W» by Rochester and a comer and of it ving's location, W. by Barrington ; comprises Columbia,Colebrook,and Stew- 15,112 acres. Coehecho river artstown. It contains 31,023 flows through the whole length acres. Near its western bor- of this town, and Bellamy bank der is a ridge of mountains, through its S. E. extremity. from which flow several ponds A turnpike road passes from forming the sources of two riv- the compact part of this town ers, viz. Clear stream and Di- through Somersworth to Ber- mond river. This town contains wick in Maine. a grist-mill and a saw-mill. The Indians called this place Winichahanat and Cochecho, Dorchester, a township in and the first settlers named Grafton county, incorporated it Northam. Its public build- in 1761, and containing 537 in- ings consist of two houses habitants. It is bounded N. for public worship, one for by Wentworth, E. by Groton, congregationalists and one for S. by Dame's Gore,which sep- quakera, a court-house, print- it a arates from Canaan , and ing-office, gaol, and a bank, W. by Lyme, and contains 23, which was incorporated in 617 acres. There are two 1803. There is a handsome large ponds in this town, viz. village, containing about 70 Slown's pond, which is 500 houses, 18 stores, several offic- rods long and 450 wide, and es, and mechanic shops. A Fowler's pond, which is 300 packet boat, while the river is rod's long and 250 wide. The open, passes from this town to southerly branch of Baker's Portsmouth, every day except river flows through the eastern Sundays. Dover contains 3 part of this town, and a branch grain-mills, 2 saw-mills, 2 mills of the Mascomy passes it§ for dressing cloth, 2 carding- western part. A large moun- machines, an oil-mill, and a tain lies near its S.E. extremi- woollen factory. The Revs. ty, and another called Smart's John Reyner, John Pike, Nich- mountain in the N. W. part of olas Seaver, Jonathan Cushing, the town. Dorchester contains Jeremiah Belknap have suc- 3 mills. cessively been the ministers of this place. The Rev. J. W. a Dover, considerable town- Clary is their present pas^ ship in Strafford county, situat- tor. 112 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Edward and William Hil- were of the peace party and wh® ton came over from London regarded him as a benefactor and commenced the settlement and friend. The two captains of this township in 1623. In would have attacked this body 1630, they obtained a patent immediately, having orders from the council at Plymouth to seize all Indians who had conveying to them that place joined in the war. Maj. Wal- on the Piscataqua, known by dron dissuaded them from this, the name of Hilton's point, to- and planned the following gether with a tract 3 miles stratagem. He proposed to wide extending up the S.side of the whole Indian party a train- the river as far as Swamscot ing and sham-fight after the falls (now Exeter.) Within this English custom. He then tract are now comprised the formed another party consist- towns of Dover, Durham, ing of his own men and those Stratham, a part of Newing- under Capt. Frost of Kittery. ton and Greenland. In 1633, Having diverted the Indians that beautiful neck of land a short time * and permitted (now Dover) was surveyed them to fire the first volley, he and incorporated. A meet- made a dexterous movement ing-house was at the same time and before they could un- erected there and surrounded derstand his intentions sur- with intrenchmentf;, the traces rounded their whole body, of which are still visible. seized and disarmed them In the year 1675, immediate- without shedding blood on ei- ly after the invasion of Dur- ther side. They were imme- ham, a large body of the east- diately separated. Wonolancet, ern Indians negociated a peace with thePenacook tribe who had with Maj. Waldron at Dover, made peace the preceding win- but, as the war had not ceased ter, were amicably dismissed, in the south, many of the In- but the strange Indians (as dians from that quarter min- they were called,) to the num- gled with their brethren of the ber of 200 were secured and east, and under the false ap- sent to Boston. Seven or eight pearances of friendship con- of them who had been guilty of trived to sow the seeds of fresh former murders were hanged, hostilities. In a short time and the rest were sold as slaves captains Joseph Syll and Wil- in foreign parts. The Indians liam Hawthorne were ordered who were discharged by Wal- to march eastward in pursuit of dron, regarded his conduct as a these insidious enemies. On breach of faith and swore a- their march they arrived at gainst him eternal and implac- Dover on the 6th of September, able revenge. 1676, where they found 400 In- In 1689, after a lapse of 13 dians assembled at the house of years since Waldron's strata- Maj, Waldron, most of whom gem, during which time the GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 113

400 Indians who were dismiss- and that there was no dan- ed had not suffered their rage ger." against him to cool, and many The plot which was concert- of those, who had been sold in- ed was, that two squaws should to slavery, having escaped and go to each of the garrisoned returned home with a burn- houses and ask leave to lodge ing thirst for revenge, enter- by the fire, and that in the ed into a confederacy to sur- night, when all the men were prize the major and his neigh- asleep, they should open the bours, with whom the former doors and gates and give the party had been living on terms signal by a whistle, upon of peace and friendship. which the strange Indians, who In that part of Dover situat- were within hearing were to ed near the first falls in the rush in and gratify their long river Cochecho, there were meditated revenge. five garrisoned houses, Wal- The plan having been thus dron's, Otis', and Heard's, the arranged, on the evening of the two and his otbers(Coffin's sons) 27th of June two squaws ap- were on the south side of the plied to each of the garrisons river. These houses were sur- for lodging, as was not unusual rounded with timber walls, the in time of peace, and they gates of which as well as the were admitted to all but young doors of the houses were se- Coffin's house. They were cured with bolts and bars. taught by their own request The Indians, as they passed how to open the doors in case through the town, trading with they should wish to go out the inhabitants, scrutinized during the night. Mesandowit with attention those in wooden was then Waldron's garri- fortifications. Some intima- son and hospitably entertained tions of mischievous plots had there as he had often been be- been given by certain squaws, fore. The squaws told the but in such an ambiguous man- major that a number of In- ner as not to be comprehend- dians were coming to trade ed. of Waldron's with him the next Many men day ; and had early apprehensions, but Mesandowit, while at supper, he laughed at their fears and in his usual familiar manner " " told them to plant their said, Brother Waldron what pumpkins and he would take should you do, if the strange care of the Indians." The ve- Indians should come." The ry evening before the alarm he major carelessly replied that he was informed by a young man, would assemble one hundred that the town was full of In- men by the motion of his hand. dians and the people very un- In this unsuspecting confid- " easy, but he answered, that ence the family retired to the Indians behaved very well rest. 15 114 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

In the stillness of midnight several others were put to the gates were opened and the death, and his wife and chil- signal was given. The Indians dren were taken prisoners, immediately entered, station- Heard's garrison was saved by ed a guard at Waldron's door, the barking of a dog at the and rushed into his apartment, moment the Indians were en- which was one of the inner tering. Elder Wentworth was rooms. Awakened by the tu- awakened by the noise. He mult the major sprang from repelled those who first enter- his bed, and though now bur- ed, and falling upon his back, dened with the weight of 80 he kept the door closed with yeaiK, he retained so much of his feet, till he had given the his youthful vigour as to drive alarm. Two balls were fired them with his sword through through the door, but missed two or three doors, but as he him. Coffin's house was also was returning for his other attacked, but as the Indians arms, they levelled him with a had no particular enmity a- blow from behind which left gainst him they spared him him senseless. Having drag- and his family and contented ged him into his hall, they themselves with pillage. Hav- placed aim in an elbow chair ing found a bag of money they upon a long table, and insult- compelled him to throw it in " ingly asked him, who shall handfulls on the floor, while be the judge of Indians now." they amused themselves in a They then compelled the peo- scramble for it. They then pie in the house to provide proceeded to the house of his them food, and when they had son who had refused to admit finished their repast they cru- the squaws, and promising him elly inflicted gashes on differ- quarter they summoned him to ent parts of Waldron's body, surrender. He withstood their " saying, we thus cross out our offers and resolved to defend account ;" till at last exhaust- his house, but the Indians ed with loss of blood he was brought forward his father and falling from the table, when threatened to put him to death, one of. the Indians, holding his Filial affection overwhelmed own sword under him, in this his courage and he surrender- manner relieved him from his ed. They put both families sufferings. into a deserted house, intend- They also put to death his ing to make prisoners of them, son in law Abraham Lee, but but they ail escaped while the made captive his daughter and Indians were engaged in their several others, and then having work of plunder, plundered the house set it on In this affair 23 people were fire. Otis' garrison,which was killed and 29 made captive, next to Waldron's, met the Five or six dwelling-houses same fate. Otis himself with together with the mills were GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 115

the her burned, and so rapid were toward with a pistol in his Indians in their operations, hand, who looked in her face that they escaped with their and went away. He immedi- prisoners and booty before the ately returned and looked at people could collect from the her again. She then spoke to to as but without town oppose them ; they him, making any passed by Heard's garrison in answer, he went off and she their retreat, they fired upon it, saw no more of him. She but the people within having continued in her concealment resolved to defend it, and the till the conflagration was over enemy being in haste it was and the Indians were gone. saved. The preservation of She then went to her house its owner was still more re- and found it safe. This won- markable. Elizabeth Heard derful preservation of Mrs. with her three sons and a Heard was a remarkable dis- daughter and several other per- play of the power of grati- sons were returning in the tude in an Indian. At the night from Portsmouth. They time of Waldron's stratagem passed up the river in their in 1675, a young Indian es- boats unperceived by the In- caped and took refuge in her dians who then had possession house. In return for her kind- of the garrisons. Apprehend- ness in concealing him he ing danger from some noise, promised that he would never which they heard, they landed in any future war, injure her and bent their steps to Wal- or any of her family. This dron's garrison, where they Indian was known to be the observed lights, which they one who found her concealed supposed were held out to on this eventful night. those who were seeking refuge. On the 25th of January, They knocked and entreated 1691, a young man in the admission, but no answer be- woods near Dover was fired ing given, one of the party as- upon by a party of Indians. cended the wall, and to his as- Lieut. Wilson immediately as- tonishment and alarm, saw an sembled a body of 18 men and Indian stationed with his gun went in pursuit of the aggress- at the door of the house. Mrs. ors. He succeeded in his Heard in the agony of fright search and killed or wounded lost all power to escape, but the whole party except one. she implored her children to This caused a temporary ter- fly and save themselves, they ror among the Indians, but its left her with heavy hearts. effects soon ceased. She soon recovered herself and On the 26th of July, 1696, crept into some bushes and the people of Dover were at- there lay concealed till day- tacked as they were returning light, at which time she per- from public worship. Three ceived an Indian approaching of them were killed and three 116 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE,

carrier! to Penobscot, who af- In May, 1724, a party of 13 terwards escaped and returned Mohawks marked the house of home. In August, 1704, a a Quaker by the name of Han- man bv the name of Giles was son for plunder, and they lay killed, and the people were a- several days in ambush wait- gain waylaid on their return ing for the favourable moment from meeting. In 1 706, Wil- of attack. While Hanson with liam Pearl and Nathaniel Tib- his eldest daughter were absent bets were killed, and in 1710, at a Quaker meeting and his Jacob Garland met the same two eldest sons were working fate. in a distant field, the Indians In the spring of 1711, this entered his house, killed and town was again attacked by scalped two small children, and the Indians, and several people made captive his wife, her in- as they were returning from fant and its nurse, two daugh- meeting fell into an ambush. ters and a son. The next John Horn was wounded and spring Hanson redeemed his Humphrey Fass was taken wife, the three young children and the but prisoner ; but by the resolute nurse, could not courage of Litut. Heard he obtain his daughter, although was recovered from the hands he was permitted to visit her. of the enemy. In April, 1712, He made a second attempt in ensign Tuttle was killed, and 1727, but died at Crown Point in the July following an amon his journey to Canada. bush was discovered, but the The girl afterwards married a enemy escaped. While the Frenchman and never return- people were absent in pursuit ed. of them, two children of John In September, 1725, whiie W ddron's were taken and the people were absent at work were cruelly put to death. Al- in a neighbouring field, a party though there was no man at ofIndians concealed themselves the time in Heard's garrison, a in a barn in prepuration for an woman who was stationed as attack. Two women passed guard called for help with such by the barn at that moment, a resolute and commanding and had just arrived at the gar- voice that the Indians suppos- rison, when the Indians com- ed the men were near and they menced firing. They killed therefore departed without do- two men of the name of ing farther mischief. Evans and wounded another Qa the 29th of August, 1723, slightly in his breast. The the Indians again made their Indians, supposing from the appearance at Dover, where copiousness of his bleeding they surprised the house of Jo- that he was dead, proceeded to seph Ham, whom they put to strip and scalp him. He bore death, and three of whose chil- this operation without betray- dren they carried off. i»g any signs of life, and thus GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. nr

the of he continued appearance as a philanthropist and patriot death while they struck him in the most important public many blows with their guns and stations, he received the high- that departed, supposing they est honours in the gift of his had despatched him. He then country. He was several times arose and walked back naked a member of the general as- and bleeding to the garrison. sembly of the province, and a Fainting with his wounds, he colonel of the 2d regiment of dropped at the feet of one of militia, which was particularly his friends who met him and exposed during the war. On who carried him to his house. the establishment of the coun- He recovered and lived fifty ty of Strafford, he was appoint- years afterwards. The Indians ed the first judge of probate a also at that time carried off to few months before his death. Canada a lad of the name of In May, 1770, died Friend Evans, who was afterwards re- Joseph Estes in the 74th year deemed. of his age, who for a period A female of the name of of 40 years was a public Christina, who was born at speaker in the quaker meet- Dover in the year 1688, was ings at Dover and elsewhere. carried captive with her mother He was universally respected to Canada soon after the des- and lamented. truction of Dover by the In- In 1772, died Howard Hen- dians. In Canada she was edu- derson at the advanced age of cated in the Roman Catholic more than 100 vears. He was faith, and she was there marri- present at the capture of Gib- ed. Upon the death of her raltar from the Spaniards in husband she became very anx- 1704. The annual average ious to revisit the land of her number of deaths in this town nativity, and an exchange of from 1767 to 1815,hasbeen 19. prisoners taking place in 1714, The largest number was 50 she returned and married Capt. and the smallest 8. During Thomas Baker, then of North- the above period thirty died be- ampton. She renounced the tween the ages of 70 and 80, Catholic religion and removed six between 90 and 100, and to Dover, where she lived a one over 100. bright example of piety, and died on the 23d of Februa- Dublin, a township in Ches- ry, 1773. The number of her hire, incorporated in 1761, and posterity of three generations now containing 1184 inhabi- was 72, of whom 57 survived tants. It is bounded N. by her. Nelson and Hancock, S. by On the 25th of June, 1773, Jaffrey, E. by Peterborough, died the Hon. George Guage and W. by Marlborough and a in the 72d year of his age. part of Roxbury, and contains Having distinguished himself 26,560 acres, 600 of which are 118 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

water. Centre pond, a few rods There is here 1 saw-mill and 1 S. W. of the meeting-house, is grist-mill. 300 rods in length and 160 in width. North pond is about Dummer Fort. (See Hins- 400 rods long and 140 wide. dale.) There are also several smaller ponds in this place. A branch Dunbarton, a township of of the Ashuelot river and two an elevated situation in Hills- branches of the Contoocook have borough county, bounded N. their rise in Dublin. The form- and N. E. by Hopkinton and er falls into the Connecticut, Bow, E. by Merrimack river, and the latter into the Merri- S. by Goffstown, and W. by mack. In the southerly part Weare, containing 20,966 a- of this town is situated the cres. It was incorporated in grand Monadnock mountain. 1765, and in 1810 its popula- Dublin has 6 corn-mills, 8 saw- tion was 1256. There are here mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth, four small ponds, viz. Purga- 1 carding-machine, a distille- tory, Woodbury, Long, and Gor- ry, and 11 school-houses. ham ponds ; the waters of all The first minister here was which fall into the Merrimack. the Rev. Joseph Farrar, a con- This town is connected with gregationalist, who was ordain- Chester by a bridge thrown ed on the 10th of June, 1772, over the Isle of Hookset Falls, and dismissed in June, 1776. by which the Londonderry Rev. Edward Sprague, the pre- turnpike passes the river. The sent minister, was settled over Rev. W. Harris was ordained the same church inl 777. There here in 1789, and is the present is also a baptist church here, minister. There are in this over which Elder Elijah Wil- town 1 meeting-house, 2 grist- lard was ordained in 1794. mills, and 7 saw-mills. Each of these societies has a meeting-house. Dublin is com- DunstABLE,a township lying posed of two small villages be- in the southeasterly extremity sides many scattered houses. of Hillsborough county. It was incorporated in 1746, and Dummer, a township in Coos in 1810 it contained 1049 in- county. It was incorporated habitants. It is bounded N. in 1773, and now contains only by Merrimack, E. by Merri- 20 inhabitants. It is bounded mack river, which separates it N. by Millsfield, E. by Cam- from Nottingham West, S. by bridge, S. by Paulsburgh, and the state line, which divides it W. by Kilkenny and some un- from Dunstable in Massachu- granted lands, and contains setts, and W. by Hollis, and 27,562 acres. The Ameris- comprises 18,878 acres. At coggin and Amonoosuck riv- this place Nashua river emp- ers both pass through this town. ties itself into the Merrimack. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 119

the wacket on the forming an island and upper part of the mouths. river where a place called Nashua Saco, formidable Pennychuck brook constitutes tribe had once inhabited and the northern boundary of the now occasionally resided. Lov- town. ell had with him 46 men includ- The former ministers in this ing a chaplain and a surgeon. of place have been the Rev. Two them having lamed Messrs. Swan and Kidder. themselves, returned home,and At present the Rev. Mr. Sper- another falling sick,his compan- ry is settled here. The princ- ions built a stockadefort on the 10 ipal village consists of 8 or west side of the great Ossipee dwelling-houses and 2 stores. pond and left him at this place About a mile below at the with the surgeon and 8 others place called the harbour there for a guard. The remaining are nearly as many more build- 34 now pursued their march ings. northward about 22 miles In former years this town from the fort to a pond, on the among others suffered from the east side of which they encamp- Indian parties, who were ed. Early the next day, while prowling upon our frontiers. at their morning devotions, Two men having been missed they .heard the report of a gun from this town, a scouting par- and discovered a single Indian ty consisting of 11 were de- more than a mile distant stand spatched in search of them. on a point of land which pro- They were attacked by the jected into the pond. They Indians and 9 of them were had been alarmed the preced- killed, and the surviving 2 ing night by noises, which they escaped badly wounded. At supposed came from the ene- a subsequent period another my, and their suspicions were party from this town fell into now confirmed. They believ- an ambush, but the enemy not ed that the Indian they saw having an equal force retreated was stationed to decoy them, leaving 1 killed and 4 wound- and that the body of his com- ed. In 1724, a volunteer companions was in their front. A pany under the command of consultation was held and they Capt. Lovell was raised from resolved to march forward, and this town and became alike re- by surrounding the pond to markable for its success and command the point where they its misfortunes. Its first ex- observed the Indian. In pre- pedition was to the northward paration for action they threw of lake Winnipiseogee where off their packs and were oblig- they killed 1 of the enemy and ed to leave them without a made 1 prisoner. In 1725, guard. In their march they Capt. Lovell marched from crossed a carrying place, Dunstable with the design of through which two parties con- attacking the villages of Pig- taining 41 Indians, command- 120 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

fordable their left ed by Pagus and Waha, who ; on was the of rocks had been scouting down Saco point ; their front was river and were now returning partly covered by a deep bog, to their lower village. Having and the pond was in their rear, discovered Lovell's track, they The enemy immediately open- followed it till they came to the cd a galling fire upon their packs, which they seized, and front and flanks, and could they upon counting them found the have used this advantage skil- force of their enemies to be fully they might have killed or smaller than their own. They captured the whole of our par- accordingly stationed them- ty, who were destitute of pro- selves in ambush in prepara- visions and cut off from re- tion to attack. The Indian, treat. Under the command who had been seen on the of Lieut. Wyman they con- point and was now returning to tinued their fire and retained the village by another path their courage the whole day, met Lovell's party and was fir- in the course of which their ed upon. He returned the fire chaplain,Jonathan Erie, ensign and wounded Lovell and one Robbins, with one other per- of his companions with small son were mortally wounded, shot. Lieut. Wyman then lev- The Indians made signs t» elled at him and killed him them to surrender by holding and took his scalp. Discover- up ropes, endeavouring at the ing no other signs of the ene- same time to intimidate them my, Lovell's party then return- by horrid yells. Our people ed to the spot where they had were resolved to die rather left their packs. While they than surrender, and by a well were searching for them, the directed fire the ranks of the Indians rose from their ambush enemy were thinned and their and rushed upon them with a yells became fainter. At the frightful yelling. A brisk fir- close of the day the Indians ing then ensued on both sides, abandoned their advantageous Capt. Lovell with eight others ground % carrying with them were killed, and Lieut. Farwell their killed and wounded and was wounded. Several of the leaving the bodies of Lovell and fell as his Indians also ; but they companions unscalped. The were superior in number to surviving remnant of our brave Lovell's party and their inten- countrymen found three of tion being discovered, the lat- their number unable to move ter retreated with the hope of from the spot and eleven oth- sheltering themselves behind a ers of the wounded, who had rocky point and a few large still strength enough to march, trees on the shore. In this and nine only who were unin- forlorn condition they took jured. It was an agonizing their station. On their right necessity to abandon their dy- was a brook at that time un- ing companions, but there was GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 121

the no alternative. Ensign Rob- found bodies of the killed, bins desired that his gun might buried them and carved th-ir be left charged by his side, so names on the surroun ding trees. that if the enemy should re- The Indians, among many oth-r turn, he might sacrifice at least ers, lost Pagus their chief. one more of them to his re- The place whfcre the action was venge. On the rising of the fought was Pigwacket, now moon they departed from this the south part of the town of fatal spot and directed their Fryburgh. march toward the fort where the surgeon and the guard had Durand, a small township been left. To their astonish- in Coos county containing 62 ment they found the place de- inhabitants. Bounded N. by serted. On the commencement Mainsboro', E. by Shelburne, of the action, one man, (whose S.by the White mountains, and name has not been suffered to W. by Kilkenny. It contains disgrace the history of this af- 25,672 acres. One branch of fair) fled to the fort,where in the Moose river and several branch- language of Job's messenger, es of the Amonoosuck and Isra- he informed the guard of Lov- el rise in this town. ell's death and the defeat of his party, upon which they Durham, a township in made the best of their way Strafford county, lying on Oys- home, leaving behind them a ter river at the junction with quantity of provisions which the Piscataqua. It contains a was a seasonable relief to the population of 1449, and is retreating survivors. Lieu- bounded on Madbury S. 63£° tenant Farweli and the chaplain E. 1040 rods, thence S.54-°E. the of the to who kept journal Cedar point ; on Lee N. march, perished in the woods 16|°E. 5 miles and 66 rods; on from an unavoidable want of Newmarket S. 80i° E. 70O attention to their wounds. The rods to a rock,thence S.56£° E. remaining few after a long se- 264 rods to the head of the ries of hardships, arrived at creek, thence to Chelsey's little their homes at "different times. island which is the S. corner They were received with joy boundary, thence by Great and and recompensed for their suf- Little bay to Cedar point, com- ferings and their valour by prising an area of 14,970 acres. public gratitude and affection. The N.H. turnpike from Ports- A generous provision was mouth to Concord passes made for the widows and chil- through this town. dren of the slain. The first settled minister in Capt. Tyng of Dunstable, Durham was the Rev. Hugh immediately collected a com- Adams, who was ordained in pany, marched to the place of 1717, and dismissed in 1739. the engagement, and having The Rev. Nicholas Giiman, 16 122 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Hugh Adams, and Curtis Coe covered a party of five Indians have been his successors, all of in the field near a deserted them congregationalists. The house, some of whom were compact part of the town, near gathering corn, while the oth- the falls contains a handsome ers were preparing to roast it. meeting-house, 37 dwelling- Our people were at such a houses, and 7 stores and small distance from their compan- shops. Inthis town resided IVfaj. ions, that they could not make Gen.SullivanandCol. Adams of any signal to them without dis- the revolutionary army, Hon. covering themselves. Two of George Frost and Ebenezer them crept silently toward the Thompson were also citizens house and rushing suddenly of Durham. The annual av- upon the two Indians, who erage number of deaths in this were busy at the fire, knocked place for many years past has them down with their guns. been computed at less than 15. The other three took the alarm In Durham is situated that re- and escaped. markable rock weighing 60 or In 1694, when a large part 70 tons and lying so exactly of the inhabitants had march- poised on another rock as eas- ed to the westward, the In- with one dians ily to be moved who were dispersed in hand. the woods about Oyster river, Durham was included in having diligently observed the Hilton's patent which was number of men in Hucking's granted in the year 1630. In garrison, rushed upon eighteen September, 1675, the Indians of them, as they were going to made an attack at Oyster riv- their morning devotion, and er, then a part of Dover and havingcutoff their retreatto the now constituting Durham. house put them all to death ex- They burned two houses,killed cept 1 who fortunately escaped. several men and carried away They then attacked the house, two captives. Two days after in which there were only two this attack they made another, boys beside the women and destroyed several houses and children. The boys kept them killed two persons. These re- off for sometime and wounded peated insults and depreda- several of them. At length tions roused the indignation of the Indians set fire to the house our people and forced them to and even then the boys would retaliate. About 20 young not surrender till the Indians men, most of whom were from had promised to spare their Dover, obtained permission lives. The latter however per-* from major Waldron to make fidiously murdered three or an attempt against the Indians four of the children, one of in their own way. Having whom they fixed upon a sharp scattered themselves in the stake in the view of its mother. woods, a division of them dis- The women and children were GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 123

carried eaptive, but one of the ing partially deranged the plan, boys made his escape the next as several parties who were at day. a distance,had not then arrived The next spring the Indians at their stations. The inhabit- narrowly watched the frontiers ants also, being generally a- to determine the safest and larrned, some of them had most vulnerable points of at- time for escape and others to tack. The settlement at Oys- prepare for defence. The sig- ter was selected for destruc- nal being thus given, the attack tion, and preparations being at commenced on all points, length completed for the incur- where the enemy was ready. sion, Sieur de Villieu with a Of the twelve garrisoned hous- company of 250 Indians and a es five were destroyed, Ad- French priest marcbtd for this ams', Drew's, Edgerly's,Mea- devoted spot. Oyster river is der's, and Beard's, The ene- the stream which fails into the my entered Adams' without west branch of the Piscataqua resistance where they murder- river just below the present ed fourteen persons, whose site of Durham. The settle- graves can still be traced. ments were on both banks of Drew surrendered his garrison the river. Here were twelve on promise of security but he garrisoned houses amply suffi- was put to death. One of his cient for the reception of the in- children, only nine years old, habitants,but not apprehending was compelled to run through any danger, many of the fami- a line of Indians as a mark for lies remained in their unforti- their hatchets. Edgerly's gar- fied houses, and those who rison was evacuated, the peo- were in the garrisons were but ple having fled to their boats, indifferently prepared for a one of whom was mortally siege, as they were destitute of wounded in attempting to es- powder. The enemy approach- cape. Beard's and Meader's ed the place undiscovered and were also evacuated and their halted near the falls. Here inhabitants escaped. The un- they separated into two divi- fortified houses were all set on sions, one of which was to go fire, the people being either put on each side of the river and to death or captured in them. plant itself in small parties in Some escaped by concealing ambush near the houses and to themselves in the bushes and be ready for the attack at sun- elsewhere. Thomas Edgerly rise, for which a single gun having hid himself in his cel- was to be the signal. One lar preserved his house though John Dean, whose house stood it was twice set on fire. The near the falls, happening to rise house of John Bass the minis- very early for a journey before ter was destroyed together the dawn of day, was shot as he with his valuable library. He came out of his door. This fir- was absent at the time and his 124 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

wife and family fled to the the house of John Davis, who woods. The wife of John after a short resistance sur- Dean who was the first person rendered on terms which were shot, was taken with her daugh- basely violated, as he and his ter and carried about two miles whole family were either kill- up the river, where they were ed or made prisoners. Thom- left under the care of an old as Beckford preserved his Indian, while his companions house in a singular manner. It returned to their bloody work. was situated near the river The Indian complained of a and surrounded by a palisade. pain in his head, and asked the Hearing the alarm before the woman what would relieve enemy had reached his house, him, she replied, occapee, he sent off his family in a boat (which is the Indian name for and then fastening his gate he rum) and of which she knew undertook alone the delence of he had carried away a bottle his house. Contemning alike from her house. The medicine the promises and threats of his being very agreeable to his taste besiegers, he kept up a con- he repeated the dose. He stant fire at them, changing his soon fell asleep from its effects dress as often as he could, and and she seized the opportunity giving orders aloud,asif he had to escape into the woods, a company with him. Find- where she lay concealed till ing their exertions unavail- the danger was over. ing, the enemy withdrew, leav- The other seven garrisons ing Beckford the sole master were resolutely and successful- of a fortress which he had de- ly defended. The gate of Burn- fended with such admirable ad- ham's happened to be left open dress. Three other garrisons, through i he night. A man being seasonably apprized of within, who had been kept a- the danger, were resolutely de- wake by the tooth-ach, hear- fended, and two Indians were ing the alarm gun, roust d the killed in attacking them. Jones' people and secured the en- garrison was surrounded be- trance, just as the enemy had fore day, but its owner, hearing reached k. Finding themselves his dog bark and fearing that disappointed at this point, the wolves were near, went out at Indians immediately ran to that moment to secure some Pitman's, a defenceless house swine and returned uninjured. and forced open the door at Having on his return ascend- the. moment that he had burst ed his wall, and observing the his way through that end of flash of a gun, he immediately the house, which adjoined the dropped backward, and the ball garrison, to which he and his entered the very place where family happily escaped. Their he stood. The enemy from bloody purpose being thus a- behind a.rock continued firing gain defeated, they attacked on the house for some time GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 125 and then abandoned it. Dur- detained four years and endur- the ed but death. She ing these transactions every thing French priest took possession was delivered of a child in the of the meeting-house and em- winter, unsheltered from the in on ployed himself writing storms^ and being unable to but the the Indians it to the pulpit with chalk, nurse it, put house itself received no dam- death. After her return to her age. husband she had a family of Those parties of the enemy, 14 children. She lived to the who were on the other side of age of 89 and her husband to the river, having completed that of 93. They died within their work of destruction, as- two days of each other and sembled in a field adjoining were buried in the same grave. Burnham's garrison, where In 1703, the Indians made they insultingly displayed their another incursion and killed prisoners and derided the in- one man. In 1704, several habitants,supposing themselves persons were murdered by out of the reach of the guns, them, and in 1 705,«a small par- one of them was shot from ty attacked the house of John the sentry-box from the garri- Drew, where they put eight son. Both divisions having people to death and wounded then met at the falls where they several others. The garrison had separated the evening be- was near but was at that time fore, marched to Capt. Wood- without a man in it. The woman's garrison. , The ground men, finding their case desper- being broken and hilly, they ate, put on the hats of their made their approach without husbands and dressed them- difficulty and kept up a continu- selves in other respects like al fire at the hats and caps, men, and by keeping up a brisk which our people held on sticks fire, they actually drove the above the wall. At length fear- enemy off, before they had ing that the inhabitants from plundered or even attacked the the neighbouring settlements house. John Wheeler accost- would collect against them, ing this party and mistaking the Indians retreated, having them for friendly Indians, un- killed or captured between 90 fortunately fell into their pow- and 100 persons and destroyed er and was killed, together 20 houses, 5 of which were with his wife and four child- garrisoned. Among the pris- ren. Two of his sons secret- oners were Thomas Drew and ed themselves in a cove by the his wife who were recently bank of the river. In 1707', married. He was taken to two men were captured from Canada, where he continued Durham, and two others were two years and was then ran- murdered as they were on a somed. She was carried to journey from that town to Do- Norridgewock, where she was ver. In 1 707, a party of Mo- 126 GAZETTEER OF NEW -HAMPSHIRE. hawks attacked a company of deaths in this town were 283, our men who were at work in making an annual average of the woods under the direction about nine. The greatest num- of Capt. Chesley. At the first ber in any one year was 21, fire they killed seven and wound- and the smallest number 2. ed another. Chesley, with his Since 1771, the proportion has few surviving companions con- remained nearly the same. tinued a brisk fire on the enemy, and for some time kept Eaton, a township in the them off, but he at length fell, northerly part of Strafford overpowered by numbers. He county, incorporated in 1766, was deeply lamented as a brave and containing in 1810, 535 in- officer. the Indians In 1724, habitants ; bounded N. by Con- made another incursion into way, E. by the eastern line of this town, formed an ambush the state, S. by Ossipee Gore, near the road and murdered and W. by Tamworth, contain- several persons. ing about 27,637 acres. There of Col. Da- are several in this The family John ponds town ; vis of this town (who died at Six Miles pond, in the western the age of 88,) were equally part of the town, CoolCs, Lit- remarkable for longevity and tle, Blair*s, &?c. / and in the superior stature. Five of them S. E. extremity of the town lived till the age of 85, and one rises Legion mountain* There to that of 99. are 5 saw-mills, 5 grain-mills, and 1 clothing-mill. Elder E. Jackson is the only settled minister here* East-Kingston, a township in Rockingham county, Effingham, a township in situated in the southerly part Strafford county, incorporated of that county. It was incor- in 1678, and now containing porated in 1733, and contains 876 inhabitants : bounded N. 442 inhabitants. It is bounded W. by Ossipee Gore, E. by the N. by Exeter, E. by Kingston, state line, which separates it S. by Southampton, and W. from Parsonsfield, S. E. by and N. W. by Kingston, and Wakefield, and S. W. by Os- of contains 6,200 acres of excel- sipee, comprising an area lent land. Powow river cros- 34,938 acres. The great Os- ses the S. W. extremitv of this sipee river passes through this town. The Rev. Peter Coffin town in a westerly course, over was settled here in 1772, and which is here a toll bridge 500 has long since removed. There feet in length. There is a is here but one meeting-house. pond near this river 400 rods This town contains 3 corn- long and 270 wide. On the mills and 2 saw-mills. From western side of this town lie G. the year 1740 to 1771, the the Green mountains* Rev. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 127

Burt was ordained here inl803, 1100 rods long and 250 wide. after. are here also and dismissed soon There There Eastpondf are in Effingham three relig- Maidpond, and several smaller ious societies and 2 meeting- ones, in the whole comprising houses, 4 grain-mills, 4 saw- 2210 acres of water. The mills, a clothing-mill, and a fourth N. H. turnpike leading carding-machine. to Lyman's bridge passes between Mascomy pond and the Ellis River rises on the mountain. At the west end of the easterly side of the White the pond stands principal hills in several small streams, village, containing 30 or 40 near the source of Peabody dwelling-houses and a hand- river, and separating into two some meeting-house. There streams which unite in Ad- is also a village of the shakers ams, empties into the Saco at at the S. E. end of the moun- Bartlett. tain near a small pond, (see Canterbury.) Stony brook runs Ellsworth, a township of through the south part of the mountainous land in Grafton pond, and Mascomy rive«r falls county, bounded* N. by Peel- into the pond of that name. contains ing, E. by Thornton, S. by Enfield 4 grain-malls, Rumney, and W. by Warren. 5 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, Its whole population is 142, 2 carding-machines, and an oil- and its area 15,606 acres. mill. There is a small pond in the S. E. part of the town, from Epping, a town in Rocking- which a stream flows into Pem- ham county, (formerly a part igewasset river, and in the of Exeter,) incorporated in north part of the town is situa- 1639, and now containing a ted Cat mountain* There is population of 1182. It is bound- here 1 corn-mill and 1 saw-mill. ed N. by Nottingham and Lee, E. by Newmarket and Brent- Enfield, a township in the wood, S. by Brentwood and lower part of Grafton county, Poplin, and W. by Nottingham incorporated in 1761, and now and Raymond, and contains containing 1291 inhabitants. It 12,760 acres. Lamprey river is bounded N. E. by Canaan, passes through Eppingentering S. E. by Grafton, S. W. by its southwest corner. In this Cheshire county line which di- town Patuckaway and North vides it from New-Grantham, livers fall into Lamprey river, and W. by Lebanon, compris- the former in its western and ing in this space 24,060 acres. the latter at its southeast part* On the N. W. side of this On these streams are 4 grain- town lies the greatest part of mills, 6 saw-mills, and 1 cloth- Mascomy pond, which is about ing-mill. 123 GAZETTEER OF NEW -HAMPSHIRE.

soil of is excel- The Epping The principal village in Ep- lently adapted to almost all som contains about 20 houses, a sorts of grain, grass, flax, &c. congregational meeting-house, In the orchard of Capt. Towle a school-house, and several of this town there is an apple- small stores. This town, like tree which in one year pro- most others of its size in the duced between 50 and 60 bush- state, has several religious so- els. cieties. There are here many The first minister of Epping valuable mill seats. There are was the Rev. Mr. Cutler who 7 grain-mills, 9 saw-mills, 2 was ordained in 1747. Rev. clothing-mills, 2 carding-ma- Josiah Stearns, his successor, chines, and a cotton factory, was ordained in 1758, and died Maj. Andrew M'Clary, a in 1790. Rev. Peter Holt, the native of this town, fell at present minister, was ordained the battle of Breed's hill on in 1793. June 17, 1775, after defend- In Epping there are 4 meeting with a few compan- ing-houses and 8 school-hous- ions a temporary entrenchment es. In the revolutionary war thrown up a few hours before. there were ten died among Attacked by an overpowering those who went from this town. force of the enemy they re- . The annual average number o£ treated about one mile. The deaths is about 13. major in this action displayed great bravery and presence of Epsom, a township in Rock- mind. Inflamed by an ardent ingham county, bounded N. patriotism, like the Roman Ca- by Pittsfield, E. by Northwood, millus, he left his plough On the S. by Allenstown, and W. by first intelligence of war, and Pembroke and Chichester. It volunteered in the cause of his contains about 19,200 acres, brethren, in which he was soon and in 1810 its population was called to a command which he 1156. executed to his lasting honour, Suncook river passes through the westerly part of Epsom and Errol, a township in Coos receives Little Suncook from county, situated on the western several small ponds in North- branch of Umbagog lake. It wood. In the northeast part was incorporated in 1774, and of the town are several small contains only 38 inhabitants* mountains, viz. M*Roy's, Fort, It is bounded N. by Went- Nat's, &V. worth's location, E. by the The Rev. John Tuck was district of Maine, S. by Suc- ordained here in 1761, and was cess and Paulsburgh,and W.by succeeded by the Rev. E. Ha- Millsfield, and contains 35,400 zeltine who died inl813. Rev. acres, 2,800of which are water. J. Curtis was settled in 1815, Margallawayand Clear streams and is the present minister. here unite with another stream GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 129

Mowing from Umbagog lake, where it receives Little river and form in junction Ameris- from the west, and mingles coggin river. From the centre shortly after with the tide wa- of this town to Stratford on ters of the Swamscot, in the Connecticut river the distance midst of a fine trading and is 25 miles. manufacturing settlement. Ex- eter is the second considerable Erving's Location is in town in the state, 50 miles N. Coos county, 118 miles from of Boston, and 402 N. E. of Portsmouth, bounded N. by Philadelphia. It has a bank Dixville, E. by Millsfield, and with a capital of two hundred W. by Columbia and ungranted thousand dollars. It was for- lands No. 1. merly the seat of government, and many of the public offices Exeter, called Swamscot of the state are still kept here. by the aborigines, an ancient The public edifices are two post town in Rockingham coun- congregational churches, a bap- ty, pleasantly situated at the tist meeting-house, an elegant head of tide waters and navi- academy, a handsome court- gation on the southwest branch house, and a gaol. Beside the of Piscataqua river, and equi- celebrated Phillips Exeter distant from the metropolis Academy there are here two and Newburyport in Essex English schools and ten or a county, Massachusetts. Exe- dozen private schools chiefly ter was incorporated in the for females. It is well situat- year 1639, and contained ac- ed for a manufacturing town, cording to the last census, 1759 and has 2 fulling-mills, 2 card- inhabitants. The township is of ing-machines, 2 oil-mills, a an irregular figure, of an area woollen factory, 2 extensive of 11,800 acres, and has for its cotton factories, a spinning and boundaries Newmarket N. by weaving factory, a tin ware, and E. ; Stratham E. and N. E. ; comb, morocco factory, a Hampton and Hampton-falls gin distillery, iron works, a S. S. of E. ; Kensington ; and manufactory ordnance and Brentwood on the W. Exeter small arms, a paper mill, a Fresh river takes its rise from great number of saw and grist- a small pond in Sandown, mills, a printing-office, book- running thence on the corn- store, book-bindery, &c. &c. ers of Hawke and Poplin, The saddlery, shoe-making and thence into Chester and thence chaise-making business is also again into Poplin, Raymond, carried on here to a very great Brentwood, and Exeter, near extent. In 1776, Col. Samuel what are termed Pickpocket Hobart erected a powder-mill mills, pursuing from thence in this town capable of manu- an easterly course till with- facturing 2,400 pound of pow- in one mile of the falls der per week. It is not now 17 130 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRfc

in operation. Before the rev- consists of seven gentlemen, of olution ship-building was an whom the Hon. J.T.Gilman is extensive and profitable branch president. The immediate in- of business here, and vessels of struction of the students is en- five-hundred tons burden were trusted to a principal, a pro- built and floated down the fiv- fessor of mathematics and nat- er to Portsmouth and sold, or ural philosophy, and an assist- employed in the West-India ant. trade. Since the last war it The Rev. John Wheelwright has altogether declined. Spec- the principal settler of this imens of bog iron ore and town, in 1638, removed from some considerable copper py- Braintree, (Mass.) then a part rites have been discovered in of Boston, where he was set- this town. Vitriol also, com- tled in the ministry. In the bined in the same stone with same year he united with sev- sulphur, is found in its neigh- eral others in making a settle- bourhood. In the year 1789, ment in Exeter. He was a the remains of an Indian skel- gentleman of talents, piety and eton were dug up on the east learning. side of the river in this town. For other particulars of the It was in a perpendicular posi- original settlement of this place tion and enclosed in a birchen see page 52. hollow log. Some strings of The Indians did not com- wampum and twelve spoons, mence their depredations a- apparently of European manu- gainst this place till the year facture, were found near it. 1675, at which time they kill- The skull was entire, the teeth ed several persons here. remained in the jaws, and the In July, 1690, Col. Winthrop hair, which was long, straight, Hilton's garrison in this place and black, had suffered neither was attacked and some lives decay nor injury. were lost. In June, 1697, this in a re- Phillips Exeter Academy in town was preserved this town is a highly respecta- markable manner from a deep ble, useful, and flourishing in- laid plot which the Indians had stitution. It was founded by formed against it. The enemy the Hon. John Phillips, LL.D. were planted in ambush near in 1781. A part of its funds the town, and were discovered is appropriated to the support by some children who had ven- of candidates for the ministry or tured from home without a indigent scholars recommend- guard. The savages retreated for their genius and learned without the loss on our side one ing. There are in this acade- of more than person. my nearly 80 scholars. It has In 1710, Col. Winthrop a well selected library and a Hilton with a party of his in handsome philosophical appara- neighbours, while at work tus. The board of trustees a field situate in that part of GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIAMPSUIRE. 131

Exeter which is now called on its southerly side. The Epping, were attacked by the latter is about 500 rods long Indians, who barbarously mur- and 60 wide. The westerly dered the colonel with two of side of the town is broken and his party, and captured two elevated, but most of its land others. Emboldened with this is suited for grazing. There success the enemy immediately is in this town a baptist meet- entered the settlement and killing-house, 8 or 10 mills, and 3 ed several other persons, some stores. of whom were children. Fitzwilliam, a township ** F. in Cheshire county, situated on the southerly line of the Farmington in Strafford state, which separates it from county was formerly a part of Royalston and Winchendon in Rochester. It was incorpo- Massachusetts. It is bounded rated in 1722, and in 18 10, con- by Richmond on the W., Marl- 1 on the and tained 272 inhabitants ; bound- borough N., JafFrey ed N. E. by Milton, S. E. by and Rindge on theE., and con- Rochester,S.W.by Barrington, tains 26,900 acres,400 of which and N. W. by New-Durham, are water. In this town lies comprising 20,811 acres. South pond, which is 320 rods Cochecho river flows through long and 90 wide in its narrow- est and also the N.E. part of this town,and part ; Sip's pond, the Frost mountains extend 200 rods long and 100 wide. through it from N- to S. From Fitzwilliam was incorporated the summit of this ridge, called in 1773, and its population is Mount Washington, the sea- now 1310. It is situated on coast and a large part of the the height of land south of the state may be seen. There is Monadnock mountain, and its in this town a handsome meet- surface is hilly. The soil is ing-house, several mills, and rocky but well adapted to grass trading stores. and to the cultivation of vari- - ous kinds of grain. The low . Fishersfield, a township lands are covered with pine, in Hillsborough county, incor- hemlock, and spruce. There porated in 1778, and now con- are here also some valuable taining 563 inhabitants. It is and productive meadows. Near bounded N. by New-London, the centre of the town is a large E. by Sutton, S. by Bradford, hill remarkable for the beauti- and W. by Cheshire county fully romantic prospect which line which divides it from Go- it affords ; and in the northwest shen and Wendell, comprising part of the town is Gap moun- an area of 19,332 acres. In tain, which at a distance ap- the north part of the town lies pears to be part of the Monad- Sunapee pond* Todd pond is nock, and on which are foun.4 132 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE the common substances called izen of this town, and reflected whet-stones. honour upon it by his courage About half a mile north of as a soldier and his excellen- the centre of the town four turn- cies as a man. The average pike roads meet, viz. one from annual number of deaths in this Keene, one from Winchester, town for the last seven years one to Temple ton, and one to has been about 14. In the year the last Ashby, (Mass.) ; two 1812, 16 persons died here of lead to Boston. There is a the throat distemper. village here comprising about 20 houses, a meeting-house, 3 Fox Point. (See Newing- stores, and several mechanics' ton.) shops. At the south end of South pond an enterprizing citi- Francestown, a town in zen opened a canal through the Hillsborough county, bounded bank of the pond at some dis- N. by Deering, E. by New- tance from its natural outlet^ Boston, S. by Lyndeborough and erected upon it a grist-mill, and Greenfield, and W. by which promises to be produc- Greenfield, and containing 18, tive and useful. At the north 760 acres, of which 660 are extremity of the town there is water. In 1810 its population a village of about 15 houses, was 1451. besides a grain-mill, a fulling- This town derived its name mill, and a carding-machine. from Frances, the wife of Gov. Several looms and machines for John Wentworth. It was in- spinning wool have been in op- corporated in 1772, and then eration here during the past included what was once called summer. New-Boston- Addition, togeth- The first church in this town er with a part of Society Land was formed on the 27th of and Lyndeborough. The soil March, 1771, on congregation- here is uneven and stony, but al principles, over which the its qualities are warm and moist. Rev. Benj. Brigham was or- There are some small inter- - dained pastor. This gentle vales which are very produc- man died on the 11th of June, tive. The original growth here 1799, in the 58th year of his was beech, birch, red oak, ma- age and the 29th of his minis- ple, hemlock, and pine. There try. His successor was the are many springs in the town, Rev. Stephen Williams, who and on its easterly side isHaunt- was dismissed in November, ed pondy about 300 rods long 1802. The Rev. John Sabin, and 225 wide ; and also Plea- the present minister of the santpond,dbout350 rods square, place, was ordained on the 6th in which the 4th branch of Pis- of March, 1805. cataqua river has its rise. Brig. Gen. James Reed, a The highest land in this town revolutionary officer, was a cit- is Crotched mountain^ the sum- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 133 mit of which is more than 600 perous condition. From its feet above the plain in the cen- settlement to 1790, the whole tre of the town. About half number of deaths was about way up this mountain there is 100. From 1790 to May, a small pond, always full and 1814, the deaths amounted to of a shallow 401 a of whom yet always depth. , large proportion One of the summits of this were infants. In 1812, thirty- mountain is covered with three persons died here of the is woods, the other almost a dysentery ; the whole number solid ledge of rocks, affording of deaths in that vear was 45. a very extensive prospect to the Exclusive of the ordinary pro- southwest. portion of other mechanical The second N. H. turnpike business, there are here four passes through this town near large tanneries, a manufactory its centre in a southerly direc- of musical instruments, and tion. Another important road, one of earthen ware. The leading from the southwesterly compact part of the town con- part of the state to Concord, sists of about 25 dwelling-hous- crosses the turnpike in this es, with a handsome meeting- town. house,several stores,&c There The first permanent settle- are also 7 school-houses. The ment here was made about the school committee in March, year 1760, by one Carson, a 1814, reported that exclusive Scotchman. In 1773, the in- of the small scholars who at- habitants had so increased by tend in the summer only, there emigration, chiefly from Ded- were in these schools during ham, (Mass.) that a congrega- the past winter, 450 scholars, tional church was gathered of whom 82 were in the study here by the Rev. Samuel Cot- of English grammar. ton, minister of Litchfield. It The farmers of this town consisted at first of 18 mem- have recently paid increased at- bers, and in 1792 of 148, since tention to the raising of sheep. which time a large number has The introduction of the merino been added. No other relig- breed has become an interest- ious society has ever existed ing and profitable concern. in this town excepting a small There are two flocks of sheep one of Scotch presbyterians, in this town, containing in them which in 1 792, united with the both more than 600. The ag- congregationalists. Rev. Mo- ricultural and general condi- ses Bradford is the first and on- tion of this place has of late ly minister over settled in this been flourishing. A mail stage place. He was ordained in passes through Francestown September, 1790, and to his twice a week to and from Bos- exertions is the town in a great ton. There are here two quar- measure indebted for its res- ries of free stone, one in the pectable character and its pros- easterly and one in the souther- 134 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

for- suers be ly part of the town. The was obliged to swim mer was discovered in 1813. across the Hudson river three not times. It is not extensive, and has He is now living in been much worked. The lat- good health at the age of 77. ter is productive, and probably L.W. inexhaustible. It was first worked about ten years ago. Franconia, (formerly Mor- Its colour is white, mingled ristown,) lies in the upper part with a dark shade. It is easi- of Grafton county, near the ly manufactured with the saw western side of the White or chisel, and is susceptible of mountains which form its eas- a high polish. Although of a tern boundary. Lincoln and soft nature, it is very adhesive Landaff are its southern, Con- and heavy, 12 cubic feet weigh- cord its western, and Bethle- ing one ton. After it is pre- hem its northern boundary. pared at the quarry, it is sold The great Hay-Stack mountain for Si,42 cts. per cubic foot. It is on the southeasterly extrem- is used for hearths, stoves, &c. ity of this town, and French In several parts of this town, and other mountains are within large rocks of a globular form its limits. It contains 32,948 are found directly poised on the acres. surface of others. Curiosities Several branches of the great of this kind, of which the cause Amonoosuck rise in these moun- is certainly mysterious, are tains and pass through this common to many places in this town. Franconia was incor- state. Clay of a superior qual- porated in 1760, and in 1810, ity for bricks is found in large contained 358 inhabitants. quantities in this town, and in There is here an extensive iron some spots there have been seen factory establishment. The strong indications of iron ore. company was incorporated Der Indeed several large pieces of cember 18th, 1805, and is com- good purity have been found. posed principally of Boston and Richard who has Salem gentlemen. The works long resided in this town, was consist of a blast furnace with captured by the Indians during a reservoir of water near the the last French war in the year top as a precaution against fire, 1 756. Although guarded by an air furnace, a steel furnace, two warriors, he was able by a pounding machine to sepa- the superior strength and agility rate the iron from cinders, to effect his escape, but not a forge with 'four fires and without the loss of all his two hammers, a turning lathe, clothes. He wandered entire- and a trip-hammer shop with ly naked between the lakes four fires and two hammers. George and Champlain for six There are also in this town a days, eating nothing but berries powder magazine, a saw-mill, and bark. To elude his pur- a grist-miU, 10 or 12 dwelling- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 1&>

houses, a store, and a ware- carding-machine. The free house. will baptists have here a large Most ofthe ore wroughthere church and society under the is conveyed from Concord care of Elder Richard Martin, mountain about 3 miles from an aged and respectable minis- the furnace. There is also a ter. There is also a society of Jarge tract of coaling ground the regular baptists under the belonging to the company, and care of Elder Morrison. At a highly impregnated mineral Meredith bridge, which unites spring about two miles from this town to Meredith, is a the furnace. Not very far from handsome village containing a- this establishment are the up- bout 25 dwelling-houses,stores, " per works, called the Haver- &c. A meeting-house was late- hill andFranconia ironworks," ly erected here by the inhabi- which were incorporated in tants of the two towns for the 1808. These are built on the common use of all orders of same plan as the former, but christians. their operations are not as yet so extensive. Gilmanton, a township in Strafford county, incorporated G. in 1727,and containing inl810, 4,338 inhabitants. It is bound* Gilford, a township in ed N. by Gilford, E. by Alton, Strafford county, formerly a S. E. by Barnstead, S. W. by part of Gilmanton, incorporat- Rockingham line, and N.W.by ed in 1727, and now containing Winnipiseogee lake and bay about 1200 inhabitants. It is which separates it from San- bounded N. by Winnipiseogee bornton, comprising an area of lake, E. by Alton, S. by. Gil- 58,448 acres. Suncook river manton, and W. by a long bay rises here in a pond of that which divides it from Gilman- name on Gilford line, the wa- ton. There are here several ters of which fall into another large mountains. The sum- pond of the same name, which mits of two of them are within is larger than the former, being 200 rods of each other, and about 350 rods long and 175 about 2000 feet above the level wide. From thence it falls in- of the town. On the souther- to a third pond of the same ly part of Gunstock mountain name 500 rods long and half as is Suncook pond, which forms wide. There are several small- the northerly source of Suncook er ponds in this town, in one river, of which is the source of Bow Gilford has two meeting- Cook river. houses, which belong to no There are in Gilmanton 5 particular denomination of meeting-houses, 20 school- christians, 3 trading stores, 4 houses, a court house, a cotton . grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and a factory, a nail factory, 9 grain- 136 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. mills, 10 saw-mills, 2 clothing- GoFFSTOWNin Hillsborough mills, a carding-machine, an county, is situated on the wes- oil-mill, and 9 trading stores. terly side of Merrimack river, A handsome academy was it is bounded N. by Dunbarton, here in E. incorporated and built by Merrimack river, S. by 1 794, and opened for the recep- Bedford, and W. by New- tion ofstudentsDecember,l 797. Boston and part of Weare, and It has generally from 30 to 50 contains 29,170 acres. It was students. Its funds are about incorporated in 1761, and in $5000, raised by subscription. 1810, contained 2000 inhabit- There is here a congregational ants. In the S. W. extremity church and society recently un- of the town are the two Uncon- der the charge of the Rev. I- oonock mountains, and in the S. saac Smith,who died in March, E.part is the Amoskeag bridge 1817. There are several bap- and falls. Piscataquog river tist socieiies,and one of friends. passes through this place. In One term of the common pleas 1771, Rev. Joseph Currier was for the 1st district, is holden settled here in the congrega- here annually. tional order. Cornelius Wa- Hon. Joseph Badger, who ters andD.L.Morrill,have been settled in this town in the year his successors. There are in 1760, was its first magistrate, this town 2 religious socie- and was highly instrumental in ties, 1 meeting-house, 8 trad- its growth and prosperity. He ing-stores, 1 cotton factory was for many years judge of containing about 30 spindles, 7 probate, and resigned that of- grain-mills, 20 saw-mills, 2 fice at the age of 70. clothing-mills, and 2 carding- machines, Gilsum, a township in Ches- hire county, incorporated in Goshen, a township in Ches- 1763, and now containing 513 hire county, incorporated in inhabitants. It is bounded N. 1791, and in 1810, containing by Alstead and Mariow, E. 563 inhabitants. It is bound- by Sullivan and Stoddard, S. ed N. by Newport and Wen- by Keene, and W. by Surry. dell, E. by the county of Hills- The eastern branch of Ashue- borough, S.by Washington,and lot river passes through this W. by Lempster and Unity, town. Gilsum has 1 meeting- and contains 12,023acres. Little house, 2 grain-mills, and 2 saw- Sugar river waters the north mills. Elisha Fish who died part of the town. Sunapee in 1807, was its first ordained mountain lies between Goshen minister. The annual average and Fishersfield. Croydon number of deaths in this town turnpike passes through the is not more than 6. In 1813, west part of the town to Con- 10 died here of the spotted fe- necticut river. There is here ver. 1 grain-mill, 2 saw-mills, 1 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 137

- 1 distil- more clothing-mill, and 998 than two years old, lerv. 3522 oxen,l308 four years old, 9981 cows, 50,084 three years Grafton County is bound- old cattle, and 6107 over two ed W. by the west branch of years old. In 1812., there were Connectieut river, S. by the also in this county 52 mules counties of Cheshire and Hills- and 3 jacks, and 577 acres of borough, E. by Strafford, and orchard. N. by Coos. Beginning at Grafton county contains 36 Connecticut river, at the west houses for public worship, 1 extremity of Dalton and run- academy, 83 grain-mills, 118 ning on the west and south saw-mills, 24 mills for dressing line of Dalton to Whitefield, cloth, 35 carding-machines, 1 thence on the west and south paper-mill, 49 trading-stores, line of Whitefield to Bretton 21 distilleries, and 1 oil-mill. Woods, thence on the west The county prison is at Haver- and south line of BrettonWoods hill, and the superior and infe- to the southeast extremity of rior courts hold alternate ses- Weare, thence south in a sions there and at Plymouth. urn * straight line across unlocated The probate courts are holden lands to the county of Strafford at Haverhill, Plymouth, Han- at the northerly corner of over, Bridgewater, and En- Tamworth, thence on the north field. and west line of Sandwich and Grafton, a township in the on the south line of Holderness county of that name, lies about to Pemigewasset river, thence 13 miles southeast from Dart^ down that river to the N. E. mouth college. It was incor- extremity of New-Andover, porated in 1773, and now con- thence on the northerly line of tains 931 inhabitants. It is that town and on the northeas- bounded N. E. by Orange, terly line of New-London to S. E. by Cushing's Gore,S.W. the1 N. E. extremity of Spring- by the line of Cheshire county field, thence on the northerly which separates it from Spring- line of Springfield, New-Gran- field, and N. W. by Enfield tham, and Plainfield to Con- and a part of Canaan, and Con- necticut river, and thence by tains 21,993 acres. Branches that river to the place first men- of Smith's river water the eas- tioned. terly part of the town,and Mas- This county contains35 town- corny river its west part. There ships and a large quantity of are here 2 baptist meeting- unlocated land. Its population houses, 6 grain-mills, 6 saw-* by the last census was 28,462, mills, 1 clothing mill, 2 card- of whom 4,837 were rateable ing-machines, 2 stores, and 1 polls. There are in this coun- distillery, ty 29 stud-horses, 3827 other That species of mineral, horses, 286 four years old, and (lassis specularis) commonly 18 138 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRL. called isinglass, is found in a of this bay, Stratham and state of great purity in Glass Greenland on the southern, and hill mountain in this town. It Durham on the northern shore. adheres in the form of lamina to rocks of white and yellow Great Island. (See New- quartz. The usual size of Castle.) these lamina is about 6 inches square, but some have been Greenfield, a township in found 18 inches. This glass Hillsborough county, incorpo- when prepared is transported rated in 1791, and containing to Boston, and from thence in 1810, a population of 980. large quantities are exported It is bounded N. by a part of to England, probably for ship Hancock and Francestown, E. lanthorns. It is found on the by Francestown and Lynde- easterly side of the mountain, borough, S. by Temple, and which is about 200 feet high. W. by Peterborough, and con- Many people are employed tains 16,904 acres, 187 of every summer in collecting it. which are water. Contoocook river separates this town from Great Bay. The western Hancock. There is here one branch of Piscataqua river is pond about 200 rods long and formed by Swamscot river, 100 wide, besides several oth- which flows from Exeter, Win- ers of less note. A part of nicot river which comes from Crotchet mountain rises from Greenland, and Lamprey river the north part of this town, which divides Newmarket frem .and there is also a mountainous these streams in Durham ; empty tract the southerly part. miles called into a bay 4 wide, Greenfield* contains a congrega- in its Great Bay. The water tional meeting-house, (in which further progress is contracted Rev. J. Walker was; ordained into a lesser bay, and there re- in 1812,) several mills, and 2 ceives Oyster river from Dur- stores. ham, and Black river from Do- ver. The whole branch at Greenland, a township i& length meets the main stream Rockingham county, incorpo- at Hilton's point. The tide rated in 1703, and now con- into all these streams as flows taining592 inhabitants ; bound- far as the lower falls in each, ed N. by the Great Bay and and forms a very rapid current, Newington, E. by Portsmouth especially at the seasons of the and Rye, S. by Northampton, freshets, when the ebb contin- and W» by Stratham, compris- ues about two hours longer ing 6,335 acres. The land than the flood. Piscataqua here which borders upon the bridge is thrown over the lower bay is of an uncommonly good extremity of Little bay. New- quality, and in a high state of ington lies on the eastern shore cultivation. This part of the GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 139 town is celebrated for produc- by the falling of water through ing excellent cider, large quan- a box, &c. tities of which are sold here The first minister in this annually. The soil in ofher town was the Rev. S. Perley, parts of the town is light and who was ordained in 1779, and sandy but not unproductive. was succeeded by the Rev. Rev. William Allen, the first William Rolf, who is the pre- settled minister in this town, sent pastor. There is here 1 was ordained in 1707, and died congregational and 1 baptist in 1760, at the age of 84. His society, 1 meeting-house, 2 successors have been the Rev. grain-mills, 4 saw-mills, 1 Messrs. M'Clintock, Neal,and carding-maehine, and 1 dis- Abbot. The latter gentleman tillery. is the present minister. There is here a spacious meeting- H. house for the congregationalists, and a very convenient one Hall's Stream rises in the for the joint use of the metho- highlands which separate Ver- dists and baptists. There are mont from Lower Canada, and also in this town 3 grist-mills, falls into Connecticut river at 2 saw-mills, and several trading the N. W. extremity of Stew* shops. artstown.

GROTON,a township in Graf- Hale's Location is situat- ton county, incorporated in ed in Coos county, and is 1761. It was formerly called bounded N. and W. by un- Cockermouth. Its population granted lands, E. by Conway, in 1810, was 549. It lies about and S. by Burton. It is 800 15 miles N. of Dartmouth col- rods in length and 173 in width lege, and is bounded N. E. by at its north, and 320 at its Rumney, S. E. by Hebron, S. south extremity. W. by Orange,and W. by Dor- chester, and contains 16,531 Ham»stead, a township in acres. Rockingham county, was in- The northerly part of the corporated in 1749, and con- town is watered by several tained in 1810, a population branches of Baker's river, and of 733. It is bounded N. by a number of streams which Hawke and Sandown, S. E. by fall into New Found pond have Plajstow, S. by Atkinson, and their sources here. W. by Londonderry, and con- There is in Groton an iron tains 10,623 acres, 400 of which furnace for casting hollow ware. are water. There is here Wash- This furnace is heated bywood, pond, containing about 200 and the fire is kept alive by acres, and a part of Islandpond the action of air put in motion about the same size. The 140 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPS HIRE.

Rev. Henry True was settled which latter 897 were males here in 1752, and died in 1782. and 828 females. The largest Rev. is the number of deaths in one The John Kelly anvy present minister. There is a year was 69, and the smallest pleasant village in this town number was 7. In the year comprising 10 or 12 dwelling- 1737, 69 persons died here, 55 houses, a meeting-house, and of them by the throat distem- several trading shops. per. On the same year there died of that disease, 99 in Brampton, a township in Portsmouth, 88 in Dover, 210 Rockingham county, lying on in Hampton-falls, 127 in Exe- the sea-coast. It was incorpo- ter, 11 in Newcastle, 37 in rated in 1638, and contains a Gosport, 44 in Rye, 18 in population of 990. It is bound- Greenland, 21 in Newington, ed N. E. by Northampton, S. 22 in Newmarket, 1 8 in Strat- E. by the sea, S. W. by South ham, 113 in Kingston, 100 in Hampton, and N. W. by a part Durham, and 22 in Chester, in of Exeter, and contains 18,1 29 all about one thousand deaths acres. from July, 1736 to September Hampton was called by the 1737. Indians Winicowett. Its first In the year 1754, the same minister was Stephen Bachel- disease again visited Hampton der, who was settled in 1638, and carried off 55 persons. and dismissed in 1641. His In the year 1638>the gener- successors have been Timothy al assembly authorized Mr. Dalton, John Wheelwright, (a Dummer of Newbury,together brother of the celebrated Mrs. with John Spencer to erect a Hutchinson,) Seaborn Cotton, house in Hampton, which was John Cotton, Nathaniel Gook- afterward called the bound in, Ward Cotton, Ebenezer house, although it was intend- Thayer, William Pidgeon, Jes- ed as a mark of possession se Appleton, (now president of rather than of limit. Bowdoin college,) and J. Web- This step having been taken st. r, the present pastor. toward population, a petition Hampton is a valuable and praying leave to settle here, flourishing township, contain- was presented to the assembly ing two meeting-houses, and by a number of persons chief- in its compact part, many hand- ly from Norfolk in England, some buildings and several and the prayer was granted. shops. An academy has re- They commenced operations cently been opened here, which by laying out the township in- has much promise of useful- to 147shares,and having form- ness. ed a church,they chose Stephen Between the years 1731 and Baxhelder for their minister, 1791, there were in this town with whom Timothy Dalton 884 deaths and 1725 births, of was afterwards associated* GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPS HIRE. 141

The original number of inhab- N.E. by Hampton, S.E. by the itants was 56, among whom salt marsh, S. by Seabrook, W. were John Moulton, Christo- by Kensington, and N. W. by pher Hussey, William Sar- Exeter, and contains 7,400 a- geant, &c. cres. In July, 161/, the Indians Theophilus Cotton, the first having commenced their work minister settled here, was or- of depredation and death, the dained in 1712, and died 1726. government ordered 200 friend- His successors have been Rev. ly Indians and 40 English sol- Joseph Whipple, Jonah Bailey, diers under the command of Paine Wingate, Samuel Lang- Capt. Benjamin Swett of don, D. D., and the pres- Hampton and Lieut. Richard- ent minister, Rev. J. Abbot. son to march to the falls of There are here 2 meeting- 1 for Taconee on Kennebeck river ; houses, congregational- in the course of the march, ists and another for baptists, S Swett discovered in the place grist-mills, 2 saw-mills, 1 cloth- now called Scarborough, three ing-mill, and 1 carding-ma- parties of Indians stationed on chine. From July 26, 1730 a plain. He separated his men to September 26, 1736, there in the same manner and pre- were 210 persons destroyed pared to attack them. The en- here by the throat distemper, emy continued to retreat, till 160 of whom were under the they had drawn our men about age of 10, 40 between the ages two miles from the fort, and of 10 and 20, 9 above 20, and then turning suddenly upon our several more than 30 years old. youthful and unexperienced soldiers, they threw them into Hancock, a township in confusion. Swett, with a few Hillsborough county, incorpo- of hismost resolute companions rated in 1779, and now contain- fought bravely on his retreat, ing 1184 inhabitants; bounded till he came near the fort where N. by Antrim, E. by Green- he was killed and 60 more field, S. by Peterborough, and left dead or wounded. On the W. by the line of Cheshire 17th of August, 1703, a party county, which divides it from of 30 Indians under Capt. Nelson, comprising within the Tour, killed 55 persons in limits 19,372 acres. The south Hampton, among whom was a branch of Contoocook river widow Mussey, celebrated as a separates this town from preacher among the quakers,by Greenfield. There is here a she whom was much lamented. pleasant village, containing a- bout 15 dwelling houses,stores, Hampton Falls, formerly &c. a meeting-house, a cot- a of part Hampton, was incor- ton and woollen factory, 5 in porated 1712, and now con- grist-mills, 5 saw-mills,2 cloth- tains 570 inhabitants 1 ; bounded ing-mills, and carding-ma- 142 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. chine. Rev. Reid Page was granted and suitable provision ordained here in 1791, and is was made for the education of the present minister. Indian youth, in such a manner as should appear most expedi- Hanover, a township in ent for civilizing and christian- Grafton county,incorporated in izing them, also for the instruc- 1761, and now containing 2135 tion of English youth in all inhabitants N. the liberal ; bounded by arts and sciences. Lyme, E. by Canaan, S. by The institution, thus establish- Lebanon, and W. by Connecti- ed,gradually grew into an use- cut river. It is about 6 miles ful and flourishing seminary. square and contains 27,745 a- In 1754, Dr. Wheelock, hav- cres of land and water. In the ing collected large donations river in front of the town there from different parts of England, are three small islands, the Scotland, and America, and es- largest of which is 75 rods pecially from Mr.Joshua Moor long and 20 wide. Moose moun- of Mansfield, established a tain extends across the town school for the instruction of In- from N. to S. at a distance of dian * youth in Stockbridge, 5 miles from the river. Graf- Massachusetts, to which he ton turnpike passes through the gave the name of Moor's N.E. part of the town to Or- school. ford. At a short distance As the number of candidates from the colleges there is a for this school increased, it be- handsome bridge, which con- came necessary to erect suita- nects this town with Norwich. ble buildings. That part of There are in Hanover 2 meet- the country, where it was first ing houses, centrally situated established, having become near the colleges, and 4 relig- populous, a removal was de- ious societies, 3 of which are termined on. When this in- of the congregational, and I tention became publicly known, of the baptist denomination. proposals were made by many The edifices of Dartmouth private and public characters in college are situated on a hand- several ofthe neighbouring col- some plain in this town, about onies. The prudent foresight of half a mile from the river in the founder, sanctioned by the latitude 43° 33'. This institu- advice ofthe trustees inEngland tion derived its name from the in whose hands the donations right Hon. William, Eari of were lodged, and at the head of Dartmouth, who was one of its whom was the Earl of Dart- first and most generous bene- mouth, induced him to accept factors. It was founded by proposals, which were made by the pious and benevolent Dr. the governor of New^Hamp- Eleazer Wheelock, who in shire and other gentlemen in 1769, obtained a royal charter, this state. The town of Han- wherein ample privileges were over was accordingly fixed up- GAZETTEER O? NEW-HAMPSHIRE 143 on as the most convenient situ- has beenS2100.The number of ation for the school. His ex- students has generally average edlOO. cellency governor Wentworth A grammar school con- soon annexed a charter for an sisting of about 50 or 60 scholars is university, December 13,1769, annexed to the college. which received the name of The immediate instruction its and Dartmouth college from government of the college is to principal benefactor. entrusted the president, The college received large (who is also professor of his- donations of land including the tory,) a professor of mathemat- whole township of LandafF, be- ics and natural philosophy, a sides many other wild tracts in professor of languages, a different situations, amounting professor of divinity, and two in the whole to 44,000 acres. A tutors. During the forty-three valuable lot of 500 acres in years since the college was Hanover was selected as the founded, it has conferred de- site of the school and college. grees upon 1163 students, of Besides these donations ofland, whom 330 have been clergy- the sum of 340 pounds sterling men. The whole number of was subscribed to be paid in students during that period has labour, provisions, and materi- been 1387, of whom 225 have als for building. died. In September, 1770, Dr. There is attached to this sem- Wheelock removed his family inary a handsome library and a and school into the wilderness. complete philosophical appar- At first their accommodations atus. In 1786, a new college were similar to those of other was erected three stories high, new settlers. They erected and 150 by 50 feet, containing log-houses, which they occupi- 36 rooms for students. There ed till better edifices could be are several other buildings be- 4" prepared. The number of longing to the institution.* scholars at that time was 24, * 6 of whom were Indians. In consideration of the present con- In 1771, the first commence- test, which is now pending on the concerns of this institution^ particular ac- ment was held, and degrees count of its present government is were conferred on four stu- omitted. In 1815, the trustees remov- dents, one of whom was John ed from office the president (Hon. John and Wheelock, the son and succes- Wheelock) appointed Rev. Fran- cis Brown as his successor. In the sor of the founder. course of the same year the legislative The funds of this institution and executive government of New- erected a new boatd of consist chiefly of lands, which Hampshire trustees and a new set of are in value with appointed increasing executive officers, to whom the old the growth of the country. The trustees and the old officers refuse to annual revenue from these surrender the property or the instruction of the until it shall h^ lands is not far from §2000 college, ju dicially decided, whether the legisla and that arising from tuition ture have any power to make the above ^ 144 GAZETTEER QF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Commencement is holden on Haverhill, a township on the first Wednesday of Au- Connecticut river in Grafton gust. There are three vaca- county, incorporated in 1713, tions, the first from commence- and containing in 1810 a pop- ment three and a half weeks, ulation of 1105; bounded N. another from the first Monday E. by Bath, E. by Coventry, of January, eight and a half S.W. by Piermont, and W. by weeks. The medical depart- Connecticut river, containing ment here is respectable and 34,340 acres. Sugar loafmoun- extremely useful. It was es- tain lies on the eastern side of tablished in 1798. For the the town bordering on Coven- lectures on anatomy the pro- try. Oliverian river passes fessor is furnished with valua-* through the southerly extremi- ble preparations, and in the ty of Haverhill and falls into chemical department there is a Connecticut river at the com- well furnished laboratory. The pact village. Fisher's brook lectures on anatomy, surgery, passes above the centre of the chymistry,materia medica, and town and falls into the river at the theory and practice of the GreatOx-bow or little bend. physic commence on the first There have been three bridges Wednesday of October and thrown from this town to New- continue eight weeks. There bury, (Vt.) There is a hand- are about 4000 volumes in the some village in the southwest college library, and about 2000 part of the town, containing in the libraries formed by the 50 or 60 dwelling-houses, an Students. elegant meeting-house, a court- Moor's Indian school is con- house, a county-prison, an nected with the colirge, having academy, 2 smaller meeting- the same trustees and presi- houses, 3 grain-mills, 5 saw- dent. Its annual revenue is mills,l clothing mill, a carding- from g400 to $600. raachine, and an oil-mill. Iron ore is found in this town and interference. The students generally also a quarry of free-stone have followed the old government al- suitable for hearths and chim- though the new-officers have taken ney pieces. The superior court possession of the public rooms, the li- hold its sessions here for the brary, apparatus, &c. The old government consist of president Brown, county of Grafton. and professors Adams and ShurtlefF. The new officers are the Rev. .William in Rock- Allen (acting President,) and profess- HAWKE,a township ors Dean and Carter. We express no ingham county, incorporated on the merits of the opinion unhappy in 1769, and now containing controversy which has produced this 412 inhabitants : bounded N. singular situation of the college. It is ardently hoped, that the questions by Poplin, E. by Kingston, S. will soon be and the pending decided 6y Hampstead, and W. by institution resume its former useful- Sandown, over 7000 ness and prosperity. Hon. John Wheei- extending ock died in April, 1817. acres* Exeter river passes GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 145 over the N. W. extremity of the town is a pleasant village, the town, and a part of Chub containing about 25 dwelling- 2 pond lies in that part of the houses, meeting-houses for town which borders qq San- congregationalists, and 1 for down. Hawke was formerly quakers, 1 oil-mill, and 1 dis- Rev. la another of the a part of Kingston. The tillery, part John Page was settled here in town there is 1 meeting-house, 1763, and died in 1783, atthe 4 grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 1 age of 43. There is here an clothing-mill, and 1 carding- ancient meeting-house and sev- machine. Rev. Jacob Rice was eral mills. ordained here in 1769, and his successor Rev. Moses Sawyer Hebron, a township in Graf- is still in office. ton county, containing a population of 563. Its shape is ir- Hillsborough, a township in of regular and is bounded N. by the county that name, in- in and a part of Rumney, E. and N. corporated 1772, now S. E. 1592 inhabitants E. by Plymouth, by containing ; Bridgewater and a part of Al- bounded N". by Bradford, E. exandria, S.W. by Orange, and by Henniker, S. by Deering N. W. by Groton. It contains and Antrim, and W. by Wind- 13,350 acres, 1500 of which sor and a part of Washington, are water. Hebron has 1 meet- comprising an area of 27,320 500 of which are ing-house, several school-hous- acres, water. are in es, mills, and a distillery. There several ponds this town, the largest of which, Henniker, a township in Lion pond, is about 300 rods 200 Hillsborough county, situated long and wide. Contoo- on the banks of Contoocook cook river waters this town, river, containing in 1810, a and the 4th N. H. turnpike population of 1608, and bound- passes through it. There is ed N.W. by Warner and the here a small village, containing S. E. extremitv of Bradford, 10 or 12 dwelling-houses,4grist- N. E. by Hopkinton, S. E. by mills, 6 saw-mills, 1 facto- Weare and the N. part of ry, 1 carding-machine, and 1 Deering, and S.W. by Hillsbo- distillery. The Rev. J. Barnes rough, comprising an area of was ordained here in 1773, 26,500 acres, 135 of which are Rev. Stephen Chapin and Seth water. Chapin the present minister There are only two consid- have been his successors. erable ponds in this town, Long pond, 270 rods long and Hilton's Point on Piscat- 80 wide, and Roundpond. Con- aqua river forms the S. E. ex- toocook river passes through tremity of the town of Do- the town from W. to E. On ver where, the main river is the banks near the centre of formed by the junction *Ne- 146 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. wichawannock and Cochecho der the command of captain rivers with the southern and Willard discovered a party of western branches. From this the enemy in ambush near the point to the sea the distance is mill, whom they put to flight 7 miles, and the course S.to S. with the loss of their packs. E. The current is here so On the 8th of December,! 747, rapid that it never freezes. Hinsdale fort was bravely defended by four families, a fort Hinsdale lies in the S. W. was burnt and several persons extremity of Cheshire county, were killed and others taken and is bounded 3. by Connect- prisoners. icut river which separates it In July, 1775, Mr. How and from Vernon (Vt.,) N. and Mr. Grout of this town were E. by Chesterfield. Its attacked from an ambush, and southern line extends to Mas- How was killed. The Indians sachusetts and adjoins North- proceeded to the fort, where field- Its area is 14,000 acres. the families of these men resid- Hinsdale was incorporated ed. The people within, hear- in 17S3, and in 1810, it con- ing their approach and being tained 740 inhabitants. Ashu- anxious to learn the cause of elot river forms its junction the firing they had just heard, here with the Connecticut. The impatiently opened their 6th N. H. turnpike passes doors upon the savages, whom through this plare to Brattlebo- in the dusk of the evening they rcugh (Vt.) West river moun- mistook for their friends. The tain rises from the bank of the families consisting of 14 per- river,near the borders of Ches- sons were made prisoners, a- terfield. This town was for- mong whom was the wife of merly called Fort Dummer, How. (See Belknap, Vol. III.) and its situation is pleasant. There is here a baptist and a Hollis, a township in Hills- congregational meeting-house, borough county, incorporated several mills, and a few in 1746, and containing in 1810, a of stores. population 1529 ; bounded Fort Dummer was built in N. by Amherst and Millford, 1740, at the expense of Massa- E. by Dunstable, S. by the line chusetts, and there was also an- of the state, W. by Brookline, other fort here, called Hinsdale comprising 19,620 acres. and Bridgeman fort. There are here several ponds, On the 26th of June, 1746, a vi'L.Flinfs, Penechunck, Long^ party of Indian's attacked and Rocky ponds, averaging Bridgeman fort,kilied one per- from 3 to 600 acres each. Nis- son and captured several oth- sitisset river crosses its S. W. ers. The inhabitants dared extremity, and Nashua river not go to mill without a its S. E. on which are two falls guard, and several of them un- of eleven feet each. There is GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 147 here a small village contain- On the 27th of April, 1746, ing a congregational meeting- a party of Indians entered one house. Rev. Daniel Emer- of the garrisoned houses in this son was settled here in 1743, town, the door having been ac- and died in 1810, aged 86. cidentally left open. Eight of Rev. Eli Smith, his successor, the people were carried off, is the present pastor. There and several of them died in are in this town many valuable captivity. mill seats and several miils. Indian Stream rises in the Hopkinton, a township in high lands which divide this Hillsborough county, incorpo- state from Lower Canada, and rated in 1 765, and now contain- is undoubtedly the most north- ing 2216 inhabitants; bounded ern branch of Connecticut riv- N. by BosGawen and Wr.rner, er. From its source to Stew- E. by Concord, S. by Bow, artstown, a distance of 30 Dunbarton,and Weare, and W. miles, its course is direct* by Henniker, comprising 26, 967 acres. Contoocook river Isinglass River has its has a serpentine course through source in Bow pond on the this town and receives county line between North- Black water and Warner riv- wood and Barrington, receives ers. TThere is in this town a the waters of several ponds in handsome village containing a- Barrington and falls into Co- bout 50 dwelling-houses, a con- checho river at the south part gregational meeting-house,sev- of Rochester. eral stores, mechanic shops,&c. There is also in other parts Israel's River receives a of the town a baptist and sev- southerly branch which flows eral other meeting-houses. The from the northern side of the soil in Hopkinton is generally White hills and the township of an excellent quality. Rev. of Durand, and a northerly Stephen Scales was ordained branch from Kilkenny and here in 1757, and removed in Northumberland. These bran- 1770, his successors have been ches unite at Lancaster in a Rev. Elijah Fletcher, Jacob main stream v/hich falls into Cram, and Ethan Smith the Connecticut river, on the wes- present pastor. Elder Abner terly side of Lancaster village. Jones was ordained over the This is a beautiful stream, and baptist church in 1814. Hop- bordered with highly cultivat- kinton is upon the whole a ed lands. handsome and flourishing town. One term of the superior court and one of the common pleas is held here annu- jAFFREY,a township in Ches- ally. hire county, incorporated i* lis GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE

1773, arid containing in 1810, ton spindles. There are several a of mills in its population 1336 ; bounded vicinity. N. by Dublin, E. by Cheshire Another company has been county line, which separates* it incorporated in this town for from Sharon and Peterbor- manufacturing the various ough^, by Rindge and Fitz- kinds of crockery and earthen william, and W. by a part of ware. Belonging to this com- Fitzwilliam and Marlborough, pany is an extensive mine of comprizing an area of 25,600 white clay in the town of Monk- acres, of which 987 are water. ton (Vt.) whence it is trans- The north boundary of the ported to Jqffrey. This clay town crosses the Grand Mo- has been analyzed and com- nadnock mountain, which is pared by skilful chemists with more than 2000 feet in height. that from which the European Xong- pond in the north part of white ware is made and no the town is 400 rods long 3nd difference in quality has been 140 wide. GilmOre pond is 300 discovered. The practicabili- long and 180 wide. The 3d ty of the above plan has been N. H. turnpike passes through fully ascertained by the pro- this town, and near it is a min- gress already made in the man- eral about one mile ufacture. Rev. Laban Ains- \ spring S.E. of the Grand Monadnock. worth /was ordained here in A company has been incorporat- 1782, and is still in office. ed for the management of its There are here a baptist and a waters. Red ochre has been congregational society, for each found near the spring, and in of which there is a meeting- its vicinity have been discover- house. ed black lead, copperas, alum, sulphur, and an ore yielding Jefferson, a township in from the action of a common Coos county formerly called forge, a copper coloured metal. Dartmouth, lying on the banks On the N.W.side of the moun- of Israel's river, which passes tain a cave has been discover- from its southern to its wes- ed, difficult of access, although tern extremity. It was incor- it has an area 80 feet square. porated in 1 765, and now con- Here is found also that rare tains about 200 inhabitants. and valuable tree, the moun- It is bounded N. by Barker's tain ash. A company was in- location and a part of Lan- corporated in this town in TSI3, caster, E. by Kilkenny, S. for the manufactory of cotton by ungranted lands and and woollen goods, their fac- Bretton Woods, and W? by tory is situated on the turn- Bretton Woods and White- It is the pike. uppermost fac- field, comprising 26,076 a- tory on Contoocook river,and is cres, 300 of which are wa- intended to employ 1000 eot= ter GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 149

Pondcherrypond in this town while ascending was astonish- is 200 rods in diameter, ed at the singular appear- and forms the source of one ance of the stones, which form of the branches of John's river. the body of the mountain as Pondcherry bay is about 200 well as of those which lie on its rods long and 100 wide. In surface. They all appear to the N. E. part of the town lies have been once in a fluid state, Plinny mountain and in the S. or to have composed the bot- W. part is Pondcherry moun- tom of some sea. The large tain. The Jefferson turnpike masses, as well as the de- passes through this place to tached pieces, were full of Lancaster. There are here 2 small pebbles of all sizes,forms, grain-mills and 1 saw-mill. and colours, confusedly thrown together and cemented. The John's River has the small stones retain their per- source of its most southerly fect shape in the solid mass of branches in Bretton Woods, which they form a part. The Whitefield, and Dalton, of its whole appearance in short, in- middle branch in Pondcherry dicated, that these pebbles pond, and of its northern, in were once in a separate state Martin's in Lancas- and were consolidated meadow bvm some ter. These branches unite in unknown cause. the upper part of Dalton in a main stream, which falls into Kearsarge Mountain, in the Connecticut river at the Hillsborough county, lies part- upper bar of the 15 miles falls. ly in Kearsarge Gore and part- The mouth is here 30 yards ly in Sutton. Its easterly exr wide. tremity extends to New-Salis- bury and Andover. This is . Jv. one of the second range in the state.

Kearsarge Mountain, in Kearsarge Gore, in Hills- Coos county, lies on the divid- borough county, lies on the ing line between Eartlett and southerly side of Kearsarge Chatham. This is the third mountain. It contains 152 in- range of mountains in the state. habitants, and is bounded N. Its height has not been ascer- by Wilmot, E. by Salisbury, S. tained. by Warner, and W. by Sutton, A gentleman, who resides comprizing an area of 428 in the neighbourhood of this acres. range observes, that in Octo- In the year 1807, that part ber, 1812, he went in company of Kearsarge Gore together with two of his neighbours to with a part of New-London view the mountain, which lies was incorporated into a town on the north of Conwav, and by the name of Wilmot. 150 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

the Keene, one of princi- were to rush in and surpri ze pal townships in the county the fort. Ephraim Dounan of Cheshire, was incorporat- who happened to go out very ed in 1752, and in 1810, con- early discovered the ambush tained 1646 inhabitants; bound- and gave the alarm. He brave- ed N. by Gilsum, Surry, and ly defended himself against 2 Westmoreland, E. by Surry Indians, from one of whom and Roxbury, S. by Swansey, he took a gun and a blanket, and W. by Chesterfield and which he carried to the fort. Westmoreland, and contains The Indians succeeded in burn- 23,843 acres. ing several houses and barns, Ashuelot river passes thro' and from the bones found a- this town and receives here mong the ashes, it was ascer- the eastern branch of Beaver tained that several of the ene- brook. The 3d N. H. turn- my were destroyed in the pike has its course through flames. John Bullard and Na- here, and meets the branch and than Blake were taken captive Chester turnpikes and several and carried to Canada where other principal roads. Keene Blake remained 2 years. He contains a very handsome vil- died in Keene 1811, at the age ' lage of about 60 dwelling hous- of 99. He was one of the es, a meeting-house, bank, first settlers of this place, to court-house, gaol, and several which he removed in 1736, stores, &c. About a mile from from Wrentham, (Mass.) He the village, a canal is cut from married a second wife at the Ashuelot river, on which is a age of 94. Two of his broth- woollen factory,an oil-mill, and ers lived to the age of 90, and several other mills. a sister to 100. The Rev. Jacob Bacon was settled here in 1738, and has Kensington, a township in been succeeded by the Rev. Rockingham county, incorpo- Messrs. Carpenter, Sumner, rated in 1737, and now con- and Hall, the latter ofwhon taining 781 inhabitants; bound- died in 1814. ed N. by Exeter, E. by Hamp- This town was formerly ton Falls, S. by Southampton, called Upper Ashuelot. In and W. by East-Kingston. 1746, the Indians commenced Kensington was formerly a their depredations here, and in part of Hampton. Rev. Joseph the course of the next year Fogg was settled in this town they formed a plan to surprize at the time of its incorporation the fort in this place. In the and died in 1800. There are evening they concealed them- here two religious societies selves in a swamp, where they and two meeting-houses. intended to lie till the people should go out to their work Kilkenny, a township in the next morning, when they Coos county, of an irregular GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 151 form and mountainous surface, back mountain. Takinga south- incorporated in 1774, and now erly course,it passes into Deer- inhabitants field and receives the waters containing only 28 ; bounded N. E. by Durand, of Martin's pond, and in Can- Mainsborough, Paulsburg,and dia a stream called Second riv- Dummer, N. and S. by un- er falls into it. Thence it pass- granted lands, and W. by Bar- es into Raymond, where it re- ker's location, Jefferson, Lan- ceives a western branch. caster, and Piercy, and con- Thence taking a southerly di- tains 15,906 acres. A branch rection, it unites with the wa- of Nashes stream crosses the ters of Jones' pond in Deer- northerly extremity of this field, and thence as it flows on town and Israel's river its through Epping, it receives southern. Petuckaway river, and after a bend to the N. E. it receives Kingston, a township in North river. After a course Rockingham county, incorpo- thence through Lee to Dur- rated 1694, and now contain- ham, it unites with Piscasick ing a population of 746; bound- river from Newmarket. It ed N. by Brentwood, E. by meets the tide water about two East-Kingston, S. by Newton miles above the Great bay. and Plaistow, and W. by Hampstead and Hawke, con- Lancaster, a township in taining 12,188 acres, of which Coos county, on the eastern 800 are water. Great pond, bank of Connecticut river, in- containing about 500 acres, and corporated in 1763, and con- about 300 acres of County taining in 1810, a population of pond are in this town. In these 717 inhabitants. It is bound- ponds Powow river has its ed N. E. by Northumberland source. and Kilkenny, S. E. by Bar- Rev. Ward Clark was set- ker's location and a part of tled here in 1725, and died in Whitefield, S. W. by Dalton, 1737. Rev. Messrs. Secomb, and W. by Connecticut liver, Tappan, and Thayer have been containing 23,480 acres. It his successors. A post road lies about 50 miles above Han- leading from Boston to Ports- over. In this town is Martin's mouth passes through this meadow pond, about 260 rods town. There is here an ex- long and 150 wide, and also tensive plain on which stands Martin's meadoxv hill on the a commodious meeting-house. north side of the pond. The village h about one mile dis- L. tant from the river, and contains a meeting-house, court- Lamprey River has its house, gaol, &c. Through this source in the town of North- village passes Israel's river wood, on the W.side of Saddle which falls into the Connect!- 152 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

cut at the Great Ox-bow. In- taining 632 inhabitants. It is dian brook waters the other bounded N. by Charleston, extremity of the town. Lan- E. by Acworth and Alstead, caster is united by a bridge S. by Acworth and Walpole, with Guildhall (Vt.) There and W. by Charleston, com- are here several grain-mills prising 9,891 acres. The Ches- and saw-mills, an oil-mill, a hire turnpike leading ; from clothing-mill, and a carding- Walpole to Charleston passes machine, a nail-factory, and 2 through this town. Cold river distilleries. The Rev. J.Wil- flows through Langdon and lard is the minister here. here receives its northern branch, which passes thro' U- LAndatf, in Grafton coun- nity, Acworth, and Charleston. ty was incorporated in 1794, and now contains 650 inhabit- Lebanon, a township lying ants. It is bounded N. E. by in the S. W. part of Cheshire Concord (Vt.) and a part of county, incorporated in 1761, Franconia, E. by Lincoln and and now containing 1808 in- a of S. habitants bounded part Peeling, W. by ; N.by Han- Coventry, and W. by Bath, over, S. E. by Enfield, S. by comprising 29,200 acres. the line of Cheshire county, Through this town passes which separates it from Plain- the Wild Amonoosuck river, field, and W. by Connecticut on the north bank of which it river which separates it from is contemplated to extend the Hartford (Vt.) its area is Bath turnpike. Over the 22,998 acres. The Croydon west extremity of Landaff the turnpike and the 4th N. H. Great Amcnoosuck passes. turnpike pass through this Landaffmountain, Cobble moun- town to Lyman's bridge. At tain, and Bald head mountain this place White river empties are in this town. ' Landaff was itself into the Connecticut. granted to Dartmouth college Here also the White river in 1 769. There is here a meth* turnpike meets the two roads odist meeting-house, 2 corn- above mentioned. mills, and 2 saw-mills, 2 distil- Mascomy river flows through leries, and 4 shops. The first Lebanon from a pond of the ordained minister of the town same name on the borders of was Elder Royse. The centre Enfield. There are here 2 re- of Landaff' is about 9 miles ligious societies and 1 meeting- E. from Connecticut river. house for the congregationalists, over whom Rev. J.Porter Langdon, a township in was ordained in 1772. Leba- Cheshire county, 5 miles east non contains 8 grist-mills, 9 jfrom Connecticut river, incor- saw-mills, 3 clothing-mills, 1 porated in 1787, and now con- distillery, and 4 shops. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 153

Lee, a township in the south Washington, S. by Marlow, of and part of the county Strafford, W. by Acworth, compris- 1 now an area of acres. incorporated in 766, and ing 21,410 containing a population ofl329 Near the border of Washing- is inhabitants $ bounded N. by ton a pond about 320 rods Madbury, E. by Durham, S. long and 80 wide, and another by Newmarket and Epping, lying partly in Marlow 420 and W. by Nottingham and long and 70 wide, besides sev- Barrington, comprising an a- eral others of a smaller size. rea of 11,467 acres, 165 of Lempster is also watered by which are water. Sugar river and two branches In the north part of the of Cold river. The easterly town lies Wheelwright pond, part of the town is mountain- containing about 165 acres, ous, over which part passes and forming the principal the 2d N« H. turnpike from source of Oyster river. From Amherst to Claremont. In the N. W. extremity of New- this town also the Charleston market, Lamprey river enters turnpike branches off. There Lee, and after a serpentine are here 7 school-houses, and course of about seven miles it 1 congregational meeting- passes into Durham. Anoth- house. Rev. E. Fisher was er part of the town is watered the first and only minister ev- by Little river and North river settled in this town. He er. Through the north part was ordained in 1787, and is of Lee the N. H. turnpike still in office. passes from Portsmouth to In 1812, eighteen persons Concord. died in this town, and twelve There is here a Friend's of them of the spotted fever. meeting-house and another for In 1813, five others died of several and that disease. This fever first the baptists ; grist saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, a appeared in Lempster on the carding-machine, and several 20th of March, 1812, and con- shops. Lee was formerly a tinued spreading its malignant part of Durham and Dover. contagion till the 3d of April. The first settled minister here In 1813, it again appeared a- was Elder S. Hutchins, who bout the middle of April, and has been succeeded by Elder in June it assumed the form Elias Smith, and the present of the mild typhus. In 1803, Elder Osborn. twentv-four children died here pastor J. 1 in two months of the scarlati- Lempster, a township in na anginosa. j.s. Cheshire county, incorporated T.A. in 1761, and containing inl810, a population of 845 inhabi- Lincoln, a mountainous tants. It is bounded N. by township in Grafton county, Unity, E. by Goshen and incorporated in 1764, and now 20 154 GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIllE.

inhabitants here in containing 100 ; 1765, and removed in bounded N. by Franconia, E. 1781. His successors have by ungranted lands, S. by been Rev. Messrs. Rand and Peeling, and W. by Landaff, Kennedy, and another gentle- comprising an area of 32,456 man lately ordained. acres. In this town is situated the Littleton, a township in Hay-Stack mountain, which is the northern extremitj^ of Graf- said to be the highest land in ton county, incorporated in the state excepting the White 1784, and now containing 876 mountains. There are also inhabitants. It is bounded several other lofty eminences N. E. by Dalton, S.E. by Beth- in this town. lehem, S. W. by Concord and Through the centre of Lin- Lyman, and W. by Connecti- coln passes Pemigewasset riv- cut river, which separates it er in a northerly direction. from Waterford and Concord The waters descending from in Vermont. Its area is 24, the mountains here flow partly 217 acres. into the Merrimack and partly Littleton extends on the banks into the Connecticut. In the of the Connecticut about 14» north part of this town there miles. It is connected with are two large gulfs, made by Concord, (Vt.) by a handsome an extraordinary discharge of bridge. The southern part of water from the clouds in the town is watered by the 1 774. Amonoosuck river. There are here several mountains,, viz. Litchfield, a small town- Bluberry^B*lack, and Iron moun- ship in Hillsborough county, tains. There are in this town lying on the east side of Mer- several mills, a meeting-house, rimack river opposite to the and about a dozen dwelling- town of Merrimack. It was houses. incorporated in 1 749, and contained in 1810,382 inhabitants. Little Harbour. (See It is bounded E. bv London- Newcastle.) derry and Nottingham West, S. by Nottingham West, and Londonderry, a large and W. by the Merrimack. In respectable town in Rocking- this town are CromwelPs falls ham county, was incorporated and ferry, Thorntons and in 1722, and contained inl810, Reed^s ferries, and Moor^s falls. a population of 2766 inhabi- At Thorntons ferry the Mer- tants. It is bounded N. by rimack is 50 rods wide, and in Chester and Manchester, E. other points about 28. There by H?mpstead, Sandown, and are in this town several mills A i Vinson, S. by Salem, Wind- and one meeting-house. Rev. ham, and Nottingham West, Samuel Cotton was ordained and W. by Litchfield, com- v v;'/

OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 155 GAZETTEER \ 1/

of acres. an ardent prising an area 44,100 thirst for civil and Derry pond in this town is religious liberty. the principal source of Beaver A young man of the name river. Several other small of Holmes, son of a clergy-" ponds in the west part of the man, had travelled to Ameri- town empty themselves into ca, and carried home such a this river. A turnpike passes favourable report of the coun- here leading to Chester. There try, as induced his father with are in Londonderry 2 presbyte- three other presbyterian min- rian meeting-houses, an acade- isters, viz. James M'Gregore, my, 5 grist-mills, S saw-mills, William Cornwell, and Will- 2 clothing-mills, 2 carding-ma- iam Boyd, and a large part of chines, and 6 trading stores. their congregations to emigrate The first minister here was the into this country. Having con- Rev. James M'Gregore, who verted their property into mo- was ordained in 1719, when ney, they embarked in five the town was called Nutfield. ships on the 14th of October, He died in 1729. Rev. M. 1718, of whom about one hun- Clark was his successor, who dred families arrived in Bos- died soon after his settlement. ton. Sixteen of these families Rev. Alexander Thompson soon determined to settle en a was ordained in 1734, and died tract of land of which they in 1791, at the age of 81. His heard good reports, which was successors have been the Rev. then called Nutfield, and now Messrs. Brown and Parker, Londonderry, Early in the the latter of whom is the pre- spring the men left their fami- sent pastor. Over the second lies in Haverhill, (Mass,) and parish the Rev. D. M'Gregore erected some huts near a brook, was ordained in 1737, and died which falls into Beaver river. in 1777. He was succeeded On the evening after their ar- by Rev. William Morrison in rival (April 11th, 1718,) at this 1783, who still continues in spot, a sermon was preached office. by Mr. M'Gregore under a Londonderry was settled in large oak tree, which to this 1718, by a company from Ire- day is regarded by the poster- land, of whom the following ity with real veneration. On is a brief history. A compa- the first administration of the ny of Scotch presbyterians had sacrament here, there were two been settled in the province of ministers and sixty-five com- Ulster, in the reign of James municants. The majority of I. They had borne a large these first settlers had resided part of the sufferings which in or near Londonderry in Ire- were the common lot of pro- land, where they had endured testantsat that unhappy period, the sufferings of a memorable and were thereby inspired with siege. John Barr, William 156 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE

Caldwell, and Abraham Blair, bove Haverhill, incorporated with several others, who had in 1761, and containing 948 in that and em- inhabitants suffered siege ; bounded N. E. by barked for America, were, by Littleton, S. E. by Concord, a order of S. W. Bath. special king William, by y and N. W. by exempted from taxes in every Connecticut river, which di- part of the British dominions. vides it from Barnet in Ver- The first settlers in this mont. town lived to the average of The soil and productions of 80, many to 90, and others to Lyman are similar to those of 100. other towns in the northern The spotted fever prevailed part of the state. The pine here in 1814, and carried off and hemlock indicate the most 52 persons. valuable qualities in the soil. Over Indoes falls in this town LouDON,a township in Rock- a bridge has been erected. Two ingham county, incorporated miles above this spot is Ste- in 1673, and now containing phen's ferry. Burnhanfs riv- a population of 148 inhabitants. er has its source in this town, It is bounded N. E. by Gil- and falls into the Amonoosuck manton, S. E. by Pittsficld and at Concord. Lyman mountain, Chichester, S. W. by Concord, which is in fact a continuation and N. W. by Canterbury, of Gardner's mountain, ex- comprising 28,257 acres. tends from Landaff through Su*eook river, flowing from this town in a north and south Gilmanton, passes through the direction. On its summit is a western part of this town. pond 100 rods long and 80 Into this river are emptied the wide, which forms the princi- waters of Crooked pond, Rol- pal source of Burnham's river. lins* pond, and several others Copper and emery mixed with which lie in this town. iron ore have been found in In Loudon there are 2 meet- this town. In the year 1812, ing-houses, 5 grist-mills, 2 the spotted fever prevailed in carding-machines,3 distilleries, Lyman : it attacked 70 persons, and 4 trading shops. Rev. J. of whom only one died. It Tucker was ordained here in is a remarkable fact, that of the 1 789. This town was formerly three first families who settled a part of Canterbury. in this town there were twenty sons, of whom seventeen are Loveweli's Pond is at the now living here. One of the head of the westerly branch of twenty died by casualty and Salmon falls river, in the town the other two live elsewhere. of Wakefield, There are in Lyman 3 grist- mills, 3 saw-mills, 2 clothing- Lyman, a township in Graf- mills, 1 carding-machine,2 dis- ton county, about 13 miles a- tilleries, and an oil-mill. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 157

Lyme, a township in Graf- 2 saw-mills, a clothing-mill, ton county, incorporated in and a nail factory. Rev. S. 1761, and now containing 1670 Goodridge was ordained here in in inhabitants ; bounded N. by 1768, died 1809, and Orford, E. by Dorchester, S. was succeeded in 1810, by the by Hanover, and W. by Con- present pastor Rev. N. Mer- necticut river, comprizing an rill. area of 28,500 acres. There are several ponds in Lyme, M. which form the sources of

Port's, Grant's, and Fairfield Mad River has its sourcq^ n brooks. Grafton turnpike pass- in a pond on a mountain in es through this town to Orford the ungranted part of Graf- bridge. There is here a small ton county, about 10 miles village containing a presbyte- N. from Sandwich. Taking a rian meeting-house, 10 dwell- southerly course, it crosses the ing-houses, 3 stores, &c. There S. E. extremity of .^ho^ffon are also in other parts ofthe town and falls into Pemigewasset a baptist meeting-house, sever- river at Campton. J$o this al grist and saw-mills, and a junction from its source its carding- machine. Rev.W.Con- course is southwest about 14 nant was settled here in 1773, miles. and was succeeded bv the present minister, Rev. N.Lambert. IMadbury, a township in Strafford county, incorporated Lyndeborough, a township in 1755, and now containing of an irregular shape, in Hills- a population of 582 inhabitants; borough county ; bounded N. bounded N. E. by Dover, S. Vr by Francestown, E. by New- W. by Durham and Lee, and Boston and S. Mount-Vernon, N. W. by Barrington, cOra,- by Milford and Wilton, and prizing an area of 8,125 acres. *% W. by Greenfield and Temple. Bellamy *hank river has its It contains 20,767 acres, and source in Chelsey's pond in 1074 inhabitants, was in- Barrington, passes through corporated in 1764. Among Madbury in a serpentine course the mountains in the N. and is the considerable j^rt 4mly ; of the town Sowhegan river stream w^ch#va%rs the place. has its source. Through oth- The soil here is of a good qual- er of parts the town flow Pis- ity and under excellent culti- cataquog and Rocky rivers. vation. The inhabitants are Warner's brook takes its rise generally baptists and have a near a mountain 1450 feet in meeting-house, in^jrhicft El- height. On the S. side of this der W. Hooper officiates. mountain stands the meeting- of house the town. There are Manchester, a township in also the town 2 grain-mills, in Hillsborough county, smmt- €' 158 GAZETTEER OF NEW -HAMPSHIRE.

ed on the eastern bank of Mer- quarters near Memphremagog rimack river. It was incorpo- lake. They then adopted him as rated in 1752, by the name of a son and clothed him in line Derryfield, and in 1810, re- robes. This early captivity, ceived its present name. It is from which he soon escaped, bounded N. and Eo by Chester, qualified him for the duties of a S. by Londonderry, and W. partisan officer in the succeeding by Merrimack river, which war, from which station he was separates it from Bedford and afterwards exalted to the rank ^Goffstown, comprizing an area of major general of the conti- of 15,071 acres,550 ofwhich are nental army. water. Massabesick pond lies partly in this town. Amuskeag Margallaway River has falls and J\PGregorys bridge its source among the high are on the Merrimack between lands, which separate Maine this town and GofFstown. from Lower Canada, in the N. Blodgefs canal is cut round the E. extremity of New-Hamp- falls on the Manchester side. shire, about 30 miles N. from Through the lower part of the Errol. After a southerly course town Cohass brook flows from of nearly 20 miles on the wes- Massabesick j&0?z

form the source of some of the ists. Here are several grist and branches of Ashuclot river. saw-mills, and 1 trading shop. The soil is rocky, suitable for grain and flax and particularly Mascomy Pond lies princ- in the for grass. Rev. Joseph Cum- ipally town of Enfield, mings, the first minister in this adjacent to Lebanon. It is town, was ordained in 1778, 1200 rods long and about 250 and dismissed in 1780. His wide and contains 2,375 acres. successor, Rev. H. Fish, was The surrounding lands fully ordained in 1793, and is still indicate that the surface of the in office. Marlborough con- pond was once 30 or 40 feet tains 1 congregational meeting- higher than its present level. house, a manufactory of sithes There are also appearances of and hoes, and another of earth- a sudden rupture, as there are en ware, several mills, and 1 no marks of any margin between carding-machine. The annual its present and former height. average number of deaths in Nearly a mile from its present this town for 20 years past has oudet there is a declivitv of been about 13. Capt. Andrew rocks 40 feet higher than the Calhoun, an officer killed in the present level of the water. revolutionary war, was of this These rocks exhibit proofs, town. that the water once passed over them, but it has now formed a Marlow, a township situat- channel through the solid earth, ed nearly in the centre of Ches- nearly a mile in length. hire county, was incorporated in 1761, and now contains 566 Mascomy River has the

inhabitants ; it is bounded N. source of its northern branch by Acworth and Lempster, E. in Smart's«pond between Lyme by Washington and Stoddard, and Dorchester. This branch S. by a part of Gilsum, and W. has a southerly course to Ca- by Alstead, comprising an a- naan, where it receives the wa- rea of 15^737 acres. Several ters of Smart's and Goose branches of Ashuelot river ponds. In Enfield it receives rise in the small ponds of this the waters of East and IVJaid's town, and its western part is ponds and several others, and watered by a branch of Cold empties itself into the south- river. There is here a meet- east side of Mascomy pond. ing-house in which Elder The outlet of this pond is its Caleb Blood was ordained S. E. extremity in Lebanon in 1777. He has been suc- and there receives the name of ceeded by Elders Becket, Dus- Mascomy river, which after a tin, and Bates, the latter of course of 7 miles, falls into the whom is now in office and be- Connecticut a few miles below longs to the order of method- Lyman's bridge. 160 GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Mason, a township in Hills- so as to carry off the earth borough county, was incorpo- to the depth of 60 feet. e.h. rated in 1768, and in 1810 contained 1077 inhabitants. It is Maynesborough, an unset- bounded N. by Wilton, E. by tled township in Coos coun- Milford and Brookline, S. by ty, containing 34,106 acres, the state line, which separates and bounded N. by Pauls- it from Ashby and Townsend burgh, E. by Success, S. by in Mass., and W. by New-Ips- Selburn and Durand, and W. wich, containing 18,860 acres. by Kilkenny. Ameriscoggin Several small streams rise here river passes through its easter- and water the town, on which ly part where it receives Levi's are many valuable mill seats. river from Success, and the The village here is called Sou- south branch of the Upper Am- hegan village and contains 10 onoosuck from Paulsburgh. or 12 dwelling-houses and 2 This township lies- 12 miles N. stores. The 3d N.H. turnpike of Mount Washington and passes through the S. W. cor- the same distance W. from the ner of the town. The soil here eastern line of the state, and E. is generally deep and loamy, from Lancaster. i suitable to orchards and grain. The surface is rough and stony. Meredith, in Strafford Mason contains a meeting- county, incorporated in 1768, house, a large grain mill, and contained in 1810, a population several other mills,and a cotton of 1940. It is bounded N. W. factory of 500 spindles. Rev. by New-Hampton and Centre- J. Searles the first minister in harbor, N. E. by the Great this place was ordained in 1772, bay which divides it from and was succeeded by Rev. E. Moultonborough, S. E. by Hill in 1 790, who is still in of- Long bay and Winnipiseogee fice. Elder W. Elliot is set- river which separates it from tled over a baptist church in Gilford, and S. W. by San- this town. bornton bay and Sanbornton, A species of ochre is found comprising an area of 35,777 here, which in its natural state acres. Two large bays in this gives a good yellow, and after vicinity extend N. W. about 5 being burned yields a chocolate miles each, and on the line colour. In the northern part of Centreharbor is Meredith of the town is a remarkable pond 2 miles in length and 1 in S. of gulf. A channel was dug to breadth. Two miles turn a small stream through a this is another pond 300 rods hill for the purpose of carrying long and 100 wide. The first of a small mill. Before it was of these empties into Meredith completed, a sudden freshet bay, and the latter into San- raised the water in one night, bornton bay. They might GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 161

be united by a canal of 2 miles. en. These towns are connect- At Meredith bridge is a hand- ed by bridges. The Merri- some village containing about mack receives the Contoocook 15 dwelling-houses, several river on the northern line of stores, mechanic shops, and a Concord. From this junction cotton factory. In the whole the Merrimack passes in a ser- town there are 4 meeting- pentine course through the cen- houses, several mills, a card- tre of Concord, forming a large ing- machine* a nail factory, 2 tract of excellent intervale. distilleries, and 7 trading Two bridges are thrown over stores. the river, connecting the east- The inhabitants are gener- ern and western parts of Con- ally of the baptist persuasion. cord. The Merrimack, after Elder N. Folsom is the only leaving this town passes be- ordained minister in the place. tween Pembroke and Bow. In A canal has been projected Bow there is a canal on the from Winnipiseogee lake to western side of the river round Merrimack river, which would Garvin's falls, and just above pass through Meredith, west these falls Turkey river emp- of the bridge. This plan if ties itself, as does Suncook riv- completed, would afford to er at the lower extremity of lumber and other heavy articles Pembroke. About 400 rods a water carriage to Boston below the mouth of the Sun- and Newburyport from the cook are the Isle of Hookset centre of New-Hampshire. falls and bridge, over which passes the Londonderry turn- Merrimack River is pike leading to Concord. Am- formed by two branches. The uskeag falls are about 8 miles of below these most northern which, (Pem- ; consist of three igewasset river) has its source large pitches within the dis- among the White mountains. tance of half a mile making a The other branch is a short fall of 80 feet. There is a ca- stream which flows from Win- nal round these falls on the nipiseogee lake. These form eastern side of the river and at a junction at the S.W. extrem- this place. M'Gregore's bridge ity pf Sanbornton, on the line connects Manchester and of Hillsborough county, and Goffstown. At the lower part compose the Merrimack, the of GoffstownCohass brook emp- general course of which is S. ties itself. At the town of by E. about 52 miles on a di- Merrimack, about 5 miles far- rect line (but about 80 miles as ther down, Sowhegan river the river runs,) to the southern empties itself, as does the boundary of the state. From Nashua river 7 miles lower on S.mbornton corner it passes be- the western side, flowing from tween Northfield, New-Salis- the town of Dunstable, At bury, Canterbury, and Boscaw- this town it takes an easterly 21 162 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. direction, passing into Tyngs- Wilton, comprising an area of borough, Chelmsford, &c. in 15,402 acres. This town was Massachusetts, and at Newbu- incorporated in 1794, and in ryport it falls into the sea. 1810, its population was 1118. A large portion of its land is Merrimack, a township in intervale, lying on Sowhegan Hillsborough county, incorpo- river and its branches. Rev. rated in 1746, and containing a H. Moore, the present minister of 1047 souls population ; was ordained over the congre- bounded N. by Bedford, E. by gational society here in 1812. Merrimack river, S. by Dun- There is also a baptist society stable, and W. by Amherst and without any settled pastor. - Hollis. Babboosuck and Penny There is here a meeting-house, chunck ponds lie partly in this a cotton factory erected in town, and Sowhegan river here 1813, a screw factory, several unites with the Merrimack. mills, and 2 carding-machines. There are in this town a meeting-house, several mills, Milton, in Strafford coun- and 3 trading stores. Rev. Ja- ty, was formerly a part of cob Burnhap,D.D. was ordained Rochester, and is bounded N. herein 17/2,and isstill in office. W. by Middleton, E. by Sal- mon falls river, which divides forms it Merry-Meeting Bay from Shapley (in Maine,) the southeastern arm of Winni- andS.W, by Farmington. Its piseogee lake, extending about area is 25,000 acres, and its 5 miles therefrom into Alton. number of inhabitants 1005. (Vide Alton.) It extends more than 13 miles on Salmon falls river. Branch Middleton, in Strafford river crosses the S.W. extrem- county, was incorporated in ity of the town. Teneriffe 1778, and contains 439 inhab- mountain lies on its easterly N. Brook- near which is itants ; bounded by side, Milton field, E. by Wakefield, S. by pond. The southerly extremi- Milton, and W. by New-Dur- ty of Milton is 9 miles and 82 ham, comprising 9,840 acres. rods distant from Wakefield. There is here a meeting-house There are here 3 religious soci- in which Elder W. Buzzel eties, 1 meeting-house, 3 grain- officiates. The Great Moose- mills, 3 saw-mills, 1 clothing- mountain extends over the N. mill, and 3 trading stores. part of the town. Millsfield, an uninhabit- Milford, in Hillsborough ed township in Coos county, 7 county, is bounded N. by miles W. of Umbagog lake Mount-Vernon and Lyndebo- and 35 N. from the White S. hills bounded N. rough, E. by Amherst, by ; by Dixville, Hollis, and W. by Mason and E. by Enrol, S. by Dummer, GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 163

and W. by Erving's location. the state, deriving its name It comprises 24,100 acres, and from the great numbers of was incorporated in 1774. moose which were formerly Clear stream waters its north- found here. It is situated in ern extremity and Phillip's the E. part of Coventry near river with several branches of Peeling. Baker's river has its the Ameriscoggin its southern source on the easterly side of parts. There are here several this ridge. Snow has been ponds, the largest of which is found on its summit in every 300 rods long and 140 wide. month except July.

Monadnock Mountain is MouLTONBORouGH,in Straf- in Cheshire county, on the line ford county, lies on the N. ex- between Jaffrey and Dublin, tremity of Winnipiseogee lake. 10 miles N. from Massachu- It was incorporated in 1777, setts, 20 E. from Connecticut and its population in 1810, was river. Its base is feet souls 1395 994 ; bounded N. by and its summit 3254 above the Sandwich and Tamworth, N. level of the sea. The diame- E. by a part of Ossipee, S. E. ter of its base is 5 miles by Tuftonborough, and W. by from N. to S., 3 from E. to Centreharborand Squam pond, W. and its summit consists of containing 32,163 acres. a bald rock. This place derived its name from Gen. Jonathan Moulton Mohawk River has its rise ot Hampton, who was one of among Dixville mountains, and its earliest and largest proprie- after a westerly course through tors, and New-Hampton, which Colebrook, receives some con- was taken from it, was also siderable streams from Stcw- named at his request after the artstown, among which is Bea- place of his residence. ver river. It empties itself in- Moultonbo rough lies near the to the Connecticut near the N. S. W. side of the Great Ossi- W. extremity of Stewartstown. pee mountain, and it is observed, that in N. E. storms the Moose River has its source wind passes over the mountain on the N. side of the White like water over a dam, and mountains near the township of with such force, as frequently Durand, through which it flows to unroof houses. The Rev. into the Ameriscoggin. lis S. Perley was settled here in mouth is in Shelburn. Its 1778, and removed the next source is within 5 miles of that year. His successor thi Rev. of Israel's river, which falls in- J. Shaw is still in office. There to the Connecticut. is here a pleasant village of 10 or 12 dwelling-houses, a meet- Moosehillock, one of the ing-house, 1 store, 4 grain- highest ranges of mountains in mills, 5 saw-mills, 2 clothing- 164 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

mills, and a carding-rnachine. unite in Paulsburgh and there Rtd hill is in the N. W. part of fall into the Ameriscoggln the town, and Red hill river river. passes through its northerly part and falls into Winnipiseo- Nash and Sawyer's Loca- gee lake. The spotted fever tions. This tract is bounded prevailed here in 1813. It N. by Bretton Woods, E. by attacked some hundreds hut the White mountains, S. by carried off only 30 persons. Chadbourne and Hart's loca- Bears were formerly common tions, and W. by ungranted in this town as in many other lands. It contains 21,084 a- new settlements. In the au- cres. The JefFersOn turnpike tumn they frequently came passes through it. down into the populous settlements and sometimes even Nash's Stream has its to the maritime towns. It fre- source, in the N. E. part of the quently devours young swine, town of Stratford, and at Nor- but seldom attacks mankind. thumberland it falls into the Amonoosuck 6 miles from Mount-Vernon, in Hills- Connecticut river- » borough county, was incorporated in 1808, and contains Nashua River has its 762 inhabitants. It is bound- source in the south part of ed N. by New-Boston, E. by Boylston, (Mass.) and after a Amherst, S. by Milford, and northerly course of 40 miles W.by Lyndeborough, and con- it passes intoDunstable,(N.H.) tains 7,975 acres. This town and empties itself into the is watered by Beaver brook, Connecticut at Nashua village which has its source here, as in Dunstable. also have several branches of Soxvhegan river* There is here Nelson, in Cheshire coun- a pleasant village containing a ty, was formerly called Pack- meeting-house, 12 dwelling- ersfield and received its pres- houses, 3 stores, &c. and sever- ent name in 1814, by an act of al mills. The 2d N. H. turn- the legislature. I»t is bounded pike passes through this vil- N. by Stoddard, E. by Han- lage. Rev. J. Bruce was set- cock and Antrim, S. by Dub- tled here in 1785, and was suc- lin, and W. by Roxbury, con- ceeded in 1809, by Rev. S. taining 22,875 acres and 1076 Chapin the present pastor. inhabitants. There are several ponds in this town, such as N. Spoonwood pond, which com- municates with Long pond by Narmargungowack River a strait about rods / forty rises in the township of Suc- long. Long pond runs circuit- cess in several branches, which ouslv into Hancock and then GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 165 returns to Nelson ; its length is was ordained over the baptist 1300 rods. There are also church in 1806, and is still in Fistic Pleasant, and Roaring- office. brook ponds, Centre pond and Berkshire near Dublin, com- New-Castle, commonly acres called is in prising in all about 1,879 Great-Island, Rock- of water. In the S. part of ingham county, 2 miles E. this town a branch of the Ash- from Portsmouth. It was in- uelot river rises, and in its N. corporated in 1693, and con- part a branch of the Contoo- tains 592 inhabitants and 45 cook. The surface of Nelson acres. This is the largest of is mountainous like that of the those islands which lie at the adjacent country. Rev. J. mouth of the Piscataqua. It Foster was ordained here in has a meeting-house, about 100 1781. Rev. G. Newhall is dwelling-houses, and at its N. the present minister. There E. extremity a fort and light- is in this town a meeting-house, house. Rev. Joshua Moody a cotton and woollen factory, 4 was ordained here previous to grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and 1 the revolution of 1689, and clothing-mill. has been succeeded by the R v. Messrs. ShurtlefF, Blunt, New-Boston, in Hillsbo- Chase, .and Noble. Elder rough county, was incorporat- Thomas Bell resides here at ed in 1763, and contained by present and occasionally prea- the last census, a population of ches. 1810 souls. It is bounded N. by Weare, E. by GofFstown New-Chester, in Grafton and Bedford, S. by Amherst county, was incorporated in and Mount- Vernon, and W. 1778, and contained in 1810, by Lyndeborough, comprising a population of 895 inhab- area of acres. itants N. an 26,538 ; bounded W. by Several branches of Piscata- Danbury and Alexandria, N. quog river flow through its S. by Newfound pond, E. by W. extremity into GofFstown, Pemigewasset river, and S. by and thro' its S. E. part the 2d Andover, comprising 23,456 N.H. turnpike has its course. acres. Grafton turnpike and There is here a baptist and a a branch of Blackwater river presbyterian meeting-house, 7 pass over the S. W. part of school-houses, several mills, the town, and over its norther- and a wire-factory incorporat- ly part flows Smith's brook, ed in 1812. Rev. Solomon which falls into the Pemige- Moore was settled in Nexv^ wasset river opposite New- Boston in 1768, died in 1803, Hampton. and was succeeded in 1806 by A ridge, called Ragged the Rev. E. P. Bradford the mountain, separates this town present pastor. Elder J.Stone from Andover. There are 166 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

here 3 religious societies, 1 bove the pond, which washes meeting-house, 3 grain-mills, its base. Cropple-crown moun- and 5 saw-mills. In the year tain is still higher. The soil 1796, twenty-five persons died here is generally too moist for here of the dysentery. grain, but suitable for grazing. Merry- Meeting river flows New-Durham, in Strafford from the pond of that name county, was incorporated in and falls into Winnipiseogee 1762, and now contains 888 lake. Ela's river flows from rain inhabitants ; bounded N. W. Cold pond and passes a- by Wolfeborough E.by Brook- bout 4 miles through New- field and Middleton, and S.W. Durham to Farmington, on by Farmington and Alton, both which streams are many comprising 22,625 acres. In good mill seats. On the lat- 1749, this town, comprehend- ter is a fall of 14 feet, within 4 ing a tract of land 6 miles rods of which, mills are already square, was granted to Ebene- erected. Cochecho river also zer Smith and others, on con- has its source in this town. dition that 40 families should The principal roads passing be permanently settled in it through New-Durham are from within 5 years from the declar- Wolfeborough and Gilmanton ation of peace, and that within to Dover. 2 years after, a meeting-house There are some curiosities should be erected, public wor- in this town, one of which is ship supported, and a grain a remarkable fountain of wa- and saw-mill erected. ter, over which a part of Ela's Maj. Thomas Tash made river passes. By sinking a early exertions in forwarding small mouthed vessel about 6 the settlement of this town, and feet into this fountain, water built the 2 mills at his own ex- may be obtained extremely pense. With the assistance cold and pure. The depth of of Paul March and others, the it has never been ascertained required number of settlers was although attempts have been obtained by a bounty of 50 a- made. Near the centre of the cres of land to each settler. town is a mountain called Rat- The town was incorporated by tlesnake hill, the south side of the name of New-Durham. which is nearly an hundred Within the compass of the feet high, and almost perpen- original grant are 5 ponds, the dicular. In its fissures a vast largest of which is Merry- Meet- number of rattlesnakes have ing-bay pond containing about their dens. Their numbers 1000 acres. The surface of have recently diminished. A- the town is very mountainous bout a mile northeast from and part of the soil so rocky as this mountain is March's pond, to be unfit for cultivation. which abounds with a species Mount Betty rises 630 feet a- of clay, much resembling when GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 167 dried the common chalk in ap- taining their rout, he pursued On them in the woods five pearance and qualities. about the N. E. side of Shaw's moun- miles, and attacked them while tain is a remarkable cave, call- they were feasting upon their ed the Devil's den, the entrance plunder. A warm action en- of which is about three feet sued which lasted an hour, wide and ten high. The outer when the enemy, consisting of feet aboutlOOO French and room is twenty square ; Indians, the inner apartments grow perceiving the weakness of our smaller, until at the distance force, attempted to surround it. this critical of fifty feet into the mountain At moment the passage becomes too small the remainder of the battalion to be investigated. The sides arrived under major Burbank. both of the galleries and the The enemy immediately fled, rooms are composed of stone. and were pursued by Tash They bear the appearance of many miles into the wilder- having been once united, and ness. were probably separated by In 1757, Tash was appoint- some great convulsion of na- ed major and was stationed at ture. No. 4. (now Charleston,) with Several other mountains in 250 men. This was the first this town contain precipices detachment of N. H. troops and cavities, some of which that ever occupied that impor- are forty or fifty feet in depth. tant post. On the return of Col.Thomas Tash,who spent peace he settled in Newmar- the last twenty years of his life ket, and in 1776, he received a in New-Durham, was born in colonel's commission in the Durham in 1722. He was en- N. H. forces, and served one gaged in the French war, first campaign. Toward the close in the capacity of captain and of the war he removed toNexv- afterwards in that of major. Durham, where he owned sev* In 1755, the annual stores, eral farms and a large tract of while on their way to the north- wild land. There he devoted ern army, were destroyed at a himself to agriculture,and died place called Half-way brook, at the a.ge of 87, leaving behind between forts Edward and him a memory still dear and William Henry. Capt. Tash respected. with 140 men was ordered to Rev. Nathaniel Porter, a repair to this spot with assur- congregationalist, was ordain- ances that the remainder of ed in New-Durham in 1775, the battalion should immedi- and dismissed in 1777. He ately follow. On arriving at was succeeded by Elder Ben- the place of his destination he jamin Randall, a zealous and found the stores and waggons indefatigable preacher of the destroyed, the men killed, and free -will baptist order, of which the eaemy gone off. Ascer- sect he was considered the 168 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

head, and he obtained over it tion, lies in the west part of an extensive jurisdiction. He Strafford county, incorporated died in 1808, at the age of 60. in 1777, and now containsl293 T.T. inhabitaius. It is bounded N. by Pemigewasset river which New-Found Pond lies part- separates it from Bridge water ly in Hebron and partly in New and New- Chester, N. by Hol- Chester. Its length from north derness, N. E. by Centrehar" to south is 6 miles, and its bor, and S. E. by Sanborn- It ton width about 2i[ miles. con- and Meredith, comprising tains 4,530 a< res, nearly two an area of 19,422 acres. thirds of which are in New- Pemigewasset pond lies on Chester. the border of Meredith, and is about 200 rods in diameter. New-Found River flows There are several other small- from the pond of that name, er ponds in this town. In the and after a southerly course of westerly part of the town is a 4 or 5 miles, falls into Pemi- remarkable spring, from which gewasset river near Bridgewa- a stream issues and falls into ter village. Pemigewasset river after running about a mile. This stream New-Grantham, in Ches- is sufficient for the use of sev- hire county, was incorporated eral mills, and is not affected by in 1761, and now contains 864 rains or droughts. A toll this inhabitants ; bounded N. by bridge unites town to Enfield, (in Grafton county,) Bridgewater, from which there E. by Springfield, S. by Croy- is a turnpike leading to San- don, and W. by Plainfield, bornton. comprising 24,900 acres, 300 The soil here is rich and of which are water. There is light and very favourable to a pond in the northwest part various kinds of grain and of the town about 1 mile long grass. There are in New-Hamp- and 160 rods wide. Croydon ton 2 meeting-houses, 2 school- mountain extends through the houses, and 2 distilleries. Rev. west part of the town, and a S. Hubbard was ordained over turnpike passes over the north the congregational church here part of the mountain. This in 1 800, and is still in office. town in 1775, had only 74 in- Elder Dana, a baptist, is also habitants, and in 1810 its pop- settled in this town. s.h. ulation was 864; Here are the sources of several of the New-Holderness, in Graf- branches of Sugar river, on ton county, lies on the eastern which are a number of mills. side of Pemigewasset river. It was incorpoiated in 1761, New-Hampton, formerly and contains 883 inhabitants ; called Moultonborough- Addi- bounded N. by New-Hamp- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 169

ton, E. by Sandwich and Cen- rods long and of unequal treharbor, S. by Centre- breadth. There is on it an harbor and New-Hampton, excellent tavern owned by the and W. by Pemigewasset riv- proprietors of the bridge. er, which separates it from Nexvington was formerly a Plymouth, comprising 24,921 part of Portsmouth and Dover. acres, of which 2,500 are wa- Its soil is excellent and pro- ter. A part of Squam lake is duces grain abundantly. The in this town, and also Squam orchards here are very produc- pond, through which Squam tive. Piscataqua bridge was

river runs and falls into the built in 1794 ; it is 2600 feet Pemigewasset in the southwest in length, of which 2244 are part of the town. Squam plank. The chord of the cen- mountain lies in its northeast tral arch, which unites the two part. islands, is 244 feet. It is con- Rev. R. Fowle was ordained sidered a masterly piece of ar- here in 1789, over an episcopa- chitecture, and was construct- lian church. There is here a ed by Timothy Palmer of New- paper-mill, several grain- buryport. mills, one clothing-mill, a Rev. Joseph Adams, a con- carding-machine, and a dis- gregationalist, was the first tillery. minister in this town. He was ordained in 1714, and was suc- Newichawannock River ceeded in 1787, by the Rev. J. is the west and main branch of Langdon, who continued in the Piscataqua. It is called office 23 years. The annual Salmon falls river as far as the average number of deaths in lower falls in Berwick, where Newington is computed to be 7. it assumes the above name, There is here 1 meeting-house which it retains till it unites and 2 school-houses. There with the Cochecho, and flows is a spring in this town, which, on to Hilton's point. besides supplying a grain-mill nearly all the year, is the foun- Newington, in Rockingham tain of the Portsmouth aque- county, contains 503 inhabi- duct. tants, and is bounded W. by In May, 1690, a party of In- Great and Little bays, N. E. dians under one Hoopwood by Piscataqua river, which sep- attacked Foxpoint in this town, arates it from Kittery, E. by destroyed several houses, kill- S. Portsmouth, and by Green- ed- 14 persons, and took 6 pris- land. At Fox point in the oners. They were pursued by northwest part of the town, Capts. Floyd and Greenleaf, Piscataqua bridge is thrown who recovered some of the cap- over Piscataqua river to Goat tives and part of the plunder island, and thence to Durham after a severe action, in which shore. Goat island is about 48 Hoopwood was wounded. 22 ]?0 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Died in this town March N. by Wilmot, S. and E. by 5th, 1765, Mrs. Elizabeth Sutton, and W. by Sunapee Hight, aged 100. She never pond which separates it from used medicine during this long Wendell. Its area is 13,560 life. She was married four acres, 2000 of which are wa- children and 300 In times, had 8 ter. this town lies part of descendants more or less re- Great Sunapee pond, and also mote. Little Sunapee about 500 rods long and 170 wide, forming a New-Ipswich, in Hillsbor- principal source 1 of Blackxvater ough county, was incorporated river, . The soil here is gener- in 1762, and contains 1395 in- ally hard and rocky, but it habitants. It is bounded N. well rewards the labour of ag- by Temple and Sharon, E. by riculture. New-London has Mason, S. by the line of Mas- several hills or mountains,such sachusetts, and W. by Rindge as Bunker's, Dole's, and Mes- Its a- (in Cheshire county.) ser's. The summit of Kear- rea is 20,260 acres. The west sarge mountain is six miles side of the town is watered by from the central village. The a branch of Contoocook river, principal road passing through and its east side by a "branch this town leads from Hopkin- of the Sowhegan river. One ton to Hanover. There are branch of the latter river rises here 2 baptist meeting-houses. in a pond in this town and a- Elder Job Scammons was or- nother has its source on a moun- dained here in 1779, and El- tain. The 3d N. H. turnpike der Enoch Huntingdon in 1814. passes through the centre of The annual average number of this town. There is here a deaths in this town is about 10. handsome village, 2 meet- There are here several mills ing-houses, an academy, 2 cot- and 2 or 3 trading stores. ton and 2 woollen factories, an oil-mill, several grain and saw- Newmarket, in Rocking- mills, 1 clothing-miil, a card-' ham county, was incorporated ing-machine, and 4 trading- in 1726, contains 1061 inhab- stores. Rev. S. Farrar was itants and is bounded N. by ordained here in 1760, and di- Durham and Lee, E. by the ed in 1809, aged 71. He was S. W. branch of Piscataqua succeeded by the Rev. R. Hall river, S. by Exeter, and W. the present minister. Elder by Epping, comprising an area S. Parkhurst was settled here of 11,082 acres. Piscasick in 1814. river passes through this town, and Lamprey river crosses its New-London, in Hillsbor- N. W. extremity and falls in- ough county, was incorporated to the Great bay near its N. E. in 1779, and contained in 18 10, corner where there is a consid- a population of 692; bounded erable village. At a place call- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 171 ed Newfields there is another Connecticut river and the same village, containing about 20 distance from Sutton. Sugar houses and several shops, &c. river flows through Nexvport Rev. John Moody was ordain- and receives here a dumber of ed here in 1730, and died in its branches. The Croydon 1778, aged 73. He has been and Cornish turnpikes unite in succeeded by the Rev. Messrs. this town and pass onto Am* Tombs and Thurston. Elder herst. There is here a hand- J. Broadhead and Elder Os- some village of about 20 hous- born,both methodlsts, occasion- es and several stores. The ally preach here. There are town contains a baptist and a in the town three religious so- congregational meeting-house, cieties, several mills, stores, a cotton factory, several mills, &c. From the year 1731 to and a carding-machine. Rev. 1770, there were in this town John Ramele was the first min- 948 births and 554 deaths, av- ister here, and Rev. A. Wines eraging about 28 of the former is the present pastor. and 14 of the latter annually. This town was formerly a part Newtown, in Rockingham of Exeter and was purchased county, was incorporated in of the Indians in 1638, by 1 749, and contained in 1 8 10, a and others. Sev- of Wheelwright population 454 ; bounded eral instances of Indian cruel- N. by Kingston, E. by South- ty and capture occurred in the ampton, S. by Massachusetts, early history of this place. and W. by Plaistow, compris- Col. Winthrop Hilton, who ing 5,250 acres. County pond was killed by the Indians in lies partly in this town. There Epping (then Exeter,) was bu- are here 2 religious societies ried in Newmarket. The in- and 1 meeting-house. Rev. scription on his monument is J. Ernes was ordained in 1759. still legible and his descend- Rev. D.Tewkesbury is the pres- ants are still living in this vi- ent pastor. cinity. Mrs. Shute is now living in this town, who was cap- Northfield, in Rocking- tured by the Indians in 1755, ham county, was incorporated when 18 months old. She liv- in 1780, and contains 1057 in- ed with them till the of 14. habitants age ; bounded N. by Sanbornton, E. by Giiman- NEWPORT,in Cheshire coun- ton, S. by Canterbury, and W. ty, was incorporated in 1761, by Salisbury and Boscaw- and contains 1427 inhabitants; en, comprising 19,636 acres* bounded E. are N. by Croydon ; There here 2 small ponds, by Wendell, S. by Unity, and viz. Ghesnut pond, flowing in- W. by Claremont, comprising to the Winnipiseogee, and Son- an area of 25,267 acres. It dogardy pond, flowing into the lies about 8 miles E. from Merrimack river. At the N. W. ira GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

part of the town near Web- North River has its source ster's falls Winnipiseogee riv- in North river pond on the-line er falls into the Pemigewas- between Northwood and Not- set. A bridge over the latter tingham. After a southerly with river connects this town course through Nottingham , New-Salisbury, and another o- Epping, and a part of Lee it ver the former unites it to falls into Lamprey river near Sanbornton. There is here a the N. E. corner of Epping meeting-house common to all and the line of Newmarket. sects several &c. This stream affords val- ; mills, stores, many uable mill privileges, on most North or Latitude 45° of which are erected mills of is a tract of land belonging to various kinds. the state of New-Hampshire ; bounded as follows, beginning Northumberland, a town- at the state's land No. 3. and ship in Coos county, lying on running N. 6i° E. by the Dis- Connecticut river at the mouth trict of Maine 3500 rods to the of the Upper Amonoosuck. high lands, thence by the high It was incorporated in 1779, lands, which separate Lower and contained in 1810, a pop-

^Canada from the United States ulation of 281 ; bounded N. to the most N. W. branch of by Stratford, E. by Piercy, S. Connecticut river, thence down W. by Lancaster, and W. by said branch to latitude 45°, Connecticut river. Its area flience by said latitude to lands is 20,430 acres. It is in this No. 3. "containing 163,363 a- town near Cape- Horn moun- cres. On this tract is the tain, that the Upper Amonoo- great lake Connecticut, suck falls into the Connecticut. There are here several ponds Northampton, in Rocking- and mountains. The soil is ham county, was incorporated fertile though broken and une- in 1742, and contains 651 in- ven. A bridge connects this habitants. It is bounded N. town with Maidstone in Ver- by Greenland, E. by Rye and mont nearly opposite Guild- the sea, S. by Hampton, and hall. There is here a meeting- W. by Stratham, and contains house, 2 grain-mills, a saw- 8,465 acres. This was former- mill, and a carding-rhachine. ly a part of Hampton. Rev. Nathaniel Gookin was Northwood, a township of settled here in 1739. He elevated land in Rockingham has been succeeded by the county, formerly a part of Reverend Messrs. Hastings, Nottingham- It was incorpo- M'Clure,Thurston,andFrench. rated in 1773, end contained in The latter gentleman is still in 1810, a' population of 1055, of office. There is here 1 m whom '230 were legal voters. mg-house and 7 grain-mills. tkwoodis bounded N* E. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 173

by the line of Strafford county, Esq. fall into three different which separates it from Bar- rivers, Suncook, Lamprey, and rington, S. E. by Nottingham, Dover, and indeed the waters, S. and S.W. by Deerfield, and which fall from different p xrts N.W. by Epsom andPittsfield, of the roof of a building on this comprising an area of 17,075 farm run into two different riv- acres, 1054 of which are ers, the Piscataqua and Merri- water. mack. There are here 6 ponds, viz. The soil in Northwood is Suncook pond 750 rods long generally of a moist quality. and 100 wide, Gennis* pond 300 It is excellently suited for long and 150 wide, Long grazing, and in mild seasons pond about 300 long and 50 favourable to corn and grain. wide, Harvey*s pond, of an el- The N. H. turnpike passes liptical form, about 200 long through this town from Perts- in mouth to Concord. It and some places 40 wide ; has a part of Great-Bow pond is al- here a direct course from E. so in this town and also part of to W. of 8 miles. Rev. Ed- North river pond. Pleasant mund Pilsbury, the first minis- pond, and Little- Bozv psnd, the ter in this town, was ordained latter of which has two out- in the year 1779, over a bap- lets the it tist ; on N. E. discharg- society and continued here es its waters into Great-Bow till 1809. Rev. J. Prentiss pond, which is the head of Is- was ordained in 1799 over the inglass river, and on its north- congregational society and is erly side a brook flows from it still in office. Rev. Eliphalet into Long pond, the waters of Merrill, the present successor which pass into the Merrimack of Mr. Pilsjpury, was ordain- through Suncook pond and ed in 1804. These two socie- river. ties are nearly equal in number The northerly branch of and each has a meeting-house. Lamprey river has its source There are in Northwood 6 in this town near the N. W. school-houses, 4 grain-mills, extremity of Saddle-back moun- 7 saw-mills, a clothing-mill, tain, which is a ridge of high and 8 trading stores. land separating this town from The situation of this town n Deerfield. On the easterly pleasant, and more elevated side of this ridge are found than any land between it and crystals and crystalline spars of the sea. From its height, ves- various colours and sizes. sels entering the Piscataqua Black lead is also found harbour may be seen with the here. There are no consider- a&sistaaicc of glasses. From able water-falls in this town. this place the light house at The height of its land is such, Portsmouth bears S. 0$° E. that the waters flowing from and the highest mountain in the farm of the late G. Clark, Gilford N. 16*° W. 1?4 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

The first house in this town square. There are in the town was erected in 1762, and is 3 grain-mills and 4 saw-mills. now standing near the baptist meeting-house. Two of the Nottingham West, a first settlers are now living township in Hillsborough coun- here in honourable old age. ty, incorporated in 1746, and The annual average number now containing 1379 inhabit- of deaths is about 9. ants ; bounded N. by Litch- field and Londonderry, E. by Nottingham, in Rocking- Pelham,'S. by Lyndeborough, ham county, was incorporated (Mass.,) and W. by Merri- in 1722, and now contains mack river, which separates it 1063 inhabitants bounded N. from ; Dunstable, comprising E. by Barrington, S.E. by Lee 17,379 acres. In this place is and part of Epping, S. by Ep- Massabesick pond 230 rods ping and Raymond, and W. by long and 70 wide, and adjacent Northwoodand Deerfield,com- to the town is Otternic pond prising 25,800 acres, of which about 25 rods wide. There 300 are water. are here 2 meeting-houses, 3 . There are here several ponds, religious societies, 2 of baptists such as North river pond con- and 1 of congregationalists. taining about 80 acres, Petack- Rev. N. Merrill the first min- azvaij pond of about 170 acres, ister in this town, was ordain- §>iiincy pond about 45 acres, ed in 1737, and was succeeded and others of a smaller size. by Rev. J. Strickland in 1772. In the westerly part of the Elder Daniel Merrill is settled town near Deerfield are Upper, here over a baptist church. Middle, and Lower Petucka- There are in this town 3 grain- ivay mountains, Petttckarvay mills, 3 saw-mills, and 1 trad- river has its source in this ing store. Capt. James Ford town in a pond of the same was a resident in this town. name. Little river and sever- He was with Gen. Stark at al other small streams also Bennington and was there mor- rise in Nottingham. North tally wounded. river passes through this town and through its northerly part the N. H. turnpike has its O. course. Rev. S. Emery was settled Oliverian River. The liere in 1742, and Rev. B.But- most easterly branch of this ler in 1758. Samuel Dyer, a river rises on the west side of free-will baptist, is the- present Moosehillock mountain and its minister. There is a congre- northern branch from Owl- gational meeting-house situ- head mountain, both in the ated in a pleasant and compact town of Coventry. These part of the town called the branches unite in Haverhill, GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 175

(N. H.) forming Oliverian riv- mountain. A stream called itself into brook rises in et-, which empties Jacobus Orford the Connecticut. and empties itself into Con- X / necticut riverabove the bridge, Orange, formerly called which connects this town with Cardigan, is in Grafton county. Fairlee in Vermont. On this It was incorporated in 1790, stream are 10 mill-dams. Sun- mountains lie and contains 229 inhabitants ; day and Cuba bounded N.E. by Groton and near the centre of this town, Hebron, S. E. by Alexandria and Smart's mountain in its and part of Danbury, S.W. by S. E. extremity, forming the Cushing's Gore, and N. W. by boundary of four towns, viz. Dame's Gore and Canaan, Orford, Wentworth, Dorches- comprising 21,976 acres. In ter, and Lyme. this town is the source of the Rev. John Sawyer was set- southerly branch of Baker's tled here in 1787, and was river and of the northerly succeeded by the present min- branch of Smith's river* Car- ister,Rev. SamuelDana. There digan mountain extends through are here 2 religious societies its centre from N. to S. and and 2 meeting-houses, and near Grafton turnpike passes over its the river is a pleasant village S.W. extremity. In the S. W. containing about 25 houses, part of this town is found a through which the turnpike very valuable species of ochre. passes to Orford bridge. There It is found in great abundance, are in this town several grain deposited in veins and of a su- and saw-mills, a clothing-mill, perior quality to that which is and a carding-machine. imported. Two men will dig and prepare for market about Ossipee, a township in Straf- 80 pounds of this in a day. ford county, was incorporated in 1785, and now containsl205 in Grafton inhabitants N. Orford, county, ; bounded by was incorporated in 1761, and Tarnworth, N. E. by Great contained in 1810, a population Ossipee pond, S. E. by Wake- 1265 bounded Pier- and S. of ; N. by field, by Wolfeborough, mont, E. by Wentworth, S. by Tuftonborough, and Moulton- Lyme, and W. by Connecticut borough, comprising 36,795 a- river, comprising an area of cres. This place wa,s former- 27,000 acres. There are sev- ly called New-Garden. Its eral ponds in this town, the form is very irregularis length largest of which is Baker's being nearly 15 miles from N. pond, 260 rods long and 160 W. to S. W. and its width in wide, forming the source of the some places not more than 4< westerly branch of Baker's riv- or 5. er* Indian pond is in the north There are here several part of the town near Stadion ponds, of which Dan Hole ire GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE pond on the borders of Tuf- district of Maine, 'and falls tonborough is the largest, be- into Saco river, about 15 miles ing about 400 rods long and cast of Ossipee pond. 200 wide. The others are on an average 100 rods each in Ossipee Mountain is in diameter. Bear pond has no the west part of the town of discoverable outlet. Pine riv- Ossipee adjacent to Moulton- er flows through the easterly- borough, and about 4 miles part of this town, and Bear west from Ossipee lake. Its Camp river passes its northern altitude has never been ascer- extremity, emptying itself into tained. On its east side the Great Ossipee lake. The soil northwest wind is peculiarly here is generally fertile. Os- severe. sipee contains 2 religious societies, 1 baptist meeting-house, OYSTERRiVERhas itssource 5 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and in Wheelwright pond in the 1 carding-machine. town of Lee, near the southeast extremity of Barrington. Ossipee Gore, a township It flows from the east side of in Strafford county, incorpora- the pond in a northeast course ted in 1785, and now contain- to Madbury. Thence turning inhabitants it ing 425 ; bounded southerly crosses the line N. E. by Eaton, S. E. by Ef- which separates Lee from Dur- fingham, and S. W. by Ossipee, ham five times within the dis- comprising 10,331 acres. tance of two miles. It thence Ossipee lake lies principally takes an easterly course, and in this town, and is about 1000 passing through Durham, rods long from north to south, meets the tide waters at the and about 600 rods wide. It falls. receives Bear Camp river on its west side and Pine river on P. its «outh. The waters of this lake are discharged through Paulsburgh, a township in Ossipee river. - Coos county, containing about inhabitants 20 ; bounded N.by Ossipee River flows from Dummer and Cambridge, E. G**eat Ossipee lake or pond by Success, S. by Mayncsbor- and forms a large bay or rath- ough, and W. by Kilkenny, er th*ee bays, connected with comprising 34,507 acres. The each other, in the whole about Upper Amonoosuck and the 800 rods long and 600 wide. Ameriscoggin rivers pass thro' On the southeast line of Ossi- this town, the former in a north- pee these waters are contract- erly course to the Connecticut, the latter in a ed into Ossipee rivery which and southerly flows in a southeast course course to the Merrimack. In through Effingham into the tlje southwest part of the town GAZETTEER OB' NEW-HAMPSHIRE. m is a large mountain, adjoining Black mountain in its northwest Maynesborough, and in its N. part. Among these mountains E. part near Cambridge there a branch of the Wild Amon-oo- is another. There are 2 mills suck, a branch of Baker's river, in this town. The centre of and Moosehillock brook have Paulsburgh is 15 miles east their sources. Although the from Northumberland on Con- surface here is mountainous necticut river, and about 7 the roads are good, and a turn- miles west from the District of pike is projected from Bath Maine, and about 22 (by the to this town. There are but road) from Lancaster court- 2 mills in this town. house. Pelham, in Rockingham Peabody Riveh rises in county, was incorporated in the eastern pass of the White 1746, and in 1810, it contain- mountains, where also rises ed 998 inhabitants ; bounded Ellis river, a branch of the N. by Windham and Salem, S. Saco. The sources of these E. and S. by Dracut, (Mass.) two rivers are within the dis- and W. by Nottingham West. tance of a few feet from each Its area is 16,333 acres, of other. Peabudy river flows in which 280 are water. There a northerly course from the are here two ponds, Inland northwest part of Adams to pond of about 178 acres, and Shelburne, where it falls into Gumpas pond of about 100. the Ameriscoggin. From its Beaver river flows through the source to its mouth its length town and receives the waters is about 10 miles. of these ponds. The surface of the town is generally even, Peeling, in Grafton county, although there are several was incorporated in 1763, and swells of valuable land. in 1810, contained 203 inhabi- Rev. James Hobbe was or- tants N. E. Lin- dained in ; bounded by here 1765, and was coln^. E. by Thornton, S.W. succeeded by Rev. James by Thornton and Ellsworth, Moody. Rev. John Church, and W. by Warren, Coventry, the present minister, was set- andLandaff, comprising33,359 tled in 1798. There is here acres. There are here sever- 1 meeting-house, 3 grain-mills, al ponds, the largest of which 3 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, a is Elboxv pond about 60 rods carding-machine, and 3 trWing in diameter. The middle stores. During the ten years branch of Pemigewasset river ending in 1808, the number of passes through this town. deaths in this town was 121, of In Peeling there are three which 32 were of consumption. y large mountains ; Cush?nan s mountain in its north pari,/?/we Pembroke, in the south mountain in its centre, and part of Rockingham county, 23 178 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE

was incorporated in 1759, and mack, flows from the ridge inhabitants called the nowcontains 1153 ; height of land. Its bounded N. E. by Chichester, several sources are on the E. by Epsom, S. E. by Suncook Moosehillock mountain, the river which separates it from southwest part of the White Allenstown, S. W. by Merri- mountains, and in the town of mack river dividing it from Franconia. On its western Bow, and N. W. by Suncook side it receives Baker's river, river dividing it from Con- a stream from New-Found cord. It contains 14,060 acres. pond, Smith's river, and many Two bridges are erected o- smaller streams. ver the Suncook, one connect- Its average course is south ing this town with Concord, about 50 miies,passing through and the other leading to Al- Lincoln, Peeling, Thornton, latter of and lenstown ; over the Campton, bv Holderness, which the Chester turnpike Plymouth, BriGgewater, N^w- passes. Chester, and Andover. It Near the junction of the empties into the Winnipiseo- Suncook and Merrimack are gee at the lower part of San- several valuable mill seats, on born ton. After this junction which are erected a cotton fac- the main stream becomes the tory, 2 paper-miils,an oil-mill, Merrimack. a nail factory, carding-machine, &c. Beside these,there Peterborough, a township are in the town 4 corn-mills, in the southwest part of Hills- 5 saw-mills, and a clothing- borough county, lying about mill. Pembroke street is nearly 25 miles west from the Con- three miles long, on which are necticut and the same distance about 50 dwelling-houses, 5 east from the Merrimack, was stores, and 2 meeting-houses. incorporated in 1760, and in The soil of this town is gen- 1810 contained 1537 inhabi- its local situa- tants bounded N. erally good, and ; by Han- tion is remarkably pleasant. It cock and Greenfield, E. by was called Suncook by the In- Greenfield and Temple, S. by dians, and was granted by Sharon, and W. by Jaffreyand Massachusetts under the name Dublin, comprising an area of of Loveweli's town. Rev. 23,780 acres. Aaron Whitman was settled The surface of this town is here in 1736. He has been mountainous, and its soil is succeeded by the Rev. Messrs. enriched by numerous brooks Emery, Colby, Mitchell, and and small streams, favourable Burnham, the latter of whom to meadow and pasturage is the present minister. ground, and supplying many valuable mill seats. A prin- Pemigewasset Rjver, the cipal branch of Contoocook western branch of the Merri- river passes near the centre of GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 179

this town, and also Goose riv- Paulsburgh. NeartheN.E. ex- er flowing from Dublin and tremity of Piercy the north and falling into the Contoocook at south branches of the Amon- Smith's mills. Near this junc- oosw.k form a junction. This tion is the principal village, river receives Nash's stream which is much indebted for its in the northerly part of the origin and growth to the indi- town, as it flows from Strat- vidual exertions of the Hon. ford. Mill and Pilot moun- S. Smith. tains are in this place. There Here are about 25 dwelling- are here only two mills. The houses, 2 stores, 3 cotton fac- course on a straight line from tories, a paper-mill, an oil-mill, the centre of this town to the grain-mill, fulling-mill, saw- mouth of the Upper Amonoo- mill, cafdin g-machj ne, mechan- suck is about 6 miles. ic shops, &c. On the Con- toocook in other parts of the Phillip's River flows part- town are 2 other cotton facto- ly from Columbia and Dix- ries, a woollen factory, 2 grain- ville mountains and partly mills, and 2 saw-mills. from a large pond in the state's Peterborough is one of* the land No. 1. thence enlarging most considerable manufactur- itself as it passes through the ing towns in the state. No towns of Millsfield and Dum- one has so many factories. mer, and taking a westerly The principal roads leading course, it passes through Kil- through the town are from Am- kenny and enters Piercy, where herst to Keene, and from Han- it unites with the Upper Am- cock to New-Ipswich. There onoosuck. is here 1 meeting-house, in • which Rev. J. Morrison was Pierce's Island is in Pis- ordained in 1759. He was cataqua harbour, between this succeeded by Rev, D. Annan and Seavey's island the main in 1779. Rev. E. D unbar,the channel passes. On each of present minister, was settled in them batteries ana entrench- 1799. ments were prepared in 1775, and again in 1814. The cur- Piercy, in'Coos county, was rent is here narrow, rapid and incorporated in 1794, and in deep, and the shore bold and 1810, contained 211 inhabit- rocky. (See Piscataqua har- ants ; bounded N. by Stratford bour. ) and ungranted lands, E. and S. by Kilkenny, and W. by Nor- Piermont, in Grafton coun- thumberland,comprising50,630 ty, was incorporated in 1764, acres. Piercy** pond is on the and in 1810, contained 877 in- E. side of the the waters habitants bounded N. E. town, ; by of which fall into the Upper Haverhill, E. by Warren, S. Amonoosuck in the town of W. by Orford, and W. by the 180 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. west side of Connecticut river, Hilton's point 7 miles from the which divides it from Brad- sea. ford in Vermont, comprising The western branch is form- about 25,800 acres. Eastman's ed from the Swamscot river ponds lie in this town near flowing from Exeter, the Win- unite and fall nicot river ^Warren ; they flowing from Strat- into Connecticut river in Pier- ham through Greenland, and mont. Black mountain lies on Lamprey river, which divides the south side of this place and Newmarket from Durham. Stallion mountain on its north- These empty into a bay 4 miles ern side. The Coos turnpike wide, called the Great bay. passes through the N. E. part These waters in their further of the town. There is here 1 progress are contracted into a meeting-house and 2 religious smaller bay, where they receive societies, 2 grain-mills, 3 saw- Oyster river from Durham mills, 1 fulling-mill, and 1 dis- and Black river from Dover. are tillery. The inhabitants They form a junction with the generally farmers, and manu- other branch at Hilton's point. facture their own clothing. The tide rises in all these bays and branches as far up as the Pine River flows from a falls in each. It forms a rapid pond of that name in Wake- current,especially in the season field. After a N. W. course of freshets, when the ebb con- through Ossipee and part of tinues about two hours longer it falls into Great than the flood some of the fer- Effingham, ; Ossipee lake. ries would be impassable were it not for the numerous eddies, Piscataqua River is the formed by the indentures of only large river, the whole the shore. At the lower falls course of which is within the in each river are landing plac- state. Its source is a pond es, where lumber and other near the S. W. corner of the country produce is discharged, town of Wakefield, and is on 30 that each branch affords a the line of the District of convenient trading place not Maine. Its general course more than 15 or 20 miles from thence to the sea is S. S. E. a- Portsmouth, with which a con- bout 40 miles. It divides stant communication is kept this state from York county, up. This river therefore from (Maine) and is called Salmon the situation of its branches is its source to favourable to navi- falls river from extremely Berwick lower falls, where it gation and commerce. takes the name of Nezvicha- wannock, which it bears until it Piscataojja Harbour is meets the river Cochecho flow- one of the finest on the conti- ing from Dover. The conflu- nent, having sufficient depth of ent stream thence passes to water for vessels of any bur- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 181 den. The adjacent lands pro- which town the stream passes tect it from storms so effectu- to the N.E. extremity of Brad- ride here ford where it falls into the ally that -ships may in season of the Merrimack rive; after a south- safely any year. , The current here is so narrow erly course of about 20 miles. and rapid that the harbour never freezes. It is so well forti- Piscasick River rises in fied by nature that very little Brentwood and passes through labour is requisite to make it- Newmarket into Durham, impregnable. The islands in where it falls into Lamprey riv- this harbour are numerous ; er about one mile from the the largest of them is Great- northern boundary of New- Island or Nexv-Castle, now in- market. On this stream are corporated into a township numerous mill seats. (which see.) On this island stands a light- house and the Pigwacket, the Indian principal fort, called Fort Con- name of Conway, Fryburgh, stitution. Near the site of this and the towns adjacent. fort, one was erected as early as 1660, under the command PiTTSFiELD,in Rockingham of Richard Cutts, Esq. In county, was incorporated in 1795, this was completely pre- 1782, and contained in 1810 a mounted with 16 cannon of 1050 bounded pared, population ; and manned with a company of N. E. by Barnstead, S. E. by men now under the command Barrington and Northwood, S. of Capt. Walbach. In the sum- W. by Epsom and Chichester, mer of 1814, Fort Constitution and N.W. by Loudon and Sun- was put in a complete state of cook river. It comprises 14, defence, and another was erect- 921 acres, 94 of which are wa- ed at Jeffrey's point on the ter. easterly part of the island, an- In the S.E. part of this town other on Kittery point called is Catamount mountain, on the Fort M'Clary and another on summit of which is Berry's Pierce's island called Fort pond, and on its E. side is Wild- Washington, and several other goose pond, about 100 rods in fortifications were thrown up diameter. On the W. side of on the main islands. this pond the magnetic needle is materially affected. The Piscataojjog River. Its soil of this town is very fertile. most southerly branch rises in There are here 3 grain-mills, 5 Francestown and its most saw-mills, 2 fulling-mills, 2 northerly in Henniker and carding- machines, and several Deering. These after passing- trading stores. through Weare and New- Bos- The first minister in Pitts- ton form a junction on the W. field was the Rev. R,Page. El- side of Goffstown, through ders Sargeantand Knowlton of 182 GAZJBTTfcEil OF NEW-HAM PS HIttft.

the baptist order are now set- ed N. W. by Hampstead,N.E. tled here. There is also in by Kingston andNewtown,S.E. this town a small society of and S. W. by Haverhill, Friends. The number of deaths (Mass.,) and W. by Atkinson, here from 1781 to 1814, was comprising about 5,843 acres. 379. The spotted fever pre- A small stream from Hamp- vailed in this town in 1813 stead and another from New- and 14, of which 75 persons town meet in Plaistow and run- died in those two years. The ning southerly pass into Ha- annual average number of verhill between Plaistow meet- deaths is about 9. ing-house and the S. corner of Atkinson. There are 3 grain- Plainfield, a township in mills, 2 saw-mills, and 1 full- Cheshire county, incorporated ing-mill. Here are 2 religious in 1761, and containing in 1810, societies and 1 meeting-house. a of 1463 bounded Rev. population ; James Gushing was set- N. by Lebanon, S.E. by New- tled here in 1730, and was Grantham, S. by Cornish, and succeeded in 1765, by Rev. G. W. by Connecticut river,which Merrill. Elder John Herri- divides it from Hartland in man is the present minister and Vermont. At the lower part was ordained in 1812. of this town in Connecticut river is Hart's island about 150 Plymouth, a township in rods long and 35 wide. Wa- Grafton county, is situated at terquechy falls are adjacent to the junction of Baker's and this town, a bridge was erected Pemigewasset river. This town here in 1807. Plainfield is was incorporated in 1763,and in watered by a small stream 1775, it contained 382 inhabi- flowing from Croydon moun- tants, and in 1810, it contained on which are erected sev- N. tains, 937 ; bounded by Campton, eral mills. This town contains E.by Pemigewasset river,S. by a handsome village of 10 or Bridgewater, and W. by He- 12 dwelling-houses, several bron, comprising 16,256 acres. stores, and 2 meeting-houses. The Mayhew turnpike pass- Through this place passes the es through the westerly part Croydon turnpike. The pres- of this town. In the north- ent ministers here are Rev. J. east part is a pleasant village, Dickerso-n of the congregation- containing about 22 dwelling- al and Elder Cram of the bap- houses, a meeting-house,court- tist order. house, 4 stores, and a distillery. In this town are also 4 mills, &c. Plaistow, a small township Rev. Nathan Ward was set- in Rockingham county, incor- tled here in 1765. The pre- porated in 1764, and now consent minister is the Rev. ©~. taining462 inhabitants; bound- Fairbanks. GAZETTEER OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 183

Poplin, atownship in Rock" at their outlets are flood gates ingham county, was incorpo- and mills. Portsmouth con- rated in 1764,and in 1810,contains 927 dwelling-houses and 18 3 tained 482 inhabitants ; bound- public buildings, viz. con- ed N. by Epping, E. by Brent- gregational meeting-houses, 1 wood, S. by Hawke and San- episcopal church, 1 meeting- down, and W. by Chester and house for baptists, 1 for meth- Raymond, comprising 9,702 odists, and 1 for universalists, acres. In the northwest part an academy, 5 school -houses, a of the town is a small pond, court-house, gaol, alms-house, and its southerly part is wa- and 2 markets. A female tered bv Exeter fresh river. asylum was incorporated here There is here a meeting-house, in 1808, and there are also 4 several mills, and a carding- incorporated banks and sever- machine. The inhabitants are al insurance offices. An athe- principally of the methodist naeum was recently established denomination. and promises to be a respectable and useful institution. Portsmouth, the metropo- The houses erected in this lis of New-Hampshire and its town during the last ten years only sea-port,lies on the south- are generally of brick and of west side of Piscataqua river. elegant architecture. In 1800, It was incorporated in 1633, there were in this town 86 and in 1810, it contained 6,934 dwelling-houses of one story, of inhabitants ; bounded N. W. 524 of two stories, and 21 by Newington, N. E. by the three stories, since which pe- river, S. E. and S, by Rye,and riod the latter class have in- W. by Greenland and New- creased nearly one third in ington. Its area is 10,350 a- number and manv have been cres. erected of four stories. Ports- The northeastern boundary mouth pier or xvharf was built of Portsmouth is by the Dis- in 1795, by an incorporated trict of Maine, following the company, 340 feet in length main channel of Piscataqua and of an average width of 60 river. This line will include feet. On this wharf was erect- on Portsmouth side the followed a handsome range of building islands, viz. Goat's, Pierce's, ings 300 feet long, three stories Leach's, Hospital, Shapley's,a.nd high,and divided into fourteen Salter's. stores. This range was destroy- The compact part of this ed by the great fire in 1813. town contains about 225 acres, A new market house was built almost entirely surrounded by in 1800, 80 feet long, 30 wide, water, the distance being only and two stories high, the up- 90 rods from the south mill- per story of which is occupied pond to the north pond. Into as a town hall : a new fish mar- these ponds the tide flows, and ket is also erected. Both of 184 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. these markets are excellently- bout a mile wide and 9 or 10 supplied, especially the latter. fathoms deep. The anchorage The harbour of Portsmouth is good, the shore is lined with is in latitude 4-3° 5' N. and in rocks, and the harbour is land- 70°4' YV. long, from Greenwich : locked on all sides and perfect- it is known to mariners by the ly safe. The tide rises from following marks. Agamenti- 10 to 14 feet. The other en- cus, a remarkable mountain in trance on the south side of the county of York, lies four Great-Island is called Little leagues due N. Pidgeon hill Harbour ; the water here is on Cape Ann bears due S. 10 shoal and the bottom sandy. leagues, and the highest of the Between the upper end of Isles of Shoals bears S. E. by Great- Island and the town is a S. distant 3 leagues from the broad deep still water, called entrance of the harbour. In the pooly where the largest the middle of the -harbour's ships may ride very safely. mouth is &reat*Isla?id,on which This was the usual station for stands the town of Newcastle, the mast ships, of which seven and on the northeast point of have been loading here at once. this island is the light-house. In this place the Astrea ship The following are directions of war of 20 guns was burnt for entering the harbour : in 1744, (see Belknap.) u Vessels coming from the east Portsmouth has convenient should keep in 12 fathoms wa- wharves and good anchorage. ter, till the light-house bearsN. The water is deep enough for half a point E. or W. distant 3 the largest vessels, and the miles to avoid a ledge of rocks harbour has so many natural which lie off the mouth of the advantages and is so capable harbour, then bear away for of defence, that it might be the light-house, keeping the made a very safe and commo- western shore on board, and dious naval depot. coming no nearer that shore Ships of war have been than 9 fathoms, giving the light built here at early and recent a proper birth and standing o- periods. The Falkland of 54 ver to the northern shore of guns in 1690, Bedford Galley the river where they may an- of 32 guns in 1696, as also the chor in 9 fathoms abreast of Raleigh of 32, and Ranger of Sparhawk's point. Ships com- 18. In 1782, the America of ing from the southward should 74 guns was built here and was observe the same directions presented by Congress to the respecting the light and keep king of France. In 1814, the in 9 fathoms on the western Washington of 74 guns was " shore. launched. Between the north side of In 1765, there were here Great Island and the Kittery 199 clearances and 115 entries shore is the main channel, a- from foreign ports. In 1790, GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 185

and in 1791, the number of of the church of England. entries were 223, of which 34 He was imprisoned and was were ships, 87 were brigs, 84 afterwards conditionally dis- were schooners, and 18 were charged. Rev. Nathaniel sloops. The number Was af- Rogers was ordained here in

terwards much increased. In 1699 j who was descended from the year' 1810, there belonged John Rogers the celebrated to this port 28 ships, 47 brigs, martyr in the reign of queen 10 schooners, 2 sloops, and 1 Mary. He died in 1723, and barge, all of them employed was succeeded by Rev. Jabez in foreign trade. There were Fitch who died in 1746.

also 20 fishing vessels and ma- . Rev. Samuel Langdon was ny coasters. ordained here 1747, and was This town is intersected by made president of Harvard 32 streets, 40 lanes, 12 alleys, college in 1774. 4 roads, and 4 public squares. Rev. Joseph Buckmins- The principal streets are pav- ter, d.d. was ordained in this ed. town in 1779, and died in The Portsmouth Aqueduct 1812, aged 61. Rev. John Company was incorporated in Emerson was installed in the 1797, and in 1800, the town old parish in 1715. In 1732, was supplied with excellent the Rev. Mr. Shurtleff was or- water for domestic uses,from a dained in the south meeting- spring in Newington about 3 house newly erected, and his miles distant from Portsmouth successor Rev. Job Strong was pier. It is carried into almost ordained in 1749. Rev. Sam- every street in the town, and uel Haven, d. d. was settled on the north side of the pier is here in 1752, and died in 1806, a water-house and pump where aged 79» Dr. Haven and Dr. ships can be supplied at 10 Buckminster were among the cents per hogshead. most distinguished divines and The greatest number of eminent preachers and the most deaths in this town in any one learned men of their country. of the last 15 years was 150, Rev. T. Aid en, jun. was or- and the smallest number 100. dained colleague with Dr. Ha- The first meeting-house in ven in 1799, and his success- Portsmouth was erected in or is Rev. Nathan Parker the 1640, and a Mr. Gibson was present minister. employed to preach in it. In S^ueen's chapel^ now St. 1664, another was erected. In yohrfs church, was consecrat- 1671, Rev. J. Moody, the first ed in 1734, and in 1792,an epis- ordained minister was settled copalian society was incorpo- here. Mr. Moody was indict- rated here* Rev. A. Brown ed by Gov. Cranfield for re- was settled over it in 1736, fusing to administer the sacra- Rev. J. C. Ogdeninl786, ment to him after the manner Rev. J. Willard and C. Bur- 24 186 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. roughs have succeeded, the destroyed 107 persons between latter of whom is the present the 20th of* July and the 6th of pastor. In 1761, a meeting- October of that year. Of these house was built in this town by 55 died of the fever and 52 of u an independent congregation- the dysentery. al" society, over whom Rev.L. In the year 1623, David Drown was settled, and was Thompson, a Scotchman, with succeeded by Rev. J. Walton several others from London its present minister. landed at the mouth of Piscat- Mr, Robert Sandiman came aqua river on its S. side, at a over to this country about the place which they called Little- year 1 764, and formed a socie- harbour. Here they erected ty in this town, who after- salt-works and a house, which wards built themselves a meet- they afterwards called Mason- ing-house. Mr. Sandiman died hall. in Danbury in 1771. David In 1631, Humphrey Chad- Humphreys, Esq. has for ma- bourne erected a house at ny years officiated as teacher Strawberry-bank. Several can- of this little flock. non also were placed during The society of universalists this year at the N. E. point of in Portsmouth was collected Great- Island. by the Rev. John Murray, who In 1632, the sea-coast in first preached his doctrines this vicinity was alarmed by here in 1776. In 1784, Rev. the piracies and depredation of Noah Parker was settled over Dixy Bull. (See General View, this society. Rev. J. Richards, page 51.) his successor, was ordained in In 1640, a grant of 50 acre6 1799, and was succeeded by of glebe land was made to the Rev. Hosea Ballou. Rev. Thomas Walford and Henry Sebastian Streeter is the pres- Sherburne and their successors ent minister. forever. In 1802, a baptist society In 1692, the small-pox rag- was formed in this town by ed with great violence in Ports- Elder Elias Smith, The church mouth and Greenland, and few was gathered in 1 603, and now people being acquainted with consists of 175 members. The its treatment, the mortality methodists also have a small and sufferings were very great. society in this town. In 1694, an attack was made The situation and climate of upon the houses at Portsmouth Portsmouth are salubrious. plains by an Indian scouting of 14 were kill- The annual average number party ; persons deaths for 25 years past has ed on the spot, several others been about 120, except the were wounded, and a number year 1798, when the town was taken prisoners. The houses visited by the yellow fever and also were plundered and burnt* dysentery. This epidemic (See Breakfast bill.) GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 18F

In 1697, William Partridge the space of 50 rods falls 100 a. native of Portsmouth was feet, carrying 1 bloomery, 5 appointed lieutenant-governor. saw-mills, 1 fulling-mill, and 1 In 1705, the line of pickets, snuff-mill, besides several oth- which enclosed Portsmouth, er auxiliary mills. The rapid- extended from the mill-pond ity of the falls, the continuity on the S. side of the town to of the dams, the variety of the the creek on the S. side, and mills, and their mechanism, to- crossed the street a few rods gether with the irregularity of W. of the present site of the the houses, scenery, &c. give court-house. to this spot a singularly gro- Portsmouth has suffered in tesque and romantic appear- a remarkable manner by fire. ance and afford on the whpfc On the 26th December, 1802, one of the most remarkable in in this country. a fire broke out one of the views r 120 build- banks and destroyed4 ings, principally in Market and R. Daniel streets. On the 24th December, 1806, another con- Raymond, in Rockingham flagration destroyed about 20 county, was incorporated in buildings, including St. John's 1764, and in 1810, contained church, but the most calamit- 898 inhabitants ; bounded N. ous and destructive fire was on by Nottingham and Deerfield, the 22d December, 1813. It E. by Epping and Poplin, S. swept over 15 acres and de- by Chester, and W. by Candia stroyed 173 buildings. These and Chester,comprising 16,317 fires have been the cause of acres, of which 360 are water. 1 great improvements in the Jones pond 250 rods long and streets, the appearance, and 150 wide, and Governor's pond police of the town. 200 long and 100 wide are in this town, both of them empty- Powow River, has its ing into Lamprey river. Exe- source in Kingston in Great ter river passes the S. E. ex- pond and County pond, thence tremity and Petuckaway river it passes the S. W. part of the N. E. extremitv of this East-Kingston into Southamp- town. There is here 1 meet- ton, thence into Amesbury, ing-house, 2 religious societies, where it takes an easterly 1 of them of congregationalists, course and passes again into over which the Rev. Mr.Stick- Southampton, thence returning ney was settled. There are in to Amesbury it empties into Raymond, 3 grain-mills, 4 saw- the Merrimack between Salis- mills, and a fulling-mill. bury and Amesbury in Essex county, Mass. The falls on Red Hill River flows this river in Amesbury are re- from Red hill pond in the town markable. The water within of Sandwich, and after a south- 138 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. erly course of about 6 miles empty into Miller's river and falls into the N. E. arm of others into the Contoocook Winnipiseogee lake. river. Red and yellow ochre, crystals, crystalline spars, a»d Richmond, a township in vitriol are found here. Rindge the S. part of Cheshire county, has a pleasant village lying on was incorporated in 1752, and the turnpike, containing a con- in 1810, contained 1290 inhab- gregational meeting- house,sev- N. Swan- eral &c. itants ; bounded by mills, Rev. Seth Dean S. sey, E. by Fitzwilliam, by was ordained here in 1765, and Massachusetts, and W. by Rev. Scth Payson succeeded Winchester, comprising 23,725 him in 1782, and is the pres- acres. Here are several ent minister. In this ^ ponds, 1775, the waters of which fall into town contained only 542 in- Ashuelot, and one of them is habitants. the source of Miller's river. Ashuelot turnpike passes thro' Rochester, in Strafford this town. There are here two county, was incorporated in sucieties of baptists and one of 1722, and contains 2118 in- two habitants N. E. Friends, and meeting- ; bounded by houses in a small village near Salmon fall river, which di- the centre of the town. There vides it from Lebanon, (in are also in Richmond 5 grain- Maine,) S,E. by Somersworth mills, 5 saw-mills, 1 clothing- and Dover, S. W. by Barring- mill, and 1 carding-machine. ton, and N.W. by Farmington Elders Bellew and Aldrich and Milton, comprising 26,609 were first settled here, Elder acres. Cochecho river flows Billings is the present pastor. through this town from N. to S. and receives Isinglass river Rindge, in the N.E. part of near Dover line. Cheshire county, was incorpo- Near the centre of the town rated in 1760, and in 1810, con- is a village called Norway a tained 1226 inhabitants ; bound- plains, containing meeting- ed N.by Jaffrey and Sharon, E. house, a court-house, about 40 by New-Ipswich, S. by Mas- dwelling-houses, and several sachusetts, and W. by Fitz- stores. There are also in this william, comprising 23,838 a- town 4 grain-mills,4 saw-mills, cres, of which 660 are water. 2 carding-machines, and a cot- There are in this town 12 ton factorv. ponds, the largest of which One term of the district {Menomonock pond) has about court of common pleas is held 200 acres. Of the others here annually. some contain 100 acres and Rev. Amos Maine was or- others are smaller. The wa- dained in this town in 1737. ters from some of them unite His successors have been Rev. with the Menomonock, others Messrs. Hill, Hall, and Haven, GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 189 the latter of whom is the pre- as in Exeter, there is a court- sent pastor. house and a county gaol. The In 1746, and in 1747, the superior court is holden for this Indians made excursions a- county at Portsmouth and Ex- gainst this town in small par- eter alternately. The courts ties, committing many depre- of common pleas are also hold- dations and some murders. en in those towns alternately. Probate courts are holden in Rockingham County is Portsmouth, Exeter, and Lon- bounded N. E. by Strafford donderry. county and Piscataqua river, E. about 14 miles by the sea, Roxbury, in Cheshire coun- S. E. and S. by Massachusetts, ty, was incorporated in 1812, and W. by Hillsborough coun- and is bounded N. by Sullivan, ty, comprising an area of 661, E. by Nelson and Dublin, S. 646 acres of land and water. by Marlborough, and W. by This county contains 46 town- Keene, comprising about 6000 ships, and according to the acres. This town was incor- census of 1810, a population porated subsequent to the last of 50,115 inhabitants, 8,404 of census and of course its popu- whom were legal voters. It lation has not been estimated. has 80 meeting-houses, 6 acad- There is here a meeting-house, emies, 132 grain-mills, 161 a grain-mill, a saw-mill, and a saw-mills, 38 clothing-mills, 5 clothing-mill. cotton and 2 woollen factories, 26 carding-machines, 5 paper- Rumney, in Grafton county, mills, 4 oil-mills, and 130 trad- was incorporated in 1767, and ing stores exclusive of those contains 765 inhabitants ; in Portsmouth. bounded N. E. by Ellsworth, In 1812, the returns of cat- E. by Campton, S. W. by Gro- tle and horses in this county ton and Hebron, and N. W.by were as follows an a- ; 19 stud-hors- Wentworth, comprising es, 5,271 other horses, 205 of rea of 22,475 acres. four years old, 334 of three In the north part of the town years old, and 337 of two years is Stinsorts pond 400 rods long old ; 7,164 oxen, 3,335 of four and 280 wide, from which years old, 16,913 cows, 8,433 flows a considerable stream of three years old cattle, and called Mill brook, emptying in- 9,019 of two years old. By to Baker's river. This river the best estimates there were passes the southerly extremity y 61,340 sheep and 3,634 acres of the town. Stinson s moun- of orcharding. tain lies near the pond, and a The principal towns in this part of Carres and several oth- county are Portsmouth, Con- er mountains are in this town. cord, Exeter, and Londonder- There is here a meeting-house ry. In Portsmouth, as well in which Rev. Thomas Niles 190 GAZETTEER OF NEW-ttAMPStHRE, was first settled. Elders C. S. Haines and Wilmouth have succeeded him, but at present Sago River has its source it has no minister. Through on the White mountains near this town on the south side of what is called the notch, and Baker's river passes the great in the vicinity of the source road from Plymouth to the of the Lower Amonoosuck, Coos turnpike. which runs westerly into Con- necticut river. Rye, a township in Rocking- Saco river flows in a souther- ham county, lying on the sea- ly course down the mountains coast opposite to the Isles of about 12 miles, then taking an Shoals, was incorporated in easterly direction it enters the 1719, and contains 1020 inhab- town of Bartlett, where it re- itants ; bounded N. and N.W. ceives Ellis river, which rises by Portsmouth, N. E. by Lit- in the easterly pass of the tle Harbour, E. by the sea, S. mountain near the source of by Northampton, and W. by Peabody river. Within the Greenland, comprising 7,780 distance of half a mile from acres. On the shore there are these fountains two large three very pleasant beaches, streams flow down the highest viz. Jenness\ Sandy, and Wal- of the mountains, one of them lace's. A bridge at Little into Ellis river. The former Harbour unites the towns of of these is Cutler's river and Rye and Newcastle. The soil the latter is New river. The of this town is not naturally latter made its appearance in fertile, but it is made remark- October, 1775, during a long ably productive by the assis- rain. In its course it broke tance of sea-weed, which is down many rocks and trees and ascertained to be an excellent presented a wide spectacle of manure. ruin. At its junction with R< v. Nath'l Morrill was set- Ellis river there is a noble tled here in 1726, Rev. Samuel cascade of 100 feet in height.! Parsons in 1736, and the pre- Several other branches of Saco sent minister Rt-v. Hunting- river flow from other parts of ton Porter in 1814. the mountains. From Bartlett There is here 1 meeting- the course of the Saco is S. a- house, 2 school-houses, 3 grain bout 10 miles to the lower part and 3 saw-mills. of Conway, where it receives In the fall of 1814, a boat Swift river from Burton, thence from a British fleet approach- in an easterly course it passes ed the shore at Rye, and on into Fryburgh and Browns- being fired upon by the inhabi- field in Maine, and from thence tants, it immediately returned to the sea it has a southeaster- with a loss, it is supposed, of ly course of about forty-five several men. miles. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 191

This river fcises and over- There is here also a small flows very suddenly in rainy society of methodists, another seasons and subsides very rap- of baptists, a pleasant vilhge idly after the cessation of the of 12 or 14 houses, 4 grain- rains. In the great flood of mills, 3 saw-mills, a woollen 1775, when the New river factory, a fulling-mill, and a broke out, the hanks of the carding-machine. Saco were overflowed very suddenly, and the waters were Salisbury, a township in of a deep red colour for sever- the N.E. part of Hillsborough al days, probably from passing county, formerly called Ste- over iron ore. This appearance phenstown,was incorporated in was superstitiously supposed to 1768, and contains 1913 inhab- be that of and con- itants blood, was ; bounded N. by Ando- sidered as ominous of public ver, E. by Merrimack river, calamity. On the subsiding of which divides it from North- the waters, it was observed, field, S. by Boscawen and War- that the bed of the river in ner, and W. by Kearsarge some places was widened and Gore and mountain, compris- the course of several of its ing an area of 28,600 acres. branches changed. In a great Blackwater river, a branch of freshet it has risen 25 feet, but the Contoocook passes the W. its common rise is about 10 part of this town and forms sev- feet. eral bays near the line of An- dover. A toll bridge connects Salem New, generally call- the N.E. part of this town with ed New-Salem, is in Rocking- Sanbornton. There is a very ham county, was incorporated flourishing village at Webster's in 1750, and contains 1179 in- falls, near the mouth of Winni- habitants river. ; bounded N. by piseogee A part of Londonderry, E. by Atkinson Kearsarge mountain is in Salis- and the line of Massachusetts, buri/y and through this town 8. by this line and Pelham, and passes the 4th N. H. turnpike W. by Windham, comprising from Dartmouth college to 15,600 acres. In this place are Concord. On this road in the World?8 pond, Captain"*s pond, S. part of the town is aflour- Policy pond, &c. all of which ishing village, containing 20 or fall into Spiggot river. The 30 houses, stores, &c. There soil here is well watered and are in this town a congrega- fertile. The Londonderry tional and baptist society, 2 turnpike passes through this handsome meeting-houses, an town. Rev. A. Bailey was academy, several grain and settled here in 1 740, and Elder saw-mills, a clothing-mill, Samuel Fletcher in 1780. Rev. wire-factory, oil-mill, 2 card- John Smith is die present pas- ing-machines,, and 6 trading tor. stores. 192 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Rev. J. Searle was ordained J. Bodwell, Elders Crocket here in 1773. The present and Cheney. Sanbornton has ministers are the Rev. T.Wor- 11 grain-mills, 13 saw- mills, 3 cester and Elder O. Robinson. clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, 1 nail-factory, an oil- is the Salmon Fall River mill, a distillery,, and 6 trading eastern and main branch of stores. the Piscataqua (which see.) Sanbown, in Rockingham Sanbornton, in the S. W. county, was incorporated in part of Strafford county, was 1756, and in 1810, contained in 1 con- inhabitants incorporated 770, and 504 ; bounded N. inhabitants bound- Chester and E. tains 2,884 ; by Poplin, by ed N.W.by New-Hampton,N. Hawke, S. by Hampstead, and E. by Meredith, E. by the W. by Chester and part Great bay, which divides it of Londonderry, comprising from Gilford, S.E. by Gilman- 8,532 acres, of which 200 are ton, S- by Winnipiseogee lake, water. and W. by Pemgeway river, The largest parts of Chub which divides it from Salisbu- pond and of Angle pond are ry, Andover, and New-Ches- in this town, one on its eastern ter ; this river unites with and the other on its northern lake in the S. line the former is 140 rods Winnipiseogee ; W. part of the town, at which wide and the latter 100, empty- place the confluent streams being itself into Exeter river, come the IVJerrimack river. which passes through this The bays and rivers, which al- town. Rev. Josiah Cotton the most encircle this town meas- first minister here, was ordain- ure nearly 60 miles,and the bay ed in 1759, and was succeed- between this town and Mere- ed for a short time by the Rev. dith is 3 miles wide. Salmon S. Collins. The inhabitants brook pond is the only pond in are generally baptists and me- this town, and is 1 30 rods long thodists. There is here a and 50 wide. Salmon brook meeting-house and several mountain is in Sanbornton. Re- mills. publican ridge connects this town w"'th Salisbury and Union Sandwich, in the N. part bridge unites it to Gilreianton. of Strafford county, was incor- There are in this town 3 re- porated in 1763, and contains of ligious societies, 2 baptists 2,232 inhabitants ; bounded and 1 of congregationalists, N. by Sandwich mountains an each of them owning a hand- unlocated tract, E. by Tarn- some meeting-house. Rev. J. worth, S. by Moultonborough, Woodman the first minister in and W. by Campton, Holder- this town was ordained in 1 771. ness and Thornton, compris- The present ministers are Rev. ing an area of 54,600 acres. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 193

Red Hill porid and Bear Seabrook was formerly a part Camp pond are in this town, of Hampton. It is 9 miles forming the sources of two from Exeter, the road passing rivers of the same names. through it from Portsmouth In the -northwest part of the to Newburyport. town is part of Squam mountain and of Squam lake, (see Squam Sharon, in the west part of lake?) Hillsborough county, was in- There are here three relig- corporated in 1791, and con- of tains ious societies ; one baptists, 446 inhabitants ; bound- one of methodists, and one of ed N. by Peterborough, E. by friends. Elder Quimby is a Temple, S. by New-Ipswich settled preacher here. There and Rindge, and W. by Jaf- are in Sandwich 6 grain-mills, frey, comprising an area of 6 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, 10,000 acres. 1 carding-machine, and 3 trad- Several small streams rise ing stores. in this town and fall into Con- toocook river. On the line be- Sawyer's Location. (See tween this town and Rindge is Nash's and Sawyer's location.) a cm.gged mountain 200 feet higher than the surrounding Seabrook, in Rockingham country. The 3d N. H. turn- county, is in the northeast ex- pike passes over the southwest tremity of the state. It was extremity of this town. incorporated in 1768, and ton- tains inhabitants bounded in 774 ; Shelburne, Coos county, N. by Hampton Falls, E. by was incorporated in 1769, and the S. the line of Mas- contains sea, by 176 inhabitants ; sachusetts dividing it from bounded N. by Success and Salisbury, and W. by South- Maynesborough, E. by the ampton and part of Kensing- District of Maine, S. by unlo- ton, comprising an area of cated lands, and W.by Durand, 3,307 acres. comprising 45,140 acres. Gains* brook waters the east Ameriscoggin river in its part of the town and falls into passage through this town into the sea at Hampton. This part Maine, receives Peabody and of the town is an extensive Moose rivers and several salt marsh. There are here smaller streams. Mount Mo- two societies of congregation- riahandsome other large moun- alists and one of friends, each tains are in Shelburne* There having a meeting-house in a are here 2 grain and 2 saw- village of about 40 houses,&c. mills.' Rev. S. Perley was ordained here in 1765. The present Shoals, Isles op, are seven pastor is Rev. E. Hull. in number and lie on the coast 25 194 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

of New-Hampshire. The cel- set river in the upper part oi ebrated John Smith gsve his New- Chester. Its mouth is own name to them, but the in- 20 yards wide. gratitude of posterity has de- nied this small honour to his Society L,ANb,in Hillsbor- memory. Staten island be- ough county, contains 1 99 in- to and habitants longs New- Hampshire, ; bounded N. by on this is the town of Gosport. Deering, E. by Francestown, The others are in the District S. by Greenfield, and W. by of Maine. They are inhabit- Contoocook river which divides ed by about 100 fishermen and it from Antrim : its area is have a meeting-house, which 3,300 acres. Crotchet moun- serves as a land mark to sea- tain lies on its south and east men. There has also been line. erected here by charity a par- sonage house. Somersworth, in the south- There is here good moorings east extremity of Strafford and an artificial dock construct- county, was formerly a part of ed by Mr. Haley. Vessels Dover. It was incorporated sometimes put in here in bad in 1754, and contains 878 in- but habitants weather, large ships cannot ; bounded N. W. by do this safely. Rochester, N. E. by Salmon From Star island to dry sal- fall river which divides it vage rock the course is S. £° from Berwick, and S. and S. W. W. 8 leagues to Portsmouth, by Dover, comprising an area N. N. W. 3 leagues to New- of 10,048 acres. There are buryport bar, S. W. 7 leagues, in this town several ponds, y N. lat. 42° 59', W. long. 70° such as Colt s pond 150 rods

• half OO long and as wide ; Hum- Rev. John Tuck was ordain- phreys'* pond on the line of ed here in 1732, and died in Dover, 200 long and 120 wide. 1773, aged 77. Dover, turnpike passes through the southeast part of this town Sims' Stream rises in the and over Quampegan bridge mountains in Columbia from into Berwick. Somersworth several ponds and springs, and has one meeting-house. falls into the Connecticut riv- The Rev. James Pike was er near the northwest extremi- settled here in 1730, and he ty of the town. has been succeeded by the Rev. P. Thurston. There are in Smith's River rises in Or- this town 3 grain and 3 saw- ange and Grafton, near Isin- mills, 2 fulling-mills, and 1 glass mountain, and after an trading store. The history of easterly course of 16 miles this town records a violent through Danbury and Alexan- thunder storm in 1779, during dria, falls into the Pemigewas- which the meeting-house was GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 195 consumed by lightning and its of that name opposite Litch- bell was melted and fell in a field. state of fusion. Spiggot River rises in Soucook River rises from Londonderry and Hampstead three ponds in the southerly from Islandpond. After pass- part of Gilmanton, one of which ing through Salem and receiv- is Soon pond. The several ing the waters of several ponds branches unite in Loudon, and in that town, it falls into the passing between Concord and Merrimack river between Me- Pembroke, fall into the Merri- thuen and Dracut in Massa- mack river below Garvan's chusetts. falls. On this stream is a large number of mills of various Springfield, in Cheshire kinds. county, was incorporated in 1794, and contains 814 inhab- in itants Southampton, Rocking- ; bounded N. E. by ham county, was incorporated Grafton, S. E. by Wilmot and in 1742, and contains 427 in- New-London, and W.by Croy- East- don habitants ; bounded N.bv and New-Grantham, com- Kingston and Kensington, E. prising 28,3SO acres, 200 of by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury, which are water. Stallion pond and W. by Newtown, com- in this town is 230 rods long acres. and 140 wide is prising 9,400 ; Silly pond Powow river flows through 240 long and about 80 wide. this town and affords many A branch of Sugar river has valuable mill seats. There is its source here. Through the here one meeting-house. Rev. N. E. part of the town passes William Parsons was settled the 4th N.H. turnpike. Spring- in this town in 1743, and Rev. field is in the N. E. extremity N. Noyes in 1763. Southamp- of the county adjoining Hills- ton was formerly a part of borough and Grafton counties. Hampton and granted by Mas- There are here 3 religious so- sachusetts. cieties, 1 meeting-house, 11 mills, and 1 store. Sowhegan River has the sources of its southerly branch Sqjjam Lake and River. in New-Ipswich, Temple,Wil- This lake lies on the borders ton, and Lyndeborough. A- of Holderness, Mcfultonbor- nother branch flows from New- ough, Sandwich, and Centre- Boston and Mount- Vernon, harbor. It is about 6 miles and passes through Milford in length and nearly 5 miles and Amherst. The two branch- wide, containing probably a- es unite in the town of Merri- bout 6,500 acres. It has sev- mack and fall into the river eral small islands, the largest 196 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. of which is Fowler's, 30O rods There are here 17 ponds, all long and 120 wide. This of which discharge their waters lake misfit easily communicate into Ashuelot and Contoocook with Winnipiseogee lake, the rivers.

' distance between them being A ridge of mountains ex- onlv 500 rods wide. The tends more than half through stream from Squam lake to Lit- this town. There are here 2 tle Squam pond, (called Squam religious societies, 1 meeting- river) is 100 rods long, thence house, 4 grain-mills, 3 saw- through the pond to its outlet mills, and 1 clothing-mill. is 400, thence to Pemigewas- set river the distance is 1000 Strafford County is rods. The river and the pond bounded W. and N. W. by are in Holderness. Grafton county, N. by Coos county, E. by the District of State Prison. (See Gen- Maine, and S» by Rockingham eral View, page 49. county, comprising 861,171 acres of land and water. This Stewartstown is in the county contains 41,595 inhab- N. part of Coos county, and itants, 6,828 of whom are le- contains 176 inhabitants ; gal voters. It has 32 town- bounded N. by college lands, ships, and in 1813, it had 50 E. by Dixville, S. by Cole- meeting-houses, 1 academy, brook, and W. by Vermont, 920 grain- mills, 127 saw-mills, comprising 27,381 acres. Di- 32 clothing-mills, 4 oil-mills, 4 mond pond is in this town, cotton-factories, 1 woolien-fac- forming the source of Dtmond tory, 21 carding-machines, 10 river. Bishop's brook, Dead distilleries, and 88 trading water river, and Mohawk river stores. In 1810, there were also have their sources here. in this county 23 stud-horses* Hall's stream unites with the 4,444 other horses, 238 four Contoocook in this town. On years old, 312 three years old, these several streams are nu- and 495 two years old ; 5,685 merous mills. oxen, 3,223 four years old j 12,874 cows, 8,682 three years Stoddard, in Cheshire old cattle, 9,395 two years old county, was incorporated in cattle, 1 mule, 1 jack, and 1774, and contains 1139 in- 1,783 acres of orcharding. habitants. It was formerly The principal towns in this called l.imerick,and is bound- county are Dover, Durham, ed N. by Washington, E. by Rochester, and Gilmanton. Windsor and Antrim, S. by The superior court holds its Nelson and Sullivan, and W. sessions for this county at Do- by Sullivan, Gilsum,and Mar- ver, the common pleas are hoi- low. It, contains 35,925 acres, den alternately at Rochester 1100 of which are water. and Gilmanton,and the probate GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 197 court is held also in these two town was part of the grant to towns. The county gaol is at Edward Hilton in 1650, called Dover. Strafford sends 35 re- Szvatnscot patent. .The charter presentatives to the state leg- of Stratham was dated March islature. 20th, 1/16, and signed by George Viiughan then lieuten- Stratford, in Coos .coun- ant-governor. The first town- ty, was incorporated in 1773, meeting was on the 10th o* A- inhabitants and contains 339 ; pnl, 1716, Deacon David Rob- bounded N. by Columbia, E. inson was chosen town clerk by ungranted lands No. 1., S. and held that office 47 years. by Piercy andNorthumberland, Rev. Henry Rust was ordain- and W. by the Connecticut ed here in 1718, Rev. Joseph river, which separates it from Adams in 1747, and R v. Brunswick in Vermont. Its James Miitimore in 1786, the area is 48,931 acres. This latter gentleman has since re- town is watered by Roaring' moved. Elder S. Shepard was brook, Strong*s brook, and Bay settled over the baptists in brook. Bow-back mountain, 1771. At present there is no Pealts mountain, and several settled minister in the town. others are in this town. Strai- From the year 1798 to 1812, fordh&s one meeting-house be- inclusive, the number of deaths longing to methodists, Rev. C. in this town was 186. The Sumner was settled here in greatest number in any one 1773. In 1775, this town had year was 20, and the smallest only 40 inhabitants, and in number 5, averaging about 12 1790, there were 150. annually. Between the years 1742, and 1797, inclusive, the Stratham, in Rockingham number of deaths was 1080, county,lies on the E. side of the averaging about 20 annually. western branchofPiscataqua ri- Stratham lies about 8 miles ver and inl 810,contained876in- from the sea. The land is ev- habitantsjboundedN.by Green- en and well calculated for ag- land, S.E. by Greenland &Nor- ricultural purposes. Farming thampton, S. W.by Exeter, and is so exclusively the employ- W. and N. W. by the river and ment of the town, that, al- bay, which separate it from Ex- though a navigable river ad- Its eter and Newmarket. area is joins it, there is not a wharf, 10,120 acres. There are here 2 vessel or boat belonging to the religious societies, 1 of baptists place. In the easterly part of and the other of congregation- the town, is perhaps the larg- alists, each of them has a meet- est repository of peat in the ing-house. There are in this state. It is a meadow com- town 4 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, monly known by the name of and 1 clothing-mill. This Temple meadow or swamp. 198 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, x This at some future day will Roxbury and Keene, and W. probably become a valuable re- by Keene and Gilsum, com- source. prising 12,212 acres. In 1807, a bridge was erect- This town is watered by r ed connecting this town w ith Ashuelot river, and has 2 ' N M-ket. It cost about religious "societies, 1 meeting- §§6,000, nd, the toll amounts house, and a settled minister. annually to about $700. There are here 2 saw-mills and In the revolutionary war t grain-mill. this town lost 23 of its inhabitants. Suncook River has the source of its northern branch \ Success, an unsettled town- in a pond, which forms part of ship in Coos county, incorpo- the boundary between Gilman- rated in 1773, and bounded N. ton and Gilford, and passing by Cambridge, E. by the Dis- through the easterly part of trict of Maine, S. by Shel- Gilmanton, it receives the two burne, and N. W. by M aynes- Suncook ponds and also Small's borough, comprising 29,813 pond near the line of Alton. acres. It thence enters Barnstead, In this town rises Narmar- where it passes through two gungoi'Vaek river from a pond other ponds of its own name, about 350 rods long and 225 and receives the waters of wide, near the line of the state. Half moon and Brindle ponds. Live river also has its source Just below these ponds it re- in this town. ceives a branch from Barring- ton, called Little Suncook riv- Sugar River flows from er, and another from Wild the west side of Sunapee lake, goose pond in the northeast and passing westerly into New- part of Pittsfield. It thence port, receives several branches flows through Pittsfield into from the north, and thence en- Epsom where it receives an tering Claremont, falls into eastern branch from Suncook Connecticut river five or six pond in Northwood. From miles below Cornish bridge. this junction it flows 8 or 10 It is in contemplation to unite miles through Epsom and be- this river with the Contoocook tween Allenstown and Pem- by a canal, (see Sunapee lake.) broke, and empties its waters into the Merrimack Y miles Sullivan, a township in below Concord near the Cheshire county, was incorpo- southern extremity of Al- rated in 178*7, and contains 5 16 lenstown. There is a great inhabitants of mills on this riv- ; bounded N. by variety Gilsum and Stoddard, E. by er and its branches. (See Stoddard and Nelson, S. bv Pembroke.) GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 199

Sunapee Lake lies partly pike passes from Chester to in Wendell,(Cheshire county,) Keene. and partly in Fishersfield, Rev. B. Dalling, the first (Hillsborough county.) It is minister in this place, was set- eleven miles long and about tled in 1788. Rev. P. Howe one mile and a half wide. Its is the present minister. There outlet is on its west side through is here one religious society Sugar river. and a meeting-house, 2 grain- A canal has been contem- mills, 2 saw-mills, 1 clothing- plated to connect the Connec- mill, 1 carding-machine, 1 dis- ticut and Merrimack river,and tillery, and 2 trading stores. this lake has been proposed as the reservoir, it being situated SuTTON,a township in Hills- on the height of land between borough county, was incorpo- the two rivers. It now dis- rated in 1784, and contains its Su- inhabitants charges waters through 1328 ; bounded N. gar river into the Connecticut. by New-London, E. by Kear- This would undoubtedly be the sarge Gore and Boscawen, S. western course of the project- by Warner and Bradford, and ed canal, but as to its eastern W. by Fishersfield, comprising route there are differences of 24,300 acres, 280 of which are opinion. The most advantag- water. Long pond in this town eous course has been said to be is 350 rods long and 80 wide. through Herrick's cove and Hazertspondis about 150 rods Small pond in its vicinity, and in diameter. A branch of thence through Keazer's pond Warner's river flows through near the north meeting-house this town. in Sutton, and thence through Kearsarge mountain extends Steven's brook into Warner's almost over the whole length river, which empties into the of Sutton on its west side. Merrimack. Kearsarge hills are also in the same part of the town. On Surry, a township in Ches- these high lands and in the hire county, incorporated in meadows at their feet are found 1769, and now containing 564 beds of excellent clay. Here inhabitants bounded also are found ; N. by quarries of Alstead, E. by Gilsum, S. by stones remarkable for their Keene, and W. by Westmore- shape and qualities. They are land and Walpole, comprising prepared with little labour for 7,917 acres. hearths, &c. Ashuelot river flows through The soil in this town presents this town, and is here between all the varieties of productive- and 100 80 feet wide. There ness and sterility ; and,though is one pond in this town,which the surface is diversified with is near the summit of a moun- a continued succession of hills tain, Through Surry the turn- and vales, and is often rough 200 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. and mountainous, excellent and 100 rods wide. Ashuelot crops of wheat are raised here, river in its passage through as well as the other staple pro- this town has a breadth of 6 ductions of the state. or 8 rods. The branch turn- In 1798, a mineral resemb^ pike crosses the northeast ex- in ling black lead was found tremity of the town. this town, and it has been as- There are here 3 religious certained to produce a dura- societies, 2 meeting-houses, 2 slate col- small a cotton ble and handsome villages, factory^ our. distillery, carding-machine, 4 The principal road passing grain-mills, 12 saw-mills, and through Sutton is from Hop- 3 clothing-mills. kinton to Dartmouth college. Rev. T. Harrington was the The prevailing sect here are first minister of this town. He baptists, over whom Elder S. has been succeeded by Rev. Ambrose was ordained inl782. Messrs. Carpenter and God- Elder Taylor is also settled in dard. Elder Cutler is the on- this town. There are here 2 ly minister here at present. meeting-houses, 3 grain-mills, 2 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills, Swift River has its source 1 carding-machine, and 3 trad- among the mountains in the ing stores. ungranted lands northwest of The annual average number Whiteface mountain, and 6 or of deaths in this town for the 8 miles from Sandwich. It last 10 years has been 12. Two takes an easterly course through persons lately died here, one Burton into Conway, where it over 99, and the other overlOO empties into Saco river. There years of age. is another small river of the same name in Tamworth. Swamscot River is the Indian name of Exeter riv- T. er as far as the head of the tide, which is in the compact Tamworth, a township in settlement of the town of Exe- Strafford county, was incorpo- ter. (See Exeter.) rated in 1766, and contains

1134 inhabitants ; bounded N. SwANZEY,atownshipinChes- by Burton, E. by Eaton, S.by hire county, was incorporated Ossipee, and W. by Sandwich, in 1753, and now containsl400 comprising 28,917 acres. Bear river is the inhabitants j bounded N. by Camp only Ksene, E. by Marlborough and considerable stream in this Fitzwilliam, S. by Richmond, town. This has an easterly ar, ;] W. by Winchester and course into Ossipee pond. The Chesterfield : its area is 28,057 rapidity of its current in times acres, 200 of which are water, of freshets renders it almost Swanzey pond is 1 mile long useless for the purposes of GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 201 mills. Swift river in this town meeting-house, 4 grain-mills, is a fine stream and affords 3 saw-mills, and 1 fulling-mill. many valuable mill seats. A Rev. S. Webster was ordain- nail factory and a carding-ma- ed here in 1771, and Rev. No- chine are erected on it. Con- ah Miles, his successor, in way river falls into Bear Camp 1779. river near the centre of Tam- worth. It has its source in Thornton, a township in Burton and passes through Grafton county, was incorpo- Conway pond. This is also a rated in 1781, and now contains valuable stream for mills. 794 inhabitants ; bounded N. A few rods from the meet- and N. W. by Peeling, N. E. ing-house in this town, is a re- bv Thornton's Gore, S. bv markable rock called ordina- Campton, and W. by Ells- tion rock, it being memorable worth. Its area including as the place where the Rev. S. Thornton's Gore is 28,490 a- Hidden was ordained Septem- cres. This Gore is bounded ber 12th, 1792. Its summit E. by ungranted lands, and N. was sufficiently large to accom- W. by Lincoln. Pemigtwas- modate the minister and the set river flows through this whole of the council. There town from north to south. The is in Tamworth a large church main road from Lancaster to and society under the pastoral Plymouth passes through charge of Mr. Hidden. There Thornton* There are here 2 is also a free-will baptist soci- religious societies and 1 meet- ety here under Elder Web- ing-house, in which Rev. E. ster. There are in this town Esterbrook was the first or- 9 school-houses. j.g. dained minister.

Temple, a township in Hills- Tuftonborough, a town- borough county, was incorpo- ship in Strafford county, was rated in 1768, and contains 941 incorporated in 1795, and now inhabitants ; bounded N. by contains709inhabitants; bound- Greenfield, E. by Lyndebor- ed N. W. by Moultonborough, ough and Wilton, S. by New- N. E. by Ossipee, S. E. by Ipswich and Mason, and W. Wolfeborough, and S. W. by by Sharon and Peterborough, Winnipiseogeelake,comprising comprising 13,700 acres. Sev- 24,390 acres. eral streams which fall into Beach pond is on the line of Sowhegan river, rise among this town, about 250 rods long the mountains in the westerly- and 100 wide. Hale pond and part of this town. The prin- Linious pond are also in this cipal road from Amherst to town : the latter is near Win- Peterborough passes through ter Harbour bay. this town. There is here 1 Near the southwest extrem- congregational society and 1 ity of this town, Melvin's riv- 26 202 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

from Moultonbor- er, passing Sugar river in the easterly part ough, falls into the Winnipi- of the town. The 2d N. H. seogee pond. There is here a turnpike passes through this baptist, methodist, and congre- place to Claremont, and also a gational so- iety. Thtre are 2 very direct road from Goshen saw-mills and 2 grist-mills in to Charleston. There is here this place. a society of baptists and anoth-

er ofmcthodists ; each of them U. has a meeting-house. There are in this town 2 grain-mills, Lake. The 5 1 Umbagog up- saw-mills, clothing-mill, this lake is in the per part of and 1 distillery. District of Maine, and only a small is in this state,in the W. part » towns of Errol and Cambridge. On the eastern line of New- Wakefield, a township ht Hampshire it is 2700 rods Strafford county, lying on the long. It extends into Errol eastern border of the state. It about 300 rods, and about the was incorporated in 1774, and same distance into Cambridge. now contains 11 66 inhabitants; From northeast to southwest bounded N. W. by Effingham its whole length is about 20 and Ossipee, E.by the District miles. In some places it is of Maine, S. E. by Milton, 10 miles wide, and in others and W. by Brook field and not more than 100 rods. Its Middleton. LoveWs pond outlet is on its westerly side in is the largest in this town, and the town of Errol, and its wa- lies on its northeast sHe. It ters flow into Margallaway is 700 rods long and 275 wide. river. Province pond is about 450 rods long and 400 wide. Pine Unity, a township in Ches- River pond is abour 100 rods hire county, was incorporated long and 100 wide. There in 1764, and in 1810, it contain- are several others of a smaller ed 1044 inhabitants ; bounded size. The principal branch of N. by Claremont and Newport, Piscataqna river has its source E. by Goshen, S. by Lemp- in this town, (see Salmon river.) ster and Acworth, and W. by The soil of this place is gen- Charleston, comprising 24,446 erally good, but it is more fa- acres. The line which sepa- vourable for mowing and graz- rates this town from Acworth, ing than for tillage. There is crosses Cold pond, leaving a- here a baptist and a congrega- bout 150 acres of it in Unity. tionalist society. Rev. Asa Perry^s mountain lies in the Piper, the firsr minister in the southwest part of the town. place, was ordained in 1785. Little Sugar river rises near There is here a meeting-house, this mountain, and a branch of a cotton factory, a carding-ma- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 203 ehine, 5 grain-mills, 3 saw- bridge in this town at Bellows* mi Us, 3 fulling-mills, and a falls and another about 375 Bellows' handsome village containing rods above ferrv. A several stores. turnpike from Charleston to LoveIPs pond in this town Keene, and another from Wal- derived its name from Capt. pole upper bridge to Keene, Jotin Lovell of Dunstable, pass through this town. Cold who, in the year 1725, being river falls into the Connecticut ©n a scouring expedition in a little below Fall mountain* this quarter, with a company There is in this town only 1 ok 40 men, attacked by night religious society and 1 meet- a party of Indians, whom they ing-house. The first settled found encamped by the side of minister here was the Rev. a pond. Lovell and his Leavitt, and the pre- companions surprised the ene- sent pastor is the Rev. P. my, who were eleven in num- Dickerson. There are here 4 ber, and by his dexterous grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 2 full- movements destroyed the whole ing-mills, 1 cotton factory, and party. 2 carding-machines. Robert Macklin, a remarkable instance of longevity, died Warner, a township in in Wakefield in 1787, at the Hillsborough county, was in- age of 115. He was born in corporated inl774, and inlSlO, Scotland, and lived several contained 1838 inhabitants; years in Portsmouth in the oc- bounded N. W. by Sutton, cupation of a baker. H<- fre- Kearsarge Gore, and Salisbury, quently walked from Ports- N. E. by Boscawen, S. E. by mouth to Boston (66 miles,) Hopkinton and Henniker, and in one day arid returned in S. W. by Bradford and Sutton, another. This journey he comprising an area of 27,57 1 performed at the age of 80. acres. This town was formerly cal- a in Walpole, township led Almsbury ; and Warner Cheshire county, was incorpo- river, which passes through it rated in 1752, and now con- was called Almsbury river. tains 1894 inhabitants ; bound- This river is the central branch ed N. by Langdon, E. by Al- of the Contoocook, and a large, stead and Surry, S. by West- number of streams fall into it moreland, and W. by the west- as it passes through this town ern bank of Connecticut river. and through a part of Bosca- Its area is 24,301 acres. wen into Hopkinton. In the northwest part of the There are here 3 religious town is Fall mountain, extend- societies and 2 meeting-hous- ing from Charleston about 550 es. Rev. William Kelly was rods to Bellows' falls, and about ordained in this town in 1772, 250 rods beyond. There is a and died in 1813. The present 204 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ministers aretheRev. J.Woods ster, comprising an area of and Elder E. Wilmarth. There 30,760 acres, 1,550 of which are in tins place 7 grain -mills, are water. There are here no 11 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills, less than 20 ponds. Through 2 carding-machines, and 5 the centre of this town,a ridge stores. No town in the state of mountains extends from N. has better grazing land than to S. on the summit of which a Warner. branch of the Contoocook has its source. A branch of the Warner's Location, in Ashuelot rises in a pond in the Coos county, is bounded N. N.part ofthe town near Sunapee by ungranted lands and Mount mountabi. The Croydon and Royse, E. by the District of 2d N. H. turnpikes meet near Maine, and S. by Chatham and the meeting-house in this place. ungranted lands : it contains Washington was formerly call- 2000 acres. A stream which ed Campden. There are here empties into Cold River pond 3 religious societies and 1 passes over the easterly side meeting-house. Rev. George of this location. Leslie was settled here in 1779, and Rev. C. Page is the pres- Warren, in Grafton county, ent pastor. There are in was incorporated in 1763, and Washington 2 grain-mills, 3 inhabitants 1 1 contains 506 ; saw-mills, clothing-mill, bounded N. by Coventry, E. carding-machine, 2 distille- by Peeling and Ellsworth, S. ries, 2 oil-mills, and 3 trading by Wentworth, and W« by stores. Piermont, comprising an area of 27,720 acres. The wester- We are, a township in Hills- ly branch of Baker's river flows borough county, was incorpo- through Warren from Moose - rated in 1764, and now con- hillock a mountain, and large tains 2630 inhabitants j bound- part of Carres mountain lies in ed N. by Hopkinton and Hen- the eastern part of the town, niker, E. by Dunbartori and and over its southeast extrem- Goffstown, S. by New-Boston, ity the Coos turnpike passes. and W. by Deering and Fran- There is here 1 grain-mill and cestown, comprising an area of 3 saw-mills. 33,648 acres. A principal branch of Pis- Washington, in Cheshire cataquog river passes through county, was incorporated in this town. Near the centre of 1776, and contains 820 inhab- Weare is Mount William. Rev. itants ; bounded N. by Go- Amos Wood was ordained shen, E. by Bradford and here in 1789, and was suc- Hillsborough, S. by Stoddard, ceeded by Rev. John Cayford. and W. by Marlow and Lemp- Elders H. Buzzel and S. To- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 205

the hie (pabtists,) and S. Streeter tist, was first settled minis- (an universaiist) at present of- ter in this town. ficiate in this town. * There are here 5 religious Wentworth, in Grafton societies and 3 meeting-houses, county, was incorporated in 7 grain-mills, 8 saw-mills, 3 1766, and contains 645 inhabit- 1 ants clothing-mills, cotton-facto- ; bounded N. E. by War- ry, 4 carding-machines, 2 dis- ren, S. E. by Rumney, S. W. tilleries, 1 oil-mill, and 5 trad- by Dorchester, and N. W. by ing stores. Orford, comprising an area of 22,522 acres. The north and Wendell, a township in south branches of IJaker's riv- Cheshire county, formerly call- er unite in this town, and Pond ed Saville, was incorporated brook, flowing from a small in 1781, and contains 447 in- pond on the line of Orford, habitants. It is bounded N. falls into the northern .branch. by Springfield, E. by Sunapee In the N. E. part of the town lake, which separates it from is a part of Carr's mountain. New-London and Fishersfield At Aiken's bridge, which is in Hillsborough county, S. by thrown over the north branch Goshen, and W. by Croydon of Baker's river there is a and Newport, comprising 15, small village, containing 10 or 666 acres, 2,860 of which are 12 houses, &c. There is in this water. About acres of town 1 4 , 2,720 meeting-house, grain- Sunapee pond are in this town, mills, 5 saw-mills, 1 fulling- and form a noble sheet of wa- mill, a carding-machine, and a ter. Here is the principal distillery. source of Sugar river* Frem the southern extremity of the West River Mountain. pond in Fishersfield to the N. (See Chesterfield.) W. point of the north bay the distance is 7 miles. This is Westmoreland lies on the length of the pond from N. Connecticut river in the north to S. There are three small part of Cheshire county. It ponds here containing 140 a- was incorporated in 1752, and cres. The outlet of Sunapee contains 1,937 inhabitants ; pond'is little more than 2 miles bounded N. by Walpole, E. by south of the centre of the towi;. Surry and Keene, S. by Ches- The whole pond contains terfield, and W. by Connecti- 4,095 acres. Sugar river flow- cut river, which separates it ing from it has a westerly- from Putney in Vermont. Its course into Newport. There area is 22,446 acres. There are in Wendell 3 corn-mills, 4 are here 5 religious societies saw-mills, and 1 clothing mill. and 3 meeting-houses, 2 of Elder N. Woodward, a bap- them for baptists and the oth- 206 GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMP3HIR&. erfor congregationalists. The caster passes over the west part Rev. W. GoddarcJ was the first of the town. From the N.W. minister of the place. Elders extremity of Whitefield to Bailey and Pratt have been his Connecticut river the distance successors, both of whom still is about 4 miles. officiate. There is in this town a pleasant village, 5 grain- White Mountains. These mills, 6 saw-mills, 2 clothing- mountains were first explored mills, an oil-mill, 2 distilleries, by Walter Neal and some oth- and 4 trading stores. ers in 1631, who described them as a ridge extending a Wheelwright's Pond is in hundred leagues, on which the N. part of Lee and forms snow lay the whole year. They the source of Oyster river. visited them with the hope of This pond is memorable for finding precious stones, and the battle which was fought having picked up something near it in 1690, between a like crystal, this was sufficient scouting party of Indians and to give the ridge the name of two companies of rangers un- Crystal hills\ Dr. Belknap, der Capts. Floyd and Wiswall, (the historian of New-Hamp- the engagement lasted 2 hours. shire) describes these moun- Wiswall, his lieutenant, ser- tains in the following manner; geant, and 12 men were killed The White mountains are the several were wounded. most elevated of a 4 and part ridge , Floyd continued the fight, till which extends N.E. and S.W. his men, wearied and wound- an immense distance. The ed, drew off and forced him to area of their base is an irregu- follow. The enemy also re- lar figure, the whole circuit of treated, without carrying off which is not less than 60 miles. the wounded of our party. The number of summits within this area cannot be ascer- Whitefjeld, an irregular tained at present, the countfy township in the S. W. part of around them being a thick the Coos county, containing by the wilderness ; greatest num-

last census 51 inhabitants ; ber can be seen at once from bounded N. W. by Dalton and Jefferson on the N. W. side. Lancaster, E. by Jefferson^ S. Here seven summits appear at by Bretton Woods, and S. W. one view, of which four are by Bethlehem in Grafton coun- bald. Of these, the three high- ty, comprising 20,800 acres. A est are the most distant, being part of Roundpond and sever- on the eastern side of the clus- al others lie in this town, from ter, one of these is the moun- each of which John's river retain, which makes so majestic ceives a tributary stream as it an appearance all along the passes to Dalton. The main shore of the eastern counties road from Plymouth to Lan- of Massachusetts. It has late- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPS HIRE. 207

\y received the name of Mount Having surmounted the Washington. To arrive at the upper and steepest precipice, foot of the mountain there is a there is a large area called the continual ascent of 12 miles plain. It is a dry heath, com- from the plain of Pigwacket, posed of rocks covered w r ith which brings the traveller to moss and bearing the appear- the height of land between the ance of a pasture in the begin- Saco and Ameriscoggin rivers. ning of winter. In some open- At this height, there is a level, ings between the rocks, there about a mile square, part of are springs of water, in others which is now a meadow and dry gravel. Here the grous was formerly a beaver pond, or heath birds resort and are having a dam at each end. generally out of danger. The Here, though elevated more Sugar-loaf which stands on than 3000 feet above the level this plain is apyramidalheap of of the sea, the traveller finds grey rocks, which in some plac- himself in a deep valley. On es are formed like winding the east is a steep mountain steps. This pinnacle has been out of which issues several ascended in an hour and a half. springs of clear water, one of The traveller having gained which is the source of Ellis the summit, is recompensed for river, (a southern branch of his toil, if the sky be serene the Saco) another is the foun- with a most noble and ex- tain of Peabody river (a north- tensive prospect. On the S. ern branch of the Ameriscog- E. side, there is a view of the gin.) From this meadow to- Atlantic ocean, the nearest ward the west there is an un- part of which is 65 miles dis-> interrupted ascent in a ridge tant on a direct line. On the between two gullies, to the W. and N. the prospect is summit of Mount Washington. bounded by the high lands, The eastern side of the which separate the waters of mountain rises in an angle of the Ameriscoggin and Con- 45 degrees, and requires 6 or 7 necticut rivers from those of hours of hard labour to ascend Lake Champlain and the St. it. Many of the precipices Lawrence. On the S. it ex- are so bald, as to oblige the tends to the southernmost moun traveller to use his hands as tains of New-Hampshire, com- well as his feet, and to hold prehending a view of Lake by the trees, which diminish in Winnipiseogee. On every side size till they are mere shrubs of these mountains, are long and bushes above these ; are winding gullies, beginning at low vines bearing red and blue the precipices below the plain, berries. The uppermost veg- and deepening in the descent. etation is a species of winter In the winter the snow lodges in grass, mixed with the moss of these gullies and being driven by rocks. the N.W.and N.E.winds from 208 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHlRfc. the top, is deepest in those on when two hunters passed is ob- the southerly side. It through it. It is now part of served to lie longer in the a road to Coos and Canada. spring on the S. than on the N. This gap lies from Ports- W. side. mouth N. 20° W. 90 miles During nine or ten months, on a direct line, and from these mountains exhibit more Concord 4° E. 70 miles. or less of that bright appear- These mountains are in lat- them the itude 15' ance, which gives ap- 44° N. ; and the line pellation of white. In the of perpetual congelation in that spring, when the snow is partly latitude, as deduced from ob- dissolved, they have a pale servations made in Europe, is blue complexion, approaching 7,872 feet above the level of a sky colour, while at the dis- the sea. From the greater tance of eight miles, they have coldness of American lati- the proper colour of rocks. tudes, this point in them must These changes are observed fall short of the above estimate. only by people, who live in The altitude therefore of the constant view of them, and White mountains cannot be sup- from these facts and observa- posed more than 7,800 feet tions, it may be concluded, above the level of the sea. that the whiteness of them is These mountains are surround- wholly caused by the snow. ed by settled towns, except In the western pass of these about 8 miles on the east side mountains is a remarkable between Adams and Shelburne. pass called the notch, the nar- Mount Washington is 82 miles rowest part of which is but 22 on a direct line from Ports- feet wide, between two per- mouth N. 17° W. and from pendicular rocks. Portland N. 55° W. and from From the height above, a Boston 120 miles N. 3° W. brook descends and meanders The following additional through a meadow, which was particulars are extracted from formerly a beaver pond. It is an account published in the surrounded by rocks, which on Medical Journal, by a party of one side are perpendicular and gentlemen from Boston, who on the other rise in an angle visited these mountains in July, of 45 degrees, forming a strik- 1816, for the purpose of scien- scene. It is tific observation. ingly picturesque u about 40 rods through this gap In the United States, ex- and then the land resumes its clusive, or possibly inclusive, level appearance. of Louisiana, the highest point This defile was known to or ridge of land is undoubtedly the Indians, who formerly led that of the White mountains their captives through it to in New-Hampshire. From the Canada, but it was forgotten earliest settlement of the coun- or neglected till the year 1771, try these mountains have at* GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 209 " tracted the notice of the inhab- Within the last 40 years the White mountains have ltants, and of mariners along been ascended the coast, by the distance at repeatedly by the different and which they are visible, and exploring parties, of their whiteness of their appearance several accounts productions and have during three quarters of the phenomena for a been The of year. They were long published. object this is to detail such ob- time the subject of fabulous re- paper the Indians had servations as were made by a presentations ; of from who visit- a superstitious dread them, party Boston, and travellers who occasional- through the thick clouds for a g(»od their re- ly ascended summits, space, and within 4 miles of the top, clouds but cold turned with exaggerated reports tlrey had no very By the way amoi g the rocks, there were of the difficulty and distance, two ponds, one a blackish water, and well as of the as strange pro- the other reddish. The lop of all was ductions found on the more plain, about 60 feet square. On the elevated of their surface. north side was such aprecipice as they parts could discern the bottom. u The earliest account of an scarcely They had neither cloud nor wind on mountains ascent of the White the top, and moderate heat. All the about him seemed a ex- is given in Gov. Winthrop's country level, cept here and there a hill rising above and appears to have Journal, the rest, and far beneath them. He in the 1642. taken place year saw to the north, a great water which This account is somewhat cu- he judged to be 100 miles broad, but could see no land beyond it. The sea rious, if not otherwise, at least by Saco seemed as if it hud been with- for its antiquity.* in 20 miles. /He saw also a sea to the eastward which be judged to be the of *"One Darby Field, an Irishman, gulph Canada ; he saw some great waters in to the living about Piscat, being" accompani- parts wesUvard,which ed with two Indians, went to the top he judged to be the great lake Canada of the White Hill. He made his jour- river comes out of. He found there His relation at could rive ney in eighteen days. much Muscovy glass, they his return was, that it was about 160 out pieces 40 feet long, and 7 or 8 miles from Saco, that after 40 miles broad. When he came back to the travel, he did for the most part ascend ; Indians, he found them drying them- and within 12 miles of the top, was selves by the fire, for they had a great neither tree nor grass, but low savins, tempest of wind and rain. About a which they went upon the top of some- month after, he went again with five or times, but a continual ascent upon six of his company, then they had some rocks, on a ridge between two vallies wind on the top, and some clouds above filled with snow, out of which came them, which hdthe sun. They brought two branches of the Saco river, which some stones which they supposed had met at the foot of the hill where was been diamonds, but they were most an Indian town of some 200 people. chrystal."— Winthroffs Journal, p. 247. " Some of them accompanied him within The relation of Darby Field, may- 8 miles of the top, but durst go no fur- be considered as in the main correct, after reasonable ther, telling him that no Indian ever making deductions dared to go higher, and that he would for the distance, the length of the die if he went. So they staid there Muscovy glass, and the quantity of wa- till Lis return, and Ma two Indians ter in view, which it may be suspect- took courage by his example and went ed has not been seen by any visitor with him. They went divers times since his time." 27 210 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ed them in the beginning of the Pondcherry mountain. It lies for most of the July, 1816. way u These mountains are situ- through thick woods but rare- ated in lat. about 44° 15' N.and ly enlivened with the appearance of cultivation. long. 71° 20' W. from Green- At Play- wich. They are distant about stead's house, 13 miles from 150 miles from Boston. Their their base we had a fair view Indian name according to Dr. of the White Hills. They presented the Belknap, was Agiocochook. appearance of a con- u Our approach to them was tinued waving range of sum- made from the northwest,com- mits, of which it was difficult mencing at the town of Lan- to select the highest. At Rose- the caster, a village situated on brooks, 4£ miles from the Connecticut river,25miles from notch, the view of them was their base. From this town very distinct and satisfactory. a road has been cut, passing We could now clearly discern through a gap of the mountains the character of the summits, to Portland, and constituting five or six of which were en- bald and the the principal outlet of the Coos tirely presented the of a and country. This road takes appearance grey rag- course of the Israel's river, a ged mass of stones towering branch of the Connecticut, above the woods, with which the sides and base were cio;h- passing between the Pliny mountains on the left and the ed. In several places we ob- Pondcherrv mountain on the served a broad continued stripe of Lancas- the mountain and right. Tne village descending ter is situated in a valley sur- having the appearance of a reg- rounded in several directions ular road cut through the trees and rocks from by very elevated ridges of land. near the base A number of the summits in to the summit of the mountain. not be On these with a sight of this place could examining tel- estimated at less than 3000 escope they were found to be of feet in height, judging from channels streams, and in the water the experience we had acquir- several, could be ed of several hills of known seen dashing down the rocks. " altitude on the road, and the Between Rosebrooks and accounts given by the inhabit- the notch is a plain, or rather ants of the time necessary for a swamp, the waters of which their ascent and descent, pass off in different directions, " The road from Lancaster partly to the Amonoosuck, a branch of the and passes through Jefferson, (for- Connecticut, merly Dartmouth) Bretton partly by an opposite course Woods, and Nash and Saw- to the Saco. After crossing to the notch of several brooks towards yer's locations, running the mountains. This road in the former, we came to an- of jts course runs over the foot of other stream, the water GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMFSRIRE. 211

which was so sluggish that it interest and wonder than the some time to become of this required scenery natural gap. satisfied that it was actually The crags and precipices on in direc- both flowing the opposite sides rise at an angle of tion. This stream has its ori- great steepness, forming a sup- in a of one or two or gin pond port basement for the lofty acres, situated near the road, and irregular ridg-s above. and having no other inlet One of the most picturesque or outlet. This pond appears objects in our view was a cliff to be the principal source of presenting a perpendicular face the Saco river. of great height and crowned at " The waters of this stream its inaccessible summit with a being collected from several profusion of flowering shrubs.* sources proceed directly to- For many miles below the ward the side of the mountain. commencement of the notch At the point where to all ap- the eye meets on both sid':& a be pearance they must inter- succession of steep and precip- cepted in their course, there itous mountains, rising to the occurs one of the most extra- height of some thousands of ordinary features of the place, feet, and utterly inaccessible well known by the name of the from the valley below. The notch. The whole mountain, sides of these mountains con- which otherwise forms a consist in seme parts of bald tinued is here streaked range, cloven rock, or variegated down quite to its base, afford- by the trickling of water, in ing a free opening to the wa- others they are covered with ters of the Saco, which pass off trees and shrubs. The occa- with a gradual descent toward sional torrents formed by the the sea. This gap is so nar- freshets in the spring have in row that space has with diffi- many places swept away the culty been obtained for the stones and trees from their road, which follows the course course, for a great distance, of the Saco through the notch and left the vestiges of their eastward. In one place the way in a wide path or gully o- river disappears, being lost in ver naked rocks. " the caves and crevices of the In some instances the fire rocks, and under the shelves had run over the sides of the of the adjuining precipice, at mountain, destroying the vege- length reappearing at the dis- tation and leaving the dead tance of some rods below. The trunks of the trees standing like notch gradually widens into a stubble in a field, and pre- long narrow valley, in the low- senting a singular appearance er part of which is situated of desolation for some miles in the town of Bartlett.

"There is no of the moun- * part Rhodora Canadensis, in full flower tain more calculated to excite June 20th. $12 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. extent. Several brooks, the under growth of bushes, for tributaries of the Saco, fall six miles. The walking was down the abrupt declivities, tolerably good r except the cir* forming a succession of beauti- cumstance of being obliged ful cascades in sight of the once or twice to ford the road. We were told that the streams. Our encampment for wind sweeps through the notch the night, was made at the St times violence. with great mouth of New river, a princi- The lightning is said to strike pal branch of the Ellis. This frequently in the mountains river takes its name from the from the clouds about their recency of its origin, which sides, and the sound of the happened in October, 1775. thunder in this place is repre- At this time, during a great sented as unusually loud and flood, ihat took place in con- severe. The report of a mus- sequence of heavy rains, a ket discharged in the notch, large body of waters, which was followed by a long echo, hid formerly descended by reverberated for some time oiher channels, found their from both sides of the moun- way over the eastern brink of tain. the mountains, and fell down " The White Hills have been toward the Ellis, carrying the ascended by various routes, rocks and trees before them in from their different sides. The their course, and inundating course which is usually con- the adjacent country. By this sidered as attended with the freshet the banks of the Saco least difficulties^ is that which were overflowed, cattle were commences at the plain of Pig- drowned, and fields of corn wacket, at present the town of were swept away and destroy- Conway,and follows the course ed. Since that period, the of Ellis river, a northern New river has remained a con- branch of the Saco, having its stant stream, and at the place origin high in the mountain. where it descends the last prec- u The place of leaving the ipice, forms a splendid cascade road, to follow the track of of 100 feet in height. " this stream is in the town of From this encampment, Adams about 20 miles from which was seven miles from the summit of the highest part the top of the mountain, we of the mountain. Of this dis- proceeded the next day, (July tance seven or eight miles may 2,) two or three miles by the be rode over on horseback, side of Ellis river, on a grad- the rest must be performed on ual ascent, occasionally encum- foot. After leaving the bor- bered by the trunks of fallen ders of cultivation, our course trees. We now left the Ellis, lay through thick woods, on a for one of its principal branch- level or with a gentle ascent, es, called Cutler's river, lead- not much encumbered with an ing directly towards the princi- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 21? pal summit. -After climbing half a mile, which must be bv the side of this stream for performed by cautiously step- a considerable distance, the ping from one rock to another, trees of the forest around us as they present themselves like began to diminish in height, irregular stairs, winding on the and we found ourselves at the broken surface of the moun- second zone or region of the tain. In the interstices of these mountain. This region is en- rocks were occasional patches tirely covered with a thick low of dwarfish fir and spruce, and growth of evergreens, princi- beautiful tufts of small alpine the black and sil- shrubs, then in full flower. pally spruce, " ver fir, which rise to about the Having surmounted this height of a man's head, and height we found ourselves on put out numerous, strong, hor- a second plain. Thi* like the izontal branches, which are first, was covered with wither- closely interwoven with each ed grass, and a few tufts of other, and surround the moun- flowers. Its continuity is in- tain with a formidable hedge a terrupted by several decliv- quarter of a mile in thickness. ities, one of which we descend- This zone of evergreens, has ed to our left, to reach a brook always constituted one of the that crosses it here^ from the most serious difficulties in the rocks above. There remained ascent of the White Hills. The now to be ascended only the passage through them is now principal peak, the One desig- much facilitated by a path cut nated in Winthrop's Journal, by the direction of Col. Gibbs, by the name of the Sugar-loaf, who ascended the mountain and in Belknap's New-Hamp- some vears since. shire, by the name of Mount "On emerging from this, thick- Washington, This we accom- et, the barometer stood at 25, plished in half an hour, by 93, giving our elevation above climbing the ridge to the north at the sea, 4,443 feet. We of it, and walking on this ridge were now above all woods, and to the summit. at the foot of what is called " If the traveller could be the bald part of the mountain. transported at once to the top It rose before us with a steep- of this mountain, from the ness surpassing that of any country below, he would no ground We had passed, and doubt be astonished and de- presented to view a huge, lighted at the magnitude of his dreary irregular pile of dark elevation, at the extent and va- naked rocks. riety of the surrounding scene- "We crossed a plain or gentle ry, and above all, by the huge slope, of a quarter of a mile, and desolate pile of rocks, ex- and began to climb upon the tending to a great distance in side. There was here a con- every direction beneath him, tinued and laborious asceat of and appearing to insulate him 214 GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIAMi'&HlilB.

" from the rest of the world. But Our anticipations were not the length and fatigue of the realized, in regard to several approach, the time occupied in phenomena, we had been the ascent, the gradual manner taught to expect at the sum- in which the prospect has been mit. The state of the air was unfolding itself, are circum- mild and temperate, so that the stances which leave less novel- over coats which we carried up ty to be enjoyed at the summit, in expectation of extreme cold, than at first view of the sub- were left at the foot of the last ject, would be expected. ascent. The thermometer stood "The day of our visit was un- at 57^ Fahr. on the summit at commonly fine, yet the atmos- 12 o'clock, and on the same phere was hazy, and our view day at Conway, 25 miles dis- of remote objects, was very in- tant, on the plain below, it was distinct. The Moosehillock, at 80. The snow lay in patch- one of the highest mountains es of an acre in extent upon of New-Hampshire, situated in the sides, but appeared to be Coventry, near the Connecti- rapidly dissolving. We were cut, was visible on the south. not conscious of any material The Kearsarge, Double-head- alteration in the density of the ed mountains, and several oth- atmosphere, as neither sound ers were in full view at the nor respiration were percepti- east. The country around in bly impeded. Instead of an almost every direction, is un- absence from these barren re- even and mountainous. Its gions, of animal and \'egetable is described life found a multitude of appearance by ; we in his ** Rarities of around the Josselyn, p insects, buzzing in rocks stone New-England," published highest ; every was 1(10% who says that the coun- covered with lichens, and some try beyond the mountains to plants were in flower in the the northward, "is daunting crevices, within a few feet of terrible, being full of rocky the summit. " hills, as thick as mole hills in a The ascent from our en- clcthed with in- at the mouth of meadow ; and campment finite thick woods."* New river, including stops, had employed us six hours and

* " Messrs. J. W. and F. Boott, who Vermont, W. by S. a little S.—Sebago have visited ttV- mountains since, and lake S.E. 3 E. McMillans Inn.Conway, found the atmosphere very clear on S. bv E. \ E.—The second highest the summit at half past 7 A. M. have summit of the White hills N.N.E.by E. favoured me with the following1 bear- This summit is separated from the one ings of objects in sight. The sea, sup- called Mount Washington, by a gulph posed near Portland S.E. by E. —Lake opening eastwardly. It is very lofty, Winnipiseogee S. S. W. —A long hill falling but little below a horizontal having an eminence at each extremity, line obtained by a level on the former said by the guide to be the highest in place. GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 215 a half. The descent from the ice, visited the mountam come summit to the same place, oc- years since, and took barome- cupied about five hours. We trical observations on several left on the mountain our names of the principal peaks. His and the date, inclosed in a observations now in possession bottle, and cemented to the of Professor Farrar at the highest rork.* University, give to the high- " Height of the White Moun- est summit an elevation of tains. The great distance at only 6103 feet. w which these mountains are visi- A mountain barometer, of ble, and the apparent length of Englefield's construction, car- their ascent, have led to esti- ried by Mr. Gray of our party, mates of their height consider- stood on the summit at noon the at 23 the ably exceeding probable 24, ; accompanying truth. The Rev! Dr. Cutler, thermometer being at 57. At who twice visited them, and the same day at Cambridge, took barometrical observa- the barometer stood at 29, 95, tions computes the height in and the thermometer at 76. round numbers, at 10,000 feet This difference of the barome- above the level of the sea. Dr. ter, after making the necessa- Belknap, in his history of ry corrections for temperature, New* Hampshire, is persuaded, and variation in the surface of that this computation is too the cistern, would give, ac- moderate, and that subsequent cording to Sir H. C. Engle- calculations will make the field's formula, a difference of height even greater. Mr. Bow- 6230 feet in the altitude of the ditch has published in the two places. A logarithmic transactions of the American calculation was made, from Academy, a logarithmic cal- the same data, by Professor culation founded on the barom- Farrar, which resulted in a eter, as observed by Dr. Cut- difference of 6194 feet. This ler and Professor Peck, in number being added to 3 1 feet, 1804, which gives them an el- the height of Cambridge above evation of 7,055. the sea, will give 6225 feet, " Capt. Partridge, an engin- which may be assumed as the eer in the United States' serv- ^probable height of th& White Hills, above the waters of the * Paroe, viator, ocean. cui fulmina parcent.— " In favour of the correctness Hoc fragile monumentum Lemuel Shaw, of the observations on which Nathaniel Tucker, this is it Jacob Bigelow, computation founded, Frauciscus C. Gray, may be observed, that the ba- Franciscus Boott, rometer was of the Bostonienses ; employed Die Julii 2do. A. D. 1816, most approved and modern Monte Agiocochook superato, construction, a-* hio reliquerunt. being guarded 1216 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE-

ex- gainst accidents with an gationalists, over which Rev* press view to its use in expe- J. Livermore was ordained in that it ditions of this sort ; 1763, and removed in 1777. went and returned without in- Rev. A. Fisk was ordained in jury; and at the end of the 1778, and Rev. T. Bedee, the journey agreed with other in- present pastor, in 1803. There struments at the University, are here 4 grain- mills, 4 saw- precisely as it had done before mills, 2 carding-machines, and its removal. 2 trading stores. u In confirmation of the present estimate, it may also be ob- Wilmot, a township in served, that a geometrical ad- Hillsborough county, was in- measurement, taken by Dr. corporated in 1807, and con- the Shattuck, and others from tains 298 inhabitants ; bounded plain in front of Rosebrook's N. W. by Springfield, N.E.by house, gave to the summit an Danbury, New-Chester, and elevation of 4620 feet above Andover, S. E. by Kearsarge that place. This being added Gore, and S. W. by Sutton and to 1648,the barometrical height New-London, comprising 14, ©f Rosebrook's above the sea, 780 acres. will give a total of 6268 feet, This town was in 1807, set differing only 43 feet from our off from New-London and estimate. Kearsarge Gore* A branch of u W.Maclure,Esq. author of Blackxuater river has its source tile geological map of the in this town and flows through United States, informs me,that it. There are here several from two geometrical admeas- mills. urements made some years since on the eastern and wes- Winchester lies in the S. the he tern sides of mountain, W. part of Cheshire county : arrived at results nearly simi- it was incorporated in 1753,

lar," and contains 1478 inhabitants $ bounded N. by Chesterfield WiLTON,a township in Hills- and Swanzey, E. by Swanzey borough county, was incorpo- and Richmond, S. by Warwick, rated in 1762,and containsl017 (Mass.) and W. by Hinsdale, inhabitants N. ; bounded by comprising 33^534? acres, 600 Lyndeborough, E. bv Milford, of which are water. S. by Mason, and W.by Tem- In Winchester is Humphreys* ple : its area is 15,820 acres. pond, 200 rods long and 80 This town is watered by sever- wide. Ashuelot river, in its al branches of Sowhegan riv- passage through this town, re- er, wkich unite near its easter- ceives Roaring brook and sev- ly extremity. eral other streams. The 6th There is here 1 meeting- N. H. and the Ashuelot turn- house and 1 society of congre- pikes pass through Winchester* GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 217

There are in this place 3 re- containing each 50 or 60 acres, ligious societies and 2 meeting- The 2d N. H. turnpike cross- houses. Rev. M. Lawrence es the northern extremity of was settled here in 1764, and the town. Rev. E. Conant in 1788. There are here 4 grain-mills, 9 saw- Winnipiseogee Lake is mills, 3 clothing-mills, 1 card- the largest body of water in ing-machine, 1 cotton factory, New-Hampshire, bting 22 2 distilleries, and 2 stores. miles in length from S E. toN. W. Its breadth is very une- Windh^am, in Rockingham qual, but in no place more than county, was incorporated in 8 miles. Some very long points 1741, and contains 742 inhabi- of land project into this lake, N. London- and it contains several islands. tants ; bounded by derry, *E. by New-Salem, S. The surrounding mountains by Pelham,and W. by Notting- give rise to many streams which ham West and Londonderry : flow into it. From the S. E. its area is 15,744 acres. One extremity of this lake called half of Policy pondlies in this Merry-Meeting bay, to its N. town, and the other half in W. point called Centreharbor, it is rods and there is in Salem ; 420 long good navigation the 600 summer and a road in the 140 wide ; Cabbo pond good Bite- is rods long and 100 wide ; winter, which much travelled lite, Golden, and Mitchell's by the people of the adja- ponds and other smaller ones cent towns. The lake is froz- are in this town. Beaver riv- en about 3 months in the year. er forms the western boundary Trout are caught here weigh- of Windham. The London- ing from 5 to 25 lb. Cusk derry turnpike crosses the eas- are also caught here. The wa- tern extremity of the town. ters of this lake are about 470 There is here 1 meeting-house, feet higher than the tide wa- in which the Rev. ters of Dover river. Johnson was ordained in 1760. Rev. J. Kinkeed, S. Williams, Winnipiseogee River is and the present minister Rev. the stream through which the S. Harris, have succeededhim. waters of the above lake flow There are in this place several into Merrimack river. It is- mills and stores. sues from the southwestern arm of the lake at a place Windsor, in Hillsborough which is remarkable for the county, contains 238 inhabi- number of fish caught there. tants, and is bounded W. by It then opens into Long bay Cheshire county, N. by Hills- between Meredith and Gilford, borough, and S. by Antrim, thence through a lesser bay to comprising 5,335 acres. There Meredith bridge, thence be- are here several small ponds, tween Gilmanton and Sanborn- 28 2.18 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ton into Sanbornton bay, which by Ossipee., S.E. by Brookfield is about 7 miles long and 3 wide, and New-Durham, and S. W. This river divides Sanbornton by Alton and lake Winnipiseo- from Gilmanton, and flows be- gee, containing 28,600 acres, tween Sanbornton and North- 400 of which are water. Smith's- field to Pemigewasset river, pond, 1050 rods long and 556 (which see.) The whole dis- wide, in the southeast part of tance from the lake to this the town, discharges its waters junction with the Pemigewas- westerly through Crooked riv- set river is 20 miles. It is in er into the lake. There are contemplation to cut a canal here several other large ponds, from the lake to Merrimack, viz. Crooked, Rust's, Baaton'sy the waters of the lake being and Sargeant's ponds. At a about232 feet higher than those place called Smith's bridge of the Merrimack, and about there is a small village contain- 438 feet higher than those of ing several mills, stores, &c. Charles river, where the Mid- Rev. E. Allen, a congrega- dlesex canal empties into it. tionalist, and Elder Townsend, It cannot be doubted that these a baptist, were the first ordain- canals would benefit the sur- ed ministers in this town. They rounding country by facilitate were both ordained on the 25th ing the transportation of its of October, 1792. Elder productions and enhancing the Townsend is still in office, value of its lands* There are in this town 2 meeting-houses, 8 school-houses, 4 Winniconett (commonly grain-mills, 4 saw-mills, 1 called Winnicot) river, rises in clothing-mill, and 1 carding- a large swamp in Hampton, machine. A family of the and after a northerly course name of Blake were the first through a part of Strdtham in- who moved into this town. Mr. to Greenland, it meets the tide- Blake and wife are still living, waters about 200 feet from the At the foot of a hill which Great bay. stands on the bank of one of the ponds in this town, there is a WoLFEBOROUGH,inStrafford spring strongly impregnated county, was incorporated in with a mineral substance which 1770, and in 1810, contained is said to give the water a N. similar to those of the 1376 inhabitants ; bounded quality W. by Moultonborough, N.E. Saratoga springs. j.g.o. part in.

Topographical asd Statistical tables alphabetic allt arranged ; shewing the coubse and distance on* a dibect line from pobtsmouth, concobd, boston, and pobtland. also, the number of miles by the roads commonly TBAVELLED NUMBER OF NEAT CaTTLE ASD HOBSES ; TO WHICH IS ADDED THB proportion fob taxes in 1775, and 1812—number of inhabitants is 1775— Towns havtng a Post-Office—-number of miles to the city of Washing-

ton ; and Topographical Remarks.

TABLE I. —Shewing the Couhse and Distance on a direct line fbom Ports-

mouth and Concord ; also, the number of miles by the boads commonly

TRAVELLED ; Towns having a Post-Office ; and the number of Inhabitants IN 1775.

Course and Distance from Course and Distance Portsmouth. from Concord.

•°'S Towns. Counties. Bearings. i. 9 Bearings. £ 5 13 s Ac >\\j; ttl Chesiure 76 X. 80 W. 95 36 A

Towns.

Columbia Coos Concord Rocking-. Concord Grafton Conway Strafford Cornish Cheshire Coventry Grafton Croydon Cheshire Daltpn 'CoOS Danbury Grafton Deerfield Rucking Deering Hillsboro' D.xville • '(MS Dorchester Grafton Dover .Strafford Dublin C'.esh.re Dummer COOS Dunbarton Hillsboro' Dunstable do. Durand 2oos Durham Strafford

1 East-Kingston Rocking . Eaton Strafford Effing-ham do. Ellsworth Grafton Enfield do. Epping- Rocking-. Epsom do. Errol Coos Exeter Rocking-. Farming-ton Strafford Fishersfield Hillsboro' Fitz wdliam Cheshire Francestown Hillsboro' Franconia Grafton Gilford Strafford Gilmanton do. Gil sum heshire Goffstown !,!lsboro' Goshen 'hesh.re Gosport flocking-. Grafton Grafton Greenfield Hillsboro' Greenland R >cking\

•Groton Grafton ,

Hampstead Rocking-," Hampton do. Qampton FA\s do. Hancock HiHsboro' Hanover Grafton Haverhill clo. Hawke Rocking. Hebron Grafton Henniker Hillsboro' Hillsborough do. Hinsdale Cheshire Holderness Grafton Hojlis Hillsboro Hopkmton do. Cheshire Course and Distance Course and Distance from Course and D istancg Portsmouth. from Con co rd. a c.S o — o — Towns. Counties. Jl Bearings. M 2 Bearings. •J V 531 u 5=3 Having Post-Office.

Pembroke Roekmg. N. 75 W. 40 6 jS. 57 E. 7 Peterborough Hillsboro' 59 S. 80 W. 70 29 iS. 43 W. 40 Piercy Coos 104 K. 14 W. 145 90 !n. 54 e 135 Piermont Grafton 87 N. 43 W. 120 55 N. 23 W. 75 Pittsfield Rocking. 31 N. 60 W 36 12 N. 68 W. 16 Plainfield Cheshire. 80 N. 64 W 100 42 NT. 56 W. 55 Plaistow flocking. 22 S. 49 W- 29 34 S. 41 E. 40 Plymouth Grafton 64 N. W. 70 35 N. 12 W. on Poplin Rocking. 19 S. 73 W. 24 26 S. 52 E. 33 Portsmouth do. 40 S. 75 E. 45 Raymond do. 21 S. 85 W. 27 21 S. 50 E. 25 Richmond Cheshire 78 S. 77 W. 88 47 S. 52 W. 70 Rindge do. 65 S. 70 W. 79 39 S. 39 W. 50 Rochester Strafford 18 N. 35 W. 22 27 N. 84 E. 40 Roxbury Cheshire 71 S. 84 W. 88 37 S. 62 W. 45 Rumney Grafton 71 N. W. 90 41 N. 16 W. 50 Rye Rocking. S. 4 W. 7 41 S. 69 E. 51 Salem do. 30 S. 52 W. 40 34 S. 27 E. 40 Salisbury Hillsboro' 52 N. 63 W 60 14 X. 33 W. 17 Sanbornton Strafford 51 N. 52 W. 59 20 X. 6 W. 21 Sandown Rocking. 23 S. 70 W. 29 26 S. 41 E. 31 Sandwich Strafford 61 N. 32 72 41 N. 8 E. 52 Seabrook Rocking. 13 S. 26 W. 17 40 S. 55 E. 50 Sharon Hiltsboro' 60 N. 75 W. 75 OO S. 37 W. 48 Shelburne Coos 88 K. 10 W. 120 78 N. 15 E. 123 Land S. Society Hillsboro' 57 88 W. 70 22 S. 52 W.\ 33 Somersworth Strafford m N. 26 W. 15 34 E. 45 South-Hampton Racking. 164 S. 40 W. 18 37 S. 50 E.| 50 Springfield Cheshire 69 3SH 64 w. 81 29 N. 51 W.j 36 Stewartstown Coos 129 N. 11 1 W. 170 115 X. 5 E.'i60 Stoddard Cheshire 65 N. 88 W. 85 29 S. 74 W. 45 Stratford Coos 115 N. 16 W. 140 98 X. 2 E.iiso Stratham Rocking. 7h S. 67 W. 11 35 N\ 64 E.| 43 Success Coos 95 N. 7 W. 145 86 N. 17 E.143 Sullivan Cheshire 71 N. 89 W. 94 35 S. 69 W. 48 Surry do. 77 W. 106 40 S. 73 W. 64 Sutton Iillsboro' 60 X. 70 W. 70 20 N. 64 W. 25 Swanzey Cheshire 76 S: 81 W. 90 44 S. 58 W. 6u Tamworlh Strafford 59 N. 25 W. 63 44 S. 17 E.I 60 Temple Hillsboro' 56 S. 75 W. 70 30 S. 31 W.j 45 Thornton Grafton 71 35 W. 81 45 N. 5 W. 55 Tuftonborongh Strafford 47 30 W. 53 34 N 25 E. 50 Unity Cheshire 75 76 W. 95 32 N. 79 W. 50 Wakefield Strafford 35 20 VV. 42 35 N. 49 E- 55 Walpole. Cheshire 81 S. 8 \V. 105 43 S. 79 W- 60 Warner Hillsboro' 55 N. 73 W. 63 13 N. 77 W. 13 Warren Grafton 80 N- 41 W. 105 50 N. 16 W 65 Washing-ton Cheshire 66 N- 82 W. 81 27 S. 86 W. 36 Weare Hillsboro' 47 N. 87 W. 55 12 S. 43 W. 14 Wendell Cheshire 66 N. 69 W. 85 27 N. 64 W. 40 Wentworth Grafton 77 N, W. 100 45 X. 22 W. 58 Westmoreland Cheshire 84 S. 87 W. 106 48 S. 70 W. 65 Whitefield Coos 96 N. 23 W. 140 76 X. 120 Wilton Hillsboro' 52 S. 74 \V\ 60 28 S. 24 W. 42 Wilmot do. 63 64 W. 70 23 N. 48 W. 30 Winchester JhesJiire 83 78|W. 93 52 S. 57 W. 73 Windham Rocking/ 31 56 W. 40 32 S. 22 E. 46 Windsor H tlsboro' 61 82 W. 75 24 S. 73 W. 30 Wolfeborough Strafford 41 27 W. 50 «9 X. 38 E. 50 TABLE II.

SHEWING THE NUMBER OF MILES BY THE ROADS COMMONLY TRAVELLED, A.VH COURSE AND DISTANCE, ON A DIRECT LINE FROM BOSTON AND PORTLAND, TO THE CEN- TRE of each Township in New-Hampshire.—Also the distance to theCitt of Washington bt the Roads,—And Topoghaphical Remarks.

Course and Distance from Course and Distance Boston. from Portland.

OS .3^ o — If Towns. Counties. Bearings Bearings. ~ , Topographical 3 u Remarks. «*-s * * Acwortli Cheshire 82 "5 92 104 75 W 150 592; Adams Coos 118 V 2 W 144 5. 56 W 70 6441 White Hills Alexandria Grafton 88 N 13 W 95 76 S 87 W 109 595 A liens town 66 Rocking. 55 N 16 W 68 58 W 82 568] On Mer. riv. Alatead Cheshire 78 N 50 W 95 108 72 W I4d 5951 Alton Strafford 72 N 5 W 98 52 75 W 75 598 Amherst Hillsboro' 42 N" 39 W 48 87 52 W 115 548 Andover do. 79 N 24 W 86 75 89 WJ121 586|Pem. river Antrim do. 63 N43 W 75 95 65 W 130 575 Contoo. riv. Atkinson Rocking. 30 N 7 w 40 72 40 W 95 540 Mass. line T Barn stead Strafford 65 \ 7 w 80 54 63 W\ 76 580 Barring-ton do. 56 N 1 E 7G 51 55 W 60 570 T Bartlett Coos 114 N 2 W 140 56 N 55 Wj 65 640 Saco river Bath Grafton 128 N 18 W 150 92 N 67 W 110 650 Con. river Bedford Hdlsboro' 43 N 30 W 50 80 S 53 W 104 550 Mer. river Bethlehem Grafton 128 N 11 W 180 80 N 60 W 120 680.Cow.Amk.r-. Boscawen Hillsboro' 69 N" 24 W 70 {3 S 73 W I08 570 Mer. river Boston, New do. 50 37 W 58 85 S 58 W 120 558 Bow Rocking. 54 23 W 68 74 S 60 W 100 568 Mer. river Bradford Hillsboro' 72 37 W 80 90 S 73 W 128 580 Brentwood Rocking. 40 3 E 50 61 S 42 W 75 550 Bretton Woods Coos 130 N 7 W 170 / 3 X 55 W 90 670 Bndgewater Grafton 90 N 19 W 95 72 S 87 W 125 595 Pern, river S Brookiield Strafford 78 N 93 4° 78jW SO J593 Brookline Hillsboro' 38 N 50 W 47 93 S 50 W 11.5 '547 Mass. line Burton Strafford 106 N 4 122 55 N 71 W W :522|

! N no Cambridge Coos 150j N 202 7t 32 W ; 702; Maine line Campion Grafton ioo:n 14 W 115 N 81 \Y 81 515 Pern, r.ver Canaan do. 98 N 27 W 108 I 86 W 10C '608

S / .? Candia Rocking. 46 N 13 W 55 ! 67 53 w 555

Canterbury do. 69 N 17 W 75 i 67 S 73 w 90 '575 Mer. river Centreharbor Strafford 96 N 13 105 64 N 88 \\ 70 605 W !

! 60 Chatham Coos 116N 1 E .57 50 N 55 W 65 7; Maine liae Charleston Cheshire 87 N 47 W 105 '109 S 77 W 148 605 Con. river Chester Rocking. 42 N 16 W 48 71 52 VV 86 548 Mer. river Chesterfield Cheshire 77 K 62 W 90 121 66 W 164 590 Con. river Chichester Rocking. 60 N 15 W 85 63 3 65 W 85 585 Claremont Cheshire 90, N 40 W 100 105 S 81 W 147 BOO Con. river Colebrook Coos 168 N 5 W 215 98 NT 34 W 140 715 On Con. riv. Columbia do. 164 N 5 W 212 97 37 W 14'. 715] Con. river

*** In the topographical Remarks,—Con. is for Connecticut rivu—Mer. fur Merrimack river— Amin. for Ameriscogcjin river—Amk. for Amonoosuck rivir— Pein. for Peniigtwassct river— Sal. for Salmon Fall river—Pis. for Phcataqua river— Mass. for Massachusetts SC&U- liner Course and Distance from Course and Distance Boston. from Portland. S3 Qj a c a O 60 oys a c Towns. Counties. Bearings. - 00 vj Topographical Remarks. !i «s -a Concord Rocking. 60 X 22 W 65 70 S 66 W 100 565 Mer. river Concord Grafton 128 Nf 15 W 165 85 N 64 W 108 665 Low. Amk.r. Conway Strafford 107 N 130 47 N 61 YV 55 630 Saco river Cornish Cheshire 95 N 39 W 110 100 S 85 W 160 610 On Con. riv. Coventry Grafton 118 N 18 W 135 84 N 72 W 105 635 Croydon Cheshire 89 N36 YY 96 95 S 83 YV 155 596 Dalton Coos 137 N 10 W 200 85 N 55 YV 125 700 Con. river T Danbury Grafton 86 N 25 W 95 80 S 85 W 109 595 Deerheld Rockintr. 51 10 W 65 60 s 56 YV 70 565 Deermg Hillsboro' 60 39 W 78 90 s 65 W 120 578 Contoo. riv. Dixville Coos 167 N184VV 206 95 N 30 YV 150 706 Dorchester Grafton 103 N 32 W 114 85 N 88 YV 95 614 Dover Strafford 53 N 10 E 70 45 S 48 YV 50 570 Dublin Cheshire 60 N 53 W 72 104 S 62 YV 150 572 Dummer Coos 151 Nisnv 205 81 N 37 YV 130 705 Amm. river Dunbarton Hillsboro' 54 N 27 YV 65 77 S 62 W 110 565 Mer. river Dunstable do. 33 N 39 YV 38 87 S 45£YV 11 538 Mer. river Durand Coos 135 N YY 195 71 N 47 YV 110 695 Durham Strafford 49 N E 60 50 S YV 55 560 Great Bay East -Kingston Rocking. 35 N E 42 62 S 37 VV 82 542 Eaton Strafford 100 N W 121 45 N70 YV 5: 621 Maine line Effingham do. 90 N E 112 41 N 81 YY 40 612 Maine line Ellsworth Grafton 107 N 17 W 120 75 N 77 YV 85 620 Enfield do. 95 N 29 YV 106 90 S 88 W 130 606 N S YV Epping Rocking. 44 5o 58 65 553 Lamprey r. i ^ ( VV I 62 YV Epsom do. 57 72 62 7 : 57% Errol Coos 158 6 yv 235 84 N 30 YY 160 735 Maine line Exeter Rocking. 40 9 E 48 58 S 38 YY 74 548 Fannington Strafford 66 N 80 46 S 65 YV 65 580 Fishersfield Hillsboro' 76 N 36 YV 105 90 S 76 YY 140 605 Fitzwilliam Cheshire 59 N 62 W 72 Ho s 59 YV 152 572 Mass. line Francestown Hillsboro' 55 N 40 YY 62 90 S 62 YV 128 562 Franconia Grafton 124 N 11 \V 165 76 N 63 YV 106 565 Gilford Strafford 80 NlljW 95 57 S 83 VV 90 596 YVinni. pond Gilmanton do. 73 Nll^YV 86 60 75 VY 8o 586 YVinni. river Gilsum Cheshire 73 N 43 VV 9l 108 69 W 16u 590 Goffstown Hillsboro 49 N 27 V, 56 77 57 YY 95 556 Mer. river Goshen Cheshire 80 N 38 Y\ 88 95 76 YY 142 588 Gosport Rocking. 45 N 30 E 49 S 22^ YV Grafton Grafton 81 N 26 W 10U 84 S 87 VV 120 600 55 N VV S Greenfield Hdlsboro' I 94 61 YV 140 574 On Contoo.r. Greenland Rocking. 44 N 15 E 5 52 S 36 YV 65 555 Great Bay Grot on Grafton 99 N 23 YY 120 80 N" 86 VV 92 620 Hampstead Rocking. 33 N 10 Y\ 4C 71 S 43 YV 82 540 L Hampton do. 37 N 17 5- 57 S 32 Y\ 72 550 On the Sea Hampton Falls do.' 36 N 15 E U 59 S 33^YY 76 546 The Sea Hancock Hillsboro' 6o N 47 tV 98 S 63 VV 120 575 On Contoo.r. T 104 N 29 W 95 N" 88 Y\ Hajfcover Grafton 155 618 On Con. riv. Haverhill do. 122 N 20 YY i.;>s 90 N 72 YV 112 638 Con. river Hawke Rocking. 36 N 3 V\ 4 65 S 42 YV 85 545 Hebron G rat ton 95 N 20 \\ 100 76 N 88 YY 88 600 Kenn.ker Hillsboro' 65 N 34 YY 7" 84 S 69 YY 116 572 On Contoo.r.. Hillsborough do. 67 N 39 YY 8( 90 S 69 YY 130 580 On Contoo.r. Hinsdale Cheshire 77 N 66 YV O: 126 S 62 YV 175 590 Con. river Boidtrness Grafton 94 N 14 AY 115 6^ .V 85 YY 80 615 Pern, river Hollis Hillsboro' 3 N W 42 9o 3 48 YY i20 547 Mass. line Hopkinton do. 63 N 28 AY 70 78 S 674 \V 107 570 Contoo. riv. Jail rev Cheshire 57 N 57 YY 60 106 8 59 YY 150 560 Jefferson Coos 135 N 6 W 180 75 N 50 YY 100 680 Israel's river t Course and Distance from Course and Distance Boston. from Portland.

s £•3 o 5f s " at © — » Towns. Counties. Bearings. Bearings. 2 Topographical V Remarks. 3.3 5 "3 Keene Cheshire n N 56 W 80 113 S 65 W 15* 58u Kearsarge Gore Hillsboro' 75 N 29 W 90 81 S 77 V 125 590 Kensington Rocking. 36 N 9 E 40 61 S 36 VV 78 540 Kilkenny Coos (38 N 5 VV 205 78 N W 110 705 Up. Amk. r. Kingston Rocking. 36 N 2 E 44 G4 S 40 VV 72 544 Lancaster Coos 142 N nv 185 84 N 49 VV 110 685 oon. river Landaff Grafton 123 N IS W 160 84 N 67 VV 113 660 Langdon Cheshire 83 V 50 VV IOC 110 S 74 VV 157 600 Con. river Lebanon Grafton 101 N 30 W 114 98 W ll« 614 Con. river Lee Strafford 49 N 2 E 59 53 S 47 VV 9 559 Lernpstes Cheshire 80 N 42 W 90 99 S 75 VV 145 590 Lincoln Grafton 117 N 13 •% 106 76 N 67 VV 112 006 Litchfield Hillsboro' 35\N 30 w 4 81 S 48 VV IOC S4J Mer. river Littleton Grafton 135 N 13 VV 170 86 N 60 W 105 670 Con. river Londonderry Rockiner. 35 N 20 W 38 76 S VV 100 18 Loudon do. 64 N 16 \\ 82 64 S 67 VV 80 58- Lyman Grafton 13. N 17 VV 165 93 N 63 VV 120 665 Con. river Lyme do. 97 N 26 W 126 91 N 85 V 120 626 Con. river Lyndeborough Hillsboro' 48|N 43 VV 58 91 S 57 VV 123 558 Madbury Strafford 52! s 8 E 67 47 48 W 54 567 Manchester Hillsboro' 43 N 23 W 4b 74 S 53 VV 96 548 On Mer. riv. Marlborough Cheshire 64 X 57 VV 76 110 S 6^ VV 58 576 Marlow do. 77 :'N 47 W 9-: 104 S 71 VV 150 595 Mason Hillsboro' 42 N 58 VV 50 96 S 52 VV 130 55u Mass. line Maynesborough Coos HOjN 2 VV 195 73 N 43 W llo 695 \mm. river Meredith Strafford 85|N 14 W 93 64iS 88 VV 80 593 Winnipis. r. Merrimack Hillsboro' 38 N 34 VV 40 83 IS 50 VV 100 540 On Mer. riv. M-ddleton Strafford 73, N 83 42 'S 75 VV 50 588 Milford Hillsboro' 41: N W 4c 90S 58 V\ 100 548 Milton Strafford 70N 2 E 85 40S 49 VV 60 585 Sal, river M :lkiield Coos 158 N HVV 200 87;N 34 VV 110 700, Moult Strafford 93 8 VV 59 S onborough ; N 120 85 W 6 620

Mount-Vernon Hillsboro' 45 N 39 V. 52 1 87S 55 V 128 552

New-Castle Rocking. 47 : N" 22 E 60j 44 S 31 VV 66 560 An Inland New-Chester Grafton 84 N 23 901 75 S 83 VV 101 590 On Pern, riv, New-Durham Strafford 71 N w 85f 47 S 60 VV 60 585 New-Grantham Grafton 93IJJ 33 W no! 94 S 86 VV 155 610 New-Hampton Strafford 88 N 17 VV no 69S 88 V 75 !6'0 Pem. river Newington Rocking. 48 N 14 E 57 49 S %7 V 6. 1557 Pis. river New-Ipswich Hillsboro 46 N 34 VV 55 102.S 55 V 133 J555 Mass. line New-London do. 82 N 31 W 90i 88 S 80 W i 2 590 Newmarket Rocking. 44 N 8 E 58, 55 S 42 W 50 558 Exeter river Newport Cheshire 85 N 37 \> 100 97 S 80 VV 18 ,60'J Newtown Rocking, 31 N 2 E 40' 67 S 37 V 86 j 540 Mass. line Northfield do. 73 X 18 VV 79 68 S 77 V 112 1579 Mer. river Northampton do. 40£ :n 16 E 55, 54 S 33£tV 70 555 Sea Northumberland Coos 147 N 6 VV 195! 87l K VV tl8 695 On Con. riv. Nortliwood Rocking 56 N 6^VV 66, 58 S 58 VV 70 ! 566 "Nottingham do. 49 N 2 W 60\ 56 S 50 VV 70 560 Nottingham Wes t Hillsboro' 30 N 34 VV ,->5i S3 S VV 110 535 Mer. river Grafton 94 N 24 VV 105' SI 605 Orange | w 129 Orford do. 112X24 \V 126 90 N 34 VV 120 626 Con. river Ossipee Strafford 88 |N 2 VV 10i 47 N 85 VV 50 604 Ossipee Gore do. 96 N 1 VV 118 45' N 75 VV 45 618 Packersfield* Cheshire 65 a 50 w 80 103 S 65 VV 185 580 JPauisburgh Coos 145 IN 1 VV 195 75 N 40 VV 110 695 On Amm. r. Preimg Grafton fl3[N 15 W 120 76 N 72 VV 8, 620' On Pem.riv. Pelkam Rocking 26 N 27 W 33 82 S 41 VV 96 533! Mass. line Pembroke do. 56;N 19 W 59, 68,'S 62 W 90 559 On Mer.riV. 1 * Now Nelson. 23 Course and Distance from Boston.

Towns. Counties,

Peterborough Piercy Pievmont Pittsfielil Plaifrfield Plaistow Plymouth Poplin Portsmouth Raymond R rhmond II ridge R. Chester Roxbuzy Rumney Rye Salem Salisbury Sanborn ton Sandown Sandwich Seabrook Sharon Shelburne Society Land Somers worth South-Hampton Springfield Stewartstown Stoddard Stratford Stratham Success Sullivan Surry Sutton Swanzey Tamworthl Temple Thornton Tuftonborough Unity Wakefield Wuipole Warren Warner Washington Weare Wendell "Went worth Westir. inland Whit field Wilton Wdroot Winchester Windham Windsor Woiieborough Warner's Log*. r-i-* FABLE III.

An Alphabetical Table of the Towns is each Coc.vtt or New-Hampshire WITH THE NPMBER OF POLLS, PROPORTION OF TAXES IN 1775 AND 1812, NUM- BER of Horses over four years old, number of neat Cattle over, two YEARS OLD, NUMBER OF ACHES OF GjHUARB—ALSO, THE NUMBER OF SHEEP AR FAR AS THEY HAVE BEEN OBTAINED.

Comity of Rockingham.

Towns. County of • 1

££CO O County of " oo ^ a O 2 *"* O u A Hillsborough .2 £° of 1.9 € °— 5; CO # |i 5 U Towns. Si i 2 o, g.«h c3« £^ IAcres £ * d. 8 * Dunstable 175 5 3 2 3,47 69 173 260 72 Fishersfield^ 102 2 11 2,49 85 154 223 332 Francestown 248 5 2 7,00 192 404 553 741 Goffslown S05 7 17 7 6,60 219 434 505 537 Greenfield 166 4,12 123 214 404 525 Henniker 307 6 8 o 7,91 259 378 620 985 Hillsborough 297 4 9 4 7,10 243 327 601 874 Hollis 253 9 2 5,32 128 321 453 520 Hopkinton 372 12 19 7 11,70 289 464 850 940 Hancock 198 2 11 6 5,08 175 582 507 799 Kearsarge Gore 19 10 6 0,39 9 16 37 44 Litchfield 74 3 4 1,97 46 110 142 153 Lyndeborough 185 8 11 3 1,43 136 221 385 481 Manchester 107 2 10 4 2,32 45 162 147 123 Mason 170 6 2 8 4,01 98 184 347 421 Merrimack 182 5 12 9 3,83 111 227 301 317 Milford 182 4,30 109 226 350 403 Mount-Vernon 162 0,0 i 87 148 266 288 New-Boston 257 7 5 9 7,17 214 410 560 776 New-Ipswich 241 9 14 7 6,35 176 230 521 532 6 New-London 123 2 11 J 3,10 111 152 296 322 Nottingham West 190 7 10 3 4,73 112 282 426 466 Peterborough 288 7 7 6,75 220 297 557 769 10 4 Salisbury 310 9 10,02 264 407 734 909 Sharon 61 1,6« 45 86 146 180 1 Society Land 28 4 10 0,65 20 23 43 60 Sutton 218 2 10 10 5,01 169 225 463 545 Temple 139 4 18 7 3,44 107 167 377 373 Warner 307 4 18 7 7,32 202 325 607 747 Weare 456 12 14 7 12,07 349 606 901 1360 Windsor 49 1,23 36 58 106 108 Wilmot 69 1,56 42 67 64 494 Wilton 173 7 19 6 4,47 146 193 481 416

County of Cheshire.

Acworth 268 3 14 10 7,42 251 453 628 1010 Alstead 292 6 18 5 9,11 276 393 160 846 Charleston 265 8 11 8 r,u 116 338 547 Chesterfield 364 11 16 7 8,25 278 323 679 840 n Claremont 378 9 O 10,84 350 361 711 939 Cornish 291 5 17 7,88 227 294 577 810 Croydon 151 4 16 7 4,09 156 148 376 300 Dublin 219 5 8 6 5,77 167 288 545 732 Fitzwilliam 5 17 10 5,78 175 279 504 685 Gilsum 100 1 15 7 2,13 79 94 202 240 Goshen 97 2,36 77 108 180 279 Hinsdale 139 3 1 9 2,50 91 97 162 258 JaflTrey 239 7 12 5 6,53 182 154 596 765 Keene 303 9 19 9 8,34 210 261 577 608 n 1 0,0 Langdon 107 11 • >,£.) 98 145 266 540 Lempster 162 3 1 10 4,05 148 226 347 500 Marlborough 205 4 17 2 4,75 156 261 470 680 Mariow 105 1 18 3,15 89 175 281 390 County of Cheshire. of for County 00 1775. U f-H Grafton. in |.g 1000/.

Towns. T»

Taxes Proportion

Warren 97 Wentworth 137

County of Coos.

Adams 30 Bartlett 50 Bretton Woods 2 Cambridge Chatham 40 Columbia 32 Colebrook 49 Dalton 45 Dixville Dummer Durand 9 Errol 4 Jefferson 37 Kilkenny 2 Lancaster 130 Maynesborough Millsfield Northumberland 36 Paulsburgh Piercy 34 Stratford 55 Shelburne 35 Stewartstown 25 Success Whitefield 12 « > €

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