AIDR Major Incidents Report 2019–20
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Major Incidents 2019–20 Report An overview of major incidents that have involved the fire and emergency services sector from July 2019 to June 2020 Department of Home Affairs The Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience (AIDR) is a Attribution disaster resilience knowledge centre. We develop, maintain and share knowledge and learning to support a disaster Where material from this publication is used for any purpose, resilient Australia. We work with government, communities, it is to be attributed to the developer as follows: Source: Major non-government organisations, not-for-profits, research Incidents Report 2019–20 (AIDR 2020). organisations, education partners and the private sector to enhance disaster resilience through innovative thinking, Contact professional development and knowledge sharing. Enquiries regarding the content, licence and any use of this AIDR is funded by the Australian Government Department of document are welcome at: Home Affairs through Emergency Management Australia. AIDR Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience is supported by its partners: the Australian Government, the Level 1, 340 Albert St, East Melbourne VIC 3002 Australasian Fire and Emergency Services Authorities Council Telephone: +61 (0)3 9419 2388 (AFAC) and the Australian Red Cross. Email: [email protected] Published by the Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience on behalf of Emergency Management Australia, Australian Disclaimer Government Department of Home Affairs. The Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience, in consultation © Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience 2020 with subject matter experts, exercises care in the compilation and drafting of this publication. However, the document and related graphics could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors and the information may not be appropriate to all situations. In no event shall the Australian Copyright Institute for Disaster Resilience be liable for any damages whatsoever, whether in an action of contract, negligence or The Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience (AIDR) encour- other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the ages the dissemination of information provided in this publica- use of or reliance on any of the information in this publication. tion. AIDR owns the copyright for all material contained in this publication unless otherwise noted. Where this publication includes intellectual property with copyright owned by third parties, the Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience has made all reasonable efforts to clearly label material where the copyright is owned by a third party. Wherever a third party holds copyright in material presented in this publication, the copyright remains with that party. Their permission is required to use the material. All material presented in this publication is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License, with the exception of: ▪ the Commonwealth Coat of Arms ▪ registered trademarks, including the Department of Home Affairs logo and the Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience logo ▪ materials specifically mentioned as not being provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License ▪ content supplied by third parties. Cover image: Queensland Fire and Emergency Services. II MAJOR INCIDENTS REPORT 2019-20 Foreword Disasters and disruptions provide an opportunity While there is a large focus on bushfire events, the report to learn. Distilling the causes and sharing also includes significant storm and tropical cyclone events. Communities experienced major impacts from flood and hail, experiences of what contributed to each which was reflected in substantial insurance claims. The report disaster, providing evidence or unpicking what also includes the role Australia played in the evacuation of happened, all provide important opportunities to citizens following the Whakaari/White Island volcano eruption. learn so that measures can be taken to reduce AIDR acknowledges the contribution of Damien Killalea the chance of the same thing happening again. Consulting in the development of this report, as well as the guidance provided by jurisdictional representatives from emergency service organisations and the Bureau of Profiling Australia’s Vulnerability 2018 Meteorology who formed the Major Incidents Report Steering Committee. AIDR also thanks its partners, the Australian This fourth edition of theMajor Incidents Report provides an Government Department of Home Affairs, the Australasian Fire overview of 19 events regarded as nationally significant by the and Emergency Services Authorities Council (AFAC) and the emergency management sector, across the 2019–20 financial Australian Red Cross. year. The report provides background information about each incident, the impact, the response to it and, where identified, observations to assist the emergency management and disaster Robert Cameron OAM resilience sectors identify key themes for improvement in Director General practice at a national level, across all hazards and jurisdictions. Emergency Management Australia Australia experienced a protracted bushfire season across several jurisdictions in 2019–20. The Black Summer bushfire events in New South Wales and Victoria have been combined into jurisdictional summaries to reflect the gravity of the events and provide an overview of observations from this period. MAJOR INCIDENTS REPORT 2019-20 1 Contents 1 4 12 Foreword National overview Storms, floods and blizzards SOUTH-EAST AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 2019 14 18 20 Bushfires Bushfires Bushfires NEW SOUTH WALES, JULY 2019 – QUEENSLAND, SEPTEMBER - VICTORIA, NOVEMBER 2019 - MARCH 2020 DECEMBER 2019 FEBRUARY 2020 24 26 28 Bushfires Thunderstorms Volcanic eruption SOUTH AUSTRALIA, NOVEMBER NEW SOUTH WALES, NOVEMBER WHAKAARI/WHITE ISLAND, NEW 2019 - JANUARY 2020 2019 ZEALAND - DECEMBER 2019 2 MAJOR INCIDENTS REPORT 2019-20 30 32 34 Bushfires Bushfires Tropical Cyclone Blake and PELHAM AND FINGAL, TASMANIA, AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY, Severe Tropical Cyclone Claudia DECEMBER 2019 - JANUARY 2020 JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2020 WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND NORTHERN TERRITORY, JANUARY 2020 36 38 40 Monsoonal floods Storms Hailstorms and heavy QUEENSLAND, JANUARY - NEW SOUTH WALES, JANUARY 2020 rainfall FEBRUARY 2020 VICTORIA, JANUARY 2020 42 44 46 Hailstorm Severe Tropical Cyclone Damien Heavy rainfall and floods AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, FEBRUARY NEW SOUTH WALES, FEBRUARY JANUARY 2020 2020 2020 48 50 52 Heavy rainfall and floods Floods Tropical Cyclone Esther SOUTH-EAST QUEENSLAND, SOUTHERN AND SOUTH-WEST NORTHERN AUSTRALIA, FEBRUARY - FEBRUARY 2020 QUEENSLAND, FEBRUARY - MARCH MARCH 2020 2020 MAJOR INCIDENTS REPORT 2019-20 3 National overview Across Australia in 2019–20, responses by front-line emergency operation and disaster recovery services, provided by state and territory agencies, was one of the most significant of modern history. Independent but concurrent natural hazard impacts and their compounding effects, followed quickly by the arrival of a pandemic and its sustained influence on Australia’s community and economy, required new levels of cooperation nationally and drew on a very broad range of services and capabilities from Australian Government agencies, including the Australian Defence Force (ADF). In the 2019–20 reporting period Australia experienced a range ▪ above-average rains in the early part of 2020 saw root-zone of severe conditions, influenced by the following factors: soil moisture return to near-average levels ▪ 2019–20 financial year was the sixth driest on record, 24 ▪ June 2020 was the third driest June on record for Australia, per cent below the long-term average this resulted in drying of the soil over much of southern ▪ rainfall for the 24-month period ending in June 2020 was Australia the second lowest for any 24-month period ending in June, ▪ Australian annual mean temperature has increased by slightly wetter than 1900–1902 during the Federation around 1.4 degrees Celsius since 1910 Drought ▪ positive-phase Indian Ocean Dipole in spring 2019 one of ▪ spring 2019 was Australia’s driest spring on record, and the strongest such events ever recorded December 2019 the driest December on record ▪ second consecutive below-average rainfall in the northern ▪ it was the third warmest financial year on record, and the wet season warmest 24 and 36-month period ▪ third marine heatwave on the Great Barrier Reef in five ▪ December 2019 was Australia’s hottest ever month. years in early 2020 ▪ 18 December 2019 was Australia’s hottest ever day and ▪ second-latest start to Australia’s tropical cyclone season on 17-24 December 2019 the hottest ever week record, with Tropical Cyclone Blake in early January, and a ▪ accumulated forest fire danger index (FFDI) for December late end with Tropical Cyclone Mangga in May. 2019 was the highest ever recorded in December over Source: (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, most of the country Hazard Preparedness and Response - National Decision Support ▪ root-zone soil moisture in December 2019 was in the Services, 17 July 2020) lowest 10 per cent of all Decembers since 1900 4 MAJOR INCIDENTS REPORT 2019-20 Australian Government activity ▪ Whakaari/White Island volcano eruption, New Zealand 9( December 2019) – EMA coordinated the repatriation to Through Emergency Management Australia (EMA), the Australia of 13 injured Australian citizens commencing from Australian Government coordinates support, collaborates the night