AXEL & Turbines Tailored Grease Technology for Your Most Demanding Applications AXEL & Wind Turbines

Market Introduction

Global growth over the last century has brought At AXEL, we understand that the key to productivity many benefits to the modern world. However, in is equipment reliability which in turn relies on recent decades, we have also become increasingly appropriate grease selection in combination with aware of the adverse impact such activity has had good lubrication management practices. on our environment. Our in-depth knowledge of grease technologies In the face of climate change and the depletion of and operational demands enables our team of naturally occurring fossil fuel reserves, the drive experts to develop products capable of enhancing to harness alternative, renewable and sustainable lubricant life and component protection under sources of energy for power generation is greater those conditions typically experienced during than ever. operations.

Of the industries that have emerged as a result, The benefits that follow include improved reliability, the wind turbine market is by far the largest and extended maintenance and reduced product among all industrial markets globally, one of the consumption, all of which contribute to greater fastest growing too. Therefore, in an increasingly operational efficiency. competitive market where reliability is key to continuous productivity, the lubrication of core moving components is essential for operational efficiency.

Furthermore, locations and often hostile conditions that are present as a result, in combination with the severe operating conditions within the turbine itself, perhaps highlight that, for this market more than most, lubricant protection that is both effective and enduring is invaluable for peace of mind. AXEL: Out of sight.

AXEL: Dedicated to Greases. Peace of mind. Differentiated for You. Market Driven Customised Wind Turbines: Technical Solutions Key Components

The key components within the wind turbine that are reliant on grease lubrication include: Market Focus, Dedicated Tailoring the Technology Solutions • The Main Shaft • The Pitch or Blade Bearing • The • The Generator Bearing At AXEL we recognise the important role that Within the wind turbine market, the operating the lubricant plays in maintaining the reliable conditions that have the greatest potential to operations of a wind turbine and avoiding the adversely impact grease performance and shorten costly impact of unplanned downtime. the life of core components are a combination of: Blades In order to develop the right grease, we must first · High loads and relatively low speeds making understand the operational environment in which hydrodynamic lubrication conditions more it is expected to perform. difficult to achieve with the increased potential for metal-to-metal contact Through a better understanding of the challenges · The potential for wide operating temperature that exist both within and outside the turbine, ranges, humidity and salt water ingress we are better positioned to develop tailored, depending on location of wind turbine performance-enhancing solutions. installations · High vibrational activity under both dynamic and static conditions due to variable wind Hub behavior

With this knowledge AXEL can tailor the technology to best deliver optimum, in-service protection.

Key features of a reliable technology platform for Pitch Bearings wind turbines include:

· Structural integrity and surface adhesion from Generator Bearings appropriate thickener technologies · A fluid phase of sufficient viscosity to maintain robust film strength Main Shaft Bearings · Excellent thermal and oxidation stability to enable extended lubricant and service life · An additive system optimised for enhanced protection against the effects of corrosion and wear under both rotating and oscillating conditions Yaw Bearings Tower AXEL: Tailored Technology. Market Solutions. Main Shaft Bearings Yaw Bearings

Protective Properties Protective Properties

· Resistance to mechanical shear · Resistance to mechanical shear and slow, · High film strength to protect under mixed oscillatory motion lubrication regimes · Protection from shock loading · Protection against thrust loads and wear · Resistance to high vibrational activity and its The main bearing supports the rotating shaft that mechanisms as a result of variable wind The yaw bearing is situated between the base wear effects due to variable wind behavior connects the wind turbine’s blades to the generator behavior of the turbine nacelle and the top of the turbine · Resistant to water ingress and protection from thus enabling the conversion of to · Resistant to the effects of humidity tower. Its main function is to support the controlled its corrosive effects, especially in off-shore electrical energy. · Functionality is maintained across a wide adjustment of the nacelle so that it can be installations operating temperature range continually repositioned to take full advantage of · Functionality is maintained across a wide changing wind direction. operating temperature range

Pitch Bearings Generator Bearings

Protective Properties Protective Properties

· Resistance to mechanical shear and slow, · Resistance to mechanical shear oscillatory motion · Excellent hydrodynamic lubrication properties · Protection from shock loading · Excellent thermal stability · Resistance to high vibrational activity and its The role of the pitch bearing is to assist in the wear effects due to variable wind behavior In simple terms, a generator is a device which continual adjustment of the blade angle under · Resistant to water ingress and protection from converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. all operating conditions, maximising its efficiency its corrosive effects, especially in off-shore Typically, the generator contains a rolling element relative to the wind speed and ensuring optimum installations bearing operating at medium to high speeds of turbine performance. · Functionality is maintained across a wide rotation with a key function being to minimize operating temperature range frictional losses during the energy conversion process. AXEL Platform Technologies Target Benefits for Power Generation

· Extended lubricant & component life

· Reduced frequency of re-lubrication Example Suitable AXEL Platform Technology Variants for · Reduced potential for unplanned and costly downtime

· Enhanced equipment reliability AXEL’s Lithium Complex Axellence 64X Series – Pitch & Yaw technology combines excellent Low Viscosity & Fully Bearings operating · Increased operational efficiency mechanical stability and excellent Synthetic in colder climates low temperature mobility in a Axellence thermally resistant package making Axellence 66X Series – Main, Pitch & Yaw it an ideal platform technology High Viscosity & Fully Bearings from which to develop finished Synthetic products for the wind turbine market

AXEL’s Dubbilit is a modern, high Dubbilit 66X Series – Main, Pitch & Yaw performance functional thickener High Viscosity & Fully Bearings system combining both lithium Synthetic

Main Bearing, Pitch Bearing & Yaw BearingMain Bearing, Pitch Bearing & Yaw complex and bismuth technology Dubbilit that delivers excellent thermal and mechanical stability as well as inherent wear and load carrying potential

AXEL’s Lithium Complex Axellence 64X Series – Generator technology combines excellent High Speed, Fully Synthetic Bearings mechanical stability and excellent low temperature mobility in a Axellence thermal resistant package making it an ideal platform solution for medium to high speed bearings

Generator Bearings when coupled with base oil of an appropriate viscosity AXEL - Your Global Partner Noion: Innovative Technology with Unique Offerings

Low friction and long grease life based on a Global Presence ground-breaking polymer thickener technology.

With over 125 years of experience, AXEL has expanded dramatically to become one of the leading Noion End-user Benefits: global producers and suppliers of lubricating greases, with state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities in Sweden, France, the Netherlands and the USA. · Extended re-lubrication intervals · Improved low-temperature performance AXEL partners with many of the leading lubricant · Increased resistance to water and companies around the world who choose us because aggressive chemicals of our unique Customised Label™ concept. · Reduced environmental impact · Minimised energy consumption Serving the leading lubricants · Maximised production safety companies across the globe Benefits translate into: lower service costs, less downtime, improved reliability, higher margins and loyal customers. Customised Label™ AXEL Premium Services

AXEL’s Customised Label™ strategy ensures that every AXEL provides you with the ability to tailor your Service Sample Field Test: Power product leaving our plants is customised to your needs Level Agreement (SLA) according to your specific Generation Turbines and labelled in your name. At AXEL we do not have needs. our own brand and do not compete with our customers. · Ease of Supply – Partnering for Production · Normal re-lubrication interval: 6 months AXEL products are produced under the strictest quality · Product Development · With Noion: Trouble-free lubrication standards including ISO 9001, 14001, 21469 and TS · Logistical Management for 3.5 years! 16949. · Technical Support and Services · No leakage, no wear, no signs of aging · Marketing and Sales Support

“Up to 7Xs longer grease life” Ease of Supply™ AXEL Customised Label™ “The products and Your brand. Your markets. services we provide Our knowledge. become an integral part of your value chain” AXEL CHRISTIERNSSON GLOBAL FACILITIES

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