INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” refer to notes.

A Basel tri-national region, 345 Abdul Ghani Othman, Datuk, 111 Batam Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah, 299 as administrative city, 161 Abdul Jamal, Temenggung, 249 as autonomous city, 163, 164, 177 Abdullah, Ismeth, 164, 165, 172, 174, 261 balloon theory, 161 Abu Bakar, Sultan of the State and Territory bonded zone, 161, 164 of Johore, 248 consolidation phase, 160 aeromobilities, 341, 362n1 cumulative investments in, 174, 175 age composition, of SIJORI population, economic development model, 154 53–58 economic growth, 10–11, 163 ageing population, , 137, 143 electrical and electronics industry in, Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of 374–76 Singapore (AVA), 350 ethnicity issues, 170 AirAsia, 359–360 firm entry and exit in, 376–78 Anglo-Dutch Treaty (1824), 243, 247, 248, free trade zone, 163, 164 250 GRDP, 156, 157 anti-corruption and transparency, 218 health care services, 462 , 190 human trafficking, 171 AsiaBarometer Survey, 288n12 as “imagined frontier”, 312, 313 Asian Development Bank, 107 industrial evolution, 372–74 Asian Financial Crisis (AFC), 66, 67, 117, infrastructure development and 163, 405, 411, 413, 414 investment phase, 161 in and Indonesia, 11 labour tensions, 171 SIJORI agreement and, 126–127 land-use issues, 170 manufacturing industry, 355 B migration and job-seeking, 168–69 Bach, Jonathan, 113 pleasure and danger, 321–22 Badan Pengusahaan (BP) Batam, 166, 172 population and worker growth, 127, Badan Pusat Statistik, 44, 63n9 167–68 Badawi, Abdullah, 11, 67, 128, 183 preparation phase, 160 balloon theory of regional economic “second wives” phenomena, 314 development, 161 sex and drugs trades, 171 (BN), 189–90, 207, 401 Singapore, linkage to, 386

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site for sex workers, 312, 318–21 high-value goods, 348, 351, 355, 363n10 in situ subsidiary evolution, 382–84 “made-in Singapore” goods, 350 smuggling and piracy, 171 OHL’s operations manager, 349, 364n15 squatter settlements, 169–70 orchid case study, 350–53 tax exemption, 164–65 ornamental fish, 353–55 vision, 174 perishable goods, 348–49, 363n11 Batam, Bintan and Karimun (BBK) islands, process-critical goods, 348, 364n12 67, 79 “tax-free” operation, 351, 355 authorities and councils, 172, 177 “twin-airport concept,” 360 business establishments, 176 urbanization, 344, 346 as free trade zones, 166–67, 173 China, bauxite mining, 258 vision, 173–74 Chua Jui Meng, 190, 194 Batamindo Industrial Park (BIP), 134, 162, city pirates, 440–442 163, 312, 343, 355, 356 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Batam Indonesia Free Zone Authority (CAAS), 346–47, 365n37 (BIFZA), 372 comparative-static model, 108 Batam Industrial Development Authority competitive advantages of SIJORI, 142–43 (BIDA), 110, 160, 161, 163, 164, 172 Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), Batam Industrial Park in 1992, 127 12 bauxite mining, 258 concentrated decentralization, 73 big Malaysian corporations, 214–15 Confucian capitalism, 413 bilateral relations, perceptions of, 221–23 Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, Bintan Beach International Resort (BBIR), Article 152(2), 248 343, 361 crime prevention in , 211 Bintan Industrial Estate (BIE), 134, 162, 343 Cross-Border Region (CBR), 288n4 borderlands literature, 18 Basel tri-national region, 345 border security, 274, 276, 282 borderlands, 18 Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East borders and regimes, 460 ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA), definition of, 18 13, 106 flows and life cycle, 460–61 bumiputeras, 59–60, 297, 300, 302–304 history and anthropology, 17–18 of Iskandar Malaysia, 182–84 C non-economic drivers of, 19 Callon, Michel, 113 organic and policy-driven territories, 20 Census, Indonesia 2000, 255, 256 organic and policy drivers, 459 Changi International Airport power dynamics, 459–460 Budget Terminal, 347 SIJORI as, 17–21 CBR studies, 345–46 social and cultural perspectives, 456–57 Changi Airfreight Centre (CAC), 348, 358 tri-border areas, 18 Changi Airport Group (CAG), 346, 347, U.S.-Mexico border, 345 363n9 cross-strait water relations, 401–404 Changi Airport Planners and Engineers cultural affinity, 322–23 (CAPE), 363n9 cultural revitalization movement, 256 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, 346–47 D Coolport, 348, 349 Daing Ibrahim, 15 electronic chips, 355–58, 365n25 decentralization in Indonesia, 158, 163, 174, flight information region, 358 177, 177n3, 178n15

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de facto measurement of population, 42–44 food fish farming industry, 422–23 de jure measurement of population, 42–44 globalization strategies, 414 Defence Attaché, 436 mutually exclusive perspectives, 414 deferred masculinity in Singapore, 312, Singapore business networks, 414–16 317–18 Southeast Asian states, 414 (DAP), 191 xinyong and guanxi, 422, 423, 425–26 Department of Statistics (DoS) Malaysia, ethnicity, 209–10 43–44, 45–46 composition, of SIJORI population, 58–61 dependency ratio, 53 data for, 45 desalination, 404 Riau Islands, 255, 256 Dewan Perniagaan Melayu Malaysia ethnic relations, 147 (DPMM), 192 export-led model, 68, 79, 84 Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), 159, 163, 177n2 F divergent economic policies, 147–49 Fargo, Thomas Boulton, 435 Djasit, Saleh, 261 females in SIJORI, excess of, 49–52 domestic water, 396 fighting corruption, 212 Domestic Water Consumption Study, 398 firm level, 374 Dutch colonization, 250 in Batam and Johor, entries and exits, 376–82 E target groups of, 375 Economic Development Board (EDB), “flexible citizenship”, 293–96, 301 Singapore, 106, 113 flight information region (FIR), 358 economic development model of Batam, 154 fluid Malay identities, Singapore and Johor, economic integration, 149 295–96 growth triangle period, 127–28 Fong Ching Loon, 353 economic performativity and politics, food fish farming industry, Singaporean 112–13 ethnic Chinese networks, 422–23 economic policies, divergent, 147–49 geographical spread of, 419, 420 economic progress and performance Johor’s advantages, 424–25 economic zones, 67 locations of overseas ventures, 420, 421 export-led model, 68, 79, 84 Malaysian business environment, 421–22, GDP measurement, 69, 70, 79, 81–83 424 global production networks, 67 plans to increase farming activities, 419, 420 growth triangle impacts, 66 qualitative research interview, 419 Krugman’s model, 68 self-sufficiency level, 417 Myrdal’s model, 68 total food fish supply, 418 Economic Transformation Programme xinyong and guanxi, 422, 423, 425–26 (ETP), 72, 188 Foreign Workers’ Centre (FWC) electrical and electronics (E&E) industry, 371 bumiputera company, 300 in Batam and Johor, 374–76 flexible citizenship, 301–302 in Singapore, 371, 374–75 foreign labour issues, 298–99 electronic chips, 348, 355–58, 363n10 Malayness in Malaysia, 298–301 electronics firms in Batam, 378 Framework Agreement on Cooperation emblem of Malay greatness, 252, 253 (2006), 12 energy-intensive process, 404 The Framework Agreement on Economic ethnic Chinese business firms Cooperation in the Islands of Batam, culturalist and institutionalist, 413 Bintan and Karimun, 79

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free trade zone (FTZ) H authorities and councils, 172, 178n22 Habibie, B.J., 11, 110, 111, 161, 163, 172, 243, Batam, Bintan and Karimun islands, 258, 259 166–67, 173 Hakim bin Abdullah, 295–302, 304, 306 bonded zone vs., 163–65 Hang Nadim Airport, 348, 355, 357, 359 law and regulations, 165 Hasni Mohamad, Datuk, 402 Friedman, Milton, 112, 116 Hauw, Andy, 365n26 “Future of Manufacturing” plan, 71 high-value goods, 348, 351, 355, 363n10 hijackings, 440–42 G see also pirates and law enforcement Gallant Venture, 343, 361, 363n2 agencies GE-13, Malaysia. See 13th General Election Hock Wee Nurseries, 350–51, 364n20 Geylang, 315, 316 Hood, Huzrin, 261 Gipouloux, François, 432 Housing and Development Board (HDB), 277 Global Financial Crisis, 182, 411 Hu Jintao, 435 global masculinities, 311 human trafficking, 171 global production network (GPN), 67, 372–73 I global value chain (GVC), 372–73 illegal activities, in Batam, 171–72 Goh Chok Tong, 9, 66, 106, 135, 162, 242 Immigration and Checkpoints Authority of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law, 174, Singapore (ICA), 276 177n2, 178n26 immigration policy, 146 Government Transformation Programme IMS-GT. See Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore (GTP), 72 Economic Growth Triangle (IMS-GT) gross domestic product (GDP) in situ subsidiary evolution actual and forecast, 86 Batam, 382–84 expected rate, 82, 83 Johor, 384–86 growth rate, 81, 85 Indonesia Johor, 70, 74, 88, 453 collaboration with Singapore, 162–63 Riau Islands, 70, 77, 89, 453–54 decentralization, 134, 158, 163, 174, 177, sectoral shares, 81, 82 177n3, 178n15 Singapore, 70, 87, 452 economy, 11, 128, 138 gross regional domestic product (GRDP), fish farming investments, 420, 421 PRI, 156, 157 4-track development strategy, 77, 90n8 Growth Triangle, 66, 90n1, 162, 242, 257–59, law on free trade zones, 165 311 and Malaysia, economic complementary, advantages, 14 135 definition of, 13 Master Plan for the Acceleration and economic interactions, 9–13 Expansion of Economic Development effect of borders, 16 of Indonesia, 77 literature and historical context, 14–15 Memorandum of Understanding with natural economic territories, 13 Singapore, 79 political conditions, 16 nationalism, 250, 251 social and cultural factors, 17 political system, 158 success factors, 13–14 political transition, 16 guanxi, Chinese business practice, 422, 423, population census in, 44 425–26 projection for, 45 gutta percha, 248, 261n4 relationship with Singapore, 275–76

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sex workers, 313–15, 321–23 policies in, 183 significances of Riau, 249–54 policymakers, 188–189 Indonesia-Malaysian Confrontation, 146 potential impact of, 48 Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth projects in, 184 Triangle (IMS-GT), 125, 267, 311, 343 as special economic zone, 67 fragmented integration, 269, 273 stakeholders, 187–193 Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth “twin-airport concept”, 360 Triangle (IMT-GT), 13, 105 Iskandar Malaysia Food Court, 188 Indonesia Population Projection 2010–2035, 45 Iskandar Regional Development Authority Indonesia Regional Dataset (October 2013), (IRDA), 188, 208 255 Advisory Council Member in, 189 Indragiri (Riau), 243, 246, 247, 250 Islamization in Malaysia, 426–27 industrialization, 397 Ismail Ibrahim, 90n7 Infineon Technologies, 383 Information Fusion Centre (IFC), 437–38 J Information Sharing Centre (ISC), 436 Johor in-migration, to Province of Riau Island bilateral relations, perceptions of, 221–23 (PRI), 48 Chinese vote in, 207 integrated outsourcing initiative (ISI), 79, contribution of population, 47 115–16 cost of living in, impact on, 219–20 interethnic dissonance, 209–10, 214 cross-border business networks, 457–58 International Liaison Officers (ILO), 437 economic integration, 129–34 International Maritime Bureau, 433, 434 economic investment in, 220 investors, Singaporeans, 215–16 economic sectors, 74, 75 Iskandar Development Region (IDR), 127, electrical and electronics industry in, 395 374–76 Iskandar Investment Bhd (IIB), 187, 200n5 ethnicity, 45 Iskandar Malaysia (IM), 134, 207–208, 268, FDI investors in, 184 273, 344 federal government and leadership, beneficiaries of, 214–16 performance of, 211–12 business associations and private firm entry and exit in, 378–82 investors, 192–193 foreign investment, 74, 76, 127 civil society, 192 GDP, 70, 74, 88, 183, 453 Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), governance and economy, 210–11 12 health and service sectors, 461–62 cross-border region of, 182–184 household economics, 213 development of, 128–29 industrial evolution, 372–74 economic integration in, 181–82, 185–87 inefficient water usage in, 397–98 economic transformation in, 397 information and news, sources of, 213–14 foreign direct investment (FDI) investors Iskandar Malaysia’s impact on economy, in, 184, 208 73–74 growth of economic sectors in Johor, 74 labour market, 74, 76 importance of, 214–16 land use, 454 industry clusters, 73 linkage to Singapore, 386–87 investment in, 185–86, 216 Malay identities, 295–96 joint strategic investments, 13 malaysian economy, 212–13 land and labour, reallocation of, 139–42 manufacturing sector, 70, 74 Pakatan Rakyat (PR), 190–192 migration for, 42–43

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political environment, 455 , 161, 181, 346, 402, 404 population, 70, 88, 452, 453 Leontief, Wassily, 116–17 population growth and rising demand, Lim Chu Kang Agrotechnology Park, 350, 46, 48, 396–97 364n18 positive attitude of Johoreans, 455 Lim, Peter, 184 proximity and land links, 455, 459 Linggiu Reservoir, 394 race and ethnicity, 209–10 lokalisasis, 312, 314 residents, 210, 217 Singaporean food fish farming industry, M 424–25 Mahathir Mohamed, 9, 90n3, 128, 189, and Singapore, core-periphery 200n2, 208, 242, 402 relationship between, 220 Straits Sea Patrols (MSSP), 435–36 Singapore economic impact on, 219–20 Malay identities, Singapore and Johor, in situ subsidiary evolution, 384–86 295–96 social and cultural interaction, 456–57 Malaysia state government, dissatisfaction with, administrative system, 72–73 210–11 Central Provident Fund holders in, 185 survey on, 209–20 Department of Statistics (DoS), 43–44 Tebrau and Skudai Rivers in, 394 economic threat to, 221–22 13th General Election, 194–98 Economic Transformation Programme, total fertility rate, 45 72 water resources, 395–96 economy, 11, 128, 137–38, 212–13 Johor Corp (JCorp), 193 federal and state governments roles, 183 Johor-Riau kingdom, 242–49 fish farming investments, 420–22, 424 Johor River Water Works (JRWW), 394 foreign direct investment, 134–35 Johor-Singapore Community Care GE-13, 182, 187, 194–98 Association, 276 and Indonesia, economic complementary, Johor-Singapore integration, 187–93 135 industrial sectors, 10 K Islamization in, 426–27 kampong pirates, 438–40 National Economic Action Council Karimun Marine and Industrial Complex, (NEAC), 402 162, 312 National Physical Plan, 72, 73 Kepulauan Riau (KEPRI), 62n2 policymakers, 146 Khazanah Nasional Berhad, 185 Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP), 111 Konfrontasi, 15, 146–47, 251, 456 private sector, 183 Krugman’s new economic geography relationship with Singapore, 275–76 model, 68 Singapore and, water relationship, 394–95 Kuok, Robert, 193 structure plans, 73 visas for foreign professionals, 146 L Vision 2020, 90n3 labour tension, 171 water efficiency in, 398 land-use planning, 169, 170 water reforms, 399–400 Lazman Halim Lajman, 344, 363n6 water tariffs in, 403 leadership, performance of, 211–12 Malaysia Automated Card System (MACS), Lee Chee Hock, 351 280 Lee Hsien Loong, 106, 110, 118, 136, 347, Malaysian Investment Development 366n38, 401 Authority, 372

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Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Open Skies agreement, 360 (MMEA), 436, 441 Orchard Towers, 316 Malaysian Water Association (MWA), 398 orchid tradings, 350–53 males in SIJORI, excess of, 49–52 ornamental fish trading, 353–55 Maritime Institute of Malaysia (MIMA), 436 outward processing (OP), 115 Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Economic Development of P Indonesia (MP3EI), 77, 148 Pakatan Rakyat, 190–192 Menteri Besar (MB), of Johor, 188 Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS), 191 meso- and firm-level process, 374 Parti Keadilan Rakya (PKR), 190–191 metropolitan spillover effect, 311–12 Pasir Gudang Port, 148 Ministry of Public Works, 170 Pengurusan Aset Air Berhad (PAAB), 399 mobility, Singaporeans in Johor and Batam, Perdaduk (Batam Local Regulation), 169, 276–79 170, 178n24 , 188 perfect competition model, 108, 109 Mohammad bin Ali, Tan Sri, 300 perishable goods, 348–49, 363n11 Moreau, Jean-Pierre, 431 Persatuan Melayu Riau Sejati (Union of multinational corporation (MNC) True-born Riau Malays), 249 subsidiaries, 373 pirates and law enforcement agencies Johor with, 384–86 city pirates, 440–42 , 188 Information Fusion Centre, 437–38 Myrdal’s cumulative causation model, 68 kampong pirates, 438–40 Malacca Straits, 435–36 N ReCAAP-ISC, 436–37 Najib Tun Abdul Razak, 11, 67, 366n38, 401 statistical report (2003–14), 433 National Economic Action Council (NEAC), UNCLOS definition of piracy, 432 402 Plaza Accord, 10 national identity, 294 political relationships, with Indonesia, gaps in Singapore, 306 135–36 Malaysian Malays, 300 politicization, of water, 398–401 Singapore Malays, 296, 302–304 population projections, 42–43 state conceptions of, challenging, 301–302 Population White Paper, 43 National Physical Plan (NPP), 72, 73 Porter, Michael, 113 National Water Services Commission Act, 399 Port of Tanjong Pelepas (PTP), 111, 134, 144 nation-state, 294 positive economics, 112 natural economic territories, 13 post-Asian Financial Crisis (AFC), 128 Nawazir, Cendra, 172 Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Net Reproduction Rate (NRP), 63n3 The, 107 New Economic Model, 188 process-critical goods, 348, 364n12 New Economic Policy (NEP), 148, 192, 193 Propinsi Riau, 241, 243, 249, 254 next-door transnationalism Province of Riau Islands (PRI), 42, 62n2, anxieties of, 279–81 241, 254 and border anxiety, 273–75 see also Riau Islands borders, emotions and identity, 286–87 ethnicity in, 58–61 Nippon Foundation, 436 net in-migration to, 48 population data for, 44–46 O Special Economic Zone in, 46 “old dependency” ratio, 53 2030 projection for, 45

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public safety in Johor, 211 Johor-Riau kingdom, 242–49 Pulau Seking (Singapore), 254 land and labour, reallocation of, 139–42 push-pull dynamic of global flows, 322–23 land use, 454 manufacturing sector, 70, 77 Q median competitiveness web analysis, Qian Hu Corporation Limited, 353, 354, 175, 176 364n21 mid-term development plan, 172, 173 Quality Growth Programme, Singapore, 71 population, 70, 89, 155, 156, 453 poverty rate, 173 R Propinsi Kepulauan Riau, 241, 254 races in Johor, 209–10 Propinsi Riau, 241, 243, 249, 254 Raffles, Stamford, 254 regencies, 155 Raja Ali Haji, 244 sex industry, 312 Raja Haji, 249, 262n10 SIJORI, significances in, 255–61 Raja Haji Abdul Rahim Mansor, 254 social and cultural interaction, 456–57 Raja Hamzah Yunus, 250, 251 trade and tourism, 79, 80 Raja Hassan Yunus, 250 vision and mission, 172, 173 Raja Kecil, 244–46, 261n3 “Riau Roundtable 2007: Opportunities and Raja Khalid Hasan (Raja Hitam), 252, 253 Challenges in the Riau Archipelago and Raja Muhammad Yunus, 249–51 Riau Province”, 258 reallocation of land and labour, 139–42 Ricardo’s theory, 107 red-light districts, 315–16 Rozali Ismail, Tan Sri, 400 Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated rules of origin (ROO), 115 Development (RAPID) project, 182, Rumah Liar (RULI) on Batam island, 169 193–94, 201n18 Regional Cooperation Agreement on S Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Salahuddin Ayub, 194, 201n17 against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP), Salim Group (Indonesia), 258, 259, 343, 363 436–37, 441 Samuelson, Paul, 107–108, 112 regional economic expansion, 68–69 Sani, Muhammad, 165, 172–74, 252 regional trade agreements (RTA), 115 Sassen, Saskia, 342 Residentie Riouw en Onderhoorgheden (Riau Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOC), 435, Residency and Dependencies), 243, 250 436 Respationo, Soeryo, 172–74 Second Industrial Revolution, 415 Revised NPP (NPP-2), 73 security of investments, 145–46 Riau Islands Seda, Frans, 160 see also Province of Riau Islands (PRI) Sejarah Melayu, 257 authorities, 44, 172 Selangor’s Pakatan Rakyat-led government, development of, 127 400–401 economic sectors, 77, 78 self-fulfilling prophecy, 114 economy, 129–34, 138 Senai International Airport, 348, 351, 352, ethnicity, 255, 256 359–61 formation of, 158–60, 178n5, 178n6 Sensus Penduduk 2010, 255 GDP, 70, 77, 89, 453–54 sex and drugs trades, 171 GRDP, 156, 157 sex composition, of SIJORI population, 49–52 as “imagined frontier”, 313–15 sex tourism, 312, 318, 322 Indonesia, significances in, 249–54 Shahrir Abdul Samad, 188 investment in, 127, 128 Siak Sri Inderapura, 246, 261n3

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SIJORI Cross-Border Region, 41 Memorandum of Understanding with age composition, 53–58 Indonesia, 79 ethnic composition, 58–61 non-resident population of, 47–48 older persons in, 54–57 “ornamental fish capital of the world”, population size, 46–49 350, 354 productive-age persons in, 57 perceptions of Singaporeans and, 216–20 sex composition, 49–52 population, 69, 87, 452, 453 transient population and population PRI’s trade partner, 156 projection, 42–43 Quality Growth Programme, 71 younger persons in, 54 red-light districts, 315 Singapore regionalization strategy, 415 ageing population, 137 relocation strategies, 342 agriculture, 349, 417 resident population, 43–44 Asia Competitiveness Institute, 174 Riau Archipelago and, 15 balloon theory, 161 sand mining, 258 capital flows in, 344 Second Industrial Revolution, 415 Chinese Johoreans visit to, 217–18 SIJORI’s impact on business firms, 415 collaboration with Indonesia, 162–63 social and cultural interaction, 456–57 cross-border business networks, 457–58 spillover effect, 311–12 economic impact on Johor, 219–20 state formation process, 414 economy, 11, 127–34, 136–37 top traits or characteristics, 218–19 electrical and electronics industry in, 371, tourism sector, 343 374–75 Transition Support Package, 71 electronics business, 355 unemployment rate, 70 electronics industry, 72 visas for foreign professionals, 146 ethnic Chinese firms, 414–16 water agreement with Johor, 223 excessive economic integration, reluctance working of Johoreans, 218 for, 149–50 Singapore Airlines, 346, 348. external sources for water, 458 see also Changi International Airport foreign direct investment (FDI), 181, 184, Singaporeans in Johor and Batam 198 border anxiety, 273–75 foreign multinational companies, 414–16 borders, emotions and identity, 286–87 foreign workers in, 71 Causeway, 279–81 “Future of Manufacturing” plan, 71 dangerous hinterlands, 283–86 GDP, 70, 87, 136, 452 ferry crossing, 281–83 as “global city,” 342 fragmented integration, 269, 273 government-linked corporations, 126–27, next-door transnationalism, anxieties of, 343, 414–16 279–81 increasing productivity, 71 profile of respondents, 270–72 industrialization strategy, 9 regional hinterlands, 273 and Johor, core-periphery relationship territorial borders and security, 275–76 between, 220 Singapore Economic Development Board land and labour, reallocation of, 139–42 (EDB), 106, 113 land scarcity, 454 Singapore-Johor-Riau Cross-Border Region linkage to, 386–87 (CBR) and Malaysia, political and diplomatic Electrical and Electronics industry in, relations, 221 374–76 manufacturing sector, 70, 71 firm entry and exit in, 376–82

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industrial evolution, 372–74 Special Administrative Regions of China, in situ subsidiary evolution, 382–86 105 Singapore-Johor-Riau (SIJORI) Growth special economic zones (SEZs), 343 Triangle, 105, 125–26, 220, 267 Batam, Bintan, and Karimun islands, 67, agreement, 125, 126 79, 166 competitive advantages, 142–43 in Province of Riau Island (PRI), 46 competitiveness indicators for, 143 squatter settlements, 169–70 costs and benefits, 143–44 State of Johor Mosque, 249 development of, 125, 126 Statistik Indonesia 2014, 255 economic performativity and politics, Straits Chandlers case, rejecting flexible 112–13 citizenship, 302–306 economic synergies and prerequisites, Strategic Reform Initiatives (SRIs), 72, 90n4 144–46 Sultan Abd al-Jalil Shah, 243–45 economy, 106–108, 127–36 Sultan Abdul Rahman, 248, 249, 250 history of, 126–27 Sultan Husain, 248 land and labour, reallocation of, 139–42 Sultan Ibrahim, 244, 245 law and order, improvement, 145 Sultan Mahmud, 247 obstacles, 146–50 Sultan Sulaiman, 245, 249, 250, 257 political impact on policy and Sumarlin, J.B., 160 geographical proximity, 135–36 Sungai Melayu Village Ecotourism Village, political relationships, 135–36 188 political support for, 106 Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara post-Asian Financial Crisis, 128 (SPAN), 399 potential synergies in, 139–42 Sutowo, Ibnu, 160 scale and diversity, benefits of, 142 Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor Sdn Bhd security of investments, 145–46 (SYABAS), 400–401 weakest economic link, 149 Singapore Malay nuclear family T case studies, 293–94 13th General Election (GE-13), 182 firmly-anchored identity, 302–304 Barisan Nasional for, 189–90 Malay identities, 295–96 Johor, 194–98 multifaceted Singapore-Johor CBR, Pakatan Rakyat manifestos for, 190–93 304–306 Tan, Tony, 435 national identities, 306 Tanjung Pinang, 243, 245, 251 Singapore-Malaysia, water relationship, Temasek Holdings Pte, 185 394–95 Temenggung, 247, 248 Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (SMRT), Tengku Husain, 247 building of, 223 Teo, Nicholas, 437 Singapore-Riau link, of SIJORI agreement, Teo Yen Hua, Datuk, 403 128, 135 “toleration zones”, 315 SkyShuttle bus, 359, 365n34 Tong Kooi Ong, 184 small- and medium-sized enterprises total fertility rate (TFR), 43, 63n3 (SMEs), 184 of Singapore’s resident population, 45 Soeharto, 9, 128, 135, 147, 154, 161, 163, 164, transient population, 42–43 172, 176, 177, 242, 256–59, 262n14 Transition Support Package, 71 South China Growth Triangle, 13, 105 Treaty of London (1824), 243, 247, 248, 250 Southeast Asian economic triangle, 106 Triangle of Growth. See Growth Triangle sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), 185 Tri-border Areas literature, 18

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Tuhfat al Nafis, 244, 245 Widodo, Joko, 138 2000 Indonesia Census, 255, 256 Wijaya, Mustofa, 165, 172 working-class men, Singaporean U creating scenarios of affection, 318–20 United Malays National Organization economic position, 315 (UMNO), 208 foreign bride marriage, 317–18 Barisan Nasional, 189–90 masculinity, 312, 317–18 Pakatan Rakyat (PR), 190–91 as material providers, 320–21 political stronghold for, 184–85 “second wives” in Batam, 314 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 432, 436 X U.S.-Mexico border, 20, 345 xinyong, Chinese business practice, 422, 423, 425–26

V Y value-added activities, in global production Yamtuan Muda Daeng Celak, 245, 257 network, 373 Yamtuan Muda Daeng Kamboja, 246 Verdoorn productivity effect, 68, 79, 81, 84 Yamtuan Muda Daeng Marewah, 245, 257 Vision 2020, 72, 90n3 Yap Kim Lee, Kenny, 353 Yellow Sea Economic Zone, 13 W “young dependency” ratio, 53 water pollution, Johor, 397 Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 67, 90n8, 118, water resources, rapid development and 165, 174, 177n2, 361 implications for, 395–96 Water Services Industry Act (WSIA), 399 Z water tariffs, in Malaysia, 403 Zainal, Rusni, 261 Weber, Alfred, 106 Zion Orchids (Singapore), 350, 364n20

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