100% FACTS & FIGURES

About doing business in the region 2021 Gothenburg – ’s innovation Our strong collaboration in several innovation projects is important for sustainable development to go forward as it lays the foundation for new ways to consume and produce powerhouse with world class R&D capacity smarter in the future – more environmentally efficient, and more sustainable. We must safeguard the position we have today. Why? Because it is an important strength in Sweden is a country with a great capacity to conduct research and development (R&D). Sweden’s future development to become an economy with more sustainable growth This has led Sweden to become the country with the world’s third largest R&D budget and that strengthens the global health by exporting our innovations so that more people in relation to GDP. And the hub for Sweden’s R&D activities is here, in the Gothenburg can take part of the results of our knowledge and our technologies. region. The region accounts for just over a fifth of the country’s total export value and The Gothenburg region was first in the world to distribute green bonds. It is also a region more than a third of Sweden’s total R&D expenditure in businesses. The large investments with more testbeds than any other region in Sweden, in which the more innovative and more by businesses in R&D have transformed Gothenburg from a heavy industrial city to the sustainable products, services and processes of the future are tested and demonstrated. country’s innovation engine and a world-leading city with a strong knowledgebase. It’s a region where collaborations and clusters help us to grow and not least help us to Today, the Gothenburg region’s businesses combine advanced manufacturing with an adapt. Because where we stand currently, is in a phase of change. And in that phase, the ever-increasing service content. Large and small research-intensive businesses together Gothenburg region is well-positioned. On the following pages you will find a comprehensive with public actors and the universities spur innovation. It has given us a culture where compilation of official facts and statistics, which can help you identify opportunities collaboration, between all actors, has induced increased growth and a strengthened – if you want to be part of Sweden’s innovation powerhouse and leading knowledge region. innovation potential. In our clusters, collaboration has contributed to that Gothenburg and its surrounding area has become a leader in various areas such as within automotive BUSINESS REGION GÖTEBORG and electrification, life science, logistics, ICT, and urban development. is responsible for business development in the City of Gothenburg and represents thirteen municipalities in the region.

Gothenburg region’s share of Sweden’s R&D 33% expenditure in businesses

2 3 Contents

A REGION MOVING FORWARD Page 5-11 Gothenburg's labour market. 1. International and national competitiveness.

RICH EXCHANGE WITH THE WORLD Page 12-16 Import and export. Foreign-owned companies. 2. International visitors. 1. GROWTH AND LABOUR MARKET Page 17-21 Emerging industries. Largest employment growth. 3. Employment rate.

BUSINESS Page 22-27 Largest employers. Prominent clusters. 4. Newly started companies. A region POPULATION, LIFESTYLE AND EDUCATION Page 28-30 moving forward Demographics. Level of education. Seats of learning. 5. Gothenburg is an attractive region which is experiencing growth through a number of exciting developments. This transformation is illustrated in both national and COSTS AND TAXES Page 31-34 international comparisons. Salary and rent levels. Tax regulations. 6. Nordic cost comparison.

Unless otherwise specified, the statistics in this and the chapters to come refer to the 13 member municipalities in the Gothenburg region’s municipal CLIMATE AND THE ENVIRONMENT Page 35-38 association: Ale, Alingsås, Gothenburg, Härryda, Kungsbacka, Kungälv, 7. Waste management. Air quality. Green Gothenburg. ! , , Mölndal, Partille, , Tjörn and Öckerö.

4 Photo: Frida Winter / BRG 5 A REGION MOVING FORWARD A REGION MOVING FORWARD

Growth in the Gothenburg region Growth strategy – to strengthen since the year 2010 central Gothenburg and expand the labour market

The Gothenburg region is growing more rapidly than anyone could have predicted. In addition, major investments are being made in infrastructure and urban development, which in turn have increased commuters and new inhabitants rapidly. By 2030, it is likely that also Borås will be a part of Gothenburg’s labour market. For this reason, local politicians 28,000 in the Gothenburg region have adopted a new growth strategy more establishments 43% (Sustainable Growth). Trollhättan region real exports growth

55% Borås region 48% real total wage sum growth real GRP growth

Central Gothenburg Gothenburg region +45,000 +10,000 Gothenburg’s labour Gothenburg’s labour residents 2012-2030 residents per year 33% market today market 2030 increase in productivity + 60,000 +120,000 1.4 1.8 121,000 jobs 2012-2030 jobs 2016-2035 million residents million residents more residents

A local labour market is a division of Sweden based on commuting patterns. When commuting between municipalities reaches the extent that these municipalities can be seen to be dependent on one another, they form a labour market region.

THE FOLLOWING 27 MUNICIPALITIES ARE INCLUDED IN GOTHENBURG’S LABOUR 96,000 MARKET TODAY: Ale, Alingsås, , Falkenberg, Färgelanda, Grästorp, Gothenburg, Härryda, more employees Kungsbacka, Kungälv, Lerum, Lilla Edet, , , , Mölndal, Orust, Partille, Sotenäs, Stenungsund, Tjörn, Trollhättan, , Varberg, Vårgårda, Vänersborg and Öckerö.

6 7 ww

A REGION MOVING FORWARD A REGION MOVING FORWARD

The Gothenburg region – a leading SWEDEN RANKED research region which is highly 1st competitive on the international stage Best country in the world for sustainable development. GLOBAL RANKING: R&D SHARE OF GDP Source: SDG Index, 2020 SWEDEN RANKED 1, 2 … 3 … 195, 196 2nd Innovations Most innovative country in the world. REGIONAL INNOVATION Source: WIPO, Cornell universitet and INSEAD, 2020 SCOREBOARD 2019 INNOVAITON LEADER + AMONG SwedenOF SWEDEN’S TOTAL PRIVATE R&D EXPENDITURE 238 REGIONS IN EACH SECTOR RESPECTIVELY OUR LEADING Assesses the innovation performance of European INDUSTRIES ACCOUNT FOR: regions. West Sweden is named in the report as a Automotive 61% European innovation leader + among other things, the region achieves distinctions for: Growth potential Chemicals, hygiene products and pharmaceuticals 42% • Process and product innovations within SME PERFORMANCE INDEX 2018 Knowledge-intensive business services 27% • Increased employment 31 OF 182 REGIONS within knowledgebased professions • Export of high-technology goods Assesses large European city regions with the best future growth potential. • Highly educated population The Gothenburg region scores highly in: of Sweden’s total R&D expenditure within the Source: European Commission • Economic growth private sector are made in the Gothenburg region* 33% • Employment * Refers to companies’ R&D expenditure in Västra Götaland County 2019. Source: SCB Source: BAK Basel

Competitiveness EUROPE 2020 REGIONAL INDEX 2019 35 OF 268 REGIONS

SWEDEN’S LEADING REGION Assesses how close EU regions are to their target FOR BUSINESS R&D strategies for achieving improved competitiveness. The Gothenburg region has achieved all of its established Businesses in the Gothenburg region EU targets and is praised for, among other things: invest more in R&D than anywhere else in Sweden. This confirms the strength • Higher education level the region’s companies possess – to • Strong labour market produce leading innovations that are • Technological readiness and exported to a global market. Firms choose innovation potential to invest in the region as there is access to relevant expertise, a growing market Source: European Commission

Photo: Bengt Kjellin / BRG and strong clusters.

8 9 A REGION MOVING FORWARD A REGION MOVING FORWARD

A strong growth engine Sweden’s leading logistics hub

Swedish regions show strong economic growth among selected benchmark That Scandinavia’s largest port is located here is just one of the reasons the Gothenburg regions in Europe. Top of the list is the Wolfsburg region, with an annual growth region is such a prominent logistics hub. Some of the reasons the region is ranked as rate of just over 7 per cent. In the Gothenburg region the economic growth over Sweden’s number one logistics location are: the period was 3.2 per cent. • Direct ocean freight services to 130 destinations and an effective rail freight system to other parts of Sweden and Norway

ANNUAL GROWTH IN GROSS REGIONAL PRODUCT IN BENCHMARKING REGIONS 2010-2018 • Short distances between the import dock to warehouses result in low logistics costs • Advanced and rapidly growing transport infrastructure with an environmental focus 8%8 • National centre for R&D within sustainable logistics solutions and transportation 7%7 • New large logistics facilities 6% 6 • Access to leading competence within logistics 5%5 Source: Intelligent Logistik

Bayern region The Nordics’ Birmingham region region Stuttgart

4% Wolfsburg region 4 region Copenhagen largest port to Gothenburg region* Gothenburg Stockholm region Hamburg region Oslo region Helsinki region Helsinki region 3%3 EU27 Frankfurt region become fossil-free Sheffield region Liverpool region The goal is to reduce emissions by

2% Navarra region Milan regionMilan

2 region Turin Valenciaregionen 70 per cent by 2030. The investment 1%1 includes e.g. land transportation, fossil-free ships as well as 0%0 necessary infrastructure. * Refers to West Sweden Source: Eurostat Source: Port of Gothenburg

Growth in Swedish metropolitan regions The metropolitan regions drive growth in Sweden. Among the metropolitan regions, the Gothenburg region exhibits the strongest growth in employment and in gross regional product. When it comes to growth in total wage sum, the Stockholm region and the Gothenburg region are at a similar level. The three metropolitan regions are

clearly growing better than Sweden as a whole. Gothenburg of Port Photo:

SWEDEN’S TOP 10 NORDIC COMPARISON OF CARGO Gothenburg region LOGISTICS REGIONS 2021* HANDLED IN 2019** Stockholm region VOLUME OF GOODS, Malmö region RANKING* REGION RANKING / CITY / (COUNTRY) 1,000 TONNES Sweden 1 (1) Gothenburg region 1 Gothenburg (Sweden) 38,891 5.0% Source: Statistics Sweden 4.4% 2 (2) Helsingborg region 2 Helsinki (Finland) 14,372 3.9% 3.8% 3 (3) Örebro region 3 Aarhus () 8,618 3.8% 3.4% 3.2% 3.0% 3 (4) Östgöta region 4 Copenhagen (Denmark) 6,658

5 (5) Jönköping region 5 Oslo (Norway) 6,040

2.2% 1.9% 6 (8) Eskilstuna region 6 Stockholm (Sweden) 4,723 2.0% 1.6% Source: Eurostat 6 (7) Stockholm North

8 (8) Malmö region * Figure in parentheses indicates ranking in Logistikläget 2020. 9 (10) Stockholm South ** Statistics refer only to full service ports. Employment Total wage sum Gross regional product 10 (9) Mid Sweden Annual growth in number of Annual real growth in total Annual real growth in gross regional 10 (10) Halmstad region employees 2010-2019 wage sum 2010-2020 product 2010-2018 Source: Intelligent Logistik

10 11 RICH EXCHANGE WITH THE WORLD

Export of goods from KEY EXPORT DESTINATIONS 2020 companies in the region COUNTRY VALUE OF EXPORTED GOODS, MSEK Companies in the Gothenburg region have a high export intensity. In 2020 goods were USA 38,169 exported for approximately SEK 218 billion Norway 26,256 despite major disturbances on the world market Germany 24,609 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The region’s total exports make up 81 per cent of Västra China 21,759 Götaland County’s total export value and Denmark 12,632 one sixth of Sweden’s total export value. UK 12,176 Some important destinations, among others, Finland 10,981 are USA, Norway, Germany and China. France 10,063 Source: Statistics Sweden Netherlands 8,311

Japan 4,742 The region’s 4,200 Västra Götaland County total 269,996 export companies constitute approximately Gothenburg region total 218,265 two thirds of Västra Götaland County’s Gothenburg region’s share of Swedish exports 16% total export companies and about 8 per cent 2. of all Sweden’s export companies. Import of goods to KEY IMPORT ORIGINS 2020 companies in the region COUNTRY VALUE OF IMPORTED GOODS, MSEK Companies in the Gothenburg region also import a lot of goods globally. In 2020 goods Germany 36,880 were imported for approximately SEK 170 Netherlands 17,612

billion. The region’s total imports make up China 15,986 78 per cent of Västra Götaland County’s total Denmark 15,056 import value and 13 per cent of Sweden’s total import value. Some important origins, among Norway 11,340 others, are Germany, Netherlands, China, France 8,931 Denmark and Norway. UK 7,417 Source: Statistics Sweden Rich exchange USA 4,873 Finland 4,687

Japan 3,879 with the world Västra Götaland County total 217,843 Gothenburg region total 169,925

Shipping and international trade have been integral to Gothenburg region’s share of Swedish imports 13% the Gothenburg region for over 400 years. Of course, the traded content has changed somewhat over the years, but the flow of goods continues to play a critical role for The composition of EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF GOODS, exports and imports BY PRODUCT GROUP 2020 the development and growth of the region’s companies. The majority of the region’s exported Motor vehicles and other transport equipment The interest among foreign investors to run companies goods comprise vehicles and other means Other machines and manufactured goods in the region is great and every fifth employee in the of transport – an industry which is also the largest in terms of import value. In Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, rubber and plastics Gothenburg region works in a foreign-owned company. absolute terms, exports of goods within Computers, electronics and optical products

automotive corresponded to approximately Wood, paper and printing services SEK 133 billion. The product groups Textiles and clothes ’Other machines and manufactured goods’, Metals and minerals Value of exported ’Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, rubber and goods, MSEK Coke and petroleum plastics’ and ’Computers, electronics and Value of imported optical products’ account for substantial Products connected to services goods, MSEK shares of the goods exchanged with Food, beverages and tobacco trading partners. Products of agriculture, forestry and fishing Source: Statistics Sweden 0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000

12 Gothenburg of Port Photo: 13 RICH EXCHANGE WITH THE WORLD RICH EXCHANGE WITH THE WORLD

Strong exports growth ANNUAL REAL GROWTH IN GOODS EXPORTS IN Many foreign-owned NUMBER OF FOREIGN-OWNED COMPANIES AND from the Gothenburg THE GOTHENBURG REGION AND SWEDEN 2010-2020 companies in the region ESTABLISHMENTS IN GOTHENBURG REGION, 1990-2019 region over time 20%20 Since 1990, the number of foreign-owned 35003,500 Since 2010, the business environment in the companies in the Gothenburg region Establishments 15% Companies Gothenburg region has seen strong exports 15 has grown steadily. In 2019 there were 30003,000 approximately 2,100 foreign-owned growth. During the boom, 2014-2018, the 10%10 region recorded strong real value increases companies in the Gothenburg region. These 25002,500 in goods exports. This development was, 5% foreign-owned companies accounted for 5 2,000 however, followed by only a marginal increase approximately 2,900 establishments in 2000 in the export value in 2019. As a result of the 0%0 the Gothenburg region. 1,500 Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the region’s Source: Statistics Sweden 1500 -5% exports decreased by approximately -5 Gothenburg region 1,000 11 per cent. Source: Statistics Sweden 1000 -10%-10 Sweden 500500 -15%-15 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 0 -20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 561,000 in exported value (SEK) Employees in foreign-owned NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN FOREIGN-OWNED COMPANIES 1990-2019 per employee in the private companies 100000100,000 sector in 2020 The number of employees in foreign-owned 90,000 companies has more than quadrupled in 90000 the period 1990-2019. In 2019, some 8000080,000 97,000 people were employed by foreign- 7000070,000 owned companies in the Gothenburg 60,000 region. This amounts to nearly one fifth 60000 of the total employment in the region. 5000050,000 Of these, Chinese companies employ the 4000040,000 most, followed by companies from the Netherlands, Norway and the USA. 3000030,000 20,000 Source: Statistics Sweden 20000 1000010,000 0

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Photo: Port of Gothenburg of Port Photo:

Norway top of the list TOP 10 FOREIGN OWNERS OF COMPANIES IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2019 The highest value of goods EXPORTS IN SEK PER EMPLOYEE IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR The list of countries with foreign ownership IN METROPOLITAN REGIONS AND SWEDEN 2020 in the Gothenburg region is dominated by the NUMBER OF SHARE OF exports per employee NUMBER OF ESTABLISH- FOREIGN-OWNED northern parts of Western Europe. Norway That the Gothenburg region’s companies RANK COUNTRY COMPNIES MENTS COMPANIES 600,00060 tops the list as the country of ownership for are export-intensive can be ascertained 1 Norway 384 477 18% the most foreign-owned companies, followed by studying exports per employee in the 500,000 by Germany and Denmark. 2 Germany 245 315 12% private sector. In 2020, the value of exports 50 from companies in the Gothenburg region Source: Statistics Sweden 3 Denmark 225 297 11% corresponded to SEK 561,000 per employee. 400,00040 4 USA 192 221 9% This amount is substantially higher compared 5 UK 165 202 8% to the other two metropolitan regions and 300,00030 Sweden as a whole. 6 Netherlands 139 219 7% 7 Finland 123 227 6% Source: Statistics Sweden 200,00020 8 Luxembourg 111 187 5% 100,00010 9 France 97 161 5% 10 Switzerland 72 89 3% 00 Gothenburg region 2,123 2,901 100% Gothenburg Stockholm Malmö Sweden region region region

14 15 RICH EXCHANGE WITH THE WORLD

Covid-19 pandemic hits hard on NUMBER OF AIR PASSENGERS AND GUEST NIGHTS the region’s hospitality sector IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2000-2020 In 2019, approximately 7 million air passengers70000 7 traveled to and from Gothenburg Landvetter Millions of air passengers Airport, while the region’s hotels, holiday 6 Millions of guest nights cottages and hostels hosted around 5 million 60000 guest nights. The Covid-19 pandemic has hit 5 the hospitality sector in the Gothenburg region50000 and many other places around the world very 4 hard. As a result of the pandemic, the number 40000 of air passengers and spent guest nights in the 3 region reached a record low level in 2020. 300002 Source: Swedish Transport Agency and Statistics Sweden

200001

0 2000 10000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 3.

Growth and labour market The business environment in the Gothenburg region is characterised by global, knowledge-intensive manufacturing The region’s international FOREIGN-BORN RESIDENTS IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION companies such as Volvo, SKF and AstraZeneca. The total wage population grows RESIDENTS RESIDENTS CHANGE 2019-2020 sum in the Gothenburg region is growing at a faster rate than In 2020, the Gothenburg region had about COUNTRY 2019 2020 IN NUMBER IN PER CENT 223,000 foreign-born residents (21 per cent Sweden as a whole. Above all, this growth is most prominent Iran 16,858 17,076 218 1.3% of the region’s population). Compared with within construction and services. Overall, employment in the the previous year, this is an increase of about Iraq 16,672 16,864 192 1.2% region is growing at a faster rate than the national average. 4,200 foreign-born residents, equivalent to Syria 12,266 12,658 392 3.2% an increase of 2 per cent. Iran, Iraq and Syria A rapidly expanding knowledge-intensive business services Somalia 10,114 10,407 293 2.9% top the list of countries of birth among the Gothenburg region’s foreign-born population. Finland 10,149 9,842 –307 –3.0% sector supports the manufacturing companies, and the region’s

Source: Statistics Sweden Poland 9,738 9,823 85 0.9% business environment is gaining further nuance through Bosnia and Herzegovina 9,259 9,287 28 0.3% growing businesses within information and communication, Former Yugoslavia 8,059 7,971 –88 –1.1% construction and real estate. Turkey 5,908 6,085 177 3.0%

Afghanistan 5,196 5,594 398 7.7%

Gothenburg region 219,222 223,420 4,198 1.9 %

16 Photo: Mostphotos 17 GROWTH AND LABOUR MARKET GROWTH AND LABOUR MARKET

The Gothenburg region ANNUAL REAL GROWTH IN TOTAL WAGE SUM 2000-2020 Business services EMPLOYED +16 YEARS OF AGE, BY SECTOR 2019 – a Swedish growth engine employ most 7%7 GOTHENBURG During large parts of the 2000s, the real Gothenburg region Business services is the sector with the most BRANSCH REGION % SWEDEN % wage sum growth in the Gothenburg region Sweden employees in the Gothenburg region, followed 6%6 Business services 85,143 15.5 615,469 12.2 has clearly been stronger compared to by healthcare and care. Compared to Sweden Healthcare and care 77,4 86 14.1 815,198 16.1 Sweden as a whole. The exception is during 5%5 as a whole, the Gothenburg region has a much periods of crisis, such as the aftermath of larger share of employees in business services, Commerce 68,095 12.4 594,355 11.8 the financial crisis in 2009 and in 2020 4% information and communication and within 4 Manufacturing and mining 63,237 11.5 547,778 10.8 during the Covid-19 pandemic, where manufacturing. However, among the larger Sweden’s wage sum growth has been 3%3 sectors the Gothenburg region has a much Education 56,280 10.2 555,246 11.0 stronger than in the Gothenburg region. smaller proportion of employees in healthcare Construction 36,889 6.7 362,798 7. 2 2% and care. Source: Statistics Sweden 2 Public administration 31,514 5.7 303,080 6.0 Source: Statistics Sweden 1%1 Information and communication 28,491 5.2 217,769 4.3 Transportation and warehousing 28,262 5.1 235,965 4.7 0% 2000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Cultural and personal services 24,545 4.5 230,375 4.6

Hotels and restaurants 21,357 3.9 181,585 3.6

Property 10,306 1.9 86,496 1.7

Financial services and insurance 7,4 31 1.4 96,046 1.9

Energy and the environment 4,549 0.8 51,711 1.0 85,143 Unknown 4,223 0.8 63,337 1.3 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2,622 0.5 97,685 1.9 employees in business services in Construction and services the Gothenburg region in 2019 Total 550,430 5,054,893 A good measure of regional growth is have grown the most to assess the development of the The average annual growth in total wage sum in total wage sum. The wage sum can the Gothenburg region during the period 2010-2020 go up as a result of increased was 3.4 per cent. In terms of individual sectors, the productivity or by more largest growth has been seen in the construction sector, people being employed. followed by the services sector. Stronger employment growth

Source: Statistics Sweden in the Gothenburg region In 2019, more than 550,000 people were working in the 550,430 Gothenburg region. This represents an increase of 38 per cent the number of people employed since the year 2000, or 152,000 employed persons. in the Gothenburg region in 2019 Source: Statistics Sweden AVERAGE ANNUAL REAL GROWTH IN TOTAL WAGE SUM BY SECTOR IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2010-2020

EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION AND SWEDEN 2000-2019

4%4 5.5% 3.6% 3%3 2%2 CONSTRUCTION SERVICES 1%1 0%0 -1-1%

-2% -2 Gothenburg region Sweden -3-3%

-4% 3.3% 2.6% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -4 PUBLIC SECTOR MANUFACTURING

18 19 GROWTH AND LABOUR MARKET GROWTH AND LABOUR MARKET

Greatest job growth in PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT, Employment growth by PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN EMPLOYEES, business services BY SECTOR 2009-2019 companies’ size category BY SIZE CATEGORY 2010-2020 All sectors in the Gothenburg region have Up until 2019 the most rapid employment Business services 50%50 seen an increase in the number of employees. growth was seen in the regions smaller Information and communication Swedish manufacturing and mining has companies. Yet, the ongoing Covid-19 39% experienced negative growth, while the Public administration pandemic has caused the employment 40%40 Gothenburg region’s manufacturing and Hotels and restaurants growth to decrease strongly in smaller mining industry is heading in the other Property companies, while larger companies have 30%30 27% direction. However, business services has Construction withstanded the pandemic better during 25% experienced the most growth in the 2020. In the period 2010-2020, employees Education Gothenburg region. Compared to Sweden in companies with more than 200 employees 20%20 17% as a whole, the Gothenburg region has Cultural and personal services increased by 39 per cent. Also the other size 15% clearly experienced stronger growth in Health care and care categories demonstrate strong growth in employment within information and Energy and the environment Gothenburg region terms of employees. However, in absolute 10%10 Sweden communication, business services, Commerce terms, the two largest size categories report public administration and manufacturing. the largest increase. Some 92,000 people Financial services and insurance were hired by companies in these two size 0% Source: Statistics Sweden 0 Transportation and warehousing 1-4 5-19 20-199 200 + Total categories during the period 2010-2020. employees employees employees employees Manufacturing and mining Source: Statistics Sweden -10%-10 0%0 10%10 20%20 30%30 40%40 50%50 60%60

Lowest unemployment UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG PERSONS 16-64 YEARS OLD, Small companies account for the majority among metropolitan regions ANNUAL AVERAGE FROM YEAR 2000 of the region’s establishments During the Covid-19 pandemic year of 10%10 122,009 The Gothenburg region’s numerous small companies provide the 2020 the unemployment increased majority of the region’s establishments. The sector with the largest Gothenburg region establishments in the throughout all of Sweden. In the Sweden Gothenburg region in 2020 number of establishments, approximately 28,000, is business Gothenburg region the unemployment services, with a clear majority made up of smaller establishments. averaged 7.5 per cent in 2020, which is Commerce and cultural and personal services also have many 8% still the lowest among the country’s 8 establishments in the region. metropolitan regions, and 1 percentage Source: Statistics Sweden point lower than the national average.

Source: Swedish Public Employment Service and Statistics Sweden 6%6 ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2020, BY SECTOR AND SIZE CATEGORY

ESTABLISHMENTS 1-4 5-19 20-199 200+ SECTOR WITH NO EMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES TOTAL 4%

4 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Business services 18,873 6,728 1,561 705 57 27,924

Office-based Commerce 8,192 3,635 2,436 673 18 14,954 employees in the Gothen- Cultural and personal services 11,934 2,091 643 158 7 14,833 burg region will increase by Property 9,963 1,102 259 77 5 11,406 100,000 Construction 5,220 2,942 1,134 423 11 9,730 from today's 150,000 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 8,132 213 49 8 0 8,402 employees to around Information and communication 5,236 2,161 482 249 18 8,146 250,000 Health care and care 2,973 1,169 874 587 54 5,657 employees in 2035 Education 2,706 480 873 633 17 4,709 Manufacturing and mining 2,871 926 565 285 31 4,678 Source: Evidens Hotels and restaurants 1,476 1,027 924 225 1 3,653

Transportation and warehousing 1,844 896 450 251 23 3,464

Financial services and insurance 2,589 414 161 49 7 3,220

Unknown 447 29 4 0 0 480

Energy and the environment 273 81 54 36 3 447

Public administration 16 36 59 160 35 306

Gothenburg region total 82,745 23,930 10,528 4,519 287 122,009 Photo: Frida Winter / BRG

20 21 BUSINESS

The largest companies LARGEST COMPANIES IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION by employees BY NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES The majority of the largest companies in the RANK COMPANY NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 2020 Gothenburg region engage in research and development at a world-leading level. Volvo 1 Volvo Cars 16,475 Cars, with its development and production 2 Samhall 3,775 in Torslanda, is the single largest private 3 Chalmers University of technology 3,275 employer in the Gothenburg region. In total, the Volvo Group has over 12,000 employees 4 Volvo Technology* 2,925 in the Gothenburg region. 5 Volvo Trucks* 2,725

Source: Statistics Sweden 6 SKF 2,400

7 AstraZeneca 2,325

8 Postnord 2,025

9 Veteranpoolen 1,925

10 Ericsson 1,825

* Part of the Volvo Group, which employs more than 12,000 people in the Gothenburg region.

4. LARGEST COMPANIES IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION Home to Sweden’s two largest companies BY TURNOVER The list of the companies* reporting the RANK COMPANY TURNOVER 31-12-2019, MSEK highest turnover is topped by the Volvo Group and Volvo Cars, which also are the 1 Volvo Group 431,980 two companies with the highest turnover 2 Volvo Cars 274,117 in Sweden. In third place is SKF, followed 3 SKF 86,013 by the Stena Sphere and Carl Bennet. 4 Stena Sphere* 63,366 * Only companies with their head office in the Gothenburg region. 5 Carl Bennet** 60,567

Source: Largest Companies 6 Bilia 29,508 Business 7 Cellmark 27,803 8 Willy:s 27,4 80 The Gothenburg region is home to a broad and 9 Hedin Group 25,971 multifaceted business environment. 92 per cent of 10 Ekman & Co 16,003 Sweden's industries are represented here, with about * Reported here as a group including Stena, Stena Metall and Stena Sessan. ** Reported here as a group including Getinge, Lifco, Elanders, Dragesholm and Symbrio. 750 industries identified in the region. Some of the . world's leading companies within their sectors are headquartered in the region. The Gothenburg region Companies with the LARGEST LISTED COMPANIES IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION is also characterised by a strong entrepreneurial spirit highest market value BY MARKET VALUE One more way of assessing a company’s RANK COMPANY MARKET VALUE 01-02-2021, MSEK and about 8,200 companies were started in 2020. size is to consider its market value*. Of the companies based in the Gothenburg region, 1 Volvo Group 430,266 the Volvo Group tops the list followed by the 2 Latour 135,390 investment company Latour, SKF and the 3 SKF 101,818 real estate company Balder. 4 Balder 79,262 * Only listed companies with their head office in the Gothenburg region. 5 Getinge 63,788

Source: Avanza 6 Castellum 56,644 7 Wallenstam 40,260

8 Vitrolife 32,695

9 PowerCell Sweden 19,887

10 Platzer 12,305

22 Photo: Frida Winter / BRG 23 BUSINESS BUSINESS

Every tenth start-up NUMBER OF NEWLY STARTED COMPANIES IN Commerce and manufacturing TURNOVER IN MSEK BY SECTOR 2019 is established in the THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2000-2020 have the highest turnover SECTOR TURNOVER 2019, MSEK SHARE Gothenburg region 1000010,000 In 2019, the total turnover in the Gothenburg The Gothenburg region is making great region was about SEK 1,472 billion. Commerce 435,721 29.6% efforts to facilitate the start-up process Commerce and manufacturing and mining Manufacturing and mining 389,438 26.5% accounted for more than half of the region’s for entrepreneurs. Since 2000, the number 80008,000 Business services 185,200 12.6% of newly started companies in the region total turnover. Business services, construction Construction 102,480 7.0% has doubled. In 2020, over 8,200 new and transportation and warehousing also companies were started in the Gothenburg constitute a significant portion of the region’s Transportation and warehousing 98,842 6.7% 60006,000 turnover. region, corresponding to 11 per cent of Information and communication 77,569 5.3% all newly started companies in Sweden. Source: Statistics Sweden Property 51,704 3.5% Source: Growth Analysis 40004,000 Financial services and insurance 31,718 2.2% Hotels and restaurants 19,979 1.4%

Energy and the environment 19,272 1.3% 2,000

2000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 8,204 Cultural and personal services 11,985 0.8% newly started companies in 2020 Education 10,571 0.7% Healthcare and care 8,513 0.6%

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 3,686 0.3%

Public administration 2,371 0.2%

Unknown 23,242 1.6%

Gothenburg region total 1,472,291 100.0%

The region’s private sector VALUE ADDED IN MSEK BY SECTOR 2019 generates high value added SECTOR VALUE ADDED 2019, MSEK SHARE The highest value added in the Gothenburg region comes from business services, Business services 145,674 23.9% followed by manufacturing and commerce. Manufacturing and mining 110,237 18.1% 92% Together they make up more than half of the Commerce 88,568 14.6% of all industries in Sweden region’s total value added in 2019, which are represented in the amounts to SEK 608 billion. A reason why Construction 51,478 8.5% Gothenburg region business services contributes greatly is that Property 46,827 7.7% Photo: Kalle Sanner / Göteborg & Co companies such as Volvo Cars, the Volvo Information and communication 46,310 7.6% Group, AstraZeneca, SKF and Ericsson have sub-activities that are included in this specific Transportation and warehousing 41,651 6.8% sector. This confirms that the traditional Healthcare and care 16,487 2.7% industrial production has integrated a growing Investments in housing REAL INVESTMENT VOLUME IN SEK BILLIONS IN OFFICES, Hotels and restaurants 16,161 2.7% number of technology services as the goods FACILITIES AND HOUSING IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION – FROM 2009 and offices in the for the final consumer become more and more Financial services and insurance 12,900 2.1% Gothenburg region 7070 advanced. Cultural and personal services 12,625 2.1% Office premises Large construction projects will proliferate Source: Statistics Sweden Facilities Energy and the environment 9,872 1.6% in the coming years. During 2019 about 6060 Housing Education 6,893 1.1% SEK 62 billion was invested in facilities, 22 22 22 housing and office premises in the Gothenburg 5050 21 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2,266 0.4% region. The forecast for 2020 indicates 16 17 14 Public administration 10 0.0% investment volumes totalling SEK 64 billion. 40 13 40 9 10 12 9 9 Unknown 484 0.1% 13 Up until year 2035, investment volumes 9 12 12 9 8 30 9 in the Gothenburg region are expected to 30 9 Gothenburg region total 608,445 100.0% 8 8 6 amount to over SEK 1,000 billion. 7 8 2020 Source: Swedish Construction Federation 31 31 33 32 28 28 25 22 23 1010 20 21 19 19

SEK billions 0 0 2009 2010 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 forecast 2020 forecast 2021

24 25 BUSINESS BUSINESS

Prominent clusters in the Gothenburg region TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS In the Gothenburg region there are many clusters that contribute to the region’s The Gothenburg region is Scandinavia’s most important logistics hub. Here you find leading strong innovation capacity and competitiveness. Here are some examples. competence within logistics and advanced Source: Business Region Göteborg transportation infrastructure. The region is the national centre for R&D within sustainable logistics and transportation solutions. AUTOMOTIVE The automotive cluster in the Gothenburg region is world leading in safety, electrification, autonomous engineering technology and connected vehicles. The region’s automotive cluster is home to OEMs such as Volvo Cars, the Volvo Group, Geely, CEVT and NEVS, as well as to many large and specialized tech, design and service suppliers to the automotive industry.

CLEANTECH The cleantech cluster is strongly linked to other industries in the Gothenburg region in areas such as energy efficiency, renewable fuels and renewable energy, electromobility, waste systems and air and water treatment. The companies are suppliers in these areas with both technology and service production. The City of Gothenburg has long been at the forefront in setting environmental and climate requirements and this has driven the development in the cleantech cluster. LIFE SCIENCE Life science is one of the fastest growing ICT industries in Gothenburg. Here you find one of The Gothenburg region is home to cutting edge Europe’s largest university hospitals and one expertise in several fields. The ICT companies of AstraZeneca’s three globally strategic R&D in the region hold a strong position in areas centres. In the coming years, the life science such as embedded systems, infrastructure cluster will be further strengthened with major and cloud, microwaves, mobile technologies investments being made in Sahlgrenska Life as well as visualisation and gaming. and the new health cluster GoCo Health Innovation City.

ENERGY The energy production in the Gothenburg region is complete with power generated from wind, water, SHIPPING solar and waste. Gothenburg is a world leader with Gothenburg is the leading port in the Nordics and the its extensive district heating network and has the city is a centre for research and development within world’s most efficient energy recoveries from waste. marine energy extraction, biotechnology and maritime The region is also home to Sweden’s largest existing operations as well as fisheries and aquaculture. and planned solar cell parks.

Photo: Mostphotos, Port of Gothenburg Photo: Port of Gothenburg, Mostphotos

26 27 POPULATION, LIFESTYLE AND EDUCATION

Population growth continuing POPULATION IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2000-2020 For many years, the Gothenburg region has AND FORECAST FOR THE PERIOD 2021-2035 had birth and migration surpluses. During 12500001,250,000 the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the region’s Population population increased by about 8,000 12000001,200,000 Population forecast residents. By 2035, the region is expected 1,150,000 to be home to just over 1.2 million people. 1150000 1,100,000 Source: Statistics Sweden and Region Västra Götaland 1100000 10500001,050,000 10000001,000,000 950000950,000 900000900,000 1,049,592 850000850,000 residents in the Gothenburg 800,000

800000 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 5. region in 2020 Living in a growing region YEARLY POPULATION GROWTH 2000-2020 Every year since 2000, the Gothenburg 2.0%2,0 region’s population has increased by around Gothenburg region one per cent. The region has throughout Sweden the entirety of the 2000s seen a greater population growth than Sweden as a whole. 1.5%1,5

Source: Statistics Sweden

1.0%1,0

Population, lifestyle 0.5%0,5

0% and education 0,0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 More and more people are choosing to live in the Gothenburg region and in 2020 its population was more than one million people. The population is relatively young Younger than the national POPULATION BY AGE GROUP 2020 average and more highly educated than the national average. Access 35%35 to academic education and world-class companies makes the A comparison with Sweden’s average Gothenburg region age breakdown in 2020 shows that the 30%30 Sweden region more attractive. The Gothenburg region’s two Gothenburg region has a relatively young universities collectively have around 60,000 students. Also, population. The share of age group 0-44 25%25 is larger than the national average, while the Europe's coolest neighbourhood is found in Gothenburg. share for age group 45-65 is smaller. 20%20 Source: Statistics Sweden 15%15

10%10 5%5 0%0 0-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years 65+ years

28 Photo: Frida Winter / Göteborg & Co 29 POPULATION, LIFESTYLE AND EDUCATIO

Tertiary education level HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION COMPLETED, higher than the national AGE GROUP 25-64, 2019 average Tertiary education and research education Compared to Sweden as a whole, a larger proportion of the 25-64 age group in the Gothenburg region has a post-secondary education, up to the level of doctoral Secondary education studies/research education.

Source: Statistics Sweden

Primary education Gothenburg region Sweden

0%0 10%10 20%20 30%30 40%40 50%50 60%60

Gothenburg region is an attractive place to live, work and study 6.

European Capital of Smart Tourism 2020 60,000 students Source: European Commission, 2020 The region’s two largest seats of learning are the University of Gothenburg, with some 50,000 students, and Chalmers University of Costs and taxes 2nd Technology, with just over 10,000 students. Both universities are among the world’s The Gothenburg region is a competitive location of 50 cities: best in several research fields. for businesses. The corporate tax rate is low and World’s smartest cities. The world’s Source: University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, 2021 the rental market is among the hottest in Europe. Source: Future Today most sustainable Instutite, 2019 In addition, foreign key workers in Sweden are destination granted a certain degree of tax relief. Source: Global Destination Sustainability Index, 2019

Europe’s coolest neighbourhood 3rd is found in Järntorget and Haga, Gothenburg. Most liveable city in the world for European expats. Source: The Guardian, 2020 Source: ECA International, 2021

30 Photo: Frida Winter / BRG 31 COSTS AND TAXES COSTS AND TAXES

Employer contributions STATUTORY EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS Office rental OFFICE LEASES BY AREA IN GOTHENBURG, 2020

All employers pay social security contributions % OF WAGE / SALARY 2021 Office rental prices vary between different SEK/m2 per year for their employees. These comprise contribu- Retirement pension 10.21 districts in Gothenburg. The map below 4,000 tions for pensions, health care and other social provides an overview of the various areas of benefits. The contributions amount to a total Survivor’s pension 0.60 Gothenburg, with a summary of rental prices of 31.42 per cent. Health insurance 3.55 for these areas listed to the right. The highest rents are in the Central Business District 3,000 Source: Swedish Tax Agency Parental insurance 2.60 (CBD), while the lowest rents are observed Occupational injury insurance 0.20 in West Gothenburg.

Unemployment insurance 2.64 Source: JLL 2,000 Payroll contribution 11.62

Total statutory employer contribution 31.42 REMAINING E20 HISINGEN

NORRA 1,000 ÄLVSTRANDEN CBD*

EAST GOTHENBURG

Salary levels in MARKET SALARY STATISTICS* REMAINING INNER CITY 0 the Gothenburg region MONTHLY SALARY (SEK) CBD* Remaining Norra Remaining West East Mölndal PROFESSION 10TH PER- 40TH PER- 60TH PER- 90TH PER- Inner City Älvstranden Hisingen Gothenburg Gothenburg Presenting income distribution using percentiles CENTILE CENTILE CENTILE CENTILE E6 WEST gives a good picture of the most common wage GOTHENBURG MÖLNDAL Economics and finance managers 40,200 57, 20 0 70,100 106,600 * Central Business District. levels. In this table, the figure in the column for Economics and finance operation the 10th percentile corresponds to the maximum 39,500 54,100 63,000 88,100 managers wage earned by 10 percent of that category. An example, 10 percent of the sales persons in Human resources managers 39,000 56,000 69,600 105,800 commerce earn SEK 24,500 or less, whereas Management and planning managers 46,200 61,500 75,000 137, 20 0 Competitive corporate tax CORPORATE TAX RATES – A EUROPEAN COMPARISON 2021 60 per cent of the same profession category Management and planning 34,000 45,900 53,400 84,300 earn SEK 31,400 or less. operations managers In a European context, Sweden’s corporate Sales and marketing managers 44,100 61,000 71,300 101,900 tax rate is competitive. The corporate tax United Kingdom *The numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred. Storbritannien rate in Sweden in 2021 is 20.6 per cent. Sales and marketing operations Finland Source: Almega, September 2020 41,800 56,400 65,200 88,400 Finland managers Source: KPMG, 2021 SwedenSweden IT managers 48,000 64,000 75,800 103,600 DenmarkDenmark IT operations managers 44,100 58,700 65,000 86,200 ItalienItaly Managers in information, 42,000 63,900 76,000 111,500 communication and PR Nederländerna Nedtherlands* Operations managers in information, * Small and new companies can benefit Spain* 40,000 55,000 62,600 82,000 Spanien communication and PR from lower corporate tax. France Managers in purchase, logistics ** The corporate tax rate in Germany varies Frabkrike 38,500 55,900 66,000 100,600 and transport between 22.83 and 36.83 per cent TysklandGermany** 25% depending on geographical location. Operations managers in purchase, 37,50 0 51,500 59,600 81,700 tax relief for foreign key staff during logistics and transport 0%0 5%5 10%10 15%15 20%20 25%25 30%30 35%35 their first five years in Sweden from Auditors, accountants and economists 28,500 38,700 45,600 65,000 1 June 2020 Organisation development experts 34,200 45,500 53,300 71,500 Source: Taxation of Research Workers Board, 2021 Market analysts and marketing specialists 33,000 43,000 49,000 64,800 Systems analysts and software 36,600 47,000 52,000 62,200 WITHHOLDING TAX RATES 2021* engineers Comparison of taxes Since 2013, Sweden has become one of Software and systems developers 33,100 42,000 46,800 58,000 the most attractive places in the world for Engineers and technicians in 31,000 37,30 0 42,500 55,900 construction holding companies. Sweden offers around 90 tax agreements in addition to the low TYPE OF TAX SWEDEN DENMARK FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY NETHERLANDSUNITED KINGDOMUSA Engineers and technicians in 20% 31,500 39,000 44,000 57,10 0 electrotechnology corporate tax rate. Sweden’s tax climate tax reduction for R&D employees Interest 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% Engineers and technicians in chemistry also holds up well in comparison to other 29,700 36,400 41,800 56,300 and consultants and chemical engineering countries, as companies are not taxed on Dividends 0% 0% 20% 26.5% 25% 0% 0% 0% Source: Swedish Tax Agency, 2021 interest income, share dividends and Computer technicians 27,000 35,300 40,300 51,500 Royalties 0% 22% 20% 26.5% 15% 0% 20% 0% royalties. Company sales staff 29,000 39,700 46,000 61,100 Source: Deloitte, 2021 * Rates apply to payments to non-residents. Purchasers and tender issuers 32,200 39,800 45,000 58,200

Administrative assistants 24,000 30,000 33,000 42,000

Sales person in commerce 24,500 28,900 31,400 43,700

32 33 COSTS AND TAXES

Nordic cost comparison 2021

STOCKHOLM

SEK 120 OSLO

SEK 190 SEK 1,500

SEK 3,300 SEK 7,500

SEK 4,900 SEK 95,500 SEK 88,000 7. HELSINKI

OSLO STOCKHOLM

GOTHENBURG

SEK 110

SEK 1,500 GOTHENBURG HELSINKI

SEK 3,700 SEK 130

SEK 60,500 SEK 3,100 COPENHAGEN Climate and SEK 4,600 the environment SEK 87,500 COPENHAGEN The Gothenburg region boasts world-leading competence in SEK 180 solutions for reduced CO² emissions and cleantech. The region has numerous partnerships involving energy, smart urban SEK 4,800 development, transportation, and waste management – aiming SEK 3,000 to reduce the impact on the environment. An area that has been very successful for the region is the shift to a fossil-free SEK 67,000 transportation system and energy solutions, and to create living A cheaper meal testbeds for innovative sustainable solutions. Green bonds have Maximum monthly fee for 1 child at preschool played an important role in financing the investments and Gothenburg was the first city in the world to issue green bonds. Office rent per m2 CBD / year

Average price per m2 for a city apartment

Sources: Numbeo, each city's official homepage, JLL and Global Property Guide. Exchange rates from NOK to SEK, DKK to SEK and Euro to SEK retrieved on 17 february 2021.

34 Photo: Michael Åkerström / BRG 35 CLIMATE AND THE ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Better air quality in AIR QUALITY IN GOTHENBURG 2000-2019* CO2 emissions REAL GROSS REGIONAL PRODUCT (GRP) AND CO2 Gothenburg and economic activity IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2000-2018 (INDEX 2000 = 100) 40 40 Nitrogen dioxide For decades, Gothenburg has worked actively The Gothenburg region’s emissions of carbon 200 Particulate matter level (PM10) 200 to improve the city’s air quality. Over the dioxide have been at a constant level for most Real BRP longer term, Gothenburg has reduced airborne of the 2000s. At the same time, the region’s CO2 30 180 nitrogen dioxide levels. Over the longer term, 30 economic growth stands at 93 per cent, and 180 Gothenburg has reduced airborne nitrogen the population has increased by 22 per cent, 160 dioxide levels and during the past 10 years the meaning that the emissions per growth unit 160 city has even managed to reverse the upward 2020 have decreased*. Since 2000, carbon dioxide trend in coarse particulate matter levels emissions in the region have decreased by 140140 (PM10). 11 per cent, despite the three large refineries in Gothenburg and the chemical plants in 10 120 * Air quality is based on statistics obtained from the 120 10 Stenungsund. Altered production patterns in ’Femman’ measuring station in Gothenburg. energy production meant that CO2 emissions 100 Source: Environmental Administration, City of Gothenburg spiked in both 2010 and 2016, but the 100 µg/m3 0

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 general trend is downward. Index 80

80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 * We can only measure emissions produced in the Gothenburg region.

Source: Statistics Sweden and Swedish National Emissions Inventory Recycled energy keeps WASTE INCINERATION* IN GOTHENBURG 1992-2020 us warm 60060 Gothenburg is highly competent when it comes to waste management. Even though the city 50 incinerates more waste than before, emissions 500 are decreasing over time. The heat from waste incineration represents a third of the district 40040 heating in the region and approximately 5 per Incinerated (kilotonnes/year) cent of the electricity demand in Gothenburg. 30030 In addition, 60 per cent of electricity produced comes from biogas. 20020 Photo: Jonathan Fernström / BRG * Statistics for waste incineration refer to Sävenäs waste treatment facility. 10010 Green bonds contribute DISTRIBUTION OF GREEN BONDS IN GOTHENBURG 2013-2020, MSEK Source: Renova to sustainable growth 0 PROJECT 2013-2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

0 1992 1993 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 The City of Gothenburg issues bonds Ultrafilter 570 22 27 Cleaner air with smart to finance various environmental initiatives within renewable energy, GOBiGas 920 -920 heating and cooling public transportation, water treatment, Electric vehicles 60 19 17 27 34 energy efficiency, smart power grids, In order to supply Gothenburg with heat, Nitrogen emission reduction 321 32 3 we have a far-reaching district heating SUPPLIED ENERGY INCLUDING PRODUCTION METHOD FOR urban planning and waste manage- Tree planting 19 6 8 7 8 system used to distribute energy from GOTHENBURG’S DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM 2020 ment. Green bonds valued at about different heat sources. The district heat- SEK 2 billion were issued in 2020. Celsius district heating 5 ing network in Gothenburg measures The market shows great interest in Pedestrian city 60 17 32 17 8 about 1,230 km in length. It heats 90 Recovered energy 79% green bonds and since the start in per cent of the apartment buildings in 1% Cogeneration of waste 26% Cycling city 88 28 65 84 80 Gothenburg, some 12,000 houses and Industrial surplus heat 30% 2013, green bonds totalling some Efficient traffic lights 91 37 43 18 46 countless factories, offices, shops and Waste water 11% SEK 12 billion have been issued. other public buildings. The district heat- Flue gas condensation 13% Sustainable construction 1,194 588 707 906 70 20% Source: City of Gothenburg ing system enables us to utilise a large Energy-efficient housing 815 544 830 1,633 1,302 amount of energy that would otherwise Renewed energy 20% dissipate into the atmosphere or the sea. Cogeneration (biomass) 7% Trams 170 91 41 9 -311 Some 79 per cent of our district heating Boiler (biomass) 4% Kodammarna water pumping station 34 80 66 117 comprises heat recovered from other Purchased heat (biomass) 2% Electricity to waste activities, such as waste incineration Solar farm 38 6 31 water heat purr 5% and refineries. In recent years, a district 79% Auxiliary electricity Selma Stad 239 214 118 cooling network has also been developed (pumps etc.) 2% for offices, hospitals, factories and other Water management 103 55 buildings. The technology is simple, quiet Fossil energy 1% Green Buildings 210 277 and resource efficient, with the cooling Cogeneration coming from recovered energy and the (natural gas) 1% Electric buses 92 40 cold water of the river Göta Älv in Boiler (natural gas, oil) 0% Annual total 4,314 1,396 1,183 3,414 1,902 Gothenburg. Source: Göteborg Energi Source: Göteborg Energi Total allocated 4,314 5,710 6,893 10,307 12,209

36 37 CLIMATE AND THE ENVIRONMENT

More travel fuelled PERCENTAGE OF VEHICLE KILOMETERS RUN ON RENEWABLE FUEL by renewables IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN GOTHENBURG REGION 2007-2020 MORE FROM US! 98 More and more travels in public transporta- 96 96 97 100%100 93 tion are made with renewable fuels. In HVO Learn more about the business environment and doing business in the Electricity 85 2007, about one third of public transport 80 Gothenburg region from Business Region Göteborg's other reports and Biogas in the Gothenburg region was powered by 80% publications available on our website: www.investingothenburg.com 80 Biodiesel 73 renewable fuels. By 2020, this figure had exceeded 98 per cent. Biodiesel, electricity 58 60% Business R&D in Western Sweden and biogas have contributed the most to 60 49 In this report we present the big picture of the business R&D expenditure phasing out non-renewable fuels in the in Västra Götaland. We do this by analysing how the region is doing region’s public transportation. 36 40%40 internationally compared to other European regions. The report also 29 Source: Västtrafik 28 27 presents how the business R&D expenditure in Sweden, especially in the metropolitan counties, develops over time. The report is published 20% 20 every second year.

0%

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Economic Outlook Did you know… Published quarterly, Economic Outlook provides a summarised view of the economic situation in Gothenburg in comparison to other Swedish metropolitan regions. The report presents many up-to-date performance indicators for trade and industry, including those linked to the labour market. Three zones with zero emissions 100% Invest in Gothenburg In Gothenburg Green City Zone, All of the city’s heavy This publication presents the Gothenburg region’s key industries, investment new technology in both vehicles vehicles for waste collection opportunities and assets for doing business. and infrastructure will be tested. have been running on 100% The goal is to build a climate-neutral Electrified fossil-free fuel since transportation system in the zones by 2015. Come join us transport system 2030. We are talking about a Source: Renova This brochure provides information on what it's like to live, work and study completely new climate-neutral by 2030 in the Gothenburg region. transportation system. Gothenburg has a strong position as an Source: Business Region Göteborg international role model within electrified Retail guide transportation and energy solutions in the transition to a fossil-free transportation system. Retail Guide is an annual publication that presents retail opportunities The city’s efforts are now being gathered in Sweden and the Gothenburg region, and provides facts and information World’s most to increase the pace and transition into about the market, demand and supply. sustainable destintion a fully electrified transportation system by 2030. Gothenburg is the most sustainable Source: Västtrafik destination in the world according to the Global Destination Sustainability Index (GDSI) A sustainable 2016-2019. Now we can add another city – digitally open award to the list; Lonely Planet has named Gothenburg as the world’s Best to the world Sustainable City Stay in 2021. Now you can explore Gothenburg’s STAY UPDATED! Source: GDSI, 2020 and smart and sustainable solutions with Lonely Planet, 2021 VR technology. With or without VR glasses, you can take a look in three award- News, stories, analyses and more. Sign up for our newsletter and follow winning innovative buildings with us on social media to stay updated on what’s happening in Gothenburg’s +1 000 many exciting solutions. business environment. www.investingothenburg.com/follow-us charging points for vehicles Source: Green Gothenburg/ Smart City Sweden West #1 500 new charging points are now being in the UN Sustainable installed around Gothenburg. With the Development Report. Sweden previous expansion, this means that there ranks the best of the UN list of a www.greengothenburg.se are over 1,000 public charging points in country’s progress towards /virtual-tours Gothenburg. For faster charging, there achieving all 17 Sustainable Development Goals. are also twelve fast chargers and one super-fast charger, as well as access- Source: SDG, 2020 ibility-adapted charging points.

Source: Göteborg Energi

Photo cover: Frida Winter / BRG

38

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