A Chronicle of Carroll College

by Carol Pelton

thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partia.l Fulfillmen t of the Re­ quirements for the degree of Master of Education.

·{ilwaukee , Wiseonsin \fay, 1940

GRADUATE SCHOOL LIBRARY MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY 1

TABL~ OF CO. TENTS 12556 90 Pages

Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• iii -iv Cha pter 1. :F' irst Period, 1841-1860 - Establishment of Carroll as a College • •••.••••••••••• ••• 1-16

Ea rly Documents of Carroll College •••••••• 2 Naming of Carroll Colleg e ••••••••••••••••• 4 Organizatio n of College Boa r d of Trus tee s and The ir Early Work ••••••••••••••.••• .••• 5 Tnird Charter i n History of Carroll Col- lege ...... '.... ., ...... 6 Sites, Buildi ngs , Grounds ••••••••••••••••• 7 Faaul ty d uri ng Peri od from 1841-1860 ••••• * 8 Curri cul urn an d :f.e th od s •• • ••••••••••••••••• 10 Fees ... ,...... '•.. ' ...... 14 s tudent Or ganizations •••••••••• .••••••••••• 15

Annual Ca t a l ogues of Firs t Period ••••••••• 15 " ~ " Chapter I I. Second Period , 1866-1904 - Carroll College under Leadership of Doator Ranki n ••••••••• 17-36 Reorganization rior to 1866 •••••••••••••• 18 Doctor Wa lter Rankin - A ~~ue Friend of Carroll College ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 Faculty during Perio d from 1860-1904 • • • ••• 24 Curriculum and Me thods •••.•••••••••••••••• 26 Fees •••.••••..••••••••.•••.•••••••• ., • • • • •• 28 Building and End owmen t •••••••••••..••••.•• 30 Student Organizations ••••••••••••••••••••• 35 Annual Ca t a log ues of Second Peri o d •• •••••• 35 Cha pter III . Third Period , 1904-1917 - Carroll College under Leadersl:li p of Presiden t Garrier ••••• 37- 49

Facul ty .. . ' ...... • . . .• 38 Curriculum and r,-:ethods ••.••••.•••••••••••• 40 Fe e s ...... 45 Building and Endowment •••••••••••••••••••• 45 Stude nt Orga niza ti ons. • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • •• 49 Chapt er IV. Fourth Period, 191'7 to Present Day - Car- roll as a Modern Co lleg e •••••••••••••••••• 50-68

Faaul ty ...... ' . . . . • • ...... •. 51 Curriculum and Me thods ••.•.. • ••••••••••••• 55 Fees •...... ,...... 62 Bu ildi n g an d Endowment ••••••••• .••••••••••• 62 Student Or ganizations. ,•••••••••.•••••••••• 57 11 \

Pases Cha.pterV. Contributions of Carroll College •••••••••• • • 69-79 Philosophy of Carroll College ••••••••••••••• 70 TNhat Carroll College Means to Waukesha ••••• • 75 .Chapter VI . Sucoessful Carroll Graduates ••••• ,••••••••••• 80-87

Interesting In~ormation about Carroll

Gr aduates •• '• • • • • 111 • • -" " ...... a. II- ...... •• 81 Carr oll Gr aduates in Church "me. School ••• •• • 81 Fo~er Carroll Graduates Loca ted i n Dis- t .ant Lands • • •••••' ...... 83- Carroll ~~a.d uates in the rrarr3tic _ield ••••• 85 Famous Carroll Graduat es in Other Occupa-

ti on s . " •••• •••• •• ••••••••.•• • Q • •••••• '. • • •• 86

S U.lJ.Jb... ·e.ry .... S' • • • • • • • • • .. • • .. • • .. • • • • • • • • .. • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 88-90

. pp-endix • •_ ...... ' • ~ ...... e_ ••• • *' • *, • • • •• 9l-97

Bib 11ography ...... ,. • •• 98-99 iii

Introduction

Carroll College is the oldest institution of higher learn­ ing in the State ot: Wisconsin. It is frequently cal led the nPioneer College". Nearly one hundred years have passed since Prairieville Academy, as t he college was first known , was in­ corporated. TIle .80hool has suffered many ViCissitudes, has been under the guidance of different men and women , but a l wa ys t here have been high ideals and a striving to make the school better and more worthwhile for t hose enrolled.

~le problem of the writer has been to br ing the past his­ tory of Carroll College to the reader in such a way tha t he 9Ml appreciate the struggl es and hardships t he oollege has endured . 'l"he wri tel' hopes that t he reader can vlsua l1ze t he past through t he words aud deed.s of t hose pe rsons now gone . There ha s heen very 11 ttle work done by other in vestiga­ tors on the history of this i ns ti t ution of learning . There is one work , ItThe Waukesha ]j'reeman Print'· which uses college re­ cords and sums up the history of the school to 1893. This work has no date on it, nor any author. There has been no attempt since then, other than t his thesis, to bring the history of t he school up to modern times .• The material for this t hesis has been obtained from a va­ rie ty of sources . In the college library there are huge scrapbooks of clip­ pings from The Waukesha Freeman, Wa ukesha Democra t, Milwauke e Journal and fl,'l1lwaukee Sentinel. These scrapbooks are kept up­ to- date by the college librarian. In t he library, also, are t he .L V

files of t he Carroll Eoho, the col lege newspaper; all of the Carroll Coll ege Catalogues ; all of the student yearbooks , the Hinakaga j and all the co pies of the Carroll College Student, a college newspaper published from October, 18 54 to July , 1856. These were all consul ted by the wr1 tel'. In t he college office t here is ke pt a va riety of data which was consulted by the wri t el'. There is a photostattc copy of the fir st ciroular pu bl ished by Prairieville Academy, a copy of the charter of 1849 , t he Minutes of the meetin gs of the Board of Trustees , and copies of various correspondence oarried on by the oollege . In the Carroll College Alumn i Office the writer consul ted t he files wh ich are kept up- to-date on t he present h i story of all living a lumn i of the college .

A t the 01"f1ce of the Waukesha Freerr.an offi ce the wri t el' was gi ven pe r missiop. to see t he f iles of the newspaper back t o t he year 1 920 . The ma t erial i n t hi s history is pre sen ted under the follow- i ng chapter headi ngs :

1 . Establishment of Oarroll a s a College , 1841 - 1860.

2 . Carroll Co lleg e Under Leadership of President Ranki n , 1860-1907 . 3 . Carroll College Under Leadershi p of Presiden t Carrier, 1904.

4 . Carroll as a ~, odem College, 1917 to Pre sent Day . 5 . The Moral Leadersh i p of Carroll Coll ege . 6. Wha t Carroll College Means to Waukesha. 7 . Successf ul Carroll Graduat es . - + - - +- - + -

CHAPTER I

FI RST PE I OD , 1841-1860

ESTABLI SHMEN T OF CARROLL AS A COLLEGE

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1 2

Early Documents of Carroll College

Carroll College was first known as Prairieville Academy. A two-story stone building for academy purposes was begun 1n 1840 and completed in 1841, and was said to be the first structure holly of stone erected 1n Wi s consin. It was located on what is now known as Wisconsin Avenue, directly west of h: . D. Cutler's Park. Prairieville Academy las incorporated by the Territorial Legislature of '!(isconsin, Febr uary 19, 1841, in the town of Prairieville, 1.ilVlaukee County. The town a t that time had a population of t wo hundred people.l Unfortunately a copy of the

charter of 1841 is not in existence, as it would be most interest­ ing to examine .

1. Waukesha Freeman Print, p. 3. Later the town of Prairieville became 'J aukesha , part of "filwaukee County and the territory be­ came the State of Wisconsin. One o f t he ea rliest doc ume nts o f the history of Carroll Co llege wh ich ha s been preserved is a copy of the firs t circ u- l ar which was ever printed advertising the academy. 2 Rven a t this early date t he e mpha si s upon reli giOlls teachin gs can be noted, a s s hown by the f act that t he Bible 1s listed first un­ der t he required books . This emphasi s upon the l mportan~e of re ligiou s teachings has co ntinued to the present day.

2 . Prairieville Academy - Circular, 1841. tiThe trustees of Prairieville Academy , having secured the services of Mr . Silas Chapma n as Principal of t heir i nsti­ tution , with confidence reco mmend it to t he patronage o f t he public. Mr . Chapman has , for four years past, been success­ fully e ngage d in i nstructing as Principal of the Ames Academy , Montgome r y County t n ew York, and brings with him the confidel1c-e of both his old friends and new. The loca tion of t his A. cade my is well known to mos t of the i nhabitants o f this Territory - in the midst of a flourish­ i ng and mora 1 c ommu ni ty, whil® the relig i ous pri vi leges are sur­ pass ed by those of no other place . May, 1841 Ter ms Co mmon English Branc hes, $3 . 00 Hi gher Branches - History, Philosophy, Bota ny , etc. 4 . 50 Latin, Greek , Geometry , Trigonometry, Surveying , e tc . 6.00 Tuition to be paid at t he middle of t he term. The first t erm will conm en ce on the 2nd Monday in J une - the second on the 2nd Mo nday in September - the t hird on the 1st Monday in Decemb er. Teachers in Fr ench, Music and Drawi ng will bee nga ged as soon as there shall be suffi eie nt e ncou rage rnen t . Referenoe s w. R. Wheeler, President of Ames Academy , Montgo cry County, N. Y. Abram Hodge , Secretary of Ame s Academy , Mont go mery Count y , N. Y. Pupils who have in their possession will bri ng as 'rext Books-: The Bible Porter ' s Rhetorical Reader , or Analysis Ol ney's or Smith' s Geography Adam s' new, Hall's or Smi th 's Ari ttl meti c Bu llion's Engli sh Gr amma r Corn s to ok ' s Phi 10 00 phy G-oodrich's Greek and Latin GrammaI'Il 1n.ming of Car 011 College

Mr . Eleazar Root, one of the first professors of the sohoo1, suggested in 1845 t ha t t he trustees raise t he academy to t he grade of a college. They appro ved so he drew up a charter, in wh ich the a oademy was incorporated a s Carroll College. Th is a ct of i ncorporation wa s da ted January 31, 1846. 3 Many ye.ars after t h is, wh ile Mr. Root was living in s t. Au- gustine, Florida, he was aske d why t he school was named Carroll College. He wrote as follows:. "In reference to the name , it was suggested to the Trustees t hat i nasmuch a s ashing ton, Jefferson ., He rni 1 ton and Franklin had colleges named after t hem, t he pro posed college sh ould be named Carroll i n hon or of one of t h e noblest sig ners of t he De c l ara tion of Independence. fI The suggestion wa s adopted and t he college wa s named Carl'oll

3. Waukesha Fr eeman Print , p . 4 .

\ \ ...F

4 College after Charles Carroll of Ca rrollt on .

Organization of College Boa r d of Trustee~ and '111e1 r Ea rly Work

The charter of 1846 provided for t he organization of a col- leg e boa r d of nine trustees . The board was therefor e organized and t heir fir s t work was the election o f t wo p rofessors: Prof es-

. 4 . Proceeding in the Senate and House of Represen ta t i ves upon t he Reception and Acweptance from the s tate of .Ma ryland of the Statues of Oharles Carroll of Carrollto n and of John Hanson, 1890, pp. 52- 55. Oharles Carroll was one o f the most outstand i ng men of his day. He was the second ri chest man in the colonies. Washing ton was t he richest with a fortune es tima ted at $ 750,000.00, while Ca rroll had $.500,000.00. He lived longer tha n any other sig ner of t he De claration of Independ ence. He lived to be nearly ninety­ six years old. He was born at Annapolis , Maryland on September 19, 1737. His gr a ndfather came f r om England in 1688. The family was weal thy so the boy wa.s sent to the best school s in France and "Sng land. He became inspired w1 th the hi ghest i d eals of the nobles t English­ men of the time, such as Doctor J ohnson, Sir Joshua Reynolds and the elder William Pitt. He c ame back to Ame rica wh en he was t we n ty-eig ht year s of age . Oarroll became interested a l mos t i mmedi ately in the fight of the colonies for liberty. He served i n moo tot' the conve ntions wh ich were prelude to t he forming of t he De clar a tion of Indepen­ dence. When the Dec lara tion of Independence was adop ted and he \"Ias a bout to affix his n ame t o it, some - one said laughing ly t hat it would be hard to find him if they Vle re all tried, one day , for treason, since there were so many Oharles Carrolls. He there­ upon seized t he pen a nd si gned his name boldly, ftCharles Carroll of Carrollton" so no- one could mis t ake him. Oharles Carroll was a devout Ca t holic. All during his life h e worked to promote relig ious tolerance and freedom of thought. 6

sor Eleazar Roo t (before mentioned) and Professor J . w. s t e r ­ ling. 5 These two men , under the direction of t he Board of Trus­ tees, conduc ted academy work and a collep:e Freshman c lass in the yea r 1846- 1847. The Board suspended college work in 1848.

Third Charter in History of Carroll College

In 1849 a new charterS was grant ed to Carroll College by the State Legislature of' Vl isconsin. Following is a list of some of t he Provisions of the char ter: 1. Board of 'rrustees was to co ns 1st of twenty- five m.e mbers,

·twenty-four t o be elected b y the Presbyterian Synod of Wisconsin , and the Presiden t of the College to be the ~1 enty-fifth member. 7 2 .. The Trustees we r e required to ma k e an an nual rep ort of t he affa irs of the College to the Synod.

3. Th e Board of Trustee s were t o have superv ision over all affairs of the College . One of the most importan t of their du- 'eies was the a ppoi ntment of the President and all Professors of t he College. 4 . The Board of Trustees shall hnve the rip::ht to an t de-

5 . In November, 1845 , Mr . Eleazar Root came to Carroll to begin the educatjlonal work. He leased too academy building for a per­ iod of seven years on condition he would, a t his own expense, Tl "finish the basement and en close th e grounds wi th a board fence • I t is interesting t o note the la ter career of. these t wo men • ... 'rofessor Root was eleoted first Superintenden t of Schools for t he new St a te of Wisconsin i n 1848 and beoame fir s t President of the Board of Regents of t he Universi ty of Wisconsin. Professor Sterl ing was l a ter the Vice- Prest den t of the Uni vers t t y of Wis­ oonsin. 6. See in App endix. 7. Under the c harter of 1 846 tm Boar d of Trustees had only nine me mbers . "'J.,

grees such as a.re usually gr an t ed by unlv€t'si ties , colleges and seminaries of lear n i ng i n the Uni ted St a tes . 5 . The Boar d s hall hol d t wo regular me e t ings in each year: one i n J une, t he other on the first Tuesday i n October .

6 . The officers shall be Presi den t, Vice- Presi den t , Secre- t ary and Treasurer .

7. There s hall be an Execut.ive Comm ittee, a Fi nance Commit- . \ t ee and an I nstru ction C o mm ~ ttee .

Sites, Bui lding , Grounds

In 1849 as a result of t he modification of the Charter , a separation t ook place bet ween the Academy and the College so that t he building reverted t o a set of A ~ade my Trustees a nd t he Col­ l ege Trustees retained only the Charter. The Academy building was used f or various pur poses. 8 Duri ng 1848, 1849 an d 1850 t he College Trustees were busy trying t o r a ise money to buil d a college building . Land , va lued at t hat time a t ~ 2,300 . 00, was do nated and t he most i mportant tra ct wa s t he College site of 10 acres, being "Lots 1-10 of Bloole

9 , in Outler a nd Charles P. . De.lri n 's add ition to Prairie ville , now

tl a ukesha • Throug h the gift of these t wo men , Morris D. Outler a.nd Oharle s R. Da ki n , t he Oollege c am e in po 6sess1 on of a fine )1 8i te e The work of the school was oarr1 ad on i n the basemen t of the

Pr esbyter-i en Church during t he academic ye a r 1849-1850, and was t hen continued i n this pl ace until the erection of the new co1-

8. I t was used until 1891 by the German Evangelical Church as their plaoe of worship , when it was demolished to make way for a new edi 1'i ce. ,. , 9. Freeman Pri nt and Ristor 1 cal Sketch, 1893, p . 7. ~

leB6 buil ding .

The original C ar~oll College b uildi ng was erected in 1855 and stood uati 1 1885 wlle nit burned . Tl1i s was a stone buildi ng t wo and one-hal f s t o ries ,in hei gh t which mea sured thirty-six by s even ty-four feet with centra l projections and a cupola . During t he early period of Carroll's history there were no separ a te buildings to house t he students. It is interesting to note wha t is sai d i n t he firs'G ca t a l ogue about dormitori es , es­ pe,cially since fifty years l ater t hey wer e consi dered essentia l. nIt was j udged wise i n the foundi ng of the i nstitution to r e ject the old p l an of building rooms for t he a ccomDloda tion of s tuden ts on the college grounds. Under the old s ystem, a great number of s tuden ts bei n g t hrown togethe r in the sarre building , they we r e subjected t o unneces'" sary und unus ua l temptations to idleness , to the violation of the numerous rules wh ic h such an unnat ural conditiou of thing s made necessary, to t he formation of bad babi t s , and to al l t h ose l esser vice s t o mich young men and especia lly students are so liable. Wh ile the dis advantages con ne c ted VI i th t he d ormi tory sys tem, t herefore, are so great , not only i n t he r espec ts named, but in others of equa l i mportance, its advantages a re of so 11 ttle moment t hat a ll our best e duca.tion­ ists ha ve r ejected it a ltogether . " 10

Faculty During Period from 1841-1860

In attemp tin g to write a history of t he facu lt y o f Carroll College, it Vw'O ul d be i mpossible to mention all of the instruc­ tors who served the oollege. However, t here a r e Bo me who stand out promine n tly and tuose are t he ones the writer will tell about.

l1'h6 f irst princi pal of Pra irieville Academy was :PI:r. Silas Chapman . 11 He served until 1845 when Mr . Elea zar Root and Mr.

10 . Carroll College Catalogue , 1855-1856 , p. 6. ,. 11. Prairieville Academy Ci rCU l ar, 1841. v

,1 . J . Stcrlin er d as nrofessors. ? rofessor Root and Drofessor Sterling co nd ucted a ca demy work and a college Fr eshma n clas s in the yes!" 1846-1847 . Severa l unsuc cessful attempts we re

de to get a sui t abl e n. for Presiden t of the College. The college TI ork rias suspended i n 1848 bu t the ne xt year 1 twas 1"e - newed and put in charge of Lu cius I . Root who hod been ele c ted t o tuk e the place of ofesso r Sterl ing . Prof essor Root s uccess- fully co nductad t he s chool i n the basemen t of the Presbyt eri an

(~ hurch dur'i. the acadeoic year 18 49-18 50.

On September 11, 1850, Reverend John A. Savage of ORdens- burgh, New York was ele cted ~es ld en t . Professor TIoot did most of the tea ching for two year s , as Reverend Savage was busy \7i th financial mat ters . And t here i s every i nd i ca ti on to show t hat the fjnancial t ters VJcre so serious that he mus t h a ve been very busy_

The course of Doctor Sa vaGe duri OB tt.l ese years of l ab or and s t ruggle may we ll be regarded TI ith sympa t hy and with adm1ration. Accepting and p erfOT ming the doub le \'lork of Presi den t and of ]'inan cial Age nt , he bor e t he ch i ef burde n of respons ibi Ii t y in the mal ntenance of t he Colle ge . Pr eac hi ng and teachi ng, presiding over the ad­ ministra tion a t home, and p resenti ng i ts claims t o i ndividuals and churches abroad , he gave to t he i ns ti tu tion t h e vig or of h i s best ye a r s . In s p ite of his unti ring effort s , e xpenses were al­ ways ahead of receipts . An e ndow me n t fund was p lanned , b ut was nevcr begun. During h is frequent absences, administration mlls t be neg le ct ~d ; and we are scarcely surprised to find at one time the res i gna tion of three profess ors , with claims for serv i ces which they weI' e di s posed to press by le­ gal measur es ; at ano ther time an unfortuna te quar­ rel bet \? een the stJ.den t s and t he Facu lty , r esult­ ing i n the suppression of a flourishing li terary SOCi e t y , t he conf iscation of tr£ir pI'operty, and t he seces sion of' a number of pro mising but hot­ headed young men, a loss wh ich the i nstitution .LU

could but ill endure . 1I 12

The f~~st catalog ue of Carroll College lists the following members of the faculty : Reverend John A. savage , esiden t of the College and Professor of !len tal and itoral Philosophy; Rever- end Jesse Edward, A . H., Professor of' the Greek and Latin Lan- guages ; Sidney A. Bean, A.M., Professor of Chemistry and Physio­ logy; Edward Daniels, Professor of Geology and Natural History; 'i'(lward P. Evans , A. B., Associ a te Professor of Modern Languages . 13 In t ile c a talog ue of the next year, 1856-1857 , Professor

J..1 acgoffin is menti orred as being at the head of the }:I'ema1e Semi- nal'y whi ch was a brancll of the college.

College olass es we re g raduated in the years 1857, 1858 ,

1859 and 1860. The school wes olosed in 1860 and WilS not oper- ated a~a in co ntinuously until 1 866 . Doctor Savage reta ined his conneotion wi th t he schoo l (:I S f i s ca l agen t until 1863 but no teaching w done after 18 60. 14

Curriculum and Methods

The Prairievi lle l .. ca demy was opened in 1841. IJ.'he following courses of study wer e listed i n t he first circular issued by the academy : Common English Bran cbe s

Hl ~her Branches - History, Philosophy, Botany, etc.

12 . Historical Ske tch of Carroll College, 1893, p . 13. 13. Carroll College Catalogue, 1855-1856, p . 8. 14. Carroll College Catalogue, 1892-1893, p . 9 . Of the nineteen graduates of t he colleg e course, six became minis ters of the Gos­ pel , two had commissions in the army, two were lawyers , t wo were .1ourna1ists, o ne was a druggist J one was a United States Senator and the others were business men. J , J. J.

La tin. Greek, Geooe try , Sur veyi ng, etc. Teachers in French, musi c and nrawine; were to be engaged as they were needed. 15

The first circular stated t hat the first term co~~ enced on the second Monday in June, t he second t e r m on the second Monday in Sep tember, t he third on t he first Monday i n December. I n 1846 the acadec y wa s inc orpornted as a co liege but col­ l ege preparatory work was done until 1853 when 8 oollege Fresh- ma n c l a ss was orga ni zed. At thi s time the school yea r wa s dlvi- de d i n t o t \'l O t erms 0 f t 1,'l en ty-two weeks ea ch , includ ing an inter­ mission of t wo \veek s i n t he middle of each term. The fir s t term CO rrL'D.enoed on t he firs t of Sep temb er an d continued until the fir s t of }f ebruar y . 'Ibe secon d term began on t he e i ghteenth of February and continued until the t hird Wednesday of July after which there wa s a va ca tion o f t wo weeks. lo Freshman exa mi nations were g iven for those wishi ng to enter t he ola ssical oourse in t he gr oomar of the English , Latin and Greek language s ; a.ri thme ti 0; geo graphy ; algebra t hrough equa- tions of the f i rst degree; the Latin reader; Ca esar' s " Co mmen- tariest'; six books of the "Aeneid" of Virgil; fo ur of Cioero's select orations; t he Greek Re ader or some equiva len t and on0 of t he Gospels '. The examination s for entrance to the scten t i fic oo urse were partioularly ri gi d i n English gr a nmar, arithmetic a nd algebra t h rou ~h equations, of the first, to which was added an examina­ tion in elementary history.

15 . 1841.

16. Waukesh a Freeman Pri nt &ld Historic? al Sketch, 1893, D.• 19 . How horrified a Freshman college student of today would be if he \'I'e r e confronted wi t h these same examina tions and expec'ced o pas s them before he c ould even enter college . There were t wo plans of i nstruc t ion in the college work. ne wa s a classical oourse and the other was a scientif io oourse. Under the cla ssioal course the Freshman studied Latin , Greek ,

Al gebra and Geometry. The Sophomores h ad ~~i B ono met r y and Rhe­ toric, French , Latin, Greek , Conic sections and analytioal Geom­ e try. The .Juniors studied Ca loulus, Mechanics, Hydrosta tios and Hydr a ulic s , German , Latin , Acoustics, Pneumatics , Electricity and Optios, Chemi str y and Geology . The Seniors had Log ic , Greek , Psychol ogy , Criticism and the Fi ne Arts, As tronomy, Politioal 3conomy , Animal and Vegetable PhYSiol ogy , Moral Scienee and But­ ler' s Analogy . Th e Fr eshman taking the scientifi c course studied Al gebr a ,

Gene rei Hi s tory , Engli sh Synonyms a no Et ymology , Geom.etry , His­ tory , English La nguage a nd L 1 tera ture. The Sophomores had Trigo­ nome t r y and Rhetorio , French , Surveying and Navigation, Conic Sections and analytical Geometry an d Chemis try . T11e .Juniors moved o n to Calculus, Mechanic s , Hydrosta tic s and Hydraulios, German, Descri pt i ve Geometry and Geometrical Dr aWing , Acoustics , Pneuma t ics , Electricity and Optios , Analyt ioal Chemistry and Ge o1012:Y . The Seniors in the meantime studied Log ic, Ps y chology ,

Criticism and t he Fine Arts , Civil Engineeri ng , Astronomy , } JO­ l itical Economy , A. nimal and Vegetabl e Phys i ol ogy , 1/[o1'al Science and Bu tler' s Analogy . Le ctures were given occasionally t o al l the olasses on

I" 1:

Natura l Theology, the Evidences o.t Christian! ty a nd kindred sub­ jects by the President of the school. I There wa s a college librar y of 1,000 volumes t o .which the student had free acoess at any time . The degree of Bachelor of Arts was given upon graduation from the classical course, and t he degree of Bachelor of Scienoe upon gr aduation from the scientifio course . l oa Four classes were gr aduated from thi s eol.1ege oourse , 19 young men in all. These olasses were aduated in t he year 1857, 1858 , 1859 and 1850. The school was olosed in 1860 and was not opened aga in until 1866 . "The Naukesha Female Seminary has passed in­ to the hands and management of Professor ~ ao g of­ fin, late principal of the Prepar atory Department of the oollege , a nd affords rare f acilities to our ovm and neighboring eitizens for t he eduoation of their daughters. Doctor Maogoffln t s experience and reputation as an eduoator need DO endorsement . tt 17 The oat alogue of the year 185'7- 1858 states that a normal department was organized in this year for the express purpose of training students to teaoh in the publio schools. Their ai ms ere stated as follows : Their - the sehools - should be , by a thor­ ough oulture and a peouliar tra ining , to raise up those able and efficient teachers who are to in­ struot and disoipline t he most numberous clas ses of the community and exert an influenoe in t he very bud , on the fine and manly proportions of Ame rioan citizenshi p. " 17a The students were required to attend public worship on the Sabbath, at any church whioh they chose or their parents direoted.

16a . Carroll College Cat alogue , 1868-1869, p . 11.

17 . ~ ., 1857- 1858, p . 9.

17a. ~ . , l8fi7-1858 , p . 16 . 1·

Bible olasses were formed under t he direotion of either the Presi­ dent or a Professor .from the .College. All wer€ invited to at­ tend. l7b -Fees In attemp ting to write an account o'f college fees during the period from 1841- 1860 the Viri ter encountered dlffieul ties in finding records. These records toget her with many other records must have been destroyed in the fire of 1885. From the Pr a irieville Academy Circu1arlB the following re­ cord of fees charged in 1841 1s available : Common English Br anches -3 . 00 Hi gher Branches - History, Philosophy, Botany, etc . 4 . 50 Latin, Greek , Geometry, SUrveying, etc. 6 . 00

Tuition was to be paid at the ddle of t .he ~erm . There i s no other record relating to fees until 1855 when we find a st atement whioh says that t he tuition in the oollege depart ment at t :rA. t time was $30 . 00 per annum, wh ile t hat in the prepar atory department was $10. 00 to $15. 00 for English branches and t ZO. OO for Gr eek a nd Latin branches . 19 There was an i tem on t he tuition oosts of the period that is of interest.20

tf Any student who does not feel able to pay at t he time , will be oheerfully wa ited on ·until he has finished his course end becomes engaged in some active profession or business whioh will en­ able him to pay. Let no one therefore be detained on a ccount of the tuition. "

17b . Carroll College Cat alogue . 1857- 1858 . p . 18. 18 .

19. Carroll College Cat alogue , 185~ - 1856, p . 11.

20 . ~ ., p . 12. .l ~J

College students must have been considered a preferred flnanc ia 1 1'i sk in those days. Board and r oom were availab l e in th e village a t a cost of from ~ 60 .00 to $100 . 00 for forty weeks inc l uding fuel and lights.

Text books cost fr om ~ 5 .0 0 to CIO.OO and pocket money and inci­ dentals from $5.00 to t lO . OO . 21

Student Or ganizations Carroll's first l iterary society was t h e Phllomathean which was organized in 1854. This society published a mo nthly journal ca lled "'rhe Carroll Co llege Studen t it . Cop ies of nearly all these journal s a re on f 1le at the Carroll College Li brary. ~"'ost of their page s are devoted to persona lit1es and there is very little in them t hat t ell s mu ch of the history of tha t period .

The wri ter looked i.n vain for news t hat was pert~nen t t o t he times. One would think the t wi th th·e C1 vil War imminen t t here would be debates on questions of the day but there Vlere none . 22

Annual Catalogue s of First Period Du ring t he year 1911 t he h istoric residence of Mr . Latimer of Waukesha VIas rebuilt and at that time t wo copies of the first annual catalogue published by Carroll Co llege were f ound. 23 Th is c a t a lo ~ e bore the dat es 1855- 1856. The people of the college were very glad to have this copy of the ca t a log ue as there was no other copy in existence a t that time.

'l~e title page of t h is ca t e. logue of 1855- 1856 announces:

21. Carroll Co llege Catalogue , 1855- 1856, p . 23. 22. Carroll Colleg e Student, 1854- 1856, p . 42.

23. Th is home had once been occupietl by Doctor Ga vage and the ca talog ue had undoubtedly been His . l ~

"First annua 1 c [l t a lo ~1 ., . t he officers and trustee s of Carroll

College for the 'a cademi c year 1855- 1856. 11 Th e board o f t r ustees wh ich '~ er e listed in the ca t al oGue were as follows : "Rev. John A. Savage , D. D., President; I . A. Laphen, Fr . D. Clin to n , Charles P . Dakin , Rev. John H. Buchanan , Vlm. . H. \Va t son , Hon . w. A. Bars tow, Geo. H. Lawren ce, A . C. n ick­ ell , A. G. Hanford , J ohn T. Smith , James Y. V;atson , H. !1 . DaVis , Jason Downer, Alfred astle, M. D., neve A. Miner, VI m. Uorton, J . T. Reafor d , Wm. L. Candee , N. P . Lynde , E. W. Drury, Rev . fl . ~ . Robertson, C. J . ? cttibone , The Presbyteries of Dane , W1nne­ b 6. go and rJilwaukee . t (£he libr ary had copies of the c atQlogues for 1857 and 1858.

~lere seems t o have been no cat a logue issued for t he years 185g or 1860 .

In s umma it can be sa i d the t although t he colle ~ e suf- f ered ma ny 'hardsh i ps duri n £! the f irs t peri od of its hi s tory , it still a ccomp li shed a great deal i n se ttiIl f, u p founnati on for the colleg e t hat was to f oll ow . There was the dr awi ng up and a dop tion of t he c harter which is still used to day . The basic i aeals and aims of the collGge were establ ished. These same high a i ms and i deals have served as a wonderf ul inspiration t hrough all the year s t ha t he ve fo llowed . I I + + I I

I I + + I I

, I + + I I

~ I t1~ 0 G1 I + 0 + I ~ ~ .-.'} I en ...... ~I ::r: 0 t:1 t-'I I t-' 0 I + ~ + ::> 0 tt.- I • I ~ 0 ~ I I + t-I () + I t::1 I I 0 ~ ~ I + 0 0 + I 1-3 -,-/ t-' H 0 CD I-f • ~fj ~ m 01 I ::;'j S I I + ~ t-' + I ..... ~ to I ~ 0 I-f 2: I I + + I I

I I + + I I

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Reorganization Prior to 1855 A period of reorga n ization of t he school occurred between

1860 and 1866. rrhere were insufficien t funds to run t he school, so it was closed from 18 60 until 1863. On October 19, 1863 t he re was a meeting of t he Executive Committee of t he Board of

Tr ustees whero plans were made to reopen t he sch ool under the l uidance and supervision of t hree teachers. These teachers we re Reverend William Alexander , Reverend C. C. Hersman, and Miss J ulia Willard . The salaries of these teachers was very loVi and they were not even sure t hat t h ey wo ul d receive the amount specif i ed as t hei r salary. The records do not s how wha t a mounts t hey actually received .

The school was conducted by t his facul ty for t-wo years , un­ til 1865 , when t he school aea in closed its doors . 2

1. ~J inute s , Vol . 1, p. 9 5 - !_Ieeting Exec utive CO mfii ttee , Oct. 19, 1863 - afterwards adop ted by t he Board . "Resolved - That Rev. Wm. Alexander and Rev. C. C. He rsman and Miss Julia Willard be e ngaged and employed a s tea chers in Carroll College (departmen ts s~ cified ) . Resolved - Tha t the salaries of Prof essors Alexander and Hersll"lan be each a t t he r a te of Ei ght Hundred -C ollars p3 r annum, and that the salary of Miss Nillar d be at the rate of Four Hun­ dred Dollars pe r a nnum . Provided t ha t th e amount of..,..said sal­ aries shall be realized from tuitions, Interests on Endowment Notes, and such collections as s hall be made expre sSl'y for Tea ch ers' sa lar ies from t he Board of Education or ,other source , but if the whole amo Lm t of said salaries shall not be r ealized from the s ource above name d , then and in such case the salary of each shall be in proportion t o the amount so rea lized and no more . tt

2 . Waukesha Freema,n Prin t, p . 22 . .L';I

An i nterest ing item s hows that the colleg e at t his time,

1854, was anxious to secure money to hel p mee t expenses.3

Doctor TIa lter Ranki n - A True Friend of Carroll College

On January 27 , 1860 the Preslden,cy of Carroll Co llege wa s offered by t h e Board of Trustees to Doetor Walter L. Rankin on h is own cuniary respons ibility. 4 Doctor Rankin5 accepted the offer and opened. instruction on

3 . M.i nutes , Vol. 1, p . 99 , Entry May 21 3 1864 . f'The pasturage on t he College 51 te 1s l et to Thos. D. Cook for this season for ~ 21. 00, one dollar of wil i ah may be expended in repa ir s o f fence on the East part of t he Lot . "

4 . Minutes, Vol . 1, p. , 108 - Meeting o f t he Board, Jan. 27, 1856. tf ••••• Resolved t ha t we hereby offer to Wa l ter L. Rankin, of Bas king 11 1 dg e , If. J . the ma.nag emen t of Carroll College and assi g n to him the duties of the Pr esidency of s aid Institution on t he followi n g term.s and condi t ions: The Boa r d of Trustees to repair t he build1 ng' and pu tin c omfortable order for the r esumptio n of i nstru ction and to keep it in repair and to make in re gula r form an applica tion to the esbyterian Board of EdU cation in Philadelphi a for an appro­ priation of Three Hundred Dollars f or t he paymen t in pa rt of the expenses of said instruction , and to g ive to Wa lter L. Rankin free of rent t he use of the College Building , Library and Ap­ paratus. And t he said W. L. Rank i n to co n duct the i nstitu tion on his own pecuniary responsibility • .It being unders tood in t h i s offer tha t wh ile the Boa r d of Trustees will no t in any way be liable for any debts contracted by VI . L. Hankin in t he conduct of the Institution . they will give him in hi s work a l l t he encourage­ men t and assistance in thei r power. " 5. Waukesha D£. 11y Freem.an , July 28, , 1 910. Walter L. Ranki n was born in A. lla habad , India May 7, 1841. Hi s father, the Reverend John C. Rankin, was a miss ionary under the American Board of Foreign Mi ssions . He c ame to America in 1848, attended pre­ paratory school and i n 1857 entered the Sophomore class of Princeton University. He was gr aduated in 1860 at t he a ge of 19 and stood t hird i n a class of 90 . He en tered the l aw offices of Benjami n Williamson at Elizabet h , New Jersey, but l eft to be­ come principal of an Elizabet h ward school and 1n 1866 came to Carroll. ' IUs wife was Miss Ma ry Nickell, the daught e r of a Wau­ kesha pioneer and t here were three children. r . ',0

March 5, 1866, with an attendance of fifteen pupils. (There was no sala ry attached to t he position until 1872. ) The Board agreed t hat t he President ought t o receive Cl,OOO per year for his ser­ vices but he never received it. Ea ch year the Board of Trustees would request the Presbyt erian Board of Educatio n to s end them

.. ~ 300.00 but the Board had c hanged its policy and never sent t h e amount. The deficit each year in his sa l ary amounted to t he sum of ~, 300 . 00 . In t he years t ha t followed Doctor Rankin constant l y had the problem of l a ck of funds to contend with. The writer c annot stress too strongly Do ctor Rankin's unselfish love and devotion for t he college. Not on l y did he give most of his time and ef­ fort to the college, but h e also gave a great deal in a financia l way. y 1871 Doctor Rankin had claims against the college for back salary amounting to {'l, 348. 75. He offered to accept one­ half of tha t amount in payment of his claim. 6 The Board of Trustees a greed to t h i s proposal and Do ctor Rankin wa s paid six hundred and seventy four and 37/100 dollars . Doctor Rankin resigned his position a s President of Carroll Co llege on June 5 ,18 71 . lror the next year Reverend Il . D. F . Lummis carried forward the school assisted by his wife . After one yea r's t r i a l he resigned . The Board of Trustees aRain had to look. for someon e to act as the head of the school .

6 . Minutes. Vol. 1, p. 162 - Meeting of Board . May 21 , 1872 .

"Whereas, Profess or W. L. Rankin has a claim of ~' 1,3 48 .75 and whereas on J uly 31, 1871, he offered to accep t one-half of t hat amount in payment of his clai m, therefore - Resol ved - That this Board accept h is proposi ti on, and pay him Six Hundred and sevent y-four and 37/100 dollars , upon his giving to t he Board a receip t in full of all demands agains t Carroll College . " J)'

In t he me antime Do ctor Rankin for the year 1871- 1872 filled t he position of Profess or of Scien ce in the Pennsylvania Female College a t Pittsburgh , Pennsylva nia a t a salary of C2, OOO .OO.

He was engaged and e 18 cted fo he same position for the follop- i ng y ear. Spending the va cation at Waukesh ith hi s f amily, he

made arr angements to mov e his family to Pi tt sbl~ gh a bout Augus t

1, 1872. A special oar far the conveyance of his g oods was ob­ t a i n'e d and sen t out to Waukesha . The Ro ods 'were packed and ready

to be co nveye d to the car, when a new proposi tion t'1aS made to him ? and 8 in behal f of Ca rroll College . This new propositio n was to offer Doctor Ra nkin the position as Principal of Carroll Co llege for t hree year s a t ~ 1,200.00 per

year . The Board believed tha t through a sys tem of ~' lO.OO pledges

7 . Minutes , Vol. 2 , p .• 6 - Meeting of Executive Committee , July 24. 1872 . "The Trustees o f Carroll College being desi rous of matinB the lnst! tution comm i tted to their care thoroughly ef­ ficien t for purposes of instruct10n, have empowered the Executive Corami ttec to obta in a Princi pal best adapted to ca rry out the de­ sign: After full oonsulta tion and i nquiry t he Executive Committee are unanimous i n offering t he positio n to "'lalter L . Rank1n, but i n order to obtain his serv1ces and to enable him to make t he Institution what it ough t t o be, we i nvite the citizens of Wau­ kes ha and vi cini ty to unite wi th us in the following su bscription. ','Ie , t he undersigned , pledge ourselves to pay Ten Dollars eaeh per year for thre e years , t o the Trus tee s of Carroll Co llege , to enable t hem to obtain t he services of Wa lter L . Rankin. " August een obtained ,to t h is s ub­ f orm-

Resolved - That to tender t h e of Car- r oll College to Wal ter L. Rankin., Resolved - That t o t he extent of t he t ul t10n and of the sub­ scrip tion we are circul a ting , we pledge hi m the s um of Twelve Hundred Doll ars annually for t hree years . 1t ,. '" II ) : I j '~

9 and 10 t hey wo u ld be able t o r a ise his sal ary. Doctor Ranki n decided to accept this offer as he wa s very anxious to see t he college get back to college sta tus again.

The Di r ee tors of the rfe ma le College in Pennsyl van 1a would not relinqu ish their claim t o his s e rvices so h e t a ught t h ere for four mo nths i n the fall of 1872 and prepa red his cla sses for the semes t e r examina tions and in consideration o f tha t fact t he Di- rectors gave him a half year's pay or ~ l,OOO.O O . The college a t ":7aukes tl8, did not open until January 6, 18 73 . One of Doctor Ranki n 's f ondest drea ms was to have an endow- me nt fund . In 18 77 there was a surplus of ~n ,oo o . OO wh ich had been collected very slowl y . Th i s was invested in a mortgage , wh ic11 was the firs t permanen t i nvestment of the school. 11 . In 1879 , Doctor Ranki n accepted a position a t Lake Forest Uni ver s i ty, but in 1881 was agai n recalle d to Carroll College to act a s its head . He i mmedia t ely turn e d his att€ntion toward r aisin g t he endowment f und to the sum of $20,000.00 and by 1886 he had a ccomplished th is. 12 Do ctor Rank i n himsel f do na ted

~) 600.00 to t he cause and his f ather, Reverend John C. Ranki n , skins Ridge, Her: Jersey, donated t;300. 00 .

On January 29 , 1885, (l disastrous fir e occurred whic h

9. Minut ~y'o_ . _ , £ . _ _ u __ _ . ~ __ U OF ______• . -. - _ ... -- - - . --

10. Minutes t Vol. 2 t p. 50 - Annual Meeting of Board, June 26 , 1879 . "The principal received t 1 , lOO . OO t h is yea r , i nstead of ~ 1, 200 .00 having volun t aril y relinquished $100 . 00 and offered to cont inue t hi s if necessary. tI 11. Minutes , Vol . 2 , p. 41 - Annual Meeting of Board . June 28 , 1877. " Total asset s en hand , tn , 005 . 56 . Of this am ount, $1,000. 00 was a loan secured by mo rtgage, bearing 8 percent in- teres t. r • 12 . Historical Sketch of Carroll Co l lege , 1893, p . 25. 23

bur ne .he col l e ~ e build ing . The buildinR was a t otal loss and less t han SS 3, OaO. 00 was received from the insurance.13 The principal a ssembled his faculty and student s and held cla sses in the basement of t he Presbyterian Church. (Two gr aduating class es went f orth from the basement of t he church.)

A bul1din ~ proeram was i mmed iately started with. Doctor

Rankin acting as Financi al Agent. On January 11, 1887, tl'Y3 new building was occupi ed by the school.

It was throu ~h Doctor Rankin' s inf l uence that Mr. and Mrs .

RaJ ph Voorhees of New Jersey became interested in the col1e ~e. In 189814 they Made a contribution to the college of $50,000.00 on condition that the endowment fund be raised to $50,000.00.15

13. Hist ori cal Ske tch of Carroll Co11e ~e, 1893 , p . 25. 14 . Minutes . Vol. 3 . P . 71 - Meeting of the Boa:rd . June 23 . !.§2§.. 15. Minutes , Vol. 3, p . 79 - Meetinsz of the Board , June 22, 1899 . "The annual report of the President and Financial Agent was t h en submi tted, and was heard with grea t interest by the Board. The report d esc~i b e d t he prosecution and the present c. ~md iti on 0 f the work i n behalf of the Hundred Thousand Dollar Fu11d . (Note - r . and Mrs . Voorhees hud agr eed to Five the c o11er e $50,000.00 to .add to t he Endowment. i f t he college would r<.l.ise their present fund to an equal amount. This t hey were ende a vor~~e to do.) It s t ated the chi~ f steps of the work, so far as l a r ge amounts ar e concerned as follows: May 25, 1898; offer of $50,000 by Mr. and Mrs . Ralph Voorhees of New Jersey. Oct, 13, l e98; .subscri ption of $5,000 by Cyrus and Harold McCormick of Chicago. June 9, 1898; subscription of $5,000 by Samuel S~ Ch ilds of Ba sking Ridge, N.J. eb. 28, 1899, subscription of $6, 000 obtained by Dr. John C. Rankin in New York City and telegraphed by him to Waukesha. June 14 , 1899, subscription of $5,000 by Timothy B. Blackstone of Chicago. The' tot a1 footing of t he subscription list to dat e was given as 91, 861.00 leaving the sum of $ 8 , lr~ .0 0 yet to be raised to com­ plete t he fund . A consideraj 1e portion of the amounts Bubscribed had been voluntarily paid. This work of raising the extra ~ 50,000 . 000 was finally accom- plished on Au gust ~3, 1900. It was typ ical of Do ctor Rankin t hat he resigned as Presi­ dent of the College in 1904 i n order that Doctor ":;Tilbur A.. Car- riel' (at that time pastor of t Be lden Avenue Presbyterian Church , Chicago, Illinois) might assume t he head . octOI' Rankin had been talking to Doctor Carrier for some years a bout it and per suading him to t Ake t he step when asked to do so. Doctor Rankin ' s motive in reSiRninp. was to leave the way clear so that the Synod of Wi s co nsin could shape the policy of the college as they chose under new and accepted leadership. ( Doctor Rankin res i g ned as Pr esident January 1, 1904 , but s erved as Vi ce- Presi­ dent for five more years and held the chair of La tin. )

Faculty 1860-1904 Although the college was closed in 1860, Doctor Savage re­ tained his aSSOCiation wi th the college as Fiscal Agent until April 7, 1863, when he resi gned . In the fall of 18 63 the col­ lege r e opene d with Re verend William Alexander a t t he head . He r etained this position until April, 1 865 when the college was aga in closed. In 1866 the Boar d of Trustees offered the Presidency to

Doctor Walter L. Rankin of Basking Ridge , New Jer~ey , who ac­ 16 cepted. His presidency e xtended from ~larch 5, 1866 to .January 1, 1904 and was interrup ted by t wo s hort periods of absence when he served other institutions . The first period of absence was from .Jul y 31, 1871 to January 6 , 1873; the second, from November

16 . Minutes , Vol. 1, p . 169 - Meetjrng of the Board, Jan . 27. 1866. GO

17 4 , 1879 to Septemb er 6 , 1881 . The followi ng corps of i n structors is list ed in the cata- l ogue for 1867- 1868 .

ilalter L. Ranki n , A . ~l . , President . Miss K. C. Dorr, Principal of Fema le Departmen t and Fr ench tea cher. Henry W. Col e and A. H. Porter , Assistants in the Prepar a - tory De partment . Hugo Philler, M. D., Teacher of German. Miss Eliza T. Savage , Tea c her of t he Pri mary Departmen t. Mrs. E . J . Bean, Teacher of Pai n ti ng . N. Morell, As sint ant Teacher of French. s . Ranki n , Teacher of Music. Heverend J . H. Barnard , Lecturer on Elocution .

Because of financial trouble t he colle~ e was unable to car - ry on a fUll program of collegiate work . I t became t he policy of t he college to do only a cademic work. Clas ses were prepared for t he Fr eshman year of colle ~ e and then dismissed to other institutions . Upon Doctor Rankin 's second a s s umptio n as head of t he college i n 1873 , he was at his o wn request elected as Princi pa l , and not as President . 18

In 1892 a Fr eshman class of college gr ade was s t arted . In thi s year there were six teaohers who were listed as follows: w. L. Rankin , Princi pal , Latin and Physics . Samuel B. 'Ray , }la t hema ti c ~ , Physio logy , Pedagogy. Fr ank W. Tilden , Gr eek, Ge r man . Carrie T. J ohnson , History , Litera t ure , Botany. May U. Rankin, French , Elooution , Physical Culture . Henrietta Parks, Assintant i n Engli sh Br anches .

By 1893 t he numb er of instructors had been i ~ cre as e d to nine besides two part time i nstructors . These i nstructors car- ried very heavy teaching loads duri this period . 19 17. Waukesha Freema n Print , p . 23. 18 . Hi s t ori cal Ske t ch of Car r oll College , 1893, p . 39 . 19 . To ill ustr ate thi s statement the writer would like to mention Samuel B. Ray who taugh t i n the course of normal i nstruction. In t he yea r 1885 he is mentioned a s bf11nc: th e tea cher of 1!~a thema t1es , Physiol ogy, English Language and Te~e gra phy . I n 1886 he taught 1.'a therna ti cs , Physiology , Pedagogy , an d Bookkeeping. He cont inue d to tea ch MathematiCS , Physiol ogy, Pedagogy and Bookkeeping until 1891 when t be BookkeepiOR course was omitted f r o m his duties. ~u

Curri culum an d Methods Soon arter-Carroll College was revived in 1866 an academic 20 and semi - oollegia te course a s organized. Professor Vi . L. Rankin was elected President by the Boar d of Trustees at t heir meeting December 21, 1866 , having been previousl y nominated to tha t position by the Synod of Wisconsin. Upon Professor Rankin's first call to the management of t he Institution i n January , 1873, (and upon h i s thir d ca ll to the management i n Sep tember 1881) he was at his own request elec ted as Principal and not as President . The cataloe;ue of 1873- 1874 states that f ar the present Ca rroll College was at­ tempting only the work of a high gr ade academy .21 The Board of Trustees accepted the do ctrine t hat a first class academy is better t han a seco no - r ate co llege and proceeded accord ingly.

The catalogues of l8? 3 - 187~ lists a three- fol d object for t he work 0 f the academy ~ 1 .. To prepare s tudents for t he \1 ork of the Freshman or Sophomore class of s t a te University or other college . 2 . To pr epar e t eachers.

3. To offer a compl e te Hi gh School cours e . " 'The scope of t he i nstitution , howeVer , was decidedly more

20 . Carroll College CatalOgue, 1867- 1868, p . 42 . This cata­ logue wh ic.~ was compiled under Doctor Rankin t s suPe rvision sta tes tha t there Vlere e nrolled at this time a tota l of 148 students. In t he Fr eshman class of the colleg i a te de part men t were seven young men . ( Sometimes vlork of college gr ade was done . In 1870 two young men went to Princeton and entered t he Sophomore class of the college . ) In the preparatory depart- ent VJere 73 young l adies, and 1n the pri mary depart ment 9 boys and 16 g ir Is. 21. There were no college s-w.dents enrolled that year. There were 79 young men and 59 young ladies in the preparatory de ­ partment ond 13 students in the primary department, a t otal of 151 stUdents in all . The faculty was smaller at thi s time . There were 4 instructors, including Doctor Rankin. co:.

than tha t of a preparatory school. The majori t y of its gr a duates were of rna turer years than the ordl nary college p repara tory , and found no difficulty i n passing a t on ce to the l egal or medical school . 1.:i2

In 1892 an adva.nce step was tak en. At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees held in J uly of that year, the follow­ ing en try a ppears in the mi nutes :

flI t was moved by Reverend C. S . Nicker­ son t hat the course of instruction in Carroll College be extended one year. The mot ion pre -va i led . " 23 In accordance with t h is resoluti on a college Fr eshman class was f or me d t he following year, an d a similar class each subse­ quent year . 24

'l"he c urriculum of t he inst! tution embraced the full list of college prepar atory studi es, i ncluding Ancient and Modern Languages , Scientifi c and F.nRlish courses . Be sides these re- quiremen ts t here were also special fea tures, amon g wh ich was a year ' s study of General History, a year of English History and Literature , a year of Experi mental Physics, one to t wo year s in Pedago • The c urriculum covered t he following gr a des : Academic; Preparatory, Sub-Junior, Junior, Middle and Senior; Collegiate; Frcshman.

The s ix VJorkinR r ooms of the college buildine· were OCCU- ple d by the six teachers and were well fi lled fl ith s ch ola.rs .

22 . Historica l Sketch of Carroll COllege , 1893, p . 24 .

23 . Mi nutes , Vol . 3, p . 26 , Annual Meeting o f the Board a July , 13, 1892. 24. The graduates of the first class ( 1893) were Richard A. Rud­ dick, Tr a nt Showerma n , Jarres E . Tho mfls , all of wh om three years lat e r became a lumni of t he Universtty of ~ :is cons i n . Carroll Co llege Catalogue, 1892- 1893, p . 11. ~tj

'Then college work was again gi ven, t he office of President was r eestablished. At t he annual mee ting of t he Board of Trus- tees , hel d June 22 , 1093 , t he follow1 resolution was adop ted:

'Rosol ved by t he Trustees tlla t Wa lter L . Ranki n, A. M., Ph . D., be and 1s hereby select­ ed and appo inted Presi dent of Carroll College , in pursuance of power and au thori t y ve sted in s a i d Trustees by the c harter of said college and in accordance Vi i t h the recomme ndati on of the Synod of ~'ii sc ons i n . !t 25 and 26 Ten year s af t er t he graduation of th e fir s t collegiate F'r eshman cl a s s , a SOpho r-lore class was also started , and Ca r - roll t hus became what is known as a .Junior College. A Sopho­ mor e class of four was organized in ~ept ember , 1 903 and gradu­ a ted from t ho .Tunior Co llege v-'O rk the fo llowi 0(.( June. At the fall r.leeting of the ::3oard o f Trustees , held October 6 , 1 903 , t he follo\'li n g try is found in the Minutes .

t1Do ctor Geor ge M. Colville pre sen ted the followin g paper ( wh ich wa s a pproved and adopted ) . It 1 s with much s ati sf a cti on we have heard of t he succes s of trle raising of the c ollegiate Standar d of Carroll, and we her eby pledge ourselves to renewe d efforts i n keeping t he Institution a t i t s pr esent gr ade of 8 ful l fledged J unior College, and that we approve of any further advance t hat may be found p racticable. " 27

Fees Durin g th is period the r a t es of t uition were v er y r eason- able . tudent s in t he pri mar y department puid r 12 . 00 to t 15.00 per year. In the prepar atory departme nt r ates we re ~ 25 . 00

25 . Mi nut e s , Vol. 3 , p . 33 , Annual Hee tlng of Board , June 22, 1893.

26 . The salary of President nankin wa s fixed at ~ 2 J OOO . OO . Nine years l a ter his sa l ary was i ncreased t o t'2 , 400 . 00, beg inni ng ope ning of sch ool yea r 1902 . 27 . 1tinut es , Vol. 3 , p . 1 26 , Annual Mee ti ng of Board , June 22 , 1893. 2

to S35. 00 . In the collegiate de partment the tuition was ~S 40 . 00 yearly . The student of instrumental music paid $8. 00 per quar- I ter , besides ~ 2 . 00 if he wished the use of a p i ano, vocal music was $2 . 00 per quarter . German was $5 . 00 and French $3 . 00 per

quarter. DrawinfC am printin~ were "at t he u sual rate" . 28 Good board coul n be obtained , the same cat alogue s t a t ed ,

in the vicinity of the colle ~e at $4 . 00 to $5 . 00 per week. Some

of t he students clubbed to ~ eth er and boarded themselves for t he sake of economy . A few student s we r e of f er ed a chance to board

Rt t he President's home at $4 . 50 por week . The c at alo ~e states expressly tha t some parents "may desire the s t udents to be under his cons tan t supervi s i on" •

The ca talo ~ e published in 1873-1874 states t hat t her e were no colle R: e student s i n this year but there were 151 students in

ann prepar atory departments. The tu ~ tion rates in t his. year were lower. The regular rat es we re $6 . 00 to $8. 00 per

quarter and no extra char ~e was de except f or French and Ger- man which was to be .at a moderate rate .

Townspeople were rentin~ rooms to students in the same

year for ~ . 25 a week unfurnished except for a stove . The writer

a ssumes that they furnished t he i r own wood . Board was ~ iven at ~ 2 . 25 per week. 29

Acoordi ng to the catalogues there did not seem to be much change i n rates for many years .

The ter~ of oolleRe t uition were increased by 1901. The fees ranged from $30. 00 t o $40. 00 per year with an incidental

28 . Carroll College Catalogue, 1867- 1868, p. 18. 29. Carroll Co11epe Ca t alogue , 1873- 1874 , p . 2 ~ . 3

fee of ~ 1 . 00 per term for all s1llde nts. 30

Buildi and Endow men t

'~en Doctor Rankin became President in 1866, one of his proble was the payme nt of t he old debt of $3,000. 00 whi ch rested upon t he college. The Presbyterian Boa r d of Education had promised t l,OOO . OO toward t he liquidation of t his debt as soon as the ba lance shou ld be ra ised . By the efforts of C. L. Thomp son , who visited t he churches of Wisconsin , and of Rever- e nd John C. Rankin DD ., who solicited among t he liberal a nd friendly peopl e of Ne vI York and New Jersey, the se co ndi tions were short l y fulfilled, and the insti tution was freed from debt . No standing debt has ever been i nourred sinoe . 31

During the years from 1866 to 1870 a f air and ~rsisten t trial was mad e of the question of self- support. ,The attendance i norea sed t o aunost t he full accommodation of t he building , the enrollme nt r eaching about 150. Economy was practiced in both t he number and t he salaries of the tea chers, and i n t he inoi- dental outlay , but the receipts fr t uition proved en tirely i nadequate to support t he tea chers a nd to keep t he i nstitution alive. No i nstitution, it seems , compe t1ne with the free school system, can exist without e ndowment or some source of contributions . The college t hen r es orted to finan cial solioitation. The Synod of Wisconsin annually reco mm ended the ca use to their churohes and generous helpers responded, so me of them again and

30 . Carroll College Catalo6Ue , 1901-1902 , p . 52. 31. This debt was owed mainly to the heirs of Doctor Savage and to other unpaid teachers. ' 3]

again. But the process of sucking this aid each year became

I more and more irksome. Doctor Rankin r esi gned in 1871 and when he return ed in 1873 a slightl y differen t basis of support was provided . To supplement the receipts fro m tui tion, a three years' annual subscription, in share s of ten dollars, was signed by ten persons, afterwards increased to about seventY-five.32 This plan kept t hings working for aWhile, yet, t hough dupl i ca ted more t han once, it was not a permanent security a gai nst debt . The necessity for so methi ng better beoame more and more evi- dent . Be ginning with 1881 there i s an encouragi ng financial his- tory of the scbool. Professor Rankin was again placed i n charge of t he school, after having been for t wo years a member of the racul t y of Lake Forest Uni versi ty . Dun ng the firs t of these years oressor George H. Reed was Erincipal of Carroll College, but r esig ne d in Sep te mber, 1880 and for t he res t of tha t year t he doors of Carroll College were closed.33 The Alumni of the

school rea lizing tile critical situation held a meeting Au~st 23, 1881. At t his mee ti a subscription to a f, 20 ,OOO. 00 en- do wment was begun and its further proseoution put in the hands of Doctor Rankin. 34 The movemen t mad e slow but steady progress.

32. Minutes , Vol . 2 . p . 20 , Annual Meeting of Boar d , Jul y 7. 1874. "The plan for raising money by ten dollar subscriptions, half of the amount t o go for i mmediate use and half for the investment, is meeting with co nsiderabl e favor and success. Seventy-five sub­ scriptiOns have been obtained up to da te,. and we hope for many mo r e . " 33. Professor Reed resign ed to t ake a position as head of the I n­ dustrial School . 34. Minutes, Vol. 22. p. 41, Annual ~leeting of Board. June 28 . 1877. "Annual Repor ts presented b y W. L. Ranki n as principal and treasurer. Total assets, oash and t'notes t 2 , 005 . 56. Of this amount :;1 , 000 . 00 was a loan secured' by mortgage, bearing 8 per­ cent interes t . This was t he first pe r ma nen t i nvestment b y Car­ roll College . " 32

If the endow ment could have been oarried on a lone it mi g ht have

I reaohed e arlier suooess. Bu t large sums were needed for inci- dental expenses. The situation was muc h complica ted by the burning of the College building , which occurred on January 29,

1885, t he fire breaking out just at eleven o'clock A. M. when t he at uden ts were assembling for a rel i glous servi ce. The buil ding was a total loss and less than e3 ,OOO. OO was realized from the i nsurance. The President assembled hi s faculty and student body and proceeded to conduct classes in the basemen t of the Presbyter­ ian ohurch. This statement i s found in one of the books re- la t i ng to th e his tory of t he Collei-2: e:

IIFor two year s t h e ins t1 tu ti on was 110 use d in the basemen t of th e Presbyterian Church, in cramped quarters, two and soroot1 mss three olasses reciting at t he same ti me in the same r oom. There were only three rooms a vai lable for us, one of th em having been used previously for a ooal s hed. Nithout the ordinary conven­ iences of a school building , wi thout any play ground or campus, the attendan cs was well main­ tained for two years.. The gr aduating cla ss of 1885 consisted of ? persons , t hat of 1 886 of 15 persons. " 35 Shortly after the fire t he Boar d of Trustees determined by vote to proceed with t he erection of a new building, it being under- stood t hat t he progress would be proportioned to t he r apidity with Which contributions were secured. 36 The Financial Agent now found it necessary to circulate three subscription papers in behalf of the same oause , and largely among the same cirole of friends and supporters , being for t lle i nc1den ta 1, en dowmen t and buildi rig funds respect1 vely.

35. Extracts from the OffiCial Boop of Records of Carroll College, p. 13. 36. Doctor Rankin. 3:

1"01' the first of t hese three objects a special subscription in

shares of $ 5 . 00 'annually for three years Vias presented , and was quickly successful, over $ 5,000.00 being pledRed for each of t he years , 1885, 1886 a nd 1887 . This tided over the current ex­ penses and gave an opportunity for pushing t he other and greater schemes. plan for a t wen ty thousand dollar buil di ne was first adopted by the Board of Trustees. This was afterwards cut down to fifteen thousand dollars. The buildi fund was obta ined by small subscri pt1 ons from long lis ts of su bscribers. Then too

t here was the proceeds from the sale of a four-acre lot, do­

nated earlier by Richard Smart , wh ich added ~ 3,500.00 to the bui ldl fund. On January 11, 1887, the new build1 was oc- cup ied by the school.37

The aim of ~ 20 ,000.00 set for the endowment fund was also reached as shown by a report which was made to the Board of 38 Trustees at their mee ting held Augus t 3, 1886. At t he f a ll meet1ng of the Boa r d of Trustees , October 7, 1894, it was announced that Mr. and ilrs . Ralph Voorhees have endowed the new chair of oratory and Physica l Cul t ure , agreeing to pay the sum of t eOO . DO annually for t he salary of the in­ structor. 39 ~n ss May Rankin was engaged to fill t he position.

37. This part of the building (which is now U£ in Hall) still stands although an addition was l a ter built on. 38. Minutes , Vol . 2 , p. 52, Annual loA·eeting of Boar d , Augus t 3, 1886. ft •• .•• • Subscriptions from Waukesha Oounty t· ~,49 0 . 00, from Pres byterian Churches in Wisconsin t 3,195. 00, from indi­ vi duals and churches outside Wisconsin t 4 , 520 .00, from students a nd by entertainments $ 795 . 00, cash on hand ~ · 2,OOO . 00 - Total 20,000 . 00. " 39. l-iIt" . Voorhees was a college f ri E1!1d of Doctor Rankin. v ~

During t he year 1896, a letter wa s r e ceived from Mr . Voor- he es offer i to pay a li ttle more t han ten t housa nd dollars int o t he e ndowmen t fund . Th is wa s condi tio ne d on t he r aising of t he endo wme nt fund t o f i f t y t hous and dol l a rs . Uns uccessful at t emp t s we r e made f or t he ne xt t wo years t o r aise t h i s amount of money.. The n i n 1898 , f,:r . and s . Voorhee s r aised t h e amount of t heir proposed g ift t o ~ 50 ,OO O . OO , provided t he endowment of

~ 50 ,O O O . 00 c oul d be r a ised . 40 This a mount was f inall y r aised on Augu s t 3, 1900.

The gener osi t y of Hr . and Mrs . Voorhees continued . On

Ma roh 20 , 1901, t hey s en t a check f or ~. 2 5,OO O .OO of wh ich amount

~~ 5 , 0 0 0 . 00 was t o be used f or t he compl e tion o f t h e i n ter ior of t he College building , a nd t he re mai n i ng ~, 20,O OO . 00 as an e ndo w­ ment fund f or t he net' 1 i br a ry t o be 013. lled "Th e Voor hees 1 1 brary of Carr oll Co lle ge" . Ou r,!a rcn 24 , 1902 , t hey sent a ch eok f or

~ 20 ,0 00 . OO a s an a dditi on to t h e e ndowmen t fund . On October 2 ,

1903 , t hey s ent a c heck for ~ 5 ,OOO.00, a s pEH~i a l co n tribu t10n in r esponse t o an a ppea l fr om Pre s ident Rankin i n order t hat a t t he t i me of his r e s i gnati o n a s Pres ident, a ll a rre arage s mi ght be pa i d , and a ll needs of t he Inst1 t u tio n fully me t up t o t he olose of t be a cademi c year, i n J une, 1904 . The a s set s of Ca r r oll Co1- lege when Do ctor Ranki n r e s i g ne d , a ccording to t he treasurer's r e po rt t ha t ye a r were as follows: Bu ildin gs a n d ground,

90 ,000.00; e ndo wme nt, ~ 10 5 ,814.9 4 ; libra r y endowme nt, ~ 2 0,O O O .0 0; f urniture a nd apparatus ~ 2 , 000 .0 0 . Tota l, $217,814. 94.

40. A part of t he e ndowme nt fund was use d in buildi ng an addi­ tion {north part} to Ma in Ha ll. This enterpri se cos t $35,000. 00. r \ 3D

Studen t Or gani za ti ons

'I'here are only a few chance r efe rence s duri l1g the second period to student organiza"ti ons . During the year 1881, the Carroll Cadets were organized. The cata logue makes this statement about the o:cganization : "An organization for t he promotion of physi­ cal exercise and of mi li tary drill - a half hour daily devoted t o exercise and drill, all boys of suitable years will participate unless excused for g ood reasons or at the reques t of parents . Springfie l d rifles for the use of t he company have been provided by the State . It 41 In the same year the Y. M.C . A. was organized . The W. \7 . C. A. was organized shortly afterward. The exact de. te is n ot known. 42

By 1893 two li terary societies were organized , and declam- a tory and ora tor leal work had beco me 1mportan t i n extra- curri­ euler activities . 43

Annual Catalogues of t he Second Period Catalogues were not issued annually during the early part of t he seoond period. Those wh ich have been p reserved are for 1868, 1874, 1875. Begi nni wi t h 1882 they have been published every year.

In su~nary the writer woul d say tha t the second period was undoubtedly onB of t he most trying pe riods in the whole history of the 0 ollege . Had it not been for Dootor Hankin and h is never f ei ling love and devotion, the story of Ca rroll Co l lege mi ght be quite different. However, there wa s a Doctor Rankin and he it

41 . Carroll College Catalogue, 1881-1882, p . 10.

42 . ~ . , 1882- 1883, p . 6 .

43. ~ . , 1893- 1894, p. 17.

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was \vho led the college throu@1 trials of e very variety to better times. One of Do c tor Ran kin"s good friends ,. Mr . na l ph Voorhe e s , through his generous gifts, hel ped the college more t ha n can ever be told . The period then from 1856 t o 1904 covers a time when t he school was reduced to r ank of an aca demy until wi th the coming of bett er tim.e s it again ga ined college status . - +- - + - - + - - + - - +- - + - - + - - +- -+- - + -

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CHAPfER III

THI RD PEF.IOD , 1904-1917

ARBOLL COLLEG~ UNDE R THE LEADERSHIP OF PRESID!llfT CARRIER

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Faculty In October' 1903 Doctor Wilbur carrier,l pastor of the Be l ­ den Avenue Presbyterian Church , Ohicago , I llinois , was invited by the Board of Trustees of Carroll Coll ege t o accept the office of President of Oar roll Co llege at a sal ary of $2 , 500. 00 per year. Doctor Carrier a ccepted the offer and assumed his new duties .Januar y 5, 1904. The fir s t full year of Doct or Carrier's administration was 1904- 1905. (During this year the full c01- lege stature was reached a nd the f our college classes ~ere or- ganized. ) hen Do ctor Carrier beca me Pr esi den t , Doctor Ranki n was elected to the positic.n of Vice- President and Professor of Latin at a salary of ;'~ 2 t 400 . 00, t he sa salary he had r (~ ceive d since september , 1902. Do ctor Rankin took the step of resi gn i ng after mature consideration, having intimated to the Doard , his pur­ pose, in one or two of his previ ou s wri tten reports . He hearti ly

1 . Wilbur o. Carrier was born on a f arm near I~a r sha ll , Michigan n 1860. When he \vas suteen he moved to Lansi ng , Hichigan. He attended hig h school in Marsha ll and Lansing , and the academy in Auburn . He was graduated from Albion College. He ma rried Miss rtle P1tts of Pittsburgh , Michigan . Doctor Car r ier was Pres­ byte rian pas tor for three years a t Shartsville, New York; for t we l ve years at ~'J ausau , Wisconsin ; for three and one- half years at the Belden Avenue Church , Chicago , I llinois before coming to Carroll Co llege .

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recommended and endorsed2 Doctor Carrier his successor and for two years previous had been conferring on this subject wi th Doctor Oarrier. Doctor nankin a t t his time was in the sixty- eighth year since his taking up the work a t Carroll College . He

as i n perfect physical heal th and with unimpaired vi~or of mind and body. His mo tive in resiRnl was to have the way clear for t he Synod of Wisconsin to shape the policy of Carroll as they chose under new leadership. Doctor Rank i n 's expectation and de­ sire was t o continue in loyal and devoted service to Carroll College , and to co- opera te cordially wi th the Presiden t 1n all pl ans and vI or};. for the a dvancement of the Institution. 3

In t he year 1903- 1904 the fac ulty increased to fourteen tea chers. A chair of his tory and ecol1om1cs was started and the first man to fill it wa s William Arthur Ganfield . A chair of Science and Uathematics was established with Robert o. Gibbons the first to occupy it. 4

2 . At the meeting of the Boar d of Trustees held October 6 , 1903, President Rankin pre sen ted the followi ng letter of recomrnenda­ tion:

If To the Board of Trustees of Carroll College - Gentleme n: - r hereby t ender to you my resl gnation as Presiden t of Car­ roll College , said resignation to take effect when my successor shall have been elected and shall have accep ted t he office. r cordia lly endorse the nomination and e l e ction of Rever­ end W. O. Carrier, D. D. , as the President of Carroll College , be­ lieving that under his leadership t he institution will advance to a still higher position of power and success . Respeotfully submitted, Vialter L. Ra nkin. " 3 . Extra cts f r om Offi c i al Books and Re cords of Carroll College, 1860-1904, p. 40. 4 . Carroll College Catalog ue, 1903- 1904, p . 17.

J- '±u

In the year 1 904- 1905 t he faculty was i ncreased to nine­ 5 teen members . I In 1905- 1906 the number of t eachers wa s in­ creased to t wenty-thre e members . 6 The reason for t hese developmen ts was, of course, the money that had been ob t ained fro m g ifts - chiefly t hose of Mr . Vo or- hees .

In 1906 Professor and Ill's . God dard direc ted the men's and women ' s g lee clubs . oresser Cl arence E . Shephard was a t the head of the piano department . In 190? Professor A. W. Trettier was engaged to fill the new chair of philooophy and education which was started a t the college . ? In 1913 Miss Yiay Ward of Milwaukee was e ngaeed to head t he new domesti c science department. She was a public school t each­ er from t he Hil,r;aukee Schools and she conducted her classes on

Sa turda Y mornings . 8 Miss May N. Ra nkin w&s i mportant i n the dramatic depart ment during this entire period.

Curriculum a nd Me thods In the school year 1904- 1\>05 full college s t ature wa s reached and the four college classes Vlere organized . On December 15 , 1904 Carroll College was received into the Assoc iation of Presbyterian Co llege s of the Centr al hest: In

5 . Mr . Ganfield was l ater President of the College. 6 . Carrol l College Oatalogue, 1905-1906 , p . 3 . 7 . Waukesha Freema n , January 24 , 1907 .

8 . ~ ., Sept ember 18, 1913 . 41

1905 it VJas received i nto the "North Centra l Association of Co1- leges and Ac credi ted Sc hoo ls" The work of the school wa$ thus pl a ced on a par with t hat of the state university and ito stu­ dents were accredited to all the classes of the universi ty , in­ cluding post graduate courses. In t he year 1904- 1905 a serar ate course of study was given for the Academy and for the Co llege. In the same year a s chool of pai~ting was opened, a department of history and economic s wa s started , and a department of sci ence and mathematics was estab- l ished . One of the outstanding departments i n the colleR€ dun t his period Was t he music depart men t . 'One year ag:> t his fal l, a new department wa s added to Carroll College : t hat of music . After one year of experience the depart­ ment is on a firm basis to further its ' \1O r k , and in its scope can co mp ete with any college in t he stat e. Professor Guy Be rrier Williams, who has been connected with the Wisconsin Con­ servatory of Music in ·,filwaukee, as instructor in piano , Is director of the departmen t .

Mrs . Vera Leavitt La t ham, s ucoeeding !.~ 1 ss Y~ry Lyman Young , who r esi gned her position la.st s pring has cha rge of the vocal wo rk.

The en largemcn t of t h is d epartmen t is be­ ginning to have its effect i n t he schools, 1n that it is producing a deeper interes t in mu s i c, in oonsequence of Wh ich t wo glee clubs, a young man's and a young wo man ' s , have bee n organized, t h~ l' e being s ome t wenty voices in each olub . Chorus vit>rk wi t h the oombined forces of the t wo orga n iza tions ~I ill also be t aken. » 9 There had been oonsider able work done i n mu si c before a formal mu sic department ~as started . I O

9 . Wauke sha Freeman , September 28 , 1905. 10. In t he Ca r roll College C8 tal og ue of 1901-1902 Ernest G. Ehl­ man wa s listed as a tea cher of s ci e nce and music and :lill iam A. Ehlman as a teach er of vocal and in's t rum.ental music. 4:

In 1906 there were t wo glee 01 ube, one for men and one for omen, under th ~ direction of Professor and r~rs. Goddard. ll Several concerts were Riven accompanied by the orchestra.

Later in t he year we find this statement : ffThe music department of the college is i n a ve r y flourishi ng condition . Professor E. Shephard, at t he head of t he piano department is a remarkable artist and an excep ti onally strong teacher and i s _wi nning f a vor wi th the students. ~ti ss Lucy ~ushnell a t t he head of t he vocal department is pro vi ng an exception­ ally popular teaoher. The orchestra and glee clubs are progressing nicely." 12 The first gr aduates of t he school of music wer e ven their diplomas i n t he year 1910. They were three you.ng peo pl e from

Oshkos h , Wisconsin , pupils of o fes sor Shephard : Florence Mi- nor, Elsie Dow ioot, and ~' orris l'7ilson. In 1913 Made. Genevra Johnsto ne Bish1p , distinguished ora- torio s1 nger had charge of voice 1nstru ction . 13 .

Duri ng the entire per iod from 1 904-1917 Miss Hay U. Rankin conducted the drama t ic co urse and h ad great 1nfluence upon her students. One o f t he o ~ tst and1ng dr~ma tic students i n the years 1909 to 1912 was Alfred Lunt . 14 After 1912 a diploma was given to those students oo mpetent to teach t he in t erpretation of l itera ture and t he a rt of play produot1on. l5

11. Garroll College Catalggue, 1905-1900, p . 4 . 12. Wa ukesha Freeman, No vember 13, 1906. 13. Carroll Co llege Catalogue, 1913- 1914, p . o. 14. Alfred Lunt appeared 1n mas t of the plays that were produced . In f a ct, he \'las the leading man 1n most of them and al wa ys made a hit. One of his leading roles was as Cal eb Plummer in the ffCriok­ et on t he Hearth" . The last pl ay tha t he appeared 1n wa s Uenr1k Ibsen's "Pillars of SOCiety" . By the year 1915 tifr . Lunt was tour­ ing the country as leading man for , the d1stingl.1shed actress Mar­ garet Anglin. 15. Carroll College Catalogue, 1912-1913, p . 28 . 4

Athletics became important during the years from 1904-191? (The first full time athletic director that t he school had ever

I 16 had was ~r . Carl Crissy in 1898- 1899.) In 1901 George Sims was listed as the physical director and ATark D. Nave as the coach. At this time gymnasium work was required ice a week of a ll stu- dents. Competitive indoor and outdoor sports were held. Foot­ ball teams were organized and games pl ayed with adjacent high SChools and academies. In 1909 Carroll won the St ate Football Championship.1? Football was abolished during the iVorld 17ar and military drill was substituted under a force of instructors from s t. John' s Military Academy, Delafield, Wisconsin. 18 During 1912 a famous oarsman, Leon C. Rice, came to the school to t ake charge of athletics and there was a great deal of t a l k about starting a rowing crew on Pewaukee Lake . As nea r as the writer can ascertain this never took pl ace . The first girls' basket ball tea as organized in 1907 and in January a. game wa s played with the girls of the !tilwaukee Nor­ mal 8C11001. 19 In 1909 a new department was added to Carroll College: ffThe Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Col­ lege of Physioians and Surgeons decided unanimously to affiliate with Carroll College. This college is located at 4th Street and Reservoir Avenue in Ml1- aukee. All degrees gr anted will be conferred by Carroll College and Carro1l' .9 Board of Trustees will . apPOint the dental and medical instructo~s subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees of the College of Physioians and Surgeons. Doctor H. A. Levings , President of the school, 16. Carroll College Catalogue , 1898- 1899, p . 31.

I? ~iaukes ha Freeman, December 9, 1909.

18. ~ ., September 29, 1917 . 19. Ibi d., January 31, 190? predicts t hat in t wo years every independent school will have t o affilia t e with an accredit­ ed school. " 20 The plan at this time was that t he medical students would take the t wo years of general college work at Carroll and then transfer t o the College of Physicians and Surgeons. The writer was unable t o find further information about t he affiliation. However, through a recent telephone conversation

Ith Father Behrens , Regent of Mar quette Uni versi t y School of ~edi ­ cine, t he writer learned that t he College ·of Physicians a nd SUr­ geons "'laS p urchased by !.:ar quette University in 1913 and has . since been known as the Mar quette University School of Medicine. In 191321 a new· depa rtment was begun a t C a~rol1, a domestic science dep art~~nt . iss May ~ard of t he Milwaukee Public Schools had oharge of the new department. She oonducted her classes a t Carroll on Saturday mornings . During t he period from 1904-1917 there was a steady increase in enrollment . This statement is found in the Carroll College

Ca ta l o ~ue for 1907: The enrollment numbers nearly 250 and t here is now every prospect that the nun:..ber will be i ncreased to 300 at least during the next sohool year . " 22 In 1911 this statement is found: "The outlook for the next yea r is unusually bright for Carroll College and the prospeots are t hat the student body will reach 300 in n,wnber . The n~ber t his yea r was 281. " 23 It was not until 1914, however, that an enrollment of 300 wa s reaohed and then plans were made to provide for a oo11ege of 500 students . 24 20 . :Milwaukee Journal , September14,- 1909. 21. Waukesha Freeman, September 18, 1913. 22. Carroil College Cat alogue, 1907-1908, p. 21. 3 . Ibid., 1911-1912 , p . 19. ,. 4. Ibid ., 1914-1915, p . 24. 4~

~ By the year 1914 the following fees were char ged t o stu- dents: 25 College tuition was f eo . oo per year. In ~e prepara­ tor y department it was :'"; 40.00 per year . Commence men t fee for graduation uas :; 5.00 from the college and ~;· 2 . 50 from the pre­ paratory school. Athletic fees were Co l . 50 per semester and the ora tortcal fee was ~ . 50 per semester. Laboratory fees were ex- tta and fj, xed oo ncessions in fees to s pecial olasses inoluding clergymen we r e d1 soontinued.

Uen students could get rooms a t from C. 75 to ~ 2 . 00 per week and board at ~ 3.50 per we ek. The wo men's dor mi tory charged ,,18.50 to $31.50 per cemester and f 3 . 50 a wee k for board .

Building and Endowment 1904- 1917 On December 21,1905, it was announced that ,largely through w~ . A . J . Frame of the \7au ke sha National Ba nk the trus tees of Carroll College had purohased three acres of land from James B. cu tIer known as the old qua rry lands to be u se d f or t he place­ ment of new b uilding s and a l so f or an athletic field. This land cost :1',2 , 000. 00 .

On January 5, 1905 , public announcement was made of another generous gift from r:r. Voorhees of *1' 100 , 000 . 00 . 26 This money was to be used for three new buildings: 1. Thirty- five thousand dollar s for t he buildi of a girls' dormitory to be knmln as t he Elizabeth R. Voorhees dormi - tory in honor of t he donor t s wife . 2 . Fifty thousand dollars for a science hall as a work of

25 . Carroll Colle6e Ca talogue , 1914-1915 , p . 13. r 26. Waukesha Freen:e n, January 5 , 1903. 4 6

honor t o Mr . Voorhees t old friend , Do ctor Via l ter L. Ra nkin, to be named in Do ctor Ranki n ' s honor •

• Si x t housand dollars to~a rd a home for the esi dent t o be known as t he Ra l ph Voorhees cottage.

Upon the recei p t of these gifts t he new bulldi program progressed r apidly. In 1906 Do ctor Rankitl gave t he a.ddress a t the l ayir18 of the corner stone of th.e Rankin Hall of Sctence. He ma de s orre inter- estinR remini scences : Forty years 8eP there stood o n th ese grounds one p lain, square 'oornered buildi ng. 74 x 36 feet, stone , t wo stories with attic. Th i s grove did flo t e xist. Not an ever green, or a mapl e tree or an elm grew on this campus . The r e was a cluster of burr oaks on the eest line , one of which only re­ ma ins , and anoth€r cluster in the va.lley on the nort h end of the grounds . A wooden fence partly surrou.nded the grounds , and as we approached f rom the village we had t o climb ove r a r ickety s t ile to enter withi n the sacred precincts of t he college campus . There was neithe r boar d nor stone wal k , nor drivenay in the campus , if I remember a right . The ori ginal bui Iding burned down in 1885. A new one , constituting one hal f of our present main building was erec ted in 1886 and 188? - and the seoond half in 1900 - t he t wo ha lves b~ i ng harmon­ ious l y desi gned as to ha ~ e ' e,,·ery appearance of be­ i ng one original building . " 27 On Oc tober 10, 1907, one of the mos t i mporta nt days in t h e history of Carrol l Co llee e was celebrated . 28 This was t he day when t he t hree new buildi ngs Vle r e dedioa ted . One of the sohool ' s mo st distingu isIled and well known a l umn i Do ctor Charl es R. Thomp- 29 60n delivered t he dedioator y address and on the same day was

27 . VJaukeshaFree man , .Tune 13 , 1906 .

28 . ~., October 10, 1907 . 29 . Ohar l es L. T'nornpson was a gradua te of Carroll College in 1858 whe n t ile school had t he rank of a co llege . He wa s a l ways olosely assoc i a ted with Carroll Co llege and hel ped it in many ways . He did a gr eat deal toward raising fUJlds 1:'or t he s chool. He a lso served on the Board of Trustees . He became pa stor of a churoh 1n New York and secretary of Pr esby terian Home Missions . "10"(

given the honor ary degree of LL . D. by the Co llege . In his address , Doctor Thompson stressed t he f act t hat while adverse circumstances had come to t he school and it had t o be reduced to the r ank of an a cademy, it was doe t o Doctor

Rankin fa leadership during all t hes e years of hardships, and his fide lity to high standards , that the school was finally re­ stored to college s tatus . If i t had not been for Doctor Ran- kin ' s devotion to wha t of ten seemed like a los t cause, the school would never have becn wha t it wos at that time. Doctor Thomp son had this t o say about t he early teachers of the school:

fI'l'here is Linda y , the pioneer teacher i n t he academy that was to become Carroll College . There was Buc hana n, a man of Roman mold and high purposc . There was Greene , the brilliant preacher who gave his r i pest years t o the cause of Christian education i n the Ohristian a cademy. And t here was Ma cNair, t he saint who recent ly went to hi s reTIard , who , with J ohn Brittian - t he di gni fied scholar - laid the foundations of another academy for Chri s tian training . Near these we re Mi tche 11 , the preach­ er of crystalline t hought and 30hannic s pirit. And Robertson the a ggressive pioneer . There was yon t he organizer; and Fox the fiery preacher, and Parks who on occ asion wou l d r aise to unusual eloquence . "

The Yrisconsin Presbyt erian Synod at tended the dedicatory services in a bod y - t hree hundred and fifty strong. They were e nt husias t ic in their praise of the college . For t he first time in the hi s tory of the Synod they enthusi a s tically recog- nized Ca rroll Coll e Gc as the Synod ical College of ~ i s co nsin , wo rthy of t he ir loyalty and support and s ure to make large 1'e - turns for any investment made in it. 30 Doctor Hankin made an announcemen t auri ne; t he dedi cn tory service tha t :::1' . and Ilrs. Voorhees had Riven an addi tional

:- 3,000 . 00 and ~ l,300 . 00 for addi tional expenses on the build- i nRs . Shortly after the dedication service announcement was made that \hsconsin friends of the college had given GIO,OOO . OO to add to t he cost of building Rankin Hall and to provide furnish­ ings for _ the dormitory . 31 The college had made great strides in increasing the en- dowment fund . The endowment in February 1912 had reached about :;' 275,000 . 00. In January, 1916 a great driVe was pu t on to bring the sum to ( 400,000.00. This drive was successful. 1iaukesha 's port i on of this campaign was ~ - 75 ,000 . OO . A list of donors lias published in the newspa per . 32 The l argcs t donors were Doctor

A. S. Badger and 1'1' . A. J . Frame , bot h of whom gave :;: 2 , 000.00. Mrs. Elizabeth Voorhees added ;-5,000.00 to the Carroll Co l ­ 33 l ege fund QS a ~ash in g ton's birthday g ift.

A t t he time of t he campa i gn there was a grea t d ea 1 of talk about building dormi tori es for the men s tuden ts. This pl an was not carried out.

30. Four years before the Synodical Committee had voted t o have La Crosse school made t he Synodi cal College of Vi is'consin. Tw o years l ate r, due to the remarkable pro gress of Carroll , a minor­ ity repo rt wa s presented and finally adopted by the Synod to make the Waukesha school the center of t his work . It was fel t that if Carroll had re ma ined a preparatory school it wouldntt have amounted t o mu ch . The confidence felt in Doctor Carrier and the gener a l r aising of the standards of the sohool were what caused the chanGe 1n feeling of the Synod . 31 . V;aul'msha Freeman. October 24 , 1907 . 32. lbi d. , April 11, 191v. 33. Vlaukesha Democrat , February 2o, ' 1916. -...:;-;

Studen t Or ganize tions

In 1906 this organization ViaS formed:

ftA Booster' s raub has been organized in t he college , wh ich is a sort of pa triotic or­ gani zation, and one of t he achievements al­ r eady made is t he organization of a colleRe band of 32 instruments. " 34

In 1912 the St ud ent Senate was organi zed . 35 ThiS was a self governing body, composed of t wo members fron each class of the c ollege , tw o from the academy a nd one member of the f a cul­ t y .35 Its purpose was to hel p go vern the school from t he point of view of the student body.

The oldest f r aternity a t the college i s Bet a .Pi Epsilon, f ounde d i n 1905 . 37 The f r a ternity ' s first home was on the cor- nor of Laflin and Garfie l d s treets . the r homes 0 f th e f r a t er- nity have been at 123 r:ast Avenue , 502 };ast Avenue , North. Some of their out standiniZ; alur1ni are Fr ed l ~ c Hurray, Stanle y r~arner and Bric Kalkhurst.

34 . Carroll College Ca t a logue, 1906- 1907, p . 12 .

35 . ~ . , 1912- 1913, p. 13 . 36 . This organization still func tions a t Carroll. 3'7 . Waukesha Freeman , May 6 , 1936 , p. 1.

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raculty 'res i dent Carrier VIas offere d a position as secr etary of the ~esbyter ian Church Extension Boa r d in September , 1917. 1

Do ctor Carrier a ccc ~ted this posit i on and resi gned as President of Carroll College . 2

The Board of Trust ees then offe r ed the position to ~Vi l1ia m Arthur Canfield Who had t aught history an d e cononics a t Carroll College far t wel ve years before g oing to Danville, Ken tucky, to become the President of Centre College. Doctor Ganfield re- fused the Carroll offer at tha t ti me , however, as h e felt tha t he wa s needed very much a t Ce ntre College an d tha t it was a bad time t o leave the school.

Dean Ra y had c har~e of the esi dent ' s office when school o pened i n the fall of 1 917. He acted i n this capacity during the year 1917- 1918 . Th e trustees at t heir mee ting January 2 3 , 1918 elected

1 . "" ______. _ _ _ emecra t , Se ptemb er 29 , 1917.

2 . ".-.. - ~ --J ...... _- - . --~-"9 of Board , June 9 , 1928 , p . 36 . Pr esident Ganfield suggested t hat Doctor Carrier be made Presiden t Emeri tus of Carroll College for life. This s ug­ gestion wa~ carried out .

Doctor Carrier die d in Augus t of 1 939 .

t " 5 ''''(J

Do ctor Herbert P. Houghton ,3 at that time head of ·":o.ynesbury

College , Pennsylvania , as Frcsiaent of Curroll Colle and he accepted . Doctor Ho ughton come very well t'eco r.l..r>J. ended as a fine teacher, a scholar an d a splendi d ad31inistrutor of school affairs . 'f11e college at tha t ti iJlE was free from the debt that had burdened it for twenty- f1 ve years. octOI' Houghton too u p his duties without t hat burden t :) con tend with . Doctor Houghton became especially popular with the students 4 because he was t he first pre s i den t who sa net l:)!led da nc ing . 1he firs t Prom took place in Ua rch, 1 920 to t he gr ee. t joy of tne student body.

Dean S. B . Ray resigned from the f a culty of Ca rroll Col1cf:e in the spring of 1919 . 5 He had been on t he f a c ulty of Carroll

College for thirty- five yea r s . He l eft to t ake a positi on with his son who was at t he head of the !," axwell Ray Cor:pany of ~;1'1 lwau -

3 . Herbe rt Pierrepont Houghton was born at Brooklyn , new York, J a nua ry 22 , 1875. He '!Jas t he t hiro so n of the l ate Joseph G. and Sarah Pierrepon t TIoughton. They moved to Stamford, Connect­ icu t in 1883 . He rbert at tended f:~ t amfor d Hi gh School end Amh erst Collere. He graduateC wi t h a B . A . degree. He became the in­ struc t or in German and Latin at Chestnut Sill Academy, nhiladel ­ phia , fro m. 1 901- 1903 . He took gradua te work as a Scholnr and Fellow in Greek , I..a t j.n and f,unskrit at Johns Hopk ins Univer sity from 1903- 1907 , r.,l'adu atln!l Vl ith the Ph. D. degree in 1907. He was an instruc t or i n classics at Princeton Uni versi ty in 1907- 1908 and associRte professo r of Latin at Amhers t in 1908- 1915. In 1915 he became ? residen t of Waynesburg Co llege. Du ring these years of teachinp he had a lso been studying a t these schools: Columbia , 1902; Ge rm~ny and I t a ly, 1905-1910 and 1 914. He mar­ ried \athleen Bogwell of Onancock, Virginia, April 20 , 1908. gr . Hough ton was a Repub li can, Uason , Pre sby t arian , Phi Be ta Kappa. He contributed to mnny educa t ional and classical publi­ ca tions .

4 . f7 aukesha De mocrat , ~fay 3, 1919 .

~ . Waukesha Freell1.a n, l/ay 8 , 191 9 . 03

kee. Dean Ray had been very well l iked a t Carroll by everyone and was grea tly ' mi ssed .

In ~le.y , 1920, Do ctor Houghton ·resi gned from Carroll to a c- cept another position, his resignation to t ake effect i mmedia te­ ly.6 The Board of Trustees acce p ted his resi gnation . The position of the Presidenc y of Carroll College was of- fered to Doctor ilas ~ vans, 7 formerly of Ri pon, isconsin , and at that time affiliated with the Occidental Co llege of Los Ange ­ les, Ca lifornia. How ever, he declined the appointment . 8 The position was a i n offered to Doctor :;i lliam Arthur Ganfield who 'rv as still President of Centre College, Y.:entucky . Th is time he accepted t he position and beGan his du tics in Sep- tember , 1 921 . 9 Unsolicited letter::> c ame f rom the S t a te Superintendent of

Public Instruction and Governor of the St ate 01' Ken tucky , rela­ tive to Doctor Ganfield 's l eaving Kentucky. He had been very popular and prominent in publio affairs and everyone was sorry

6 . Wa ukesha FrC!eraan, Ilay 8, 1020, p . 2 . 7 . lli..Q.. , Au gust 28, 1920, p . 1 .

8 . Do ctor T: vans is now Pre~id ent of "R i pon College , Ripon , \U s ­ consi n . 9 . Willia m Arthur Ganfield was barn in Dubuque , Iowa on Septem­ ber 3 , 18'73 . He attended Cornell Co lleg e , Iowa , where he re­ ceived his B. A. degree in 1898. He recei ved his tt. A. degree from the same school in 1901. He wa s g raduated fro Ll :fcC;ormick 'I'heologi cal Seminary in t he same year . After being ordained as a Pre s byterian minister i n 1901 he preached for three years at Green Bay , Wisco nsin . I t was the next year after this that he occupied the chair of history and economic sat Carroll from 1904- 1915. He then accepted the Presidency 01' Centre College , Kentucky , where he re ma ined until he was called back to Carroll College in 1921. ,. ~

to see him leave. President Ganfiel d served continuously as the President of Carroll College until the sprtn{Z of 1939, when he resigned . Doctor G. T. Vander Lugt is now serving as head of the l O Co llege under the title of Dean of Ad ministration. One of the outstanding members of the faculty during this period Vias t:iss Uay Rankin who served as head of the De par tmen t of Literary Interpretation , a depart ment originally endowed by Ralph Voorhees . 151ss Rankin, undoubtedly, had as much influ- ence for good upon her students as any faculty member Carroll has eve r known . She was universally loved . Thi s statement is found in the "Uinutes" of the Trustees in June , 1930 . "Miss May Rankin has been confined to her home for the entire year . During the ~ ajor part of the college year s he has received her classes into her own home . She generousl y pro­ vided for two large l i ving rooms in the home to be thrown together and used for the assemb l y of her students. We have reason to believe that the study, the devotion and the activities of her classes have gone forward in regular fash­ ion. 'f 11 Miss Rankin passed away on March 1, 1931.12 At present there are many member s on the faculty of Carroll College who have served for 1'i f teen years or more. They are as follows : Lloyd Slate Da ncy, Dean of Men;13

10. Hinakaga , 1931 , p . 20 . Doctor Vander Lugt was called to Carroll in 1928 . He formerly served as Professor of Philosophy. 11. Mi nutes , Meeting of t he Boar d, June 14, 1930, p. 81.

12 . ~aukesha Freema n, March 2, 1931, p. 1 .

13. Minutes. Regular fi~e tin g of Board, June 10, 1933 , p. 213. The Board of Trustees voted to confer the honorary degree of Do ctor of Science upon Lloyd Sl ate Dan cey who had completed t wenty- five years of service with ~e College . The degree was co nferred upon him June 12, 1933. d O

Clarence E. Shephard, Dean of School of Husic; Roy Frank Rich- ardson, Professor of Education and Psychology; John W. Taylor, 'rofessor of History; Ward L. Ray, Professor of Chemistry; Ral ph s. Uanz, Professor of Biology; Alida Degeler, Professor of French; Zaohariah Davies, Professor of Biblical Litera ture and 14 Religious Education; Harvey Bo ortz, Professor of German ; James

L. Bro wnine;" rofessor of Business Admi nistration; Vincent • Batha, I>l'ofessor of Mathermtics; Jean Kilgour, Director of Phy- s1 cal Education for Wome n ; Samuel Ki ng sbury, Professor of Greek a nd Education. Several of the mem bers of the present faculty are graduates of Carroll.l5 They are as follows: Zachariah Davies, Professor of Bib l ical Literature and Relig ious Education; Harvey Boortz,

Professor of Oerman ; Vincen t Ba tha, Professor of ~Jjathe ma tics; ,leanor Jane Ganfield , Librarian and Instructor in Library Sci- ence; Karen Louise Carlson , Instructor 1n Latin and Registrar ;

John N. Breen, Director of Physical 'Sdu cation for 1:e n ; Arthur Buck, Assis t ant in Physi cal Education; Joseph Runkel, I nstructor in Psychol ogy; E . Be n iJieinke, Public Relations Officer .

Curriculum and Me thods

4.esident H ou ~hton in his philosophy seemed to desire to ma ke Carroll a college with a modern view- point . To t he average college student t oday dan cing seems as much a part of college life as science or Eng lish , but up t o Doctor Houg hton's day it had never been allowed at Carroll . When Doctor Houghton an-

1-: . The tor nf nivinitv n non Za chariah Davies. This was 1 - 15 . Carroll Coll ege Catalogue , 1 938,1939 , p . 15. Ob

nounced tha t he intended to all it a t Carroll , the announce- ment caused a variety of r eactions . The students, of course ,

TIe re over joyed. J.~any of th e townspeople and a1mos tall of the clergymen of Waukesha were very indignant to think that the 16 resident of the College vlould allow such a thing . But nev- ertheless , he did allow it . 'he first really important danc- l7 i ng party was the Junior- Senior Pro~ held in ~arch, 1920. Frota t ha t time on so cial life seems to have had a mu ch more important place in the college life than it had had up to tha t time . This can be shown by the number of soc1al sorori ties and fraterni ties tha t were formed during this period. l8 esi den t Ganfield also seemed to believe that a pl easant social life is an i~portant part of a college education.

Duri n£.': the period of the ;Vorld ~i ar, Carroll Jolles e estab- lished a unit of the Students ' Army Training Corps with an en­ rollmen t of about one hundre d s tudents . 19 They were in charge or Lieutenant Austin of New Hampshire . 3arracks V1ere maint ained at the Terrace Hotel . The governmen t bore the expense of mein- t aininR t his unit and it was discontinued after peace wa s de­ clared .

16. Waukesha Democrat, May 3, 1919. 17. Waukesha Freem.an, Mar ch 4 , 1920, p . 1 . In Ma rch, 1920 , the firs t Junior- Senior Prom took place . It wa.s very ·formal with everyone in full dress . The grana ma rch was led by Miss Leora Gallmar of Baraboo, a junior, who was manager of the affair, and Wi l l iam Johnson . Pres iden t and I·'rs . Ho ughton were next in line . Then came the chaperone s : Professor and I!.'rs . Geor ge Kim­ me rer, Professor and lifrs . "7 . B. Harsh , Professor and Mrs. L. S . Dan cey, then Professor Laurence Smith and Mrs . E . A. Cu tler. 18. Today there are five soc 1al soror 1 ties and five soc 1al fra­ t erni ties . 19 • .. ______ocrat , September 2?, 1918. 0"(

Several Carroll men became famous durl ne the Norl d War . 20 The studies offered d uri nr t he peri od from 1917 to the presen t day are much t he same . Following is a list of the de­ artmcnts from whi ch a person may now choose his major and mi ­ nor Bubjects for study.2l Art , Biblical Literature and Re ligious Education, Biology , Business Administration, Chemistry, Classi­ cal Languages and Literature , Economics and Sociology, Educa­ tion and Psychology , Eng lish , Speech and Dramatic Interoreta­ tion, History and Political Science, Library Science, tlathemat­ iCs, Engineering and Physics, Yodern Foreign Languages, Philoso­ phy and Physical ~du cation. During the entire period ( 1917 to present) the degrees of Ba chelor of Art Ba chelor of Sci en ce and Ba chelor of Philoso- phy , are given to groduateE taking the prescribed courses .

20. Waukesha De mocrat , November 30, 1918. "Cor poral Harry 1!"' . Busse was killed in action about November 6 , 1 918. He was a sophomore at Carroll when he enlist­ ed . He belonp: ed to the famous fighting marines . " Carroll Echo, Uarch 21 , 1919 , p. 1. "Second Lieutenant Claude B. Taugher, Sixth t/arines , ci ted for extraordinary heroism at Bayonville , France , November 2 , 1918. Lieutenant Taugher with a great dash led his platoon into surrounding enemy dugouts in the village of Bayonvi11e be­ fore the occupant s had time to escape or organize effective re­ si stance , capt uri n g sixty- one e nemie s . Although wounded i n the ankle, he refused to be evacuated . His home address is Wausau, Wi sconsi n . " Waukesha Freeman, January 30 , 1919. "The only air victories credited to Wisconsin fliers have been won by Lieutenant Rodney 'Nl11iams . He left Carroll in Apr il, 1917 for service with the U. S. Army . "

21 . Carroll Co llege Catalggue, 1939- 1940, p. 29 .

J." be

Something of the present aims and objectives of the col- leRe are mentionedI in a recent catalogue : "Car roll College has always proved loyal to the faith of the f athers and to the aims and ideals of the founders . Wi t h learning the pri­ ma r y purpose , the college see ks to offer its students able and effective instruction in an a t­ mosphere so friendly and so helpful, and with a s­ sociations so stimulating as to discover and de­ velop the best powers and abilities of young pe o­ ple. A major conviction in the minds of trustees and faculty i s this : I f life on the campus is cold , indifferent, snobbish and barbaric, life after campus days will have much the same color; bu t if life on the campus is indus trious, earnest, happy , who lesome, sincere, good- natured , friendly and cooperative, the college student will carry into life and into life- experiences t he traits, t he quali ty and the atmosphere of campus days .

!fA program of physical, soc lal , and ~oral a c­ tivities is planned to assist in well-rounded de­ velopment . The college desires to encourage com­ radeship in group life and to inspire a human striving after noble ideals. "Tne curriculum of the College tries to pre­ serve a just balance between studies of a cul­ tural and disciplinary oharacter and studies pos­ sessing an i ntrinsic p ractical value. Re cent pre­ vailing tendencies have given added e mphas is to the function o.f the college i n trainine the indi­ vidual for the servioe of society. The ever­ mounting demands for professional and technical training make the disciplinary and cultural train­ ing of the college increasingly necessary . "Carroll College io limi ted in ca.pa city , and therefore must restrict the number of students . In addition to the limitations fixed by t he re­ sources a nd the capaci ty of the ins ti tution, the trus tees and faculty are devoted to the .pl an and progr am of the small college . The purpose is no t t o inorease numbers, but to realize the wor t h of faculty and student association, and to aohieve thoroughness of soholarship and completeness of de­ velopmen t . " 22 The fir st summer session, conducted by Carroll College was in the summe r of 1930. This plan has been continued every summer

22 . Carroll Co llege Catalogue, 1938~ 1 939 , p . 17. 59

23 since . All of' the 'departments 1:ilat h ad previously been formed have s how n a fine growth d uri ng the las t peri od in the Oollege ' s his- tory. The music department h as kept pace with the growth of Car- roll i n other respects. The first annual Festival Concert was given in May, 1932. '.i:'his was a very successful event and was parti cips ted in by the Carroll College Festival Chorus , t h e e l ee Club , the Carroll Carol­ ers, and the Band and string l uartet. 24 (rhere were one hundred students enrolled in the music de - partme nt by 1 934, under t he able direction of Doctor Clarence Shephard Vlho was the Dean of MUSic . 25 Mrs . Letitia Hase had charge of the vocal classes, Glee Clubs and all public school musi c . In 1935 :.~rs. Hase directed a pro duction of the comic

tt opera , "The Fortune Teller • It was the first of its k i nd at

arroll. I.irs. Ha se also directed the "Hessiahff that year. In

1935 the Glee Clubs ~ave rtThc Pirates of nzance" and in 1938 "The Mikada" .

In 1940 Do ctor Shephard is still Dean of t he School of MU­ sic; J rs . Ra se is at t he head of the Public School r·fuslc Depart ­ ment and Voice; Pearl Brice teaches violin; Ruby Marsh teaches violincello; and James Wiloox cond uc t s the band . 25 '

23. Minutes , Annua l Meeting of Boa rd , June 14 , 1930 , p . 91.

24. Waukesha Freeman, May 15, 1 932 , p . 1 . 25. Ibi d . , September 12,1934 , p . 1 .

25 . Carroll Co llege Catalogue , 1939- 1940 , p . 17.

J' fiO

The tfay Day Festival has grown to be an import an t event a t carroll. 27 Each year a May Day Fete was hel d at wh ich time the J:!..ay Queen, who had been elected by the s tuden ts , was crowned. On t his occasion the college al ways held open house and among o ther feetures in various years were band concerts , tours of the campus , and supper on the lawn, weather permit ting . Gradually this spri festival has been t aken over by the department of physiool education for women and it became their pre sentation . Some very fine festivals have been p resen ted. Amon g the l ater one s are the follO'Ring: "Birth of the Infants" in 1930, "The Story Book Opens" in 1931, "History of the Dance"

t i n 1932 , "Conspiracy 01' .s pri ng • in 1 933 , and "Peter Pan" in

1934 . The depart ment of physical education has been very success- ful for both men and women . In 1924 this article appeared in a local newspaper: " %ith the completion of the new gymnasium, the oollege has engaged ~ iss Dorothy Su tor to t ake up wo rk as physical director for the girls. f128 An extensive program of sports was thus launched for girls , i ncluding basketball, baseball, volleyball , hockey , and other s ports.

Besi des regular phys i cal e duca t i on courses for me n th ere have been outstanding sports . The chief ones have been f oot- ba ll, baske tball , baseball and track. One of the outs t anding coaches and directors of athletics during the period was Horris Arms trong who was called to Carroll

27. The first May Day Festival was g iven in 1913 and was liked so well it was continued every ye ar thereafter. r 28. Waukesha Freeman, July 17, 1924)' p . 4 . 61

29 in 1923. In 1931 he resigned to accept another s1 ti on.

In the spr1 n g of 1<.:)31 this ste. temen t is fo und in the "Min- utes" of the Board of Trustees: "The victories won in athletic contests have been greater than a colle ge of th is size could ri ghtfully anticipate or worthily covet or desire. We are therefore today rather bold­ ly aunouncl ng and askin g your appro val 01' a reduction in athletic aotivities. We are not recommending the tZtppointmen t of any new a thIet­ ic coac h. Vie are accepti ng the service of Mr. Vince Butha as cooch and director of athle tics for all sports. We have reduced the :tootball schedule to six games. ~e are frankly accept­ ing and announcing a seriously restricted pro­ gram of intercolleBiate sports and a thle tics for the comi ng year. " 30

In the f a ll of 1932, ~ :~ r . Glenn Thistlewaite was called to

Carroll to act as head coach o He served until 1934 when he re­ signed to a ccept another posi ti on . 31 Si nce 1955 the posi tion has been held b y la-•. John Breen who was a graduate of Carroll in 1935. The oollege increased considerably in size during the l ast period . In 1920 there TIere 254 students, in 1935, 502 stu­ dents,32 in 1940 there are 630 students . 53 In 1920 there were

16 faculty members, in 1935 there were 24 faculty members, and in 1940 there are 3 4 fa cult y member s beside s a num.ber of student secretarie s and cr1 ti c teachers.

49. Hinakoga , 1931, p . 23. 30. Minutes, Annual Meeting of Board of Trustees, p . 115.

31 . ~aukesha Free man , ril 3 , 1934, p. 1 . 32 . 1E1.i., .January 31, 1936, p . -: . 33 . 1940 , p . 3.

r 52

-Fees I Tuition costs at the presen t ti me , includi a general fee of ~ ' 50 . 00 per year , are ~ 205.00 11 year for eac h student . There are special fees for music , art , and laboratory work . The di- ploma fee is ~ 10 . 00 .

"'omen in the dormitories pay fro m t 355 . 00 to t ·385. 00 per yea r for boar d and room, dependi ng on whether the sruden t has a s1 0gle or a dou ble room. Ra te s for th e men studen ts a re simi- 1ar in pri ce . :34

Buildi ng and Endmlil rnen t Vfuen President Hou ghton took Doctor Carrier 's place i n 1918 t he college was f ree from the debt t hat had burdened it for t wenty- five years . Si nce then t he endowment fund has i ncreased and t he f i nan- cial situation has been very en coura gi ng . ~le assets of the colleg e , i ncluding property and e ndowment , a r e listed on J une 1,

1921 as ~ 740,7 40 . 00 . On June 1 , 1930 they are lis t ed as 35 . ·~ 1,5 94 , 209 . 0 0 . Another sta te ment mentions t hat there wa s a n increase of over 73 percent i n t he e n dow men t from 1 920 to 1935.

The same article mentions that t he e n dowmen t in 1 936 w~s more t h an t hree-quarters of a million do llars, and the tot al assets are ~ 1 , 682,32 5 . 36 .3 6 The r e has been a steady owth in t he buildi ng pro gr am of t he college. The ca mpus is composed of t wenty- fcur a cres wh ich are well

34. Carroll College Catalogue , 1939 -1940, p . 11. 35. Minute s , An nual Hee ti ng of Boar,-d , June 14 , 1930 , p . 81. 36. Waukesha Freeman, J anuary 30 , 1 930, p . 4 . 5~

landscaped and c ared for . The grounds are divided into an up- per campus and a lower campus; t he light college buildings are loca ted on the upper campus; the lower campu s is devoted to athletics, sp orts, outdoor games, and various forms of recrea­ tion. 3?

The ei ght buildings are as follows: Hain Hall , Rankin Hall of Science, Voorhees Dormitory, Voorhees Cottage , Gymnasium, ydia E. Morgan Li brary, School of Mus1 c, Alfred S. Badger liouse. The last four of these buildings were acq uired during t h e period from 1917 to 1940. "The gymnasium, erected and made available for use in the fall of 1924, surpasses anything of 1 t s kind in the state for archl t ectural beaut y . At the same time it offers the great­ est possible utility for athletics, physical education courses, and social activities . IlThe building is ?O x 1 21 feet, with a playing floor of 50 x 90 feet . Bl eac hers on all sides of t he playing floor seat t welve hundred people ; additio na l seating capacity for four hundred is afforded by the balcony which sur­ rounds the main au di tori um . tt 38

In 1 924 the college recei ved as a generous gift from the late Alfred S. Badger, D. D. his modern anc beautiful home, to­ gether with all its furn ishings and equ1pment. It is situated just t wo doors nort h of the Busic School on East Avenue. This three story re s i dence provides living quarter s for members of the Pioneer Club. 39

The Lydia E. ~~organ Library is situated on the corner of College and East Avenues opposite the main campus. This prop­ erty, known as the Wilbur Addi tion , was purchased by the College

3? Carroll College Catalogue, 1938-1939 , p . 14. 38. Ibid., 1938- 1939 . 39. ill.!!., 1938- 1939 . 6 in 1928 through the generous gift of !.;rs. Lydia E. lLorgan of

Oshkosh, ~isconsin . Also on this s ite is the Tau Kappa Ep­ silon Fr a ternity house. 40 The three story library building i s built of combined stone and brick.

In the f'~U nutes ft ot the Board of Trustees there is a refer- ence to the fact that the library was a ccepted by the Board of

Trustees in the presence of Nrs. ~ organ and her f amily on octo­ ber 27, 1928. Following a r e the words of President Ganfield; ";1e are particularly happy to hold this session of the Board 0 f Trustees in our nav. library building. I share with you all, and you sha re with ~e , in our very sincere and generous rejoicing because of this beautiful and attraotive gift to the College from us . Lyd i a E. t:orgen of Oshkosh, ·~ isconsin. t l 41

"The School 0 f t'usic , at t he north end of the campus , is a three- story, white limestone building , originally the gift of Mr . and Ura. amual Quaw of Wausau, Wisconsin. In this structure , which was remodeled in 1929 , are practice rooms and the stUdios of the music f a oulty. Several sound proof studios, one of hich has a seating capa oity of a hundred, are equipped with Steinway gr and pianos . " 42

An article in the ~aukesha Freeman speaks of Carroll's gro\~h over a period of fifteen years. oCarroll in these lat er days has grown to be a great college . She now uses 24 acres of l and, has eight modern well- equipped buildings, an enrollment over 500 , instructional salaries bove t 7l,000. OO annually. The budget for 1934- 35 exoeeded $180,000. 00 . The following list is a comparison of various i t err~ in 1920 and 1935:

40. Carroll College Catalogue, 1938- 1939.

41. Minutes , ~~ual Meeting of the Board . June 9 , 1928 , p. 45. 42 . Car ro ll College Catalogue, 1938-1939. 6 , -1920 ~ Enrollment increase 9-7 .53,:,. 254 students 502 students Gra.d uating class increase l 29 . 00~ 34 78 r! Faculty increase 50.00S 16 i nstructors 4 instructors Instructional salaries 195.90% $24 ,300 .00 .; 71,904. 27 Current budget 191 .00 ., 02 ,098 .68 ~ 180,9 04.09 Endowment 73 .705, Plant 232 . 54] Assets 131.93 725 , 343. 60 *- 1,082 ,326.56.,,4

~ booklet pu blished by the college 1n 1940 tells of the growth of Carroll in the last five year s: lfCarroll has g rown to t he point where a new building progr am is necessa ry. First it ~ust ob­ t a in a new library . Then a. c hapel auditorium Itust be provided ,for without such f a ciliti es , I mpor~ant facters in the objectives of this Chris­ tian school are i n jeopar dy. It 44 The booklet proceeds to state tb.a.t in order not to jeopar­ dize the standinR: 0 f Carroll Co llege i n the North Central Asso­ ciation it is necessary t hat the r equirements be met . The li­ br ary demanded by t he a ccrediting agencies would contai n 55,000 volumes. Trustees and f a culty agr ee that a structure which will houge 60,000 volumes should be .p rovided fOT. Ttle ~"'meric a n AS­ sociation of Universities sets the standard for a ll universities and colleges nationally and the North Cen t ral Association, i n t he North central States. H eco~~ition by the eans that for work done at CRrroll , students r e ceive full credit iu the high- est r at ed c olleges and universi~ies in the land. Loss of ac­ credited st ~ ndin g would be a serious blow to any college . nearroll College a t Waukesha, Wisoonsin was first a ccr9dited by t he North Cantral Assooiation in 1913 . Prior to that date t he Association did not oa rry on a ccrediting activities. " 44a

43. Waukesha Freeman, January 30, 1936, p . 2 .

44. Towa r d a ~ econdOenturx, p . 2. 4..40.. '" letter to the writer dated Uay 22, 1940 f'rom A. G. Brum­ bau~h t S e c ret a r~ of North Central Association. t)

"The present chapel is an unsuitabl e s e cond story room, not large e nough t o a ccommodate the entire student body at a ny ti me . In morning chapel services and reg ular a ssemblies, it is necessary tha t the senior class and part of the j unior class be excluded. Commencemen t exer- c ise s , lectures" concerts a nd other i mportant a c tivi t ies for which it 1s necessary to assemble students and fa culty mus t be held in ren ted halls , distant from t he campus . ft 45 So , t herefore, Carroll has started a buildi ng campai with t he objecti ve at ( 400 , 000. 00 whi ch they believe will buil d the library and chapel-auditorium, take care of contemplated renova­ tions and , it is hoped , provide a nucleus for building a bo ys ' dormitory wh ich is the next need . It is proposed to build a joint structure which will be an attr a ctive addition to t he campus , using native stone in harmony with present beautiful surroundings. One wing will provide t he li brary , another a chapel whic h , vJhen de sired , can be converted in to a general a ud i torium. 'i7hen t hese faci11 ties are prov ided , present buildings will be released for other uses, and these will be well suited for additional instruction rooms , a real need i n view of the growing e nrollment. Th is bulleti n co mpares the ma intenance of Carroll College ith other collegiate schools of the state : "In i/1sconsin, as in other states, tax­ aided normal s chools have now become teachers' colleges , with all the rights and privileges of granting college degr ee s . With the state and federal governments anxious to start work projects, the physical plant s of these i nsti ­ t utions recently have been expanded to the ex­ tent that they are serious competi t ors of t he s mall liberal arts college. Carroll 's Alumni , and othere who subscribe to the principle of Christian education , can pr eGerve the wor k i n hich they believe by a response which wi l l

r 45 . 'rowar d a Second Centur y , pp. 4':'5. 6'7

help Carrol l develop and maintain its physical equipment to a standard a t least favorabl y com­ parable with t he tax- subsidized sohool . " 46 The coll ege has been very successful thus far in oa rrying out thei r drt ve for funds. Announcemen t was made at dtnner of Carroll Alnmni held at t he City Club, Milwaukee, lUsconsin of a large g ift of ~ 100,000 . 00 . 4? A conditional Rift of c 50 , 000 . 00, also anonymous, is being offered to the college and will be available provided other constituents and friends of the college respond liberally in the pres ell t appeal . Th is is undoubtedly to serve as a challenge to the w or ~ er s of the cam- aign. 48 St udent Organizations arroll now has a number of honorary and social fraterni- ties and sororities.

Lambda Psi is a nati onal honorary journali s ti c f r aterni ty .

Edi tors and business managers of the Hinakoga and ~ belong to it. De lta Sigma Nu is an honorary scholastic fraterni t y to wh ich only those of hien scholastic a ttainmen t may be edmi tted.

Si gma fraU De lta is a national honorary English fra tern ity.

This group s ponsors i n teres t in creative wri ting. - i Kappa Delta is a ne. t 1 onal honorary a nd professional s p eech fraternity.

Theta Al pha Phi is a national honorary dramatics fra t ernity .

Tvm o ther national honorary scholastic fra t ern ities a r e Beta Be ta Beta for biology jors of hie;h s tandi ng. I ota Pi

46. Towar d a S en tury, p . 6 .

47 . Carroll Echo, April 12, 1940, p,. 1 . 48. IIi na koga, 1939 , pp. 4?- 57 . 6 ~

i:psilon is for t hos e interest ed i n mathcma "ti co .

I T"~ app a S i ~-na. De l ta is a f r a t erni t y- for those who a r e pr epar - i ne to enter Chri s t ian s erv t c e in so me oapacit y •

.P i Gamm a Mu is a na t ionnl honorary s ocial s cien ce fra t e r - nj. ty .

The sororiti es a r e Be t a Ch i Th et A. , Kappa Gamma Phi , The t a Pi Delt a , Ch i Chapter of .Al pha r:appa, Ze t a Chapter of Phra tere s .

The so cia l fra t arni t i GS are Be t a Pi Epsi lon , Tau Kappa

~p si lon , Gemma Phi Del t a , Phi The ta Pi and t he Pioneer Club.

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Philosophy of Carrol l College

Carroll College has always been a school with high ideals and these have been embodied in the philosophy of those who have been in charge and by members of the student body. An article from the first issue of an early college newspaper mentions the proper observance of the Sabbath: " Rememb er the Sabba th Day to keep it holy' is a command given us, and appears to us to be one of the most agreeable requisltionscontained in t he Soriptures. I t is particularly pleasinl~ ' from the many hallowed associations connecte4 ith the day. tf 1

Another artiole trOffi the same ea rly collggc newspaper dis­ ousses the subject of temper ance: "Peaoe, health and genera l prosperity abound throughout the natIon; and we have every reason to tha nk a beneficent Providence for a ll his meroies. lIle look forward with a degree ·of hope amounting almost to a certainty to a time not f ar distant, when we may chronicle the total annihilation of every gray shop in tbis f air St ate. Then , if such may be the case , we a re safe , and every young ma n is safe, and the young adies are safe." 2 The fol lowing excerpt from an ear ly cat alogue gives a good idea of the view of the college officia ls who we re in char ge at that time .

ttWe desire to make thin eminently 9 Chris­ t ian institutlon, where the existence and. gov­ ernment of God are acknowledged. ; and His ·bless­ ing i s invoked upon the l abors of eaeh day.

~ eekly biblica l a nd cachetical exercises ar e required of the various classes. 'The village oontains a ohurch of nearly every Christian denomination t sorne one of which

1. Carroll College Student, October, 1854, p. 4. 2...... Ibid., February, 1855, p . 54 • ./ J.

the students are expected regularly to attend. Occasional religious exercises a re held in the oollege. 'The depar tments are p l a ced in the hands of Christian instructors and we are guided by Chris­ tian prinoiples in the disoipliu6 and government of the institution. It is expeoted of a ll stu­ dents that they sha ll respeot. t he l aws of the insti tut10n and confor m to their requirements; that they shall attend f aithfully to the studies in whioh they are engaged , and to the lessons assigned to t hem, and s hall ma intain in general , s strict adherenoe t o the rules of order and de 00 rum. Persis tence in an oPPosite oourse , or t he indulgenoe of vicious habits of any kind, uy be expected t o occasion an early r emoval of t he offender from the Colle ge . ~ 3 .nother step which s hows t h ish of the College to sur- round t he students with a Christian a t ~~sphere 1ms the establish- ment in 1881 of t he Y. ~~ . C • .n . The Y.W.C.A. wa s organized shortly after t hat (the exact date is not known). 11 warm Christian at­ mo spher e prevailed i n these t wo groups and a sp ir~t or earnest ork was striki ngly developed. These t wo organizations have been maintai ned up to t ha present time . Fr om t he oat alogue of' 1901-1902 UIO par agr aphs are quoted on · ~ Christi an InfluenceH and "Evil Rab its!t • "Christian Influence - Pre-eminent among the reasons for supportin"E?; such a school, ancd for rai sing it to a position of increased favor and power t is its Christian ohar a cter. Carroll is known and loved as a Christian sohool, per­ vaded by a war m spiritual at mosphere , empha Sizing Bible study; inoulcating morality and bringing the thought of persona l p iaty home to the c~n­ s cience and t he voli '~ion of every student . Closely interwoven with the daily life , and deeply i mpr es­ sive. in its accunmlating effects , i s the religi ous work of t he school. The students feel it , a nd testify to it and cnrry t he influence with them wherever they go.

3. Carroll College Cata logue, 1867-1858, p . 8. 4 . !2!!., 1882- 1883. p . ' 6 . 7~

Evil Habits - Students are not admitted ho are kn~Nn to have formed vicious habits such a s pro~anity, Sabbath breaking , and the visiting of saloons. Indulgence in these babits cannot be tolerat ed. The use of tobacco is prohibited. " 5 At the laying of t he corner stone of Rankin Hal l of Science in June, 1906, Doctor Rankin used these words in his dedication address. The y show his hi gh ideals. "And now we are about to l ay t he corner stone of a gr a nd building , dedica ted to s cien­ tific uses . The possess ion of such a structure opens up new f eatures and new possibilities in t he work of Carroll College. Uay it ever be regarded as a sacred building , devoted to mst stimulating and ennobling purposes. Uay its doorways ever be entered seriously, humbly , re­ verently by the diligent student who comes to ava il hi m-self of its rich privileges . " 6 At t he baccalaureate ser mon to the li: r aduating class in 1909

Do ctor ~ llbur o. Carrier, then president of t he College used a s hi s text t he eight h chapt er of Mark, 36th verse: . "" Ihat shall it profit a man if he gains t he whole world and loses his own s oul'>'; He dwelt upon t he necess ity for care in t he uses to be made of t he ma t erial t hings gained in t his world and while he urged t hat

it was right and i mportant t hat those no W' entering upon t he ac­ tivities of life s hould acquire property , they s hould however use great oare not t o so devote their possessions a s to lose that most blessed heritage t hat r esults from a we l l spent indus trious life.7

In the college year book of 1910 there is 8 referenoe to a group of young people who have pledged t hemselves to help s pread Christianity throughout t he world . The statement reads as fol- lows:

5. Carroll College C a t e. lo G~.t 1901- 1902, p . 16. 6. Waukesha Freeman, June 2l, 1906 " p . 1. 7 . ~ ., June 17,1909, p. 1 . 7~

nCarroll College stands for Christianity among institutions of lea.rning. It a lso stands for t ~e spread of Christianity throughout the world. This is shown by the existence of a band of Volunteers for life work in the mission lands . Three p romising young men have signed the declar­ ation to go to the foreign field and spread the gospel if God permits; and this year they formed themselves into an organized band for the first time. nTheir purpose is: to create an interest ot the people of Carroll College, and of "faukesha, in foreign missions; to constrain more young men and w~en to volunteer to go; to further their own knowledge of missions 1n the world at large.

"Their watc ~o rd is t aken from ~ark svl:l5: ' Go ye into the world and preach the gospel to every. creature' . "The band is oomposed of Hervey Holt, Chaun­ cey ~erri am . and a returned missionary and pre­ sent member of the f aculty, Dr. James Rogers. " 8 It has been the custom at Carroll for many years to observe a week of prayer. One referenoe, to this observanoe is found in an issue of t he oollege newspaper in 1917: "Carroll 1s devoting this week to a week of prayer. "One of the biggest battles we have is that of truly Christianizing ourselves, for unless we do we are abusing the opportunities we enjoy . - This we ek should mean muoh in t he life of the college, and to wake it the best possible , the 00- operation of all the students must be enlisted." 9 Doctor Houghton expressed some of the ideas of his philosophy

i n some of his speeches. In January , 1920, he told the oolle ~e students t hat t he primary object of eduoation 1s charaoter build­

in ~ , not oo~er ci al ls~ . He said he believed the t eaoher and his influence upon the student i s the most i mport ant part of oollege . lO

8. Hinakaga , 1910, p. 50. 9. Carroll Echo, February 15, 1917 , p . 5. 10. Waukesha aeman , January 29 , 1920 , p . 1. ~

In another talk to the student body Doctor Roughton said tha t teachers ' unions are a me naoe. He held the opinion that t he teachers should r aise the ethies of their profession above t ha t of the \'/age e a rne!'. 11

President Qanfield in his \ye lcomlng address to t he College in Septemb er, 1924 said:

nHer ~ at Carroll you will find t he i deals and spirit of Christ i anit y permeat e and infuse the whole p r ogr~ of deep thinking nnd living. You ar e indeed fortunat e s tudents in choosing for yourself t he rich and r ar e advantages of­ fered in this splendidly oquipped) soundly Ame r ­ ican and thoroughly Chr iatian college. " 12 I n 1925 the old organization ca lled the "Volunteer Band" . which was forreed in 1910 , grew into t he new religious fra ternity ealled Kappa Si gma Delta . The purpose of t his organization is t o uphold Christian i deals and to inspire Carroll students to a life of servioe .13

In 1939 in a Wa ukesha. n ewspaper an a.rticle appes.rs discuss­ ing t heir observa tions on the Carroll College student's rea.ction toward oompulsory chapel attendance: "Carroll students continued to go to chapel servioes Thursday a.long with Beloit College stu­ dents who have p r otest ed against compulsory at­ tendance. "At Carroll, however , there is no mass sta te­ ment of grievance against colleee aut horities . Ca. rroll students seem to a ccept chapel as a part of college 111"e. Carroll students, at present, attend chapel for fif'teen minute periods ~,~on day to ~·! e d nesda.y in­ clusive and have a one hour convooation on Thurs~ days. Seniors a re excused from attendanoe beoause of laCk of spaee . ff . 14

11. ·Vaukesha ~reema. n, February 12 , 1920 , p . 1. 12. ~'!18oonsin News , September 17, 1924, p . 8. 13 . Carroll College Cat a logue, 1939-a940, p . 20 . 14. Waukesha Freeman, t:arch 15, 1939, p . 5 . 75

Doctor Vander Lugt, present head of the college under the title of Dean of Administration, in stressing the need for a new chapel, makes tbis statement:

" ••••• A Chapel auditorium must be provided, for without such f a ci11ties, i mportant f a ctors in the objectives of this Christian school are in jeopardy. H 15

''''hat Car1'oll College Means to Waukesha From the very earliest history of the college there has been a splendid feeling of cooperation d good fellowship between the people of '-!aukesha and Car r oll College. All of the people seem to feel that the college is a great asset to 1Naukesha, both fro a business and cultural standpoint. A recent college newspaper mentions the early i mportance of Carroll Colle/.l:e to t he p eople of "l)"laukesha : "":le wonder if ma ny of the students realize t hat one hundred years ago t he thought of hav­ ing what is now Carroll College was a lready milling in t he minds of some Prairieville pio­ neers. These people recognized the f a ct t hat t heir children would not be able to go back to their East ern A lw~ Maters and wan ted to provide a source of higher learning to the settlers around Pr airieville or ''{auke sha. n 16 In one of the issues of the Carroll College Student. an early college paper , this statement is found: nt-,raukesha has a popula tion of 1818 i nhabi­ tants . As t he a ttractive fea tures of' t he town there are its pleasant a nd picturesque situa­ tion, its salubrious atmosphere, convenience of a ccess , educational f acilities, etc." 17

By 1887 the tovm ' s population had increased to 3,000 inhabl-

15. Toward a Second Century , p . 1. 16. Carroll Ec ho , February 23 , 1940, p. 2 . 17. Ca rroll College Student •. Octobe.r 1, 1855, p . 26 • 7

t ents. The college catalogue make s this statement regarding -tau- kesha : w;;aukesha is noted for its c onvenient a c­ cess , for the healthfulness and beauty of t he location , its shaded and paved straets , its s Ubstantial houses of Waukesha stone , its num­ erous c hurches, and the quietness , enterprise, and morality of its students. " 18

By 1873 the disoov~ry of the heali ng mineral springs had made n{aukesha a popular resort to~vn. It was given the nama nThe Saratoga 0 l' the '¥est II . Colonel Dunba r, the discoverer and proprietor of Bethesda Spring , furnished a f'ree barrel of this water e very day to the s tudents of the c ol1ege . 19

In May , 1905, a ~~e ti ng was held at the Y . ~ . C . A . building in -,'/aukesha of interested friends of t he college from T:'i" aukesha , other c ities in

Fi t,z ~erald, r..:llwaukee ; Professor "'I . H. 'Nilliams , I. a.di son ; Judge H. O. Hand , Ra cine; Senator II. P . Bird, a.nd others fro.

Lisbon t Oshkosh, t:a rshfleld, Janesville, Portage and Ir:any other places.

Some of tht3 students of the oollege san g songs , sever al gentlemen !Lade speeches and au inspection of the college followed.

During t he a fternoon a me eting was held with President Carrier.

The gener al welfare 0 f the college was d iscussed . It ~vas agreed

18 . Oarro11 Co llege Cat a logue, 1867-1868, p . 9 . 19...... Ibid ., 1873- 1874, p. 12 • 7

that more buildin£ s we re needed if the oollege was to ~ row . The endowment fund at that tiKe was $125,000.00. The group agreed to use their influence in increasing the end~nmsnt to l 300,OOO. 20 In 1909 a footba ll banquet was held at Resthaven. Frank G.

James, a student t gave a t al k to the students and b usiness mer.. present on a "Finanoia l Con:po.rison" . He showed how a oollege of

200 students spent annually $50,000.00 in ~8 ukes ha . He deolared t hat if the enrollment we re increased to 500 it would mean 125,000.00 annually to the business men of Waukesha. 21 In 1912 a Keating s held of Waukesha business a nd profes- sional men to suggest that the townspeople of Waukesha try to r a i se the endowment so there would be income enough to operate the oolle ~e successfully.B2

In 1916 a great drive was started to try to brin ~ the en- do~~ent fund up to $400,000.00. aukesha's pa rt 'of this oam- pai gn was $ ?5,000.00~3 The people of 'Yaukesna and vioinity a c­ ooreplished t his objeotive . They ha ve also contributed liberally during other campaigns. Their aid at present is being s olicited in the $400,000.00 library-chapel building oampaign and many of the l e a din~ citi­ zens when asksd t .heir opinion of the campaign and the college have endorsed them both heartilJ • Howard T. Greene, Brookfield Farm, Genesee Depot. -'1i scon­ sin , made this s t a temen.t:

20 . 'Va uke aha Fre crean, ~ay 18, 1905. Z 1 . .!lli., De oerub ar 16 , 1909.

2 . Ibid., Febr uar y 10 , 191 ~ .

3. Ibi d ., J anuary 27, 1916 . ! '7 8

"Ca rroll College is and has been a vita l and energizing force in rtaukesha County and Wisconsin. The young men and women who have come under its influence have p roven its effeotiveness by leader­ shi p in t heir spheres of life." 24 -rs . !

!' It is my honest conviction that Carroll has been definit ely instrumental in Christian leader­ ship among the students who h a ve g one out fro m. this institution. 1 have found rr any eX9Jll:ples of this Christian influence &s I have traveled over the state of V!isconsin. " 25

R. F . Lewis, Superintendent of Public Schools, ~" eu kesha,

"'isconsin, says: "Unquestlonobly, through the promotion of high schola stic ideals Carroll is leading young people to a better concep tion of what a college is for than are those colleges which cater to large numbers r ather than quall ty. I believe the leadership wh ich Carroll t s administrator 8.J."1d its f a culty are g iving is developing strong, Christian citizens and people who will go out into the world ith chara cter and f'ine qualities of leadership. " 28

The people 0 f 71aal.:es g1 va their support to the college in other ways . hey are very .well represented in a ttendance at a thle tic oontest s , concerts , plays and other sohool a ctivities. Carroll College conducts suwmer SChool e a ch SUEmer. The following quotation shoVis t hat tbe s chool is held not only for college undergra.duate students, but also for tea cher s in the vicinity of 7Jaul<:esha:

'The eleventh annual SUEnls r session of Car­ roll College will begin June 17 and will end July 26. The swnmt)r session 1s des i gn ed to me et t he needs of college students who wish to e a rn credits towar d a degree, e nd of teachers in the city or

4. Carroll Echo, April 12 , 1940, p . 1.

5. ~., April 12 , 1940, p . 2 .

8 , ~ . , April 12, 1940, p . 2 . ., :J

rural schools who wish to t ake additional a cudemie work. Others a re \"/elcome to enroll with or with­ out the intention of becoming candidates for a de­ gree. " 27 Carroll is very fortuna te in being locuted in the city of Wa ukesha .

7 . Carroll E cho, ApI"il 12 , 1940, p .,:3.

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CD Interesting Information about Carroll Graduates Cert a in statistics have been corapiled at the Carroll Co l - lege Alur:lOi Office . They were given to the vl riter at a recent visit wld are as follows: "The oldest livine graduate o f the Col­ lege is Hrs . Charles Jacobus, Waukesha, Wis­ consin. She is 88 years old. "The oldest student a t Carroll , a fresh­ man, is G. ,.: . Grashamp.

"Of the living Carroll adlla tes there are - 324 teachers 56 ministers 42 doctors 36 lawyers 6 fore ign missionaries. " Carroll Gr aduates i n Church and Sc hool Carroll graduates have he l ped enrich the fields of educa- tion and reliRion. lA"any former students are now 'in posi tions of honor and trust in other colleRes , univer sities and high schools and also in many large churches throu,Q:hou t the Un i ted s tates. Carroll sends more BIDden ts to the Presbyterian Theo­ logical Seminary at Chicago than any other Bchool. l Doctor Edward P. \'!estphal, ' l?, is Director of Adult Edu- ca tion and Men's \'io for the Presbyter ian Bo ard of Church

Education with offices in Philadel phia. Reverend Donald Lomas, '26, is a lso loc a ted in Philadel phia as a member of the Presbyterian Board of Christian Education. Reverend Charles Damp, ' 25 , pastor of the F irst Presbyt erian Church at Fond du Lac, 1s also moderator for the esbyt erian

Synod of \7isco nsin. Reverend Clarence }t~ . Showalter, ' 21, 1s

1 . All of the i nformation in this seotion about Carroll gr adu­ ates was taken !'rom t he Carroll Col'lege Alumn i Files . 8

astor of t he Presbyterian Church i n Chicago Hei ghts; Reverend Willia m J ones, '33 , pas tor of the Salem Pr esbyteri an Church at Venedocio , Ohi o . Do ctor f:dwe.rd Charl es Raue , "14, is pastor of the Presby­ terian Church a t North r Ia tte , Uebr a$ka; Doctor Mooshie S . Ben­ jamin, '14, pastor of the Bethany Presbyterian Church , ~,5. l wau ­ kee. Reverend C. Carr o ll Carnaha n , '16 , pastor of the First

Pr esbyterian Church at ~ 1chita , ¥ansas . Reverend Charles Robert l'i:cKean, '13 , pastor of' t he Presbyterian Church in Z,lexi c o City. Miss I rene Krueger, ' 32, is assistant t o Doctor J . S . Armen­ trout , head of the Leadershi p Training Departmen t, Presbyteri an

Board of Christ ian Education in Phil adel phia; Reverend rf'arvin E .

Kr ausler, ' 30 , 1s pastor of t he Pre sbyterian Church a t Cambria ; Reverend Everett Del ware, ' 28, is pastor of the Presbyterian Church a t Wauwatosa; Reverend Gifford L. Ruby, ' 28, is pa.s tor of the Pres by te ri an Church at Gree n Ba y . ilhile a t Carroll he won the state oratorical contest and was a student pastor a t North Lake ; Hever e nd Charl es V. 3ur ton , ' 08, past or of the Ber­ ean Presbyterian Church at fEilwaukee. He was f or rne rly t he mod­ erat or of the i~ isco nsin Synod.

In t he field of education t here are a number of former grad­ uates wh o have won r e cogtli t ion . Amon g t hem are : Do ctor William Lindsay Young , ' 20, Presiden t of Park Col- l e ge a t Par kville , Missouri . Doctor Andr T. Weaver, '10, is professor of s peech at t he Univer sity of Wisconsi n .

Doctor John T. Curtis , ' 34, one of Carroll's outst andiI~ scholars , uijtil recently was i ns tructor in ti1€ depart ment of botany a t t he Un ivers ity of W is cons~ n . He i s now a t the Unive r - ,-, '1....

sity of Pennsylvani a at Philadel phi a setting up a l aboratory of pl ant phys iolog.r •

On Carroll ' s faeul ty are a num.ber of former s tudents. AmonE t hem are Za chariah Davies , '14 , professor of biblical literature and religious education; ,ofessor Vincent Ba t he, ' 21, associate professor of ma th ema t ics and physic s; Profcs- or Harvey Bo ort z , ' 16, associa te professor of German ; Hiss

,leanor J ane Ganfield , ' 32 , libr a rian; ~i s s Ka ren Louise Carl- son, ' 29 , instruc tor in La tin and r egistra r; Coach John .. .

Bree n , instructor i n p hysical e duca t ion for men and director of a t h l e t ios; Doctor Joseph B. Runkel, ' 33, i nstru ctor in psy­ chology; Professor Tho~~s A. Graham, '36, instructor in bibl e a nd hi story; Art hur W. Buck , ' 38, assistant in physi cal educa ­ tion, and Gwen Davies, ' 28, laboratory assistant i n biology. Docto harles Lomas , ' 29, is professor of s peech a t t he University of ? lttsburgh; Art hur O. nahn , ' 26 , is vice- princ i pal of the Junior High School a t Waukesha. Wh ile not in t he field of education , t wo of Carroll' s 11- lustrious sons a oc tor Carl H. Koonz, t 31, r e search biolo.2:is t for a 1 e chicago packer . He i s a.n expert in parisitol ogy. The ot he r i s Do ctor Samuel Watk1 ns Ov erton, yor of Memphis, Tennessee, prominent corpora't;ion lawyer and holder of seve r a l honor de s .

rroll s tud en t s Located 1n Di s t an t Lands Li ke the pattern of a nding f an , forme r Carroll s t uden t s are to be found allover the g l obe . With eat est con- centration in V. aukesha t he al umni are l oc a t ed in every country and practically every town of WiscQ-nsi n . Beyond state line s u

they are in nea rly every eta te a nd in many forei gn 1a nds . lrtle range c'overed by t hese former studen t s includes the distant reaches of northern Canada to t he far- off l ands of China, Asi a and Afri ca . More than a dozen differen t callings are re- presented , including mediCine , surgery , relig ion, journali sm , grand opera, chemistry, mining and education.

Among these for mer s tuden ts2 are Doctor and Hrs. Gw ilym Davies, both graduates of Carroll, loca ted at the Vission Evan­

gelica , Rio Benito, Guinea Bspaniola t West Africa, where they are serv inl2: the na tives as med ical missionaries . In t he field of religion are t he Reverend Cyril Pe rcy Sil - vawhite, Fernie, British Columbia, who was grad uated last year;

Miss Harriet Stroh, Hwauyuan, Anhw el , Ch i na, who was ~redua ted from Carroll in 1911 ; Mi ss Norma Belle Craven, Crandon House ,

Ta i ping, 1:'.alaysi a Strai t s Settlement , who was graduated in 1915 ; the Reverend and 1111's . Charle s Robert HcKean of Mexico Oi ty wh o we re ~aduated in 1 913 and 1916 , r€:spect1vely; George Zoeckler at the Presbyterian F'ission , Daulstabad, Persia, who was gr adua- ted in 1906; the Reyerend Clarence A. Ph i lli ps , Caracos, Vene- zuela, Sou t h Americ9" a 1916 graduate, and Miss Verna A. Phll- lips, r':'r . Phillips ' daughter, who lives in South Ameri ca wi t h her father. She was graduated in 1933.

Do ctor Harold E .. He nke, a Carroll gradue te o f' 1920, is

chief surgeon of t he 0 ' Nei 1 r:.e morial Hospi tal at Shuntehfu, Amer- lean Presbyteri an Ilission at Ropei, North China . William 'I'ie n Chen L1u , a Chinese s tudent who was graduated in 1926 , r eturned to Shanghai and i s an official of the Commer- clal .press .

2 . These sta t istics are t aken f r o m t he Carroll College Alumn i Files. L-"i E

Augustus Milner, who was graduated in 1905 , is now a grand opera si nger i n ' London , Eng la nd. Hr . and !1rs. Howell D. Sawyer are located in Mexico where

~r,r . Sawyer is a c hemi s t. He was graduated i n 1908 and Mrs . Saw- yer in 1 914. The for mer Dorothy Aburg , who was gradua ted in 1 934, is now __ s . ank Edward Shea, whose husband is in t h e 14th I nfantry a t Fort Davis, Pana Canal z one.

Robert Crump , a ma triculate in 1932 and 1933 & is now con- nected wi t h the '9ureau of Mi nes, J:Tanila, Philippi ne Islands. Ot her former s tudents who are livi ng i n foreign lands , but whose wor k is not kno wn to the oollege, i ncl ude : !.IIrs . !Jorma n

Hewi tt, the former Florence Hooper who v~as g r aduat ed in 1909 , now loc a ted at ~ordswort h , Saskatchewan; Clarence S. Maddock of

Oa k Lake , ~ilanitob a. , who ma triculated in 1 938 and 1 93~ ; ~.~rs .

Arthur Skey, t he former Agnes !JcLenn , a 1 912 s r adue t c , of Toronto ,

~anada , ana ~~s . Thoma s Hinch , the forme r Gert rude Bean , also a 1912 graduate , now of Si ngapore Stra i ts Se ttlement .

Carroll Gr aduates in Dra

V/hen Alfred Lunt and Fred !t.a cMurray stamped across the boards i n Carroll Col1e ~e's freshman drama tics under the criti - cal eyes of t he beloeved l ate i~ay Ranki n , t here was littl e to se't t he m aDart from other students i nterested in h istrionics . "But to Miss Rankin t hey defini tely pos­ sessed some t hing and through h er coa ching and ene ouragemen t she j us tifi ed he r f ai t h in them. " 3 Tcday Al f r ed Lunt i s hailed by thea tre audien ce s in the na- tion ' s l eading citics and N.acHurray is a movie s t ar of top rank .

------~--.-- 3 . ______Echo , April 12 , 1940 , p . ' 3 . is

Their work in the theatre is tri bute to Carroll College and

~!ay N . nankin •

...· rederick. t~ c l.;urraY, now connected with Paramount StudiOS , a ttended Carroll in 1925 and 1926. Alfred Lunt a ttended Carroll 4 in 1910 , 1 911 and 1912 .

others who have wo ame on stage and screen are Stanley

,a lkhurst of He'd York who at tended Carroll from 1919 t o 1922 ,

~uf';US tus ]{11ner of London , England , who attende arroll in 5 1904 and 1 ~;Q5 and has \'Jon faille in Europe as a gr and opera singer. Ral ph C. llaeser, who was graduated from Carroll wi t h a

Ph. B. de gr ee in 1938, is now in Los Angeles wber(~ he is wor king i n pictur es . Since leaving Carroll he has been on nearl y every sta~e i n tIle Uni ted Stat es. 6

Another Carroll man l;1ho is worki ng in the movies is stan- ley Morner, who has adopted the name of Dennis norgan. He at- tended Carroll from 192G to 1930 and was in ma ny plays. Blessed with f i ne baritone voice there was every indication that Mor- ner would become a concert art1 st. Bu t hi s abi li ty for acting ? has on him an enviable place 0 the 'aramoun t 10 t .

Famous Car r oll Gr aduates i n Ot her Occupations Among the alumni files are names of for mer studen t s who have WaD. distinction in the field of business, pol·itics, or some 8 other occupa t ion.

• arroll College 5 . ill.£.. 6 . -Ibid. • Ibi d . J O o. ~ . E

~eorge ~ankin Ray , "01, is manage!' of Parker t s Tea chers

Agency, Hadison', ·,Vis,oonsin .

Samuel Watkins Overton , ' 16, is mayor of the city of ,;l~ em­ phis, 're nne ssee • Lesli e II. Ro ss , '12 , is genera l manager of the Fuller Good­ man Lumber Company of Oshkosh , ~'fi sco nsin .

George Sim, ' 08 , is director of playgrounds , Sacramento ,

Ca lif or nia .

_~ e nnet b G. Thorapso n, ' 26 , is member of the S t ~ te assem- bly , Uadison , iJisconsin .

Richard Pettengill , t 28 , is an attorney wi t h Sullivan and Cromwe ll, Hew York City .

Sidne y Wheelock , ' 30, is employmen t manager for the Schus­ ter stores, Milwaukee, I'J1sconsin. I I + + I I

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Summary

This , th:;n ', is the history of Carroll Co llege duri ng the four periods of its existence. J urin F: the first :)erlod, the school developed rrom an a ca - demy to t he status of a college . Ho we ver, i n 1860, in the face of insurmountable dl1'ficulties, t he school had to close its doors. lthough this period seemed to end in defeat , the per- iod reall y was of great value to the later coll e~e . Some of the highest ideals and principles of the college were formu lated during t h i s ti me . rI'hcre has a l Viays been a sincere attempt on the part of college off icia l s and s tU.den t s to live up to these ideals.

In 1866 Do ctor :ia lter L. Ranki n cam.e to the school to stay duri ng t he entire second period except for two short absences .

In 18 73 , the college officials though t it best to r educ e the school t o the ranI: of an academ.y . oTIever, the name of the school co ntinued to be Carroll Co llege. I t was not until the school year of 1904- 1905 thc t full college sta t ure was again attaincd. Do ctor Wilbur O. Carrier wa s a t t he head of the school du r - ing the third peri od , 1904- HH7. During t his p~riod , t he 001- l e~e wac very successful i n building itself up , adding new build- ings and i noreasing i t s endowm~nt . ;~r . and !Irs . Ral ph Voorhees had beoon e intercsted in the school and p:av any very ~e nerou s g ifts.

The fourth period jn t he hi s tory of t he college , 1917 to t he present day, revea ls it as a moder n college fully qualified to r ank wi t h any oollege of its si~e in the s t ate of Wisco nsi n. 9

The task of buildi ng up th e en dowmen t fund and prov i di ng e qui p­ ment for t he constan tly i ncre asi Qg number of students who wish to a tte nd t he school ha s been a big one. Good manaReme nt on the part of those char ged with the administra tion of th e school, and wo nderful oooperation on t he pa r t of the people of Waukesha a nd othe rs interested i n t he su ccess of the school ha s been t he a n­ s wer to t ha t proble w..

How ever, t he t tisk is by no means f i n i shed. Even now the college f i nds i t ne ce s sary t o carry on a campa i g n t o raise

~ , 400 ,OO O . OO f or the building of a new l i brar y 9.nd c hapel . Al­ r eady ~; l5 0 ,OOO. O O has been given and it is very likely that the g ood f riends o f the col lege wi 11 respond t o this cn ll as they ha ve s o oft en done in the past . There is no doubt about t he f a ct t hat Carroll Oollege lives in the he art s and minds of those people who hav gr aduate d from her ha lls . It is f or the:n t o pas s t he tor ch inspi ration and t o lead i n t he fJark of build! nt; t h eir sch ool a l ways bi gger and bette r. For Ca rroll Co l 16P~e i s not on l y t he "Pioneer School t it is a l so one of the f inent s chool s i n t he ~ ridd l e west. I I + + I I

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C HART ~R OF CARROLL COLLEG'" WI TH THE RULES AND DUTIES OF BOARD OF TRUSTEES CHARTER The oharter of Carroll Colle ge as a pproved by the Legislature of V{ isoonsin, March 1 4 , 1849 , and subsequen tly amended in legal form, is as fo llows:

SECT I Of~ I - The trustees of Carroll Colleee are h€reby declared a body corp orate and poli tio t o be styled the " Board a t' rrrustees of Carroll College!', and shall be tru stees of the said corpora­ tion for the purpose of further establishing , ma in tai ning, a nd oo nduotion of said institution of learning , and by t he aforesaid corporate name to r emain i n perpe t ual succession , with full pow­ er to s ue and be sued , to p l ead and to be i mp leaded , to have and use a OOMmo n seal, t o a lter and r enew the same a t p l easur e , to acquire, hold and convey prope r t y, r eal and persona l, to be ap­ plied only to t he ob jects herein proposed . 8F.CTION I I - The Board of Trustees of :::arroll College shall con­ sist of twen ty- fi ve members , t wen ty- four of whom shall be elected by t he Synod of Wiscons in i n connection 1'1 i th the General Assembly of the Pr esbyterian Church in t he United St ates of America . The Pr esiden t of sa i d Oollege shall be the t wen ty- fift h memb er of said Board of Trustees . The t wcn ty- four me mbers ,of the Board electen by t he Synod shall be di vided lnto four classes of six me mbers each, a s now e lected and canst! tuted , and shall be elect­ ed for a ter ~ of f o ur years . All presen t membe r s of said Board shall continue as snch Boa rd of Trustees for the te rm for wh ich elected . All va cancies i n t he Synodicnlly elected mrnbership of t he Board shall be filled by persons elected thereto by t he said Synod . The office of Trust ees she ll begin at the ti me of t heir election. Ei ght members o f said Boa r d shall be quorum for the transaction of business . The Trust ees shall be requirer] to make an annual repor t of the aff airs of t he College to the said Synod . Note: The above section is in accordance with an act of the Wis­ consin Leg i s latur e - Chapter 258 , Laws of 1 917. S--:; CTION III - The Tr ust ees of soid 00l1e ge and t he ir su ccessors shall forever hereafter have power an d au thority to direct and prescribe t he cours e of study and the discipline in said Co llege ; also, to select and appoin t by ballot or other wise. a president and such profess ors and t u tor s to a ssist t he president in the government and education of the studen ts belong ing to s ai d Col­ l e ge, a nd such other offi cers as the s a io tru s tee s she ll deem proper, a 11 of whom shall ho l d their offices duri ng the pleasure of t he trustees . SECTI ON IV - ThG said Tr ustees and their successors i n offi ce s hall have power a nd authority to gr an t such literary honors and desr ees as are usually gr ant ed by ~ni vers 1 ties , colle£€s , or seminaries of leam i nr<; in the Uni t ed, St a t es , and in t estimony of 9:5

such grants to g ive sui table diplomas under their sea 1, whi ch d1- plomas shall entitle the possessors respectively to the i mmuni­ ties and privileges which by usage or statute a re allowed to the possess ors o f similar diplomas gr a nted by univer s ities , colleges, and seminaries of le a rning .

SECTION V - Said Trustees and their successors in offi ce s hall have power and authori t y to make suc h rule sand by- la\v8 as may be deemed necessary for carrying into effect t he des i gns of said college : Provided such rules and by- laws are not inconsistent with the laws of the Un ited States or of this state.

SECTIon VI - Said corporation may at any ti me hol d and co nvey r eal esta te . SECTI ON VII - All g ifts and gr ants to said trustees shall be held by them for the exclusive be nefit of said college, and for no other purpos e woo tever .

SE CTI OL~ VIII - The p residen t o f t h e college shall be ex- officio a ember of the Boa r d of Trus tees .

nULvB AND DUTIES OF THE BeAnD OF TRUSTEES MEETI nGS 'l'he Board shall hold t wo regular mee tings in each' year: one in June , t he other on t he f irs t Tuesday in October. The meeting in June shall be t he annual meeting an d shall be held i n Waukesha o n commencement day at s uch an hour as the President of the Board may designate. The mee ting in Oc tober may be held ei t h er i n Waukesha or in Mil­ waukee, as the President of the Board sha ll desi g nate.

Not ice shall be sen t by the Secretary to each member of the Board at least te n days before the regular meeting s .

Special !lleeting s may be c alled at any time b y the President of t he Boar d , or on the written reque s t of any t hree membe r s . The Secretary s hall send a written notice to each member ten days be­ fore such meeting s, stating t he objeot or objects for which the mee ting is calle d . t the annual meeting Trustees sha ll be nominated by the Board for election by t he Synod when the term of any class shall have expired , or when vn cancies in any of the classes s hall exist.

The off leers for t h e ensuing ye a r and t he standi ng co mm1 t tees he re inaft er naOled sha 11 be elected to serve one ye ar , o r un til t heir successors a r e duly elected . 94

OFFICERS AND STANDING CO NlH TTE!SS AND THF: I n DUTIES DEFI NE D

Oli'FICERS The officers shall be a Pres i dent , Vice- President , Sec retary, and Treasurer , who shall perform such duti es as are usuolly assigned to such officers.

'Ifill STAIJD I NG C Ol~:r TTBES 1 . A Finance Committee of five members , three cOl1..stituting a quo­ r um , who shall be men of such business capacity and e xperience th~ t their names a nd endorsements shall comma nd publ ic confi­ dence.

First: The y shall be c harged with the care 0 fall endowment ana other permanent funds of the institution, and shall see t hat no funds are in any case whn tsoever diverted from the ob­ jec ts f or which they have been or may be contributed. Second : They shall have power to make investments o f funds 1n the hands of t he treasurer upon t he a pproval of all the mem­ bers of the committee ; it being understood that no loans shall be made upon personal security . Third : They shall be charged with maintaining a thorough a c­ quaintance with the financial needs of the institution from year to year; t hey shall report at the annual meeting upon the current expenses and bUsiness management of the closing year, and they shall present a careful estima te of the expenses of t he coming year, with plans for meeting the same. Fourth : They shall be c harged with devising and recomm ending ways and means of providing f or any defici ts or increased ex­ penditures ; and except whe n there may be a special c ommittee crea t ed , they shall have charge of the work of devising and rec omm ending to the Board ways and means for inc reasing the general endowment funds of the i nsti tution . Fifth: They shall report to t he Board annuall y , or oftener i f request ed by the Board , the condition of the finances of t he i ns ti tut ion . 2 . An Inst ruction Committee of five members, familiar with the re­ quire ments of a cademic and collegiate e ducation, of whom t hree shall cons titute a quorum. To t his comm ittee shall be essig ned the following du ti es : Firs t: They shall keep themselves acquainted with the edUca­ tional wo r kings of the lnsti tut10n , and its courses of instruc­ tion, and wi th the me thods and efficiency of the Pr esident and t eaohers, and shall r eport there on t o t he Board of College Trust ees at the annual meeting, Jor oftener if required . , Second: They shall require a wri tten annual r eport from t he 9 ~

President concerning the work of the year in all departments . Th ird : They' shall be charged with co nsidering the claims of candidates for the position of teacher, and of reporting upon them to the Board or to the Executive Committee; and they shall suggest to the Board or to the Executive Committee such additions and changes of teachers as may at any time be deemed necessary for greater efficiency in the work of the i nsti tu­ tion. Fourth: They shall cons ider and reco'lIIl end to the Board or to t he Execu ti ve Commi ttee the i ncreased 'ed uca ti onal appliances needed , in the way of text books, apparatus , library, etc. 3 . An Exe c utive Committee of seven members, inclu ding the Presi­ dent of the Board and the Presiden t of the College; of which Commi ttee the Presiden t of the Board shall be the chairman. Any f our members shall co nsti tute a quorum. The Executive Committee shall appoint its own secretary, who shall keep a record of its doings . The Executive Committee shall hold regular meetings on the t hird Tuesday of August, December, and rJIarch in each year; and also other meetings a t t he call of the president and secretary. I t sha ll be the duty of t he Executive Co mm ittee to manage all t he financial and business affairs of the institution during the i nterval between the regular meetings of t he Board , except in so f ar a s such affairs may have been referred by the Board t o other comm ittees.

The Executive Co~mi ttee may delegate business to individual me mbers, to sub- comm ittees , or to others not members , but it may not aut horize such persons to i nc ur pecuniary obligations wi thout explicitly defining and limiti l1R the same . All indiViduals and sub- comm ittees to whom any duties are ei­ ther occasional ly or regul arly de l egated by the Executive Com­ mi ttee shall render a satisfactory report to date l in Writing, if required) at each regular 'mee ting of the comm ittee, which report sha ll be placed on file. The acts of t he 'Executive Comm ittee shall be bindi ng on the Board , but t hey shal l not have power to incur indebtedness exceeding t he sum of ~· 500 . 00 without s pecial vote of the Board authorizing the same , except in engagement of teachers as au­ thorized by the Board . The Executive Comm ittee s hall rubmi t its records, at least once in each year, to the Board for inspection, m.en the Board shall express its judgmen t in regar d to the d oings of the c ommi ttee since t he l as t review of the record . ge

SUB- CO Z"1v;I TrBE OF THE EXECUTIVE CO?J},:I TTEE A sub- committee on Property and Finance shall be appointed by t he Executive Comm ittee , whose special duties shall be : First: To look aft er the b uildi ng s and other propert y . Second : To att end to t he heati ng of the buildi ng , t h e e mploy­ ment o f a j anitor , a nd whatever other pro vision is necessary for the saf ety of t he prop erty and t he comf ort o f those occu­ pying it. Third : To c are for the i nsurance of the b uildings agains t loss by fire , and their protection a gai ns t injury; and to pro­ vide f or proper repa ir sand i mp ro ve rnen ts of the b uildings and grounds . Fourth: To a rrang e for the promp t and systematic collecti on of all bills of the i usti tution from the studen ts. Fifth: To arrange for the necessary p rinti ng , advertis1 ng , etc .

Sixth: To a udit all bills against th e i nsti tuti on which pro­ perl y c ome within their province, and dr aw orders upon the treas urer f or their paymen t ; and t o r eport th e s ame to the Execu tive Co mmi ttee at t heir firs t ensui ng reeul a r meeting .

VISI TING Cm..f1., ' I TTEES The Board shall appoint a Vi si ti ng Corumi ttee chosen f ro m among the members of the Board not residents of Waukesha, and whose d uty it s hall be t o visi t the lnst i tu tlon , especially a t the reg ula r exam­ i nations , a nd r e port to t he Board a t least once a year. The Pr esident of the College may request any of t he ecclesiastical bodies , at h i s descretion, to appoi nt committees to visit t h e in­ stitution f r om time to time as he ma y deem expedient .

SALARI ES AND APPOINTMEHTS All sala.rie s a re to be fixed by the Board o f Trustees, except t hat subs titutes may be appointed when va cancie s occur, and their salaries may be fixed by the "Execu ti ve Comm i ttee o'n the recom­ mendation of t he President and of the Comm ittee on Instruction , such appointments to be r eported to the Board at its next mee tin for fina l action .

COURSES OF STOnY The courses of study shall hereafter be determined as follows:

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GOVERNlv1EN T The Presiden t dr the College shall have control of all 1 ts in ter­ nal affair s , no t invo 1 ving f'i nanc i al expe nditures , inc luding in­ struction , government and d iscipline, and the carc of the library, apparatus, and cabinet.

DEGREES Diplomas and degrees shall be conf'erred by the Board of Trustees upon the recommendation of the President and of t he Instruction Comoittee.

CHANGES No rule of the Board shall be ohanged except a t regular meeting , and when due notice of the proposed change has been g iven at previous annual or s.emi- annual meetin,g . , I + + , I , , + + I I

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Alumni Files - A card catalogue system which is kept up-to-date ror aii livinR alumni. Carroll College Catalogyes - Catalogues have been preserved for the years 1856- 1857- 1858. A period then elapsed when there ere no cata logues. There a re catalogues for 1868 , 1874 , and every year thereafter. Carroll College Student - Thi s was a school paper organized and prInted fro~ 1854 to 1856. It was ~ ublishe d by a group of students organized into a literary society called the Philomathean Society. Carroll Echo - A college newspaper started in 1893 end continuing to present day. Mast of these newspapers ore on file in the colle1J:e librar y . Hinakaga - The college Annual published every year since 1913. Historical Sketch of Carroll College - Thi s pamphlet gives a re­ cord of the coYlege up t o the yea r 1893. There is no date on it or name of author. l.:llwaukee Journal - Clippings regarding the history ot Carroll College are on file in the college library. Scrapbooks of collefe - Librarians of the college have kept scrap­ boots of clipp ngs pertaining to college . " r.11 nutes of Board of Trustees - The minutes from t he n:eetings of the Board or Trustees have been preserved from 1860 to pre­ sent day.

Photostatic CopY of First CirCular I 1841 - This is a copy of rIrst circular advertising Prairieville Academy, later to become Carroll College. Proceedin s in Senate and House of Re resentatives u on rece tion and a cceptance from St a ta of l~ aryland of s tatues 0 Charles Car­ roll ot Carrollton and of John Iflinson - Thi s book was presented to the college by ~..: lss May Rankin and contained information about Charles Carroll . It is a collection of speeches made by different Congressmen when these s t atues were presented to the government.

Programs frOI!! !la Da.y Fetes a nd College Plays - ~ 81ly of these pro- . grams have t een preserved. Waukesha Democrat - Clippings from" this newspaper . ;vaukesha Freeman - Files of t his newspaper. 'Vaukesha Freeman Print - This pamp hlet gives a record of the early struggles of t he college . It t akes the record of the college up to 1893. It was written up from old records that the "!aukesha Freeman had ova ilablff. There is no date on 1 t or name of the writer. '