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Tourism Is Regarded As One of the Fasted Growing Industries in the World Today and a Dominant Sector of Economic Activities

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Tourism Is Regarded As One of the Fasted Growing Industries in the World Today and a Dominant Sector of Economic Activities 1 TITLE PAGE THE ROLE OF FESTIVALS IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IGALA LAND: A CASE STUDY OF ABOKO-EBIJE BOAT REGATTA AND OGANI ANGWA FESTIVAL IN IDAH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE. 2 APPROVAL PAGE Abutu Grace N., Reg. no: PG/MA/09/51802, a post graduate student in the department of Archaeology and Tourism has satisfactorily completed the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (M.A) in Tourism. The research work embodied in this research report is original and has not been submitted in part or in full for any other diploma, degree or master of this or any other university. …………………………….. …………………………….. Dr Mrs P. I. Eze-Uzomaka Dr A. M. IBEANU (Head of Department) (Project Supervisor) ……………………… (External Examiner) 3 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the all mighty God, my parents (Mr. and Mrs. Ijioma) and my husband (Hon Justice D. D. Abutu) 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank Almighty God for his love, kindness and mercy for seeing me through this programme. I am grateful to my husband Hon Justices D. D. Abutu for his care financially and moral support throughout my programme. My thanks go to my supervisor Dr A. M. Ibeanu, a brother and a friend for his constructive criticism, purposeful suggestions and supervising abilities that made this project a success. My profound gratitude goes to Prof P. U. Okpoko, brother and a friend for granting audience whenever I needed his advice. I am also indebted to Prof A. I. Okpoko for his kindness and word of advice. I am grateful to Dr L. C. Ekechukwu for his advice and contributions. My special thanks go to Dr (Mrs) P. I. Eze- Uzoamaka (the mother of the department). I am also grateful to Prof. E .E. Okafor; I thank Mr. Itanyi, Agu, Emeka Okonkwo for their support. I remain grateful to Mrs C. C. Ogomanam and Mrs. C.O Madubunyi. I am also grateful to Dr. Tom Miachi and his beloved wife. My colleagues S.O. Onyeabo (Head of department, Tourism), Mr. D. M Fanyi, T. T. Gungul, D. Y. Orga, Grace Adeniye, Mr. Geoge Adah, Hajia bello, Mrs. Kuku, Mr. Adukwu, Mallam Ali, Mary Odujenu, Sister Acho Umoru. I am indeed grateful to Sir, Isaac Chukwu, Barrister Ude and Justice Abang for their contribution and advice. Special thanks go to my course mates, Mr. Ekundanyo I. Mejabi, Mr. Christopher A. Diminyi, Miss Okaegbu Maureen, Madm Ify, Uche, Chinasa Ijeoma, Marcel, Uchenna, Mr. O. Makinde and Ikechwukwu Aniako. I am also very grateful to Mr. Mathew Itopa Akpata (Rector, Federal Polytechnic, Idah Kogi State) for sponsorship and releasing me to pursue my studies. 5 PREFACE The purpose of embarking on this research work is to ascertain the role of festivals in tourism development in Igala Land, Idah, Kogi State. This work is divided into four chapters with each topic having titles and sub titles. Chapter one deals with introduction, statement of the research problem, research objectives, research methodology, significance of the study, scope of the study and limitations of the study. Chapter two focuses on review of relevant literatures related to the research topic. It also reviews relevant theories like functionalism, modernization and symbolic interaction theories, which were used to establish the research work on academic ground. Detailed discussion on background information of Idah, which include its geographical information, climate, vegetation, history, settlement pattern, socio- political organization, socio-economic activities as well as the people‟s way of life were all discussed in chapter three. Chapter four focuses on the subject matter of the work, which is data presentation and analysis followed by summary, recommendations and conclusion, the fifth and final chapter. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page - - - - - - - - i Approval page - - - - - - - - ii Dedication - - - - - - - - iii Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - iv Preface - - - - - - - - v Table of Contents - - - - - - - - vi List of Figures - - - - - - - - viii List of Tables - - - - - - - - ix List of Plates - - - - - - - - x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1 1.1 Statement of Problem - - - - - - - 3 1.2 Research Objectives - - - - - - - 3 1.3 Research Method - - - - - - - 3 1.4 Significance of the Study - - - - - - 5 1.5 Limitations of the Study - - - - - - 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Review - - - - - - - 7 2.2 Empirical Literature - - - - - - - 15 2.3 Theoretical Orientation - - - - - - 28 CHAPTER THREE: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3.1 Brief Geographical and Historical Background - - - 30 3.2 Climate and Vegetation - - - - - - 32 3.3 The way of life of the people - - - - - 34 3.4 Socio-political Organization - - - - - 37 3.5 Socio-cultural activities - - - - - - 38 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 4.1 The Ogani Festival, the Origin and celebration - - - 40 4.2 Shrines and deities associated with festivals in Igala Land - 51 4.3 Aboko Ebije Boat Regatta - - - - - 54 4.4 The roles and significance of the Regatta - - - - 62 4.5 Gender roles during festivals in Igala Land - - - 63 4.6 Features/monuments associated with festivals - - - 65 7 4.7 Statistical analysis of the touristic value of the festivals in Igala Land 69 4.8 Identifying Tourism Potential of Festivals in Igala Land - - 75 4.9 Strategies for developing the festivals for tourism in Igala Land 77 CHAPTER FIVE 5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 86 5.2 Recommendations - - - - - - - 86 5.3 Conclusion - - - - - - - 87 REFERENCES LIST OF INFORMANTS 8 LISTS OF FIGURS Fig. 1. Kogi State Local Government Area Map. 31 Fig. 2. Map of Idah Local Government Area 31 Fig. 3. A pie chart Showing the Percentages of tourists inflow to Aboko Ebije Regatta 70 Fig. 4. A histogram showing the inflow of tourists to Aboko Ebije Regatta 71 Fig. 5. A histogram showing the inflow of tourists to Ogani-Angwa festival 73 Fig. 6. A pie chart showing the Percentages of tourists inflow to Ogani-Angwa festival 74 9 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Number of visitors/tourists that attend Aboko Ebije Boat Regatta. 69 Table 11: Number of visitors/tourists that attend Ogani festival 72 Table 111: List of Informants 93 10 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1. A picture Showing the researcher and one of her informant in Angwa clan 42 Plate 2. A picture showing the six Marabauts from Bebeji 44 Plate 3. A picture of Attah-Igala on his royal attire 44 Plate 4 A picture showing an acrobat on display 46 Plate 5. A picture showing an acrobat on display during Ogani festival 46 Plate 6. A picture showing an acrobat on display during Ogani festival 47 Plate 7. A picture showing the 2010 celebration of Ogani festival in Agwa clan 49 Plate 8. A picture showing the 2010 celebration of Ogani festival in Agwa clan 49 Plate 9. A picture showing women in men attire moving round Attah‟s palace 50 Plate 10. The gate and main entrance to Attah‟s palace 50 Plate 11. A picture showing women in men attire moving round Attah‟s palace 51 Plate 12. A picture showing Oja deity 52 Plate 13. A picture showing Ojaina groove 54 Plate 14. A picture showing the researcher and her informants at Aboko clan 56 Plate 15. A picture showing a group of oarsmen entertaining guests on land 57 Plate 16. A picture showing the Aboko Ebije female cultural troop 58 Plate 17. A picture showing Aboko Ebije group on display 58 Plate 18. A picture showing Amana Aboko group on display 59 Plate 19. A picture showing a group of oarsmen displaying on land 59 Plate 20. A group of women dancers at Aboko Ebije Boat Regatta 60 Plate 21. A picture showing a group of oarsmen 60 Plate 22. A picture showing one of the oarsmen displaying on ground 61 Plate 23. The chairman during his opening speech at Aboko Ebije Regatta 61 Plate 24. Elders and some musical instruments used at Aboko Ebije Regattta 62 Plate 25. The celebrants waiting for acrobats at Ele-Ojo mosque ground 65 Plate 26. The Statue of Inikpi at Ega market square 66 Plate 27. The statue of Omo-Idoko 68 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 11 1.0 INTRODUCTION Tourism is regarded as one of the fastest growing industries in the world today and a dominant sector of economic activities, which generates a lot of benefits to many regions of the world. Among the socio-economic benefits of tourism are income and employment generation, improvement in infrastructure and balance of economic activities in the host regions, encouragement in entrepreneurial activities, promotion of healthy relationships and understanding among cultural groups as well as the visitors (Nath 2008). A number of regions in the world have harnessed their natural and cultural tourism resources to promote viable tourism industry. In Caribbean countries, natural tourism resources such as sand beaches and sun shine have been used to promote water-based tourism that attract tourists from different parts of the world. The East African safari is supported by the abundant wildlife of the region. In Egypt, the pyramids and other cultural monuments have been attracting tourists to that part of the world since Roman Empire. The Mediterranean countries have also become tourist haven for those who cherished the ruins of Ephesus (Turkey), Knossos, Crete and many others. Nigeria, like wise, is blessed with abundant cultural and natural tourist‟s attractions. As a result of the wide variety in physical environments, climate and vegetation zones, the country is endowed with a wide range of cultural, natural and historical resources. Among them are game reserves and national parks such as Kainji National Park, Gashaka Gumti National Park, Borgu GameReserve; cultural festivals, such as, Argungu fishing festival in Kebbi state, the Osun- Oshogbo festival in Osun state, Abuja Masquerade festival, Boat Regattas of Petegi in Niger and Opobo in River states. Nigeria is also blessed with a number of historic towns which are tourist attractions in their own right.
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