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2017

Electrical and Computer Engineering Annual Report 2017

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University

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Mobility: Research, teaching, and partnerships

16569.indd 1 12/14/17 2:49 PM Greetings to all from The Department has been hard at work developing Houghton, Michigan, and the our capabilities in the areas of robotics, control, and Department of Electrical and automation. I see this as a strategic growth area for the Computer Engineering at Department and also for our obligations to the state of Michigan Tech! Michigan. This is closely related to what we are doing in mobility, which is the new term for everything related to It is my pleasure to bring to movement of people, information, and things. Mobility is you our 2017 Annual Report, the theme of the research section of the report this year, which covers activity in the and I have more to say about it elsewhere. ECE Department for the 2017 fiscal year, running In May of this year we celebrated a nice milestone, with from July 1, 2016 to June the 50th anniversary of the first female graduate of the 30, 2017. This has been a Michigan Tech EE department, Pat Anthony. We invited Pat tumultuous time across the country, but in our corner of the back to campus, included her in all the commencement

FROM THE CHAIR THE FROM world we continue to press forward in pursuit of excellence activity, and inducted her into the ECE Academy. It was a in teaching and research in electrical and computer wonderful moment. engineering—doing what we can, in our own way, to make Throughout the nine years I have been at Michigan Tech, the world a better place. Technological advances are I have been blessed to have an extraordinarily capable happening at a rapid pace, faster than ever before in human and hardworking business manager and technical history, and we need to be there to shape the research communications specialist, Lisa Hitch. Lisa keeps the agenda and prepare our students for the 21st century. finances, personnel issues, and communications in Everything we do is the result of the hard work of our the Department running smoothly, and she has been faculty, and I am pleased to report that the faculty, an invaluable personal assistant to me in day-to-day especially our younger faculty, are having considerable administrative duties. I don’t know what I would do without success in their career development. Three of our assistant her. In this issue, we make up for a lot of lost time as we professors received major early career awards: Lucia feature Lisa in our staff profile. Gauchia and Zhaohui Wang are recipients of the National As always, I welcome feedback about what we are doing Science Foundation CAREER awards, which are five-year in the ECE Department. If you see something you like, or awards given to the best and brightest faculty members something we could be doing better, just let me know. in the country while they are still on the tenure track. Jeremy Bos is the recipient of an equivalent early career award from the US Air Force Young Investigator Program. 2 Meanwhile, Sumit Paudyal is proving to be one of the most valuable faculty members in the Department through his Daniel R. Fuhrmann large courses in power system optimization and control, his Dave House Professor and Chair outstanding student course evaluations, and his growing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering externally funded research program. [email protected]

3 Early Career Awards 4 Faculty Directory 6 Faculty Highlights 7 Special Report: Mobility at Michigan Tech 14 Faculty Publications 17 Staff Profile & Directory 18 Graduate Student Research 19 Accelerated Master's Degree 20 Graduate Student Awards & Degrees 21 Undergraduate Highlights 22 Senior Design 23 Enterprise 25 Undergraduate Student Awards & Advisory 26 Grants & Contracts 27 Departmental Statistics 28 A Pioneer's Story

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 2 12/14/17 2:49 PM Early Career Awards

On the cover: Sumit Paudyal and his research team are developing real-time and efficient control algorithms to aggregate distributed energy resources and coordinate them with the control of the underlying power grid infrastructure. Read more on page 11.

Lucia Gauchia Zhaohui Wang Jeremy Bos Lucia Gauchia received a five-year, Zhaohui Wang, an assistant professor Jeremy Bos is a 2016 recipient of a $500,000 NSF CAREER Award to of electrical and computer Young Investigator Program (YIP) conduct research in how ecological engineering, received an NSF CAREER Award through the Air Force Office systems can inspire better battery Award to improve underwater of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Bos, design and scalability. Gauchia, the acoustics networks to maximize an assistant professor of electrical Richard and Elizabeth Henes Assistant information delivery. engineering who studies atmospheric Professor of Energy Storage, who optics, will use this three-year grant A major challenge in any holds a joint appointment in ECE and to piece together images affected communication system is getting a Mechanical Engineering-Engineering by anisoplanatism— when parts of an signal from a transmitting node to a Mechanics, studies what is called image are extremely distorted—over receiving node. "For communications, a battery's second life—when it is long distances. what really matters is the signal-power- repurposed for a new use after it has 3 to-noise-power ratio," Wang says, “Receiving the YIP award is a great been drained. explaining that maximizing the honor and underscores the importance According to Gauchia, testing a battery ratio underwater depends on two of basic imaging research in the area is like studying a fish in a pond. "In other factors. of extreme anisoplanatism,” Bos says. engineering, we take the fish out of "The objective is to see better and First, bodies of water are not serene the pond and expect to be able to farther." His work will also improve or static; they're landscapes rich with tell how it's going to live in the pond; long-range optical communication sound. The ambient soundscapes of the ecologists do not extract their subjects systems and "defend against threats ocean floor or Lake Superior are full of from their environment." using laser light." background noise, which can interfere Gauchia plans to test a number of with an acoustic signal, or a signal The YIP is open to scientists and batteries in first- and second-life can interfere with natural sound, such engineers at research institutions stages under a variety of conditions. as whale whistles. Also, underwater across the US who received PhD or She will then use Bayesian networks environments change seasonally, daily equivalent degrees in the last five years to inform ecology-based methods to or even hourly, which can also alter a and who show exceptional ability and discern patterns in the data; with those signal's strength by the time it reaches promise for conducting basic research. patterns, she can do cross-level testing the receiver. In 2016, AFOSR received more than 230 to see what holds true from batteries to proposals for the prestigious award. Wang's goal is not only to improve packs to modules. The analyses should node-to-node communication but to help better predict when a battery create an adaptive network that learns might fail in any of its life stages, which its underwater environment. could lead to improved energy storage and longer battery life.

Cover: ECE faculty and students work to solve current and future challenges in the broad area of mobility.

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 3 12/14/17 2:50 PM FACULTY DIRECTORY FACULTY

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Faculty Directory Ashok Ambardar Jeffrey Burl Associate Professor Associate Professor PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of Wyoming PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of California—Irvine Signal processing, medical imaging Adaptive control, robust control, image motion estimation

Glen Archer Bo Chen Principal Lecturer/Associate Chair Dave House Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and PhD, Electrical Engineering, Michigan Technological University Electrical Engineering Image processing, security, information operations PhD, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California—Davis Paul Bergstrom Intelligent mechatronics, embedded systems Professor PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan Christopher (Kit) Cischke MEMS, nanotechnology Senior Lecturer MS, Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Leonard Bohmann Parallel computing and UPC Professor/Associate Dean, College of Engineering PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Zhuo Feng Power systems, renewable energy Associate Professor PhD, Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University Jeremy Bos VLSI computer-aided design, multiphysics modeling Assistant Professor and simulation PhD, Electrical Engineering, Michigan Technological University Atmosphere optics, image processing, machine intelligence Daniel R. Fuhrmann Dave House Professor and Chair Duane Bucheger PhD, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Professor of Practice/Senior Design Coordinator Princeton University PhD, Sensing and Signal Processing, Statistical signal and image processing Michigan Technological University Signal processing, power electronics

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 4 12/14/17 2:50 PM Lucia Gauchia Joshua Pearce Richard and Elizabeth Henes Assistant Professor of Energy Professor Storage Systems PhD, Materials (Engineering option), PhD, Electrical, Electronic, and Automation Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University University of Carlos III of Madrid, Spain Photovoltaic materials and devices, energy system analysis and Energy storage systems, state estimation for batteries policy, 3-D printing and additive manufacturing and supercapacitors Warren Perger Durdu Guney Professor Associate Professor PhD, Physics, Colorado State University PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Theoretical atomic physics, electrophysics California—San Diego Metamaterials and plasmonics, quantum computing, Michael Roggemann communications and cryptography Professor Chair, Graduate Program Committee Timothy Havens PhD, Electro-Optics, Air Force Institute of Technology William and Gloria Jackson Associate Professor Optics, image reconstruction and processing, pattern recognition PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri Pattern recognition and machine learning, signal and Timothy Schulz image processing Professor DSc, Electrical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis Shiyan Hu Statistical signal processing, computational photography Associate Professor PhD, Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University Elena Semouchkina Computer-aided design of VLSI circuits and Associate Professor combinatorial optimizations PhD, Materials (Engineering option), The Pennsylvania State University Roger Kieckhafer Electromagnetic metamaterials, computational Associate Professor electromagnetic analysis PhD, Electrical Engineering, Cornell University Computer architecture, fault-tolerant computing Min Song Dave House Professor and Chair, John Lukowski Department of Computer Science Associate Professor Director, Institute of Computing and Cybersystems Chair, Undergraduate Programs Committee PhD, Computer Science, The University of Toledo 5 MS, Electrical Engineering, Michigan Technological University Wireless networks and wireless sensor networks, computer Power, energy, factory automation, robotics security, mobile computing

Christopher Middlebrook Chee-Wooi Ten Associate Professor Associate Professor PhD, Optics, University of Central Florida PhD, Electrical Engineering, University College Dublin Infrared detectors, optics, photonics, radiometry Power infrastructure cybersecurity, future control center framework, SCADA/EMS/DMS applications Bruce Mork Dennis Wiitanen Professor of Electric Power Systems Zhaohui Wang PhD, Electrical Engineering, North Dakota State University Assistant Professor Power system transients (ATP/EMTP), nonlinear dynamics and PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, chaos theory, power system protection University of Connecticut Communications, signal processing, communication networks, Saeid Nooshabadi and network security Professor PhD, Integrated Circuits (VLSI), Indian Institute of Wayne Weaver Technology Delhi Dave House Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering High-performance computer architecture, embedded systems PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Aurenice Oliveira Power electronics systems, microgrids, hybrid Associate Professor and electric vehicles PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Seyed (Reza) Zekavat Optical fiber communications, automation, Professor wireless communication PhD, Communication, Colorado State University Wireless localization systems, wireless power transfer, Sumit Paudyal statistical signal processing Assistant Professor PhD, Electrical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada Smart-grid technologies, optimization techniques in power systems

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 5 12/14/17 2:50 PM Faculty Highlights Professional Service Glen Archer was appointed to serve as an Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) evaluator. Leonard Bohmann is the Treasurer of the IEEE Education Society and serves on the board of governors. He is a member of ABET EAC and serves as a team chair on accreditation visits. He serves on the Finance Committee of the Women in Engineering ProActive Network (WEPAN) and is the faculty advisor for Michigan Tech's chapter of the engineering honor society, Tau Beta Pi. FACULTY HIGHLIGHTS FACULTY Jeremy Bos was reappointed SPIE Scholarship Committee chair for 2018 and serves as a conference chair for Laser Propagation through Atmospheres and Oceans. Bos serves as an associate editor for Applied Optics. Bo Chen serves as associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Durdu Guney serves on the editorial board of Nanotechnology as associate editor for Nanodevices. Tim Havens serves as associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, was appointed executive director of Michigan Tech’s Data Science Program, and serves on the Technical Program Committee for IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. 6 Bruce Mork serves as the IEEE Working Group (WG) chair on Ferroresonance, the IEEE WG chair for Power Globe, and is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for the Norwegian Smart Grid Center. Saeid Nooshabadi presented a full-day tutorial in flagship International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2017 Joshua Pearce was promoted from associate professor in Baltimore, Maryland, on the topic circuits and systems with tenure to professor with tenure. The ECE Department on machine learning. He also presented a full-day tutorial congratulates Professor Pearce on this accomplishment and in the Canadian Conference in Electrical and Computer on all his achievements in research and teaching. Engineering 2017 on the topic circuits and systems on statistical data processing. Aurenice Oliveira was appointed to serve as an ABET EAC Awards evaluator. Oliveira has also joined the Pavlis Honors College Glen Archer received the 2017 Jackson Center for leadership program as faculty site coordinator for a new Teaching and Learning Award for Large Class Teaching. project site in Brazil. Duane Bucheger was honored as Professor of the Year Sumit Paudyal serves on the Customer Systems Committee by the Michigan Tech Chapter of Eta Kappa Nu (HKN), for the IEEE Power & Energy Society Smart Buildings – the student honor society of IEEE. Loads. Jeff Burl was awarded an Erskine Fellowship to teach Chee-Wooi Ten is a member of the editorial boards for the spring semester 2017 at the University of Canterbury, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy, Christchurch, New Zealand. Grids, and Networks (SEGAN). Lucia Gauchia was promoted to IEEE senior member. Reza Zekavat served as workshop chair on Space Solar Power for the IEEE WiSEE Conference 2017. He also served Saeid Nooshabadi received the Royal Society as a steering committee member for IEEE ISMICT 2016, and International Exchange Award for collaboration serves on the editorial board of the Springer International between the University of Newcastle and Michigan Journal on Wireless Information Networks and GSTF Journal Technological University. on Mobile Communications, Networking and Applications.

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

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When the University was founded in 1885, the internal combustion engine was still in its early stages of development. Tech’s founding legislation included the mandate to “seek to promote the welfare of the industries of the state.” The University has played a vital role in the growth of the Michigan automotive industry. The two entities have shaped each other over the years, and much of Michigan Tech’s current organization, and success, can be traced to that relationship. It should come as no surprise, then, that as the automotive industry undergoes major disruptive changes, and the state of Michigan seeks to remain front and center, Michigan Tech will continue to play an important role. The very term “automotive industry” is falling by the wayside today, in favor of the broader, more inclusive term mobility. Mobility refers to all products, services, and infrastructure that are designed to move people, information, and things from one place to another. While the automobile as a manufactured product remains an important component in this mix, the way we view transportation and automobile ownership and use are rapidly changing, and a host of new technologies are driving that transformation. The “electrical content” in automobiles has increased rapidly during the past few decades, first with the advent of microprocessors for electronic control of a variety of automotive subsystems, and then in the drivetrain itself with the introduction of hybrid electric and all-electric vehicles. The electrical content has created a demand for more electrical engineers in the workforce and many ECE graduates are a part of that. More recently, the “computing content” of automobiles has taken a quantum leap forward with research and development in autonomous vehicles. The idea of self-driving cars has captured the imagination of automotive manufacturers, information 7 technology companies, and universities, and Michigan Tech is no exception. The idea of the automobile as the centerpiece of our transportation needs is also challenged by new technologies. Ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft reduce our dependence on owned or rented vehicles, and keep many cars out of the garage, where they are least useful. Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication hold the promise of greater efficiency and safety in congested areas. Autonomous vehicles create a shift in our thinking about urban planning, as cars no longer need to be parked close to the humans that use them. Multimodal transportation, including walking, bicycles, automobiles, buses, and other forms of mass transit can be seamlessly integrated using modern information technology. With technological development happening so quickly, we at Michigan Tech believe it is valuable to explore what we are doing in the mobility space across campus, and to promote both the collaborations among ourselves and the visibility of the University as a partner to the state of Michigan. In April 2017, we held a Mobility Summit, a half-day event that brought everyone together. The ECE Department played a big part in that event. We have nine faculty members, or a third of the Department, working on mobility-related issues. As the theme of this year’s annual report, we hope you will find within these pages challenges to your own thinking about cars, transportation, and electrical and computer engineering. — Daniel R. Fuhrmann

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 7 12/14/17 2:50 PM Taking Autonomous Vehicles Off-Road MOBILITY RESEARCH

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Jeremy Bos ECE, Mechanical Engineering- Engineering Mechanics, and Assistant Professor Computer Science, has a goal to Many people have seen videos reach level SAE 4 Autonomy in of autonomous vehicles roaming closed test environment, which around California. But what about means that a human driver is in Houghton in the winter? present but no interaction is Can autonomous vehicles go required to travel from origin to off-roading? destination on urban mixed-use Jeremy Bos focuses on operation environment (pedestrian, bicycles, of autonomous vehicles (AV) in and automobiles). During year winter weather when road markings one the team will complete a are not visible and tire and road concept design as well as an on- conditions are unknown. He is also site evaluation to include straight interested in operation of vehicles roadway driving and object in off-road trail environments (sand, avoidance and detection. Year one mud, snow), as well as leader/ final competition will be hosted follower scenarios in unstructured at GM’s Desert Proving Ground in environments. To that end, Bos is Yuma, Arizona in May. exploring low-cost sensors You can follow Prometheus Borealis for use in off-road and severe @MTUAutoDrive on Twitter. The Remote Operated Vehicle winter weather. (ROV) Project sponsored by Great Bos serves as advisor to the Lakes Research Center (GLRC) Bos will be putting his AV Robotics Systems Enterprise modifies the research to the test as Michigan (RSE). Under his advising, the current OpenROV platform to Tech is one of eight universities Clearpath Team maintains the ECE be towed behind GLRC research selected to participate in the Department’s fleet of Autonomous vessels and creates stereo maps of AutoDrive Challenge sponsored Ground Vehicles (AGVs), creates lake bottoms more affordably than by General Motors and SAE demonstrations for outreach, and commercial solutions. International. As an AutoDrive develops training materials for new team lead, Bos’ team Prometheus RSE recruits. Borealis, a collaboration between

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 8 12/14/17 2:50 PM Underwater Communications temporal variation of the ambient transmission loss between nodes— soundscape and the variation of the and then using machine learning sound propagation loss from one principles to model and predict point to another. The variation can underwater dynamics in real time. be drastic due to changes in the Doing so helps the design of variety of natural, anthropogenic, adaptive and eco-friendly and biological ambient sound acoustic communication and sources, water surface conditions, networking strategies. and the sound speed that is Additionally, Wang’s research goes a function of water salinity, under ice. With the northern ice- temperature, and pressure. bound coastal climate of the Upper Zhaohui Wang and her students Peninsula, Wang and her students in the Underwater Acoustic go out every winter to conduct Networked Systems (UANS) Lab under-ice acoustic communication develop underwater acoustic experiments on the Keweenaw communication and networking Waterway to study the under-ice techniques to maximize information soundscape and the acoustic delivery among underwater mobile propagation characteristics. platforms that may distribute over The research outcome and the Zhaohui Wang a vast geographical area, and field experimental datasets will Assistant Professor meanwhile maintain harmonious contribute to the Arctic maritime From studying marine animals to coexistence with other acoustic domain awareness. systems, such as marine mammals. tactical surveillance to offshore oil Teaching and outreach are a natural and gas drilling, underwater mobile Funded by NSF, Wang and her part of Wang's work and vital to platforms are used for underwater students investigate intelligent propagating not just sound waves exploration and monitoring in acoustic communication networks but future research. Along with oceans and lakes. Integrated that can proactively adapt to the extensive field experiments in operation of the mobile platforms underwater acoustic environment open water or under ice, students 9 requires underwater acoustic dynamics. The key to building such in Wang’s lab have plenty of communication for delivery of a network is using approaches like opportunities to get their feet wet. data and control messages. passive listening—hydrophones that Visit pages.mtu.edu/~zhaohuiw to However, efficient and reliable detect changes in the soundscape— learn more. acoustic communication has along with active probing—using been challenged by the spatial- the signal itself to assess the sound

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 9 12/14/17 2:50 PM Multi-sensor Fusion on Mobile Platforms of which complement one another to side, the Michigan Department of sense the world. Transportation is interested in using UAVs for inspection of roadways, “The idea is to produce a total bridges, confined spaces, and combined measurement that is better for traffic monitoring. Havens has than just the sum of the individual developed a sensor-fused UAV pod sensors,” Havens says. that uses LIDAR, video cameras, and Havens and the Pattern Recognition inertial sensors to produce accurate and Intelligence Machines 3-D representations of road and Engineering (PRIME) Lab explores bridge surfaces. the area of sensor-fusion from both The PRIME Lab also focuses on a practical, application-focused more theoretical aspects of sensor standpoint, and also from a and information fusion. Participants

MOBILITY RESEARCH theoretical learning-theory approach have published several articles on to information fusion. optimizing the fusion of uncertain Havens and his students are information from humans and sensors investigating multi-sensor fusion to produce the best, and most Timothy Havens for many applications, including informative, outputs. explosive hazard detection and William and Gloria Jackson “The students in the PRIME Lab infrastructure inspection from Associate Professor of Computer are doing really exciting, creative terrestrial vehicles and unmanned Systems work,” Havens says. “They continually aerial vehicles (UAVs). An important An important goal for many mobile surprise me with their enthusiasm goal for the US Army is to mitigate platforms—terrestrial, aquatic, or and innovation.” the threat of explosive hazards. airborne—is reliable, accurate, and Havens develops algorithms and Visit icc.mtu.edu/datasciences or on-time sensing of the world around signal processing approaches to mtu.edu/data-science, them. One way that these platforms combine radars, imaging sensors, or explore prime.ece.mtu.edu to accomplish this goal is by combining and LIDAR to detect these threats learn more. multiple different types of sensors, all at a safe distance. On the civilian 10 Battery Mobility Across Applications

across applications. For example, their real in-the-field conditions. This when electric vehicle batteries reach will produce a large dataset that will their end of lives, there remains in be used to train aging estimation them considerable usable capacity. networks. To study real operation The batteries are extracted from conditions, Gauchia and her students the vehicle, re-assembled in new are looking at effects of driving and packs and repurposed in a milder vehicle-to-grid services on battery application, giving a second life to aging to better understand the these batteries. The success of the aging process batteries experience mobility between application is during their first mobility application. three-fold: 1) Identifying the battery Gauchia and her students are also aging state, which is challenging as testing aging dispersion inside a batteries come with different aging battery pack with the help of MSc stages, technologies, form factors, students trained through the energy and locations; 2) Selecting the cells storage course. that will configure the second-life Additionally, Gauchia and her battery pack and matching them to students are looking forward to next an application; and 3) Adaptation of summer’s research experience for the management system during the Lucia Gauchia underrepresented female students. battery second life to account for the Richard and Elizabeth Henes degraded conditions. This battery mobility research is Assistant Professor of Energy funded by a 2017 NSF At the Energy Storage Systems and Storage Systems CAREER Award. Sustainability Lab (E3S), Gauchia and Batteries are engaged in mobility her students are developing new Visit e3s-lab.com to learn more. as part of transportation solutions low-cost, large-scale testing that such as vehicles and drones, but also includes battery mobility stages in

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 10 12/14/17 2:50 PM Agile Electrical Networks newer technologies such as rail guns “Heat is a large factor in the design and electric aircraft launch assist. because not only is there limited Therefore, there is a push to convert cooling available, the heat can also most power distribution on a ship cause drastic changes in how the or aircraft into an electrical system operates,” Weaver says. energy network. New loads such as lasers and Wayne Weaver and his students are rail guns generate a tremendous working on new analysis and control amount of heat, and can cause techniques to optimize the electrical unpredictable and unstable behavior energy networks in US Navy ships in the electrical system. The controls and US Air Force aircraft. and algorithms in development by Weaver’s research group, and in the “These naval and aircraft systems Center for Agile and Interconnected have highly demanding operations Microgrids (AIM), encompass the in harsh environments and under complete overall picture of energy in stressful situations” Weaver says. “It the system and not just the electrical is critical that the electrical network power cables. Wayne Weaver operate reliably and efficiently to let the sailors and the pilots do their “The students and faculty in AIM Dave House Associate Professor of jobs safely.” are doing exciting and important Electrical Engineering work that breaks down many of the Weaver and his students are Energy on naval ships and aircraft traditional walls between disciplines modeling the complete energy flows has traditionally been distributed like electrical and mechanical in the system. They incorporate not through mechanical, hydraulic, engineering,” Weaver says. just the electrical energy distribution, and electrical systems. But there but also the mechanical and thermal Visit aim.mtu.edu to learn more. is a growing demand for highly aspects of the loads in the modeling flexible, reliable, and agile methods and control process. to meet the operational needs of

Powertrain Control for Connected Vehicles 11 safety, mobility, and efficiency of development; the system utilizes transportation systems. Connected the information provided by the vehicles are able to communicate vehicle connectivity and incorporates with nearby vehicles and roadway vehicle/powertrain dynamics for infrastructure through vehicle- making the control decisions on to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to- vehicle operating mode selection and infrastructure (V2I) communications. powertrain energy management. The Connectivity makes available to control system consists of two layers. on-board vehicle controllers real- The upper layer determines optimal time traffic information, road surface vehicle velocity and power trajectory conditions, and surrounding vehicle based on speed bounds from real- information to achieve predictive time traffic simulation, road grade, vehicle/powertrain control. The V2V/V2I data, vehicle/powertrain US Department of Transportation dynamics, and powertrain physical and Department of Energy have constraints. Given future velocity supported the research and trajectory and power demand, the development of CV technologies in most efficient powertrain control law Bo Chen recent years to demonstrate their can be found through the lower layer benefits in real-world transportation model predictive controller. Dave House Associate Professor systems. of Mechanical Engineering and Chen and her students have Electrical Engineering With funding from the ARPA-E published a number of papers on NEXTCAR program, Michigan Tech connected vehicles and powertrain The Laboratory of Intelligent Me- in collaboration with General Motors optimization, optimal energy chatronics and Embedded Systems is developing and demonstrating management of hybrid electric (IMES) led by Chen is developing the benefit of connected vehicle vehicles, driving pattern recognition, advanced control strategies and technologies and powertrain impact of electric vehicle charging optimization algorithms for vehicle optimization using a fleet of eight on the power grid, and the mitigation powertrain control and Electric 2017 Chevrolet Volts. Chen leads strategy of this impact. Vehicle-Smart Grid integration. the control thrust of the Michigan Visit me.sites.mtu.edu/chen to learn Tech NEXTCAR program. A model Connected vehicle (CV) technologies more. are emerging to improve the predictive control system is under

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 11 12/14/17 2:50 PM Vehicular Communications and Networking provide convenience services, such Frequent topological changes due as e-parking and toll payment. to high node (vehicle) mobility, time Through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) in- constraints (latency), low penetration car warnings, drivers will be alerted of vehicles in certain areas leading to to imminent crash situations, such as poor connectivity and performance merging trucks, cars in the driver’s degradation, and security and user blind spot, or when a vehicle ahead privacy issues. brakes suddenly. By communicating Oliveira’s group working in the with vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), Communication Systems and drivers will be alerted when they are Vehicular Network Technologies entering a school zone, if workers are (CSVNet) Lab focuses on on the roadside, and if an upcoming technologies that will advance traffic light is about to change. the reliability and deployment of MOBILITY RESEARCH V2V and V2I are also collectively connected and autonomous vehicles. referred as V2X (vehicle-to-anything), Solutions to support VANET and V2X including bicycles, cellphones, etc. applications are the core of this effort. Oliveira’s current research on The performance evaluation of these vehicular communications and solutions needs to be tested using

Aurenice Oliveira networking includes intra-vehicle state-of-the-art simulation platforms Associate Professor communications (CAN, LIN, and vehicular testbeds, which are in MOST, FlexRay), inter-vehicle further development and updated by Vehicular networking technologies communications (V2V, V2I, V2X), and the CSVNet group. The new cohort have emerged as critical technologies the interface between the of students in the CSVNet Lab is very capable of enabling a variety of two domains. enthusiastic and looks forward to applications in the areas of safety, contributing to the new, intelligent traffic-efficient and eco-friendly Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) transportation era. transportation, and infotainment. is the supporting network for These technologies are expected intelligent transportation services Visit blogs.mtu.edu/oliveira to learn to reduce vehicle crashes by 80 including V2V, V2I, V2X. Despite more. 12 percent, provide better traffic and VANET’s many advantages, its main travel condition information, and characteristics are quite challenging: The Evolution of Automotive Control systems, the engine, and numerous control systems. His current research subsystems. Control of vehicles will is in the area of power split control become more important in the future for hybrid electric vehicles. Burl and as we add autonomous drive. his students have developed a novel adaptive equivalent consumption Burl has recently developed a new minimization strategy that is graduate class titled “Automotive formulated to ensure energy-saving Control Systems.” This course opportunities can be captured provides students with theory when available. An example of this and case studies for a number of is making sure the battery is not automobile control systems including fully charged when an opportunity fuel, spark, idle speed, traction, for regenerative braking occurs. transmission, stability, cruise, and Similarly, another strategy is to hybrid electric vehicle power split. make sure battery power is available This course is especially fun because when the electric motors will keep the auto industry has developed a the engine running in an efficient number of specialized tricks over manner. In addition, modifications to the years. These tricks increase this control system yield a balance the students’ control playbook between fuel economy and Jeff Burl significantly over what is usually battery life. Associate Professor taught at universities. This popular course is offered both on campus and Burl expects automotive controls Modern mobile systems employ online as part of the new certificate to continue to gain in popularity sensing and control to improve program in Automotive Systems and because of the demand for driveability, comfort, efficiency, Control for graduate engineers. automotive engineers with and decrease emissions. Control control experience. systems are critical components of Over the years, Burl has conducted the heating, audio, steering, and fuel research on a number of automotive

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 12 12/14/17 2:50 PM Navigation Within a Semi-Autonomous World tracks that optimally navigate from Cloud or Edge processing 13 within roads or air are emerging units—a procedure that exploits rapidly. These mobiles apply deep- huge volumes of data generated by learning processes to the data numerous sensors. As the first step collected from numerous sensors to create control signals, the Cloud (within or outside of the mobile) should extract the driving behavior to enable their safe autonomous of non-autonomous vehicles motion through rigorous control through deep-learning algorithms. procedures. IoT principles enable Here, exploiting the variety of data sharing raw or processed sensor reduction and data analytics to data across neighboring mobiles. support low-latency deep learning Addressing latency and reliability becomes critical. in processing and communication Zekavat and his students at the while maintaining security is key to Wireless Local Positioning System the proper operation of autonomous Lab are working closely with Ford mobiles. Research Labs to investigate latency We will experience a semi- and reliability problems associated autonomous world while moving with the implementation of Reza Zekavat from the current non-autonomous autonomous driving within a semi- Professor state to a fully autonomous autonomous world. Location-based one—a transition period that may data reduction, sensor-to-Edge, and The Internet of Things (IoT) enables take years if not decades. The Edge-to-Cloud communication, and the connection of numerous sensors semi-autonomous world defines data-propelled driving behavior and devices through Edge and stimulating problems for engineers assessment through deep learning Cloud computing. In our connected because both non-autonomous and are examples of the problems that world, artificial intelligence and autonomous mobiles will operate the Wireless Lab team is tackling deep learning will incite new waves within the same environment. On the to move the implementation of of technological revolution that highways of the future, to minimize autonomous mobiles in a semi- modify our homes, highways, work the risk of accidents, autonomous autonomous world one step closer places, communities, and economy. vehicles should optimally drive in to reality. Intelligent and autonomous conjunction with non-autonomous Visit www.ece.mtu.edu/ee/faculty/ mobiles such as drones, cars, and vehicles via control signals received rezaz to learn more.

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

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PUBLICATIONS 1-13, February 2017.1-13, February Energies packs,” Li-Ion parallel and series of modeling and characterization the on BMSs of influence "The Gauchia L. D. Serrano-Jimenez, Castano-Solis, S. Energy Conversion Trans. IEEE conditions," operating realistic under testing modules energy for electrochemical setup architecture experimental domain time and frequency hybrid flexible and "Off-the-shelf Gauchia L. Castano-Solis, S. 2017. March Topics in Signal Processing Selected IEEE radar,” MIMO and Hybrid-MIMO 2-D for comparison D. and Fuhrmann Manna La M. 2017. June TX, (DAC), Austin, Conference Automation Design IEEE/ACM 54th Proc. in verification,” integrity grid power vectorless scalable Feng Z. and Zhao Z. 2016. November TX, Austin, (ICCAD), Design Computer-Aided 2016 Conf. Proc. IEEE/ACM in techniques,” solution matrix sparse based shared-memory leverating GPU on simulations Feng Z. and Han L. 2016.June TX, (DAC), Austin, Conference Automation Design IEEE/ACM 53rd Proc. in analysis,” perturbation spectral efficient leveraging Feng Z. 2016). 2016 April (online August 275-285, pp. Systems and Electrical Cars—Electronic Passenger directional PEV charging/discharging control,"PEV directional B. Chen and Cao, C. Wang, L. 2016. December Energies strategies," charging smart using grid distribution residential on penetration vehicle electric plug-in B. Chen and Wang, L. Cao, C. 2017). 2017 March (online 2, August no. Intl. SAE model," battery electrochemical with vehicle electric hybrid apower-split of analysis the for design simulation (HiL) the-loop B. Chen and Cheng M. (online June 2017). 2017 1433-1440, pp. 8, no. July 34, vol. A, America Soc. Optical J. atmospheres," non-Kolmogorov in variance Bos J. 2016. andComponents Systems Power Electric analysis," event and modeling program transient system—electromagnetic power series-compensated 345-kV Bohmann and L. J. Ramamurthy 2016. May 131607, devices," single-electron multi-Island coupled strongly in structures staircase Coulomb and blockade Coulomb the to leading Savaikar, M. and Conference PublicationsJournal Selected Articles 2016. Elsevier, 225, Applications and Nanowires II: Semiconductor Properties 6in Chapter Cells," KendrickC. Publishing, International 2016.Springer IntelligenceComputational in Defense and Security in Advances Recent 1in Chapter Detection," Hazard Explosive Forward-Looking in Methods Intelligence "Computational Havens T. Book Chapters 2016. July Press, Systems Energy and Power Area Local Weaver W. Kwasinski, A. Books Publications Faculty J. Passenger Cars—Electronic and Electrical Systems and Electrical Cars—Electronic J. Passenger , V.S. Gudimetla, and J. Schmidt, "Differential piston phase phase piston "Differential Schmidt, J. and , V.S. Gudimetla, , “Spectral graph sparsification in nearly-linear time time nearly-linear in sparsification graph , “Spectral J. Solid State Science and Technology A. Pinar A. and Becker, J. Stone, K. , D. Anderson,

P. Bergstrom and Joan Redwing, "Silicon Micro/Nanowire Solar Solar Micro/Nanowire "Silicon Redwing, Joan and , vol. 94 of Semiconductors and Semimetals, pp. 185- pp. Semimetals, and 94 Semiconductors of , vol. , vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 620-628, June 2017. June 620-628, 2, pp. 32, no. , vol. , “TinySPICE Plus: Scaling up statistical SPICE SPICE statistical up Scaling Plus: , “TinySPICE , “A spectral graph sparsification approach to approach sparsification graph , “A spectral , "The model integration and hardware-in- and integration model , "The Microgrids and Other Other and Microgrids Balog, R. , and , and J. Jaszczak, "Physical mechanisms mechanisms "Physical Jaszczak, J. , and , vol. 44, no. 15, no. 1745-1756, pp. 44, , vol. August , D. Serrano-Jimenez, and J. Sanz, Sanz, J. and , D. Serrano-Jimenez, , "Grid-tied single-phase bi- single-phase , "Grid-tied high of impact the of , "Mitigation , “Cramer-Rao lower bounds bounds lower , “Cramer-Rao , "Wind plant interaction in a in interaction plant , "Wind , vol. 11,, vol. 404-413, 2, pp. no. , Cambridge University University , Cambridge , vol. 10, 273, pp. no. , vol. , vol. 5, no. 7, no. 5, , vol. pp. , vol. 9,, vol. 12, no. SAE Intl. , and S. Javier, Javier, S. , and , vol. 9,, vol. 2, no. , pp. 13-44, 13-44, , pp. J. J. , vol. 10, , vol. , J. J. 043104, April 2017. April 043104, imaging,”dimensional Engineering Optical three- for diversity phase using reconstruction deconvolution andS. Hajmohammadi S. Nooshabadi (online 2017). January PowerElectric Research Systems curves," magnetization of calculation and measurements loss no-load transformer on harmonics voltage of "Influence Manty, Mork B. Chiesa, N. Høidalen, H. Ramamurthy, J. 2016.November links," photonic microwave bandwidth wide for modulator resonator Middlebrook C. and Hosseinzadeh A. 2016.October 1- x) 2," (SexS Si Growth J. Crystal of silicon dichalcogenides, stability and chemical characterization "Synthesis, Redwing, J. and Tamboli, A. Toberer,E. Liu, Z-K. Kendrick C. Krishna, L. Zhang, X. Chen, C. 2016.1338, May Trans. IEEE city," Computers smart on Hu S. Wang, L. 2016.October distributions," probability and possibility homogeneous of integration P. Havens T. F. and Elmore, D. Petry, Anderson, 2017. April Applications and its Mechanics Statistical A: Physica programming," positive completely using Havens S. Yazdanparast and T. 2017.071002, April Control and Measurement, Systems, Dynamic J. estimation," pose 3D platform mobile for fusion multi-sensor H. Deilamsalehy, Havens T. Advances AIP nano-imaging,” sub-diffraction-limited for superlenses and optics D. and Guney Sadatgol, M. W. Adams, Express lithography,” nanosphere made with arrays Materials Research amorphous silicon solar cells photovoltaic hexagonal with silver D. Guney Zhang, C. 1-7, 2016. November C Research Electromagnetics in Progress media,” gain without losses of compensation the by hyperlens of resolution D. and Guney Sadatgol, M. W. Adams, Zhang, X. 2016.December Physics J. New media,” gain without losses of compensation near-perfect by focus into lens’ ‘perfect D. and Guney Zhang, X. Sadatgol, M. W. Adams, B America Soc. Optical J. hyperlens,” ultrahigh-resolution for implementation and scheme compensation loss injection plasmon the emulating filter inverse D. and Guney W. Adams, Zhang, X. lithography,” Optics nanoscale J. for arrays plasmonic hexagonal front-surface with cells solar J. Pearce D. Guney Sadatgol, M. Cvetanovic, S. Gwamuri, J. Zhang, C. 1478-1488,pp. 2017. June B America Soc. Optical J. lens,” flat index negative imperfect with imaging subdiffraction for scheme injection D. and Guney Zhang, X. W. Adams, Ghoshroy, A. 718, 2016. May Quantum and Information Computation algorithm,” period-finding quantum Shor’s of implementation D. and Guney Grimes, M. Rickerd, C. Davies, J. 2016.August Energy Policy systems,” hybrid solar using climate anorthern in defection grid of viability economic L. Gauchia L. Winkler, R. Kantamneni, A. Optics Express Optics , vol. 3, pp. 1-14, October 2016. 1-14, pp. 3, , vol. October MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY , “Enhancement of hydrogenated amorphous silicon silicon amorphous hydrogenated of , “Enhancement , vol. 6, no. 10, October 2016. 10, no. 6, October , vol. , G. Betis, and R. Ranjan, "A computing perspective perspective "A computing Ranjan, R. and Betis, , G. Information Sciences Information , and J. Pearce, and , vol. 24, 24, 27268-27279, no. pp. , vol. , vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1310-1388, pp. 6, no. 34, 2017., vol. June , and J. Manela, "Heterogeneous "Heterogeneous Manela, J. , and , "Modularity maximization maximization , "Modularity , vol. 471,, vol. 1, no. 20-32, pp. , vol. 146, pp. 43-50, May 2017 May 43-50, 146, pp. , vol. , vol. 19,, vol. 1-11, pp. 2017. June , vol. 452, pp. 151-157, pp. 452, , vol. , “Plasmonic enhancement of of enhancement , “Plasmonic , “Analytical description of of description , “Analytical , vol. 363, pp. 24-39, pp. 363, , vol. , vol. 95, pp. 378-389, 95, pp. , vol. , vol. 18, 1-10, pp. , vol. , vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 1337- pp. 5, no. 65, , vol. , and J. Pearce, and , "Highly linear dual ring ring dual linear , "Highly , “Review of near-field near-field of , “Review , “Parallel blind , vol. 16, no. 7-8, pp. 700- 16, pp. 7-8, , vol. no. , E., S-L. Shang, Shang, S-L. , E., , vol. 56, no. 4, pp. pp. 4, no. 56, , vol. , vol. 139,, vol. 7, no. pp. , “An n-bit general general , “An n-bit , "Fuzzy Choquet Choquet , "Fuzzy , N. Stenvig, A. A. Stenvig, , N. , “Enhancing the the , “Enhancing the , “Bringing , “Active plasmon plasmon , “Active , vol. 34, no. 7, no. 34, , vol. , "Emerging , "Emerging , vol. 70, pp. , vol. , and , and 12/14/17 2:50 PM L. Hu and S. Nooshabadi, “Massive parallelization of approximate J. Laureto and J. Pearce, “Open source multi-head 3-D printer nearest neighbor search on KD-tree for high-dimensional image for polymer-metal composite component manufacturing,” descriptor matching," J. Visual Communication and Image Technologies, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1-22, June 2017. Representation, vol. 44, pp. 106–115, April 2017 (online January 2017). H. Chandra, S. Allen, S. Oberloier, N. Bihari, J. Gwamuri, and J. Pearce, “Open-source automated mapping four-point probe,” H. Jang, S. Nooshabadi, H. N. Lee, and K. Kim, “Circular sphere Materials, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-17, February 2017 decoding: A low complexity detection for MIMO systems with (online January 2017). general two-dimensional signal constellations,” IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 2085-2098, March 2017. E. Prehoda and J. Pearce, “Potential lives saved by replacing coal with solar photovoltaic electricity production in the U.S.,” J. Garcia, J. Montiel-Nelson, and S. Nooshabadi, “High Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 80, pp. 710-715, performance single supply CMOS 0.45-1V input to 1.1V output December 2017 (online June 2017). level up shifter,” Microelectronics J., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 82–86, February 2017. S. Wadhawan and J. Pearce, “Power and energy potential of mass- scale photovoltaic noise barrier deployment: A case study for C. Jiang and S. Nooshabadi, “Parallel multiview video coding the U.S.,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 80, pp. exploiting group of pictures level parallelism,” IEEE Trans. Parallel 125-132, December 2017 (online May 2017). and Distributed Systems, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 2316-2328, August 2016. R. Krishnan, A. Haselhuhn, and J. Pearce, “Technical solar photovoltaic potential of scaled parking lot canopies: A case B. Bhattarai, K. Myers, B. Bak-Jensen, and S. Paudyal, "Multi-time study of Walmart USA,” RISUS–J. Innovation and Sustainability, scale control of demand flexibility in smart distribution networks," vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 104-125, June 2017. Energies, vol. 10, no. 37, pp. 1-18, January 2017. N. Tanikella, B. Wittbrodt, and J. Pearce, “Tensile strength of G. Bharati and S. Paudyal, "Coordinated control of distribution commercial polymer materials for fused filament fabrication 3D grid and electric vehicle loads," Electric Power Systems Research, printing,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 15, pp. 40-47, May 2017 vol. 140, pp. 761-768, November 2016. (online March 2017). G. Bharati, M. Razmara, S. Paudyal, M. Shahbakhti and R. J. Laureto, J. Tomasi, J. King, and J. Pearce, “Thermal properties Robinett, "Hierarchical optimization framework for demand of 3-D printed polylactic acid-metal composites,” Progress in dispatch in building-grid systems," in Proc. 2016 IEEE Power and Additive Manufacturing, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 57-71, June 2017 Energy Society General Meeting (PES-GM), Boston, MA, (online April 2017). July 2016. A. Mundada, E. Prehoda, and J. Pearce, “U.S. market for solar R. Michaels and J. Pearce, “3-D printing open-source click-MUAC photovoltaic plug-and-play systems,” Renewable Energy, vol. 103, bands for identification of malnutrition,”Public Health Nutrition, pp. 255-264, April 2017 (online November 2016). vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 2063-2066, August 2017 (online May 2017). E. Prehoda, C. Schelly, and J. Pearce, “U.S. strategic solar B. Wittbrodt and J. Pearce, “3-D printing solar photovoltaic photovoltaic-powered microgrid deployment for enhanced racking in developing world,” Energy for Sustainable national security,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Development, vol. 36, pp. 1-5, February 2017 (online vol. 78, pp. 167-175, October 2017 (online May 2017). August 2016). A. Mundada, Y. Nilsiam, and J. Pearce, “A review of technical A. Pringle, R. Handler, and J. Pearce, “Aquavoltaics: Synergies for requirements for plug-and-play solar photovoltaic microinverter 15 dual use of water area for solar photovoltaic electricity generation systems in the United States,” Solar Energy, vol. 135, pp. 455-470, and aquaculture,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, October 2016 (online June 2016). vol. 80, pp. 572-584, December 2017 (online May 2017). S. Baum, D. Denkenberger, and J. Pearce, “Alternative foods as a E. Petersen and J. Pearce, “Emergence of home manufacturing in solution to global food supply catastrophes,” Solutions, vol. 7, no. the developed world: Return on investment for open-source 3-D 4, pp. 31-35, July 2016. printers,” Technologies, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 1-15, February 2017. J. Pearce, “Are you overpaying your academic executive J. Pearce, “Emerging business models for open source hardware,” team? A method for detecting unmerited academic executive J. Open Hardware, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 2, March 2017. DOI: http:// compensation,” Tertiary Education and Management, vol. 22, no. dx.doi.org/10.5334/joh.4 3, pp. 189-201, May 2016. S. Zhong, P. Rakhe, and J. Pearce, “Energy payback time of a D. Denkenberger and J. Pearce, “Cost-effectiveness of solar photovoltaic powered waste plastic recyclebot system,” interventions for alternate food to address agricultural Recycling, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 1-16, June 2017. catastrophes globally,” Intl. J. Disaster Risk Science, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 205-215, September 2016. M. Arie, A. Shoshtari, R. Tiwari, S. Dessiatoun, M. Ohadi, and J. Pearce, “Experimental characterization of heat transfer in B. Wijnen, E. Petersen, E. Hunt, and J. Pearce, “Free and open- an additively manufactured polymer heat exchanger,” Applied source automated 3-D microscope,” J. Microscopy, vol. 264, no. 2, Thermal Engineering, vol. 113, pp. 575-584, February 2017 (online pp. 238-246, November 2016 (online August 2016). November 2016). J. Laureto and J. Pearce, “Nuclear insurance subsidies cost D. Denkenberger, D. Cole, M. Abdelkhaliq, M. Griswold, A. from post-Fukushima accounting based on media sources,” Hundley, and J. Pearce, “Feeding everyone if the sun is obscured Sustainability, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1-16, December 2016. and industry is disabled,” Intl. J. Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 21, pp. 284-290, March 2017 (online January 2017). Y. Nilsiam and J. Pearce, “Open source database and website to provide free and open access to inactive U.S. patents in the public A. Haselhuhn, P. Sanders, and J. Pearce, “Hypoeutectic aluminum- domain,” Inventions, vol. 1, no. 24, pp. 1-13, November 2016. silicon alloy development for GMAW-based 3-D printing using wedge castings,” Intl. J. Metalcasting, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-14, J. Laureto, S. Dessiatoun, M. Ohadi, and J. Pearce, “Open source October 2017 (online January 2017). laser polymer welding system: Design and characterization of linear low-density polyethylene multilayer welds,” Machines, vol. S. Periasamy, V. Sasirekha, R. Venkatesan, J. Mayandi, J. Pearce, 4, no. 3, pp. 14, July 2016. J. Selj, and R. Veerabahu, “Micro-Raman scattering of nanoscale silicon in amorphous and porous silicon,” Zeitschrift für A. Laplume, G. Anzalone, and J. Pearce, “Open-source, self- Physikalische Chemie, vol. 23, no. 19, September 2017 replicating 3-D printer factory for small-business manufacturing,” (online March 2017). Intl. J. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 85, no. 1-4, pp. 633-642, July 2016. K. Dhankani and J. Pearce, “Open source laboratory sample rotator mixer and shaker,” HardwareX, vol. 1, pp. 1-12, April 2017 E. Louie and J. Pearce, “Retraining investment for U.S. transition (online October 2016). from coal to solar photovoltaic employment,” Energy Economics, vol. 57, pp. 295-302, June 2016.

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 15 12/14/17 2:50 PM C. Abinaya, M. Marikkannan, M. Manikandan, J. Mayandi, P. Suresh, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, Y. Xiang, and C. Ten, "Inclusion of SCADA cyber V. Shanmugaiah, C. Ekstrum, and J. Pearce, “Structural and optical vulnerability in power system reliability assessment considering characterization and efficacy of hydrothermal synthesized Cu and optimal resources allocation," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 31, Ag doped zinc oxide nanoplate bactericides,” Materials Chemistry no. 6, pp. 4379-4394, November 2016. and Physics, vol. 184, pp. 172-182, December 2016 (online September 2016). X. Kuai, S. Zhou, Z. Wang, E. Cheng, "Receiver design for spread- spectrum communications with a small spread in underwater A. Haselhuhn, M. Buhr, B. Wijnen, P. Sanders, and J. Pearce, clustered multipath channels," J. Acoustical Soc. America, vol. 141, “Structure-property relationships of common aluminum weld no. 3, pp. 1627-1642, March 2017. alloys utilized as feedstock for GMAW-based 3-D metal printing,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 673, pp. 511-523, Z. Wang and C. Wang, "Signal alignment for secure underwater September 2016 (online July 2016). coordinated multipoint transmissions,” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 64, no. 23, pp. 6360-6374, December 2016. N. Tanikella, B. Savonen, J. Gershenson, and J. Pearce, “Viability of distributed manufacturing of bicycle components with 3-D W. Weaver, R. Robinett, D. Wilson, R. Matthews, "Metastability of pulse power loads using the Hamiltonian surface shaping

PUBLICATIONS printing: CEN standardized polylactic acid pedal testing,” J. Humanitarian Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 8-17, 2016. method," IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 820- 828, June 2017. S. Ziaeefard, B. Page, A. Pinar, and N. Mahmoudian, "Effective turning motion control of internally actuated autonomous R. Jane, G. Parker, W. Weaver, R. Matthews, D. Rizzo, and M. Cook, underwater vehicles," J. Intelligent and Robotic Systems, https:// "Optimal power management of vehicle sourced military outposts" doi.org/10.1007/s10846-017-0544-3, April 2017. SAE Intl. J. Commercial Vehicles, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 132-143, March 2017. B. Page, S. Ziaeefard, A. Pinar, and N. Mahmoudian, "Highly maneuverable low-cost underwater glider: Design and K. Bunker and W. Weaver, "Multidimensional droop control for development," IEEE Robotic and Automation Letters, vol. 2, no. 1, wind resources in DC microgrids," IET Generation, Transmission pp. 344-349, January 2017. and Distribution, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 657-664, February 2017. S. Nuchitprasitchai, M. Roggemann, and J. Pearce, "Factors M. Cook, G. Parker, R. Robinett, and W. Weaver, "Decentralized effecting real-time optical monitoring of fused filament 3D mode-adaptive guidance and control for DC microgrid," IEEE printing," Progress in Additive Manufacturing, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 133- Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 263-271, February 2017. 149, June 2017. B. Moridian, N. Mahmoudian, W. Weaver, and R. Robinett, "Post- S. Nuchitprasitchai, M. Roggemann, and J. Pearce, "An algorithm disaster electric power recovery using autonomous vehicles," for reconstructing three dimensional images from overlapping IEEE Trans. Automation Science and Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. two dimensional intensity measurements with relaxed camera 62-72, January 2017. positioning requirements,"Intl. J. Modern Engineering Research, B. Banerjee, R. Kotecha, and W. Weaver, "Digital memory look- vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 69-81, September 2016. up based implementation of sliding mode control for DC–DC Control Engineering Practice B. Seifi,E. Semouchkina, and M. Lanagan, "Approaches to converters," , vol. 54, pp. 1-11, designing micro-solenoidal RF probes for 14 T MRI studies of September 2016. millimeter-range sized objects," Concepts in Magnetic Resonance M. Jamalabdollahi and S. Zekavat, "High resolution ToA estimation 16 Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering, vol. 46B, no. 4, pp. 178- via optimal waveform design," IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 185, October 2016. 65, no. 3, pp. 1207-1218, April 2017. N. Gandji, A. Palle, G. Semouchkin, and E. Semouchkina, "Field- M. Jamalabdollahi and S. Zekavat, "ToA ranging and layer simulation based engineering of RF antenna probes with non- thickness computation in nonhomogeneous media," IEEE Trans. uniform substrates for high-field magnetic resonance imaging Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 742-752, systems," Applied Computational Electromagnetic Society J., vol. February 2017. 31, no. 5, pp. 492-497, May 2016. A. Torabi, S. Zekavat, and K. Sarabandi, "Wideband wireless Y. Guo, C. Ten, S. Hu, and W. Weaver, "Preventative maintenance channel characterization for multi-antenna systems over a random for advanced metering infrastructure against malware rough dielectric ground," IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, propagation," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1314- vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 3103-3113, May 2016. 1328, May 2016. A. Torabi and S. Zekavat, "Near-ground channel modeling for C. Wang, C. Ten, Y. Hou, and A. Ginter, "Cyber inference system for distributed cooperative communications," IEEE Trans. Antennas substation anomalies against alter-and-hide attacks," IEEE Trans. and Propagation, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 2492-2502, June 2016. Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 896-909, March 2017. C. Ten, A. Ginter, and R. Bulbul, "Cyber-based contingency analysis," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, no. 31, vol. 4, pp. 3040-3050, July 2016.

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 16 12/14/17 2:50 PM Staff Profile: Lisa Hitch

What was the biggest change coming from industry into academia? In the business world everything was fiscal time—fiscal quarters and fiscal year end. I was also concerned with the calendar year for payroll and tax preparation. Coming into academia introduced another timing consideration: the academic year and summer semesters. More time periods and deadlines to coordinate. Also—top of the hour actually means five after. What seems to be the same? The people who I work with have always been like family to me. Now my family is just a whole lot bigger. This November you will have been in your position for 10 years. What have you enjoyed the most over that time? Getting to know so many people from all around the world: From our students to alumni, faculty, and Your title is business manager and technical friends, each one brings a chance to learn more about communications specialist. What does that entail? different cultures and locations. I have always told my own children to explore and follow their dreams. Just about anything and everything involving funds That may be why my eldest daughter became a flight and communication for the ECE Department. From attendant right out of high school and my son has been proposal preparation, payroll, financial planning, P&T to more than 30 countries so far; my youngest daughter procedures, searches and onboarding, event planning, has probably passed up my bucket list by now as well. website management, social media, alumni newsletter, and this Annual Report, to list a few. Growing up and living in the Copper Country, are there things you find unique about the area? 17 That seems like a very diverse role. What is your background? The amazing sunrises and sunsets. They never look I grew up in a family business. My father owned an the same and each location and season provides a engineering and architectural company in the area for different canvas. I’ve had the opportunity to stand at more than 30 years. I remember manually collating the edge of the Grand Canyon and though no one can design specifications all around our dining room as deny how breathtaking the view, I’ve experienced the soon as I was old enough to keep the page numbering same feeling looking out at Lake Superior from the top straight. We expanded a bit from there—more than 30 of Bare Bluff. employees in three locations—and after graduating high school, I worked for Hitch, Inc. fulltime while Is there anything else you’d like to tell us about yourself? attending Michigan Tech for business and marketing. I am extremely passionate about how we take care It was a fantastic experience to prepare me for my role of ourselves. We are what we eat, do, and think. I’m today. I learned a lot and the extra push to work hard forever learning and practicing what that is all about. and always try my best was a lifelong gift.

Staff Directory

Joan Becker ECE Graduate Program Coordinator Judy Donahue ECE Undergraduate Advisor Trever Hassell CpE Undergraduate Advisor and Instructor Lisa Hitch Business Manager and Technical Communications Specialist Michele Kamppinen Staff Assistant Chito Kendrick Managing Director, Microfabrication Facility, and Instructor Chuck Sannes Laboratory Supervisor Mark Sloat Research Associate

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 17 12/14/17 2:50 PM Graduate Student Research in Mobility Mojtaba Bahramgiri and Derek Chopp and his advisor, his advisor, Reza Zekavat, Jeremy Bos, are exploring are working to solve future the autonomy of passenger problems associated vehicles in unstructured with data overload or environments. miscommunication in The majority of research and autonomous driving development in autonomous applications. vehicles to date involves The location of a vehicle structured environments with determined by GPS can be lane markings, road signs, and used for routing or location- other predictable features. based services, but the In order for autonomous estimated location is not always accurate and cannot be vehicles to be accepted in society as a viable technology, relied upon for safe vehicle control. In the near future, they will need to handle more than just ideal conditions.

STUDENT HIGHLIGHTS there will be increasing sources of data from autonomous The Keweenaw Peninsula is the ideal location to consider vehicles and around urban centers, and different sensor autonomy in winter weather where non-ideal conditions data can be combined to estimate the location with will cause many current algorithms to fail due to incorrect greater accuracy. However, complexity and processing assumptions about the environment. Chopp and Bos time will increase significantly and this may affect hope to provide a solution for autonomy in winter weather, performance, leading to a trade-off between accuracy therefore pushing autonomous vehicles closer to being a and complexity. One way to address the complexity viable technology. issue is to use data reduction on large datasets, but this Derek is part of a multi-disciplinary team that also includes requires evaluation of the loss of information, if any, that Nate Spike (MEEM), Joe Rice (CS), and Akhil Kurup accompanies the data reduction. (ECE). Together they serve as the graduate students for Proposed autonomous driving systems rely mainly on the Michigan Tech team known as Prometheus Borealis cameras, LIDAR, and RADAR. However, environmental in the GM/SAE International AutoDrive competition. conditions impact the performance of these sensors, The competition builds foundational knowledge in and in bad weather conditions the autonomous driving autonomous passenger vehicles as well as implementation systems are not as reliable. Increasing the sources of experience. Chopp and the other graduate students 18 data addresses information gaps, and if some sensors are developing technology and serving as mentors for fail there are others to rely on. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) a large group of undergraduates in Michigan Tech’s communication enables an autonomous vehicle to use Robotic Systems Enterprise. The team is developing data from nearby vehicles to improve the control system algorithms and simulations to test on a donated Chevy performance, but to use this extra information, the Bolt, and ultimately will see how their solutions stack up location of these vehicles must be known. Thus, accurate against those of teams from seven other North American Cloud-assisted location estimation can lead to a higher universities in the competition. level of safety in autonomous driving systems with Chopp, a hobby machinist, has his own industrial mill multiple cooperating vehicles. and lathe. So far, he has designed and fabricated a desktop CNC machine, small electric vehicles, several Mehdi Jafari and his advisor, Lucia Gauchia, are working robots, and more. on battery aging and degradation estimation in electric vehicles. The battery is one of the most expensive parts of a vehicle and should be replaced after 20 percent of its capacity is lost. Jafari’s research examines battery performance under different driving behaviors, scenarios, and traffic conditions in addition to examining recharging options and vehicle-to- grid services. He is applying the probabilistic methods of Bayesian networks to the modeling and evaluation of vehicle battery health. Jafari notes that because of growing interest in transportation electrification and production of electric vehicles, it is important to conduct research on different aspects of those vehicles. One of the most important aspects is driving range, which is directly dependent on battery health.

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 18 12/14/17 2:50 PM Accelerating Our Master’s Degree

The ECE Department has a long and distinguished history graduate of the ECE Department, spent many years as an in undergraduate education, and has prepared more engineering educator in Milwaukee, and is now returning than 8,000 engineering students for meaningful careers to his roots in the Copper Country. 19 since the Department’s inception in 1928. The times are Our MS program has a strong international flavor, and we changing, however, and Michigan Tech is changing as happily welcome and support students from all over the well. Some 40 percent of the engineering students in the world. At the same time, many of our industry partners US now are graduate students. Our programs have been have openings for positions that require US citizenship. We evolving during the past few decades to respond to this meet state and national workforce needs, and the needs changing demographic and the needs of the marketplace. of many American students themselves, by convincing ECE offers Master of Science (MS) degrees in electrical them that an advanced degree would be in their own best engineering and in computer engineering. The MS interest. Therefore, one of our goals is to increase the degree provides students an opportunity to receive domestic side of our MS enrollment. advanced training and skills beyond what they learned as A few years ago the University quietly created the undergraduates; these students are able to take on more Accelerated Master of Science program to increase the technically challenging projects and become increasingly number of domestic students in our MS programs by valuable engineers for their employers or potential creating an incentive for our own undergraduates to stay employers. While it is still possible to carry out research in school for an extra year and earn that graduate degree. projects as part of the MS degree, today the most popular While the BS degree requires a minimum of 128 credits, MS degree program is the coursework option, which and the MS degree 30 credits, students in the accelerated requires 30 credits of advanced coursework beyond MS program may double-count six credits to apply toward the baccalaureate. both degrees simultaneously. This brings the total number Our MS enrollment quadrupled during the past 10 years. of credits for the combined BS/MS package down to 152—a In the fall 2015 semester we had 200 MS students enrolled very good deal for our students. in the ECE Department. Although the MS enrollment Our MS programs continue to evolve in their technical has since dropped slightly from the high in fall 2015, we emphasis as well as numbers of students. Today the continue to have large graduate courses in popular ECE Department is paying special attention to robotics, areas, including power system analysis and automotive control, automation, automotive systems and control control systems. (in cooperation with the Mechanical Engineering- In response to the growth in enrollment, ECE has created Engineering Mechanics Department), and cybersecurity the new Graduate Academic Advisor position, which is (in cooperation with the Computer Science Department). divided into 50 percent advising and 50 percent teaching Our aim is to continue providing high-quality and relevant advanced courses in areas where we needed to grow. In advanced educational opportunities that benefit both our the fall of 2016 we conducted a successful search and the students and their employers. position has been filled by John Pakkala, who is a PhD

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

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STUDENT HIGHLIGHTS

Jennifer Winikus Jennifer Sadatgoltabarestani Seyedmehdi

Amir Rezaei (Tony) Pinar Anthony Yuenyong Nilsiam Liu Yang

Lin Liu Manna La Marco PhD Graduate PhD Degrees: Summer 2016ECE Doctoral to Spring 2017 Caoyang Jiang Jamalabdollahi Mohsen Graduate Student Awards

co-advisors Tim Havens, Tim Laura Brown & Brown Laura Durdu Guney Durdu

Tim Havens Tim Havens Tim PearceJoshua

Shiyan Hu Shiyan Shiyan Hu Shiyan Dan Fuhrmann Saeid Nooshabadi Advisor Reza Zekavat Reza Teaching Assistant Outstanding Graduate Jonathan Sakineh Yazdanparast Research Assistant Outstanding Graduate Matt Mohsen Jamalabdollahi

Wolfe

Bara

Award

Award

Engineering Computer Engineering Electrical Engineering Electrical Electrical Engineering Engineering Computer Engineering Electrical Engineering Computer Electrical Electrical Engineering Engineering Major Engineering Electrical

for

for , ,

Guna Bharati Earl R. andEllanette F. LindMemorialEndowedFellowship Oliver andMary Winn EndowedFellowship Earl R. andEllanette F. LindMemorialEndowedFellowship NSF Graduate Research Fellowship William andGloria Jackson EndowedProfessorship (Fellowship) Seyedmehdi Sadatgoltabarestani Marco LaManna Mehdi Jafari Arash Hosseinzadeh Evan Gawron Ian Cummings Michael Briseño Fellowships Husam Sweidan Finishing Fellowship, Graduate School Finishing Fellowship, Graduate School Finishing Fellowship, Graduate School David HouseEndowedProfessorship (Fellowship) Prognosis of Oncology Patients in an Outpatient Setting Outpatient an in Patients Oncology of Prognosis Nonuniform Time Series Data: An Application to Survival Survival to Application An Data: Series Time Nonuniform Representation and Analysis of Multi-Modal, of Analysis and Representation Nano-Structures Exotic Optical Properties of Metal-Dielectric Metal-Dielectric of Properties Optical Exotic Vehicles Electric An Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Hybrid for Strategy Management Energy Optimal An Learning and Fuzzy Integrals Learning and Fuzzy Feature and Level Decision Fusion Using Kernel Multiple Monitoring, Slicer, and Optimization, Applications Low-Cost Open-Source GMAW-Based Metal 3-D Printing: 3-D Metal GMAW-Based Open-Source Low-Cost Systems Energy Cyber-Physical Home Smart in Cyberattacks of Detection and Analysis Optimization andConsidering Performance Security Design Automation for Carbon Nanotube Circuits Nanotube for Carbon Automation Design Hybrid MIMO Phased Array Radar Receive Signal Radar Receive Processing Array Phased MIMO Hybrid Coding Video Multiview High Performance Dissertation Title Dissertation Sensor Nodes in Non-Homogeneous Environments Non-Homogeneous in Nodes Sensor Wireless of Ranging Time-of-Arrival Resolution High MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

12/14/17 2:50 PM

Undergraduate Student Highlights

Brian Flanagan Casey Strom and his wife, Becky.

Brian Flanagan was among the winners of the 2017 Casey Strom is what we would call a non-traditional Undergraduate Research Symposium held in March at student, meaning that he comes to our program with Michigan Tech. a fair amount of life experience under his belt. Already a Michigan Tech alumnus in surveying, Strom decided A record 71 abstracts and posters were submitted this to return to Tech to earn a second degree in electrical year representing every school or college on campus. engineering with a focus in power. 21 Flanagan, a Pavlis Honors College (PHC) Fellow, was awarded second place for his research on “The Strom lives and works on a family farm in Calumet with Effects of Uncertain Labels on Damage Assessment his wife and six children, and had his own surveying in Remotely Sensed Images.” The research, business at the time of his coming into the Department. conducted with faculty advisor Tim Havens, consisted In spite of these demands on his time, he completed all of developing fuzzy classification algorithms for of his coursework in the ECE Department with near- predicting disaster damaged areas in high-resolution perfect attendance, all homework completed on time, satellite imagery using machine learning and computer and many exams close to 100 percent. vision methods. As a result of his academic achievements, Strom was The annual symposium is conducted by PHC and awarded a Systems Control Scholarship in 2015. Due to highlights the cutting-edge research conducted on his status, he was ineligible for university financial aid Michigan Tech’s campus by some of our best and other than unsubsidized student loans. When notified brightest undergraduate students, and Flanagan was of his selection Strom said, “This scholarship provides certainly one of them. capital to help fund my dream of pursuing a career in electric power engineering. This scholarship not Flanagan earned the Dean’s List distinction every year only affects me, but my entire family, and makes this of his undergraduate studies. He was the recording endeavor a possibility.” secretary of Eta Kappa Nu, the student honor society of IEEE, and studied abroad for one semester at Trinity This spring, Strom received the ECE top student College Dublin, Ireland. achievement award, the Carl S. Schjonberg Award for Outstanding Undergraduate Student in the ECE In May 2014, Flanagan was hired as an intern at Department. Chair Dan Fuhrmann presented the award CareTech Solutions and was immediately promoted to saying, “Casey represents the best of everything we try full-time employee, working until August 2015, where to do in the ECE Department and I couldn't be prouder he remotely supported healthcare professionals at to call him a Michigan Tech graduate.” multiple hospitals across the nation for CareTech’s software products. He was a member of Michigan Strom graduated, summa cum laude, in April, with the Tech’s IT Oxygen Enterprise, working on their Harman degree Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering International and Ford/Target Mobile Teams. and a Certificate in Power Engineering, and joined Systems Control as a full-time Senior Electrical Flanagan received the degree Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technician in May. Computer Engineering in April and is currently working toward an accelerated MS degree.

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 21 12/14/17 2:50 PM Senior Design SENIOR DESIGN

SD-6 Stryker team members (from left to right): Julio Rodriguez, Hailey Trossen, Elliott Meese, and advisor Trever Hassell. Not pictured are Dan 22 Bragg and Yuguang Wang. SD-6 is the 2017 winner of the Larry Kennedy Industrial Innovation Award.

Our Discover-Design-Deliver philosophy is at the core of our Senior Design program, during which students experience a project's entire design process as it unfolds in industry. Students enrolled in Senior Design work as teams on client-based engineering projects in consultation with a client representative and under the direction of a faculty advisor. Our department's Senior Design experience spans a full academic year, and by the end teams have delivered design reviews, a final report, a formal presentation, and an end product to the client.

2016-17 Senior Design Teams Project Sponsor Advisor

SD-1 / Traveling Wave Phase II American Transmission Company (ATC) John Lukowski

SD-2 / Paper Machine Simulation Boise Paper Trever Hassell

SD-3 / SCADA LTLS Coding & Control Monitoring DTE Energy Chee-Wooi Ten Upgrade Qualification

SD-4 / HMI Annunciator Replacement ITC Holdings Corporation Tony Pinar

SD-5 / dSpace Hardware in the Loop Development and Test Nexteer Automotive Tony Pinar

SD-6 / Surgical High Speed Drill Rotor Position via CAN bus Stryker Corporation Trever Hassell • 2017 Larry Kennedy Industrial Innovation Award

SD-7 / High-Voltage DAQ System Advanced Power System (APS) Lab Duane Bucheger

SD-8 / Jump Starter APS Lab Duane Bucheger

SD-9 / Design of a 2GH7 Trans-Impedance Amplifier Electro-Optics Technology Chris Middlebrook

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 22 12/14/17 2:50 PM Enterprise

Blue Marble Security Enterprise Blue Marble Security is made up of several sub-teams, each working on projects related to security. The goal of Blue Marble is to create sustainable, secure systems for our sponsors—either corporate or within the University. Though hosted in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Blue Marble team members come from a variety of other disciplines, including mechanical engineering, computer science, and business. Advisor: Glen Archer

Project Sponsor

Vision system measurement verification of slab dimensions ArcelorMittal

Alternative energy methods to more efficiently disperse products Georgia-Pacific

Mechanical actuator system Halla Mechatronics

In-suit waste management system NASA

Autobot, for 2017 Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) ECE Department at Oakland University (Advisor: Jeff Burl)

LG, creation of a second-life plan for electric and hybrid electric car batteries ECE Department

Website development for BMS ECE Department 23 RC Car, improve autonomous vehicle control and communications ECE Department

Outreach, create/host events to foster an interest in STEM among youth in ECE Department the community and spark an interest in electrical engineering

Robotic Systems Enterprise The Robotic Systems Enterprise is an innovation- driven student team that focuses on integrating knowledge in electronics, robotics, programming, and mechanical principles to solve real-world engineering problems. RSE projects come in all shapes and sizes, including a soil sample-collecting submersible robot, a power management system for weather buoys, and a counter UAV to prevent invading drones. Advisors: Glen Archer and Jeremy Bos

Project Sponsor

Buoy power management system to prolong data collection period Great Lakes Research Center

Submersible robot for lake bottom soil sample collection with onboard ECE Department power and algorithm design to keep robot in place by use of sensors

Operation and modification of the modular Husky and Jackal robot platforms ECE Department with the goal of autonomous data collection in hazardous weather conditions

Outreach, design of hardware and software to support challenging ECE Department experiences for middle school, high school, and Michigan Tech students

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 23 12/14/17 2:51 PM Enterprise

Wireless Communication Enterprise The Wireless Communication Enterprise (WCE) focuses on wireless, optical, renewable energy, user interface, and biomedical technologies. WCE functions much like an engineering company with a variety of different projects. ENTERPRISE These small teams allow members to be involved in project work and provide ample opportunity to gain technical skills, business presentation skills, and leadership experience. Advisor: Kit Cischke

WCE tied for second place at the 2017 Design Expo. During the overall competition, members Tino Moore and Libbey Held did an amazing job explaining WCE's processes, policies and structure, along with highlighting the following projects from academic year 2016-17.

Project Sponsor

Robotic Hand, artificial hand controlled wirelessly by the creation of a special glove ECE Department

Drone Dock, automatically center a drone to begin a wireless (inductive) charging sequence ECE Department EV Coach, real-time performance feedback while driving electric and hybrid electric vehicles Ford Motor Company

Drive Kitter, intelligent control systems to automatically install mounting hardware on traditional hard-disk drives and solid-state drives so that the drives can be installed in HGST a text fixture, rather than burdening a human with this repetitive task 24 Tasty Beef Tracker, an app that allows ranchers to get information about their animals Real Food Ranch while out in the field

Shuttle Display, a wirelessly triggered display to let passengers know how long it has been Transportation Services since the last shuttle has left the stop

Wireless MIDI, design of reliable wireless triggers for on-stage sound effect Visual and Performing Arts

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) The HEV Enterprise is a collaborative activity between the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics (MEEM). Members design, build, and test state-of-the-art hybrid electric vehicles. The current project vehicle is based on a 1949 Chevrolet truck. The team learns about the performance trade- offs of different types of hybrid powertrain architectures while fabricating and assembling various vehicle components and subsystems. Team members develop and use skills in leadership, project management, and vehicle calibration. This year, HEV completed the installation and integration of the engine, electric motor, transmission, clutch, and driveshaft, and developed a control system for gear shifting and a supervisory vehicle control system. Other project teams within HEV Enterprise are finishing the cooling system for the vehicle and optimizing individual components to integrate all of the components together. Sponsors: General Motors, Milwaukee Tool Advisors: John Lukowski and Robert Page (MEEM)

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 24 12/14/17 2:51 PM Undergraduate Student Awards

Sarah Wade Jenna Burns Casey Strom ECE Departmental ECE Woman of Promise/ Carl S. Schjonberg Scholar Martha Sloan Scholarship Award for Outstanding Undergraduate Student External Advisory Committee The mission of the External Advisory Committee is to serve the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in an advisory capacity, providing counsel to the department chair and the faculty from the viewpoint of industry. The aim of these activities is to improve the quality of electrical and computer engineering education at Michigan Tech and provide ECE graduates, who are valuable assets, to industry employers. David Aho Jonathan Doane David Rowe Steve S. Mathe Eaton Cooper Power Systems MIT Lincoln Laboratory Systems Control, A Division of Harris Corporation North Star Industries, Inc. Ellen M. Bauman Ben Galloway David Perry IBM Dematic Corporation William Lepak Independent Consultant ArcelorMittal Keith Behnke Brett Giem Matt Schroeder 25 Stryker Instruments Chrysler Technology Center Eric Larson General Motors 3M Corporate Research Anthony Champagne Gordon Halt Nirmal Singh Nexteer Automotive ITC Holdings Ken Leisenring Detroit Edison Ford Motor Company Rob Cooke Steve Kennell GS Engineering Retired

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 25 12/14/17 2:51 PM Contracts and Grants Engineering research and development are key to technological progress and economic revitalization, and the ECE Department at Michigan Tech is busy doing its part. Our faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates work together in modern, well-equipped laboratories to bring practical solutions to real-world problems in signal processing, wireless communications, computer-aided design, energy systems, electronic materials and devices, photonics, and much more. We are eager to tackle new challenges and always look for new opportunities that are well matched to the interest and expertise of our faculty.

ECE Contracts and Grants Awarded for FY17, July 2016 to June 2017

Title Name Sponsor Award

Enterprise: Alternative Power Sources for Georgia-Pacific Consumer

BY THE NUMBERS THE NUMBERS BY PI: Glen Archer $17,500 Product Dispensers Products LP Enterprise: Electric Assist Braking System–Phase III PI: Glen Archer Mando America Corporation $17,500

PFI: Air–TT: Blood Typing Device without Reagents: Sensing Electrodes to Replace Optics co-PI: Paul Bergstrom National Science Foundation $12,000 Imaging Theory and Mitigation in Extreme Turbulence-Induced Anisoplanatism PI: Jeremy Bos US Department of Defense $106,032 Enterprise Phase III: Development of Consumer Electric Vehicle Driving Efficiency Training System PI: Kit Cischke Ford Motor Co. $15,000 Enterprise: Smart Charging EV App Development PI: Kit Cischke Ford Motor Co. $15,000 Graduate Research Fellowship Program PI: Ian Cummings National Science $138,000 co-PI: Tim Havens Foundation ($46,000 FY17)

CAREER: Leveraging Heterogeneous Manycore National Science $523,618 Systems for Scalable Modeling Simulation and PI: Zhuo Feng Foundation ($73,618 FY17) Verification of Nanoscale Integrated Circuits CAREER: An Ecologically Inspired Approach to National Science Battery Lifetime Analysis and Testing PI: Lucia Gauchia Foundation $500,000 Senior Design: Paper Machine Simulation 26 for Training Purposes PI: Trever Hassell Boise Paper $17,500 Senior Design: Surgical High Speed Drill Rotor Position via CAN bus PI: Trever Hassell Stryker Corp. $17,500

Heterogeneous Multisensor Buried Target PI: Tim Havens US Department $95,300 Detection Using Spatiotemporal Feature Learning of Defense

CAREER: Integrated Research and Education National Science $335,790 in Physical Design Automation for PI: Shiyan Hu Foundation ($89,564 FY17) Nanotechnology and VLSI Technology Co-Design Understanding and Mitigating Triboelectric Artifacts National Science in Wearable Electronics by Synergic Approaches co-PI: Shiyan Hu Foundation $330,504 Microfabrication Facility Services PI: Chito Kendrick Various Sponsors $15,936

Senior Design: Fault Location Identification on a American Transmission Transmission Line Using Traveling Wave Theory PI: John Lukowski Company $17,500 & Protective Relaying–Phase II PARA Board Build PI: Chris Middlebrook Alion Science and Technology $24,345 Power System Protection in a Smartgrid PI: Bruce Mork Norwegian University of $319,809 Perspective–Prosmart Science and Technology ($139,333 FY17)

Packetized Energy Management: Coordinating PI: Sumit Paudyal University of Vermont $346,504 Transmission and Distribution

Senior Design: dSpace Hardware in the Loop PI: Tony Pinar Nexteer Automotive $17,250 Development and Testing–Year 3

Auris: A CubeSat to Characterize and Locate co-PI: Mike Roggemann Utah State University $55,000 Geostationary Communication Emitters Research Foundation

Wave Optics of Deep Atmospheric Turbulence: From University of $254,671 Underlying Physics Towards Predictive PI: Mike Roggemann Dayton (MURI grant) ($51,859 FY17) Modeling Mitigation and Exploring

CAREER: Online Learning-based Underwater PI: Zhaohui Wang National Science Foundation $500,000 Acoustic Communications and Networking Meta-Stability of Pulsed Load Microgrids PI: Wayne Weaver Sandia National Laboratories $76,000

Autonomous Microgrids: Theory Control PI: Wayne Weaver US Department of Defense $249,994 Flexibility and Scalability Due to disclosure restrictions, some awards may not be listed. MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

16569.indd 26 12/14/17 2:51 PM Department Statistics ECE Enrollment

Fall 2016 622 187 59

Fall 2015 576 203 74

Fall 2014 584 201 69

Fall 2013 597 186 68

Fall 2012 569 146 66

0 200 400 600 800 1000 Undergraduate Masters PhD

ECE Degrees Awarded

2016-17 143 102 10

2015-16 120 100 4

2014-15 125 44 5 27

2013-14 123 65 7

2012-13 103 53 11

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Bachelor's Master's PhD

ECE Research and Sponsored Programs Expenditures in Millions

2016-17 1.97 1.78

2015-16 2.43 1.9

2014-15 1.81 2.09

2013-14 1.91 1.78

2012-13 1.28 2.04

0 1 2 3 4 5 External Research Expenditures Internal Research Expenditures

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING | ANNUAL REPORT 2017

16569.indd 27 12/14/17 2:51 PM Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton, MI 49931-1295

A Pioneer's Story

In the early 1960s, when Pat “for serious students,” Anthony says. “One of our songs went, Anthony was in high school, her ‘We’re here for our BS, not an Mrs.’” guidance counselor tried to talk By the time she was a junior, she was a pioneer. No woman her out of studying electrical had taken the classes she was taking. “It was all new ground.” engineering. After she graduated in 1967 and entered the workplace, she “She was appalled,” Michigan continued to feel like a pioneer. Tech’s first female electrical engineering graduate recalls. “Everywhere I went, I was met with skepticism.” But her faculty When Anthony scored off the advisor told her time and again to let her work speak for her. chart on a math and science “I used that advice every day of my career.” aptitude test, the counselor It has been 50 years since Anthony earned her EE degree at re-scored the test on “the boys’ Tech. “I’d like to think things are better today,” she says. “As scale.” Anthony hit the 90th the number of female engineers grows and they become percentile there, too. successful, things improve.” She started writing to engineering schools. Several said they She is doing her best to make sure the next generation knows didn’t accept women. they can dream big. She mentored young people wherever Michigan Tech was different. “Before Thanksgiving of my her career with IBM took her. “There is nothing more senior year, I had a scholarship to Michigan Tech,” she says. satisfying than seeing a young person dream of a future and “It was clear they wanted me.” believe it is possible,” she says. Anthony wasn’t the first woman to study electrical Anthony was inducted into the ECE Academy on April 28, engineering at Tech. But the others never finished. 2017, and in recognition of her 50th anniversary, was honored during Michigan Tech's Spring Commencement. She found support from older female students in her dorm, and later in her sorority, Phi Lambda Beta. The sorority was

Michigan Technological University is an equal opportunity educational institution/equal opportunity employer, which includes providing equal opportunity for protected veterans and individuals with disabilities. 34601112017

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