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A Comparison of Grow-Out Methods for the Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians Irradians, at Two Sites in Virginia

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A Comparison of Grow-Out Methods for the Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians Irradians, at Two Sites in Virginia W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1992 A Comparison of Grow-Out Methods for the Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians, at Two Sites in Virginia Mark J. Brotman College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Brotman, Mark J., "A Comparison of Grow-Out Methods for the Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians, at Two Sites in Virginia" (1992). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617644. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-qv33-z427 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARISON OF GROW-OUT METHODS FOR THE BAY SCALLOP, Argopecten irradians irradians, AT TWO SITES IN VIRGINIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts / LIBRARY \ o f foe \ VjRkHN4A INSTITUTE j of J \MARINE SCIENCE/ by Mark J. Brotman 1992 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts hlark J. Brotman Approved, August 1992 William D. DuPaul, Ph.D. Committee Chairman/Advisor Tfptsrtt/ f. (ftiiL Norman J. JPake, Ph.D. University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Florida ^ D a v id A. Ev; TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES .............. v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT ........................................... ...........................................................................vii INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................... 7 The Gear ..................................................................................................................................8 The Sites ..................................................................................................................................9 Sampling Methodology . ....................... 9 Scallop Rearing .............. 13 Statistical Analysis ...............................................................................................................15 Costs ...................................................................................................................................16 RESULTS................................................................................................................................17 The Sites ................................................................................................................................ 18 The Gear ................................................................................................................................19 Economic Parameters............................................................................................................21 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................23 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................40 A PPEN D IC ES.......................................................................................................................44 LITERATURE CITED .........................................................................................................84 VITA ..................................................................................................................................... 94 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following individuals who not only provided logistical support but also went the extra distance with their kind words of encouragement: Aaron Adams, Betty Berry, Ryan Carnegie, Roy Drinnen, Raymond Forrest, Larry Haas, Marilyn Lewis, Lee Morgan, Judy Nowak, George Pongonis, Tim Shannon, Steve Snyder, Shawn Stickler and Susan Waters. Thanks to my committee members for their unfailing assistance throughout and to Mike Oesterling for helping me to get started. A special note of appreciation is due to Dr. Henry Aceto, whose thoughtfulness and dedication made a difference. This work was supported by the 1990-1992 Biennium Budget Addendum Requests for the 1990 General Assembly. LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1„ An oyster b a g .................................................................................................................61 2. A tray ......................................................................................................................... 62 3. A lantern net .................................................................................................................63 4. Map of the lower Chesapeake Bay, showing research sites .................................64 5. Shell length measuring board .................................................................................... 65 6. Graph of chlorophyll-a abundance at both sites ..................................................... 66 7. Graph of current speeds at both sites .........................................................................67 8. Graph of temperatures and salinities at both sites .................................................. 68 9. Graph of growth in shell height a. average gear performance by site ............................................................69 b. in oyster bags ....................... 70 c. in trays ..................................................................................................................71 d. in lantern n e ts .......................... 72 10. Graph of survivorship a. average gear performance by site .................................................................... 73 b. in oyster b a g s ....................... 74 c. in trays ..................................................................................................................75 d. in lantern n e t s ...................................................................................................... 76 11. Graph of marketable yield a. average gear performance by site .................................................................... 77 b. in oyster b a g s .......................................................................................................78 c. in trays ..................................................................................................................79 d. in lantern n e ts .......................................................................................................80 e. at the time of first harvest ................................................................................81 12. Graph of marketable yield with temperature: average gear performance by site .................... 82 13. Graph of mortality-adjusted yield average gear performance by s ite ................... 83 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Comparison of growth rates and mortalities under culture and natural conditions .................................................................................................31 2. Expected lifespan of equipment ....................... 38 A COMPARISON OF GROW-OUT METHODS FOR THE BAY SCALLOP, Argopecten irradians irradians, AT TWO SITES IN VIRGINIA ABSTRACT Bay scallops (Argopecten irradians irradians) were once native to the lower Chesapeake Bay, and constituted a valuable crop in the late 1920’s. Loss of natural habitat in the early 1930’s preceded the virtual elimination of this species from the area. It may be possible to return the bay scallop to the Eastern Shore of Virginia through mariculture, if appropriate site and gear criteria can be determined. Hatchery-reared bay scallops of mean size 24 mm (± 0.2) were placed into oyster bags, lantern nets and trays in three replicates each at Cheriton and Magothy Bay, Virginia, at a density of 700/m'2, on August 13-14, 1991. At five points during the growout period, the enclosures were monitored for survivorship and mean shell heights and volumes were estimated. The sites were compared by measuring temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a abundance and current speeds. Harvests of all scallops in the enclosures of one replicate (i.e., one tray, oyster bag and lantern net) at each site were made at 98, 121 and 186 days; shell heights measured and subsamples of size n = 50 from each enclosure evaluated for muscle and non-muscle tissue masses and degree of epibenthic fouling. The Cheriton (bayside) site was found to be more appropriate for bay scallop mariculture due to the slower currents, consistently adequate food supply and warmer temperatures. While the scallops grown in trays grew to market size about two weeks faster than the other gear types, an analysis of relative economics reveals that the oyster bags were the most cost effective. Oyster bags also proved the most reliable of the gear types tested. Overwintering affected only the lantern nets in Magothy Bay,
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