RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

NATURRESURSER YEARBOOK LAGAR 2017 KLIMATFÖRÄNDRINGAR

RESTRIKTIONER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT YEARBOOK 2017. STERF. SCANDINAVIAN TURFGRASS AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH FOUNDATION RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT AND TURFGRASS SCANDINAVIAN STERF. 2017. YEARBOOK DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH 2 STERF INTRODUCTION.

STERF YEARBOOK 2017

2017 was not a good year for planet Earth, increasingly important to reach end-users with more record-breaking temperatures with our latest findings, so that the right and more severe rainstorms, hurricanes, actions can be taken. Therefore STERF droughts and flooding than ever before. continues its focus on delivering ready- During 2017, the rate of biodiversity loss to-use results, like handbooks, factsheets accelerated and more species than ever and articles, which are available for free on came under threat. www.sterf.org .

All this has consequences for the golf and Enjoy reading this 2017 yearbook! turfgrass industry. Dollar spot is now quite common even in the Nordic countries, due to the milder climate. Many golf clubs Bruno Hedlund are being forced to rebuild their drainage STERF Chairman systems, due to frequent ‘thousand-year’ rain events. At the same time, the grass on other golf courses and sports fields is being killed by severe drought.

This calls for more research and knowledge building in order to conquer these challenges, but we are happy to report that STERF is very well positioned to take them on. Our four research programmes address many global challenges. During 2017, we started several projects to ensure that we have the knowledge we need to build and maintain sustainable golf courses and sports fields.

Since the climate and other conditions are changing very rapidly, it is becoming INTRODUCTION STERF 3

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN 2017

COLLABORATION WITH NORWEGIAN NEW PROJECTS STARTED IN 2017 AUTHORITIES ON PROJECTS EXAMINING In its call for proposals in 2016 and 2017, PESTICIDE FATE AND BIODIVERSITY STERF decided to prioritise research and STERF has a long tradition of collabora- development within four international tion with the national authorities in the thematic areas, according to the R&D Nordic countries on projects related to programmes within each area. These are: integrated pest management (IPM) and ‘Integrated pest management‘, ‘Sustainable multifunctional golf courses. Through such water management‘, ‘Winter stress manage- projects, STERF takes responsibility for ment‘, and ‘Multifunctional golf facilities’. ensuring that national polices are imple- STERF received 12 interesting and relevant mented on golf courses and by the green project proposals within the four thema- amenity sector in general. tic areas. The amount applied for from In 2017, two STERF-initiated pro- STERF was 13 100 000 SEK, the suggested jects received matching funding from the amount of matching funding was 6 700 Norwegian environmental authorities. One 000 and thus the total amount sought for of these projects, ‘Reduced risk of fungicide new projects was 19 800 000 SEK. leaching and runoff from golf courses’, was The STERF advisory committee and its co-funded by the Norwegian government’s subgroups have done a very good and Action Plan for More Sustainable use of important job in evaluating the proposals. Pesticides 2016-2020. The other, ‘From Especially important for the evaluation dense swards to biodiverse roughs’ was co- process were the sub-group coordinators, funded by the government’s Action Plan for Nilla Nilsdotter-Linde, SLU, and Asbjörn Biodiversity and Cultural Heritage. Nyholt, Nyholt Counsulting. In February Both projects are described in later and June 2017, and based on the recom- sections of this yearbook. STERF is very mendations of the advisory committee, the pleased to have good relations with public STERF board decided to prioritise seven bodies and to be instrumental in the im- projects for funding. The total amount of plementation of national and international funding agreed by STERF for four years policies. We welcome more of this type of was 7 800 000 SEK and total amount of collaborative project in the future. matching funding was 6 300 000 SEK. All new projects are presented in this yearbook. 4 STERF INTRODUCTION.

presented results from earlier and ongoing Golf course managers’ handbook projects on turfgrass winter survival and the SCANGREEN variety trials. This included full-scale trials conducted at one golf course

in each of the Nordic countries during autumn/winter 2016/2017. The selected TURF GRASS courses were Keilir GC (ISL), Roskilde WINTER STRESS GC (DK), Tapiola GC (FIN), Kungliga MANAGEMENT Drottningholm GC (SE) and Hauger GC (NO). The superintendents from these golf clubs explained how the different fertilisa- RESEARCH BASED GUIDELINES tion practices affected the winter survival of FOR NORDIC CLIMATES their greens. The need for further research regarding winter stress management was discussed in groups towards the end of the seminar. The highest priorities identified were as follows: non-pesticide control of winter diseases (6 THE NEW HANDBOOK ON WINTER STRESS SEMINAR ON TURFGRASS WINTER mance of cool-season turfgrasses used on groups), winter covers and other ice control MANAGEMENT STRESS MANAGEMENT golf greens. The seminar also covered many measures (3 groups), re-establishment stra- In ‘The Golf Course Managers’ Handbook Almost 100 participants from 10 different other aspects of winter stress management tegies after winter damage, notably on old on Turfgrass Winter Stress Management’, countries, including scientists, superinten- of turfgrasses. The invited speaker, Eric greens (2 groups), moss and algae control recently retired NIBIO scientist Agnar dents, industry representatives and consul- Watkins (USA), talked about breeding for in mild winters (2 groups) and correct use Kvalbein and his co-authors summa- tants, participated in the STERF seminar winter hardiness, plant-microbe interac- of fungicides (1 group). rise results and experiences from several ‘Winter Stress Management of Turfgrasses", tions, ice removal and seed germination at research projects. The handbook contains arranged together with Norwegian Golf Fe- low temperatures. Sigridur Dalmannsdottir, many practical recommendations, enabling deration, the Research Council of Norway originally from Iceland and now working gold course superintendents to find their and NIBIO in Oslo, 9-10 November 2017. on forage grasses in Norway, touched on own preferred solutions to local problems. The seminar focused on the main findings issues such as day length reactions and Download the handbook at: www.sterf.org and recommendations of a four-year project cold acclimation in a changing winter The recommendations have been incorpo- examining how autumn fertilisation, shade climate. Scientists from NIBIO’s Turfgrass rated into an ‘Autumn fertilisation calcula- and anoxia affect winter and spring perfor- Research Group at Apelsvoll and Landvik tor’ that also can be downloaded INTRODUCTION STERF 5

golf courses, especially in the urban lands- total, 745 golf clubs in Denmark, Finland, cape. A full report from the seminar can be Iceland, Norway and Sweden received the found at www.sterf.org survey and it was completed by 296 golf clubs. The golf federations in each coun- try were responsible for promoting and MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES ON distributing the survey and there was some NORDIC GOLF FACILITIES – A SURVEY variation in how this was carried out. As a Urban landscapes are now home to the result, the survey was completed by 47% of majority of the world’s population and it is Swedish golf clubs, 39% of Icelandic clubs, predicted that 66% of the world’s popula- 22% of Danish clubs, 11% of Norwegian tion will live in cities by 2050. Multi- clubs and 1% of Finnish clubs. A report on functional urban green areas, for example the survey can be found at www.sterf.org golf courses, have large, mostly untapped, potential to provide ecosystem services in future cities. Thus it is important that golf courses host other activities in addition to SEMINAR ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL authorities, landowners, the golf sector and the game of golf and that the land is used LANDSCAPES – NORDIC GOLF FACILITIES´ other businesses. and accessible to a diversity of actors. The POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES The aim of the seminar was to demon- aim of the survey was to investigate ongo- The seminar ‘Multifunctional Landsca- strate and discuss how multifunctional golf ing multifunctional activities on Nordic pes – Nordic Golf Facilities´ Possibilities facilities can be used to supply a number golf facilities, which is important back- and Challenges’ was organised jointly by of functions that could provide a range of ground information for future research and STERF and the Royal Swedish Academy of important services required by society. In development within this area. Agriculture and Forestry (KSLA) in Stock- addition to offering a high-quality arena for The survey was conducted by STERF holm on February 7th 2017. The seminar golf, golf facilities could also contribute e.g. during 2017 and had 25 questions (mostly had a Nordic focus, with speakers from to improving biological diversity, conser- multiple choice) divided into five sections: Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. ving natural and cultural environments and background information; collaboration More than 70 people from the Nordic providing recreation areas that are open to with various groups in society; protecting countries participated in the seminar, the public and to other outdoor activities. natural and cultural values; accessibility representing KSLA, research institutes and The seminar also covered challenges and to other groups in addition to golfers; and universities, local, national and Nordic potential conflicts related to land use for activities to improve golf club finances. In 6 STERF INTRODUCTION.

14TH INTERNATIONAL TURFGRASS promote integrated pest management, and RESEARCH CONFERENCE IN the looming challenges posed by a changing COPENHAGEN 11-16 JULY 2021 climate and the urgent need to adapt. The next International Turfgrass Research The one-day programme for practitioners Conference will be organised by STERF will fulfil the ambition of taking a lead in in Copenhagen in 2021. The conference making research results and new knowledge will include keynote speakers, oral and easy accessible to end-users and providing poster presentations, industry networking support to implement changes, which is opportunities, technical tours, social events essential for achieving improvements in and much more. New for ITRC 2021 is a sustainable management of turfgrass. one-day programme for practitioners. Copenhagen is the congress capital of Scientific topics of interest may include: Scandinavia and its vibrant cultural heart. turfgrass establishment and management; Copenhagen is also truly a green city sur- turfgrass pests (diseases, weeds, insects etc.); rounded by water and parks, with climate- turfgrass physiology; turfgrass genetics friendly citizens to match. The ambitious and breeding; soil biology, chemistry and green profile of the city has a clear goal: plant nutrition; soil physics and rootzone The City of Copenhagen aims to become construction; sustainable water manage- the world's first CO2-neutral capital by ment; ecosystem services and biodiversity; 2025. Experience it for yourself. Swim in and information technology, education and the clean waters of the city’s harbour baths, communications. stay in a sustainable hotel, eat organic and Technical tours will introduce Nordic ride an electric city bike around the old turfgrass research and development, which maritime city. is focusing on internationally important key areas. These include pressure from government for greater environmental re- gulation, the increasing pressure on natural resources (notably water, energy and land), the emerging role of turf management in supporting ecosystem services and enhan- cing biodiversity, the continued need to INTRODUCTION STERF 7

ABOUT STERF

SCANDINAVIAN TURFGRASS sustainable golf course management. AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH To achieve the vision STERF focuses on: FOUNDATION, STERF • Ensuring that Nordic turfgrass STERF is an independent research research and development focuses on foundation that supports existing and internationally important areas where future R&D efforts and delivers ‘ready-to- concerted research and industrial use’ research results that benefit the golf efforts are required. These include the and turfgrass sector. STERF was set up in pressures generated by government 2006 by the golf federations in Sweden, demands for greater environmental Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland and regulation, the increasing pressure the Nordic Greenkeepers’ Associations. on natural resources (notably water, Research funded by STERF is carried out energy and land), the emerging role at universities or research institutes (or of turf management in supporting equivalent) where most relevant research ecosystem services and enhancing capacity is concentrated. STERF helps to biodiversity, the continued need to strengthen research capacity by encouraging promote integrated pest management, and supporting networks and collaborating and the looming challenges posed by a actively with international key organisations changing climate and the urgent need in the field of turfgrass management. to adapt. STERF also arranges innovation workshops to help identify the golf and turfgrass • Establishing a successful international industry´s future research needs, where research and development researchers and industry representatives collaboration, including research contribute to the planning process. STERF facilities and expertise in all five Nordic receives funding from participating golf countries. STERF will continue to associations, which can be complemented initiate inter- disciplinary and multi- by funding from other sources. disciplinary research and support collaboration in Europe, Canada, USA STERF’s vision is to be the leading and China, involving both researchers international centre of expertise in and stakeholders interested in land 8 STERF INTRODUCTION.

• initiate inter- disciplinary and multi- • Making the turfgrass industry ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Agne Strøm, Norwegian Golf Association disciplinary research and support in the Nordic countries a role Maria Strandberg, STERF Director (Chair) Peter Fjällman, The European Institute of collaboration in Europe, Canada, USA model regarding responsibility for Peter Landschoot, Penn State University Golf Course Architects and China, involving both researchers sustainable societal development, i.e. (independent international expert) and stakeholders interested in land in producing managed turfgrass areas Annick Bertrand, Agriculture and Agri- Researchers: used for managed turfgrass areas. of a high standard while at the same Food Canada (independent international Nilla Nilsdotter-Linde (coordinator) time ensuring the sustainable use of expert) Researcher, SLU, Sweden • Developing and expanding the natural resources and contributing to Asbjörn Nyholt (coordinator for golf course Arne Tronsmo, NMBU, Norway STERF industrial scientific partner functioning ecosystems. consultants/agronomists employed by the Åslaug Helgadottir, Agricultural University programme by collaborating with Nordic golf federations and Scandinavian of Iceland leading international companies within STERF BOARD greenkeeper associations) Margareta Ihse, Stockholm University the sector to further strengthen the Bruno Hedlund, STERF, Chairman Nilla Nilsdotter-Linde (coordinator for Berit Charlotte Kaae, Copenhagen strategy that research and development Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO, vice Chairman researchers at universities/research institutes University , Denmark should be integrated from producer Staffan Tuomolin, Finnish Golf Union in the Nordic countries) Markku Niskanen, LUKE, Finland to end-user. The STERF industrial Torben Kastrup Petersen, Danish Golf scientific programme can be found on: Union ADVISORY COMMITTEE SUB-GROUP http://www.sterf.org Pål Melbye, Norwegian Golf Federation MEMBERS Edwin Roald, Golf Union of Iceland Consultants and practitioners: • Taking a lead in making research Gunnar Håkansson, Swedish Golf Asbjörn Nyholt (coordinator) results and new knowledge easily Federation Thomas Jepsen, Danish Golf Union accessible to end-users and to Jerry Knox, Cranfield University Boel Sandström, Swedish Golf Federation provide support to implement Stefan Nilsson, Swedish Greenkeeper John Riiber, Norwegian Greenkeepers changes, a prerequisite for achieving Association Association improvements in the sustainable Maria Strandberg, STERF Bjarni Hannesson, Golf Union of Iceland management of golf courses and other Jan Hellström, Finnish Golf Association turfgrass areas. STERF DIRECTOR Per Sørensen, Danish Golf Association Maria Strandberg, STERF Mikael Lagerstam, Swedish Golf Association

INTRODUCTION STERF 9

BACKGROUND

Managed turfgrass areas such as golf situation is particularly acute in peri-urban integrated into the planning, design, sustainable golf facilities of a high standard courses, sport fields, landscaped amenity areas where the majority of managed construction and management of all golf and in establishing the credibility of golf areas and public parks all provide an turfgrass facilities are concentrated. and turfgrass facilities. as an environmentally friendly sport. important social, environmental and Population growth, migration and climate Golf facilities that are already using new economic resource for both urban and change will exacerbate the current situation, The Nordic Golf Federations have knowledge are achieving cost savings rural communities. These areas serve by increasing the competition for resources approximately 900 000 members, playing through more efficient management a multifunctional purpose by offering between individual sectors, including golf on more than 900 courses that cover a strategies, while also enhancing the golf valuable open spaces for recreation, agriculture, urban development, tourism total area of more than 60 000 hectares. course, raising the profile of their golf helping to improve the health and quality and the environment. Any societal activity as significant as golf facility and improving the environment. of life for individuals and, when designed must take responsibility for building and managed appropriately, enhancing Many golf courses, sport facilities and knowledge through research and The financial resources allocated to R&D biodiversity and supporting regulatory stadiums are under pressure due to the development (R&D). There are several in each country are very limited and the targets for environmental protection. financial crisis of recent years. For example, important reasons why Nordic R&D is number of scientists actively working Conversely, where turfgrass management in many countries there has been a decrease necessary. In Central Scandinavia, Oslo, within each priority R&D area is also quite practices are inadequate or inappropriate, in the number of registered golf players. It Stockholm and Helsinki lie at the same limited compared with agricultural and their services to society are reduced and is common for golf courses to base their latitude as the southern tip of Greenland forestry research. The financial resources their impacts on the natural environment financial stability on a constant inflow of (~60oN). This provides a unique climate and efforts of these researchers should can be damaging and costly. members rather than a static membership. resulting from a combination of factors therefore be coordinated through STERF However, they are now facing the challenge such as light, temperature and precipitation to optimise R&D within the golf and The challenges for the future of turfgrass of balancing this approach against the during the playing season and particularly turfgrass sector. and golf course management are many and new concept of fewer members and new during the winter season. The Nordic diverse. They include increasing demands conditions in a more variable and more climate creates conditions for plant growth on natural resources (notably land use, competitive market. and the construction and management of water resources and energy) driven by golf courses, sport fields etc. that are not economic development and population The key for golf course and turfgrass found anywhere else in the world. growth, coupled with government demands management will be to increase resource use for greater environmental protection, efficiency, reduce maintenance costs and R&D is, and will continue to be, a which are creating conflicts at the interface minimise the environmental impact. In this necessary and strategically important between land management (including context, the protection and enhancement investment for the golf sector in achieving turfgrass) and the environment. The of ecosystem services will need to be fully economically and environmentally 10 STERF INTRODUCTION.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND R&D SUB-PROGRAMMES

STRATEGIC RESEARCH OBJECTIVES to plant nutrient requirements, water The golf and turfgrass industry, like other and energy use, drainage and control land-based industries, has to take responsi- of weeds and plant diseases. bility for sustainable societal development, • Golf courses contribute to improving i.e. it must produce golf courses and other the relationship between golf and turfgrass areas of a high standard while at ecosystems, enhance the natural and the same time ensuring the sustainable use cultural values of the landscape and of natural resources and contributing to promote biodiversity. functioning ecosystems. R&D SUB-PROGRAMMES The aim of STERF is to support R&D that It is apparent that the golf and turfgrass can help the golf industry to fulfil these industry faces a number of local and ambitions. The activities of STERF are international challenges, all of which will intended to lead to improvements in the need concerted and collective solutions, quality of golf courses, as well as economic underpinned by robust, applied science. To and environmental gains for the industry meet the challenges the sector has to face, and society as a whole. STERF has created four international and trans-disciplinary R&D sub-programmes: The strategic objectives for STERF-funded R&D activities are that: • Integrated pest management • Sustainable water management • The design, construction, management • Turfgrass winter stress management and administration of golf courses • Multifunctional use of golf facilities provide optimal conditions for playing and ecosystem services. quality, degree of utilisation of the course and management inputs. Progress in these programme areas will • The design, construction, management collectively lead to improvements in the and administration of golf courses are quality of managed turfgrass areas, as well economically and environmentally as economic and environmental gains for sustainable, for example with respect the industry. The key objectives of the pro- INTRODUCTION STERF 11

grammes are to coordinate the design and Turfgrass winter stress management Programme coordinators running of R&D activities and to manage Winter damage is the foremost reason Programme coordinators appointed by the effective dissemination of outputs (new for dead grass, reducing the aesthetic and STERF, together with the STERF board knowledge) through channels and formats functional value of turf. UN-IPCC climate and its director, are responsible for develo- which are easily accessible to end-users. scenarios predict that, due to high pre- ping STERF R&D programmes. STERF will play a key role in expanding cipitation and unstable temperature, ice Overarching duties to be fulfilled by the the programmes on international level. and water damage will become the most programme coordinators are: important cause of winter damage in the Integrated Pest Management future. This is a complex but high priority • To be a ‘champion’ or nominal lead for New regulations at national and internatio- area for STERF, as it has been estimated their programme nal level relating to the turfgrass industry that about 70% of Nordic golf courses suf- • To make sure that the programme has are becoming more demanding. A good fer from winter damage each year and that a suitable mix of activities, not only example is the EU Directive on Sustainable the associated average annual costs per golf research but also other industry-linked Use of Pesticides, which includes strategies course are €35 000-40 000. STERF will initiatives, including for example mee- for integrated pest management (IPM). take responsibility for developing strategic tings, workshops and media outputs STERF, together with the Nordic park and expertise and new knowledge to avoid and • To help share programme workload golf sector, universities, research institutions manage such damage. • To take ‘ownership’ of the activities/ and authorities, takes responsibility for initiatives that need to be developed ensuring that R&D activities important for Multifunctional use of golf facilities and over the next three years. IPM are coordinated and executed and that ecosystem services new knowledge is delivered. Multifunctional golf courses can contribute The full R&D programmes and presenta- to increased biological diversity, conserva- tion of programme coordinators can be Sustainable water management tion of na¬tural and cultural environments, found at: www.sterf.org Water is essential to secure the future of the and retention and expansion of ecosystem turf industry and the livelihoods of many services, and can help to improve people’s rural communities that depend upon it. health and quality of life by providing faci- Working with industry and leading research lities for active outdoor recreation. Through institutes, STERF’s goal is to provide STERF´s R&D programme within multi- science-based information to practitioners functional facilities, the societal benefits of and stakeholders on integrated water mana- golf can be improved and the Nordic area gement in turf. This will improve manage- can become a model region as regards mul- ment practices relating to both irrigation tifunctional golf courses and collaborations and drainage systems, help protect envi- between different interests in society. Four ronmental water quality and support the central research and development areas have industry in adapting to the effects of future been identified: (1) The everyday landscape changes in rainfall and climate variability and peri-urban nature, (2) Nature and on water resources. culture, (3) Dialogue and cooperation, and (4) Business promotion. 12 STERF INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION STERF 13

STERF’S INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC PARTNER PROGRAMME

Because STERF is working globally and • The opportunity to take part in launching international programmes, it has creating STERF´s research programme invited important companies within the through participation in the planning sector to become involved in its Industrial process Scientific Partner Programme. The aim • Participation in STERF workshops is to increase the credibility of STERF´s and seminars research and development programme, • A world-wide network of contacts with and also to increase financial support for international universities and centres programmes and projects. of research in the golf sector • A contact day on which to present The involvement of leading suppliers will and discuss the particular company´s also strengthen the important strategy strategic development issues that research and development should be • Information via the STERF newsletter integrated all the way from producer to and website end-user. • Collaboration on research projects and product development STERF and the industrial scientific • Contacts with public authorities. partners have had several discussions about creating combined R&D projects involving STERF’s partners 2017 a number of different industrial partners STERF is proud to present its current and STERF. The aim of these projects will Industrial Scientific Partners: be to identify, explain and suggest solutions • Aquatrols Europe Ltd. for complex problems relevant for the • Botanical Analysis Group sector. As an Industrial Scientific Partner to • Melspring STERF, companies have a whole range of • OGT benefits: • Syngenta • Access to the leading research and innovation centre in the turfgrass and environmental field 14 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

SCANGREEN: TURFGRASS SPECIES, VARIETIES, SEED BLENDS AND MIXTURES FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF SCANDINAVIAN PUTTING GREENS

• To investigate the effect on visual quality and uniformity in space and time of using PROJECT PERIOD: JANUARY 2015 – DECEMBER 2018 traditional and non-traditional seed mixtures and blends on putting greens • To create meeting places for discussions between plant breeders, seed companies and FUNDING (kSEK) greenkeepers in order to encourage variety awareness, integrated pest management and continued efforts on turfgrass breeding for high-latitude environments 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total STERF 481 6381 563 569 2 251 TALKS AT CONFERENCES MEETINGS, SEMINARS, FIELD DAYS, ETC IN 2017 Other sources 225 80 80 180 565 4 April: Trial at Landvik visited by Geert Grönckel, Syngenta TOTAL 706 718 643 749 2 816 7 June: Trial at Apelsvoll visited by group from Denmark

19 June: 1) Includes an extra ear-marked grant of 78 kSEK from Norwegian Golf Federation in 2016 to write Trial at Apelsvoll visited by representatives from Barenbrug seed company one popular article and give one additional talk on alternative seed mixtures and blends. 21 June: Lecture and presentation of Landvik plots to 60 participants in NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON 4 Oct.: Trial at Landvik visited by 20 students from Sandmose Greenkeeper School Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department 10 Nov.: ‘Put your bet on the winning genes’. Results from winter survival in SCANGREEN for Urban Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, trials presented at NOBIO/STERF seminar on Winter Stress Management, Gardermoen, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Phone: +47 90 52 83 78. E-mail: trygve.aamlid@ Norway. nibio.no Season: Trial at Sydsjælland visited by individual greenkeepers and students 5-6 times, and by the board of Maribo GC. CO-APPLICANTS Gudni Thorvaldsson, Agricultural University of Iceland, Iceland PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS BY 1 JANUARY 2018 Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, University of Copenhagen-IGN, Denmark Breeding and evaluation of turfgrass varieties is key to better turf quality. Since 2003, Pia Heltoft, Tatsiana Espevig, Trond Pettersen, and Jan Tangsveen, NIBIO Turfgrass STERF has been testing species and varieties under realistic green conditions, including Research Group, Norway wear from pedestrian-type machines equipped with golf spikes. Results are updated annually at www.scanturf.org and www.sterf.org. PROJECT OBJECTIVES • To clarify which varieties of Agrostis, Festuca, Poa and Lolium are best suited for SCANGREEN 2015-2018 is being conducted at NIBIO Apelsvoll, Norway (62°N) and integrated pest management of putting greens at four experimental sites representing the Korpa GC, Reykjavik, Iceland (64°N), in the northern zone and at NIBIO Landvik, Nor- two major climate zones in the Nordic countries way (58°N), and Sydsjælland GC, Denmark (56°N), in the southern zone. The trials include ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 15

25 candidate varieties and seven controls representing eight Agrostis Agrostis Festuca Festuca Poa Poa Lolium Poa different species (Table 1). Festuca sp., Lolium perenne (Lp) stolonifera capillaris rubra ssp. rubra ssp. trivialis annua perenne pratensis and Poa pratensis (Pp) are mown to 5 mm, other species to commutata litoralis 3 mm. Pesticides are never used in the trials. Unlike former test rounds, SCANGREEN 2015-2018 also includes seed DLF Independence Jorvik Humboldt Cezanne Sabrena 1 TwoPut Chardin mixtures and blends. Flagstick DLFPS- Wagner 1 Aporina Clementine AT/3026 Halfway through the project period and on average for varie- Teetop ties, Pp had the highest quality scores, due to less winter da- Barenbrug Ignite Musica mage and better disease resistance than in the other species. Barchip However, the leaves of Pp were coarse and stiff, and playing quality remains to be evaluated. The fine-leaved Poa trivialis Aureline (Pt) performed well in the north, especially when used as Skånefrø Dark Horse a nurse crop for Agrostis stolonifera (As), but did not thrive and was often a dark purple colour in the south. ‘Two Put’ Everris Memorial Heritage showed the same poor winter hardiness and susceptibility Riptide to disease as former entries of Poa annua. Evaluation of seed Germinal Borluna blends of ‘Musica’ and ‘Cezanne’ (control varieties of F. rubra ssp. commutata (Frc) and F. rubra ssp. litoralis (Frl) respecti- Mirador vely) showed the optimal ratio to be 75/25 in the north and Semilas Valderrama Winterway Rinovo 50/50 in the south. Fito Svensk Pure Within species, the most promising entries of As, better than Jordelit Distinction ‘Independence’, were ‘Pure Distinction’, ‘Luminary’, ‘Ignite’, Crystal Blue ‘Riptide’ and ‘Flagstick’ in the south and these same varieties except for ‘Pure Distinction’ in the north. The most promi- PGG CT 3030 sing entries of Agrostis capillaris (better than ‘Jorvik’) were Wrightson ‘Heritage’ and ‘DLF-PS-AT 3026’ (yet unnamed) in both Land- Luminary zones. Within fescues, none of the new entries of Frc or Frl mark outperformed ‘Musica’ and ‘Cezanne’, respectively. All Lps Weibulls Qasar had less than 10% winter survival in the north, but ‘Clemen- Horto tine’ produced significantly denser turf with 21% less height growth than ‘Chardin’ in the south. Within Pt, ‘Sabrena 1’ DSV Limousine and, to a lesser extent, ‘Qasar’ were ranked higher than ‘Dark Total 9 5 5 4 4 1 3 1 Horse’ in both zones. number Varieties in SCANGREEN 2015-18 by species and by breeding/seed company. Varieties in bold are controls 16 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

ENGINEERING BETTER IRRIGATION IN TURF: QUANTIFYING IMPACTS OF APPLICATION UNIFORMITY ON TURF QUALITY IN GOLF

• To interview greenkeepers, irrigation engineers and representatives from the Scandina- PROJECT PERIOD: OCTOBER 2014 - MAY 2018 vian golf industry in order to assess turf irrigation management practices and how these relate to system design. FUNDING (kSEK) 2014 2015 2016 Total • To develop best management practice guidelines for the Scandinavian golf industry. STERF 437 237 75 749 Other sources 0 0 281 281 TOTAL 437 237 356 1 030 TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 16 June: Poster presentation at the conference Science for a Circular Economy - How to tackle the Water, Energy, Food Nexus, Cranfield University, UK (Gomez awarded the prize PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON for best poster at the conference). Jerry Knox, Cranfield Water Science Institute, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Phone: +44 (0) 1234 758365 Email: [email protected] This project aims to quantify the links between irrigation heterogeneity (non-uniformity) and turf management and hence provide industry guidelines for greenkeepers and course CO-APPLICANTS managers to improve irrigation management and reduce environmental impacts associated Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway with golf course irrigation. This 3-year PhD research combines fieldwork in the UK, Denmark and Norway to (i) calibrate and validate a ballistics model used to simulate PROJECT OBJECTIVES sprinkler irrigation uniformity and performance, and (ii) parameterise a biophysical • To assess the environmental impacts of irrigation heterogeneity on turf quality, water model (STICS) to simulate fine turf growth and development and impacts on dry matter use and nutrient uptake. production (clippings) and nutrient leaching risks. The research is being informed by liaison • To evaluate irrigation management practices using two case study golf courses in Nor- with greenkeepers and key informants from the Scandinavian golf industry. way (Oslo GC) and Denmark (Furesø GC). • To review current irrigation practices, scheduling methods and equipment operation Golf sprinkler irrigation modelling. Successful validation and calibration of a ballistics and management through fieldwork and industry survey. model to simulate overlapped irrigation distribution patterns and non-uniformity on golf • To calibrate a ballistic model to simulate irrigation application (uniformity, adequacy, greens under varying conditions (changing wind speed and wind direction), operating efficiency) under contrasting climate and turf management scenarios. pressures and sprinkler spacings. Carlos Gómez conducted fieldwork at Furesø GC ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 17

-1 Conducting an irrigation uniformity field test Denmark in June 2017. Photo: C Gómez Spatial distribution of irrigation rates (mm h ) (left panel) and percentage of green area that received at least the scheduled irrigation rate (mm h-1) (right panel) for a sample green in Scandi- navia. (Denmark) to understand sprinkler irrigation system configuration and management practices (June 2017). The preliminary findings were presented by Carlos Gómez in a poster “Simulation of irrigation heterogeneity on golf greens using a ballistics model at the Science for a Circular Economy: How to tackle the Water, Energy, Food Nexus conference held at Cranfield University, UK, on June 2017.

Modelling turf growth and development Carlos Gómez attended a 3-day crop modelling training workshop in France (Jan 2017) on “STICS” to support model implementation for fine turf on golf courses. The STICS model has been successfully calibrated and validated, resulting in a first paper based on a systematic review of evidence on the impacts of irrigation management on turf agronomy and environment: Gómez-Armayones, C., Kvalbein, A., Aamlid, T.S., Knox, J.W. (2018) Assessing evidence on the agronomic and environmental impacts of turfgrass irrigation management. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 1-14; DOI:10.1111/jac.12265. 18 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

OPTIMAL APPLICATION OF NITROGEN AND SULPHUR IN AUTUMN FOR BETTER WINTER SURVIVAL OF PERENNIAL GRASSES – WITH EMPHASIS ON TURF

• To disseminate, confirm and illustrate the most significant findings PROJECT PERIOD: MARCH 2014 - DECEMBER 2017 TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 FUNDING (kSEK) 27 January: Plant nutrients and stress resistance, Adaptation to winter stresses, Winter 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total preparation of golf greens, Winter work and spring recovery. STERF 510 510 510 510 2 400 Other sources 779 784 861 866 2 930 A. Kvalbein, IGA, Reykjavik, Iceland TOTAL 1 289 1 294 1 371 1 376 5 330 03 March: Plant nutrients and stress resistance, Adaptation to winter stresses, Winter preparation of golf greens, Winter work and spring recovery. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON A. Kvalbein, DGU seminar, Roskilde GC, Denmark Bert Sandell, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department for 30 March: Plant nutrients and stress resistance, Adaptation to winter stresses, Winter Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, preparation of golf greens, Winter work and spring recovery. Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad. Phone +47 48024078. E-mail: [email protected] A. Kvalbein, Estonia 09 -10 Nov.: NIBIO Winter Stress Management Seminar, Gardermoen CO-APPLICANTS Securing turfgrass winter survival on golf courses: Improvements in genetics and Wendy Waalen, Trygve S Aamlid, and Tatsiana Espevig, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group management. Eric Watkins, University of Minnesota. Winter survival of turf- and forage grasses. Recent advances and future prospects. PROJECT OBJECTIVES S. Dalmannsdottir. • To measure the effect of autumn application of nitrogen and sulphur on winter survival Autumn fertilisation project 2014-2017. Experimental overview. Environmental and leakage of nitrogen from two major turfgrass species on Scandinavian golf greens. consequences of fertilisation. A. Kvalbein • To define effects of autumn application of nitrogen and sulphur on resistance of creeping Snow moulds. Optimal fertilisation with N and S. T. Espevig bent grass and annual meadow grass to Microdochium nivale, and on tolerance of these Winter challenges at Keilir GC, Iceland. B. Hannesson species to freezing temperatures and suffocation Winter challenges at Hauger GC, Norway. E. Moroney • To determine the impact of nitrogen fertilisation on the content of specific carbohydrates Winter challenges at Tapiola GC, Finland. G. O’Mahoney in the grass crown and to identify the relationship between carbohydrate content and Winter challenges at golf courses in Denmark. A. Nyholdt resistance to winter stresses. Winter challenges at golf courses in Sweden. C-J. Lönneberg ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 19

My fight against ice encasement. O.A. Kjøsnes, Byneset GC My winter covers. T. Petterson, Sala GC Put your bet on the winning grass genes. T. Aamlid Wavering turf – between growing and acclimated status. T. Espevig Light and winter survival. W. Waalen Anoxia, spring injuries and re-establishment challenges. W. Waalen Green preparation. Recommended autumn fertilisation. A. Kvalbein

PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 In 2014 and 2015, USGA greens were established with creeping bent (CB) and annual meadow grass (AMG). One was built on the lysimeter facility at Landvik. In the acclimation period, half the green at Apelsvoll was shaded to about 30% of full sunlight. In autumn, the greens were fertilised weekly at decreasing rates with liquid fertiliser. Only nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) varied among treatments. Other elements were given at rates which, according to the STERF fertiliser handbook, were adequate for the highest N rate. Total N rates Effects of autumn N-fertilisation on microdochium patch and colour in annual meadow grass September-November were 0/2.8/5.6/8.4 g/m2. The 5.6 g N/m2 rate was combined with and creeping bent. Landvik, 16 March 2015. Photos: A. Kvalbein. either excess sulphur (N:S = 1:1.6) or no S, giving six treatments in total. Grass plants were sampled twice in winter and tested in the lab for freezing tolerance, resistance to pink snow mould and suffocation.

Three rates of N were used in large-scale trials at Keilir GC (ISL), Roskilde GC (DK), Tapiola GC (FIN), Kungliga Drottningholm GC (SE) and Hauger GC (NO) in autumn 2016. Major findings: • The highest N rate significantly increased microdochium patch in AMG and CB. The low N rate resulted in less microdochium patch, better colour and better reparation capacity in spring at Landvik compared with no-N and high-N • The shaded green had significantly more disease and less freezing tolerance, but tolerance to suffocation was not affected • Freezing tolerance of AMG was not significantly affected by autumn fertilisation. In CB Based on our data, our recommendations are: there was a strong negative correlation between N rate and freezing tolerance 1. Use the same balanced mix of nutrients in autumn as in the rest of the year. • Four, 20 and 43% of the N given in autumn at a rate of 2.8, 5.6 and 8.4 g N/m2, 2. Adjust the N rate in late August to achieve normal harvest of clippings (a rate 20-30% respectively, was lost in drainage water. lower than the maximum rate in June). Rough guidelines are 7, 5 and 3 kg N/ha/week in • Sulphur generally had no effect on freezing tolerance or microdochium patch, except for AMG, CB and red fescue, respectively. Landvik where normal S gave less microdochium patch and better colour in AMG and 3. Reduce fertiliser dose every week until the turf stops growing. CB compared with no-S and high-S. 4. Reduce N rate by 10-20% if the risk of winter damage (e.g. shade, disease pressure, weak Exact autumn fertiliser guidelines are difficult because conditions vary between sites and years. turfgrass species or varieties) is high. 20 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

SUSPHOS: SUSTAINABLE PHOSPHORUS (P) FERTILISATION OF GOLF COURSES

PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL 2017 - DECEMBER 2020 • To determine the need for extra P fertiliser for turfgrass establishment or re-establish- ment on sand-based golf greens with low soil P values and at various temperatures (WP 1) FUNDING (kSEK) • To determine the effect on time of green-up and turfgrass quality of foliar or granular 2017 2018 2019 2020 TOTAL applications of increasing amounts of P at various soil temperatures in spring (WP 2) STERF 525 551 452 4581 1986 • To document effects on turfgrass quality and fertiliser costs of switching from conven- Other sources 149 149 149 145 593 tional SLAN-based fertilisation to MLSN- or PF-based fertilisation on golf courses TOTAL 674 700 601 603 2579 representing a range of climate zones, soil types and turfgrass species. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON

Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 for Urban Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, 21 June: Overview of ongoing research. T.S Aamlid, P. Heltoft & A. Falk Øgaard, NIBIO Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad. Phone: +47 90 52 83 78. E-mail: [email protected] Turfgrass Field Day.

CO-APPLICANTS PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Anne Falk Øgaard, NIBIO Division for Environment and Natural Resources Phosphorus (P) causes eutrophication of freshwater and has limited global reserves. The Tore Krogstad, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) conventional SLAN (Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients) recommendation for turfgrass Micah Woods, Asian Turfgrass Center, Bangkok, Thailand is to maintain soil P levels >54 mg P/kg (Mehlich 3). However, MLSN theory (Minimum Yajun Chen, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Level of Sustainable Nutrition) suggests a critical level of only 21 mg P/kg. MLSN usually Kim Sintorn, Swedish Golf Federation means lower P inputs than STERF’s recommendation for PF (Precision Fertilisation), by Niels Dokkuma, Netherlands Golf Federation which P is given at a constant ratio to nitrogen (N:P = 100:12), regardless of soil levels. Dean Cleaver, Federation of European Greenkeepers’ Associations Michael Bekken (Golf Environment Organization, until Aug. 2017) The background to this project is that the Golf Environment Organisation (GEO) is con- sidering including MLSN as a criterion in its OnCourse® sustainability platform. This re- PROJECT OBJECTIVES quires verification that 21 mg P/kg is adequate as a universal guideline across soil types, turf The principal objective is economic savings and lower environmental impact by reduced types and climates. For the Nordic countries, it is especially important to clarify whether and more targeted fertilisation with phosphorus (P) according to soil analyses. low soil temperature or turfgrass re-establishment after winter damage require higher P Subgoals: inputs than turfgrass maintenance at higher temperature. ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 21

Establishing creeping bentgrass in cylinders receiving various amounts of phosphorus. Cylinders 6 weeks after seeding creeping bentgrass in WP1. N/P ratio was: 100/0 (left), 100/6 (middle) Photo: Trygve S. Aamlid. and 100/12 (right). Photo: Anne Falk Øgaard.

The project has three workpackages (WPs). In WP1, turfgrass coverage, clipping yields, root In WP 3, field trials comparing zero P vs. P inputs according to the SLAN, MLSN and development and P uptake are being studied over a 5-week period after sowing creeping PF models were established in May/June 2017 on putting greens with initially low soil P bentgrass in 40 cm deep cylinders filled with USGA-spec. sand (12 mg P/kg) at 7, 12 and levels (6-35 mg P/kg) and a turf cover of annual meadow grass at Falkenberg GC, Sweden, 17 °C in daylight phytotrone chambers in spring 2017 and 2018. Results from 2017 sho- red fescue at Princenbosch GC, Netherlands, and creeping bentgrass at Jingshan Lake GC, wed a strong increase in turfgrass grow-in rate as P relative to N increased from 0 to 12 %, China, and NIBIO Landvik, Norway. These trials will be followed over a four-year period to but no significant response to higher P rate, irrespective of temperature. monitor possible effects of P on turfgrass quality.

In WP2, the influence of P on spring green-up of established creeping bentgrass taken from a green (44 mg P/kg soil) is being studied in the same phytotrone chambers as in WP1. This WP is also comparing the same total amount of P given as granular superphosphate at the start of the trial or as weekly foliar applications of phosphoric acid. Results to date show no significant effect of P amount or application method on turfgrass green-up. 22 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION, FERTILISER TYPE AND SOIL AMENDMENT ON TURF QUALITY AND ORGANIC MATTER ACCUMULATION/THATCH CONTROL ON CREEPING BENTGRASS GREENS

PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 PROJECT PERIOD: MAY 2016 - MARCH 2018 This project is comparing Melspring’s sand/soil improvers Matrix and Stor-it (containing natural zeolite) and Matrix (also containing seaweed) with an unamended control. In 2016, FUNDING (kSEK) Matrix or Stor-it was mixed at 10% (v/v) into the top 5 cm of a USGA-spec. green with 2016 2017 Total STERF 0 0 0 initial organic matter content 0.8% under a mobile rainout shelter at NIBIO Landvik. The Other sources 257 333 590 green was sown with creeping bentgrass on 9 June 2016. Applications of Matrix and Stor-it TOTAL 257 333 590 continued as part of topdressing.

Once grow-in was completed on 5 August 2016, two more experimental factors were added: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON 1) During four weeks in 2016 and eight weeks in 2017, the rainout shelter was activated Bert Sandell, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban Green- and main plots either irrigated to field capacity (FC) once a week or excess-irrigated twice a ing and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, week with 50% more water than needed to replenish FC; and 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: +47 48024078. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Marathon controlled-release fertiliser applied every 4 weeks was compared with Wallco CO-APPLICANTS liquid mineral fertiliser applied every 2 weeks. Total N rate during the maintenance period Trygve S. Aamlid and Trond O. Pettersen, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway was 10 and 18 g N/m2 in 2016 and 2017, resp.. Due to its seaweed content, Matrix added a further 33 g N/m2 before sowing, and 2.3 and 4.1 g N/m2 in topdressing in 2017 and PROJECT OBJECTIVE 2018, resp. This extra N was not compensated for on unamended or Stor-it plots. To evaluate the effect of Melspring’s soil conditioners Matrix and Stor-it and Melspring’s controlled-release fertiliser Marathon on turfgrass grow-in, visual quality, playing quality, soil Major findings from 2017 are: water content, leaf nitrogen concentration, root development and thatch accumulation, on a • Matrix increased soil water-holding capacity (SWC) at both 0-38 mm and 0-200 creeping bentgrass putting green under excessive irrigation to field capacity. mm. Stor-it decreased SWC at 0-38 mm, but gave the same SWC at 0-200 mm as the control TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 • Matrix resulted in more Microdochium nivale and thus reduced turfgrass quality in 21 JUNE: Project presented at NIBIO turfgrass field day, T.S. Aamlid. spring, but recovery from M. nivale was fast, resulting in better quality during and after 30 NOV.: Preliminary results presented in Amsterdam, T.S. Aamlid and B. Sandell. the irrigation period in summer/autumn ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 23

Plots amended with Matrix had more Microdochium nivale shortly after snowmelt on 17 March 2017. Photo: Trygve S. Aamlid.

• Stor-it resulted in lower turf quality than the control throughout the year. It seems to be more effective in wet conditions. • Both Matrix and Stor-it gave shorter roots but harder playing surfaces than the control. • Marathon gave equal/ better turf colour than Wallco from spring to the first part of the shelter period in June. Wallco produced better turf quality than Marathon during the latter part of the shelter period in July and the two following months. However, despite more the annual N being given in autumn in the Wallco than the Marathon treatment, turfgrass colour was better with Marathon than with Wallco by late October. This may be an effect of higher mineralisation of organic matter. Measuring soil water content at 0-20 cm depth on 19 June. Photo: Trygve S. Aamlid. • Study commissioned by Melspring BV, STERF industrial partner. Final report will be made when chemical analyses are completed (Feb. 2018). 24 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

EFFECT OF FERTILISER TYPE, SILICON AND COPPER ON TURF QUALITY AND MICRODOCHIUM INFECTION ON A POA ANNUA PUTTING GREEN

PROJECT PERIOD: MAY 2016 - JUNE 2018 PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 A two-factor experiment on a USGA-spec. annual bluegrass golf green at Landvik research FUNDING (kSEK) station (NIBIO) was run from August 2016. 2016 2017 2018 Total STERF 0 0 0 0 Factor 1 consisted of two fertiliser regimes: traditional Wallco liquid mineral fertiliser at Other sources 95 96.4 47.5 238.9 TOTAL 95 96,4 47.5 238.9 2-wk intervals vs. long-lasting Marathon fertilizer at 4-wk intervals. The regimes started on 15 August 2016 and 7 April 2017 and lasted to October 2016 and mid-November 2017, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON respectively. Total N amounted to 207 and 286 kg ha-1 yr-1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Tatsiana Espevig, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dep. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Factor 2 consisted of four treatments: i) negative control (no treatment), ii) positive control Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: +47 406 23 778. (fungicide treatment), iii) micronutrient mixtures (Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu) and iv) E-mail: [email protected] combination of (ii) and (iii). The fungicide was applied each time microdochium patch exceeded 2%, totalling 3 times by 10 January 2017 (4 Oct. 2016, 21 Nov. 2016, 4 Jan. CO-APPLICANTS 2017) and 2 times by 4 Jan. 2018 (12 Oct. 2017, 6 Dec. 2017). Diseases, overall impres- Trygve S. Aamlid and Trond O. Pettersen, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway sion, density and colour were evaluated throughout the growing season at 4-wk intervals prior to Marathon application. Microdochium patch first appeared in late August 2016 and PROJECT OBJECTIVES in mid-September 2017, and the disease was monitored also throughout the winter 2016- To determine the effect of the patented long-lasting organic mineral fertiliser Marathon and 17 and 2017-18 as weather conditions allowed. By 6 April 2017, microdochium patch the micronutrient mixtures Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu on microdochium patch and turf amounted to 2% on the plots treated with fungicides and to 27% on unsprayed plots, with quality on an annual meadowgrass golf green. no differences between fertiliser regimes or Melgreen products. On average for monthly recordings in September-November 2017, microdochium patch amounted to 1.7% and TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 2.5% on Marathon and Wallco plots, respectively. On average for observations from August 21 JUNE: Evaluation of Marathon fertiliser, Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu on turf quality to October, Marathon plots had better colour than Wallco plots (6.7 vs 6.0 in 2016; 7.2 vs and microdochium patch on a Poa annua putting green. T. Espevig, NIBIO Turfgrass Field 6.3 in 2017, scale 1-9, 9=best), but there were no differences in overall impression between Day, Landvik, Norway. Marathon and Wallco (4.8 and 4.7, respectively) (Figure 1). No differences in density were 30 NOV.: STERF/NIBIO project for Melspring 2016-2017 II: Effect of fertiliser type, seen in 2016, but Wallco plots were somewhat denser than Marathon plots in 2017 (6.8 silicon and copper on turf quality and diseases on Poa annua putting greens. T. Espevig and vs. 6.1, scale 1-9, 9=densest). This was most likely due to 23% higher N amount on Wallco T.S. Aamlid, Skype meeting with Melspring Plant Care. plots than on Marathon plots during spring and early summer.

ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 25

Figure 1. Better colour on Marathon plots than on Wallco plots on 31 October 2017, one week after Marathon and Wallco were applied. Photo: Tatsiana Espevig. 26 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

TESTING THE EFFECT OF ALGAEGREEN® ON WINTER STRESS TOLERANCE

PROJECT PERIOD: JUNE 2016 - MAY 2018 PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Seaweed or algae products have become a tool for turfgrass manager as biostimulants. One FUNDING (kSEK) such product is AlgeaGreen® from the Irish company OGT. According to the label, this 2016 2017 2018 Total biostimulant is extracted from pure Ascophyllum nodosum at low temperature. STERF 0 0 0 0 Other sources 100 200 100 400 Plots of creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera), red fescue (Festuca rubra), perennial ryegrass (Lo- TOTAL 100 200 100 400 lium perenne) and annual meadow grass (Poa annua) were established on a USGA green in June 2016. AlgeaGreen® was applied biweekly at a rate of 15 L/ha from mid-August to late PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON October 2016 and 2017. Turfgrass quality was assessed regularly in autumn 2016, spring Bert Sandell, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban 2017 and autumn 2017 and assessments will continue in spring 2018. Plant samples for Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddals- determination of freezing tolerance (LT lethal temperature for 50% of plants) were taken veien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: +47 48024780. E-mail: [email protected] 50 in December 2016 and 2017.

CO-APPLICANTS Results from winter 2016-17 showed a significant effect of AlgeaGreen® on freezing tole- Trygve S. Aamlid, Tatsiana Espevig and Trond Pettersen, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, rance. The mean LT50 value was 1.1°C lower for grass treated with AlgeaGreen® than for the Norway untreated control. There were no significant differences in the field regarding disease, visual performance or chlorophyll index (green colour). PROJECT OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of the seaweed product AlgeaGreen® on winter stress tolerance of four Results from field observations from August to November 2017 and freezing tests in turfgrass species maintained on a golf course putting green. December 2017 have not yet been subjected to statistical analyses.

TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 21 JUNE: Presentation at NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day, A. Kvalbein. ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 27

Recording surviving plants after freezing test. Photo: B. Sandell. 28 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

DANDELION MANAGEMENT AT VÄRPINGE GOLF COURSE

PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL 2014 - FEBRUARY 2018 PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 At Värpinge GC, dandelions (Taraxacum sp.) affect playing quality. Since 2010, special FUNDING (kSEK) vertical cutting equipment has been tested. 2014 2016 2017 TOTAL STERF 75 50 14 139 There has been no clear effect of superficial verticutting (of leaves) on dandelion occurrence, Other sources 21 6 0 27 TOTAL 96 56 14 166 overall and at each treatment time. However, there seems to be a tendency for less weeds in general in 2014, compared with 2010 and 2011. The variation within season, between seasons and between the two fairways is pronounced, although the degree of cover of PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON dandelions is generally low, often below 5%. Verticutting of dandelions may thus be a way Håkan Rasmusson, Värpinge golf course, Rinnebäcks gård, 227 63 Lund, Sweden to manage this weed in order to create a better playing surface. Phone: +46 705 189130, E-mail: [email protected] In 2017, work was performed on the report and a field day was held in spring. At the field CO-APPLICANTS day, the project was presented together with other multifunctional initiatives at Värpinge Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, University of Copenhagen GC. The following themes were presented and discussed: Roland Andersson, Toro, Sweden Peter Edman, Swedish Golf Federation 1. Weed control of dandelion with a special vertical cutter. Weed control was discussed on-site in the trials and weed control equipment (Toro) was demonstrated. 2. Grazing with sheep of the entire course; what it does and how it is achieved in practice. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 3. Organic vegetable cultivation in CSA format on golf course roughs. This is a social • To obtain knowledge regarding dandelion occurrence and dandelion morphology/ project in collaboration with Lund municipality. appearance over the growing season and examine whether these are affected by a 4. Crane track - free architectural golf course for children up to 12 years. A totally unique vertical cutting regime. course with reversible playing direction devised by the course architect. • To obtain some indications of how dandelions appear over the entire growing season under a frequent mowing/grazing regime. • To evaluate the effect of the superficial verticutting on playing quality.

TALKS AT CONFERENCES MEETINGS, SEMINARS, FIELD DAYS, ETC IN 2017 29 May: Field day at Värpinge GC. ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 29

Field day at Värpinge GC. Photo: Anne Mette Dahl Jensen 30 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF BENTGRASS CULTIVARS (AGROSTIS SP.) FOR GENETIC AND INDUCED RESISTANCE TO MICRODOCHIUM PATCH AND PINK SNOW MOULD CAUSED BY MICRODOCHIUM NIVALE

PROJECT PERIOD: JUNE 2014 - APRIL 2018 Subgoals (each corresponding to a subproject (SP): • To screen in vitro top-selling cultivars of Agrostis sp. for resistance to M. nivale, with and FUNDING (kSEK) without cold hardening and with and without application of Civitas One mineral oil, and 2014 2015 2016 2017 TOTAL to identify genotypes that are either resistant or show increased responsiveness to the defence STERF 323 492 441 408 1 663 activator Other sources 110 183 183 110 586 • To validate level of resistance and responsiveness to Civitas One in the most promising culti- TOTAL 433 675 623 518 2 249 vars (from subgoal 1) in field trials in contrasting climates in Canada and at NIBIO Landvik Total funding from Canadian sources: CDN$ 148,000/yr for three years from Jan 1 2015 to and Apelsvoll, Norway. Dec 31 2017. • To determine the effect of Civitas One on microdochium patch occurring during the gro- wing season or under snow cover in registration trials on golf courses in the Nordic countries.

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Department for Urban 7 JUNE: Trial at Apelsvoll visited by group of Danish farmers Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 21 JUNE: Lecture for 60 participants at NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: +47 90 52 83 78. E-mail: [email protected] 4 OCT.: Trial at Landvik visited by 20 students from Sandmose Greenkeeper School

CO-APPLICANTS PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Tatsiana Espevig, Pia Heltoft and Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO Turfgrass Research group Microdochium nivale is a serious pathogen on Nordic golf courses. Resistance to M. nivale Klaus Paaske, Århus University, Denmark can be present irrespective of environmental conditions, or it may require induction by de- Oiva Niemelãinen, Pentti Ruttunnen and Auli Kedonparä, Luke, Finland fence activators. Canadian results suggest that Civitas One (CiO), a mixture of isoparaffins Tom Hsiang, University of Guelph and a copper-containing pigment, induces resistance to M. nivale. Annick Bertrand, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada This project had three workpackages (WPs). In WP1 we screened 36 bentgrass cultivars, PROJECT OBJECTIVES with and without CiO, for resistance to M. nivale in glass vials (Photo 1). The trial was Overall objective: To reduce the dependence on fungicides in controlling diseases caused by performed three times in growth chambers. Differences in response to CiO were not signi- Microdochium nivale on golf courses in Scandinavia and Canada. ficant between colonial and velvet bentgrass cultivars. In creeping bentgrass, CiO induced ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 31

Photo 1 (Top). Screening bentgrass varieties for resistance to Microdochium nivale, with and Photo 3. Registration trial with Civitas One at Hillside GC, Finland, 20 April 2017. without Civitas One. Photo: Anne A. Steensohn. Photo: Oiva Niemeläinen. Photo 2. Civitas One trial at Apelsvoll, 3 April 2017. The pigment was rather persistent and impeded natural green-up. Photo: Pia Heltoft. resistance in Penn A4, Tiger Shark, T1 and Penn G6, but had no or negative effects in Finland from 2014 to 2017. In the Danish trials, which had practically no snow, CiO con- Independence, CY2, Alpha, Runner and Declaration. trolled M. nivale to the same level as conventional fungicides and significantly better than potassium phosphite. One of the Finnish trials confirmed that high rates of CiO in In WP2, the genetic component was investigated further in field trials at Landvik and autumn could thin out the turf in spring, but the problem was overcome within a few Apelsvoll, Norway, from 2015 to 2017. Bentgrass cultivars were compared on unsprayed weeks. Besides controlling M. nivale, an interesting feature of CO in these trials was its control plots, plots receiving CiO and plots receiving conventional fungicides. CiO was ability to act as a sun shield, thus reducing the need for turfgrass to produce anthocyan equally or more efficient than fungicides in controlling M. nivale at both sites. The dif- pigments (and possibly anti-oxidants) after snowmelt (Photo 3). ferential response in WP1 was partly confirmed at Landvik, where CiO caused a stronger reduction in M. nivale in Tyee, T1 and Penncross than in Declaration, Focus, Independence In summary, this project shows good prospects for CiO to become a viable alternative to and 007. On the negative side, the waxy layer after repeated applications of CiO in autumn conventional fungicides for control of M. nivale on Nordic golf courses. The legal rights to impaired natural green-up at Apelsvoll in spring 2017 (Photo 2). CiO in Europe belong to Intelligo (http://www.intelligro.com) and work has started on get- ting the product to market. In WP3, the effect of CiO was tested in five trials on golf courses in Denmark, Sweden and 32 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

FAIRY RINGS AND THATCH COLLAPSE

PROJECT PERIOD: NOVEMBER 2016 - NOVEMBER 2017 PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Fairy rings have long been seen as a cosmetic problem on golf courses, but in the past FUNDING (kSEK) two years they have been reducing playing quality and killing grass on golf greens. The 2017 2018 Total fungi causing fairy rings are not plant pathogens, since they do not permeate the plants. STERF 0 0 0 Increasing problems with fairy rings have been attributed to increased use of microbiological Other sources 70 8 78 products, where these fungi were probably introduced. TOTAL 70 8 78

Experiments were conducted in summer 2017 on golf greens with creeping bentgrass at PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON NIBIO Landvik, Bjaavann GC (Kristiansand) and Gamle Fredrikstad GC, to evaluate effects of a biostimulant and the wetting agent Revolution (produced by Aquatrols) on Tatsiana Espevig, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dep. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, fairy rings. At Landvik, the fungicide Amistar (azoxystrobin) was used in tank mixture with Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: +47 406 23 778. Revolution in a treatment applied only once, on 15 June. On the golf courses, Revolution E-mail: [email protected] was applied without fungicide monthly from July to September (3 times); on Bjaavann GC, Revolution was also applied regularly in addition to the treatment. The biostimulant was applied monthly from June at Landvik (4 times) and from July to September on the golf CO-APPLICANTS courses (3 times). Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, before 1 September 2017 Bert Sandell (NIBIO), NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, after 1 September 2017 At Landvik, fairy rings were caused most likely by Bovista plumbea (Type 2 in June and Type 1 in August). There were generally no differences in soil moisture to 7.5 cm depth PROJECT OBJECTIVES between treatments except for 2.7% higher soil moisture outside fairy rings compared with • To identify problems on two Norwegian golf courses and test measures such as inside. Since the fairy rings grew beyond the experimental plots already in July, it was not fertiliser, hand spiking and application of wetting agents. possible to record their size and thus evaluate treatment effects. Overall impression and • To write a short article providing insights into these problems based on practical tests colour were generally better on control plots and plots treated with Amistar/Revolution and reports from other countries (mostly United States). than on plots treated with the biostimulant, but the differences were not significant. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 At Bjaavann GK, the fungal species causing fairy rings was not identified, since no fruiting 21 June: Fairy rings. Trial presentation. NIBIO Turfgrass Field day, Landvik, Norway. bodies were found. The fairy rings were of Type 2 in June-August and Type 3 (not visible) ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 33

Above: Fruiting bodies of mushrooms (most likely Bovista sp.) causing fairy rings in the experi- ment at Landvik, 28 August 2017. Photo: Tatsiana Espevig. Below. Terje Haugen applies a biostimulant in the fairy ring trial at Bjaavann GC, 3 August 2017. Photo: Tatsiana Espevig.

early in the spring. The reduction in the size of the rings from August to September was faster on control plots and biostimulant plots than Revolution plots. On 8 August, soil moisture to 12 cm depth was 3% higher outside than inside the fairy rings on control plots, while there was no difference in soil moisture on plots treated with Revolution or the biostimulant.

The problems at Gamle Fredrikstad GK were defined as superficial fairy rings. According S to Agne Strøm, there were no differences between treatments (the same treatments as at Bjaavann GC). 34 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF DOLLAR SPOT CAUSED BY SCLEROTINIA HOMOEOCARPA ON SCANDINAVIAN GOLF COURSES

PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL 2017 - OCTOBER 2020 • To screen the most widely used turfgrass species and cultivars for in vitro resistance to the Scandinavian isolates of S. homoeocarpa (WP3) FUNDING (kSEK) 2017 2018 2019 2020 TOTAL TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 STERF 365 490 382 135 1372 21 June: Status of dollar spot disease in Scandinavia. T. Espevig, NIBIO Turfgrass Field Other sources 334 364 54 25 777 Day, Landvik TOTAL 699 854 436 160 2149 20 July: First report of dollar spot disease, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, in Agrostis

stolonifera in Sweden. Poster presentation, T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, M. Usoltseva, Å. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Dahl, A. Kvalbein, K. Normann, and J.A. Crouch. International Turfgrass Society Research Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Conference. New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, 04 Oct.: Problem och utmaningar i 2018. M. Usoltseva, ERFA träff SGA. Tjörn GC. Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: +47 406 23 778. 04 Oct.: Soppsykdommer på golfgress. Besøk fra Sandmoseskolen, AMU Nordjylland, E-mail: [email protected] Denmark. Landvik 14-15 Nov.: Dollar spot. K. Normann, DGA week. CO-APPLICANTS Karin Normann, Asbjørn Nyholt ApS, Denmark PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Mariana Usoltseva and Åslög Dahl, Botanisk Analysgrupp /Göteberg Universitet, Sweden Dollar spot was officially documented in Scandinavia in 2013 (Espevig et al., 2014. Plant Jo Anne Crouch, Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Lab, Department of Agriculture, USA Dis.) and the disease exists on more than 20 Nordic golf courses. The damage from dollar Kate Entwistle, The Turf Disease Centre, UK spot in Scandinavia varies and can be up to 70-80% dead turf on greens and fairways. Even Roskilde GC and Helsingør GC, Denmark, Vallda GC and Kävlinge GC, Sweden, when the disease pressure is low, recovery from dollar spot is very slow and the damage leads Drammen GC, Norway to indents on the green surface and to significant lowering of playing quality. This project is seeking to reduce the spread of dollar spot in the Nordic countries and to provide the golf PROJECT OBJECTIVES sector and greenkeepers with non-chemical measures for control of this disease. The project • To find the most efficient frequency for rolling and nitrogen rate in dollar spot control consists of three workpackages (WP): on golf greens (WP1) • To determine the cardinal temperatures for growth of Scandinavian isolates of WP1. Effects of rolling, nitrogen (N) or rolling in combination with N are being evaluated S. homoeocarpa and to assess risk of the pathogen spreading in Scandinavia (WP2) on five Scandinavian golf courses. On average for August-September 2017, rolling 2 times ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 35

Figure 1. Stefan Nillson (Vallda GC), Marina Usoltseva and Helena Lööf-Andersson (Botanisk Analysgrupp) recording dollar spot disease on a green after rolling treatments on 12 September 2017. Photo: Elisabeth Gondel.

(R2) and 4 times (R4) per week, starting in June, reduced dollar spot by 61% and 95%, respectively, on a red fescue green in Vallda GC (Fig. 1), compared with no rolling (R0) (79 individual infection centres per 1 m2 on R0 plots) (Fig. 2). On a green with red fescue and colonial bentgrass as dominant species on Roskilde GC, R2 and R4 starting in June reduced dollar spot by 37% and 54%, respectively, compared with R0 (19% disease on average for September and October on R0 plots) (Fig. 3). No reduction in dollar spot diseases was found on red fescue greens from a 20% increase in N in July-August from 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 at -1 -1 Figure 2. Rolling 4 and 2 times per week starting in June reduced dollar spot compared with Helsingør GC and from 22 kg ha yr at Kävlinge GC. No effects of rolling or interactions no rolling on a green at Vallda GC with red fescue as the dominant species, 7 September 2017. between rolling and N were observed at Helsingør GC. At Drammen GK, no dollar spot Photo: Stefan Nilsson. disease was observed in summer-autumn 2017.

WP2. Genetic analysis (ITS region of DNA) of local isolates of S. homoeocarpa (SH) from an earlier STERF project on dollar spot revealed that Scandinavian isolates belong to two genetic groups: the first is identical to that in the eastern and midwestern US, while the second is distinct. In an in vitro study in autumn 2017, all local SH isolates had 24°C as the optimal temperature for growth (OGT), while the abovementioned US isolates had both 16°C and 24°C as OGT. After 3 weeks at 0°C, growth of local isolates and British isolates was reduced by 7-36% and 23-38%, respectively, with no reduction in American and a Norwegian isolate. Figure 3. Rolling 4 and 2 times per week starting in June reduced dollar spot compared with no rolling on a green at Roskilde GC with red fescue and colonial bentgrass as dominant species, 14 WP3. Turfgrass resistance to different isolates of S. homoeocarpa will be evaluated in 2018. September 2017. Photo: Karin Normann. 36 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

RISKS OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND LEACHING OF FUNGICIDES FROM GOLF GREENS VARYING IN ROOTZONE COMPOSITION AND AMOUNT OF THATCH

• To provide data for modelling leaching and runoff of fungicides from golf greens PROJECT PERIOD: MAY 2016 - DECEMBER 2018 • To publish the results in ‘Journal of Environmental Technology’ or a similar peer-reviewed journal and to disseminate the findings to the environmental authorities and the golf FUNDING (kSEK) 2016 2017 2018 TOTAL industry in the Nordic countries and Germany. STERF 303 294 161 758 Other sources 518 422 260 1200 TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 TOTAL 821 716 421 1958 21 June: Preliminary results from project ‘Fungicide leaching and surface runoff from golf greens’. M. Almvik and T.S. Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day, Landvik. 31 Aug.: International Conference on Pesticide Behaviour in Soils, Water and Air, York, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON UK, M. Almvik and T.S. Aamlid Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Department for Urban 12 Oct.: Project Update. M. Almvik and T.S. Aamlid, Reference group meeting (Skype). Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 27 Oct.: Greenkeeperverband Deutschland, Jahrestagung Potsdam, T.S. Aamlid. 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: +47 90 52 83 78. E-mail: [email protected] PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 CO-APPLICANTS STERF projects 10-15 years ago studied leaching from sand-based putting greens of azox- Marit Almvik, NIBIO Department for Pesticides and Natural Products Chemistry. ystrobin, propiconazole and some fungicides that are no longer permitted on Nordic golf Agnar Kvalbein, Trond Pettersen and Tatsiana Espevig NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group courses. In this new project, we focus not only on leaching, but also on surface runoff of five commonly used fungicides and their metabolites after preventative applications against PROJECT OBJECTIVES snow mould in late autumn. Besides STERF, the project is funded by the Norwegian Action Main objective To minimise fungicide losses from golf courses. Plan for Sustainable Use of Pesticides and by the German Greenkeepers’ Association. Subgoals: • To determine sorption coefficients and thus the risk of leaching of prothioconazole, The project will run from 1 May 2016 to 1 December 2018 at NIBIO Landvik, Norway. trifloxystrobin, fludioxonil, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and their metabolites The plots have 5% slope and a turf cover of creeping bentgrass. The trial has four blocks and • To determine the effect of organic matter type (peat or compost) and turf age/thatch two factors, each with two levels: accumulation on the risk of leaching and surface runoff of these fungicides and their metabolites ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 37

Factor 1: Organic amendment to the Factor 2: Turf age / thatch thickness sand-based (USGA) rootzone: 1.Sphagnum peat, loss on ignition 1.1 %, pH 5.5 A. Green sown in May 2016 2.Garden compost, loss on ignition 1.0 %, pH 6.5 B. Green established in May 2016 using sand-based sod, thatch layer 20 mm

Delaro (prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin) and Signum (boscadlid + pyraclostrobin) are sprayed in late October and Medallion (fludioxonil) in early November. Each application is followed by collection of leachate and runoff until late March.

During the mild winter 2016-17, the mostly unfrozen green had very high infiltration rates: 91% of rainfall from 25 October to 20 March was collected as drainage water and only 3% as surface runoff. Fungicide detections in drainage water were very low, but in runoff water from the soil surface, the environmental safety limits for trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil and the metabolite prothioconazole-desthio were exceeded in water collected 3-4 weeks after application. These findings shows the importance of complying with the minimum distances to open water when spraying fungicides before winter.

The sorption studies showed that the fungicides sorbed strongly to the sodded thatch layer, as expected from the high content of organic carbon in the thatch. Nevertheless, the surface runoff of fungicides was higher from sodded than from sown plots. This could be an effect of water repellency of the thatch layer and/or runoff of soilbound fungicides (erosion). Our results suggest that the risk of surface water contamination will increase as greens become older and accumulate more thatch. Tubes filled with methylene-blue used to indicate frost at different soil depths. Photo: Trond Pettersen. 38 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

SUCCESSFUL REESTABLISHMENT OF GOLF GREENS FOLLOWING WINTER DAMAGES

PROJECT PERIOD: JULY 2014 - JULY 2017 • To disseminate research-based recommendations to the golf industry

FUNDING (kSEK) TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total 09 Nov.: Winter challenges at golf courses in Sweden. C.J. Lönnberg, SGF, NIBIO/STERF STERF 75 222 174 108 579 winter stress conference, Oslo Other sources 401 60 60 20 180 TOTAL 115 282 234 128 759 10 Nov.: Anoxia, spring injuries and reestablishment challenges. W. Waalen, NIBIO/STERF winter stress conference, Oslo 1) SEK 20, as in-kind contributions from machine companies and golf courses, was omitted from the budget in 2014 as the demonstration sites were not established until 2015. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON This project examined some important factors that can influence the success rate in re- Wendy Waalen, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Apelsvoll, Nylinna establishing golf greens following winter kill. 226, Kapp, NO-2849. Phone:+47 45286790. E-mail: [email protected] Work package 1 examined how phytotoxic metabolites, which can be produced during long-lasting ice cover, affect the establishment of different grass species used on golf greens. CO-APPLICANTS One field experiment was run at the NIBIO research facility at Apelsvoll in southern Trygve S. Aamlid and Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group Norway Norway in 2015 and 2016. Soil water extracts taken following ice encasement did not Carl-Johan Lönnberg, Swedish Golf Federation, Sweden negatively affect germination of the various grass species tested in either year compared with Boel Sandström, Swedish Golf Federation, Sweden saline water or soil water extracts taken from an area that had been killed with glyphosate.

This experiment should be repeated on an older green with a higher level of organic matter, PROJECT OBJECTIVE as this is expected to aggravate anoxic conditions. Furthermore, seedling root growth The project aims to provide new knowledge that can help greenkeepers achieve faster re- and the impact of germination temperature on the re-establishment capacity of the most establishment of turf after winter kill. Specific objectives were: common turfgrass species were investigated. Rate of germination and seedling root growth • To give species-specific guidelines for re-seeding after winter kill caused by anoxia have important implications for competition between species on a golf green. Poa annua • To investigate how sowing techniques influence the rate of success is a very competitive species, due to faster germination at lower temperatures, especially • To provide golf clubs with useful information on deciding the optimal time for re- compared with Agrostis stolonifera and Festuca rubra ssp. communtata. Root growth of seeding P. annua was also significantly faster than for the Agrostis species tested. Seedlings of Agrostis ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 39

Equipment used to re-sow the demonstration trial in 2016. Photo: Carl-Johan Lönnberg. Germination trial in WP 1 investigating the impact of extracts from an ice-encased green in two temperature regimes (day/night: 25/15 and 15/5 °C) on germination of a range of golf green species. Photo: Anne Steensohn.

species and F. rubra ssp. communtata that germinate in close proximity to P. annua seedlings soil temperature must be favourable for good establishment, and covers can be used to speed run a high risk of being choked out. In order to reduce competition with P. annua, early up re-establishment. sowing should be avoided. Early sowing and soil disturbance encourage establishment of P. annua. Covers should also be used to increase the germination temperature, especially The experimental work was finished in 2016. Project work in 2017 included statistical when sowing F. rubra ssp. communtata and A. stolonifera. analyses, publications in Nordic greenkeeper magazines and scientific publications.

In Work package 2, trials were established on ice-damaged greens in Northern Sweden in spring 2015 and 2016, using four different sowing machines. The results showed that sowing techniques which bury the seed and create good seed-soil contact (slit and spike machines) result in more even and dense plant cover than seed drop methods. Moisture and 40 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

PRACTICAL RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF GOLF GREENS FOLLOWING WINTER DAMAGE - A FIELD STUDY

30 Nov: Level II (VUB) golf course management training, Overwintering in Sweden. C-J PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL 2017 - JULY 2018 Lönnberg, SGF, Jonkoping.

FUNDING (kSEK) PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 2017 2018 Total The project is being carried out on naturally winter-damaged golf greens in central Sweden. STERF 30 20 50 Other sources 0 0 0 In 2017, the research sites were Surahammars GC and Leksands GC. Four different golf TOTAL 30 20 50 greens were divided into two blocks, with rough meadow grass used in one block and creeping bentgrass in the other. Across the blocks, one half was treated with wetting agent (Primer Select, 20 L/ha) and the other half was left untreated. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Carl-Johan Lönnberg, Svenska Golfförbundet, Box 11016, SE-100 61 Stockholm, Sweden Each block was divided into four plots, with replicates: E-mail: [email protected] • Control (no seed) • Vertical cutting + drop sowing, CO-APPLICANTS • Slit sowing Boel Sandström, Svenska Golfförbundet • Spike sowing.

The results from the trial varied depending on weather and how the spring developed. A PROJECT OBJECTIVES significant factor in 2017 was low ground temperature, which impeded establishment. • To explore the differences between slit, spike and drop sowing technology and the The results showed that the seed must have good contact with soil for establishment to impact on germination be successful. In 2017, the slit sowing method was clearly the best, compared with drop • To compare two different grass species (rough meadow grass and creeping bentgrass) sowing, spike sowing and the control treatment. Rough meadow grass germinated faster in terms of germination and there was a large difference between the species. The wetting agent had no effect on • To examine use of wetting agents. Is there any difference in green sward establish- germination. ment during spring for the two species? Will treatment with wetting agents give more moisture in the top of the green and better and smoother establishment?

TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 25 Sept.: Successful re-establishment of golf greens following winter damage - a field study. C-J Lönnberg, SGF, Elmia Park & Golf industry show, Jonkoping. ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 41

May 2nd, Surtahammars GK. May 23rd, Surahammars GK. 42 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

WINTER DAMAGE TO GOLF GREENS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES: SURVEY OF CAUSES AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES (PART II)

TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 PROJECT PERIOD: JANUARY 2017 - JULY 2018 17 July: Winter damage on golf greens in the Nordic countries: Survey of causes and economic consequences. T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein, W.M. Marie Waalen, L. Bjørnstad and FUNDING (kSEK) T.S. Aamlid, ITRC, New Brunswick, NJ. 2017 2018 Total STERF 18 48 66 09 Nov.: Winter’s impact on Nordic golf courses. T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein, W.M. Waalen, Other sources 0 0 0 L. Bjørnstad and T.S. Aamlid, Winter Stress Management International Turfgrass Seminar, TOTAL 18 48 66 Gardermoen

PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON It has long been claimed that turfgrass winter damage is a significant economic burden for Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban golf courses in the Nordic countries. To confirm this claim, in 2015 NIBIO and NGF, with Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddals- the support of STERF, conducted an internet-based survey about winter damage in the five veien 215, 4886 Grimstad. Phone: +47 406 23 778. E-mail: [email protected] Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). More than 300 golf courses participated. These data gave solid information about the type and severity of winter CO-APPLICANTS damage on golf greens and factors affecting this (Kvalbein et al., 2016). The comprehensive Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group survey also showed that the total costs of repair of winter-damaged greens and fairways, together with lost revenue from players in the Nordic countries, amount to at least €14 PROJECT OBJECTIVES million. In a year with significant winter damage, the average cost to repair the turf was • To publish a final report from Survey 2015 about winter damage to Nordic golf courses between €3000 and €12,000 on 88% of the courses. The revenue loss after a winter with • To analyse the remaining 11 questions (of 24) on common practices for preparing golf considerable damage was less than €6000 on 50% of the courses, while 25% of the courses greens in autumn, including autumn fertilisation practices, use of fungicides, mechani- reported a loss pf between €6000 and €12,000. cal treatments, common winter work on golf greens including winter covers, snow and ice removal The causes of winter damage varied depending on geography. Biotic factors played a major • To bring new information about the economic consequences of winter damage related role in southern Scandinavia, while ice and water damage were most devastating north to number of holes, grass species and geography. of 60°N. The answers from the respondents were analysed in relation to dominant grass species. ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 43

As for autumn fertilisation practices, the Nordic survey 2015 showed that autumn N application is common practice on several golf courses in Scandinavia. In particular, in Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland and Denmark, 54%, 52%, 30%, 17% and 11%, respectively, of golf courses are fertilised until frost comes.

There are still 10 of 24 questions that have not been analysed. The remaining data deal with aspects such as fungicide use, winter covers, mechanical treatments, snow and ice removal, other winter management actions, and economic impacts of winter damage in relation to golf course size. Mapping winter problems and the factors affecting them in the Nordic countries will contribute to identification of areas for new research.

Fairway on a Norwegian golf course after winter damage in June 2017. Photo: Tatsiana Espevig. 44 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

FROM DENSE SWARDS TO BIODIVERSE ROUGHS

• To critically test the use of hemiparasitic Rhinanthus minor as a method to diversify PROJECT PERIOD: JUNE 2017 - DECEMBER 2020 roughs • To assess whether cutting combined with temporal nitrogen immobilisation by incorpo- FUNDING (kSEK) rating carbon sources in soil improves establishment of seeded species relative to cutting 2017 2018 2019 2020 TOTAL only 1 STERF 175 200 200 200 775 • To quantify the effects of diversification measures on pollinator visiting rates and Other sources 1002 1021 1085 1196 4304 TOTAL 1177 1221 1285 1396 5079 composition of the pollinator community, and relate these to provision of resources for pollinators 1) Reserved, but not granted • To evaluate filtering effects of management treatments on sown species depending on their specific germination and establishment traits PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON • To explore the effect of management regimes on the playability of roughs Hans Martin Hanslin, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Særheim Research Centre, Postvn. 213, N-4353 TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 Klepp St., Tel: + 47 90 50 12 79, [email protected] 19 May: News story on NIBIO website “Trendy og nyttig med blomstereng” (Svalheim) Cited in around 40 newspaper/communication channels during summer 2017. CO-APPLICANTS 21 Aug.: News story on NRK website «Vil redde den norske blomsterenga» Trygve Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group (Aamlid, Svalheim). Johannes Kollmann, Technical University Munich 21 Sept.: Field day, Royal Castle Park, Oslo (Aamlid, Svalheim, Hanslin). Tommy Lennartsson, Swedish Biodiversity Centre, SLU Ellen Svalheim and Eveliina Kalloniemi, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Golf courses have high potential to support biodiversity and ecological functions in the PROJECT OBJECTIVES landscape while maintaining high-quality playing conditions. As many courses are located Main objective: To provide knowledge of management strategies to enhance diversity of flo- on fertile soils, management of soil fertility is the key to supporting more diverse vegeta- wering plants and pollinators in roughs to be used in further development of multifunctional tion and to providing resources for pollinators. This project is examining how to use cutting golf courses. regimes, soil amendments, seed addition and hemiparasitic plants to reduce grass domi- Specific objectives; nance and improve biodiversity on roughs. A field experiment will be conducted at Oslo • To study specific effects of sward cutting frequency, biomass removal and soil carbon GC and demonstrations at Sigtuna GC and Herning GC from 2017 to 2020. Local wild addition on rough productivity and establishment of sown target species flower mixtures will be sown and the development of botanical composition and pollinators ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 45

Time spent searching for balls and playability of the different rough structures are tested. Photo: Trygve S. Aaamlid

monitored. The knowledge generated will enable golf clubs to decide how to enhance biodi- versity under their particular conditions. Results will be disseminated though field days, two popular articles and a fact sheet, an information video and a scientific paper.

Locations were selected and experimental treatments started 2017 for all eight locations, including the two demonstration fields. Pollinators and vegetation were recorded according to plan and soil samples collected for chemical analyses. A test of the relationship between standing vegetation biomass and playability was run at Oslo GC. Raw material for a video was also recorded. This video will be edited early 2018 and made available at sterf.se. The information posters planned at participating golf clubs will be changed to outdoor informa- tion boards by the experimental plots. Herning GC already has one installed. The use of the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor to suppress grass dominance is tested in the project. Photo: Trygve S. Aaamlid 46 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

GOLF CLUBS AS LANDSCAPE PLAYERS – ESTABLISHMENT OF COLLABORATION NETWORKS IN THE LANDSCAPE FOR ENHANCED CONTRIBUTION TO THE 2030 AGENDA ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• To determine the global goals to which the identified functions contribute PROJECT PERIOD: AUGUST 2017 - JUNE 2018 • To identify actors in the surrounding landscape that would benefit from collaborating with the golf club and other relevant actors when developing the identified values/ FUNDING (kSEK) functions. The collaboration should also benefit the golf club in a win-win relationship 2017 2018 Total • To examine how long-term collaboration between golf clubs and actors in the sur- STERF 281 368 649 rounding landscape can be developed to advance the contribution to the 2030 Agenda Other sources 0 0 0 TOTAL 281 368 649 implementation process and enhance multifunctional values in the landscape.

TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON 10 Oct.: Golf clubs as landscape players. Project presentation. M. Heinrup, Assarbo GC. Anders Esselin, Man & Nature AB, Borgmästarvägen 5, 193 35 Sigtuna, Sweden. 2 Nov.: Golf clubs as landscape players. Project presentation. M. Heinrup, Larvik GC. Phone: +46 070-273 09 45. Email: [email protected] 13 Nov.: Golf clubs as landscape players. Project presentation. M. Heinrup, Linköpings GC. Nov.-Dec.: Presentation of the project orally and by mail to all landscape actors interviewed (37 so far). These landscape actors represent different organisations (departments at the CO-APPLICANTS municipality, sports clubs, local associations) working closely with the project golf clubs and Malena Heinrup, Project manager, Man & Nature AB many have spread information about the project within their respective organisations. Ongoing: Information about the project in the Facebook group “Turfgrass”, which has 595 PROJECT OBJECTIVES members (Dec 2017) and is directed at greenkeepers, and pictures from our visit at Asserbo To investigate how golf courses can contribute to enhanced multifunctionality on landscape GC. Torben Kastrup Petersen (DGU). level, thus advancing their contribution to the 2030 Agenda implementation process in the Nordic countries. Subgoals are: PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 • To identify existing or potential functions/values on golf courses, apart from golf Multifunctional golf facilities can contribute a multitude of societal benefits, such as playing, that could benefit from collaboration on landscape level. The values/functions biodiversity and outdoor recreation. Today, the work to implement the UN’s 2030 Agenda should contribute to multifunctionality of the landscape and not only matter for the for Sustainable Development and the 17 global goals are gaining attention world-wide. course and club members (e.g. outdoor recreation, cultural history, biodiversity, educa- The cross-sectoral and cross-scale nature of the goals, spanning issues such as health, food tion) ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 47

production and climate change, stresses the relevance and importance of viewing the landscape through a multifunctional lens.

This project is investigating how golf clubs can contribute to enhanced multifunctionality on landscape level by collaborating with other actors, thereby advancing their contribution to the 2030 Agenda implementation process in the Nordic countries. At three sites, we will carry out social-ecological inventories to identify key collaboration partners in the landscape. A workbook will be produced to inspire collaborative processes between golf clubs and other actors in the landscape.

During 2017, we recruited three courses to participate in the project: Asserbo GC (Denmark), Larviks GC (Norway) and Linköpings GC (Sweden). We made our first visits to the clubs (second visit will be for the workshops in spring 2018), met club representatives and interviewed them about existing/potential values and previous/ongoing/potential collaborations. Identification of landscape actors is finished in Sweden and Norway. So far, we have interviewed 16 landscape actors in Norway (we will add a couple more in January) and 21 in Sweden. These landscape actors, representing different perspectives on and knowledge about the development of the landscape, will meet at workshops in 2018. They can assist in, and benefit from, development of one or more of the values to be discussed at the workshop. Examples of landscape actors included in the study are: municipal departments (sports & recreation, nature, culture, health etc.), local business associations, local branches of national associations working with e.g. trekking and tourism, outdoor recreation, art and nature conservation; schools, museums, and organisations for people with disabilities. Visit at Linköpings GC. Photo: Anders Esselin 48 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS

GO OUTDOORS AND USE THE GOLF COURSE IN AN EDUCATIONAL WAY – CREATIVITY, LEARNING AND HEALTH IN THE UNLIMITED CLASSROOM

• Connect the outdoor learning activities to the norms and value in the Swedish (LGR PROJECT PERIOD: MAY 2017 - DECEMBER 2018 11) guidelines and curriculum and to the Swedish right and public access to nature • Evaluate the ways of learning and experiences by teachers and pupils through inter- FUNDING (kSEK) views and open questions in a phenomenographical study over time 2017-2018 2017 2018 Total STERF 83 132 215 TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 Other sources 0 0 0 TOTAL 83 132 215 Ongoing: Articles in local newspapers, website and local TV 21-22 Sept. National conference “Outdoor is Indoor”, Nynäshamn. Project presentation by A. Szczepanski PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON 06 Oct.: Learning Landscape Symposium, Ireland/Waterville, Iveragh, “Learning and Teaching in the context of landscapes”. Project presentation by A. Szczepanski. Anders Szczepanski, Spetsa AB (Linköping University Holding AB, Linköping University) Teknikringen 10, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden, E-mail: [email protected] PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 This project is part of STERF´s programme Multifunctional use of golf facilities and CO-APPLICANTS ecosystem services focusing on the golf course as a teaching facility/outdoor classroom. Helene Nord, Spetsa AB, Linköping University Golf courses could contribute to improved teaching by offering a variety of green areas for outdoor teaching. Using golf course land as outdoor classrooms could become particularly PROJECT OBJECTIVES important since the majority of the world’s population now live in urban landscapes and • Investigate the most suitable methods for outdoor learning on golf courses during all local areas suitable for outdoor activities are getting scarce. four seasons • Identify themes and subjects based on the curriculum for primary schools (LGR 11) In this proof-of-concept study, one pilot school, Smedsbyskolan, with 15 teachers has that are suitable for outdoor learning on golf courses been part of an outdoor education intervention and training at Motala golf club. In close • Develop a pilot model and practical guidelines for outdoor teaching on golf courses in collaboration with teachers and golf course staff, we have investigated the most suitable compulsory school years 1-6 methods for outdoor teaching on golf courses and the most suitable areas of the golf ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 49

course to be used as an outdoor classroom. A training course for participating teachers was carried out in autumn 2017. We have developed learning tools and implemented knowledge and skills connected to the Swedish curriculum and subjects like geography, languages, mathematics, technology, ecology and biology. The activity and reflection have been documented by the teachers in a school blog. There are also documents at the primary school in Motala from the outdoor course that we initiated and which was implemented by the teachers in their classes. In the coming spring, the children will visit their new classroom at the golf course.

The first survey with open questions about the teachers’ experience in the area of outdoor education has been carried out. Preliminary results from the study show that teachers can see the advantage of the outdoor learning situation to support the indoor learning in the classroom. However, it takes time for some teachers and also for pupils to understand that the outdoor environment is their new classroom. This phenomenographical study will be conducted with interviews and research questions after we have finished the training in June 2018.

Outdoor teaching at Motala GC. Photo: Britta Brügge 50 STERF COMPLETED PROJECTS

COMPLETED PROJECTS

The projects listed below were funded by STERF during 8. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties (Nordisk 17. Development, evaluation and implementation of play- the period 1999-2017. More information about the pro- sortguide).Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agri- ing quality parameters in a continuous golf course evalua- jects can be found on the STERF website www.sterf.org cultural and Environmental Research (2007). tion concept – user survey. Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen (2007-2009). 1. The effects of soil organic matter, content, and quality 9. Evaluation of biodiversity and nature conservation on on soil biological activity and turfgrass root development golf courses in Scandinavia. Bente Mortensen, GreenPro- 18. Prediction of turf growth as a function of light and in sand dominated golf greens. Karin Blombäck, Swedish ject (2006-2007). temperature under Nordic conditions. Karin Blombäck, University of Agricultural Sciences (1999–2001) Swedish University of Agricultural Science (2007-2009) 10. Effects of organic amendments and surfactants on 2. Nitrogen utilisation efficiency in different golf green hydro-phobicity and fungicide leaching from ageing golf 19. Re-establishment of green turfgrass after winter constructions of Creeping Bentgrass golf greens. Karin greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricul- damage, spring 2009. Agnar Kvalbein, Norwegian Green- Blombäck, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences tural and Environmental Research (2006-2007). keepers’ Association (2008-2009). (2001-2004). 11. The role of golf course management in the support 20. Impact of mowing height and late autumn fertilisation 3. Effects of demand-driven fertilisation on growth, ap- of wetland-associated organisms in greater metropolitan on winter survival of golf greens in the Nordic countries. pearance and nitrogen use efficiency of turfgrass. Tom Stockholm. Johan Colding, Beijer Institute of Ecological Agnar Kvalbein, Norwegian Greenkeepers’ Association Ericsson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science (2006-2008). (2008 -2010) (2003-2004). 12. Ageing of a sand-based rootzone. Karin Blombäck, 21. Multifunctional golf course with unique natural and 4. Leaching of fungicides from golf greens: Quantification Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (2006-2008). cultural values. Carina Wettemark, Kristianstads Vattenrike and risk assessment. Nicholas Jarvis, Swedish University Biosphere Reserve, Kristianstads kommun (2008 – 2010) of Agricultural Sciences (2004-2005). 13. Turfgrass demonstration trials in Dalarna. Erik Svärd, Swedish Golf Federation (2006-2008). 22. Evaluation of turfgrass varieties for use on Scandina- 5. Benefits and environmental risks of fungicide use on vian golf greens, 2007-2010. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Scandinavian golf greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian 14. Improved strategy for control of Microdochium nivale Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research on golf courses. Anne Marte Tronsmo, Department of (2007-2010) (2004-2005). Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (2006-2008). 23. Demonstration trials with winter cover protection. 6. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Boel Sandström, Swedish Golf Federation (2007-2010) Scandinavian golf greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian 15. The influence of golf on nature and environment – ana- Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research lyses and evaluation of the environmental performance in 24. Breeding of winterhardy turgrass varieties for central (2004- 2007). Scandinavia. Bente Mortensen, GreenProject (2006-2008). and northern Scandinavia. Petter Marum, Graminor AS, Bjørke Research Station (2007-2010) 7. Environmental management programmes for golf 16. Evaluation of the plant growth regulator trinexapac- facilities - a case study in the Stockholm golf district. ethyl (Primo MAXX®) on Nordic golf courses. Trygve S. 25. VELVET GREEN: Winter hardiness and management Mårten Wallberg, Swedish Society of Nature Conservation, Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environ- of velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina) on putting greens Stockholm (2005-2007) mental Research (2007-2009). in northern environments. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (2007-2011) COMPLETED PROJECTS STERF 51

26. Fertiliser strategies for golf turf: Implications for physiology-driven fertilization. Tom Ericsson, Department of Urban and Rural Development. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. (2007- 2011)

27. Nordic cooperation between authorities and non- governmental organisations for creating multifunctional golf courses and healthy ecosystems. Maria Strandberg, Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foun- dationJanuary (2010–2011)

28. The Nordic Turfgrass Guide 2012 and Variety Lists. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (2011-2013)

29. Optimal maintenance for hardening and early spring growth of green turfgrass. Karin Blombäck, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricul- tural Sciences (2006-2013)

30. Development of methods for non-pesticide weed con- trol on golf fairways. Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen-LIFE (2008-2013)

31. Preservation of cultural landscapes and cultural heritage elements on golf courses. Ole R. Sandberg, De- partment of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (2009-2013)

32. Interactive map with navigation to learn and un- derstand environmental work and impacts at a golf course. Magnus Enell, Enell Sustainable Business AB (2011-2013)

33. Integrated pest management - communication project within the park and golf sector. Maria Strandberg, Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foun- dation (2011-2013) 52 STERF COMPLETED PROJECTS

34. Evaporative demands and deficit irrigation on sand- 42. A comparison of the soil surfactant Qualibra and 51. Fairy rings and thatch collapse, Tatsiana Espevig, based golf greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute Revolution on creeping bentgrass greens varying in water NIBIO (2016-2017) for Agricultural and Environmental Research (2008-2014) availability. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for w Agricultural and Environmental Research (2014-2015) 52. Evaluation of the soil surfactant Qualibra on sand- 35. Large-scale demonstration trials: Silvery thread moss based putting greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO on greens. Mikael Frisk, Swedish Golf Federation (2011- 43. GreenCast validation of anthracnose (Colletotrichum (2015-2016) 2014) graminicola) on golf greens in the Nordic region. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and 53. Evaluation of Aquatrols experimental biostimulant 36. SCANGREEN: Turfgrass species and varieties for Environmental Research (2014-2015) formulations on fine turfgrass subjected to wear, drought integrated pest management of Scandinavian putting (nutrient) and winter stress. Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for 44. FESCUE-GREEN: Best management of red fescue (2015-2016) Agricultural and Environmental Research (2011-2015) (Festuca rubra) golf greens for high sustainability and playability. Trygve Aamlid, NIBIO (2011-2016) 54. Sustainable fairway management. Trygve S. Aamlid, 37. Increasing rates of the current and a new formulation NIBIO (2014-2016) of Primo MAXX® for plant growth regulation on greens 45. Overseeding of Fairways - A strategy for finer turf with and fairways. Ingunn M. Vågen, Norwegian Institute for less broad-leaved weeds and Poa annua. Anne-Mette 55. Evaluation of fungicides for Nordic golf courses. Agricultural and Environmental Research (2013-2015) Dahl Jensen, University of Copenhagen (2011-2016) Trygve S. Aamlid (2016-2017)

38. Effects of mowing height, N-rate and P-rate/ 46. Identification and risk assessment for dollar spot on 56. Evaluation of a phosphite pigment, alone and in mycorrhiza on quality and competition against annual Scandinavian golf courses.Tanja Espevig, NIBIO (2014- combination with fungicides, for control of turfgrass meadowgrass on putting greens with red fescue as 2016) winter diseases on green and fairway. Trygve S. Aamlid, predominant species. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian (2016-2017) Institute for Agriculture and Environmental Research 47. Experience mapping and multifunctional golf course (2011-2015) development - enhanced possibilities of increased and more varied use of golf courses. Ole Hjorth Caspersen, 39. Validation of the GreenCast prediction model for University of Copenhagen (2011-2016) microdochium patch on golf greens in the Nordic region. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and 48. Multifunctionality in golf courses – effects of different Environmental Research (2012-2015) management practices on the ecosystem services carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Thomas Kätterer and 40. Testing of alternative plant production products for Jörgen Wissman, SLU (2014-2016) the control of Microdochium nivale and other diseases on golf greens.Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for 49. Optimal application of nitrogen and sulfur in autumn Agricultural and Environmental Research (2011-2015) for better winter survival. Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO (2014- 2017) 41. Better turfgrass survival in a changing winter climate Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agriculture and 50. Successful reestablishment of golf greens following Environmental Research (2011-2015) winter damages. Wendy Waalen, NIBIO (2014-2017) COMPLETED PROJECTS STERF 53 54 STERF KEY INDICATORS

STERF KEY INDICATORS 2006 - 2017

Year Funding Applications Ongoing Scientific publications Popular Presentations Handbooks, Subscribers projects publications at seminars, Fact sheets, to STERF conferences Programmes newsletters etc. Received Approved for funding 2006 1 500 000 SEK 17 7 12 7 23 46

2007 4 900 000 SEK 1 1 13 3 12 26 1

2008 4 500 000 SEK 22 6 18 11 29 42 2

2009 5 500 000 SEK 1 1 15 16 20 49 1

2010 3 000 000 SEK 16 9 13 7 29 46 1

2011 3 700 000 SEK 19 4 32 50 25

Peer-reviewed Publications English Swedish papers and reports 2012 3 400 000 SEK 18 9 12 24 98 25

2013 4 100 000 SEK 14 2 11 36 71 11

2014 6 300 000 SEK 19* 8** 22 13 18 33 84 12

2015 4 400 000 SEK 17 6 7 23 77 9

2016 4 100 000 SEK 15*** 19 14 6 25 86 126

2017 4 700 000 SEK 7**** 18 10 3 50 92 16 893 1233

* Project proposals received by 1 December 2013 ** New projects approved for funding in February 2014. Funding of new projects started in 2014. *** Project proposals received by 9 December 2016. **** New projects for which funding was agreed in March 2017. Funding of new projects started 2017. The key indicators are based on information in project annual reports. STERF issues an open call for proposals approximately every two years. In exceptional circumstances, a project application may be approved for funding by the STERF board in between the open call for proposals. FINANCIAL SUMMARY STERF 55

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

INCOME STATEMENT 01/01/2016 01/01/2017 12/31/2016 12/31/2017

Revenue Net revenue 3 912 283 3 969 440 3 912 283 3 969 440

Expenses Other external expenses -31 775 -49 303

3 880 508 3 920 137

Income from financial items Interest 0 0 Surplus 3 880 508 3 920 137

BALANCE SHEET 2016 2017 Other receivable 0 0 Cash and bank balances 6 655 667 5 830 956 Total assets 6 655 667 5 830 956

Liabilities and equity Equity Restricted reserves 262 719 262 719 Non restricted reserves 4 772 948 3 968 237 Total equity 5 035 667 4 230 956

Current liabilities Other current liabilities 1 620 000 1 600 000 Total current liabilities 1 620 000 1 620 000

Total liabilities and equity 6 655 667 5 830 956 56 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

FULL PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL ing of fungicides and nitrate from golf greens. International Aamlid, T.S., T.E. Andersen, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & A.M.D. PEER REVIEWED JOURNALS Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11: 41-42. (Annex) Jensen 2013. Composted garden waste as organic amend- Aamlid, T.S. & O. Niemalainen 2009. Evaluation of the plant ment to the USGA-green rootzone and topdressing sand growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX®) on Nordic on red fescue (Festuca rubra) greens. European Journal of golf course greens and fairways. International Turfgrass Horticultural Science 79(3): 87-96. Society Research Journal 11: 70. (Annex) Aamlid, T.S. & G. van Leeuwen 2014. Optimal application Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, F. Enger, Å. Susort, Å. & A.A. Aamlid, T.S. & O. Niemelainen 2010. Evaluation of the plant intervals for the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl Steensohn 2005a. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varie- growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX®) for use on (Primo MAXX®) at northern latitudes. European Journal of ties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. International Scandinavian golf courses. In: Proceedings 2nd European Turfgrass Science 45(2): 81-82. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 10: 52-53. Turfgrass Conference, Angers, France 11-14 April 2010 pp. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, W.M. Waalen & T. Pettersen 2014. Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis 2007. Effects of a sur- 15-17. Fungicide for control of Microdochium nivale and Typhula factant on turfgrass quality, hydrophobicity and fungicide Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg 2011. Turfgrass species and incarnata. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): leaching from a USGA green established with and without varieties for Scandinavian golf greens. Acta Agriculturae 105-106. organic matter to the sand-based rootzone. In: Adjuvants on Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science 61 (2): 143-152. Aamlid, T.S., W.M. Waalen & T. Espevig 2014, Fungicide our World. Eighth International Symposium on Adjuvants for Aamlid, T.S., G. Thorvaldsson, F. Enger & T. Pettersen strategies for the control of turfgrass winter diseases. Acta Agrochemicals. Abstracts. p. 24. 2012. Turfgrass species and varieties for Integrated Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis 2008. Effects of wet- Pest Management of Scandinavian putting greens. Acta DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2014.985249. ting agent on turfgrass quality, hydrophobicity, and fun- Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B Soil & Plant Science Aamlid, T.S. 2015. Testing of turfgrass varieties for northern gicide leaching from a USGA green with and without 62 (Supplement 1): 10-23. environments: The SCANTURF and SCANGREEN evaluation organic amendment to the sand-based root zone. In: S. Aamlid, T.S. et al. 2012. Turfgrass water consumption on programs. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 8: 53-58. Magni (ed.): Proceedings, 1st European Turfgrass Society green and fairway as a function of turfgrass species and day Aamlid, T.S., J. Knox, H. Riley, A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Conference, 19th-20th May 2008, Pisa, Italy. pp. 39-40. number after irrigation to field capacity. Reviewed abstract 2016. Crop coefficients, growth rates and quality of cool- Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Kvalbein 2009. The potential of presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, 25-27 June 2012. season turfgrasses. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science a surfactant to restore turfgrass quality on a severely water- Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): 45-47. 202: 69-80. repellent golf green. Biologia 64: 620-623. Aamlid, T.S. et al. 2012. Irrigation strategies and soil surfac Aamlid, T.S. 2015. The plant growth regulator Primo Maxx Aamlid, T.S, T. Espevig, B. Molteberg, A. Tronsmo, O.M. Eklo, tant on golf course fairways. Reviewed abstract presented (trinexapac-ethyl) on golf courses: The Nordic experience. I.S. Hofgaard, G.H. Ludvigsen & M. Almvik 2009. Disease at the 3rd ETS Conference, 25-27 June 2012. Bioforsk European Journal of Turfgrass Science 8: 41-42. control and leaching potential of fungicides on golf greens FOKUS 7(8); 55-57. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Tronsmo 2016. Microbiological with and without organic amendment to the sand-based Aamlid, T.S. & T. Pettersen 2013. Effect of the plant products for control of Microdochium nivale on golf greens. root zone. International Turfgrass Research Journal 11: growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on turf quality, concen- Crop Science doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.05.0301 903-917. tration of total nonstructural carbohydrates, and infec- Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Tronsmo 2016. Microbial pro Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, T.O. Pettersen, S.L.G. Skaar & A. tion of Microdochium nivale in greens-type Poa annua in ducts for control of Microdochium nivale on golf greens. Kvalbein 2009. Evaluation of the surfactant Aqueduct® for Scandinavia. International Turfgrass Society Research In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society recovery of turfgrass quality on a severely water repellent Journal, Volume 12, 2013. pp. 801-803. Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. golf green. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal Aamlid, T.S. & V. Gensollen 2014. Recent achievements in pp. 147-148. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu/wp-content/ 11: 43-44. (Annex). breeding for turf quality under biotic and abiotic stress. In: uploads/2016/08/5ETSC_6TPests_A37_Poster_Trygve- Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis 2009. Effects of surfac- Sokolovic, D., C. Huyghe & J. Radovic (eds.). Quantitative Aamlid.pdf tant use and peat amendment on leaching of fungicides Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and turf. Aamlid, T.S., H. Riley, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & J.W. and nitrate from golf greens. Biologia 64: 419-423. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht. pp. 189- Knox 2016. Irrigation strategies on sand-based, creep- Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis 2009. Effects of the non- 196. ing bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) putting greens. In: ionic surfactant Revolution and peat amendment on leach- LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 57

Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society establishment on sand-based putting greens. International Ericsson, T., K. Blombäck, A. Kvalbein & A. Neumann Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: 394-399. 2012b. Demand-driven fertilization. Part II: Influence of pp. 81-82. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu/wp-ontent/ Calvache, S., T. Espevig, T.E. Andersen, E. Joner, A. Kvalbein, demand-driven fertilization on shoot nitrogen concentration, uploads/2016/08/5ETSC_4WM_A36_Oral_Trygve-Aamlid. T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Nitrogen, phosphorus, growth rate, fructan storage and playing quality of golf turf. pdf mowing height, and arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on red Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Tronsmo 2017. Microbiological fescue and mixed fescue–bentgrass putting greens. Crop Science, 62 ( Supplement 1): 139-149. products for control of Microdochium nivale on golf greens. Science 57: 537-549. Eriksson, F., T. Eriksson & M. Ignatieva 2015, Golf courses Crop Science 57: 559-566. Caspersen, O.H., A.M.D. Jensen & F.S. Jensen 2014. Mapping as part of urban green infrastructure: Social aspects of golf Blombäck, K., A. Hedlund & M. Strandberg 2009. Changes golf courses for multifunctional use other than golf. courses and extensively managed turfgrass areas from a over a six-year period in soil biological and physical European Journal of Turfgrass Sciences 2(14): 73-74 Nordic perspective, Proceedings from 52nd IFLA Congress, parameters in golf green rootzones with different organic Chen, Y., A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Effects June 6-7 2015, St. Petersburg Russia: 474-478 matter content and quality. Technical paper. Appendix. of seasonal fertilizer distribution on the competition from Eriksson, F. & T. Eriksson 2016. Golf courses as a part of International Turfgrass Research Conference, Santiago, annual bluegrass on red fescue putting greens. International urban turfgrass phenomenon: Results from a Swedish Chile, July 2009. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: 400-403. interdisciplinary research. In: Book of Abstracts of the Blombäck, K. et al. 2012. Influence of fertilization regime Chen, Y., T. Pettersen, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Playing 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, on carbohydrate content of turf grass. Reviewed abstract quality, growth rate, thatch accumulation and tolerance to Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, 25-27 June 2012. moss and annual bluegrass invasion as influenced by irri- Espevig T., M. Dacosta, T.S. Aamlid, A.M. Tronsmo, B.B. Clarke Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): 60-62. gation strategies on red fescue putting greens. Journal of & B. Huang. 2010. Effects of cold acclimation on freezing Blombäck, K., H. Eckersten, & E. Sindhøj 2009. Growth of golf Agronomy and Crop Science. DOI: 10.1111/jac.12246 tolerance and carbohydrate changes in Agrostis spp. p.72- turf as a function of light and temperature under Swedish Colding J., J. Lundberg & S. Lundberg 2006. Urban golf cour- 75. In: M. Volterrani (ed.) Proc. Eur. Turfgrass Soc. Conf., conditions – a simulation study. Technical paper. Appendix. ses can sustain wetland biodiversity. Paper IV. Rethinking 2nd, Angers, France. 11-14 April 2010. Angers. International Turfgrass Research Conference, Santiago, urban nature: Maintaining capacity for ecosystem service Espevig, T., B. Molteberg, A.M. Tronsmo, A. Tronsmo & T.S. Chile, July 2009 generation in a human-dominated world. Doctoral the- Aamlid 2012. Thatch control in newly established velvet Calvache, S., T. Espevig, T.E. Andersen, E. Joner, A. Kvalbein, sis by Jakob Lundberg. Department of Systems Ecology, bent grass putting greens in Scandinavia. Crop Science 52: T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Nitrogen, phosphorus, Stockholm University, Sweden. ISBN: 91-7155-312-6. 371-382. mowing height, and arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on red Colding, J. & C. Folke 2009. The role of golf courses in Espevig, T., C. Xu, T.S. Aamlid, M. DaCosta & B. Huang 2012. fescue and mixed fescue–bentgrass putting greens. Crop biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Proteomic responses during cold acclimation in association Science doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.04.0240. Ecosystems 12: 191-206. with freezing tolerance of velvet bentgrass. J. Amer. Soc. Calvache, S., T. Espevig, E. Joner, T.E. Andersen, T. Pettersen Colding, J., J. Lundberg, S. Lundberg & E. Andersson 2009. Hort. Sci. 137:391-399. & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, Golf courses and wetland fauna. Ecological Applications Espevig, T. & T.S. Aamlid 2012. Effects of rootzone com- mowing height and mycorrhiza inoculation on turf qua- 19(6): 1481-149. position and irrigation regime on performance of velvet lity and competition against annual bluegrass on pure Dahl Jensen, A.M & F.S. Jensen 2012. Nordic golf players´ bentgrass putting greens. I. Turf quality, soil water repel- red fescue and mixed fescue/bentgrass golf greens. In: perception of quality. Reviewed abstract presented at the lency and nutrient leaching. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society 3rd ETS Conference, 25-27 June 2012. Bioforsk FOKUS Section B - Soil and Plant Science 62 (Supplement 1): Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. 7(8): 95-97. 96-105. pp.103-104. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu/wp-content/ Ericsson, T., K. Blombäck & A. Neumann 2012a. Demand- Espevig, T. & T.S. Aamlid 2012. Effects of rootzone com- uploads/2016/08/5ETSC_5TATM_A47_Oral_Sara- driven fertilization. Part I: Nitrogen productivity in four position and irrigation regime on performance of velvet Calvache.pdf high-maintenance turf grass species . Acta Agriculturae bentgrass putting greens. II. Thatch, root development and Calvache, S., A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Growing sub- Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 62 playability. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil strates, fertilization, and irrigation for creeping bentgrass (Supplement 1): 113-121. and Plant Science 62 (Supplement 1): 106-112. 58 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Espevig, T., T.E. Andersen, A. Kvalbein, E. Joner & T.S. Aamlid M. Hedblom, T. Kätterer, H. Marstorp, P. Berg, T. Ericsson Kvalbein.pdf 2014. Mycorrhizal colonization and competition against & J. Bengtsson, 2015, Lawn as a cultural and ecological Kvalbein, A., W.M. Marie Waalen, L. Bjørnstad, T.S. Aamlid & annual bluegrass on golf greens with red fescue as the pre- phenomenon: A conceptual framework for transdiscipilinary T. Espevig 2017. Winter injuries on golf greens in the Nordic dominant species. In: Zuin, A. and K. Mueller-Beck. (eds.) research. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14: 383-387. countries: Survey of causes and economic consequences. European Journal of Turfgrass Science (Special Edition) pp. Ignatieva, M., F. Eriksson, T. Eriksson, P. Berg, & M. Hedblom International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: 604- 41-42 (ISSN 1867-3570). 2016. The lawn as a social and cultural phenomenon in 609. doi:10.2134/itsrj2016.09.0826 Espevig, T., M. Höglind & T.S. Aamlid 2014. Dehardening Sweden. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 21 (2017): 213 Larsbo, M., T.S. Aamlid, L. Persson, & N. Jarvis 2008. resistance of six turfgrasses used on golf greens. -223. Fungicide leaching from golf greens: Effects of root zone Environmental and Experimental Botany 106:182-188. Jensen, A.M.D., K.N. Petersen & T. Aamlid 2014. Pesticide- composition and surfactant use. Journal of Environmental Espevig, T., A. Tronsmo & T.S. Aamlid 2014. Evaluation of free management of weeds on golf courses: Current situa- Quality 37: 1527-1535. microbial agents for control of Microdochium nivale in vitro. tion and future challenges. European Journal of Turfgrass Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, F. Enger, A.A. Steensohn, & Å. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): 49-50. Science 45(2/14): 61-64. Susort 2008. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties Espevig, T., M.B. Brurberg, M. Usoltseva, Å. Dahl, A. Kvalbein, Jensen, A.M.D., O. Bühler, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid. for use on Scandinavian golf greens. In: S. Magni (ed.): K. Normann & J.A. Crouch 2017. First report of dollarspot 2016. Overseeding of fairways. In: Book of Abstracts Proceedings, 1st European Turfgrass Society Conference, disease, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, in Agrostis of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. 19th-20th May 2008, Pisa, Italy. pp. 137-138. stolonifera in Sweden. Crop Science 57: 349-353. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp.133- Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid 2010. Scandinavian turfgrass Gómez-Armayones, C., A. Kvalbein, T.S. Aamlid & J.W. Knox 134. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu/wp-content/ variety testing for lawns, sports turf, and fairways 2005- 2016. Assessing evidence on the agronomic and environ- uploads/2016/08/5ETSC_6TPests_A71_Oral_Anne-Mette- 2008. In: Proceedings 2nd European Turfgrass Conference, mental impacts of turfgrass irrigation management. Book of Dahl-Jensen.pdf Angers, France 11-14 April 2010, pp. 133-135 Abstracts of the 5th ETS Conference. Albufeira, Portugal. Jensen, A.M.D., O. Bühler, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Sandberg, O.R., H. Nordh & M.S. Tveit 2015. Perceived acces Hanslin, H.M., J. Wissman, T.S. Aamlid & P.E. Aspholm 2016. Evaluation of the occurrence of turfgrasses and weeds after sibility on golf courses – Perspectives from the golf federa- The potential to increase delivery of multiple ecosys- repeated overseeding on fairways. International Turfgrass tion. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 15: 80–83 tem services of urban grasslands. In: Book of Abstracts Society Research Journal 13: 389-393. Strandberg, M., T. Aamlid, D. Moore, C.J. Ritsema & J. Knox of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen, F. Søndergaard Jensen & M. 2010. WATEURF – Water And Turf – Efficiency and Use June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp.29- Strandberg 2017. Multifunctional golf facilities as a resour- Reduction for the Future - An international initiative on 30. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu/wp-content/ ce of important ecosystem services in a changing urban sustainable use of water in turfgrass management. In M. uploads/2016/08/5ETSC_2TL_A63_Oral_Hans-Martin- environment: Nordic case studies. International Turfgrass Volterrani (ed.) Proc. Eur. Turfgrass Soc. Conf., 2nd, Angers, Hanslin.pdf Society Research Journal 13: 236-239. France. 11-14 April 2010. Angers. Hedlund, A., K. Blombäck & M. Strandberg 2003. Nitrogen Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2012. Impact of mowing height Strandberg, M., K. Blombäck, A.M. Dahl Jensen & J. Knox use in a golf green during one season in the Mälar region and late autumn fertilization on the winter survival and 2012. Priorities for sustainable turfgrass management: in Sweden. 1st International Conference. Turfgrass spring performance of golf greens in the Nordic countries. a research and industry perspective. Acta Agriculturae Management & Science for Sport Fields. Athens, Greece, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 62 2-7 June 2003. Science, 62 (Supplement 1): 122-129. (Supplement 1): 3-9. Hedlund, A., K. Blombäck & M. Strandberg 2005. Nitrogen Kvalbein, A., A. Tronsmo, A.M.D. Jensen, K.J. Hesselsøe, Strandberg, M. & K. Schmidt 2012. Nordic cooperation to flows and use efficiency in a golf green during three T.S. Aamlid & M. Strandberg 2016. A Nordic model for create multifunctional golf courses and healthy ecosystems. seasons in central Sweden. International Turfgrass Society implementing integrated pest management (IPM) – col- Bioforsk Fokus 7 (2): 159-161. Annexe - Technical Papers 10: 11-12. laboration between authorities and the turfgrass industry. Strandberg M. & K. Schmidt. 2012. Nordic cooperation Hsiang, T., P.H. Goodwin & W. Gao 2014. Variation in respon- In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society to create multifunctional golf courses and healthy eco- siveness of Agrostis cultivars to defence activators. Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. systems. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd ETS European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): 47-48 pp.125-126. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu/wp-content/ Conference, 25-27 June 2012. Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): 98-99. Ignatieva, M., K. Ahrné, J. Wissman, T. Eriksson, P. Tidåker, uploads/2016/08/5ETSC_6TPests_A27_Oral_Agnar- Strandberg. M., K. Blombäck, A M. Dahl Jensen and J.W. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 59

Knox. 2013. The future of turfgrass management – chal- uploads/2016/09/5ETSC_7TNPhi_A30_Oral_Wendy- Aamlid, T.S. 2010. Best management practises for velvet lenges and opportunities in Europe. International Turfgrass Waalen-et-al.pdf bentgrass (Agrostis canina L) on golf course putting greens. Society Research Journal, Volume 12, 2013. pp: 787 – Waalen, W.M., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2017. The Report from an international seminar held in Finland 16-18 790. effect of ice encasement and two protective covers on the June 2010 International Turfgrass Newletter, October 2010, Strandberg, M., K. Schmidt, O. Skarin & L-G. Bråvander winter survival of six turfgrass species/subspecies on newly pp. 4-5. 2014. Multifunctional golf facilities as a driving force in established putting greens. International Turfgrass Society Aamlid, T.S., F. Enger, G. Thorvaldsson, J. Tangsveen, T. implementing the European Landscape Convention: A case Research Journal 13: 556-565. Pettersen & A.A. Steensohn 2011. Evaluation of turfgrass study in Sweden. European Journal of Turfgrass Science varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens, 2007-2010. (Special Edition). European Turfgrass Society Conference, Final results from the four-year testing period. Bioforsk 4th, Osnabruck, Germany. 6-9 July 2014 pp. 119-120. OTHER PUBLICATIONS IN ENGLISH Report 6 (1): 49 pp. (ISSN 1867-3570). Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, M. Barth, T. Pettersen, P. Strandberg, M., S. Borgström & E. Andersson 2016. Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, M.E. Engelsjord & K.O. Larsen Persson & S. Junnial 2011. Impact of Primo MAXX® and Multifunctionality on urban golf courses – a case study 2003. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for fungicides on turfgrass quality and winter survival on Nordic in the Stockholm area. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th use on Scandinavian golf greens. Results from the sowing golf greens, July 2010 – June 2011. Bioforsk Rapport 6(70): European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, year 2003. Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass Research 1-30. Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp.45-46. Foundation. 19 pp. Aamlid, T.S., T. Pettersen, M. Niskanen & L. Wiik 2012. Strömqvist, J. & N.J. Jarvis 2005. Sorption, degradation Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg 2004a. Evaluation of Agrostis Impact of Primo MAXX® and fungicides on turfgrass winter and leaching of the fungicide Iprodione in a golf green and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf survival on Nordic golf courses. Results from the second under Scandinavian conditions: Measurements, modelling greens. Results from the sowing year 2003 and first green experimental year, July 2011-May 2012. Bioforsk Fokus and risk assessment. Pest Management Science 61: 1168- year 2004. Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and 7(77): 1-30. 1178. Environment Research Foundation. Sterf.golf.se 24 pp. Aamlid, T.S., T.E. Andersen, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen, A.M.D. Tidåker, P., I. Wesström & T. Kätterer 2016. Energy use and Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, A.A. Steensohn, Å. Susort & F. Jensen & P. Rasmussen 2013. Use of compost in the greenhouse gas emissions from turf management of two Enger 2005b. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varie- root zone or in the topdressing sand on red fescue green. Swedish golf courses. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 21 ties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. Results from Results from the period August 2011 - November 2012. (2017): 80–87. the sowing year 2003 and the first two green years 2004 Bioforsk Rapport 8(168): 1-37. Tronsmo A., T. Espevig., K.G Jensen, L. Hjeljord & T.S. and 2005. Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Aamlid, T.S., T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein 2013. Water use Aamlid 2008. Potential for Agrostis canina on Scandinavian Environment Research Foundation. Sterf.golf.se 21 pp. of various turfgrass species on greens and fairways. Putting Greens as tested under controlled conditions. p. Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, F. Enger, A.A. Steensohn & Å. Greenmaster (Canada) 48(4): 31-33. 185-186. In: Simone Magni (ed.) Proc. 1st, Eur. Turfgrass Susort 2006. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties Aamlid, T., T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein 2012. Water use of Soc. Conf., Pisa, Italy. 19-20 May 2008. Stamperia for use on Scandinavian golf greens. Bioforsk Report 1 various turfgrass species on greens and fairways. 7pp. Editoriale Pisana. (189). 32 pp. http://www.sterf.org Waalen, W.M., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2014. The Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, M. Rannikko, T. Haugen, S. Aamlid, T., T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein 2012. Deficit irrigation effect of ice encasement and two protective covers on Junnila, T. Espevig & Å. Susort 2008. Evaluation of the plant on creeping bentgrass greens. 7 pp. http://www.sterf.org the winter survival of six turgrasses on putting greens. growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & T. Pettersen 2013. A first evaluation European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): 65-66. golf courses. Bioforsk Report 3(1): 1-30. of the GREENCAST prediction model for timing of fungicide Waalen, W.M., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, M. Rannikko, O. Noteng, M. applications on Scandinavian golf courses. Bioforsk Report The effect of ice encasement and two protective covers on Waldner, T. Haugen, S. Junnila, T. Pettersen & T. Espevig 8(94): 1-44. the winter survival of six turfgrasses on putting greens. In: 2009. Evaluation of the plant growth regulator Primo Aamlid, T.S., M. Niskanen, D. Wikmark, M. Ljungman, W. Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses. Results Waalen, T. Pettersen & J. Tangsveen 2013. Fungicides for Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. from the second evaluation year 2008 and recommenda- Nordic golf courses: Registration and R&D trials 2012-2013 pp.167-168. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu/wp-content/ tions. Bioforsk Report 4(4): 1-28. Bioforsk Report 8(95): 1-45. 60 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Aamlid, T.S., K. Paaske, L. Wiik, T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo, T. T. Esepvig, T. Pettersen, J. Tangsveen, A. A. Steensohn, Pettersen, P. Ruuttunen, J. Tangsveen, M. Ljungman & T.S. Pettersen, A.M. Dahl Jensen & P.G. Andersson 2013. P. Sørensen & B. Hannesson 2015. SCANGREEN 2011- Aamlid 2015. Evaluation of fungicides and the phosphite Testing of alternative plant protection products for the 2014: Turfgrass species and varieties for Integrated Pest pigment A14658D for control of turfgrass winter diseases control of Microdochium nivale and other diseases on golf Management of Scandinavian putting greens. Bioforsk on golf courses, 2014-2015. NIBIO Confidential Report greens. Results from the experimental period 1 October Report 10(65): 1-91. 1(7): 1-63. 2011 – 1 March 2013. Bioforsk Report 8(54): 1-38. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, T. Hsiang, A. Bertrand, K. Paaske, Caspersen, O.H. et al. 2014. Multifunctional Golf Courses. Aamlid, T.S. 2014. Scandinavian testing of turfgrass spe D. Widmark, A.A. Steensohn, T. Pettersen, P. Sørensen, K. IGN Rapport, December 2014, Department of cies and varieties for winter hardiness. In: Espevig, T. & A. Normann, M. Ljungman, B. Sandström & H. Norén 2015. Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Kvalbein (eds.): Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abst- Evaluation of the mineral oil product CIVITAS ONE® for induc- University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg. 180 p. www.ign. racts from international seminar 11-12 November 2014. tion of turfgrass resistance to Microdochium nivale on golf ku.dk Bioforsk Fokus 9 (8): 12-14. greens. Progress report, December 2015. NIBIO Report 1 DaCosta, M., L. Hoffmann, X. Guan & S. Ebdon 2014. Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman 2014. Growth regulation with Primo (27): 1-41. Physiology of cold acclimation and deacclimation in cool- MAXX on Nordic golf courses. STERF Handbook. http:// Aamlid, T.S. O. Niemeläinen, W. Waalen, T. Pettersen, P. season turfgrasses. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). www.sterf.org. 18 pp. (Swedish and Norwegian versons Ruuttunen, A. Kedonperä & J. Tangsveen 2016. Evaluation Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from inter- also available of the phosphite pigment A14658D, alone and in combina- national seminar 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):8. Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, D. Widmark, M. Ljungman, W. tion with fungicides, for control of turfgrass winter diseases, Dahl Jensen, A.M. 2012. Playing Quality on Golf Courses. Waalen, T. Pettersen & J. Tangsveen 2014. Evaluation of 2015-2016. NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive 2015/1858. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research fungicides for control of turfgrass winter diseases, 2013- 37 pp. Foundation.18 pp. http://www.sterf.org 14. Bioforsk Report 9 (112): 1-40. (Confidential report to Aamlid, T.S.,T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein 2016. Evaluation of Ericsson, E., K. Blombäck & A. Kvalbein 2013. Precision Syngenta). the soil surfactant Qualibra on a sand-based putting green fertilisation – from theory to practice. Handbook. 19 pp. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo, K. Paaske, L. Wiik, T. 2014-2016. NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive 16/1528. http://www.sterf.org Pettersen, A.A. Steesnsohn, O. Hetland, A.M.D. Jensen & 39. Espevig, T., T.S. Aamlid, A. Tronsmo, K.G. Jensen, B. P.G. Andersson 2014. Testing of alternative plant protec- Aamlid, T.S., A.M.D. Jensen, A. Kvalbein & P. Rasmussen Molteberg, L. Hjeljord, A.M. Tronsmo, Å. Susort & F. Enger tion products for the control of Microdochium nivale and 2016. FESCUE-GREEN: Best management of red fescue 2008. Winter hardiness and management of velvet bent- other diseases on golf greens. Final report from a three- (Festuca rubra) golf greens for high sustainability and grass (Agrostis canina) on putting greens on northern year project, Oct. 2011- Sept. 2014. Bioforsk Report 9 playability. Final Scientific Report 2011-2015. NIBIO Report environments. Bioforsk Rapport 3 (30): 33 pp. (115): 1-54. 2(128): 1-23. Espevig, T., T.S. Aamlid, A. Tronsmo, B. Molteberg, L. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo & T. Pettersen 2014. Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kallioniemi, B. Hjeljord, Controlling winter-active fungi on golf greens: Can microbi- Sandell, T.H. Jepsen, T. Lennartsson, J. Wissmann & J. A.M. Tronsmo, T. Pettersen & F. Enger 2009. Winter hardi- ological products or alginates replace chemical fungicides? Kollmann 2017. From dense swards to biodiverse roughs. ness and management of velvet bentgrass (Agrostis cani- http://www.sterf.org www.sterf.org. na) on putting greens on northern environments. Report Aamlid, T.S. 2014. Fungicide leaching from golf greens. A Andersen, T.E. 2013. Effects of root zone composition and from the second experimental year 2008. Bioforsk synopsis of Scandinavian studies. STERF Article. http:// nitrogen and phosphorus rates on mycorrhizal colonization Rapport 4 (100): 54 pp. www.sterf.org 13 pp. in different turfgrass species on sand-based golf greens in Espevig T., T.O. Pettersen, T.S. Aamlid, A. Tronsmo & A.M. Aamlid, T. 2014. News from the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Scandinavia. Master of Science Thesis. Norwegian University Tronsmo 2009. Effect of acclimation conditions on free- Environment Research Foundation STERF’s R&D program- of Life Sciences.107 pp. zing survival of Agrostis spp. p. 26. In: Abstract book. me on Integrated Pest Management. The Newsletter of the Blombäck, K. 2008: First year report: Fertilizer strategies Plant and Microbe Adaptation to the Cold. 4-8 Dec. 2009. International Turfgrass Society September 2014. http:// for golf turf: Implications for physiology-driven fertilization, Ås, Norway turfsociety.com/newsletters/2014-09-itsnd.pdf : 5-8. Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Espevig, T. et al. 2012. Evaluation of resistance to pink Aamlid, T.S. 2014. International Seminar at Gjøvik, Norway, Research Foundation http://www.sterf.org snow mold of velvet bent grass cultivars in controlled 11-12 Nov. 2014: Turfgrass winter survival. In: Walker, Blombäck, K., M. Riddle, A. Neumann, T. Ericsson, A. environments. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd N.R. (ed.) International Turfgrass - The Newsletter of the Tronsmo, M. Linde & R. McGlynn 2013. Optimal maintenance ETS Conference, 25-27 June 2012. Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): International Turfgrass Society, September 2014 Edition. p. for hardening and early spring growth of turfgrass for putting 43- 44. 2. http://turfsociety.com greens. STERF Final report. 74 pp. http://www.sterf.org Espevig, T. et al. 2012. Thatch control on newly established Aamlid, T.S., W. Waalen, G. Thorvaldsson, A.M.D. Jensen, Calvache Gil, S., O. Niemeläinen, D. Widmark, W. Waalen, T. velvet bentgrass putting greens. Reviewed abstract LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 61

presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, 25-27 June 2012. Espevig, T., T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid 2013. Validation of Knox, J.W. 2013. Sustainable Water Management - A water Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): 87-89. the GreenCast prediction model for microdochium patch on strategy for the Scandinavian golf industry. R&D program- Espevig, T. 2013. Turfgrass winter stress management: golf greens in the Nordic region. Results from the second me. 14 pp. http://www.sterf.org recent studies and future perspectives. In: Waalen, W., validation year. Bioforsk Report 9(43): 1-37. (Confidential Kvalbein, A. & T. Ericsson 2010. Bedarfsgerechte Düngung Olsen, J.E. (Eds.) Winter survival in a changing climate. report to Syngenta). von Golfgreens. Greenkeepers Journal, No. 01/10, (41): Bioforsk Fokus 8(5), 17-18. Espevig T., T.O. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid. 2017. Evaluation of 25-28. Espevig, T., A. Kvalbein & T. Aamlid 2012. Potential of Marathon fertilizer, Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu on turf Kvalbein, A. & Aamlid, T.S. 2012. The Grass Guide 2012: velvet bent grass for putting greens in winter-cold areas. 9 quality and microdochium patch on a Poa annua putting Amenity Turf Grass Species for the Nordic Countries. pp. http://www.sterf.org green. Provisional report from the first experimental year. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Espevig, T., A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2014. Effect of impe NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive 17/00351. 20 pp. Foundation. 22 pp. http://www.sterf.org ded drainage on winter hardiness of four turf grasses used Gómez-Armayones, C. & J.W. Knox 2016. Survey of golf cour Kvalbein, A., A-M. Dahl Jensen, P. Rasmussen & T. Aamlid on lawns/fairways. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf se irrigation management practices in four Nordic countries, 2012. Red fescue management, guidelines based on Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international Technical Report. 22 pp. www.sterf.org greenkeepers´experiences. Scandinavian Turfgrass and seminar 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):17. Gómez-Armayones, C. & J.W. Knox 2017. Golf course irriga- Environment Research Foundation. 26 pp . www.sterf.org Espevig, T., M. Höglind & T.S. Aamlid 2014. Dehardening tion management practices in four Nordic countries www. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T. Aamlid 2013. resistance and rehardening capacities of six turfgrasses sterf.org 7 pp. Research and development programme within turfgrass win- used on golf greens Scandinavian testing of turfgrass spe- Gómez-Armayones, C. 2017. Simulation of irrigation on golf ter stress management. 19 pp. http://www.sterf.org cies and varieties for winter hardiness. In: Espevig, T. & A. greens using a ballistics model. Presented at “Science for Kvalbein, A. 2014. Demonstration trials with protective covers Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abst- a Circular Economy - How to Tackle the Water, Energy. Food on golf greens. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass racts from international seminar 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Nexus Conference, Book of Abstracts, Cranfield University, Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Fokus 9(8):10. UK, 16 June 2017. 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):21. Espevig, T., W.M. Waalen, B. Printz, J.-F. Hausman & T.S. Han, L., K. Teng, M. Strandberg & B. Hedlund 2014. A Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen 2014. Dead greens following the win- Aamlid 2014. Carbohydrate changes in turfgrasses during Chinese and Nordic collaboration – Workshop on mul- ter. What to do? http://www.sterf.org winter in Norway. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf tifunctional golf facilities. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Kvalbein, A. 2015: Low input seminar on turfgrass manage- Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international Environmental Research Foundation, Popular Scientific ment. seminar 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):15. Article. http://www.sterf.org 3p. European Turfgrass Society Newsletter 2015 (4): 9-13 Espevig T., A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2014. Effect of impe Han, L., K. Teng, M. Strandberg & B. Hedlund 2014. Kvalbein, A. & P. Rasmussen 2015. Turning Poa greens into red ded drainage on winter hardiness of four turf grasses used Workshop on multifunctional golf facilities. A Chinese and fescue. Greenmaster (Canada) 50 (4): 30-32. on lawns/fairways. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Nordic Collaboration. In: Walker, N.R. (ed.) International Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, K.N. Petersen, M. Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international Turfgrass - The Newsletter of the International Turfgrass Usoltseva, S.A.I. Wright & T.S. Aamlid. 2015. Fact sheet - seminar 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):17-18. Society. September 2014 Edition. http://turfsociety.com : Integrated pest management. Dollar spot. http://www.sterf. Espevig T., M. Höglind & T.S. Aamlid. 2014. Dehardening 4-5. org/ 4p. resistance and rehardening capacities of six turfgrasses Hofgaard, S.I., B. Molteberg & A.M. Tronsmo 2009. Kvalbein, A. 2016. Highlights from Nordic research on winter used on golf greens. In: Pukacki, P.M & S. Pukacka (eds.) Report from the project ‘Improved Strategy for Control of survival of turfgrass. European Turfgrass Society Newsletter The Book of Abstracts: Stress Recognition Triggers Plant Microdochium nivale on Golf Courses’ (2006-2008). 03/2016: 5-7 https://issuu.com/europeanturfgrasssociety/ Adaptation. International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar, http://www.sterf.org. 22 pp. docs/ets-nl-2016-03 10th, Kórnik - Poznań, Poland. 17 – 21 August 2014, p. 33. Isaksson, M., M. Sima, E. Hillström, P. Isacsson & J. Kvalbein, A., T. Pettersen & Aamlid, T.S. (2016) Evaluation of Espevig, T., W.M. Waalen, B. Printz, L. Solinhac., J.F. Andersson. 2015. Multifunctionality on urban golf courses. Aquatrols’ experimental biostimulant formulations. Field Hausman, K.A. Albein & T.S. Aamlid 2014. Carbohydrate www.sterf.org 5p. test on creeping bentgrass golf green in Norway 2015-2016. changes in six turfgrass species during winter in Norway. Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen & F.S. Jensen 2015. A prac NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive number 2015/1616-1. In: Pukacki, P.M. & S. Pukacka (eds.) The Book of Abstracts: tical guide for assessing your golf course´s multifunctional Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T. Aamlid & W. Waalen 2016. Winter Stress Recognition Triggers Plant Adaptation. International potential. STERF, Danish outdoor council, Department of injuries on golf greens in the Nordic countries - Survey of cau- Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar, 10th, Kórnik - Poznań, Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University ses and economic consequences. 11 pp. www.sterf.org Poland. 17 – 21 August 2014, p. 55. of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg. 29 p. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S Aamlid 2017. Turfgrass winter stress management. Golf Course Managers’ 62 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Handbook. http://www.sterf.org/sv/library/handbooks/winter- Skarin, O., M. Strandberg & K. Schmidt 2015. Societal Strandberg, M. et al. 2016. STERF research and develop stress-management 35 pp. Benefits of Golf - Inspiration and Ideas for Local ment programme within multifunctional golf facilities and Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Effects Partnership. Handbook Scandinavian Turfgrass Research ecosystem services. 21 pp. www.sterf.org of AlgaeGreen® on freezing tolerance of cold season turf gras- Foundation. http://sterf.golf.se. 20 p. Strandberg, M. 2016. A practical guide for assessing the ses: Extract of Ascophyllum nodosum applied to golf greens in Strandberg, M., A-M. Dahl Jensen, A-M. Dock Gustavsson, multifunctional potential of golf courses. International Norway. Confidential Report to OGT. Archive 17/01494. 16 pp. A.Tronsmo & P. Persson 2010. Golf´s research and deve- Turfgrass Society Newsletter, May 2016. p. 8. http://turf- Kvalbein, A. 2017. Full-scale demonstration trials. NIBIO 2017. lopment programme within integrated pest management. society.com/newsletters/index.htm McGlynn, R. 2008. Evaluation of fertilizer regimes and turfgrass http://www.sterf.org 19 pp. Strandberg, M. 2016. Red fescue management - species effect on playing characteristics of overwintered golf Strandberg, M. 2010. Three extended Scandinavian R&D Guidelines putting greens in Sweden. MSc Sports Surface Technology programs. International Turfgrass Newletter, October 2010, based on new research results and greenkeepers’ expe- Academic Year 2007-2008. Cranfield University School of pp. 11-13. riences. ETS newsletter. May 2016. Applied Science Natural Resources Department. UK Strandberg, M. 2011. Multifunctional Golf Courses – An Strandberg, M. 2016. Red fescue management - Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, G. Thorvaldsson, A. Hammarlund, Unutilised Resource. The Newsletter of International Guidelines based on new research results and green- F. Enger, T. Espevig, Å. Susort & D. Nord 2007. Evaluation of Turfgrass Society: 3-5. keepers’ experiences. ITS newsletter. May 2016. p. 7. turfgrass varieties for use on Scandinavian putting greens. Strandberg, M. et al. 2011. Multifunctional Golf Courses – http://turfsociety.com/newsletters/index.htm Results from the sowing year 2007. Bioforsk Report 2 An Unutilised Resource. STERF, Box 84, 182 11 Danderyd. Strandberg, M. 2016. STERF call for proposals. ITS newslet (159): 26 pp. http://www.sterf.org. 31 pp. ter. September 2016. pp. 8-9. http://turfsociety.com/ Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, G. Thorvaldsson, A. Hammarlund, Strandberg, M. 2012. Exploring multifunctional golf newsletters/index.htm F. Enger, T. Pettersen & D. Nord 2008. Evaluation of turf- courses – Swedish project focuses on underutilized public Strandberg, M. 2016. STERF yearbook 2015. 62 pp. www. grass varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens, 2007- resources. Greenmaster. January/February 2012: 32-35. sterf.org. 2010. Results from the sowing year 2007 and first green Strandberg, M. 2012. Mutiltifunctional golf facilities – an Strandberg, M. 2017. STERF yearbook 2016. www.serf.org year 2008. Bioforsk Report 3 (170): 40 pp. underutilised resource. Greenside. September 2012: Strandberg, M. 2017. Ten new fact sheets about turfgrass Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, G. Thorvaldsson, F. Enger & T. 12-15. winter stress management. ITS Newsletter January 2017. Pettersen 2010. Evaluation of turfgrass varieties for use Strandberg, M., K. Schmidt, A.M. Dahl Jensen, C. http://turfsociety.com/newsletters/2017-01%20itsnd. on Scandinavian golf greens, 2007-2010. Results from the Wettemark, I. Sarlöv Herlin, O. Hjort Caspersen & T. Kastrup pdf pp. 9-10. sowing year 2007 and the two first green year 2008 and Petersen 2013. Research and development within multi- Strandberg, M. 2017. Ten new fact sheets about turf 2009. Bioforsk Report 5 (5): 38 pp. functional golf facilities. 23 pp. http://www.sterf.org grass winter stress management. ETS Newsletter 1:2017. Pettersson, B. & M. Rannikko 2010. Demonstration trials Strandberg, M. 2013. New research and development https://issuu.com/europeanturfgrasssociety/docs/ets- with winter cover protection. http://www.sterf.org 41 pp. program within multifunctional golf facilities. European nl-2017-01reg pp. 4-5. Rannikko, M. & B. Pettersson 2008. Demonstration trials Turfgrass Society Newsletter. September 2013. http:// Strandberg, M. 2017. STERF yearbook - 10 years of excep- with winter cover protection. Results from the first winter www.turfgrasssociety.eu tional progress. European Turfgrass Society newsletter demonstration year 2007-2008. http://www.sterf.org Strandberg, M. & T. Espevig 2014 STERF’s Winter stress 2017:2. https://issuu.com/europeanturfgrasssociety/ Rannikko, M. & B. Pettersson 2009. Demonstration trials management programme. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein docs/ets-nl-2017-02_reg p. 9. with winter cover protection. Annual report winter 2008- (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from Strandberg, M. & B. Hedlund 2017. STERF yearbook 2016 - 2009. http://www.sterf.org international seminar 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Fokus 10 years of exceptional progress. ITS Newsletter May Ross J., D. Tompkins, K. Dodson & D. Asher 2014. Winter 9(8):7. 2017. http://turfsociety.com/newsletters/2017-05%20 cover strategies for your golf course. In: Espevig, T. & A. Strandberg., M. 2015 A special communication to ETS mem itsnd.pdf p. 8. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abst- bers – Societal benefits of golf. European Turfgrass Society Strandberg, M. & B. Hedlund 2017. STERF yearbook 2016 racts from international seminar 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Newsletter 2015 (3): 4 - 10 years of exceptional progress. ETS newsletter 2:2017 Fokus 9(8):24 Strandberg, M. 2015. Societal benefits of golf. The https://issuu.com/europeanturfgrasssociety/docs/ets- Sandberg, R., H. Nordh & S.M. Tveit 2014. Impact of golf Newsletter of International Turfgrass Society: 3-5. nl-2017-02_reg p. 9. courses on cultural landscapes. Popular scientific article. Strandberg, M. 2016. A practical guide for assessing the Strandberg, M. 2017. 14th International Turfgrass Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research multifunctional potential of golf courses. ETS newsletter Research Conference in Copenhagen July 11 - 16 Foundation. 15pp. http://www.sterf.org May 2016. 2021 – Save the date! http://turfsociety.com/newslet- ters/2017-09%20itsnd.pdf p. 16. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 63

Strandberg, M. 2017. 14th International Turfgrass forsøksgreener. Gressforum 2/2005: 18-21. Aamlid, T.S., F. Enger, T. Pettersen, A.A. Steensohn & G. Research Conference in Copenhagen July 11 - 16 2021 Aamlid, T.S. 2006. Vilka svampmedel är effektivast och Thorvaldsson 2011. Græsarter- og sorter til golf- – Save the date! ETS Newsletter 4:2017. https://issuu. samtidig mest miljovänliga ? Greenbladet 23(5), 58-59. greens, 2007-2010. Resultater fra STERF prosjektet. com/europeanturfgrasssociety/docs/ets-nl-2017-04 p. 21. Aamlid, T.S. 2006. Klippehøyder og soppmidler diskutert Greenkeeperen 25 (1): 32-33. Waalen, W.M, T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid 2014. på fagsamling om vinterforberedelser. Gressforum 2006 Aamlid, T.S., F. Enger, T. Pettersen, A.A. Steensohn & The effect of ice encasement and two protective covers (4): 26-27. G. Thorvaldsson 2011. Resultater fra STERF-prosjektet on the winter survival of six turfgrasses on putting greens Aamlid, T.S. 2006. Seks råd for bedre vinteroverlevelse: ‘Grasarter og sorter til golfgreener’. Gressforum 2011 (1): In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Råd til norske golfklubber før vinteren. NGF nyhetsbrev, 18-25. Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov. 2006. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen 2011. 11-12 Nov. 2014. Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):25 Aamlid, T.S. 2007. Bedre gresskvalitet og mindre klipping Nye forskingsprosjekt 2011. Gressforum 2011(4): 24-25. Wissman, J., K. Ahrné, C. Poeplau, M. Hedblom, H. med vekstregulering på norske golfbaner ? NGFs nyhets- Aamlid, T.S., T.O. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein 2011. Marstorp, M. Ignatieva & K. Kätterer 2016. Multifunc- brev mai 2007. Vanningsprosjektet: Bedre økonomi ved underskuddsvan- tional golf courses. Final report. 35 pp. www.sterf.org Aamlid, T.S. 2008. Rødsvingel – to eller tre underarter? ning to ganger i uka enn ved full rotbløyte. Gressforum Vågen, I.M., T.S. Aamlid, O. Niemeläinen, T.O. Pettersen Gressforum 2008 (4): 25-25. 2011(2): 18-21. & P. Ruuttunen 2013. Comparison of current and new Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis 2008. Virkning av væte Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein 2012. Grasfrø til ulike typer grøn PrimoMaxx formulations for turfgrass. Bioforsk report midler på greenkvalitet, sjukdomsangrep og utlekking tanlegg. Bioforsk Fokus 7 (2): 187-188. 8(186). av soppmidler fra sandbaserte golfgreener. Gressforum Aamlid, T.S. & A. Nyholt 2008. Vandingsstrategi – under Vågen, I.M., O. Niemeläinen, T. Espevig, T.O. Pettersen, P. 2008 (2): 22-25. skudsvanding på greens. Greenkeeperen 22 (3): 28-31. Ruuttunen & T.S. Aamlid 2013. Comparison of current Aamlid, T.S., G.H. Ludvigsen, B. Molteberg, I.S.Hofgaard Aamlid, T.S. 2013. Nurmikkosiemenet Suomi 2013. and new PrimoMaxx formulations for turfgrass. Bioforsk & A. Tronsmo 2008. Nytteeffekt og utvaskingsfare ved http://www.sterf.org 24 pp. report 8(186): 1-42. Confidential report to Syngenta. sprøyting med soppmidler på greener. Gressforum 2008 Aamlid, T.S. 2013. Sorter af plænegræs til Danmark 2013. (3): 28-31. http://www.sterf.org 24 pp Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg 2008. Hvilken grasart har best Aamlid, T.S. 2013. Sorter av plengras for Norge 2013. EXTENSION PAPERS OR REPORTS overvintringsevne: Rødsvingel, engkvein eller krypkvein? http://www.sterf.org 28 pp. IN NORDIC LANGUAGES Gressforum 2008 (4): 28-29. Aamlid, T.S. 2013. Sorter för grönytor i Sverige 2013. Aamlid, T.S. 2008. Vatningsstrategi på golfbaner. http://www.sterf.org 28 pp. Gressforum 2008 (1): 12-15. Aamlid, T.S. 2013. Sorter för grönytor i Sverige 2013. http://www.sterf.org 28 pp. Aamlid, T.S. 2003. Kraftig satsing på golfgras i Planteforsk. Aamlid, T.S. & M. Frisk 2008. Bevattningsstrategi på Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen 2013. Bättre green Gressforum 2003 (3)2: 24-25. golfbanor. Greenbladet 25 (2): 62-65. och mindre gödselbehov med vädefinerad kompost och Aamlid, T.S. 2003. Prøving av kvein- og rødsvingelsorter på Aamlid, T.S. & A. Nyholt 2008. Vandingsstrategi – under- dressand. Greenbladet 30(5): 47-49. golfgreen. Park & anlegg 2(4): 14-16. skudsvanding på greens. Greenkeeperen 22 (3): 28-31. Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen 2013. Kompost i Aamlid, T.S. 2003. Nye forsøksgreener på Landvik for Aamlid, T.S. 2009. Når graset våkner om våren. greener er bra. Gressforum 2013(3): 22-24. måling av utvasking av gjødsel og plantevernmidler. Gressforum 2009 (2): 26-27. Aamlid T., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen 2013. Kompost i Gressforum 2003 (3): 28-29. Aamlid, T.S. 2009. Primo MAXX® anbefalt godkjent på golf greener är bra. http://www.sterf.org Aamlid, T.S. 2004. Nye forsøksgreener på Landvik. Park & baner i Norden. Gressforum 2009 (1) 24-26. Aamlid T., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen 2013. Kompost i anlegg 3 (7): 14-17. Aamlid, T.S. & T. Espevig 2009. Hundekvein på golfgreen greener er bra. http://www.sterf.org Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg 2004b. Utprøving av grasarter er i Norden. Gressforum 2009 (3): 20-22. Aamlid, T.S. 2013. Vinterskade: Erfaringer og funderinger og –sorter på golfgreener. Resultater fra green-forsøka Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T.O. Pettersen 2010. Hvor mye etter vinteren 2012-13. Gressforum 2013(2): 14-16. på Landvik og Apelsvoll i såingsåret 2003. Gressforum vann bruker graset ? Gressforum 2010 (1): 10-14. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & B. Sandström 2013. Vilka svamp- 1/2004: 18-21. Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein, T.O. Pettersen & A. Nyholt 2010. bekämpningsmedel skall vi använda och hur många Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg & A. Tronsmo 2004. Norske gras Hvor meget vand bruger græsset? Greenkeeperen 24 bekämpningar är nödvändiga? Greenbladet 30(5): sorter på norske golfbaner. Gressforum 2/2004: 20-23. (2): 10-14. 36-39. Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg 2005. Klare forskjeller i Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein, T.O. Pettersen & B. Petterson Aamlid T., T. Espevig & B. Sandström 2013. Hvilke soppmid overvintring og tidspunkt for vekststart på Planteforsks 2010.Nytt från STERFs bevattningsprojekt: Hur mycket vatten använder gräset? Greenbladet 27 (2): 66-69. ler skal vi bruke høsten 2013 og hvor mange sprøytinger 64 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

er nødvendig? http://www.sterf.org Amenity turf grass species for the Nordic countries. STERF och andra grästäckta grönytor utan ogräs. Faktablad inte- Aamlid T., T. Espevig & B. Sandström 2013. Vilka svamp- handbook. 21p. www.sterf.org grerat växtskydd. 5 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version bekämpningsmedel skall vi använda hösten 2013 och hur Aamlid, T.S. Kvalbeien, A. 2015. Gressguiden 2015 - Gress in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www. många bekämpningar är nödvändiga? http://www.sterf.org til grøntanlegg i Norden. STERF handbok. 21p www.sterf. sterf.org/dk). Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D. Jensen 2014. Nye lovende sorter i org Aamlid, T.S., M. Almvik, A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen 2016. SCANGREEN. Greenkeeperen 28(2): 12-15. Aamlid, T.S. Kvalbeien, A. 2015. Gräsguiden 2015 Gräs Nytt forskingsprosjekt: Risiko for utlekking og overflateav- Aamlid, T.S. & K. Sintorn 2014. Nya lovande sorter i STERFs till grönytor i Norden, STERF handbok. 21p. www.sterf.org renning av soppmidler fra ondulerte, sandbaserte greener. provning av gräs till golfbanor. Greenbladet 31(2): 54-55. Aamlid, T.S. & Espevig, T. 2015. Civitas mot sopp. Nytt Gressforum 2016(3): 10-12. Aamlid, T.S, W. Waalen, T. Espevig, T. Pettersen, J. STERF-prosjekt: Indusert resistens mot Microdochium Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S. Calvache Gil & A. Kvalbein 2016. Tangsveen & A. Steensohn 2014. Lovende sortsprøving. nivale. Gressforum 2015(1): 28-29. Low-input greener med god spillekvalitet: Rein rødsvingel Gressforum 2014 (2): 20-22 Aamlid, T.S., K. Paaske & K. Normann 2015. Nyt STERF- eller blandingsgreener? STERF populærartikkel. 10 pp. Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen 2014. Veldefineret projekt: Induseret resistens mod Microdochium nivale. www.sterf.org/no. kompost i rodzonen og topdressing giver bedre greenkva- Greenkeeperen 29(2): 54-56. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S. Calvache Gil & A. Kvalbein 2016. litet og mindre behov for gødning. Greenkeeperen 28(1): Aamlid, T.S., D. Widmark, B. Sandström & S. Nilsson 2015. Low-input greens med god spillekvalitet: Ren rødsvingel 18-21. Nytt STERF-project: Framkalla resitens mot Microdochium eller greens med blandede græsarter ? Greenkeeperen Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman 2014. Vekstregulering med PRIMO nivale. Greenbladet 32(2): 50-51. 30(4): 16-21. MAXX på golfbaneer i norden. STERF Handbook.http:// Aamlid, T.S. 2015. Tillväxtkontroll med PrimoMAXX på fair Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S. Calvache Gil & A. Kvalbein 2017. www.sterf.org. 18 pp. way. Syngenta Turf Talk vår/sommer 2015: 9. Low-input greener med god spillekvalitet: Rein rødsvingel Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman 2014. Tillväxtreglering med PRIMO Aamlid, T.S. 2015. Fortsat stort behov for oplæring i IPM på eller blandingsgreener? Gressforum 2017(1): 13-17. MAXX på nordiska golfbanor. STERF Handbook. http:// golfbanerne. Nyttigt møde mellom STERF og de nordiske Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S.C. Gil, A. Kvalbein & K. Sintorn www.sterf.org. 18 pp. myndigheder om planteværnsmidler. Greenkeeperen 29 2017. Ren rödsvignel eller blandgreener. Greenbladet Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman 2014. Primo Maxx på svenska golf- (3): 34-35. 34(1): 42-45. banor. Greenbladet 31(3): 54-55. Aamlid, T.S. 2015. Möte mellan STERF och nordiska myn Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson, A.M.D. Jensen & A. Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman 2014. Så påverkar dagslängden digheter om IPM och bekämpningsmedel: Stort behov av Kvalbein 2017. Engrapgræs som greengræs? i Norden optimal dos och appliceringsintervall av Primo utbildning. Greenbladet 32(3): 40-41. Overraskende resultater i SCANGREEN 2015-2019. Maxx. Greenbladet 31(1): 54-55. Aamlid, T.S. & B. Sandström 2016. Planera fröinnkjöpet Greenkeeperen 2017(2): 6-9. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo & T. Pettersen 2014. nu. De bästa krypvensorterna till greener i Skandinavien. Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson & A.M.D. Jensen Bekjemping av overvintringssopp på greener: Kan mikro- Greenbladet 33(1): 56-58. 2017. Kärrgröe eller engelskt rajgräs som «hjälpgräs» vid biologiske preparat eller alginater erstatte kjemiske plante- Aamlid, T.S. 2016. Flerårig raigras i norske plenfrøblan hjälpsådd efter vinterskador. STERF Popular Scientific vernmidler ? Gressforum 2014(4): 18-20. dinger? Park & anlegg 15(6): 20-23. Articles. www.sterf.org. Aamlid, T.S., K. Paaske & A.M.D. Jensen 2014. Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Trampgröe - slitagemästa Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson & A.M.D. Jensen Bekæmpelse af microdochium pletter og sneskimmel på ren! Greenbladet 33(5): 30-32. 2017. Markrapp eller flerårig raigras som ‘hjelpegress’ ved greens: Kan mikrobiologiske præparater eller algeekstrak- Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Veirapp - slitasjemeste resåing etter vinterskade. Gressforum 2016(2): 40-42. ter erstatte ke miske plantebeskyttelsesmidler? ren! STERF populærartikkel. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/no. Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson & A.M.D. Jensen Greenkeeperen 28 (4): 46-48. Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Etablering av golfbanor 2017. Markrapp eller flerårig raigras som ‘hjelpegress’ ved Aamlid, T.S., L. Wiik & P.G. Andersson 2014. Snömögel och och andra grästäckta grönytor utan ogräs. Faktablad inte- resåing etter vinterskade. STERF Popular Scientific Articles, fusarioser på golfgreener. Kan alternativ som mikrobiolo- grerat växtskydd. 5 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version May 2017. giska preparat eller alginater ersätta kemiska bekämings- in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www. Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D. Jensen 2017. Nyt fra SCANGREEN: medel? Greenbladet 31(5): 56-58. sterf.org/dk). Rødsvingelblandinger til golfgreens: En 50/50 blanding af Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D.Jensen 2015. Endelige sortslister fra Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Etablering av golfbanor sorter uden udløbere og sorter med korte udløbere egner SCANGREEN 2011-2014. Greenkeeperen 29(1): 42-46. och andra grästäckta grönytor utan ogräs. Faktablad inte- sig bedst til brug i Syd-Skandinavien. Greenkeeperen 31(1): Aamlid, T.S. 2015. Planlegg frøinnkjøpet nå! grerat växtskydd. 5 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version 65-67. Krypkveinsorter til greener i Skandinavia. Gressforum in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www. Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D. Jensen 2017. Rødsvingelblandinger 2015 (3): 12-14. sterf.org/dk). til golfgreens: En 50/50 blanding af sorter uden udløbere Aamlid, T.S. Kvalbeien, A. 2015. Turfgrass Guide 2015 - Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Etablering av golfbanor og sorter med korte udløbere egner sig bedst til brug i Syd- LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 65

Skandinavien. STERF Popular Scientific Articles, December Colding, J. & S. Lundberg 2012. Golfbanan som våtmarks Dahl Jensen, A.M. & T.K. Petersen 2011. Mere forskning I 2017. www.sterf.org. resurs. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Danmark – STERF projekter. Greenkeeperen 1: 46-48 Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein 2017. Veirapp - slitasjemesteren! Foundation. 22 pp. http://www.sterf.org Edman, P. 2016. Dokumentationskrav för integrerat växt Gressforum 2017(1): 8-11. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & K.S. Krogholm 2008. Pesticidfri pleje skydd (IPM). (http://www.golf.se/klubb-och-anlaggning/ Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kalloniemi, A. af fairways. Greenkeeperen 2008 (3): 10-13. banskotsel/nyhetsbrev-fran-banskotsel/dokumentations- Kvalbein, B. Sandell, T.H. Jepsen & H.G. Lau 2017. Tynd Dahl Jensen, A.M. & K.S. Krogholm 2008. Pesticidfri sköt- krav-for-integrerat-vaxtskydd-ipm/#expandable-seminariet- rough er lettere at spille fra og åbner for større biodiversi- sel av fairways – nystartat forskningsprojekt i Danmark. vinteroverlevnad-presentationer tet. Greenkeeperen 31(4): 14-18. Greenbladet 25 (5): 56-58. Edman, P. 2016. Skräppor (Rumex crispus m.fl.). Faktablad Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kalloniemi, A. Dahl Jensen, A.M. 2009. Golf og miljø – faktaark om integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel Kvalbein, B. Sandell, T.H. Jepsen & H.G. Lau 2017. Tynd miljømæsige udfordringer I relation til græspleje. Faktablad version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at rough er lettere at spille fra og åbner for større biodiversi- Dansk Golfunion. pp. 1-11. www.sterf.org/dk). tet – Forsøget i Herning Golf Klub. Greenkeeperen 31(4): Dahl Jensen, A-M. 2010. Får – et miljøvenligt alternativ til Ejderdun, A. 2015. Riskbedömning av skandinaviska isolat 20-21. bekæmpelse af ukrudt på golfbanen, Videnblad, 5-06-44. av Sclerotinia homoeocarpa vid olika klimat. B.Sc. thesis Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kalloniemi, A. Dahl Jensen, A-M. & K. Sintorn 2010. Får et miljøvenligt at University of Gävle, Trädgårdsmästarprogrammet med Kvalbein, B. Sandell, T. Lennartson & J. Wissman 2017. alternativ til ukrudt bekæmpelse, Greenkeeperen 4: inriktning mot hälsa och design. 53 p. http://hig.diva-portal. Mager ruff ger lättare spel och ökad biologisk mångfald. 62-64. org/smash/get/diva2:807013/FULLTEXT01.pdf Greenbladet 34(5): 54-57. Dahl Jensen, A-M. & K. Sintorn 2010. Møde mellem svens Ericsson, T. 2005. Inverkan av behovsanpassad gödsling AGC som landskabsspiller 2017. Publication on Asserbo ke og danske greenkeepere – erfaringsudveksling om pes- på golfgräs tillväxt, utseende, och kväveutnyttjande. Report GC’s webpage. https://agc.dk/index.php/home/latest/ ticidfri pleje, Greenkeeperen 3: 12-15. to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research klubnyheder/2642-agc-som-landskabsspiller Dahl Jensen, A-M. & T. Kastrup Petersen 2010. EU får Foundation, http://www.sterf.org Andersson, R. 2013. Hitta rätt med nya gräsguiden. Golf betydning for de danske golfbaner – EU direktiv om bære- Ericsson, T. 2006. Behovsanpassad gödsling. Greenbladet och Affärer nr 1. 2013. http://www.sterf.org dygtig anvendelse af pesticider vil sætte standarden på de 23 (2): 74-76. Beckman, O. 2017. “Smedsby skola satsar på lektioner danske golfbaner, Greenkeeperen 1: 72-74. Ericsson, E., K. Blombäck & A. Kvalbein 2013. Behovs- utomhus MVT. http://www.mvt.se/nyheter/motala/smeds- Dahl Jensen A-M. & K. Sintorn 2010. Svensk/dansk green anpassad gödsling från teori till praktik. Handbok. 19 pp. by-skola-satsar-pa-lektioner-utomhus-om4831363.aspx keeper-utbyte om pesticidfri skötsel, Greenbladet 4: 44-45. http://www.sterf.org Blombäck, K. 2008. En greens åldrande: Förändringar av Dahl Jensen A-M. & K. Sintorn 2010. Får – ett miljövänligt Ericsson, E., K. Blombäck & A. Kvalbein 2013. växtbäddens biologiska, fysikaliska och kemiska egen- alternativ som ogräsbekämpning, Greenbladet 4: 56-57. Behovstilpasset gødskning - Fra teori til praksis Handbok.19 skaper under en sexårsperiod. Emergo 2008:1. Sveriges Dahl Jensen, A.M & T.K. Petersen 2011. Mere forskning I pp. http://www.sterf.org lantbruksuniversitet. Avdelningen för biogeofysik och vat- Danmark. Greenkeeperen 1: 46-48 Espevig, T., A. Tronsmo, T.S. Aamlid, B. Molteberg & A.M. tenvård. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Tronsmo 2009. Hva sier forsøksresultatene om overvint Blombäck, K. 2013. Gödslingen och gräsets växtkraft. Växtskydd – Golfbanans vanligaste ogräs. www.sterf.org: 4 pp. ring av hundekvein. Gressforum 2009 (3): 23. Greenbladet nr 2, 2013. pp 25-27. Dahl Jensen, A. M. & P. Edman 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Espevig, T., T.O. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid 2010. Blombäck, K., M. Linde & A. Tronsmo 2013. Påverkas spel- Växtskydd – Vitklöver. http://www.sterf.org: 3 pp. Vinteroverlevelse 2009-10 i forsøksfeltene på Landvik kvaliteten av gödslings strategierna? Greenbladet nr 3, Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Gressforum 2: 6-9. 2013. Växtskydd. - Skräppor. http://www.sterf.org: 2 pp. Espevig, T. 2013. Mulighederne for hundehvene på greens Blombäck, K. & T. Ericsson 2013. STERF:s forsknings Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman 2011. Faktablad Integrerat i norden, Handbok. 21 pp. http://www.sterf.org projekt - Skötsel för god invintring och tidig vårtillväxt Växtskydd – Åkertistel. http://www.sterf.org: 3 pp. Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein 2014. Myntflekk. Ny sykdom på Greenbladet nr 2, 2013. pp 24-25. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman 2011.Faktablad Integrerat gress i Scandinavia. Gressforum 1:12-13. Cardner. S. 2012. Integrerat växtskydd kräver nya strate Växtskydd - Ogräsbekämpning /betesdjur. www.sterf.org: 4 pp. Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein 2014. Ny sygdom på græs i gier. Golf och Affärer 1:2012. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & H.P. Ravn 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Skandinavien. Greenkeeperen 2:42-44. Colding, J. & S. Lundberg 2009. Golfbanan som våtmarks- Växtskydd – Trädgårdsborre. http://www.sterf.org: 3 pp. Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein 2014. Myntfläck ny sjukdom på resurs, Manual för att främja biologisk mångfald i dammar Dahl Jensen, A.M. 2012. Ukrudtsbekæmpelse på græsa gräs i Skandinavien. Greenbladet 3:38-39. och småvatten på golfbanan. Report to the Scandinavian realer - oversigt. Bioforsk FOKUS 5(2): 174-176. Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein 2014. Årsak til vinterskade: Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation www.sterf. Dahl Jensen, A.M. 2012. Bekæmpelse af tidsler. Snømugg. Om vinterskader etter vinteren 2012-13 og om spør- org Greenkeeperen 4: 24-26. reundersøkelsen på Gresskurs 2014. Gressforum 1:22-26. 66 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Fransson, C. 2017. Smedsby skola satsar på uteprofil. Jensen, A.M.D. 2016. Vitklöver. Faktablad integrerat Kvalbein, A. 2011. Integrerat Växtskydd - Rambeskrivning Östgötatidningen, 170821 växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in IPM. http://www.sterf.org: 13 pp. Hedlund, A. 2002. Vart tar kvävet vägen.Greenbladet 19 (4). Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf. Kvalbein, A., F. Enger, W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig. Hedlund, A. & M. Strandberg 2005. Gräsets tillväxt och org/dk). 2011. Duklegging eller snøfjerning. Gressforum 2:10-12. kvävegödsling i Skandinavien. Greenbladet 22 (2), 30-31. Jensen, A.M.D. & P. Edman 2016. Groblad (Plantago major), Kvalbein, A. 2013. Dekkeforsøk på Miklagard. Gressforum Hellsten, C-M. 2011. EU-direktiv kräver nya strategier. tusensköna (Bellis perennis), krypnarv (Sagina procum- 4:24. Golf.se bens). Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. www.sterf.org/ Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Heltoft, P., J. Tangsveen & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Övervintring se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and Växtskydd – Gödsling. http://www.sterf.org: 5 pp. hos greenen i Apelsvoll. Greenbladet 34(3): 48-49. in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Heltoft, P., J. Tangsveen & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Overvintring Jensen, A.M.D. 2016 & P. Edman 2016. Åkertistel (Cirsium Växtskydd – Bevattning. http://www.sterf.org: 5 pp. på sortsgreenen på NIBIO Apelsvoll. Gressforum 2016(2): arvense). Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf. Kvalbein, A. & T. Espevig 2011. Faktablad Integrerat 36-38. org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no Växtskydd - Thatch i gräsmattan. www.sterf.org: 5 pp. Henriksen, V. July 2014. Tråkker til flerebruksanlegg. and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Frederiksstad Blad. Jensen, A.M.D. & K.J. Hesselsöe 2016. Försök på egen Växtskydd - Gräs till parker och fotbollsplaner. http:// Jensen, A.M.D. 2013. Hvad med vores fairways? bana. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/ www.sterf.org 8 pp. Greenkeeperen 3, pp 30-33 se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen, F.S Jensen & S. Petersen in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Växtskydd - Gräs till golfbanor. http://www.sterf.org: 8 pp. 2014. Orienteringsløb på golfbanen. Grennekeeperen 1: Jensen, A.M.D. & P.K. Jensen 2016. Sprutteknik. Faktablad Kvalbein, A. 2012. Riktig gjødsling gir sterkt gress. 10-12 integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel Bioforsk Fokus 7 (2): 182-184. Jensen, A.M.D., Caspersen O.H., and Jensen, F.S. Schmidt, version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2012. Riktig gressart. K. & Strandberg, M. (2015): Guide for värdering av golf- www.sterf.org/dk). Beskrivelseav gressarter for golf- og fotballbaner. banans Multifunktionella värden. STERF, Danish outdoor Jensen, A.M.D. & P.K. Jensen 2016. Kilder til information om Gressforum 4: 18-29. council and Department of Geosciences and Natural sprøjtemidler. Faktablad integreret plantebeskyttelse. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A. 2012. Gresset & Høstforberedelser. Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, www.sterf.org/dk. (Only in Danish) Gressforum 2: 11-13. Frederiksberg. 31p. Jensen, A.M.D. & H.P. Ravn 2016. Harkrankar (Tipulidae Kvalbein, A. 2012. Rødsvingel - for alle slags golfbaner. Jensen, A.M.D. 2016. Betning med djur – en del av IPM stra sp.) Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf.org/se. Gressforum 4: 30-31. tegin. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Kvalbein, A., F. Enger, W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig. org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). 2011. Duklegging eller snøfjerning. Gressforum 2:10-12. and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Jensen, A.M.D. & H.P. Ravn 2016. Trädgårdsborre Kvalbein, A. 2013. Mykorrhiza på greengress. Gressforum Jensen, A.M.D. 2016. Maskros. (Taraxacum officinale) (Phyllopertha horticola). Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 3: 26-29. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf.org/se. pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www. Kvalbein, A. 2013. Mykorrhiza på greengress. 4pp. http:// (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). www.sterf.org Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen & F.S. Jensen 2016. Guide Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2013. Plantenes vannhushold- Jensen, A.M.D. 2016. Minimering av ogräs på fairway och för värdering golfbanans multifunktionella värden. 29 pp. ning. Gressforum 2013(4): 26-27. andra kortklippta gräsytor. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/se. www.sterf.org Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2013. Tørrflekker og vannavstø- (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Johansson, F. 2009. Här görs gräset grönare – och tåli- tende jord. Gressforum 2013(3): 12-15. Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). gare. UNT 2009-04-01, 32–33. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2013. Vanning av gress på Jensen, A.M.D. 2016. Registrering av insektsangrepp samt Kvalbein, A. 2009. Nordlys er ikke bare Nordlys. golfbaner. STERF handbok. http://www.sterf.org skadetrösklar. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. www. Gressforum2009 (2): 36-37. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2013. Plantenes vannhushold- sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf. Kvalbein, A. 2010. Grunnleggende begrep om vanning ning. Gressforum 2013(4): 26-27. org/no and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Gressforum 2010 (4): 27-28. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2014. Tørkepletter og vandafvi- Jensen, A.M.D. 2016. Registrering av ogräs – hur och när? Kvalbein, A. 2011. Hva dreper gresset om vinteren? sende jord. Greenkeeperen 28(1): 62-65. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf.org/se. Gressforum 1:12. Kvalbein, A. 2014. Høstgjødslingsforsøk. Gressforum (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Kvalbein, A., F. Enger, W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig. 4/2014, page 5 Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). 2011. Duklegging eller snøfjerning. Gressforum 2:10-12 Kvalbein, A. 2014. Förberedelse för vintern. Syngenta Turf LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 67

Talk, Höst/Vinter 2014, page 7 angrepp av skadegörare på golfbanan. Faktablad integre- during the winter. De-acclimation and risk of winter Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig 2014. rat växtskydd. 5 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in injuries on turf. 4 pp. www.sterf.org Vinterskador - en komplicerad sak. Greenbladet 1:28-29. Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen 2016. Kvalbein, A. 2014. Förberedelse för vintern. Turf Talk org/dk). Spring stresses. The difficult transition into a new gro- (Swedish edition) Høst/vinter 2014 p. (www.greencast.se) Kvalbein, A. 2016. Rambeskrivning IPM. Integrerat växt wing season. 4 pp. www.sterf.org Kvalbeien, A., A-M. Dahl Jensen, P. Rasmussen & T. Aamlid skydd. 13 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Isbrann. 2014. Rauðvingull á golfvöllum: Leiðbeiningar byggðar á Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf. Når skal isen knuses? 9 pp. www.sterf.org reynslu valinkunna vallarstjóra. Scandinavian Turfgrass org/dk). Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen 2016. Vinterspill på sommer and Environment Research Foundation. 26pp. http://www. Kvalbein, A. 2016. Gress til golfanlegg. Veileder om inte green er. 5 pp. www.sterf.org sterf.org grert plantevern (IPV). 4 pp. http://www.bioforsk.no/ikb- Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Kvalbein, A. 2015: ‘Low input’ seminar. Gressforum 2015 Viewer/Content/123277/IPV-veileder%20Golfgress%20 Herding og vinterstress. Hva er det som skader golf- (4): 26-30. 11mars2016.pdf greenene? 6 pp. www.sterf.org Kvalbein, A. & P. Rasmussen 2015. Fra tunrapp til rødsving- Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Gödsling och integrerat Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. elgreener. Gressforum 2015(2): 6-9. växtskydd. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 8 pp. www.sterf. Vinterdekking av greener. Bruk av duker for å bedre Kvalbein, A. & P. Rasmussen 2015. Fra enårig rapgræs til org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and vinteroverlevelse av golfgreener. 5 pp. www.sterf.org rødsvingel. Greenkeeperen 29(2): 48-51. in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Kvalbein, A. Waalen, W. & Aamlid, T.S. (2015): Dött eller Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Torrfläckar. Faktablad inte Reetablering etter vinterskader. 7 pp. www.sterf.org grönt till våren? Greenbladet (32) nr 5 pp 52-53 grerat växtskydd. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Vinterarbeid på golf Kvalbein, A. Waalen, W. & Aamlid, T.S. (2015): Dødt eller Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf. greener. 6 pp. www.sterf.org grønt om våren ? Gressfourm 2015/3 pp 10-11 org/dk). Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Varme Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, K.N. Petersen, Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Val av gräs till golfbanor. perioder om vinteren. Avherding og risiko for vinter- M.Usoltseva, S.A.I. Wright, T.S.Aamlid. 2015. Faktablad – Faktablad integrert plantevern. Revidert mars 2016. 8 pp. skader på gress. 4 pp. www.sterf.org Myntfläcksjuka en ny sjukdom i Skandinavien. http://www. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen 2016. sterf.org/sv/ipm/faktaomraden/skadegorare/sjukdomar 4p. org/no and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Vårskader. Den vanskelige overgangen til ny vekstse- Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, K.N. Petersen, Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Val av gräs till parker, spor song. 4 pp. www.sterf.org M.Usoltseva, S.A.I. Wright, T.S.Aamlid. 2015. Faktaark – tytor och landskapsområden. Faktablad integrert plantevern. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Isbränna. Myntflekk en ny sykdom i Skandinavia. http://www.sterf. Revidert mars 2016. 8s. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version När ska isen krossas? 9 pp. www.sterf.org org/sv/ipm/faktaomraden/skadegorare/sjukdomar 4p. in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Kvalbein, A. 2016. Kravet om integrert plantevern. org/dk). Härdning och vinterstress. Hvad är det som skadar Gressforum 2016(1): 16-17. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Anoxia. When to golfgreener? 6 pp. www.sterf.org Kvalbein, A. 2016. Plantevern på golfbaner: Hva gjeldder break the ice? 9 pp. www.sterf.org Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Varma nå? Gressforum 2016(1): 18-19. Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen 2016. Winter play on summer perioder under vintern. Avhärdning och risker för vin- Kvalbein, A. 2016. Betydelse av filt (thatch) kontroll vid IPM. greens. 5 pp. www.sterf.org terskador på gräs. 4 pp. www.sterf.org Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/se. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Isbran. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Acclimation and winter stresses. What is killing out golf Hvornår skal isen brydes? 9 pp. www.sterf.org Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). greens? 6 pp. www.sterf.org Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen 2016. Vinterspill på sommer Kvalbein, A. 2016. Bevattning enligt IPM. Faktablad integre Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. greens. 5 pp. www.sterf.org rat växtskydd. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Winter protective covers. Usage of wraps to improve winter sur- Kvalbein, A., T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen 2016. Undir- Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf. vival of golf greens. 5 pp. www.sterf.org buningur golfflata fyrir veturinn. 5 pp. www.sterf.org org/dk). Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Bli av med Kvalbein, A. 2016. IPM Dokumentation vid skötsel av golf Re-seeding and spring recovery from winter injuries. 7 pp. filt i gräsmattan. Greenbladet 33(3): 44-49. banor. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/ www.sterf.org Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid. 2016. Filt i gress se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Winter work on golf greens. matter. STERF populærartikkel. 8 pp. www.sterf.org/no in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). 6 pp. www.sterf.org Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Filt i græs Kvalbein, A. 2016. Mekanisk skötsel för att minimera Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Warm spells plener. Greenkeeperen 2016(3): 46-51. 68 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid 2016. Høstarbeid for Liljebäck, L.-E. 2008. Ny chans att lära gräs för golfbanor. arenor för idrott, naturvård och allmänhet. Greenbladet å unngå vinterskader på greener. Gressforum 2016(3): 8-9. Agrifack. May. nr 5/2010. S 54-56. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T. Aamlid & W. Waalen Linde, N. & M. Strandberg 2006. Tre av fyra drabbas av Petersen, K.N. 2014. Resistens in plænegræs mod Rosa 2016. VINTERSKADER på nordiske golfgreener - skador. Greenbladet 23 (4): 37-38. sneskimmel (Microdochium nivale). Greenkeeperen Spørreundersøkelse om årsaker og økonomiske konse- Lönnberg , C.J. & B. Sandström 2016. Successful reesta 28(4): 36. kvenser. 11 pp. www.sterf.org blishment of golf greens following winter damage. 7 pp. Petersen, T.K. 2008. Forskning skal sikre fremtidens Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen 2017 Vinterspel på sommargreen- SGF. http://www.golf.se/contentassets/e0d58fa812f- baner. Dansk Golf 2008 (4): 136 er. 5 pp. www.sterf.org f4268aa4b83c995280743/framgangsrik-ateretablering- Petersen, T.K. 2008. Greens og fairways til eksamen. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2017. av-golfgreener-efter-vinterskador.pdf Greenkeeperen 2008 (3): 54. Vintertäckning av greener – Användning av dukar för bätt- Lönnberg, C-J. 2017. Re-establishment of winter-damaged Pettersson, B. 2007. Vintertäckning – möjlighet till bättre re vinteröverlevnad. 5 pp. www.sterf.org golf greens. Video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvf greenkvalitet tidigare på säsongen. Greenbladet 24 (4): Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid. 2017. r3lpUxKE&index=3&list=PLKaPDBMLBJMJ6IHbyXj7z1VrN 74-75. Återetablering efter vinterskador. 7 pp. www.sterf.org fmHS3xhD Pettersson, B. 2008. Kan vintertäckning vara nyckeln till Kvalbein, A., & T.S. Aamlid 2017.Vinterarbete på golfgreener. Lönnberg, C-J. 2017. Hjälpsådd I praktiken av vinterskadade bättre överlevnad och kvalité på våren? Greenbladet 25 6p, www.sterf.org greener. Swedish Golf Federation newsletter. May 2017. (4): 34-36 Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen 2016. http://www.golf.se/klubb-och-anlaggning/banskotsel/ Pettersson, B. 2008. Kan vinterdekking være nøkkelen til Vårskador – Den svåra övergången till ny växtsäsong. 4 pp. nyhetsbrev-fran-banskotsel/?p=2#expandable-hjalpsadd-i- bedre overlevelse og greenkvalitet om våren? Gress www.sterf.org praktiken-av-vinterskadade-greener Forum 2008 (4): 12-14 Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Hvenær skal Lönnberg, C-J. 2017. Hjälpsådd I praktiken efter vinterska Pettersson, B. 2009. Vintertäckning av greener – något ísinn brotinn? 9 pp. www.sterf.org dor. Greenbladet. 2017:3. 38-39. som fler klubbar borde satsa på! Greenbladet 3/09: Kvalbein, A., T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen 2017. Undirbúningur Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid 2005. Utprøving av grasarter 80-81 golfflata fyrir veturinn. 5p. www.sterf.org og –sorter på golfgreener. Greenbladet 22 (2): 24-28. Rannikko, M., P. Lehmuskoski & J. Englund 2008. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid 2017. Vetrarvinna á golfflötum. 6 Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid 2006. Grasarter og sorter til Viheriöiden talvisuojauskokeen havaintoja. Bunkkeri- pp. www.sterf.org golfgreener. Bioforsk Tema 1 (25): 1-5. Uutiset 3/08: 6–10 . Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & C-J. Lönnberg 2017. Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid & A. Tronsmo 2007. Den norske Rannikko, M. & J. Lampela 2010. Viheriöiden talvisuojau Re-etablering etter vinterskade. STERF Popular Scientific krypkveinsorten ‘Nordlys’. Gressforum 2007 (1): 20-23. skokeen havaintoja, osa III. Bunkkeri-Uutiset 3: 6-9. Articles February 2017. www.sterf.org. Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid 2007. Nordisk sortsguide for Sandberg, O.R. 2012. Kulturlandskap, kulturminner og Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & C-J. Lönnberg 2017. gras til grøntanlegg, 2007. Anbefalte sorter til green, fair- allmenn tilgjenglighet på golfbaner. Institutt for land- Återetablering efter vinterskador. Greenbladet 34(3): way/tee, plen, fotballbane og ekstensiv grasbakke basert skapsplanlegging, Universitetet for miljø- og bioviten- 40-43. på forsøksresultater 1985-2006. Bioforsk Fokus 2 (18): skap, UMB, Ås, Norge. 69 pp. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & C-J. Lönnberg 2017. 125 pp. Sandberg Rømer, O. 2012. Kulturlandskap, kultur Återetablering efter vinterskador. STERF Popular Scientific Nilsdotter-Linde, N. 2008. Gräs för golfbanor. Nordisk dis- minner og allmenn tilgjengelighet på golfbaner et Articles February 2017. www.sterf.org. tanskurs oktober 2008 – februari 2009. Greenbladet 2, 86. kartleggingsverktøy. Forskningsrapport, Institutt for Lagerstam, M. 2008. Utvärdering av lokalt greengräs Nilsdotter-Linde, N. 2009. Gräs för golfbanor. Nordisk dis- Landskapsplanlegging, Universitetet for Miljø- og försök i Dalarna 2006-2008. Report to Scandinavian tanskurs oktober 2009 – februari 2010. Greenbladet 2, 85. Biovitenskap, UMB, Ås, Norge. 68 pp. www.sterf.org Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. Nilsson, S. 2015: Elva länder representerade på STERF semina Sandell, B. & T. Espevig 2018. Hekseringer. 9 pp. http:// http://www.sterf.org 36 pp. rium i Köpenhamn. Greenbladet 32 (5):48-49. www.sterf.org/Media/Get/2968/article-hekseringer- Larsbo, M., N. Jarvis & T.S. Aamlid 2007. Organisk material Nilsson, S. 2015: Internationalt STERF-seminar I København. norsk.pdf och vätmiddel minskar utlakning. Greenbladet (Sverige) 24 Low input seminar. Greenkeeperen 29 (4): 16-17 Sandell, B. & T. Espevig. 2018. Häxringar. 9pp http://www. (5): 40-42. Normann, K. 2015. Nye angreb af dollar spot. Greenkeeperen sterf.org/Media/Get/2969/haxringar Lehmuskoski, P. 2009. Viheriöiden talvisuojauskokeen 23 (3): 36-37. Schmidt, K. 2013. Ny handbok för att rädda livet i våra havaintoja, osa II. Bunkkeri-Uutiset 3/09: 6–7. Nyholt, A. 2014. Hvordan overlever græsset vinteren? dammar. Greenbladet nr 1, 2013. pp 34 Lektioner I skogen uppskattas av elever och pedagoger. Greenkeeperen 4:6-8. Schmidt, K. 2013. Hitta ditt bästa gräs i sortslistorna. 2017. Motala municipality´s website www.motala.se, Persson, S. 2010. Multifunktionella golfanläggningar – Greenbladet nr 2, 2013. pp 30-31. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 69

Schmidt, K. 2013. Forskningsprogram och konferens Strandberg. M. & K. Schmidt 2012. Nytt verktyg med Svalheim, E. 2017. Kulturbetinget utvikling av bio- om multifunktionella golfanläggningar. Greenbladet nr 3 praktiska råd och rekommendationer. Greenbladet 1: 2012. mangfold i grasmark i Aust-Agder. Re-registrering av 2013. pp 39. Strandberg, M. & T.S. Aamlid 2012. Moderna växtskyddsmedel gamle enger etter endring av gjødsling, slått, beiting. Schmidt, K. 2013. Kreativa diskussioner om framtida – en del av integrert växtskydd. Greenbladet 29(2): 52-53. NIBIO rapport 3 (136) 2017. https://brage.bibsys. forskning. Greenbladet nr 4, 2013. pp 34-35. Strandberg, M. 2012. Nya projekt ska ge nya växtskyddsmedel. no/xmlui/handle/11250/2468023 Schmidt, K. 2014. Ny handbok från STERF; Golf och Affärer 3: 17. Tronsmo, A. 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd – ”Behovsanpassad gödsling - från teori till praktik”. Strandberg, M., K. Schmidt, A.M. Dahl Jensen, C. Övervintringssjukdomar. http://www.sterf.org. 6 pp. Greenbladet nr 1, 2014. Wettemark, I. Sarlön Herlin, O. Hjort Caspersen & T. Kastrup Tronsmo, A. 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd – Schmidt, K. 2016. Planetens hållbahet – vårt gemensamma Petersen 2013. Forsknings och utvecklingsprogram inom mul- Pythium. http://www.sterf.org. 2 pp. ansvar. STERF popular scientific article. 6 pp. www.sterf. tifunktionella golfanläggningar. 23 pp. http://www.sterf.org Tronsmo, A. 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd org. Strandberg, M. 2016. Forskning är lönsamt för golfen -Rödtrådssjuka & Pink patch. http://www.sterf.org. Schmidt, K. 2016. Planetens hållbarhet – vårt gemen – en sammanfattning av STERF:s årsredovisning 2015. 12 pp. 2 pp. samma ansvar. http://www.sterf.org/Media/Get/2616/ www.sterf.org. Tronsmo, A. 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd – planetens-hallbarhet-vart-gemensamma-ansvar pp 6. Strandberg, M. & M. Ihse 2017. Multifunktionella landskap – Antraknos. http://www.sterf.org. 2 pp. Schmidt, K. 2017. Verktyg som ger bättre koll. http://www. rapport från seminarium om golfanläggningars möjligheter Tronsmo, A. 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd - sterf.org/Media/Get/2775/artikel-verktyget-som-ger- och utmaningar. Kungl. Skogs- och Lantbruksakademin. Ringar i gräsmattan. http://www.sterf.org. 2 pp. battre-koll pp 4. http://www.ksla.se/aktivitet/multifunktionella-landskap/ , Tronsmo, A. 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd – Skarin, O., M. Strandberg & K. Schmidt 2014. Inspiration http://www.sterf.org/sv/about-sterf/news-archive/rapport- Häxringar. http://www.sterf.org. 2 pp. och idéer för lokal samverkan – Erfarenheter från Sigtuna fran-ksla-seminarium 26 pp. Tronsmo, A. 2011. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd projektet. Handbok, Scandinavian Turfgrass Research Strandberg, M. 2017. Golfbanans gräsmattor ersätter soci -Abiotiska skador. http://www.sterf.org 6 pp. Foundation. http://www.sterf.org. 16 p. aldemokratisk ideologi. Blogg Politik & Juridik. Swedish Golf Tronsmo, A. 2016. Abiotiska skador. Faktablad Smedsby satsar mer på pedagogik utomhus. 2017. Motala Federation. http://www.golf.se/bloggar-och-kronikor/politik- Integrerat Växtskydd. 6 pp. www.sterf.org/se. municipality´s website www.motala.se och-juridik/golfbanans-grasmattor-ersatter-socialdemokratisk- (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no Sörensson, M. 2010. Solitärbin och andra insekter på ideologi/ and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Kristianstads Golfklubbs golfbanor i Åhus - inventering Strandberg, M. 2017. Golfbanan blir klassrum. Blogg Politik & Tronsmo, A. 2016. Antraknos. Faktablad integrerat och förslag på riktiade skötselåtgärder. Vattenriket i fokus Juridik. Swedish Golf Federation. http://www.golf.se/bloggar- växtskydd. 2 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version 2010:03. 47 pp. och-kronikor/politik-och-juridik/golfbanan-blir-klassrum/ in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at Strandberg, M. 2009. Gräs för golfbanor – ny kunskap och Strandberg, M. 2017. Äntligen ett hållbart verktyg. www.sterf.org/dk). beprövad erfarenhet. Greenbladet 5: 82. Blogg Politik & Juridik. Swedish Golf Federation. http://www. Tronsmo, A. 2016. Häxringar. Faktablad integrerat Strandberg, M. et al. 2011. Multifunktionella golfanlägg- golf.se/bloggar-och-kronikor/politik-och-juridik/oncourse/ växtskydd. 3 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version ningar – en outnyttjad resurs. STERF, Box 84, 182 11 Strandberg, M. 2017. Golfens miljö allt viktigare. Blogg in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at Danderyd. http://www.sterf.org. 31 pp. Politik & Juridik, Swedish Golf Federation. http://www.golf.se/ www.sterf.org/dk). Strandberg, M. et al. 2011. Opin svæði á golfvöllum- bloggar-och-kronikor/politik-och-juridik/planetens-hallbarhet/ Tronsmo, A. 2016. Övervintringssjukdommar. vannýtt auðlind. STERF, Box 84, 182 11 Danderyd. http:// Strandberg, M. 2017. Är detta en golfbana – Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 6 pp. www.sterf.org/ www.sterf.org. 31 pp. Naturvårdsverkets argument för ekosystemtjänster. Blogg se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/ Strandberg, M. et al. 2011. Multifunksjonelle Golfanlegg – Politik & Juridik. Swedish Golf Federation. http://www.golf.se/ no and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). En uutnyttet ressurs. STERF, Box 84, 182 11 Danderyd. bloggar-och-kronikor/politik-och-juridik/ar-detta-en-golfbana- Tronsmo, A. 2016. Pythium. Faktablad integrerat http://www.sterf.org. 31 pp. -naturvardsverkets-argument-for-ekosystemtjanster/ växtskydd. 2 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version Strandberg, M. & K. Schmidt 2011. EU:s direktiv om Strandberg, M. 2017. Forskning är lönsamt för golfen – in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at integrerat växtskydd kräver nya strategier. Greenbladet 4: En sammanfattning av STERF:s årsredovisning 2016. http:// www.sterf.org/dk). 48-49. www.sterf.org/sv/library/articles-and-other-papers 21 pp. Tronsmo, A. 2016. Ringar i gräsmattan. Faktablad Strandberg, M. 2011. Nytt från SGF. Praktiska råd och Strandberg, M. 2017. Nya nyttiga forskningsprojekt. integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. www.sterf.org/se. rekommendationer – besök kunskapsbiblioteket. Greenbladet, Nr 5 2017. http://www.e-magin.se/ (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no Svenska golfförbundets nyhetsbrev. December 2012. paper/53mjjsdv/paper/1 pp 40-42 and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). 70 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Tronsmo, A. 2016. Rödtrådssjuka & Pink Patch. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 2 pp. www.sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www.sterf.org/no and in Danish at www.sterf.org/dk). Waalen, W. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Enårig rapgræs klarer sig bedst om foråret. Greenkeeperen 2/2016: 36-38. Waalen,W. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Survival of the fittest: Tunrapp har spissest albuer om våren. Park og Anlegg. 06/16: 16-19. Waalen, W. & A. Kvalbein 2016. Survival of the fittest: Tunrapp har spissest albuer om våren. Gressforum 01/16. Wernersson, L. 2009. Kulturhistorisk analys av Kristianstads Golfklubbs golfbanor i Åhus. Biosfärkontoret Kristianstads Vattenrike. Vattenriket i fokus 2009:04. 33 pp. Wettemark, C. 2012. Mer än en golfbana – ta tillvara banans natur- och kulturvärden. Vattenriket i fokus 2012:02. ISSN 1653.9338. www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se 12pp. Åsgård, O. 2014. Låt golfen ta plats i samhället. Vi gillar Golfnyttan. Golf och Affärer 1/2014: 11-17. Vallda GC. Photo:Peter Cordén CARLOS GÓMEZ. GÓMEZ. CARLOS : COVER PHOTO MCAFFE. COVER MARY LINGUISTIC REVISION: KARIN SCHMIDT. KARIN SCHMIDT.

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