World Day Malaria Vector Biology and Control LIGHTNING TALKS Vector Control Breakout Room

All Presenters: Please be prepared to speak when your slide is queued up. Presentation order is indicated in the Lightning Talk Program circulated by email. The moderator will introduce you by name and affiliation, and then your time will start. To stay on time the moderator must advance to the next presentation at 3 minutes.

Attendees: This rapid- fire format does not allow for live questions, but we encourage you to contact any speaker for further networking. The Global Vector Hub – making vector-borne diseases history

https://globalvectorhub.lshtm.ac.uk/register Twitter: @GlobalVectorHub Frederik Seelig Email: [email protected] Distinct clusters of malaria burden response following adoption of different IRS chemicals for Mutasa District, Zimbabwe: a case for enhanced vector surveillance

Sungano Mharakurwa1, Nobert Mudare1, Tanatswa Xuxa Gara1, Charmaine Matimba1, Wietske Mushonga1, Aramu Makuwaza1, Joseph Mberikunashe2 1Africa University, Old Mutare, Zimbabwe; 2National Malaria Control Programme, Harare, Zimbabwe Background Identification of pyrethroid-resistant funestus in 2013 led to IRS policy change from pyrethroid to organophosphate insecticide. Malaria burden declined but persisted as a problem even after further IRS policy change to organochlorine insecticide in 2017. The current study aimed to elucidate targets for enhancing control interventions. Methods Time series analysis of surveillance data from the district’s 45 health centres in relation to vector control interventions. Results Three distinct clusters of malaria burden response to the different IRS insecticides were identified, viz: • Cluster 1: Malarial burden under organophosphate = organochlorine << pyrethroid • Cluster 2: Malarial burden with organophosphate < organochlorine < pyrethroid • Cluster 3: Malarial burden with organochlorine < organophosphate << pyrethroid Conclusions The contrasting clusters of malaria burden response suggest underlying vector heterogeneity. More stratified entomological surveillance sites are recommended beyond the one designated sentinel site for the district. A sub-district mosaic of locally appropriate control interventions may be needed if malaria elimination is to be attained in Mutasa. [email protected] Activity is maintained against insecticide Antimalarial exposure can block the Mosquito-targeted Antimalarials resistant An. gambiae spread of -resistant parasites

+ Tarsal contact Blood feeding Oocyst detection Tarsal contact Blood feeding Oocyst detection

**** **** Insecticide-treated Antimalarial 250 250 200 200 bed nets compounds 150 150 y 100 y 100 50 50 40 Insecticide resistant An. gambiae 40 Lab-reared An. stephensi 35 (Bama-R, Burkina Faso) 35 (Anst-S) 30 30 25 25 20 20 22.5 15 12 15 Oocyst Intensit 10 Oocyst Intensit 10 5 Lab cultured P. falciparum 5 Artemisinin-resistant 0 0 0 (NF54) 0 patient-isolated P. falciparum Control ATQ Control ATQ (ART29, Cambodia) n=80 n=80 n=83 n=75 Antimalarial net ingredients

“Cure” mosquitoes that survive Paton et al 2021 – under review Prev: 81.25% 0% insecticide contact Prev: 100% 0% Available in BiorXiv now **** **** [email protected] Malaria control activities in remote native communities of Amazonas, Peru Carla C. Montenegro1, T. Pershing Bustamante-Chauca2, Cecilia Pajuelo Reyes1, Miguel Bernal3, Lizandro Gonzales1,2, Rafael Tapia-Limonchi1, Juan R. Tejedo1, Stella M. Chenet1* 1 Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru. 2 Dirección Regional de Salud (DIRESA), Amazonas, Peru. 3 Red de Salud Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Peru. 4 CONTROL ACTIVITIES

Malaria in Amazonas Number of cases of Number

Microscopy diagnosis Health education campaigns Epidemiological week Source: National Center for Epidemiology, Prevention and Control of Diseases – MINSA, Peru

Control activities and surveillance in native communities of Condorcanqui, Amazonas with the participation of local health promoters enable an effective Anopheles pseudopunctipennis malaria management program. Insecticide indoor residual Cypermethrin-impregnated Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi spraying with lambda- bed nets cyhalothrin Carla C. Montenegro, BSc Montenegro et al. Malar J (2021) 20:88 [email protected] https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03608-2 Stella M. Chenet, PhD [email protected] 2021 JHMRI World Malaria Day Symposium 04/23/2021

Household preference, physical integrity and bio-efficacy of long-lasting insecticide treated nets two years after the 2017 mass campaign in Benin. 12 1 3 1 4 5 3 Filémon Tokponnon , Razaki Osse , Rock Aikpon , Germain Gil Padonou , Fortuné Dagnon Daniel Impoinvil , Aurore Ogouyemi Hounto , Martin Akogbeto1

CONTEXT, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: In 2017, Benin NMCP conducted a mass campaign of DawaPlus 2.0, PermaNet 2.0 et Yorkool Long- Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLINs). Objectives of this study conducted in all 12 department was to determine household LLIN preferences, and the physical integrity and bio-efficacy of LLINs two years post-distribution,

Results: 76% of houses preferred blue mosquito nets, In 2017, Benin NMCP conducted a mass campaign of DawaPlus 2.0, and 80% household surveyed reported that the size of the deployed nets (1.9 × 1.8 × 1.8 m) was adequate. PermaNet 2.0 et Yorkool Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLINs). Objectives of this study conducted in all 12 department was to The mosquito killing 85.3 determine household LLIN preferences, and the physical integrity and 100 activity of the LLINs… 84.4 bio-efficacy of LLINs two years post-distribution, %(pHI>643) across all 35.3 14.7 A total of 600 houses and 600 LLINs were surveyed. To assess departments 5 preferences for LLIN color and size, LLIN physical integrity, the holes 78.8 on sampled nets were measured and the WHO’s Proportionate Hole % of nets with holes 92 Index (pHI) was calculated. 96.6 Using the WHO cone test to determine the bio-efficacy of the LLINs, susceptible 0 50 100 150

1 Yorkool PermaNet 2.0 Dawa Plus 2.0 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Ministère de la Santé Bénin Corresponding [email protected] 2 Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation Cotonou Bénin. 3 Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé 4 US President’s Malaria Initiative, US Agency of International Development, Cotonou, Benin. There was high percentage LLINs with holes. However, recovered 5 US President’s Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA LLINs had high bio-efficacy. Investigating the efficacy of insecticide-treated window screens and eaves against Anopheles mosquitoes 1 1,2 1 Beverly I. Anaele, MPH, Karan Varshney, MD(c), MPH, Ugwu Francis SO, PhD,3 Rosemary Frasso, PhD, MSc, MPH, CPH 1. Thomas Jefferson University, College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2. Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, Australia 3. South East Zonal Biotechnology Centre and Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

[ Background ] [ Discussion ] [ Results ] • The incidence rate for malaria worldwide has fallen from 71 cases per • All of the four main insecticides tested on eaves (beta-cyfluthrin, 100,000 in 2010 to 57 cases per 100,000 in 2018 (WHO, 2019). ● 10% beta-cyfluthrin: 64% drop in Anopheles transfluthrin, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb) appear to work effectively gambiae s.l. [eaves] • Sub-Saharan Africa maintains the majority of this disease, with 93% of Biting against mosquito entry. agencies and stakeholders need to cases taking place in this region, whilst 3.4% is in South-East Asia, ● +0.2% transfluthrin: 99% drop in indoor/outdoor biting [eaves] determine what insecticide and intervention they wish to utilize based on and 2.1% in the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO, 2019). and ● greatest ‘herd immunity’ if 80% of households have community needs. • The World Health Organization does not currently encourage protective transfluthrin-eaves • Not all households need to have transfluthrin-treated eaves installed, as mosquito-proofing houses likely due to continued research in this area. ○ Poor outcomes for A. funestus mosquitoes 80% coverage provides peak coverage—a form of herd immunity efficacy (42% indoor and 40% outdoor) (Mwanga et al., 2019). Modelling suggests that if 50% of households

install deltamethrin-eaves, there could be a 80-90% reduction in vector

[ Research Question ] bites with protection for houses without eaves. ● Most success with the Lethal House Lure approach This rapid systematic review aimed to discern whether insecticide-treated using the In2Care tool • More research is needed in regards to treated eave and window screen eaves and window screens can serve as effective tools against malaria in ○ 10% beta-cyfluthrin on eaves and 0-0.4% entry interventions for A. funestus and A. arabiensis mosquitoes. endemic countries. ● bendiocarb-eaves led to 50-70% drop in entry

● deltamethrin on shade-cloths over windows = entry • Few studies reported on treated window screens (n = 3), the longevity of bendiocarb-eaves these interventions (n = 1), or household attitudes (n = 2). [ Methods ] and

The research team used search terms including “malaria; eaves; screens; density mosquito bites; and bites and stings” on July 10, 2020, to collect relevant articles on PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases. These articles were accumulated on RefWorks for data management and further screening. • transfluthrin: 99.5% mortality Elements extracted from the final articles included population demographics, • beta-cyfluthrin (most effective out of 11 insecticides): intervention, methods, outcomes, and limitations. 100% for one month • deltamethrin + bendiocarb: 99-100% death [ Strengths and Limitations ] • bendiocarb solely: 39% A. arabiensis death Mortality • window-screens and eaves treated with • This rapid review provides a specific analysis of the benefits and pirimiphos-methyl and polyacrylate-binding agents: mortalities similar to LLINs drawbacks of various insecticides on particular species of Anopheles • maintains potency after 20 washes mosquitoes for use on eaves or window screens. • All of the included data is up-to-date and timely as new approaches for reinvigorating the fight against malaria are vastly needed. • Only three databases and two independent researchers performed this review, which could suggest that not all existing research may have been

• n = 2 included. • concertina window design for ventilation Household [ Acknowledgements ] Needs and Attitudes The authors would like to thank Dr. Paul Hunter for all of his invaluable help in bringing about this project. *Reference Requests & Questions are Welcome: [email protected] Pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) nets reduce the efficacy of indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl Thomas Syme, Martial Gbegbo, Corine Ngufor*

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Benin Email: [email protected] Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Benin www.crec-lshtm.org Why did we do it? What did we find? • P-methyl is a pro-insecticide which requires activation by specific mosquito enzymes. Olyset Plus PermaNet 3.0 P-methyl IRS P-methyl IRS • Pyr-PBO nets act by inhibiting mosquito oxidases 100 100 P-methyl IRS + PermaNet 3.0 P-methyl IRS + Olyset Plus involved in pyr resistance. • Pyr-PBO nets may block metabolic activation of 80 80 pirimiphos-methyl when applied together 60 60 What did we do?

40 40

Mortality(%) Mortality (%) Mortality

20 20

0 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Month Month • Mortality rates of wild pyrethroid-resistant An gambiae sl are significantly lower in huts with the combination (pyrethroid-PBO net + P-methyl CS IRS) compared to the IRS alone.

Two experimental hut trials in Cove, Benin against wild Conclusion and implications pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors 1. Actellic IRS + Olyset Plus vs. Actellic IRS alone • Pyrethroid-PBO nets reduced the toxicity of IRS with p-methyl when applied together. 2. Actellic IRS + PermaNet 3.0 vs. Actellic IRS alone • Consider not deploying pyrethroid-PBO nets in areas scheduled for IRS with pirimiphos-methyl CS JHMRI World Malaria Day 2021 www.afidep.org Evidence-based advocacy and implementation of gene drive technologies in malaria control and elimination in Sub Saharan Africa: Health Technologies Advocacy Project Ernest Tambo*, PhD; Rose Oronje*, PhD; Eliya Zulu, PhD Correspending author: [email protected], [email protected] Primary Increased evidence-based African-driven leadership and advocacy in promoting discourses and actions on the development Outcome and use of transformative technologies and tools for tackling health challenges in Africa

Increasing policymakers and communities Strengthening regulatory and advocacy Increasing voices and engagement of African scientists, understanding, commitment and action to capacity of AFIDEP & other African Institutions media, development experts, and CSOs in discourses to facilitate the development and use of TTs in promoting TTs /gene drive mosquito for Intermediate promote development and use of TTs for tackling malaria and gene drive for tackling malaria and vector reduction and tackling malaria burden, Outcomes burden and others health challenges in Africa and globally others health challenges in Africa and others health challenges in Africa

Policymakers and communities Engagement and commitment of scientists, development experts, media, engagement and participation CSOs, & global actors Capacity Building • For AFIDEP & Country • Multi-pronged advocacy approaches & • Knowledge translation practice and support of scientists Journalists and media in Burkina institutional partners tools to engage a wide range of Faso, Uganda/Kenya, & at regional levels in gene drive stakeholders and policymakers meetings, • Leveraging on gene drive and emerging technologies evidence workshops, awards of advocacy. dialogues in gene drive value in malaria excellence, briefings, and stories in malaria control and elimination • Knowledge and Outputs/Impact control and elimination in Burkina Faso & • Social media – through online influencers on informed, transparent and balanced actions competences on Ghana, Uganda/Kenya –Engaging • Nurturing Champions for gene drive technologies in malaria elimination ethics & regulations policymakers at regional levels – AU, • Dialogues on gene drive regulation and policy at local, national and global forums in review and AUDA/NEPAD, EAC, ECOWAS, SADC, accelerating local /national malaria elimination recommendations NEAPACoH, ECSA-Health Community, etc. Advocacy products: Wide-range of innovative advocacy products – social media platform, website, briefs, videos, infographics, blogs, webinars, media kits, etc.

Context and Justification Despite growing investments in the development of health technologies and their potential to change the trajectory of disease, well-being and equity, is still poorly exploited in Africa. There are bottlenecks limiting their use including: (i) public concerns and suspicions levelled against the technologies; (ii) lacking clear or established regulatory pathways for their use , iii) key African communities beneficiaries of the technologies are not involved in the development, appraisal and discussions on the technologies; (iii) lack of transparent, open and balanced need for transformational technologies and tools in malaria elimination for improved livelihood, quality healthcare delivery and sustainable growth. Predation efficiency of frog tadpoles as biological control for Anopheles larvae in India. Taruna Kaura, Abhishek Mewara and Rakesh Sehgal Email id: [email protected] Department of Medical Parasitology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Name of Species GenBank  The biological vector control strategy seems to have huge scope Accession but is largely underutilized, Number therefore, in the present study was An. annularis MH187963 planned to explore the occurrence An. culicifacies MH187964 of aquatic predators with An. stephensi MH187965 Anopheline and evaluated their larvicidal efficacy in laboratory Results conditions.  The reared larvae of these species  A survey was conducted in were tested for predation efficiency different areas of the Union by frog tadpoles and crustaceans. Territory of Chandigarh in North India to study the prevalence of  All the three species was more major species of Anopheles and abundant in rural and urban slums aquatic predators co-existing with as compared to urban areas. their larvae.  Tadpoles of frog were found to be effective predator with p value <0.05  Three species of Anopheles were as compared to crustaceans. found viz. An. annularis, An. stephensi and An. culicifacies which  In conclusion, the eco- friendly were identified by both natural aquatic predators can be morphological keys and ITS2 PCR- utilized for larval control in the light sequencing. Tadpoles of frog Tadpoles of toads of rise in insecticide resistance. The Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying with Fludora® Fusion in Nchelenge District, Zambia Ellen Ferriss1, Mike Chaponda2, Mbanga Muleba2, Jean-Bertin Kabuya2, Lawrence H. Moulton1, Douglas E. Norris1, William J. Moss1 for the Southern and Central Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research 1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia Objective: Measure the direct effect of IRS with Fludora® Fusion Results (abbreviated): compared to Actellic 95% Confidence Relative Risk Data: Monthly cross-sectional household surveys, 10/2014 – Interval 12/2020 Fludora® Fusion spray period 1.06 0.94, 1.19 House sprayed in past six months 0.91 0.82, 1.01 Statistical analysis: Poisson regression model with robust Fludora® Fusion spray period x House sprayed 1.11 0.94, 1.30 Estimated yearly population coverage with IRS in variance estimating parasite prevalence from participant RDT sprayed area, % 1.00 1.00, 1.00 status Sleeps under LLIN 0.81 0.75, 0.87

Conclusions: IRS with Fludora® Fusion was not associated with a decline in malaria risk compared to IRS with Actellic. Living in a home sprayed in the past six months may have conferred modest protective benefit. Increasing community coverage with IRS was not associated with decreased malaria risk.

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