USHB Nationals Bee 2015-16 Bee Round 3 Bee Round 3 Regulation Questions

(1) After successfully crushing a native rebellion, this man was made Governor of Higuey by Nicol´asde Ovando, and after establishing Caparra, this man was appointed Governor of San Juan Bautista. During an expedition, it is theorized that this man landed at Melbourne Beach; that expedition, this man named the land he explored to reflect the Easter season, known in Spanish as the Festival of Flowers. For the point, name this conquistador who explored Florida while legendarily searching for the Fountain of Youth. ANSWER: Juan Ponce de Le´on

(2) This man, who was referred to as the “little pale star from Georgia,” controversially tabled the Clayton Compromise in the House of Representatives, where he was elected after the resignation of Mark Anthony Cooper. This man declared that slavery was the main reason for his country’s establishment in his “Cornerstone Speech.” This man attended the with Abraham as the representative of Jefferson Davis. For the point, name this Vice President of the Confederate States of America. ANSWER: Alexander Stephens

(3) With Samuel Warren, this man co-wrote the article The Right to Privacy which influenced his dissenting opinion in Olmstead v. U.S, which upheld wiretapping without a warrant. This member of the Three Musketeers with Stone and Cardozo used scientific data and expert testimony to support a state law restricting women’s working hours in his brief for Muller v. Oregon. This man was nominated to the Supreme Court by Woodrow Wilson and was the subject of the first public nominating hearing. For the point, name this first Jewish Supreme Court justice. ANSWER: Louis Brandeis

(4) John Broder tested one of this company’s products for a 2013 New York Times article that this company’s founder criticized in a blog post containing a map of Broder’s journey. This company criticized Chris Christie’s administration for fast-tracking a 2014 law banning this company from selling its product in New Jersey due to its business model, which does not use dealerships. For the point, name this car company that produces the Roadster and Model S and was founded in 2003 by Elon Musk. ANSWER: Tesla Motors, Inc.

(5) Robert Smith was prevented from taking this post when Jacob Crowninshield refused to accept a nomination to Secretary of the Navy. After being passed over for a Supreme Court appointment, Caesar Rodney resigned from this position. Levi Lincoln was succeeded in this post by John Breckenridge, who only managed to win one case before his death. For the point, name this cabinet level position which serves as head lawyer for the government. ANSWER: United States Attorney General (prompt on head of the Justice Department)

Page 1 USHB Nationals Bee 2015-16 Bee Round 3

(6) This man’s grudge against music producer Terry Melcher led Susan Atkins, Linda Kasabian, and two other followers of this man to assault Melcher’s former house. Abigail Folger and four others died in that attack ordered by this man; one victim, who was 38 weeks pregnant, had her blood used to write “PIG” on the front door of the house. This man’s followers joined in his belief in a “Helter Skelter” race war, inspired by The Beatles’ White Album. For the point, name this cult leader who ordered the murder of Sharon Tate by members of his “Family.” ANSWER: Charles Manson

(7) This man’s experiences with the Narragansett Indians led him to write A Key Into the Language of America, and his conversation with John Cotton was outlined in his work The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The first Baptist church in America was founded by this man in a colony he created after being expelled from Massachusetts for his advocacy of complete separation of church and state. For the point, name this founder of Rhode Island. ANSWER: Roger Williams

(8) This work’s scope begins with the Greenback Period because, during the late Civil War, robust statistics were not kept for state banks. This work included a chapter titled “The Great Contraction,” which argued that letting interest rates rise helped trigger the 1929 stock market crash. For the point, name this book by Anna Schwarz and Milton Friedman that explores how the money supply affected American history from 1867-1960. ANSWER: A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960

(9) This man got his political start working as the foreman for the “Big Six” volunteer fire company. This man and A. Oakey Hall lost support after failing to stop the Orange riot that pitted Irish Catholics against Protestants. He was the primary man to lose power after Samuel Tilden’s Committee of Seventy began investigating his government. This man was frequently portrayed as a corpulent vulture in the cartoons of Thomas Nast. For the point, name this corrupt Tammany Hall “boss” during the early 1870’s. ANSWER: ”Boss” William Tweed

(10) This man may have been known as “Eugene” by Elizabeth Bentley. This man threatened to sue the author of the book Witness, setting off an action labeled “a red herring” by President Truman. As a young Congressman, chaired a subcommittee investigating this man, who was attacked by the “pumpkin papers.” This man was convicted of perjury in 1950, based on charges made against him by Whittaker Chambers. For the point, name this former State Department official accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948. ANSWER: Alger Hiss

(11) In 2010, this politician was challenged by Tea Party candidate Jesse Kelly. In that race, this politician criticized a map on Sarah Palin’s website that used crosshairs to identify important midterm election contests, including hers. Christina-Taylor Green, the granddaughter of former MLB general manager Dallas Green, was killed in an attack on this person during a “Congress on Your Corner” meeting in Tucson. For the point, name this target of a 2011 shooting and former Arizona Congresswoman. ANSWER: Gabrielle Giffords

Page 2 USHB Nationals Bee 2015-16 Bee Round 3

(12) Survivors of this event annually met to commemorate it at Lotta’s Fountain, where victims had organized to find loved ones. In this event’s aftermath, Frederick Funston ordered looters shot on sight. This event, which triggered a series of fires that burned the Palace Hotel and much of the Mission District, is estimated at a 7.8 but struck decades before the Richter scale was invented. For the point, name this 1906 disaster that killed thousands of people in the Bay Area. ANSWER: 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire (prompt on San Francisco fire, even after fire is read)

(13) This man’s Accessory Transit Company operated a route that was compromised by William Walker, leading this man to convince the Costa Rican government to attack Walker. This man lost millions by purchasing overabundant stock in Daniel Drew’s Erie Company, a mistake exploited by his rival Jay Gould. After being willed $2 million from this man, this man’s grandson, George, built a 250-room mansion in Asheville, North Carolina, named Biltmore. The New York Central Railroad was built by, for the point, what “Commodore” whose fortune funded a private university in Nashville? ANSWER: Cornelius Vanderbilt

(14) While working for this organization, Frank Geyer discovered the bodies of the Pitezel children, leading to the arrest of H.H. Holmes. The founder of this organization, with two of his employees, took credit for preventing the Plot. During one event, members of this organization were hired to provide security by Henry Clay Frick, leading to a clash with striking steel workers. For the point, name this detective agency that attempted to contain the Homestead Strike. ANSWER: Pinkerton National Detective Agency

(15) While being held prisoner on the Beekman Estate, this man’s request for both a Bible and a member of the Clergy was denied. In a conversation with William Hull, John Montresor gave an account of this man’s death. The loyalist Consider Tiffany wrote an account of this man’s capture, which occurred after he was recognized by Major Robert Rogers in New York City. For the point, name this American who legendarily stated “I only regret that I have one life to give for my country” before he was hanged for spying. ANSWER: Nathan Hale

(16) A Supreme Court decision centered on this institution was upheld in a later case named for an Ohioan, Ralph Osborn. Both Louis McLane and William Duane defied instructions to gut this institution. Its second director, Langdon Cheves, rectified the disastrous mismanagement of its first head, William Jones. The inability of a state to tax this institution was the decision in McCulloch v. .A cartoon depicted this institution as a many-headed serpent fighting Andrew Jackson. For the point, name this financial institution headed by Nicholas Biddle. ANSWER: Second Bank of the United States (prompt on Bank of the United States, Second National Bank, Second BUS, or Osborn v. Bank of the United States)

Page 3 USHB Nationals Bee 2015-16 Bee Round 3

(17) John Holmes wrote the pamphlet Letter to the People of Maine in support of this law; in a letter to Holmes, Thomas Jefferson wrote that the concern of this law, “like a fire bell in the night...filled me with terror.” In December 1860, John J. Crittenden proposed extending this agreement to the Pacific. This agreement was ruled unconstitutional in the Dred Scott ruling after having been superseded by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. For the point, name this 1820 agreement that prohibited slavery in the territories north of the 36’30” parallel. ANSWER: Missouri Compromise

(18) Jack McGurn may have planned this event in response to a planned attempt on his life. A group of former “Egan’s Rats” may have played a role in this event, which took place on Clark Street in . The Gusenberg brothers died in this event, with Frank refusing to identify the perpetrators or even admit being shot. The victims of this event were lured to a warehouse with a suggestion of a job running illegal whiskey. Four unknown assailants carried out, for the point, what 1929 attack on Bugs Moran’s forces that was probably ordered by Al Capone? ANSWER: Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre

(19) Description acceptable. William Brazel recovered debris from this event on the Foster Ranch. As Governor, Bill Richardson attempted to unseal documents related to this event. Investigation into this event was only popularly demanded decades after the fact, explained by some sociologists as a growth of post-Watergate society’s popular acceptance of conspiracy theories. For the point, name this 1947 event, officially explained as a weather balloon crash in the New Mexico desert but commonly believed to have been a covered-up crash of extraterrestrials. ANSWER: Roswell UFO incident (accept any description of aliens crashing/being found/etc. at Roswell)

(20) The Castello Plan was an early map of this city. Asser Levy and other Jewish refugees from Brazil controversially immigrated to this city, despite the objections of a governor known as “Old Silver Leg.” Legendarily, the island containing this colonial city was bought with trinkets and beads by Peter Minuit. This city was turned over to the English by Governor Peter Stuyvesant. For the point, what city was the capital of New Netherland and was renamed New York? ANSWER: New Amsterdam (prompt on New York; prompt on New Orange; do not prompt on Amsterdam)

(21) A cartoon depicting this politician shows him being slapped by Lady Columbia while Uncle Sam looks on. He chopped up Henry Clay’s “Omnibus” bill into separate pieces that would form the Compromise of 1850. A piece of legislation created by this politician sought to make a transcontinental railroad but was criticized in the Peoria Speech. For the point, name this politician who authored the Kansas-Nebraska Act and competed in an 1858 series of debates with . ANSWER: Stephen Douglas

Page 4 USHB Nationals Bee 2015-16 Bee Round 3

(22) A rhyme about this event claimed one participant “hid behind a bunch of thistle.” It stemmed from a letter sent from Charles Cooper to a third party, calling one participant in this event “a dangerous man” who “ought not to be trusted with the reins of government.” It took place on the Heights of Weehawken in New Jersey, and historians still debate if one of the two participants ever had any intention of firing. For the point, name this July 11, 1804, event in which the Vice President mortally wounded a former Secretary of the Treasury. ANSWER: the duel between Aaron Burr Jr. and Alexander Hamilton (prompt on partial answers; must have all three components)

(23) The term “bug-out fever” was used during this war to describe one side’s rapid retreat. One battle in this war focused on taking Sniper Ridge as well as Triangle Hill. A major battle in this war took place at Changjin Lake, although one side’s use of leftover maps from a Japanese occupation led to it being named Chosin Reservoir. Douglas MacArthur landed at Inchon during this war, which allowed the recovery of UN Forces. For the point, name this war in which communist forces crossed the 38th Parallel to capture Seoul. ANSWER: Korean War

(24) This publication published Sabrina Erdely’s reporting of an incident involving seven members of Phi Kappa Psi and a woman called “Jackie;” that report was retracted after a Washington Post inquiry determined the incident did not occur at a Charlottesvile-based university. This magazine’s August 2013 cover was criticized for “glorifying terrorism” after the Boston Marathon bombing. For the point, name this pop culture magazine, criticized for its cover image of Dzhokar Tsarnaev [jo-karr zar-NYE-ev] and its erroneous reporting of a rape case at the University of . ANSWER: Rolling Stone

(25) Marquis de Vaudreuil [vohd-roo-ee] commissioned this location, which was defended by the Lotbini´ere redoubt and sat near the mouth of the La Chute River. James Abercrombie led a failed attack on this location that resulted in the death of George Howe. A year after that battle, Jeffery Amherst managed to successfully capture this location for the British. This location was also assaulted by Benedict Arnold, who managed to capture it with the aid of Ethan Allen’s Green Mountain Boys. For the point, name this fort located near Lake Champlain. ANSWER: Fort Ticonderoga (accept Fort Carillon)

(26) One namesake of this law, who probably lost re-election thanks to it, was the subject of hearings about the status of polygamy in the LDS Church. This law was opposed by Paul Douglas and Irving Fisher, who distributed a petition attacking it signed by 1,028 opponents. This law modified a law passed eight years prior that was named for Joseph Fordney and Porter McCumber. Henry Ford failed to convince Herbert Hoover to veto, for the point, what 1930 law raised U.S. tariffs on imported goods to record levels? ANSWER: Smoot-Hawley Tariff (Act, Bill, or Law; accept names in either order; accept Tariff Act of 1930 before “1930”)

Page 5 USHB Nationals Bee 2015-16 Bee Round 3

(27) This man decided to not meet with Joel Chandler Harris after he heard that lynching victim Sam Hose’s knuckles were on display; that event was recounted in this man’s second autobiography, Dusk of Dawn. This man wrote that African-Americans were going to be saved by “exceptional men,” leading to his theory that a “talented tenth” of blacks should be given a classical education. With William Monroe Trotter, this man led the Niagara Movement. For the point, name this author of The Souls of Black Folk who helped found the NAACP. ANSWER: William Edward Burghardt Du Bois

(28) Paid demonstrators ventured to this state during the Brooks Brothers riot. An employee of this state, Theresa LePore, designed an item that may have confused hundreds of Jewish residents. People in this state were confused by “butterfly ballots” that may have prompted them to vote for Pat Buchanan. For the point, what state was the site of a contentious recount battle involving “hanging chads” that was resolved by the Supreme Court case Bush v. Gore during the election of 2000? ANSWER: Florida

(29) Despite official reports, Harlon Block, not Henry Hansen, participated in this event. This event was caused by James Forrestal’s desire for a souvenir. A song about a participant in this event includes the lyrics “among those who hung it high/Was the Indian, .” created a Marine War memorial based on ’s photograph of this event. For the point, name this event in which a group of soldiers signified that the United States had captured . ANSWER: raising the American flag on (accept equivalents; accept Mount Suribachi for Iwo Jima before it is read; prompt on partial answers)

(30) After this battle, George Templeton Strong wrote “today will be known as Black Monday.” The winning side in this battle lost both Francis Bartow and Barnard Bee; the latter encouraged his troops on Henry House Hill by pointing out a colleague’s actions. After it took place, Irvin McDowell was effectively replaced by George McClellan. Thomas Jackson earned the nickname “Stonewall” at, for the point, what July 21, 1861 battle, the first major engagement in the war? ANSWER: First Battle of Bull Run (or First Battle of Manassas)

(31) In 2015, ProPublica released a report about the “Killing” of a prominent supplier of this resource, noting that a 1922 law established allocation of this resource among seven states but overestimated production by at least 10%. A Colorado state law forbids the use of barrels to collect this resource, which is often measured in acre-feet. For the point, name this resource, of which over a gallon is needed to produce a single almond, that is lacking in California thanks to years of drought. ANSWER: water (accept specific types, like fresh water or groundwater)

(32) This party employed a vicious writer known as “Peter Porcupine.” This party was relentlessly attacked by Benjamin Franklin Bache’s Philadelphia Aurora newspaper. Actions of this party led to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which declared that states had the power to nullify national laws. This party was humiliated by its support for the vaguely treasonous Hartford Convention during the War of 1812. For the point, name this political party of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. ANSWER: Federalist Party

Page 6 USHB Nationals Bee 2015-16 Bee Round 3

(33) This jurist wrote an opinion ruling in favor of nursing student Joe Hogan, who was denied admission to Mississippi University for Women, and speculated in Gruter v. Bollinger that affirmative action would no longer be necessary in twenty-five years. This Justice was confirmed with a 99-0 vote to replace Potter Stewart in 1981, and was in turn replaced by Samuel Alito in 2006 after her retirement. For the point, name this first woman to serve on the Supreme Court. ANSWER: Sandra Day O’Connor

(34) During this project, white workers were put on the “Gold” payroll, while workers of other races were put on the “Silver” payroll. John Finley Wallace briefly led this effort, during which Dr. Walter Reed made his discovery that yellow fever was spread by mosquitoes. For the point, name this decade-long project that ended the need to sail around Cape Horn to go from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans by cutting a series of locks through a Central American isthmus. ANSWER: building the Panama Canal (accept equivalent descriptions; prompt on partial answers)

(35) In 2015, the failure to receive this service cost no less than $325 per person per year. The Supreme Court case NFIB v. Sebelius upheld an individual mandate requiring the purchase of this service, with Chief Justice John Roberts describing it as a tax. Employers are the most common provider of this service, though a series of state-based marketplaces were opened in 2014 to provide it. For the point, name this service provided by PPOs, HMOs, and Medicare, in which premiums are paid in exchange for coverage of medical expenses. ANSWER: health insurance (prompt on insurance)

Extra Question

Only read if moderator botches a question. (1) This man earned his Senate seat after giving the “Gold Star reply” to defeat primary challenger Howard Metzenbaum. In 1999, this man was the subject of geriatric experiments aboard Discovery, making him the only crew member of both a Mercury and a Space Shuttle mission. For the point, name this former Senator from Ohio who became both the first American to orbit the Earth and, in 1999, the oldest astronaut in history. ANSWER: John Glenn

Page 7