5934 EXTENSIONS .OF ':REMARKs: March 10, 1975 H.R. 2468. Jan'uary 30, 1975. Inter.state and H.R. 2478. January 30, 1975. Ways and H.R. 2490. January 30, 1975. Ways and. Foreign Commerce. Defines the term. "food Means Suspends for 90 days the authority of Means. Amends the Social Security Act to supplement" as it appears in the Federal the President to increase tariffs on petroletlm extend Medicare hospital coverage to include Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Disallows the or petroleum products. · ·' · drugs. Establishes a Formulary Committee requirement of warning labels for and the H.R. 2479. January 30, 1975. Education and within the Department of Health, Education, limiting of ingredients in "food supple­ Labor. Authorizes the Commissioner of Edu­ and Welfare to prepare and maintain a listing ments" by the Secretary of Health, Educa­ cation to make grants for the esta·blishm&nt of qualified drugs. tion, and Welfare unless such article is in­ or improvement of educational programs for H.R. 2491. January 30, 1975. Ways and trinsically injurious to health in the recom­ children of migrant agricultural employees. Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Cocl.e mended dosage. H.R. 2480. January 30, 1975. Post Office to allow an individual a limit-ed credit against H.R. 2469. January 30, 1975. Veterans' Af­ and Civil Service. Requires the Postal Service the tax imposed for amounts paid by him fairs. Directs the Secretary of the Army to to consult with agencies of State and local during the taxable year as tuition for the establish a national cemetery in Arizona. government regarding the ·construct·ion of education in a private nonprofit elementary H.R. 2470. January 30, 1975. Judiciary. In­ certain Postal Service facilities.: Establishes or secondary school of any dependent for stitutes the same penalties for crimes against hearing procedures with respect to proposals whom he may claim a personal. an Indian by an Indian as when the victim for such construction. H.R. 2492. January 30, 1975. Foreign Af­ or perpetrator is non-Indian. H.R. 2481. January 30, 1975. Agriculture. fairs. Authorizes the President to provide H.R. 2471. January 30, 1975. Government Prohibits increases in the portion of income famine and disaster relief assistance to any Operations. Amends the Employment Act ·of to be paid by the elderly for food coupons foreign country in such form as he may 1946 by requiring the consideration and re­ under the Food Stamp Act of 1964. determine. porting of the stability of the general price H.R. 2482. January 30, 1975. Ways and Sets forth procedures for the President level by the President, the Council of Eco­ Means. Amends the Internal Revenue ·Code to follow in furnishing agricultural com­ nomic advisers, and the Joint Economic to allow a limited credit against tax or a modity assistance abroad. Committee, in addition to other economic. limited deduction from income equal to the Amends the Agricultural Trade Develop­ indicators. ordinary and necessary expenses paid dur­ ment and Assistance Act to increase the H.R. 2471. January 30, 1975. Interstate and ing the taxable year for the improvement agricultural self-reliance of friendly· coun­ Foreign Commerce. Authorizes the Secretary of the thermal design of the principal resi­ tries. of Health, Education, and Welfare, under the dence of the taxpayer. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 Public Health Services Act, to make grants H.R. 2483. January 30, 1975. Ways and by appropriating funds for certain programs and enter into contracts for projects to pro­ Means. Amends the Social Security Act by for fiscal years 1976 and 1977. vide Huntington's disease screening, and re­ redefining "United States" to include Guam, H.R. 2493. January 30, 1975. Judiciary. search in the diagnosis, treatment, and pre­ Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands for the Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to pay vention of Huntington's disease. Directs the purpose of satisfying the residence require­ a specified sum to a certain corporation in Secretary to disseminate information on ment for entitlement, as an uninsured indi­ full settlement of such corporation's claims. Huntington's disease and to provide volun­ vidual, to Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability against the United States for additional ex­ tary screening, counseling, and treatment Insurance benefits at age 72. penses incurred as the result of administra­ therefor within the Public Health Service. H.R. 2484. January 30, 1975. Government tive error by personnel of the Federal Com-. H.R. 2473. January 30, 1975. Merchant Ma­ Operations. Declares that the fiscal year for munications Commission in connection with. rine and Fisheries. Sets forth restrictions Qn the Federal and District of Columbia govern­ such corporation's application for a television. the taking of, or interstate dealing in, un­ ments shall coincide with the calendar year. station. dersize and egg-bearing spiny rock lobsters. Directs the Director of the Office of Manage­ H.R. 2494. January 30, 1975. Agriculture. H.R. 2474. January 30, 1975. Ways and ment and Budget to oversee the transition Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to cpn­ Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code of Federal agencies and instrumentalities to vey to the Boy Scouts of Ameripa certain to allow as a refund the excise tax paid on such fiscal year. land in Chequamegon National Forest, Wis-, tread rubber used for certain purposes. . H.R. 2485. January 30, 1975. Judiciary. In­ con~in. H.R. 2475. January 30, 1975. Agriculture. corporates Recovery, Incorporated, · a 'mental H.R. 2495. · January 30, 1975. Judiciary.; Amends the Agricultural Act of 1949 by health recovery organization. Authorizes classification of a certain individ­ establishing the support price for milk at H.R. 2486. January 30, 1975·. Ways and ual as a child for purposes of the Immigra:-. not less than 80 percent of the parity price Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code tion and Nationality Act. . therefor. to allow as a credit against ·the income tax H.R. 2496. January 30, 1975. Interior and H.R. 2476. January 30, 1975. Interstate and amounts paid by the taxpayer during the Insular Affairs. Directs the Secretary of the Foreign Commerce. Directs the Secretary of taxable year for public transit transporta­ Interior to convey to a certain indivtdual all Health, Education, and Welfare to establish tion from his place of residence to his place right, title, and interest of the United States. and maintain a program to reimburse pro­ of employment. in certain land in Mississippi. viders of utility services to certi.fied house­ - H.R. 2487. January 30, · 1975. Ways and H.R. 2497. January 30, 1975. Interior and holds and landlords for a percentage of the Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code Insular Affairs. Stipulates that the convey­ cost of such utility services. to allow a tax deduction to tenants for their ance of certain land by the Southern Paci:fic H.R. 2477. January 30, 1975. Interstate and proportionate share of the taxes and interest Transportation Company shall have the &a.me Foreign Commerce. Directs the Securities paid by their landlords. force and effect as if the land conveyed. had and Exchange Commission, pursuant to the H.R. 2488. January 30, 1975. Ways and been held on the date of conveyance und~r Securities Exchange Act of 1934, to establish Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code absolute fee simple title by such company, a National Securities Market System which to tax unmarried individuals at the same subject to a reservation to the United States shall link all of the country's securities mar­ rate as married individuals filing jointly, of the minerals therein. kets, wherever located, to maintain, at a and to apply the same requirements for re­ H.R. 2498. January 30, 1975. Judiciary. minimum, a national securities transaction quiring a declaration of .estimated income Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to pay ~ reporting system, and a composite quotation ·tax and for withholding income tax froz:n a specified sum to a certain individual in system for reporting bid and offered quota­ full settlement of such individual's claims tions for all securities qualit:ted for trading wages. H.R. 2489. January 30, 1975. Ways and against the United States for expenditures in the Syste~. incurred in pursuing a certain invention. Directs the Commission to form a fifteen­ Means. Amends the Social ·Security Act by removing certain limitations on the amount H.R. 2499. January 30, 1975. Judiciary. member National Market Board, composed Declares a certain individual eligible for of persons knowledgeable of securities mar­ payable by the Federal Government to States naturalization under the Immigration and ket practice, to regulate the National Marke~ as grants for social services under Federal­ Nationality Act. System. State public assistance programs. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS asked about the citizens of the.newly formed MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN proved herself to be an outstanding ex­ United States of America. · ample for her peers and a credit to the Almost two hundred years later, I reflect state of Minnesota. I am passing along on these same questions and ask, "Who am I HON. BILL FRENZEL her winning speech "My Responsibility as an American? What are my responsibil1ties OF MINNESOTA as a Citizen" and recommend. its content as a citizen?" IN THE HOUSE OF REPI;l.E.SEl~q.' ATIV~!3 to you. Perhaps part of the answer ·may be found MY RESPONSIBILITY. AS _ A CITIZEN in the word "responsib111ty" itself. It is a Monday, March 10, · ~97~ (By Dawn Knutson) derivative of the L'atin. verb -''respon.dere~~. Mr. FREN.ZEL. .Mr; Speaker, .i. .. am "What then is 'the· American? Who is· this which means "to answel'''; Thus, as a member proud to announce that the·VFW Voiae newman?" ·' ' of this country, I must strive to answer. . j.ts of Democracy State winner this year is These questions were posed in 1793 by the needs as I am able to. Differences in who we from my district. Dawn Knutson has French author Jean de Grevecoeur, who are determine the different ways in whiGh Ma-rch 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5935

we are able to answer _our coun~ry, but JoE RAUB AN INTEGRATED LIFE secretaries, and metal cabinets. No separate some obligations are readily app_a.rent. (By Stephen Gillers) wai~ room. No recessed llghting. No fancy The first of these 1s awareness. As a young conference area and library. No expensive person, I must realize that awareness ln· "It's necessary to lead a~ integrat~d life," furniture. Off the secretarial area were four volves a constant search for truth. I must says Joe Rauh, smlling affably, waving his lawyers' offices. Raub's was cluttered-an old have an awareness of history, for only arms and blocking the view of a rainy Con­ wooden desk, an inexpensive couch half­ through knowing what has gone before can I necticut Avenue outside his office window. filled with papers, a small conference table anticipate what is to come. I must be aware "You're happier if you lead an integrated and bookcase. Books and papers were every­ of the happenings in both the local, national, life." where. The office was friendl:- and unintimi­ and world situation. A wide knowledge will Joe Bauh has a friend who is the senior dating. How different from what I was used strengthen my opinions and positions on partner at a large Washington law firm. to on Park Avenue! There waa no ambience topics. The realization that the strength of Rauh and his friend belong to a certain or­ except the decent and jovial informality of any one country lies in the unity and ac­ ganization. "Chavez is its biggest project," Joe Rauh himself. tion of all its peoples will keep my mind open Rauh says. "It supports the lettuce boycott, I returned last November to learn more. and free of the obstacles of bigotry and the grape boycott and the Gello wine boy­ I had been lucky. In the half-dozen years apathy. Another of my mos:J; important ob­ cott. And my friend believes strongly in these since graduating from law school, I'd had. the ligations is involvement. Millions before me things .. He actively s~pports . Chavez. People good :fortune to work with excellent people. have sacrificed their . time, . energy, even began picketi~g · Washington liquor stores But I still did not know how or if it was pos­ their lives, giving me the opportunities I that sell Gallo wi.n~. The li'luor stores got sible to continue earning a living p1·acticing hold as an American. So, too, must I be will- together and brought a· lawsuit to stop the law while remaining true to personal prin­ . ing to give of myself. -Not only must I be picketing. Who do you think represented the ciples. I did not know how or if it was pos­ willing to act when called upon, I must ex­ liquor stores?" ' . . sible to ''integrate" your work and your tend myself. Inspired by the accomplish­ Rauh's friend. life. I knew all the arguments about the . ments of those who have gone. before me, I Who do you th~k succesSfully represented proper role of an advocate-who should have realize that democracy is a. continuous quest, the picketers? Rauh. · . · no qualms about arguing any side of any a constant challenge. -I accept this challenge. Rauh says his friend is leading a "schizo­ issue-and I made no moral judgments about I accept the risk my freedom involves. My phrenic life ; .. he does. things contrary to people who subscribed to these. Someone had duty is to act on this challenge, to exercise his ideology. I p.~ve ~lW!lYS .tried to represent to. I simply did not want to be one of them. my rights in a constructive manner; to vote, as a lawyer posi,tio~s I believe _in as a. per- As far as possible, I wanted my work as a to serve, to take a stand. · · · son." , . . . lawyer to be not only consistent With but A third aspect of my responsibility as a You can't read the newspapers and not integrally related to and in support of my citizen is respect. In days such as these, know Joe Rauh. He's everywhere. He repre­ interests as a person. · when time-honored practices, laws, and sented Lillian Hellman and Arthur Miller so I went to see Joe Rauh, wondering what principles of our government are constantly during the House Un-American Activities his secret was, wondering how he became, being questioned and challenged, it is essen­ Committee hearings in the 1950s. He won e. as New York University Law School Professor tial to remember that respect for laws and major Supreme Court decision limiting the Norman Dorsen describes him, "an original principles, as well as for each other, is im­ ability of that committee to use it investi­ and consistent public interest lawyer, in the gative powers for purposes of exposure. Wat· perative if W.! are to succeed as a united Brandeis tradition.·~ people. For every right we hold as citizens, so, kins 'v. United States ( 1957). In 1946, he was '"I've had a great deal of luck," is Joe too is there an understood duty to allow an· organizer of Americans for Democratic Raub's explanation. Words like "luck" and others that same right. Just as it will be my Action and later became its National Chair­ "accident" are repeated throughout his con­ right to vote, so must I grant others. this man. He· represented govElrnment employees versation. And perhaps there was some luck. right, accepting and abiding by the deCisio_n and others charged ~nder ~he repressive Certainly Joe Rauh's first job after grad­ of the majority, even if I disagree. Just as 1t loyalty-security programs of the 1940s and uating from Harvard Law School in 1935 was is my right to hold and express my political 1950s. , a lucky one. He clerked for Supreme Court and religious beliefs, it is my duty to tolerate He has been acpive in .the ;oemoc~atic Justice Benjamin Cardozo. His second job · the beliefs of others without ridicule. Party, both nationally and h Washington, was also lucky. He clerked for Sup1·eme Court our forefathers formed America. on the for many years. In 1964, against the wishes of Justice Felix Frankfurter. Pictures of both basis of their dreams that humanity should President Johnson an!f of his own cl~ent and men decorate his office. ·be liberated and men and their minds should good friend, Waite~; ;R~-q.t4er, he fo'!lght . 1i9 After his clerkships, Rauh was lucky again. be freed. As a citizen, I must answer their seat the Mississippi Fre~dom Democratic He got a job as a lawyer in the Wage and call by preserving and guarding these pre­ Party at the Dem~ratic National Conven­ tion. Recently, he represented the late Jock Hour Administration. "At that time the mini­ cious ideals. It is my right to share in the mum wage was 25 cents an hour. When the prosperity of our country and its many gifts. Yablonski in Yablonfik~'s challenge to Tony first list of violators came through, I went It is my duty to converse these gifts for the Boyle's lea(\ership of the United Mine Work­ over it with my boss. The main ' violators use of others. · ers. After Yablonski, .his wife, and their daughter were killed, Rauh forced a federal were in the apparel industry.:_knit goods, General Dwight Eisenhower once said: investigation that proved the murders were textile people, all of them Jewish. 'Here "When I die, I want to leave a piece of land instigated by the UMW leadership. He then we've got a fine situatioll,~ my boss said. better than I found it." went on to successfully represent Arnold 'What do' we do?' Well, we talked to Ben we, you and I, must unite in this common Miller, now UMW president. Joe Rauh has Cohen. Like everything else, whenever we had goal. Given the tools of freedom, justice, and for fifteen years, officially and unofiicially, a problem we went to see Ben Cohen. Ben opportunity, let us never cease in our efforts been general counsel to the Leadership Con­ Cohen told us that it was no problem. Jews to improve and build upon this land, our ference on Civil Rights. His name appears were enforcing the law and Jews were vio­ land. Let us leave to the following genera­ whenever there is an important civil rights lating the law. He didn't see any problem." tion-a land more honest, more free, more struggle or lobbying effort. He was part of After serving on General MacArthur's staff just than we, ourselves, h_ave fo':lnd it to be. the civil rights and civil liberties moveme~ts in the Southwest Pacific from 1942 to 1945, even before they were movements. To a kid Rauh returned to Washington, where he growing up reading The New York Times in · worked brie:tly for the government before the 1950s and 1960s, the name "Joseph L. beginning private · practice in 1947. One of JOSEPH RAUH Rauh, Jr." seemed to belong to more than his first clients was the United Au~ Work­ one person. . ers. Rauh had met Walter Reuther before How did he do it? Where did he come leaving for the war. from? What did he think? From what baro­ "It wa.S 1989 or 1940," he recalls. "Reuther HON. CHARLES 8~ RANGEL nial W~ington, D.C., office did he operate had come to Washington with a plan to st_op OF NEW' :Yoa~ his empire? It's nice.1i9 talk about leading an. making ·automobiles and to start ~aking IN THE HOUSE OF REP~ESENTATIVES integrated life, but was it possible to do planes. President Roosevelt had said that evertyhing Joei Rauh, did and still make a America would start making 50,000 plane~ a Monday, lllarch 1(), 1975 living? There are m.any lawyers who do goo~ year. Well, we were only making five planes things for humanity, _but wJ:lo all:;o 1·epresent a year at the time. Reuther's plan was to use Mr. RANGEL. Mr-. Speaker, as we in the auto factories to make airplanes. Phil Congress fight to expand the civil rights polluters, banks, or ~~ companies on the side, and who say they could not afford to do one Graham and I helped get him an audienc~. " and civil liberties of all Americans,-there without the other. Reuther and the UA W both had strong in­ is no stronger ally than Joe Raub. His Although I've been reading about him for terests in civil liberties. As a result, Rauh got career has been dedicated to using the paid ("though not much") for handling civil years, I did not meet Joe Rauh until 1972. I Uberties cases. Watkins, for example, was law as a tool with which to expand the was impressed by his unimpressive office. It rights of our people. funded by the UAW. was as open as the man. He was on the fourth Rauh' started private practice and began · I am pleased to share with my col­ :floor of an unstylish Washington building. to organize the ADA at about the same time. leagues an article on Joseph Raub which The door to his suite was painted metal and "It must have been subconscious, now that I appeared in the February issue of Juris the names on it were inexpensive plastic. In­ think of lt," he says, "though I did not think Doctor: side were a large room with a coat rack, two about lt then. I am not a very lntrospec1ve 5936 EXTENSIONS C>F 'REMARKS March :10;· -19-7·5 guy. But when you -ask me questions,· I've they did something ·bad. Twe:nt1-five ' ~ears was an eye · opener. · Unti:l recently, I ·had got to think about it in order to answer ago, the law was very.. anti-.~tt&rneyls··f-ees joined in stereotype ·against prosecutors."· · them. So I guess if you're going ·to be the because it was felt that. they enCQuraged. What did Raub think about the institu- . head of a liberal organization like the ADA, litigation. Today, it .is recognized · .that if a tions of the bar? It troubled me;· I told him, you then have to handle liberal· cases· as· a person is going to sue in the public interest, that large firms, representing large and pow­ lawyer. · · · · · · he should be paid. I believe the future lies erful vested interests, are increasingly com­ "At that time, the only civil libertieS cases with the public interest law firms and law­ ing to control the ·bar associations and mak­ you could do were loyalty-security cases. This yers and their abUity to . ge~ a~q:pwY. ~ S .fees. ing the rules, and that lawyers more and was the 1940s. There was McCarthyism long In years when our firm ~oesn':t have fees more are acting and thinking like business­ before there was McCarthy. ·McCarthy Was paid by the other side, \ve ·do not have what men rather than members of a profession. just the logical extension of what was hap- in this town could be considered a '.financial- "I have no !eel for that. I have not been pening in the country. Truman's loyalty- ly successful year.'" . . a member of bar associations. I'd rather security program began in 1948." But another secret ; a m ajor factor in blast the bar associations than join them. A pattern begins to emerge. If you have Rauh's ability t o be selective, is size. There The bar associations here wouldn't let blacks strong beliefs and you live and a.ct on them, are five lawyers in Raub's office, all partners. in unt il about 15 years ago. 41so, you had it becomes increasingly difficult to cut off a The last joined in 1968. Raub· says "that to sign an oath that you were not a Com­ big part of your life, your "professional" life, "keeping the office sm-all is deliberate. Every­ munist. When a wonderful guy became pres­ and beha.ve in it as though the rest of what one says, 'Joe, you wouldn't have to work so ident, he said, 'If I get the Communist Party you believed and did was unrelated. The con- hard if you had a bigger firm.' This is un­ oath changed, will you join?' I ·said I would tradictions between your personal life and adulterated nonsense. When you expand you if it didn't mean I had to go to meetings. your professional lite gnaw at you and, H do things you don't really believe in, in order He got it changed, and so I joined. But I you're a person of ordinary sensibilities, must to make ends meet. If you are going to do don't go to meetings." inevitably take their toll on your health and the kinds of things I lpt.e to Q.o, you better But then Rauh shows me a let ter he wrote pea.ce of mind. Raub's law practice is an ex- stay small." Rauh receives about five letters to the Washington Post in the summer· of tension of his lite. He does not have to rec- a week from job-seeking law graduates. All 1973, while the ABA conventk>n was being oncile the two or rigidly separate them. And reeclve a polite turndown. "We are a small held in the capital. The letter shows th~t so there is a kind of spiral. One feeds and firm,'' he explains in response. · Raub does have a feel for this issue. In his supports the other. They become·, as Raub A recent case provides an interesting ex­ letter, he called on the association · to scrap explains, integrated rather than schizophren- ample of the kind of litigation Raub attracts its "business-as-usual agenda at the up­ ic. As a result, Raub has been able to ·repre- and that ends up with a generous fee paid coming meeting" and devot& ·~the entire pro­ sent .issues in which he :believes. He hasn't by the opponent. During World War II, the ceedings to considering remedies for the been tied to a particular client or interest. American assets o! Japanese-owned bust­ present crisis in the profession." Indeed, Raub is free to switch sides while re- nesses, incl~ding money ~eposite(i in certain "Somewhere along the Une,'' he wrote, maining consistent with himself. California banks, were seized under the Trad- "from law schObl to admission to the bar "On Monday, I filed two briefs in the United ing with the Enemy Act. A!t!'lr the war, the and on through the practice of law, some­ States Supreme Court;• Rauh told me. "One government offered to retru·n the seized thing has gone wrong. Somewhere considera­ was for a union and the other was against a money, but at the postwar yen-to-dollar con­ tions of public interest and support for the union on behalf of some of its dissident version rate, which was about two percent rule of law . . . dropped out of the vision of members claiming . a la.ck of union democ- of the pre-war rate. About 4,100 Japanese­ too many lawY-ers. Somewhere the clients' ra.cy. I like the fa.ct that I was able to do Americans did not accept the exchange or interest became identical with right .even to tha.t. If I wanted, I CQuld just represent contest the government's act1ons. within the the extent that the end justified the means. union dissidents now. After a while, people sixty-day limitation period. The government Just look at the ·current scene: oorporate began to think of you in a certain capacity. refused to pay them· anything. Proba1Jly be­ lawyers attacking . ever~ ~overnmerital re~.­ People know of your interest in civil liberties, cause of J«iuh's wide reputation as a lawyer ulation in the interest of the co~sumer •..~~:p.­ so you get civil liberties cases." for the black civil rights movement, the doning and defending it no~ participating ip Still, how many lawyers have sta1·ted out ·head of the Japanese-American Citizens price-fixing, representing t~e _ m.anage':rp.e~t working for the angels and switched to the League went to see him. of companies rather thari their stockholders; other, more lucrative side? How many lawyers ''He complained that. Japanese citizens "superlawyers" l~bbyi,ng' tO · defenci" ·a.:n<(il:~­ moved from the plaintiffs' to the defendants' were not geting rep~l~ tJ;le .money that was gravate tax loopholes while obstructing ~very side of stockholders' derivative actions? From due them," Rauh rememf?~rs. "I told him it social program for want of funds;" lawyers union to m.anagemen~ representation? From was hopeless. There was ·a sixty-day 'statute for unions in obvious conflict of interest lobbying for social change to lobbying for of limitations to claim payment ana· it had furthering the regimes of corrupt, incum­ G.M.? From representation of environmen- run. He said, 'All you care about is black peo­ bent officers :who continue to oppress the talists to representation of their enemies? ple! Well, when he said that, I really got members whose dues pay the lawyers: And And so on. Why not Joe Rauh? mad. I said, •okay, it you think that, here we all this and more is ratified by legal cli~­ "I didn't have any temptations,'' Rauh says go.' And I took the case.". ciplinary committees, staffed from the vet:r smiling, then adds, "but also don't misun- Ra.uh lost in the dis:trict court and in the firms that engage in these practiqes, w:Qo derstand, I didn't ha.ve that many offers court of appeals. The Supr.eme court unan­ look the other way and spend their time i~.­ either. In the simplest terms, it was fun. I've I.mously reversed and ordered f~ pay­ vestigating overzealous representation by had more fun representing the people I've ment, about $10 million. Honda v. Clark lawyers defending individual rights and represented than I could re~resenting G.M. (1967). "We got a generous fee from the ·gov­ minor infractions by impoverished membei;s Who the hell thought that m one lifetime, ernment as part of the settlement," Raub of the bar." · you could represent Marilyn Monroe, A. . adds. · Strong stuff. You don't hear criticisn}s Phllip Randolph, Jock Yablonski, a.nd the What would Raub do today it he suddenly like that very often from "successf¢" United Mine Workers? I don't want anyone found himself a recent law s.chool.gi·aduate? lawyers. But Rauh is not original. More than to thtnk there's been any sacrifice in all this. Is it possible to repeat the patterns of a life? a half-century ago, Louis Brandeis lamented "Also, you know, anybody who has had Would he want to? · the same professional failure when he s~id, the advantage of working for Ben Cohen, "Every time offers its own -J>Or5$1bilities. If "For nearly a generation the leaders of the Felix Frank!urter, and Tom Corcoran. wtn Stephen Gillers and gr~':lated. fr<>m l~w bar ... have not only failed to take part have the pt!Henry Ford I, then the industry's one local board in each of our 3,000 There is much food for thought in the leader, reacted to the challenge in a manner counties to evaluate exemptions. Advertiser-Tribune's commentary, and both instructive and worthy of emulation. I 1 d to i rt its dit 'al t Nevins and Hill, in their authorized biog- The success, such as ~t was! ~n World am P ease nse e or1 in he 1'$;\PhY o~ the Fo~d Motot: Company, tell the Wa_r ll .has been highly pu:tJbCized. ~Ut CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for the benefit of story th~s way: .. ; by midsummer the sltua:- ~Qat .w.as hardly a comparable situation~ my .col.leagues. tion had bticome menacing. Sales were fall- · The war was·.a .d.ramatic short-term crisis .. Oua . VIEWP<>INT · . ·ing off, y~t t~~ costs .o :f .' ra~ · ~a1;erials con~ ~hat ·inspired . a patriotic .willingness U? : There are a few people loudly saying the 'tlnued high. To .,nalntalu' prodq.cti9n and sacrifice. Today we ate faced with a less · government is to blame and should ball us "'; .~ .' inc,ome, · so~e ~ind of wii.ard.ry was re-: But is that really . the answer? Or is it ·a ear prices-and he knew that a drastic step ber, and was thus understood by ~>Ur convenient way to place blame, an easy kind :was necessary-would mean that for some citizens. of remedy? . ~ime he would sell every model.at a loss. Furthermore, in 1944, there were 25 It seems to-us that more government inter- . He called a conference of high Ford Motor million ears in the United States, and vention in our business ll!e has never been Company officials, informed them of his automobile production was curtailed for an adequate solution to economic dlftlcultles. ~ntentlon, and )lade them plan reductions. the duration. Today we are driving in Witness the railroads ... or the Post Office .•• .They worked out a set of figures. Ford glanced excess of 100 million cars and they ·are or so-ealled wage-price controls. .Wouldn"t we at these, and announced abruptly that the less en gy ffi. i t th ' th f be better off With less government bureau- cuts were too small. er e c en an ose o 30 cratic control? They tried to argue with him, aud he got years ago. We really don't believe the government mad. He' pulled out a piece of paper with .Some of the questions raised, which should put taxpayers hard-earned dollars­ penciled prices .on it and said "There gentle- would have to be addressed by the net- yours and our&-to the task of propping up men, there are your prices." The men were work of agencies set up to administer a falling private business enterprises. Taxpay­ astonlshed. They told hi;m the company rationing program, would be: ers should no-t have to bear the bqrden of would go broke on those prices. He asked for How would a resale or white market mismanaged aircraft companies, banks, atr- ~he paper back and reduced 2 cars even be dm'-~ te d d/ ted? H lines or railroads. furtllet. · . · · . . · . . . - a ~ms re ..aJ;l or regu1 .a . : ow , But our viewpoint isn't shared by some . . The first Jn the industry to' act,· Ford IS g~lme all~a~d over th~ various in- state governors, either. At the .recent gover- · · · startled ·the Nation and his' coin'petioors on dustrial spectrum~ of the country-sue~ ; nora convention many_fiailed at the Ford ad-· · September 21, 1920, by the siZe ·of'the cuts. · as farming, trucking, tourism, construe- ministration for not having the federal bu~ · ·The· immediate respc)nse or: a number of · tion, petrochemicals, the airlines, and reaucracy take the full burden and remove riyals was hostile. They , ar~ued that prices many others? .. · all _responsibllity from the state and local

·'I • ~:~:l:x~~!tb;~:~:~e:~::~~=.b~:r!l~~~;~ .. What is the _ p.oli~y on fol·ei~ tourists? b~:sdon't think that is right. What better tng would cease: But like. it or not competi- How. would the Government decide what place to solve problems find answers ·and tion compelled them to foliow· 'the Ford oil-is necessary for its· own operations? get movtng .. than nghi from the people lead, and that's what they did. "It was said What about local, State, and congres- closest to the problem? We believe local peo­ that we were ~~stur~ing conditions," Ford sional pressures to provide redress for ple are better problem-solvers than those ·remarked later. That s exactly what we were affected parties in local districts? What many miles distant from the situation. Each trying to do." . · locale has its own unique set of circum- The point is plain. When demand falls kmd of bureaucracy would be required stances which makes blanket answers from short of supply, a competitive industry does to evaluate and pass judgments on these Washington ineffective and inefficient. not stand pat. It doesn't accumulate unsale- requests and demands? Rather than having to pay for expensive able inventories. It does~·t let its factories An organization large enough to at- government eolut1ons which ww unquestton• stand idle and lay off its employees. It fights tempt to address these and other prob- ably create higher taxes, shouldn't private back; it hustles; it scraps, it cuts prices to business and labor find 'Ole answer workillg stimulate sales; it obeys the law of supply lems would ~. unworkably cumbersome. together? We believe that•e what makee our and demand. In short, it does what old Henry The only leg1t1mate purpose for such an whole system Gf free enterpl18e work-mini• w:ould have done were he alive today. organization and system would be a.n im- mum government Involvement. 5938 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 10,. 19'r5

~f you agree .that more detlclt spenclinC 1154, which woW.d ~tablish a Federal World War. He became the Head of the Brit­ on the part of our govenunen' Ia no' ~ Zoological and Aquariwn Board empow­ ish Advisory Mission in Vietnam between answer, why not cllp thta eclltorlal and man 1961 and 1965; his advice, untortunateiy, it to your congressman or representative. Ho's ered to set voluntary standards of ac­ was not always followed. More recently he listed at 1Jle bottom of this page. creditation· for zoos and. aquariums, and became a personal advisor to President Nix­ would provide funds for assisting these on on the Vietnam War, and has fiown out facilities in bringing themselves up to repeatedly since 1969 on whirlwind tours the desired standards. whose pace has sometimes left his Ameri­ THE THE The Animal Welfare Act of 1970 pro­ cans (and South Vietnamese) hosts reeling. 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF Sir Robert has written a number of books BffiTH OF THOMAS MASARYK vided a means by which the Department of Agriculture could require zoos to meet on counter-revolutionary warfare in general, and on Vietnam in particular. The most fas­ minimum standards of humane care; cinating book that he has within him has HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI H.R. 1154 would provide these facilities still to be written; his memoirs. In the OF ILLINOIS with the means to upgrade themselves meantime, he has pt>oduced t.. new book on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to a high degree. Vietnam, "Peace is Not at Hand", which is Monday, March 10, 1975 As what we like to call civilization con.. both a masterly overview of the course of the tinues to encroach upon the habitats of war during the Nixon years and a kind of Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I more and more species, many are being cri de coeur about what he regards as the would like to bljng the attention of the driven to the brink of extinction. Indeed, failure of will in Washington. Members to the 125th anniversary of the Sir Robert voices a complaint that will be a number of species, including the lovely shared by most people who thought that the birth of Thomas Masaryk, founder and Pere David's Deer, now exist only in American involvetnent in IndoChina, at least first President of Czechoslovakia. On ·zoos. It is incumbent upon us to make at the outset, was justified. He writes of the March 7, 1850, Masaryk was born to zoos the best possible places for these "comprehensibility gap" into which a large parents of humble station in a small animals to live, and to insure that they section of the western press appeared to town in Moravia. However, his parents are given proper care. My bill would help stumble. It was precisely because of the were able to provide him . with an ex­ relative freedom that the South Vietnamese make this possible. allowed for their critics and for the televiSion cellent education which enabled him An excellent article by Emily Hahn, to win a doctorate of philospohpy in cameras, that the atrocity stories that cap­ entitled "Why Zoos?" appeared in the tured the headlines nearly always referred to 1876. February 25, 19~5.1ssue of the New York what was happening on their side. A My Let, Upon achieving this distinction, Times Magazine. I regret that the ar­ as Sir Robert insists, is part of the mon.. Masaryk began a long and distinguished ticle is too long to insert in the REcoRD, stroslty of war which can never be justified, career as a statesman, a scholar, a moral­ but I commend it to all of my colleagues, and yet must in some sense be regarded as ist and successful politician. He pub­ and I will be pleased to provide any of inevitable in conditions of high tension, lished books on unconventional ane. un­ them a copy on request. The article frustration and incomprehension of alien popular subJects, and was an advocate points up the problems of zoos, their surroundings. The calculated slaughter car­ of such advanced-for the period-ideas ried out by the communist side in Hue in needs, and their value, and it helps show 1968 and in many lesser known towns and as the 8-hour work day and education ·the necessity of H.R. 1154 or similar hamlets throughout the entire course of the for women. He became politically active "legislation. war, however, was dlfi'erent in kind: part of and participated in the Austrian Parlia­ a strategy of repression (the word that the ment espousing the cause of a realistic Vietcong themselves always used) designed Czech nationalism. PEACE IS NOT AT HAND to eliminate all civilian resistance. Yet .this Although before 1914, he thought of distinction has been all too frequently the Czechs and Slovaks as a nation with­ forgotten. in Austria-Hungry, the outbreak of The most valuable part of Sir Robert's new World War n, changed this outlook to HON. PHILIP M. CRANE book, for those famlliar with his earlier OF n.LINOIS work, concerns the Easter invasion in 1972 one that advocated czechoslovaldan in­ and the negotiating process that followed. dependence, and he devoted himself to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The North Vietnamese set out in March 1972 this purpose throughout the war. In May Monday, March 10, 1975 to conquer the South by a conventional in­ 1918, he went to the United States where vasion, in which they used the heavy T-54 he secured officla.l support for his cause, Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, one of the tanks and 130mm guns that their Russian which resulted in its later adoption by most knowledgeable experts on Indo­ patrons had been shipping in for months the Allied Powers. china, Sir Robert Thompson, has recent­ beforehand. The timing of the invasion Finally, his work found its culmination ly written a most perceptive study of the puzzled many commentators at the time. Sir in November 1918, when he was elected current situation in Vietnam entitled Robert points out that the men in Hanni "Peace is Not at Hand." were probably convinced that they could first President of the Czechoslovakian destroy Richard Nixon with their new offen­ Republic. He served in this capacity for Sir Robert, as many of our colleagues sive as they had destroyed Lyndon Johnson 17 years in accordance with democratic know, was to a considerable extent re­ with the Tet offensive ln 1968. The timing principles which he has explored in his sponsible for the defeat of the Commu­ of the invasion was geared to the American study of various phllosophies. n1 health nists in Malaysia in the 1950's; from 1961 presidential elections scheduled for Novem­ forced his resignation in December 1935 to 1965 he was head of the British Ad· ber that year. They could, of course, have ·visory Mission in Vietnam. He has been waited another year,. until the American and he died on September 14, 1937, with military presence had shrunk to almost his beloved country in the hands of his to Vietnam many times since then and if his advict; had been followed more nothing. (There were 140,000 American troops friend and pupil Edward Benes. He was in South Vietnam in January, 1972; the figure thus spared the agony of seeing his often, I, for one, believe both our own was due to be halved by the end of April.) homeland under the control of Nazi and country and Vietnam today would be It was part of the mythology of the Easter Communist oppressors. much better off. invasion that the South Vietnamese army His memory lives on in the minds and A most informative review of Sir Rob­ (Arvn) was easily trounced by the commu­ hearts of his countrymen to whom he ert's latest book has just been published nists, breaking and running almost as soon dedicatetd his life, and remains a sym­ in International Review-Winter 1974. as it came under serious attack. But the This is a new London journal of inter· really striking thing about the 1972 cam­ ·bol of inspiration to all who value free­ paign, as Sir Robert makes clear, is that dom and true national Independence. national affairs· which deserves to be Arvn performed better than almost anyone more widely read in this country. had expected. On the Northern front, there I should like to insert this review, writ­ was a command snarl-up, which led to the ten by Robert Moss, an editor of the sacking of two key generals. Arvn suffered HUMANE CARE IN ZOOS Economist in the RECORD at this time: badly in this region because of its reliance PEACE IS NoT AT HAND on methods instilled by the Americans, such (By Sir. Robert Thompson) as dependence on static artillery ba.se·s and HON. C. WIWAM WHITEHURST Sir Robert Thompson is one of the most :fire bases that were hopelessly exposed to 0~ VIBGXNIA ·. profound theorists, and practitioners, of the new Russian guns on the other side that IN TliE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES counter-insurgency in our times. He won his could outrange the South Vietnamese bat­ · spurs in the war against the Chinese Co.m­ teries by as much as 6 miles. Monday, ·March 10, 1975 munists in Malaya, and before that as a But, as the campaign developed, and as Mr. WHfi'EHURST. Mr. Speaker, on young. partic(pa~t in the famous Chindit ex­ North Vietnam's tactical mtstakes aUowe

. ca.llin re-inforcements~ it appeared that the self in power. He appeal&-a.nd his appeal 1s repeal of the Gun Control . Act.. of 196& is Arvn was fighting well wherever it was really directed at the men 1n. Washington­ probably the most merciful thing this Con­ pinned down. The battle at An Lo.c (which for the rejection of soft options. The only gress can do for American citizens in the Sir Robert describes as the Staiingrad. of the question is whether anyone 1s li&tening. area of gun control. It has not. worked and 1972. campaign) was the prime example ~ it will not work 1n r.temming the rising tide of might indeed be regarded as the moment at crime. We as Congressman are only human. which North Vietnam lost its chance of win­ We make mistakes. The important thing to ning the war that year. An Loc was a small SYMMS TESTIFIES AGAINST the American people is that. we admit our provincial town with about 20,000 people mistakes and have the courage to take the up towards the Cambodian border and quite GUN CONTROL proper corrective a.ct.ion. The Gun Control irrelevant in strategic terms. The North Viet­ Act of 1968 was unwise legislation and has namese 9th Division, heading towards Sai­ proven to be not only inefiect.lve, but totally gon, could simply have driven their tanks HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK counterproductive. The time for its repeal around An Loc and by so doing might even OF OHIO is now. have reached the outskirts. of the capital. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This subcommitt ee will of course be con­ Instead, the North Vietnamese, co~dent of sidering numerous other gun control bills, easy success, became bogged down in a pro­ Monday, March 10. 1975 most of which point in the opposite direction longed battle for the town in which they Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the from my own. Such measures deeply concern fired over 70.000 artlllery shells and deployed me. For this reason, I would like to brie:tiy dozens of heavy tanks. After their initial Subcommittee on Crime of the House address myself to these proposals and to the failure to take An Loc, the North Vietnam­ Judiciary Committee bas been holding broader issue of gun control in general. ese massed three divisions in the area and hearings on gun control legislation. I I am opposed to federal gun control on · the commander of the 5th Division took over. serve on this subcommittee and recently three grounds-const.ltutiona.lr practical, and His boasts. o! early success. also came to had the opportunity of hearing the testi­ moral. I shall discuss each in turn, realizing nothing; it- appears, from American intelll­ mony of my friend and colleague. Con­ however that time does not permit me to ,ence reports. that he was afterwards gressman STEVE SYMMS. treat each area with any degree of thorougn­ cashiered for his failure and ma.y have been Congressman SYMMs is a strong oppo­ ness. Therefore, I wlll merely attempt to executed somewhere in Cambodia. plant a few seeds of new thought in hopes · An Loc is something that those who in­ nent of Federal gun control. He centers they wlllland on fertlle son. sist on regarding the Vietnam war as a eon­ his opposition on three grounds-con­ The Second Amendment of the U.S. Con­ :bonta.tion between an unbeatali>le guerrilla stitutional, practical, and moral. In order stitution states: "A well-regulated militia army and a hopelessly corrupt and incom­ to give his arguments the attention they being necessary to the security of a free peten~ government. find it difticult to fit deserve, the testimony of Congressman State, the right of the people to keep and among their mental stereotypes. It is part SYMMS is included hereafter in the bear arms shall not be infringed." I am no of the reason. along with e1fective use of RECORD: Constitutional lawyer, in fact I am no lawyer American air power, and "fue impressive gen­ at all. Yet common sense tells me that. our TESTIMONY OF THE" HONORABLE STEVEN D. ualshlp displayed by the South Vietnamese founding fathers were trying to ten us some­ oommander, General Truong, in bis success­ SYMMS BEFORE THE HOUSE JUDICIARY SuB• COMMITTEE ON CRIME, F'EBltUARY 27, 1975 thing there-and in no uncertain terms r In ful attempts to. recapture lost ground in contrast to other portions of the Constitu­ the North, why South Vietnam survived. the Mr. Chairman. Before I begin my remarks, tion, there were no qualifiers in this Amend­ onslaught in 1972. allow me to thank you for the opportunity ment, no "buts.. or "excepts", just a straight­ n. is. dimcult to be op~imistic about its to address yo.ur subcommittee this morning forward statement regarding the people's eha:nces of survival in the lo»g term. The on the crucial issue of federal gun control. right to possess firearms. eease-fire ariangement, concluded in Janu­ I commend you for conducting these initial Men such as Samuel Adams and Patrick ary, 1973 (and theli'e is a great deal more to hearings and trust that you wlll continue to Henry were very emphatic about tbe need for be told abou~ the secret negotiations lea.d.lng solicit a wide range of input on this toplo such an Amendment prior to ratification of up to it than Sir Robert includes ln. his in the months ahead. the Constitution, protesting that as first · book) was never worth more ihan the paper As you know. I have inuoduced legislation submittect the document did not guarantee }i. was written on. The communist military in this. session of Congress to repeal the Gun "the right of having arms in your own de­ build-up inside SOuth Viemam continues; Control Act of 1968. I have done so in the fense." So important was the right to bear the aircraft. battery and the heavy guns. are sincere belie! that this leg1Mlat1on was hastily arms to our forefathers, that it was placed brought further down newly eonstrueted passed during a period of national panic ancl second in the Bfil of Rights. with freedom of roa criminals are somehow the but that ''we are all domln.oes now". His tools of guns. instea4 of ~ other way they are. central concern is about the possibility that, around. Moreover. the history of this gun My second objection to federal gun laws partly as a result o.! the Vietnam war, the control act. should. ha"t'e taught. us to beware is purely practieal-they do not work. In · US will cease to :function as a great power of sl.mplls.tlc solutions wbklh inevitably fact. •hey h~ve a :reoord. o! QDly compound­ ·at precisely the moment when the commu­ spring up during periods of emotional stress; ing and worsening our crime- problems. ~·s nist powers are beginning to expand their that as national legislators we must resist set aside our personal ass.mnptions for a sphere of Influence at an alarming rate. He the natural human impuls& to ..do some­ moment and examine tile hard fac:ts about complains of a widespread mental paralysis thing quick" about. crime in America and gun control. that has induced many people to accept that tG instead take time to delve deeper- Into Let me begin by a.ssming you that I am an the communist countries.. are ofi limits tn the true ca.uses and cures :ror criminal be- in faTOJ' or keeping guna out of the bands: of the curre11t stntggle.f9"f p,owel' wh~le the rest havior in this country. . · criminals, although I must conf-ess that I am ~f the worlt! 1s a free·-tor-an, where ~he Marx­ ·z will no-t dwell a»J' flDther thJs mOI'Dln« mucll. .more COilCenled. about ~e commisslon ist ~en caD q\dte tegitlm&tef7. eStabi.ts~ lt- . Gn my OWD legje}&Uon,. e~ lO eaJ th&:t or a. mime tban I am abolrt the method cw L• I ' 5940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 10, 1975 weapon employed. Nevertheless, disarming 2) While . firearms ownership lias gone in the U.S. sponsors, con~ucts, staffs and sup­ criminals of firearms is a wor.thy goal. ·enfor­ up steadily over the years, the rate of homo­ ports training and safety courses in firearms. tunately, it is also completely unrealistic. cides involving guns has been declining To penalize these people who use firearms for Those who attempt to impose strict registra­ significantly. lawful purposes because of the criminality tion requirements or outright bans on fire­ 3) Over the past ten years, less than one­ of a minute number is not in conscience with arms as ways of keeping them away from fourth of the aggravated assault cases the fundamental American principle of jus­ criminals are fighting a losing battle. Com­ across the nation were committed with fire­ tice and fairness. Nor does it set well with our mon sense tells us that the reason they are arms. heritage and our history as a free people. classified criminals in the first place is be­ 4) There are perhaps 200 million privately The present furor over gun control has be­ cause they are in the habit of breaking laws. owned firearms in the U.S. today, of which come a bubbling caldron of emotionali~m. There is no reason to assume that they will only one sixth of one percent are used in the People in my home state of Idaho are watch­ obey federal gun laws any more than other commission of crimes annually, including ing this latest drive with fear and confusion. laws they have broken. less tl1an one percent of all handguns. Most Idahoans have grown up around fire­ The question of federal gun registration 5) Firearms and shooting sports are arms and therefore share none of the hys­ goes even beyond this argument, however. ranked 15th on the list of sports most likely teria over guns which they hear emanating As a result of the Haynes decision by the to cause accidents. There are 20 times more from Washington, D.C. Their familiarity with Supreme Court in 1968, criminals would not accidental deaths with cars, 8 times more firearms has taught them how to handle guns be legally obliged to register their guns-only through falls and three times more through with care and respect, and has given them ·an honest citizens would. The Court ruled that drowning. appreciation for their many legitimate u£es since persons who possess firearms illegally What strict federal gun controls in effect by the private citizen. When they hear na­ would be incriminating themselves if they will do is severely penalize the 50 million tional leaders declaring that "the only pur­ came forward and registered them, that they law abiding gun owners in this nation while pose for handguns is to kill," and that "there were in effect exempted from gun registra­ attempting, unsuccessfully, to get at the is no reason for individuals to own them," tion. one percent who use firearms for illegal pur­ they wince with pain. In Idaho as elsewhere, Some proponents of federal firearms regis­ poses. Is this the kind of legislation this sidearms are widely used for hunting, for tration continue to maintain that a registra­ Congress should be passing? protection in the field, and for target shoot­ tion system would g~:eatly aid law enforce­ There has been much talk about the so­ ing. They also serve a valuable function in ment officers in tracing down weapons used called "Saturday Night Special" and about defending one's home and family from in crimes, leading to speedier apprehension legisla.tion specifically directed toward this criminal assault. How do you think my con­ of criminals. Again, this contention ignores type of handgun. Allow me to make just a stituents feel, standing idly by watching the fact and the laws of logic. The vast ma­ few observations in this regard. Members of Congress, most of whom have no jority of criminal-owned firearms are either First of all, the term "Saturday Night appreciation for the legitimate uses of fire­ stolen, completely unregistered, or have had Special" is, to anyone who understands fire­ arms, systematically legislate away their Sec­ their registration numbers ground off. How arms, almost completely meaningless. At­ ond Amendment rights? How do I tell these in the world could these weapons be traced tempts to define "Saturday Night Special" people that they should continue to trust to the criminal offender? based on barrel length, overall size, price, and respect their government while watching My greatest fear where federal regist ration . m elting point, tensile strength, operating Congress pass laws on the basis of rank ig­ is concerned is that it would be nothing characteristics, firing tests, safety-size cri­ norance, raw emotion and ruthless political more than a prelude to confiscation. Once it teria, and so on, have all proven to be inad­ power? What shall I say to these good people? became evident that gun registration alone equate and arbitrary. How shall I explain what is being done to was not curbing violent crime, it would be What would be the effect of outlawing them and why? You tell me. the logical next step to order the confiscation these so-called "Saturday Night Specials"? The foundation of the American system of of the registered weapons. W•e see this course The only lasting effect would be to once justice is built on the presumption of in­ of events unfolding now in Washington, again disarm the law-abiding citizen. But in nocence until proven guilty. This is a tenet this case, primarily the poor would be penal­ by which we all claim to live. Yet it appears where D.C. Councilman Wilson has gained that many of my colleagues are prepared to much support for his proposal to confiscate ized-the people who· generally liye in high crime neighborhoods but who can scarcely throw this principle out the window where all 52,000 legally registered handguns. What afford an expensive Smith and Wesson for gun owners are concerned and are anxious would be the ultimate effect of a drastic protection. By outlawing inexpelli!ive hand­ to declare these people guilty of some crime measure such as this nationwide? To disarm guns, we would in effect be denying lower by mere virtue of their owning a firearm. all honest citizens who dutifully registered income people their basic right to self de­ Spurred on by the abuses of a very small their guns with Uncle Sam. Meanwhile, every fense. Only the wealthy would be able to minority, the gun haters in our midst look two-bit thug would retain possession of his, defend themselves and their families from · upon firearms possession as a crime in and having never registered them to begin with. crimes of violence. of itself, and upon gun owners as latent And while the police are busy enforcing gun Meanwhile, criminals would have no trou­ killers and vicious perverts. When one con­ laws on the lawful, the criminal element ble manufacturing homemade firearms with siders that about 50 percent of all house­ would be ravaging a now disarmed and de­ only basic mechanical ability and readily holds in America have a.t least one gun, that's fenseless society. available materials. "Zip guns" can be fash­ a lot of people! The desire to ban firearms as a solution to ioned out of rubber bands and umbrella But I ask you, is that what American jus­ crime is ve'!:y analogous to the desire in the tubing to serve the purpose of any murderer tice is all about? Before this Congress be­ 1920's to ban liquor as a solution to intem­ or thief. Federal legislation can in no way comes a kangaroo court, ready to pass judg­ perance. Gun prohibitionists and liquor pro­ prevent criminals from making firearms in ment on every gun owner in this country, we hibitionists both reach their conclusions' by this way. had better reflect these things for a moment. convoluted logic about human behavior. All the evidence available to us points to Ultimately, this issue goes much deeper than Their assumption is that human beings the fact that firearms do not cause crime. six guns and Saturday Night Specials. It gets are victims-mere pawns of the inanimate The decision by an individual to be violent to the very root of our American institutions objects around them. Remove the objects is the primary factor involved. His decision and the underpinnings of our free society. and all will be well. The Prohibition period as to a choice of the weapon is very much Moreover, it demonstrates how fragile lib­ should have ~aught us that this kind of secondary. Homocide studies show that where erty can really be. If one group can, by popu­ reasoning is nonsense, that deviant behav­ the will to murder exists, if a gun is not lar political demand, be denied its rights and ior is primarily a function of human free available, a knife or club will certainly suf­ sa.criftced on the alter of legislative authori­ will. And just as whiskey was readily avail­ fice. If the tide of violence is to be turned, tarianism, then one by one all groups can able in the 1920's to whoever chose to break we must get down to the level where the receive the same treatment. In the end, no the law, so will firearms be easily obtainable original decision to be violent is made. Ban­ rights will remain sacred nor freedoms safe. through illegal channels by the crime com­ ning a particular weapon does not deter the The end result is tyranny-and with a dis­ munity. The black market opportunities for criminal in maki:l,1g that decision. More effi­ armed and defenseless population, very likely organized crime would be staggering. Ulti­ cient law enforcement and tougher penalties that tyranny would be here to stay. Think mately, any ban on firearms would have the on criminal activity will. When one considers about it. effect of funneling huge amounts of money that only 3 percent of those who commit into the coffers of those who the law was serious crimes in this country are sent to originally intended to control. jail for doing so, there is obviously some need I am not going to play the statistics game for improvement. It is here where we have HEARINGS ON ILLEGAL ALIEN with you today, and would hope that you really fallen down in deterring ct·iminal ac- will likewise show me the same considera­ tivity. · LEGISLATION tion. Too often, statistical data selectively My final objection to federal firearms con­ cited can be used to prove any point one trol rests on moral and philosophical HON. JOSHUA EILBERG wishes to make. Nevertheless, there are some grounds. Gunowners, hunters, sportsmen, little known facts about guns and gun con­ collectors, and shooters are, as a group, prob­ OF PENNSYLVANIA trol which I would like to bring to your at­ ably. the most law-abiding people in the en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . tention: tire Uriited States. They are not potential Monday, March 10,. 1975 · 1) According to FBI reports, firearms are killers and menaces to their communities as used in less than four percent of all sel'ious the anti-firearms campaign portrays them. Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I wish to crimes nationwide. Virtually every gun organization and club announce that the Subcommittee on Im- March 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5941 migration, Citizenship, and Interna­ But. that interpretation is deceiving. Sav­ School continued as usual after the shoot­ ings have grown because consumers fear ing with the principal using the public ad­ tional Law of the Committee on the more unemployment and are not spending. dress system several times to inform the stu­ Judiciary, will continue its hearings this And on the corporate side. many companies dents of what had happened, the latest con­ week on H.R. 982, a bfil which would are trying to work o:fl inventories and re­ dition of Chavis, and to quash rumors that impose civil and criminal penalties on build their cash balances. rather than in­ passed in the hallways and classrooms. those employers who knowingly hire il­ vest them in added production. "People were saying different things about legal aliens. In short, the recession itself is causing what had happened, so I didn't pay much On Wednesday, March 12, 1975, the savings to grow. There is no fresh cash being attention to what was being said,'' Quintell subcommittee will receive testimony introduced, and hence no stimulus. What is Blake, a. lOth-grader at the school, said. needed is growth in the basic money supply, Miss Blake said she was eating lunch at from additional Members of Congress the thing the Fed is resisting. the time of the shooting and didn't know who desire to be heard on this legisla­ Arthur Burns wants to be remembered what had happened. tion, the American Civil Liberties Union, as the man who licked inflation. But unless "I've seen and heard of fights before, but and Zero Population Growth. This hear­ he shows himself to be more flexible, he will I've never heard of anything happening like ing will be held in room 2141, Rayburn b& remembered instead as the man who this," she said. House Office Building, and will begin at thwarted economic recovery. 10 a.m. On Thursday, March 13, 1975, the subcommittee will receive testimony BAN THE HANDGUNS POLITICAL REPRESSION IN from the U.S. Catholic Conference, and YUGOSLAVIA the National Congress of Hispanic American Citizens. This hearing will be HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM HON. DONALD M. FRASER held in room 2226, Rayburn House Of­ 0~ NEW YORK OF :MINNESOTA fice Building and will commence at 10 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a.m. Monday, March 10, 1975 Any Members of Congress as well as Monday, March 1(), 1975 other interested individuals and organi­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the ePi­ zations who desire to submit prepared demic of handgun shootings is not con- Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I am very testimony for inclusion into the hear­ fined to the world of adults, or even to · concerned about r~cent political develop­ ing record should address their requests the streets of the city. It extends to the ments in Yugoslavia. to the Subcommittee on Immigration, world of schoolchildren. How horrifying The. last 2 yea~s. have been~ period of Citizenship, and International Law, it is to realize that we flave created a so- int~nsifying political repressiOn there. room 2139, Rayburn House Office Build­ ciety in which children have easy access This is a trend contrary to that which ing, as soon as practicable. to deadly weapons. led _the Congress to grant most-favored- The incident described in the attached nation tr~de status to that Communist­ article took place late in February and ruled natiOn. the article is from the Washington ·Post. There. ~ave b~en a s~c?essio~ ?f purges EASIER MONEY, PLEASE I wish to call particular attention to the and political tnals. Rigid political con­ statement of Eastern High School Piin- trois over the pr~ haye been instituted cipal William Saunders: and enforced. Umvers1ty autonomy has been violated-there have been political HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. Until something is done (about the access firings of non-conformist professors, stu­ OF OHIO to guns) we will continue to have this hap­ pen in the community and the schools. dents supporting these professors have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been imprisoned and U.S. scholars have Monday, March 10, 1975 I submit that the only effective way to been expelled. Civil liberties are being block that access is to ban the handgun. suppressed and a police-state atmosphere Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, in light The article follows: of distrust and suspicion is being created. of the debate which took place last week PuPIL. 16, Is SHOT AT EASTERN on House ConcwTent Resolution 133, I In November 1974, Secretary of State :tound the enclosed editorial from the (By Althelia. Knight) Kissinger discussed with President Tito A 16-year-old student at Eastern IDgh the poSsibility of U.S. arms deliveries to current issue of Business Week, March School, was shot three ttmes with a small Yugoslavia and in January President 17~ most interesting. I recommend it for handgun yesterday in an argument in a Ford accepted Tito's invitation to visit the consideration of my colleagues: basement hallway or the school during a Yugoslavia. These do not strike me as EAsmR MoNEY, PLEASE lunch period. proper responses to what is happening in Arthur F. Burns is fighting the wrong war. The student, Richard Chavis of 666 46th Yugoslavia. I suggest that this Congress Afraid of a renewed bout of inflation, the St. SE, was treated and released from D.C. Fed chairman told Congress recently that General Hospital. examine closely our policies toward Yugo­ he has no intention of boosting the growth According to police, Chavis was approached slavia. of·the :money supply to the 8% or 10% level at his locker by three suspects. Police said I am not suggesting that the United many economists have urged. But unless the suspects placed a coat over Chavis, a. States could or ought to determine what he does, the nation has scant hope, anytime struggle ensued, and Chavis was shot once in kind of government the Yugoslavs have. soon, of overcoming the worst economic the left shoulder and twice in the side with That is theh· business. But I do suggest slump since the Great Depression. a gun held by one of the suspects. Chavis that U.S. policies toward Yugoslavia are Instead of worrying so much about infia.­ is a junior at the school, which is located tion, which is easing, Burns should be fight­ at 17th and East Capitol streets NE. our business. We should not be totally ing :recession, which is not. Industry fs now Police said William mn, 16, of 1802 Bay indifferent to the manner 1n which the operating at less than 70% of capacity, In­ St. SE was charged yesterday afternoon with Yugoslav Government treats its people. dustrial production is declining at a. 36% assault with a deadly weapon in the shoot­ Generally, violations of human rights annual rate, and unemployment is approach­ ing. No other arrests had been made as of do not evoke enough public protest. The ing the double-digit level. Among teen-age late yesterday, police safd. United States as a nation ought to be far .blacks, unemployment is above 40%. Con­ The shooting, which was reported at 12:35 more sensitive to violations of human gress a.ndi the White House have responded p .m., apparently stemmed from an incident rights in its foreign policies than it has by agreeing to a. tax cut that will top $20- last week, according to police. billion. But it may do little good unless the William Saunders, the school principal, been. The Yugoslav situation is only one Fed. eases up on the monetary reins. said he understood from student reports, example of this. Our actions must re:flect Since last summer, the basic money supply the three suspects were apparently outsiders. both our own concern about human rights defined as currency plus demand deposits, Saunders said he had never had "any trou­ violations and our concern for the wel­ has remained essentially fiat. Burns con­ ble like this" in his seven years at the school. fare of those affected by our policies. eedes this, but he contends that other m­ He said he could give no definite reason for Mr. Speaker, at this point I would like diea.tors show that the economy is "awash" the incident happening but said the fact to include in the RECORD several items on With liquidity. Savings are up,. he notes, and tb,at "guns are so easily available" may have the political events in Yugoslavia. so are corporate purchases of certificates of caused the shooting. [From the Economist, Feb. 1, 1975] deposit. When these :figures are included in . .. Until something is done (about the access tbe definition of money supply, Burns can to guns), we will continue to have this hap­ THE BELGRADE EIGHT Bhow a slgnlflcant monetary growth rate . pen in the community and the schools," A long tussle between the Jugoslav hier­ ln recent. months. f?~unders said. archy and eight dissent marxist philosophers 5942 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma-rch 10, 19?'5 from ·Belgrade University has . come to a temporarily suspended. The latest . iSsue.. of ·of Novi Sad's law school was invited to the head. Last weekend the dean of the univer­ the magazine published in Nis,· was ordered cour to hear the sentence. . · sity's philosophy faculty, l'rofessor Sima suppressed because of a story by a Belgrade Mr. Millajlov, who was permitted to speak' Cirkovic, resigned in protest against the ·gov ... student that was said to favor the Cetniks, with his wife after the sentence had been ernment's intention to use a :new law to get the Yugoslav guerrillas who fought the AXis pronounced, was convicted ·three times be­ rid of these dissidents. The law, which took Occupation during World War II but .also fore by Yugoslav courts on essentially the effect on Tuesday, allows the. government fought the Partisans led by Marshal Tito. same charge-spreading hostile propaganda. to override the normal u niversity dismissal As for Praxis, since 1964 it has be~n ·a go~d The longest prison term he served in the procedures. · to the Yugoslav party since it argued its past was for three and a half years, seven ·The battle started in 1972 when President criticism on Marxist grounds. It frequently months of which were in solitary confine­ Tito was annoyed by an article in a Zagreb asserted that Yugoslav workers had n() real ment. magazine by a member of the Belgrade group. decision-making role in or through the Com­ The harsh sentence was presumed to have Professor Svetozar Stojanovic's references to munist party, whose policies were criticized been directed by President Tito himself. Jugoslavia's "stalinist destalinisat~on" a_fter as verging at times on Stalinism. · Earlier this week, Marshal Tito delivered a 1948, under a "charismatic leadership" which Contributors to the magazine, mainly left­ speech before the Central Committee of th.e he· said, turned it on and off to suit its own ist university professors in Belgrade, Zagreb League of Communists in which he d~: ­ needs, moved the president to dema nd that and Ljubljana, most of them former party nounced Mr. Mihajlov and asserted that the "certain professors" should be debarred from members, came to be known as the Praxis Western press had exaggerated the dissident's teaching. group. importance. · But that proved easier said than done. The party has been reluctant to move to() Yesterday, Mr. Mihajlov's lawyers asked The eight were popular with their students harshly against the group, apparently be­ the judge not to be swayed by President and had friends in high places. Most of them cause of the international prestige of some Tito's critical remarks, noting that even in had been wartime partisans. Their colleagues of its members, because of their essentially the Middle Ages the law in this region.'e'n.­ refused to be bullied into dismissing them, Marxist orientation and because of fears that joined judges from being intimidated by th~ and their many friends abroad, especially purging them could result in disturbances. czar himself. among the new left in western Eur<;>pe and The closing of Praxis, which reportedly The 40-year-old defendant, the son of Rus­ the United States, spoke up for them. Last followed orders through trade-union organi­ sian emigre parents, was charged during this summer no fewer than eight special commis­ zations not to publish it, is viewed as another trial with hostile propaganda, specifically for, sions, appointed to examine the charge that severe blow to free expression. Last montb four articles he had written, one of whicp the eight were unfit to teach, cleared them . eight Belgrade University professors associat· was published by The New York Times. completely. Their passports · were then re­ ed with the Praxis group were ousted. In one of the articles. he compared ·the turned: The government probably hoped that new Yugoslav system for choosing delegates most of them would go to the west European (From the New York Times, Feb. 25, 1975] to the National Assembly with the system and American universities that had offered In the realm of freedom of ideas, at least, adopted in Fascist Italy in 1933. them appointments. Those who would not it is becoming increasingly difficult to dis­ Mr. Mlhajlov's defense lawyers referred to l~a.ve the country were coaxed to accept al­ tinguish between today's Belgrade Titoism the Yugoslav Constitution, which puts the ternative non-teaching posts. But only MJ:.:. and yesterday's Moscow Stalinism. Thus, the burden of proving guilt on the prosecution. Stojanovic went to America. The others famed Yugoslav writer, Mihajlo Mihajlov, is They also cited the wording of the Yugo­ defiantly resl;lmed teaching. · scheduled to go on trial today for allegedly slav statute against "hostile propaganda," The government is now obviously worried spreading hostile propaganda, a charge for defined in te.rms of being both false and about the credibility of its whole tough post- which the maximum penalty is death. Last malicious. 1971 course. Leniency to the Belgrade group month eight outstanding Belgrade Univer­ The defense sought to call· as a witness as could encourage other dissidents to demand sity professors were ousted from their posi­ an expert in comparative law to examine the reinstatement. Besides, Russia, whose good­ tions by a legislative decree which accused truth of Mr. Mihajlov's parallel between the will Jugoslavia has recently been trying to them of corrupting youth. Italian Fascist and the Yugoslav legislative cultivate, has been gunning for the Bel­ More generally, a campaign intended to system, but the judge rejec~d the plea: grade eight. But western opinion c~uld st ill terrorize actual or potential dissidents is in Mr. Mlhajlov, who spoke in his own -de-­ count for more. full swing, along with a massive press propa­ fense, noted that he was being tried fol' ganda offensive against the United States. having allegedly slandered Yugoslavia by (From the New York Times, Feb. 22, 1975] And these depressing events are taking place saying that there was no freedom of press or YUGOSLAVIA CLOSES MAGAZINE CRITICAL OF in a nation which once ·seemed seriously expression in this country. REGIME bent on proving that Marxist economics did "According to our constitution, a Yugoslav has a right to express his own opinion," lie (By Malcolm W. Browne) . not necessitate snuffing out democratic di .. versity of p~blicly expressed opinion. added. "But if that were so, I would not be BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA, February 21.-The Explanations for these regrettable retro­ here now." only legal Yugoslav publication that has reg­ gressive trends vary. It is not .unlikely that Mr. Mlhajlov was expelled from a univer­ ularly criticized the regime in the la~t 11 aged President Tito is trying to smooth the sity teaching post in 1966 by order of t.he years has been forced by the ruling Com­ way for a handpicked successor before his party, and began serving a three and a ha.l.;f munist party to close. own death. There is undoubtedly also fear in year sentence the same year. Tomislav Jantol, a member of the Com­ Belgrade that the country's worsening eco­ Since then, he has been barred from em., munist watchdog committee overseeing ac­ nomic situation may fan political discontent, ployment in Yugoslavia, but he has also tivities at Zagreb University, announced that especially as workers return from . jobs in been forbidden to leave the country to earn the closing of the publication, Praxis, was Western Europe and contrast their former a living elsewhere. a result of a decision by its four-man edi­ prosperity as "slaves of capitalism" with the torial board. He said the board, faced with reality of unemployment in Yugoslavia. [From the New York Times, Mar. 4, 197·5']' the choice of radically altering the maga­ Whatever the motivation, the present in­ zine's tone or closing it, elected to close it. TITO, PREPARING FOR THE SUCCESSION, ternal political policy of the Belgrade regime TIGHTENS HIS REINS Praxis was published by the Croatian Phil­ is blackening Yugoslavia's reputation in the osophical Society of Zagreb, affiliated With West. That policy must delight those in the (By Malcolm W. Brow.1,1e) the university. Although it had a circul~tio:n Kremlin who dream of once again ·seeing a BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA, March 3.-President of only a few thousand, it was widely re~ Soviet satellite in Yugoslavia on the model Tito has 'begun a political campaign against garded as the voice of Yugoslav Marxists who that existed before the historic break of 1948. suspected adversaries at home and abroad. believe · the orthodox party, the League of In the process, Yugoslavia's foreign rela­ Communists, has gone astray in many ~·e­ [From the New York Times, Mar.l, 1975] tions have become thornier than ever and spects. rule at home grows more autocratic by the Articles by foreign contributors, including YUGOSLAVIA JAILS MIHAJLOV FOR 7 YEARS (By Malcolm W. Browne) month. But the price is not too high, the the American Marxist, Herbert Marcuse, were Government's defenders maintain, if Yugo,., often published by Praxis in Croatian trans­ Novr SAD, YuGOSLAVIA, February 28.-Mib.a­ slavia is to survive what is viewed here as lation. jlo Mihajlov, the Yugaslav writer accused of the crisis looming-the death or incapacity In a meeting with foreign newsmen toda}l having criticized the regime of President Tito Jure Bille, a senior Communist party official, of the 82-year-old Yugoslav leader. in the Western press, was sentenced today Despite his still fairly robust constitution, explained the action against Praxis in terms to seven years at hard labor. of the need to protect society against .detri­ The presiding judge of the Novi Sad Dis­ Marshal Tito realizes he may not have much mental forces. While asserting that. he had trict Court, Dragomir Cvetkovic, also pro· longer, and is acutely aware of the problems no knowledge beyond what he··had· seen in hibited Mr. Mihajlov from any writing, pub­ ahead. The first of. these problems, as always; is nationalist separatism. ~ the press, he said the party felt ·that "critics lic speaking or broadcasting for a p~riod of or forces that try to limit the influence of four years after the completion of his sen.- Since World War II, President Tito's per­ the League of Communists in society · are. tence. · · sonal prestige has largely suppressed ' the detrimental to social development/'· The judge said the sentence ·should be traditional strife between the Balkan· regions In another move in the campaign. ·to sup• interpreted as a warning, "both ·personal ·ani:l from which Y:ugoslavia· was formed in una: press criticism, a literary magazine has been general." An entire class from the University Many analysts believe that the Balkan March 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5943 peoples have become so unaccustomed t() and some ugly times may be ahead,'' on.e western High School are particularly fighting each other since President Tito Yugoslav said. "H.e's probably right some of came to power that the Yugoslav nation has the time. Some of the time he's just being proud of basketball c'oach Steve David been welded together for good. · ·· a crotchety, suspicious old man. But I dread and the varsity team members who. suc­ ceeded in winning 20 out of 20 scheduled FEW ARE YUGOSLAVS the day when Yugoslavia has no more Tito." ., • * of their domestic concerns, the Y~go­ season basketball games. But others take note of a 1971 census, in slavs are worried about the international I would like to personally commend the which residents of one of Yugoslavia's repub­ situation. In a gloomy New Year's message to lics, Bosnia-Herzegovina, were directed to de­ fine athletes and sportsmanship of the his people, President Tito warned that de­ winning team members. The seniors on clare themselves as Serbs, Croats, Moslems tente, which never developed very far, is not (who are one of Yugoslavia's legally recog­ to be entirely trusted. He foretold a hard year the team, Tom Oren, Craig Sutherland, nized nationalities) or simply as Yugoslavs. fo\1' Yugoslavia, with mounting foreign pres­ Rich Crawford. and Randy Crowe are not Only 4 per cent declared themselves Yugo­ sures on this country, from the West in gen­ only fine athletes but have the distinction slavs. eral and the United States in particular. of belonging to the National Honor So­ The skeptics also assert that the nation­ Almost· alone among European leaders, ciety as well. Special congratulations also Wide use of a single, unifying language-­ President Tito warns repeatedly of the con­ go to the underclassmen members of the Serbo-Croatian-has also declined since tinued danger of· general war in Europe. team, Steve Sewell, ·Brian HUdson, a.nd world war II, when the larlguage was spread It is difficult to tell whether President Tito Pete Hahn. by soldiers. Today, the language is . rar~ly and his Government won·y more about "im­ spoken in the predominantly Albanian prov­ perialists"-the Americans-or the "hegemo­ ince of Kosovo, or in Macedonia, whose lan- nists"-the Russians. guage resembles Bulgarian. · Since the visit here last November by Sec­ PRIVATE SEcTOR CAN HELP · Last spring, Pi'esid(mt Tito reiterated his retary of State Kissinger; the Yugoslav press, intention to leave his various offices to a over which President· Tito maintains close collective leadership. personal surveillance, has been particularly HON. THAD COCHRAN Within the Government, that leadership hard on Washington. ()F MISSISSIPPI will be an eight-member Presidency, with one Washington, according to the Yugoslav I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES member elected from each of the six repub­ press; has been working against Yugoslavia ·ucs and the two provinces, who will rotate by helping Nazi elements in neighboring Monday, March 10, 1975 the chairmanship between them in the Swiss Austria, territorially ambitious Fascists in Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, there are style. neighboring Italy and m111tarist enemies in inherent dangers in excessive Govern­ NATIONALIST FRICTIONS neighboring Greece, as well as conducting ment spending and excessive Govern­ Some critics believe that this may empha­ threatening naval maneuvers in the Adriatic ment regulations of our economy. I am size rather than reduce nationalist friction. and harboring anti-Tito organizations in the United States. firmly· convinced that many current eco­ "Can you imagine some Serb or Slovene nomic ills are caused, to a large degree, Presidency member taking orders, when an Some Yugoslavs believe the Soviet Union would like to gain access to the Adriatic by too much Gove1nment. More and Albanian from Kosovo takes the chair?" one through Yugoslavia, thus freeing its navy more Government cannot solve prO'blems said. "Not for long." from the restraint of the Turkish-controlled President Tito has not indicated a succes­ caused by too much Government. Dardanelles at the mouth of the Black Sea. I am encouraged by the faith in the sor as leader of the League of Communists. And there is concern that Russian interven­ There seems certain .to be ~ struggle for tion could be brought about in a period of private sector evidenced by· a recent edi­ power in the 'post-Tito era, both between political chaos by some Yugoslav Commu­ torial in the Jackson Clarion-Ledger. I individuals and between nationalities. Its nists asking Moscow for help to assure the recommend it to my colleagues in the speedy resolution is likely to be the key to survival of socialism in Yugoslavia. ~ouse: Yugoslavia's political survival. RISK FRO~ . SOVIET DENIED · PRIVATE SECTOR CAN LEAD IN ECONOMIC Grave economic problems taking shape REVITALIZATION now could profoundly exacerbate future na­ But in a speech before the Central Com­ tionalist strife, which has always centered on mittee of his party last week, President Tito Over a century ago Thomas Carlyle de­ allegations of economic exploitation by rich took·note of such speculation in the Western . scribed · economics as "the dism'al scienee." 'Yugoslav republics of poor ones. press and denounced it as part of a compaign Arthur· D. Burns, chairman of the Federal against Yugoslavia. The Soviet Union would Reserve Board, recently reminded Congress At present, the infiation rate in Yugo- of that, urging that the gloomy forecasts . slavia is 32 percent per year. According to never invade this country, he said. Despite President Tlto's wariness of a111- coming from many economists be taken with Government statistics, at least 10 per cent of a grain of salt. the country's five million workers are un­ ances with any :rpajor power and despite his employed. bitter break with Stalin in 1948, he retains Mr. Burns believes the President's Coun­ affinities with the Russians. cil of Economic Advisers is too pessimistic in MILLION WORK ABROAD · The Yugoslav leader served the Soviet doubting whether we can anticipate a turn­ About a million other Yugoslavs are nor­ Union directly for a quarter century. ini­ around in the recession in 1975 after all. mally employed in Western Europe, returning tially as a soldier in the Red Army and sub­ President Ford also is warning against a more than $1-billion of remittances to fami­ sequently as an agent of the Comintern. De­ panicky reaction to economic news, especially lies in Yugoslavia every year. spite the subsequent differences he had with the recent report that the unemployment But as economic conditions in the West Moscow, President Tito remains a product of rate had reached 8.2 per cent, the highest deteriorate, Yugoslav workers have been Soviet political indoctrination. since 1941. coming home by the tens of thousands. Just how bad is our economic situation? There are signs that Yugoslavia may be There is an old truism that whether we de­ plunged into a severe onsor of bigger deficit. · the Senate repeal bill, calls the laws· a '.'fOrm A ballooning federal deficit ·can have enly· of legalized price fixing." two consequences. One of them is to drain Fair trade legislation was first introduced capital away from the private sector of the in Congress in 1914, but until .tne .Pepres­ economy which creates productive jobs with sion of the 1930s it was frowne~ upon by; the HON. JAMES M. JEFFORDS its capital investments. The other is a reck­ Supreme Court. But after widespread price PF VERMONT less expansion of the money supply which wars of the early Depression years prompted IN TliE HOUSE OF R]\:PRESENT~TIVES will subject the healthy part of our economy several states to pass such laws, the Supreme to further ravages of inflation, the most Court upheld one enacted in Illinois. Fair Monday, March 10, 1975 serious threat it faces. trade legislation gained further momentum Mr. JEFFORDS. Mt. Speaker, today· I One thing that should make any econ­ after Congress passed the Miller-Tydings.Act omist dismal these days is the . possibility of 1937, which exempted the state laws from ani introducing legislation that will, I that Congress will throw all caution .to the federal antitrust laws. This enabled goods am convinced, go a long way toward al­ winds in borrowing and spending under the with fair-traded prices affiXed to be sold in leviating the energy crisis which is so mistaken impression that government .. can interstate commerce. When the Supreme much a threat to the economic, social, 1 cure this recession. In so doing .it,:would :d~ Court ln 1951 narrowed the effect of the arid political 'weU-1:ieffig of· 'the eountri.' stroy the vitallty of the private: sector. of th~ . Miller-Tydings Act, Congress responded by a:rid which will save 1 million barrels of economy, which is where the. se.eds of ; re~v-:. broadening it again in 1952 through the oil per day by 1980 and over 2 million ery must ineVitably take root. . ...·.· , ...... McGuire Act. Every attempt since then to per day by 1985. · · repeal the federal legislation has failed. , At one time, 46 states had fair trade laws. The Congress is aware, Mr~ Speaker, of That number has dropped to 36 now but the vital role played by petroleum and FAIR TRADE LAWS MEAN PRICE·· it still means that more than 70 percent of petroleum products ·in the economy•and the country is covered by this nefarious defense of the United States. Our great FIXING price-fixing practice, including Maryland industries and businesses require an ade­ and Virginia. quate and certain fiow of petroleum to HON. ROBERT .McCLORY Senator Brooke pointed out, for. examP,le, sustain productivity and employment that a quantity of Bayer aspirin costing OF U.LINOIS $1.48 in the fair-trade state of Maryland and to instill confidence in ·the market..; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES casts 99 cents in the District of Columbia, place. Unfortunately, the United Statei is vulnerable to economic pressure from Monday, March 10, 1975 which has no fair trade law. The Brooke bill, and a companion measure in the House foreign oil-producing nations, because ·it Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, exemp­ authored by Representative Robert McClory, imports 40 percent of its petroleum ·prod-' tions from antitrust laws .have a· way of would repeal federal legislation that exempts ucts. Moreover, we are advised that d()-1 impeding competition and ·providing ar- the state laws from the national antitrust mestic energy sources may be exhausted tificially high prices. · act. If passed, this would open the state raws within 25 years if the existing con8ump.i to legal challenge and it is expected· that Mr. Speaker, on January 29, 1975, I the Supreme Court would strike them down tton growth pattern continues. ·But- I '·be.:.. introduced H.R. 2390 to repeal exemp­ as violations of antitrust laws. lieve we need not sl>eed helplessly dowri tions in the Federal antitrust laws relat­ An indication of the way sentime_nt is the road to economic and social ruin· for ing to fair trade laws. This bill, referred moving toward repeal is the support Brooke's we. can act decisiVely to · c·onserve ' oure~ to as "The Price Reduction Act of 1975," legislation has gained across party and !~eo­ ergy supplies and use them :mo~ · effi- is a companion measure to S: 408 intro­ logical lines. Two formerly strong _pro-falr ciently. · duced in the other body by Senator Eo trade senators, Hubert Humphrey and Wil­ · Approximately ·40 percent of the crude BRooKE, of. Massachusetts.. The measur-e liam Proxmire, didn't show up to defend the oil consumed in the United' State'S' ·is 'at• is,directed at retail .price fixing which is laws at the Senate hearings. Support for. r~ peal also has come from the Ford .t:'dm~­ tributable ·to gasoline consumed in auto­ engaged in through contracts between istration. mobiles so it is emiriently logical tha:t manufacturers or distributors and retail . The main argument underlying f~ir trade conservation ·measures applied to' such merchant&:-:-fixing; the retail prices of laws is that small businessmen need prp. use would. have a salutary etiect on "the certain. trademarks or brand name tection from price cutting by discoun.t houses total supply of gasoline and other· petro'.. products. and large chain stores. It was pointed out leum products. One of the most· appro~ Mr. Speaker, a most convincing .edi­ by witnesses at the senate hearing, however, priate measures we can take is to quiCk'en torial in support of the measure which that a study of small business fallu,r~ be­ the shift of consumer demand towaTd tween 1933 and 1958 showed no difference in Senator BRooKE and I are spo:QSoring the failure rate between states with fair more efficient automobiles. Recent stud­ appeared in the Sunday, March 9 ~ue of trade laws and those without. Thomas Kau­ ies indicate that, when present automd .. th~ Washington Star. I am pleas.ed to per, assistant attorney general for the Jus­ bile technology, the fuel efficiency of pas­ attach a copy of this editorial to these tice Department's antitrust division, argued senger automobiles could be increased remarks for the benefit and attention of that fair trade laws actually stifl.e competl• by 60 percent· ·by 1980·· without' further my colleagues and all those concerned tion, protect inefficient retailers, di~courage delays in implementing the emission­ witn .this issue: · marketing innovations and d'1scourage the control standards under the Clean Air establishment of new small businesses. FAm TRADE-oR PRICE FIXING? . . . • Another argument by fair · trade propo­ Act. . "Fair trade" laws have outlived whatever nents· iS that it protects a :ttadem~_!'k's ~teg.;. Accordingly, I ' am introducing legisla­ usefulness they had, if indeed .. they ever ~tty. This is a sham that attempts to equate tion designed to reduce' ·consumption ·of had any. So it is not s.urprist.ng :tpat .a . move high prices and good merchandise. Its Uke gasoline by encouraging the purchase of is afoot again in Congress to repeal .legisla­ saying that Arab oll at an OPEC-fixed price more efficient automobiles through a sys.:. tion that allows manufacturers tO dictate of about $11 a barrel is better than it was the pdc"e at which retailers :tnust sell· their tem of excise taxes and tax credits which at the old $3 a barrel price established 1n will result in an estimated savings of ·1 products. The chance of success ·this time the marketplace. . looks surprisingly good, . · .. . .. · · · · ·- • · million barrels of oil per day by 1980 and With inflation pickmg the pookets of con­ 2 In fact, a Senate Judici-ary subcommittee sumers on every side, it makes no sense at all million per day by 1985. My bill begins to testl.fy in favor of retaining fair tratte to continue to maintain. artificially high with the model year 1977,levies a tax on laws. After three days of hearings last month, cars with urban fuel economy. below 15.5 the subcommittee decided to hold another prices through "fair "trade'' laws. 'One wit­ ness at the Senate hearings estimated that miles .per gallon and provides rebates. to two-day session in April just to make ·sure buyers,o.f cars, wi~h fuel economies .of 17~5 that no one can say he didn't ha'Ve ·an op­ retail prices on ••talr-tra~ed" items are Th~ point portunity to be heard. If all goes weu,- ~he around 20 percent :pigher in states that have and above. break-even becomes Senate. should have a .repealer.. approved. by the laws." · · · · · ····· ' · · mpre .stt1ngen~. eacb Y~f until the model ,the end of.sprlng and, hopef~ly:, the .ltouae l"ederal . Trad~ . . CQ~ission 9hatn:nan _y.~~r . ~98~ ·. t:Qe .. t!lx .~ l~yi~ ~-o~ 2~ ·!i ~~I\:" be .~ar behtn!f, H~l,\~: ~}l~~cl~cy : PR~-:o L.ew~ E~gfl\a.n xnade t~is, ~l>ser.v!'tl~t;l. 4~~ m,~I~s Poet g~llqn ~P.4 .t~e,. re~at.e· is. t(i"~~-~ March 1 o, 1'975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ·_. ~945 ·above 22.5 miles per gallon. Further, the maker, but instead gives a positive in­ ten to advise that he believes. the HoU$e bill prohibits the marketing, through a centive to the consumer and to the more investigation i>f the CIA is an unneces­ high'"""-50 pe1·cent-excise tax on very in­ conservation-minded and · innovative sary duplication of the investigation efficient cars, beginning in. model ·year portions of our automobne industry. 'l11e being undertaken by the Senate. . 1978 with ·cars below 13 miles per gallon 1·evenues initially generated will be put He feels so strongly about this matter and proceeding upwards until leveling oft to· a use germane to the legiSlation. And, that· he wants it brought to the attention at 25 miles per gallon in 1985. The sched­ in conjunction with other measures, it of other Members of the House and I ule of. excise tax/rebates follows at the goes a long way toward freeing us from am placing it in the RECORD to inform my end of. these remarks. The tax/rebate dependence on insecure foreign oil colleagues about his views: system terminates with model year 1982, supplies. MENDOTA HEIGHTS, MINN., but we are left with minimum miles-per­ I introduce this legislation with the February 27, 1975. gallon requirements in order to prevent justifiable expectation that its passage Congressm;:m ALBERT QuiE, the industry from backsliding as it _ha.s in will constitute a great step in our efforts Federal Building, Fort Snelling, St. Paul, Minn. . recent years.· I assume modes~ imp;rove- to overcome the energy· crisis. and estab­ CONGRESSMAN QuiE: The purpose of 'this . merits in technology in the 1980-85 pe­ lish a firm base for · the continued eco._ letter. 18 tO ;register ~ stron·g protest against riod, .enough to·i~P -rQv~ 'titei. economy by 'nomic and ·social development of om.: the ·~ous~ of Rep,resent~tives proposed hear- . ·1985 to 85 percent .over 1~ _75 ~tandards. country; . . . . ·· : . . ings on the CIA. I can see no significant I have no doubt that Detroit is capable . I include the .following.information: value in reprOducing a. study which. 1~ goliig of such improvements. ' ' . . ' . . .' to lie done by the Senate. It seems to be a Aside.from the great improvements -_in EXCISE TA~/RE~ATE SC~EDULE · colossal wa8te of time and money. ' · · energy conservation this'bill would stim­ · . ·Th~t the ·House of Representativ~s would. Model year and rated fuel econ.omy Rebate waste time doing this indicates to me, an.d ulate, it would provide additional eco­ to people I have talked to, that whatever nomic benefits. The demand elasticity in leadership the1·e is in the House has lost 19 . the auto industry ranges from 0.6 to 1.5. rb~ve 23•5______1, 000 track of why you were all elected. If an average elasticity of 1.0 is taken, 21.5 to 23.5 ______:_ ___ soo It might also seem that there would be then a 1-percent reduction in price 19.5 to 21.5______700 more important issues for me to correspond would ·achieve a 1-percent increase in ~~:~ :~ ~~:~:: :::::::: :::::::::::::::::======------~~~ to you about. However, I a.m .trying to express demand. A. tax credit amounting to 10 13.5 to 15.5______1200 my disgust and frustration with what I con­ percent, for example, would substantiallY Below 13.5------t250 skier to be a "do-nothing" Congress. I hope 19 that you might be able to use this letter in shift demand to smaller cars as well as ~tve 24.5 ______1,000 some manner to generate some constructive increase total unit demand. According to 22.5 to 24.5 ______900 action in the House of Representatives. the Department of Commerce, each bil- ~g:~ :~ ~~}:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·::: :: ~gg Yours truly, 16.5 to 18.5 ______: ______lion dollars in increased demand for c. G. KRUSE, P.E. small cars-250,000 cars-would gener- U:~:~ ~~}::::::::::::::::::::::· ::::::::::: · · ! ~~g ate a substantial stimulus to the econ- Below 13·------<•> 25 19 . ,, omy -including. $1 billion· in· GNP, $~ ~1~ve 25.5...... ~ . '--:~ -·--~-'----"---.!: ... ~-~--- · 1• ~ BANK OFFICIAL HELPS CUSTOMERS. '·. ' ., miUion·in wages and salal'i~s-$240 . mi~·- ·. 23.5to25.5 ______L.-"------~------·IN· MEETING ECONOMIC ·DIFPI- · ~~Jjo~L.~~~oJ~~u~1~:~~~~~ '. .H:HHU:::::==~~=~== · ~::::· :::: .:;::~~====~::; ___ ·~-~~ - ·CVLTIES · ., ·~ and $750 million in pers~nal income . 15.5 to 17.5 ...· .~.-- .~-- - ::·- ----~--- -~------. : ~gg , . . 1 ·I throughout·the .w~ole econrimy. · · ~· ' ~~~~w ~i::::==~=~= i~=(= ·==~::::::::::::. ~=~=~= · ta> - HON. LAWRENCE COUGHilN :· ..· : · • I • , •• . .:Jn ~d~tio:Q, Mr·. Sp~ker; I ·w:ould like · 1980: · • ·' ., · . .. · · · · . , · , ;. 'i>:EN:NsnvANIA 1 000 0 · · ' · '• · ~ :POint ·out that 'although the · tax/ · ~l.%v:!,~~k:===~~ :===~=~:::::: ·::::~::::::::: · 900 ;m ·THE ·HOUSE OF RE~RESENTATI'VEs' · · \ · rebate system is skewed in the dii·ectio~ · 22.5 to 24.5 ...... ~:...... ~ ------700 of the rebate my revenue analysis shows 20.5 to 22.5------.:·------500 Monday, March 10, 1975 .in model years 1977 and 1978 revenues ~~:~~l~}:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·-----i4iio Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, at a . will greatly exceed rebates, perhaps bY 16 to 16 · 5 ----- ~--. ------~- 1 ~ time when our Nation is su1Ier1ng from as much as $1 billion. The excess is to 19f:~ow ~~------~-- the gravest economic crisis since the be placed i~ a trust fund for use by the ~~v: ¥7~------~------;; 1• ~~ Great Depression, it takes the resources. Administ~tor of the Energy Research 23:5 t~ 25:5::::::::::::::::::~ ::::::::::::::: 700 and concerted efforts of all .sectors of and Development Agency..;_ERDA-for 21.5 to 23.5. :.-----~------'---- -.:------500 society to restore economic stability. No deyelopment of conservation technol- n:~ :~ f~}======·======·==::==------i4iio longer can we afford to sit back apathet- ogies and alternative energy sources. BelOw 17.5 ______. _____ :.; · (I) ically and leave the repairs to others. 1982 Other significant features . of the bill ~bove 28.5_ ------1, ooo Only through the Wlited endeavors of include the following: 26.5 to 2_8.5 ______, · 900 government, business, the academie com- All models are labeled with their rated 24.5 to 26.5·------···------~-.; 700 munity, and private citizens will the fuel economy and the tax/rebate iU :~ ~U:::::::::::::::::::::::. ::::::==~------~ vitality of America be preserved. awarded. . . . 20 to 21.5 ______·----~------.; • 500 Our complex problems require imagi- 20 . The_re are ~n~l~i~s . f~r ~~~ne m~g :. Below ·--·------•-•·"-···----"·------·· (t) . native· aJid innovative ·approaches foi' _a l?'l:lsiness of al~iin~ c~rs. after s~e - ~ : i Excise tax. · their resolution. We sho~d provide pub- ' sue)). .a; way as to de~ad~ p.~~p~~ce. · . · 2 so per'cent of ·purchase price. · lie recognition, .moreover, for. those who . ; ~ Foreign car~ a,.:e . eligibl~ for. the. tax : . · . · , , •· dare to be creative and have the fortitude b~t ~~t tp.e .r~bate. · • ·· · · ·. · Note: Tlie tax rebate' Schedule terminates 'with model year to test novel ideas. I therefore ask my col- . · Emerge~cy and law enforcement veh1~ 1982, .but in order !o !"aintl\in and improve fuel ec:oROmy tile leagUes ·in Congress to join me in salut- cles ar~ exem~ted~ · foHowmR.schedute •s '" force: :· · · . • · ing' a young woman for her resourcefUl- · The DirectOr of the' Environmental .. 1983-: Below . 22.J---~------50 P,ercentof purchase pm:e...... ' - • . •...... - . • Protection Age~cy is direCted to develop · 1:=· :O~o;,!~after:~seiow· g~: ne:S~~r:~~!~~~~. the loa'n· manager tests to determme that the fuel ~onomy 2s. of ·the Suburban Bank of Norristown rates can be reasonably maintained over Pa., has perfonned a most unusual and the lifetime of the car. HOUSE INVESTIGATION OF CIA commendable service. Troubled by the I feel this kind of legislation, Mr. bigb unemployment rate of the bank's Speaker, 1s much preferable to either delinquent loan customers, she ·began further price increases or rationing of HON. ALBERT H. QUIE contacting area businesses in an eftort gasoline. Our citizens cannot afford fur- oF MINNEsoTA to secure work for 'these people. Through tber price rises, and rationing. would be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ms. Lawless' efforts, 47 people have ob- very expensive and clumsy to administer. tabled full- or part-time- employmen-t It permits the conswner to spend less on Monday, March 10• 1975. ranging from industrial plant painting fuel and more on the ·rest· o! his marke-t Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, one of my to secretarial duties. Her concem and · basket. ·It is not punitive to the auto- constituents, Mr. c. G. Kruse, has writ- dedlcatJon ~ertainly deserve our sincere 5946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March. 10, 1975 . ' gratitude. Not only has she restored dig.. maize-ihe sti.pte food of. the majority­ Da. RbSE. E. BORGES ruty to the lives of many, but she has also which used tO be imported in: large qua.nti­ Dr. Rose E. Borges was born ·tJ:i DJ.gh ton; provided an encouraging example and tie8. Rice production has reached 70 per cent Massachusetts on nee. 28, 1906, one of eight incentive for everyone disturbed by these of the national need a.nd Ghana hopes to children born to Manuel S. and Annie Borges. becom& seU-suffic:lent in rice this year. She graduated from the Dighton South unfortunate times. The success story of the economic recovery School, the BMC Durfee High School in Fall Mr. John Carr, president of Suburban during the past three years will for long be River, received a B.S. in Education and a Bank of Norristown, is also to be com .. remembered. The strict discipline injected Masters in Education from Bridgewater mended for providing the atmosphere into the economy by the Government since St at e Teachers College and continued on for which fosters such public-spirited en­ coming into office has paid off so well that a Doctorate in Education from Calvin College deavors of his employees. I am sure that the country has been able to record a balance in Boston in 1958. of trade surplus for the fu·st time in the past Dr. Borges has the distinction of being Mr. Carr recognizes the asset he has in two successive years. Ms. Lawless. I am certain, moreover, that the first and only woman born and brought To improve the quality of life of the peo­ up in Digh t on to have earned a Doctorate my colleagues will join me in extending ple, the Government has introduced schemes in Education . thanks to Ms. Lawless for her unique for accelerated improvement in housing, Sl1e t augh t at the Flat Rock School, the contribution in trying to overcome our health and education. A crash programme South Sch ool, the North Primary School and economic difficulties. on low-cost houses for the low-income group the Dighton Elementary School. She was is being pursued vigorously and work is in unanimously voted as Supervising Principal progress to complete, this year alone, some of t he Elem. School in 1960, helping and five thousand houses started under the guiding the children of Dighton these many scheme. yea1·s. GHANA CELEBRATES 18TH ANNI­ A new "Health-on-Wheels" scheme, aimed VERSARY OF INDEPENDENCE In 1959. while in Caracas, Venezuela, she at providing more adequate medical serv­ organized the Camp Alegre Teachers Associa­ ices for the rural areas through mobile clin­ tion and was elected president. HON. ANDREW YOUNG ics, has also been instituted. Her many educational memberships in­ The Government has recently launched a clude t he Dighton Teachers Assoc., Bristol OF GE ORGIA five-year development plan aimed 8lt effect­ County Teachers Assoc., Mass. Elem. Teachers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing a structural transformation of the coun­ Assoc. an d t he National Reth·ed Teachers try's economy and promoting full and effi­ Monday, March 10, 1975 Assoc. cien t u se of all of the nation's resources. Her civic and charitable memberships in­ Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, The Government of Ghana has always en­ clude organizing the P.A.C.L. of Dighton, on March 6, 1975, Ghana celebrated the couraged foreign pMticipation in our econ­ serving as its president for five years, and omy, and during the past year many foreign also servin g as secretary and treasurer of 18th anniversary of her independence. companies, including United States busi· As part of the observances of the in­ the St ate Supreme Council. She organized .th~ nesses, took advantage of a wide range of Dight on Girl Scout Troop and served as lead­ dependence of Ghana, I am placing in fiscal and tax incentives and good infra­ the RECORD a statement which illustrates er for two years. She held office in the Digh· structure to invest in Ghana. The country ton Rock Grange and holds a silver star the vitality and determination of the continued to maintain very fruitful partner­ ships with United States companies, such as cert ificat e of membership. She is a member people of Ghana, and their desire to de­ of the Mass. State Grange and a Seventh De~ velop a friendly partnership with the Kaiser Aluminum, Firestone Tire and Rubber gree Member of the National Grange. Company, Union Carbide, and Star-~ist. American people. She is a charter member of the Dighton The Honorable Samuel E. Quarm, Am­ To give pr.acti~al expression to out rela­ !nstorical Society and works with the Jr. bassador from Ghana to the United tions with our neighbors, Gha.na is exporting Historical Societ y as w.ell as with otber youth electrical power to Togo and Dahomey and groups. States, kindly provided.this paper. It is a continues to pursue a policy of friendship pleasure to congratulate Ambassador Many years were spent working on th& and co-operation with all countries. Dighton Rehoboth Regional Scholarship Quarm and the people of Ghana for We are determined to succeed, a.nd with their nation's achievements and prog­ hard work and the sympa.thetic co-operation Fund and the Edwin R. Wyeth Scholarship our friends, we a.re sure we will. Fund. During Dighton's 250th Anniversary, ress, and to extend best wishes for con­ oi she was Pageant Chairman for the Dighton tinued success and leadership in Africa ElementaTy School. _ · · and the world. She proved to be an .ardent worker of the The statement follows: American Red Cross and was director Df t DR. BORGES DESERVES HIGHEST· GHANA CELEBRATES 18TH ANNIVERSARY OF Junior Red Cross. She was instrumental in PRAISE organizing the P.T.A. of Dighton. INDEPENDENCE Dr. Borges also holds memberships in the Ghana. is today celebrating the eighteenth Coimbra Club, st. Peter's Women's Guild, anniversary of her independence, at a time the National ·Federation of Republican Wom· when the whole world is beset by infiation HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER en, the Taunton Area. Mental Health, and coupled with sharp increases in the prices OF MASSACHUSETTS the Dighton Council on Aging. of petroleum products. Nonetheless, Ghana IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We extend to Dr. Rose E. Borges our best is forging ahead With determination in her Monday, March 10, 1975 wishes f.or a long, happy and healthful retire­ development programme aimed at raising ment with many pleasant memories of her the standard of living of her people. Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. contribution to the Town of Dighton. Three years ago the Government of Ghana Speaker, words and phrases such as addressed herself to the major task of mak­ "thank·you" or 4 'job well done" are used ing the country self-reliant to the highest possible degree within her resources. The constantly-especially by those in our Government therefore placed emphasis on profession. Overuse has numbed our .OREGON'S VOICE OF DEMOCRACY agricultur& development as the general senses to their real meaning. Persistent WINNER strategy to spearhead the country's econom­ use of flattery has often rendered the ic development. The adoption of this policy compliment pointless. was dictated by the actual conditions of the However, the need arises when it is HON. ROBERT DUNCAN economy at that time, and Ghanaians were essential to say "thanks" with a very spe­ called upon to muster all available resources OF OREGON cial emphasis and meaning. This is one of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to produce the food needed by the nation. those times. The programme known as "Operation Feed Monday, March 10. 1975 Yourself" was regarded as an emergency I would like to take this opportunity to operation aimed at reducing the country's bring to the attention of my colleagues Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, crippling dependence on food imports. The the outstanding service of Dr. Rose we live in an age of antllieroes, of anti­ years 1972-74 were therefore declared to be Borges of Dighton, Mass. Her dedication, patriotism, of widespread dissatisfaction "Agricultural War Years", devoted to the hard work, and renowned skill in the with our system of government. It is increased production of selected crops and teaching field deserve the highest praise. very heartening to me to come across a livestock. The basic policy under the pro­ gramme 1s the rapid and orderly develop· Mr. Speaker, I would like my colleagues young adult who is able to sort a little ment of agriculture towards self-sufllciency to have the chance to learn of the ac­ of the wheat from the chaff--one who in food and raw matertals and the dlversi· complishments of Dr. Borges. A short is able to cope with the confusion around fication of agricultural exports. biography highlighted .the program at a us and still see how many of the basic Produotion targeots have been exceeded. recent testimonial in her behalf. I com­ premises and ideals of our country's e.nd Ghana. has beoome self-sufficient in mend it to my colleagues: founders are still sound. 1 March 101 19·75 EXTENSIONS OF ·REMARK'S ~- · t • 1L ·, • 5947 Gregory .Shook, · one of my constitu- · izen, do everything in my power to defend centuries. The most widely accepted ents, is a junior at Benson High·School · these,inalienable human rights. . , .answer is that there is a prime mover, or in Portland, and is the son of Ronald · Our goal ill to !o~!:!ie a new natiOnal corp.-:- a God . somewhere that created man It mitment, a new spu1t, a spirit which vital- ' . · and Charmaine Shook. He is the Oregon · izes the ideals for which the revolution was · see~ to m~ . that 1t is folly to plac~ . a State winner of the Veterans of Foreign fought a spirit which will unite this nation curtam of Silence over such a troubling Wars-sponsored Voice of Democracy in purpose and in dedication to the advance- spiritual question. Schoolchildren should contest. It is a pleasure for me to intro- ment of human welfare as it moves into its be made aware of the beliefs of the men duce into the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD his . third century. who founded this country, and of the speech which gives us all a fresh look · At the time of the American revolution, thinking of great thinkers about the na­ at a seemingly passe quality: good over half of the revolutionary .army was un- ture of the universe and man. .tizenship and its value in our society der the age of 18· It seems fittmg, then, that My fear is that atheism is a greater Cl the young people of today's America play a . . today: vital and active role in our country's growth. ~anger to the A~e1·~can way of llfe than MY REsPoNSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN Many people have devoted their· entire IS any prayer srud In a school. Our so- (By Gregory Shook) 11ves for the welfare of our country, and I, · ciety is troubled today with a lack of The 13 original colonies had a population . as a responsible American citizen, shall never · values and our young people are seek­ of 3 million people. Half of them were under · stand aside and wring my hands in the face ing meaningful guidance with which to 16, and 90 percent lived off the land. In·2oo of soci~ problems. I view this life as an op- direct their lives. Although our Nation portumty and challenge to inspire deeper h •t f d d years, America has become a nation of 205 patriotism and loyalty through actions and w en ~ .was o~ e 199 years ago was million people C?f which 66 percent live in deeds, for to me, a patriotic spirit will keep a C~r1st1an natwn! we now have many large communitles. America in the future the free democracy religwns which enrich our culture. None- With increasing urbanization, America . it is tod~y . ' theless, the majority of our people believe today faces ~epersonaliza.tion and com- in God, and we are letting a minority- puterization that could never have been en- atheists-decide what our people should- visioned by the men who signed the d · Declaration of Independence. PRAYER SHOULD BE RESTORED TO o. . . . However, we should not forget or ignore ALL PUBLIC BUn..DINGS It IS my honest opimon that the Su- their ideals of human dignity and freedom. · preme Court misapplied a great consti- Those ideas, which inspired our independ- HON. J .. HERBERT BURKE tutional provision, and I cannot see how ence, are still vital, but are merely being saying a prayer would be embarrassing te&ted in new ways. Since this society pro- OF FLORIDA to any child, nor, can I see· how an of- vides equal opportunity and full citizenship IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . ficial religion would be established under for all of its members, we must commit . . ourselves to respond to these provisions with Monday, March 10, 1975 a resolution which would allow those who the utmost of our abillty. Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, wish to say a prayer to say one. To deny After our country's independence, there today I introduced my bill proposing a schoolchildren this voluntary act, I feel, were many problems which our forefathers constitutional amendment with respect denies them the opportunity of sharing faced in order for America to become a self- to offering prayer in public buildings. I in the splendid heritage of this Nation. sufficient republic and to develop good rela- There are suits in Federal court seek­ tiona with other countries. It was people, . previously introduced this legislation in ing to stop worship services at the White united and working together for a common · the 91st, 92d, and 93d. Congresses and it cause, who solved these problems. The mo- is my sincere hope that the 94th Con- House •. ai?-d religious services in. the Capi­ tivation and loyalty of these people should · gress will enact this legislation. tol cla1mmg that these are a VIolation of be emulated and respected in order to renew Since the Supreme Court decision on the first amendment to the Constitution the spirit of patriotism. June 25, 1962, in Engle against Vitale, which says that: Contemporary society must also work to- schoolchildren have not been allowed Congress shall make no law respecting an gether in order to solve common problems group prayer in public schools. It is establishment of religion, or prohibiting the and achieve common goals which will pro- free exercise thereof. vide for the lives of future generations. ironic that the Court opened its session During the last presidential election, ap- that day in the same manner that it Objections have also been raised to proximately 68 percent of an registered vot- continues even now-with the heads of · prayers and Bible readings by U.S. astro­ ers participated. Voting is one of the great- those assembled bowed and the bailiff . nauts while on missions in space. est privileges of our citizenship. It is imper- -asking "God preserve this honorable It ative that each citizen become an informed ,court." seems that the free exercise of re­ voter. Know what candidates stand for and ligion is indeed under fire, arid it is my vote for those who will best represent your As a Member of the House of Repre­ feeling that public buildings and public views. One of the greatest threats to a de- sentatives I took an oath to support the institutions benefit from prayers said in mocracy is an uninformed public, for history Constitution "so help me God." In the them as does American society. It is my has shown that when the people become House Chamber over the Speaker's desk ·hope that this legislation will be enacted weak, the dictator becomes strong. United, is the motto "In God We Trust," and the before our 200th birthday so that prayer our democracy will stand strong. In order to ·House opens each session with a prayer may once again become an integral part solve some of our country's current problems from the Chaplain whose salary is paid of our heritage. · and provide for the welfare of future gen- from public funds. erl:'-tions, we must also learn to practice some I cannot believe that the Founding self sacrifice. Many American people take F th h th for granted that the excellent provisions of a · ers, w en ey wrote the Constitu- SOME ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE our current society will remain here forever. tion, intended that separation of the HOUSE SMALL BUSINESS COM- We must always think of the future, and church and sta.te be taken to this MITTEE IN THE p take action which will maintain these pro- ex t reme. P u blIC. reverence In· t h e history UBLIC INTERES'J_' visions. There is no need for us to devaluate of these United States is a matter of our life style, we merely need to alter it in very long and general record. We began HON. JOE L. EVINS order to conserve our country's natural re- with the Pilgrims whose first town hall OF TENNESSEE sources and to maintain a favorable eco- was also a meeting house for religious nomic enterprise. services. Congress opens with prayer as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Do unto others as you would want others do other legislative assemblies. Almost Monday, March 10, 1975 to do unto you, The Golden Rule, which is an all State constitutions invoke God's help. ancient rule but is entirely applicable to Repeatedly our Presidents proclaim na­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker.. modern times. We must attempt to be ob- t' 1 d -the House Small Business Committee servant, knowledgeable, discussant, and fi- 10na ays of prayer and thanksgiving. was recently expanded and enlarged and nally reactive to the problems faced by the God is in the Pledge of Allegiance and on provided with legislative authority which less fortunate. our coins. will enable the committee to be of even Our Constitution embodies the concept of Man is set apart from the animal king- greater assistance to small businessmen Golden Rule by guaranteeing an citizens the dom by his power to think and to ques­ throughout the Nation. right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- tion. One of the most basic questions Through the 34 years of its existence, piness without regard to race, creed, or sex. ·asked by each person is why am I here the committee as a select committee haS I am proud ·to be a member of a country 1n and ·by what power was I created. Seek­ ·rendered yeoman service to small busi­ which the government respects the well being .ing the answer to this question has kept· nessmen-the committee is unique to of the people, and I wm, as a .responsible cit- philosophers and scientists occupied for. that much of its work involves speciflc ClCKI----376--Part5 ! .. 5948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS :I Ma ~rch 10, 1975' p1•oblems of small businessmen, many of Energy Administr·ation, in order to clar­ 'I'he committee investigated allega:.. these problems reaching the committee ify the statils of and ·expedite the han­ tions of unfair trade practices and, where by 1·eferral of Members of the House. dling of applications for allocations of warranted, forwarded the case to the In this connection it is well to remem­ petroleum products as provided for under appropriate agency for action. ber that members of the committee led the act. Subsequent to such contacts and The committee coordinated communi­ the successful effort to have the Small action by the appropriate company or cation between FEA enforcement and Business Administration established as a agency, many small business petroleum compliance operations and small ·busi­ temporary agency in 1953 and as a per­ marketers and small business purchasers ness associations in order to mitigate the manent agency of Government in 1958. who needed petroleum in order to con­ bw·dens of enforcement of FEA regula­ It became obvious to committee mem­ tinue their manufacturing or retail oper­ tions and to avoid enforcement difficul­ bers as they sough~ to assist small busi­ ation were able to obtain the needed ties arising from lack of information or ness that a "one-stop shop" was needed product. use of erroneous information by field en­ in the Federal Government to champion Gasoline retailers who had been termi­ forcement personnel. the cause of small business and to con­ nated by their suppliers were assisted. The committee aided small bu iness centrate on the problems of small busi- · Major oil companies were contacted and competitively disadvantaged by FEO/ ness. In addition, this single agency con­ appropriate Federal statutes cited point­ FEA regulations or proposed regulations solidating small business programs ing out the requirement that suppliers by calling small business issues to the scattered throughout the Federal Gov­ continue to do business with their dis­ agency's attention and suggesting ways el'Illllent would be an efficient and con­ tributors. Subsequent to these contacts, to fulfill legitimate small business needs venient service to small businessmen small business distributors obtained lease without disturbing the fundamental ob- needing assistance. With SBA in exist­ renewals and a resumption of their sup­ jectives of the regulations. · ence any small businessman no longer plies of petroleum products. On behalf of small business purchasers had to travel from agency to agency Members and their small buSiness and sellers of futures contracts, com.; seeking assistance. . constituents were ·helped in obtaining pla~nts of violations of Federal law per:.. In addition, members of the committee · answers to questions . and interpreta­ taining to futures trading were brought were instrumental in assuring the con­ tions regarding Cost of Living Council to the attention of the Commodity Ex-:­ tinued independence of SBA. phase IV oil regulations. Contacts were change Authority, the Federal agency From time to time through the years, made with the Cost of Living Council charged with enforcement of the Com­ there have been efforts to return the and later, the Federal Energy Office­ modity Exchange Act. functions of SBA to one of the big de­ which subsequently assumed administra­ Information on the operation of the partments-primarily the Department tion of price controls on petroleum­ commodity futures markets and the pro­ of Commerce-removing SBA's in­ concerning the needs of small business tections afforded by the Commodity Ex­ dependent status and transferring the petroleum marketers for price increases, change Act and the Rules and Regula­ functions of SBA to a big bureaucracy. especially the needs of the commission tions issued thereunder were supplied to This would amount to turning the agents who were discriminated against Members and their constituents. clock back and returning this small busi­ when permission was given to distribu­ At the requests of small hotel and ness agency to a subordinate status. tors to increase prices to reflect an in­ motel operators, the committee continued This was not in the best interests of crease in their overhead. · to pursue its efforts to have the various small businessmen and our committee Contacts were made with petrochem­ branches of the Armed Services use pri­ in . bipa1·tisan efforts have successfully ical manufacturers to insure that small vate facilities available within the imme­ opposed these plans. business purchasers wel.·e obtaining their diate area of Federal installations for Today SBA remains strong and in­ fair share of available petrochemicals temporary lodging instead of having the dependent. and other byproducts. base construct its own facilities. · The committee's assistance to small The committee assisted small busi­ The committee also assisted small businessmen can be cited from year to nesses in seeking alternative sources of trailer park owners in averting the con­ year-and there were many such in:. raw materials, including petrochemical struction ·of duplicate facilities on two· stances in the last sessio.n of the Con­ feedstocks. · · naval bases in Florida. gress. One gasoline retailer's case is illustra­ As a result of a committee investiga­ Examples of the casework of the com­ tive of such assistance provided many tion, all future standards promulgated by mittee are immense, and a few are cited small businesses engaged in petroleum the Clean Air Branch of the Environ­ as follows: marketing and distribution. The small mental Protection Agency will contain During the 93d Congress, the com­ retailer owned his own station and special sections showing the effect of pro­ mittee continued to function in its role the land it was located on, renting the posed standards on small business and as a service committee for the Members gasoline tanks, pumps, sign, and paying their impacts on the competitiveness of the House. Thus, numerous problems in addition a fee for use of the oil com­ within an industry. encountered by the small business con­ pany's trademark. The supplier decided When tne Cost of Living Council un­ stituents of the Members were reviewed to terminate supplying the station, be­ expectedly lifted its price controls on by the committee and its staff. Anum­ cause it failed'to meet the supplier's "ap­ certain foods prior to the expiration of . ber of the matters referred to the com­ pearance standards" and was a so-called the announced duration of these con­ mittee by Members called for the de­ "shaggy dog" station. The station was trols, many commodity traders were velopment of information useful to the located in an w·ban area removed from caught short and unable to sell their con­ .Members in responding to their con­ interstate highways or major through­ tracts and faced the possibility of severe stituents. In many instances, the mat­ way business. The station's business was financial losses as a direct result of the ters required investigations, studies, and largely gasoline to loeal customers and Government's policy. The committee meetings with appropriate officials of the repair work and op,erations could not \Vorked with the Cost of Living Council Federal departments and agencies, and continue to exist .without gasoline sup­ and obtained an order from the Depart­ . often resulted in remedial administrative plies. After contacts by the committee to ment of Agriculture which froze the action helpful to the small .businessmen. the supplier, the company agreed to con­ price .. of pork bellies and suspended all The matters handled by the committee tinue to supply the station on an un­ future trading for 1 month. This was the cover a wide field, as· can be seen from branded basis at h~storical gasoline pur­ first time a suspension was ordered and examples cited below. · chase levels. In good faith, the retailer . it averted serious financial disruption Due to the energy crisis, many Mem­ was able to purchase the oil company's of many traders and trading houses. · bers communicated with the committee tanks and pumps for a nominal sum. The committee worked with a city that on behalf of their small business con­ The committee provided information owned its own electric plant in obtaining stituents who were affected by the Man­ to numerous Members regarding opera­ fuel needed to operate the plant when datory Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973. tions of regulatory agencies, especially its supplier refused to renew its contract The committee contacted appropriate the Federal Trade Commission. Also, in­ and the city faced the possibility of being State petroleum allocation offices, a num- formation was furnished on ~11 phases of without electricity. . ber of major oil companies, and the the energy shortage, oil shale, offshore The committee worked with the Occu-· Federa1 Energy Office, now the Federal leasing, et cetera, to numerous Members. pational Safety and Health Administra-. March· 10, 1975 EXTENSlONS OF 'REMARKS • I 5949

tion 'and the Small Business Admiilistra­ business opportunity to 'participate in AMERICAN 'AGRICULTURE ~ tion in establishing procedures that Navy's procurement of the· item is pre­ would expedite SBA's consideration ·of served while at the s·ame time Govern­ loans to small businessmen in ··need of .ment will benefit as a result of cost sav­ HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN OSHA improvement loans. ings through increased competition. OF INDIANA The committee prompt'ed the ·Environ­ Many Members of the Congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mental Protection Agency to establish a brought to the committee's attention the Monday, March 10, 1975 program which would prevent th~ major problems of their small business con­ automobile manufacturers from gairiing stituents whose fixed-price contracts Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, I would control of the repair parts and serVices with the Government ·were terminated like to take this opportunity to express industry as a result of the Clean Air or were facing termination for default my concern over the critical problems Act's 5-year/50,000-mile warranty re­ due to unanticipated price increases and facing American agriculture. In the last quirements. material shortages. If the contractor 2 months I have met with·several groups The committee worked wi.th the Occu­ does not qualify for extraordinary re­ of farmers in my district who have ex­ pational Safety and Health 'Administra­ lief as being essential to the national de­ pressed their deep concern about the de­ tion in establishing programs which fense under Public Law 85-804, there is cline of agricultural prices, the increased would assist small businessmen in learn­ little, if anything, that can be done to costs of things that farmers must pur­ ing what the act would require of them. assist the contractor administratively. chase, such as fertilizer, and problems of Such efforts have resulted in.the publish­ Nevertheless, in some of the cases re­ exporting American agricultural com- ing of alphabetized indexes to the stand­ viewed by the committee the circum­ modities to overseas markets. . ards, the creation of home training stances were such as to enable the con­ While Congress is debating the present courses, and the creation of audiovisual tracting ofticer to afford a measure of re­ levels of target prices and loan rates and instruction programs. lief to his small business supplier. Thus, new directions for agricultural policy for The committee provided assistance to the Defense Supply Agency agreed to 1975, I would like to share with the Con­ small retail pharmacists who are suffer­ cancel certain delivery orders for fence gress one of the most articulate letters ing as a result of the rapid ·expansion of posts at no cost to the Government or to that I have received. This letter·written third party prepaid prescription pro­ the small business contractor upon find­ by Mr. Jay L. Bonnell, Rural Route No. grams by having the Justice Department ing that there was a change in the using 3, Kewanna, Ind., is as follows: - agency's requirements. In another case, KEWANNA, IND. Promulgate guidelines whicli delineate CONGRESSMAN F"LOYD FITHIAN: I am a the scope of permissible negotiations be­ a small business bakery which had satis­ farmer and would like to express an opinion tween pharmacists and insurance com­ factorily supplied a local Air Force base to you. I farm 1,070 acres, all of which I raise panies. . with bakery products under certain fixed grain crops, corn and soybeans. I was going Several minority fuel oil distributors price requirements type contracts was to wr~te this letter earlier, but thought may­ complained to Members of the Congress saved from bankruptcy after the prob­ be thmgs would work their way out. · that they were unable to obtain section lem was reviewed by the committee with Early last year our Federal Government 8(a) contracts from the Small Business appropriate Air Force officials. Existing and Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz asked Administration for the delivery of fuel contracts held by the small bakery were the farmers to go all out in production and terminated for default and new con­ let supply and demand regulate farm prices oil to various Federal departments and and do away with Government Controls in agencies. . The Federal Energy Office, tracts negotiated at prices established Agriculture. now the Federal Energy Administration on a week-to-week basis. The farmers did so and after a very wet established certain petroleum allocatio~ The committee staff contacted the sp:ing, summer drought and an early frost and price regulations due to the energy small business advisors and other offi­ thlS past fall, corn and soybean yields were crisis. FEO refused to ID·arit SBA's re­ cials of the military and major civilian cut in half. In a lot more cases even poorer quest for a blanket exemption from procurement agencies urging the use of yields were reported. administrative remedial ·actions where In meantime (during harvest) President the.Se regulations in favor of all minority Ford, by Government action, forced grain firms who are eligible to participate in feasible and possible to alleviate the priee companies to stop exporting grain. This is the 8(a) program but granted an ex­ squeeze and material shortage problems not supply and demand. As a net result corn ei:llption only to those firms already in of the small Government contractor. As­ wheat, and soybean prices have tu~bled the program. The new 8 (a) firms claimed surances were obtained that for future drastically to levels where farmers can't cover that they needed 8 (a) assistanc.e in order contracts economic adjustment clauses costs of producing these grains. to avoid burdensome financial losses and will be used whenever appropriate. Fur­ This is a very poor way to entice farmers to· remain in business. ther, longer term contracts, multiyear to produce more crops when our input coots h~ve risen as much as 50%; namely fertilizer ..~fter informal hearings and meetings contracts, and price reduction options and machinery. conducted by the chairmar. of the Sub­ will not be utilized. The U.S. is still exporting fertilizer to other c<;nnmittee on Minority Small Business The committee assisted a small busi­ countries and this is not stopped just be- E~tel1Jrise, in which representatives, of nessman in obtaining a Government Ac­ cau~e fertilizer prices have gone up. · · · the appropriate Government agencies counting Office investigation of an Air Nitrogen fertilizer I bought for 49.50 per participated, the FEA limitation was Force contract award. · · ton l % years ago now costs 150.00 per ton lifted and Government contracts were A small Government contractor com­ and must be paid for now or I might not even g~t delivery on it when I need it. The fer­ negotiated with the new 8(a) companies. plained that he had not been paid by the tilizer I spread. before planting was 80.00 . A small business subcontractor who General Services Administration on a per ton 1% years ago and is now 126.00 per supplied a large Navy contractor .with maintenance contract for several months. t?n. My supplier for nitrogen says I can have an essential 'component part of a certain The committee staff investigated the no more than I used last year and I was cut item ~omplained that the prime . con­ matte1: and the contractor thereupon re­ Ys of normal usage then. President Ford says tracl!<>r had built an in-house capability ceived due payment on the Monday fol­ on T.V. news broadcast there will be enough to manufacture the component part. The lowing his visit to his Congressman and fertilizer for everyo.ne. committee reviewed the problem with the committee. · The (Friday Night Massacre) as it is called appropriate NaVY ofticials who decided by farmers and grain dealers. (this is the · The committee advised a number of weekend President Ford· shut off exporting that in future procurements of the en­ constituents as to procedures to be fol­ grain to Russia) in October 1.974, has cost tire item, the component part in question lowed in order to be placed on the bid­ farme~s in more money than they usually would be broken out and that 50 percent der's lists of variouS military depart­ make m a year. · · · ~f NavY's total requirements for such ments and ·major civilian procurement There are 3 farmers in my conununity that cpmponent part will be set aside for ex­ agencies. · · the ~ank's have foreclosed on already and c~~lve .small business bidding. This There have been many accomplish· this 1s only the beginning if grain and live­ m~a:.ns that the small business subcon­ ments of the Small Business Committee stock prices are not going to come back where tractor will be able to bid directly for this we can make our cost plus a reasonable proftt. over the years, and the cominittee and ~e. total bushel report for corp. and soy­ s~t-aside portion and, in·ad<;Ution, will. be staff . stand ready t~ continue· to serve beans has j~t come ~ut. If it Is true and I able to bid in open competition for the small businessmen throughout· · the hardly doubt it is, President Ford better remai~irtg portion. In this ·-way, small Nation. · .. · · ..·. ·. let .export mat"kets · ol>en up o~ . grain pr~ces . (. ~ 5950 I •, EXTENSIONS OF 1REMARK.S March '10, 1975 will be back where they we1•e 3 years ago promised to increase fuel economy by 40% cost would be prohibitive. In this, they are around $1.60 per bushel and· $8.00 for soy­ in time for its 1980-model cars. supported by some outside observers who be­ beans and this is not even our cost of pro­ It is this promise of 40% greater fuel lieve that the environmental risks from auto , ducing the grain. It costs $1.85 per bushel economy, sounding almost as tantalizing as emissions have been vastly overplayed an(\' for com in 1975 just for input cost, this an ad Slogan, that turns out, on closer exam­ that present standards are sUfficient to pr()­ does not count for labor, taxes, machinery, ination, to be the soft spot in the deal. tect the public, though these conclusions •re · :fuel, etc. For one thing, the pledge isn't iron-clad. hotly disputed by the EPA and environmen­ I hope the "new" Agriculture Committee General Motors, Ford and Chrysler aren't tal groups. can see the light before it is too late. I know promising to achieve such an increase, but But those here who doubt the industry's there are a lot of new members that are or only to try. Their carefully worded commit­ claims say that for years Detroit has sung . will be Consumer Oriented, because of being ments, made in letters to Interior Secretary a familiar refrain ("We can't do it") as the :from urban areas; but I hope they will not Rogers Morton, all contain caveats such as government has issued increasingly tough turn the producers aside and listen entirely this one from General Motors President E. M. standa-rds on auto-safety and exhaust emis­ · to consumers. I Will be the first one to admit Estes: "We are sure that you recognize that sions. Right now, even while striking the bar­ food prices are high, (but high in relation certain unforeseen events beyond our con­ gain with President Ford, the industry is to what) I These consumers that are holler­ tl'Ol could cause variations in the outcome." lobbying EPA to freeze the emission stand­ ing about high food prices are not working If the auto industry achieved an overtill ards for 1977 cars at the current level. for the same wages they were 5 years ago fuel-economy increase of 40% by 1980, its What the industry wants is for Congress to either. Their wage increases are reflected in cars would be getting 19.6 miles per gallon allow about four times the levels of carbon everything I buy for my farming operation of gasoline-which is the President's 1980 monoxide and hydrocarbons that already and I cannot continue to produce food as target. But these goals are industry-wide have been prescribed for 1977 models and cheap as I used to. averages; thus, the more economical autos about twice the levels called for in the agree­ I have said a lot in this letter and am of American Motors and foreign importers, ment with Mr. Ford. (The amount of permis­ not finger pointing. I just wanted to state accounting for about 20%' of new-car sales, sible nitrogen oxide would be the same under facts as are and would appreciate anything making the Big Three's task easier. (Some Mr. Ford's plan as it is now, whereas present that can be done by you at this time or near imports already get better mileage than law calls for it to be reduced by about one­ future. I know we farmers are a minority, 19.6.) third by 1977.) but we have to live also .. ',['hank you for In fa.ct, .if the industry is to meet the Auto makers have both a public and a pri­ listening. · 19.6 mileage goal, the Big 'l.'hree need to vate justification for mounting a lobbying Sincerely, attain only 18.7% miles per gallon in their effort that appears to undercut their agree­ JAY L. BONNELL. 1980 models. "That seemed the best we ment with Mr. Ford. could reasonably hope for" from them, says The public explanation: "We're not tt·ying a Transportation Department official. to subvert the White House," says a GM Even so, reaching the 18.7 average assigned spokesman. "If the President's emission to the Big Three Will take some work. Gen­ standards ·are enacted, that's fine with us. IS THERE A JOKER IN THE GAS eral Motors, whose ca1·s had the worst 1974 But we aren't sure we can make the 40 % MILEAGE DEAL? fuel-economy average (12.2 miles per gal­ fuel-economy improvement if they are, and lon), would have to improve 53% by 1980. we're certain we can if the cunent standards Ford would need only a 30% improvement remain in effect." over its 14.4 miles-per-gallon average in Privately, auto executives say their request HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER 1974, and Chrysler would have to raise its that EPA freeze the emission standards is OF CONNECTICUT 13.8-miles-per-gallon average by 35%. simply part of a strategy to force congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There are other reasons the deal is less to compromise and accept the lower stand­ attractive than it appears on the surface. ards proposed by the President. Monday, March 10, 1975 One is that the 40% fuel-economy increase Congress doesn't seem likely to go along. Mr. COTTER. Mr. Speaker, recently uses as its base the industry's 1974 average Many lawmakers are coming to the view that the Wall Street Journal published a of 14 miles per gallon, which was the worst prompted EPA Administrator Russell Train thought-provoking article on the debate in recent years. Also, a 40.% increase in fuel to ask a Ford executive the other day: economy (or miles per gallon of gasoline) "What assurance do we have that you will over relaxing future automobile emission would mean only a 28% reduction in fuel take advantage of t:p.e five-year breathing standards. consumption (or gallons of gasoline used space provided by the President's proposal This analysis of the auto industry's per mile). For example, if a car that got 15 to move ahead with development of new proffered "tradeoff"-less stdngent emis­ miles per gallon in 1974 improved to 20 alternative automotive systems? The danger sion standards in return for greater miles per gallon by 1980, its fuel economy •.. is that in 1980 we'll be back here arguing fuel efficiency in new cars-is worthy of climbed 33%. But its consumption of gaso-:­ the same questions again." note. For the benefit of my colleagues and line per mile decteased only 25% or from the ·readers of the REcORD, I insert this 1-15 a gallon per mile to 1-20 of a gallon. But perhaps the biggest flaw, according article: to several experts on Capitol Hill and at VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST­ IS THERE A JOKER IN THE GAS MILEAGE DEAL? the Environmental Protection Agency and ALABAMA WINNER (By Karen J. Elliott) the Transportation Department, is that the WASHINGTON.-The t1·ade, as President industry probably could achieve 40% greater Ford described it, sounded reasonable. Be· fuel economy by 1980 without any relaxa­ HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON cause of the vrgency of the energy problem, tion of auto-emission standards. OF ALABAMA he was accepting an auto-industry offer According to the government figures, they to make a 40% improvement in fuel econ­ improved fuel economy by an average of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES omy if the government would ease its auto­ 13.5% from 1974 to 1975 by adding catalytic Monday, March 10, 1975 emission standards. converters, the tailpipe devices that trap Explaining the plan in his State of the pollutants; GM's fuel economy went up Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, I am Union Message last month, Mr. Ford said 28%. EPA and the Transportation Depart­ extremely pleased to put in the CoNGREs­ that if Congress would pass legislation re­ ment believe an additional 20% increase can SIONAL RECORD at this time the Winning laxing future emission standarQ.s, the auto be achieved simply by an expected tendency speech f1·om the State of Alabama in the industry could turn its capital and technol­ of more consumers to choose smaller and Voice of Democracy contest sponsored by ogy from the goal of cleaner air to the more more economical cars. the Veterans of Foreign Wars. It is a pressing goal of greater fuel economy. Such an increase, achieved through buy­ Since then, however, energy expert! on ing decisions, coupled with the improvement proud moment for the Second District Capitol Hill and elsewhere in the govern­ that's already occurred since the 1974 mod­ of Alabama because the winning con­ ment have studied the plan more clo.sely. els, would take the industry a long way testant from our State is Forrest S. Their analysis, uncovering soll)e factors that toward the 40% goal. Experts here figure Latta of Dothan, Ala. Forrest is a leader weren't readily apparent at the time of the it's reasonable to expect that some im­ at Dothan High School and counts President's announcement, suggests that the provements in auto technology by 1980 among his achievements the presidency deal isn't nearly as equitable" as it seemed. would lead to further gains in fuel economy. of the National Forensic League and the Under the agreement, Congress would sus­ In response, auto makers say the pub­ Interclub Council, vice presidency of the pend for five years the auto-emission stand­ lic's buying habits aren't all that predicta­ ards scheduled to take effect for 1977-model ble. Furthermore, they say auto technol­ student council and membership on the cars and would substitute much less strin­ ogy can't be viewed as an inevitable school board youth advisory committee. gent standards proposed by Mr. Ford. (Emis­ march of progress; an apparent advance one He has a number of credits in the field sion standards specify allowable levels of year may turn out later to have been un­ of the arts, including the theater, media earbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and hydro­ sound. They add that even if they could find and forensics. and has also been an ac­ CJarbons in engine exhausts.) In return, ac­ the technology to meet environmental and tive participant in civic affairs. His essay cording to Mr. Ford, the auto industry has fuel-e<:onomy goals at the same time, the on the theme "My Responsibility as a March to, 1975 5951 Citlzen," _is a testimony to the:tact.. 'that maybe we'll be' abie to. retain the phrase mocracy that gives · us that which very few o.ur young people do share the same love "America the Beautiful". · otlier people have: Freedom, rights and op:­ of country and desire for its continued Finally; we come to the ~ost important portunities. A democracy that gives us the part. The people ARE America. It's my re­ best education and health programs and, in success that has kept America on the sponsibility, more my desire, to serve and general, the highest recorded standard of right track for 200 years, and -I am' happy involve myself ·with the American people living in the history of man! to share it with you: · · · ,. and government. All of us have heard peo­ However, with all cf these freedoms, rights 1974-75 VFW VorcE oF D E MocRACY ·sc:HoLAR- ple complain of the poor quality politicians and opportunities, come corresponding re­ SHIP PROGRAM ALABAMA WINNER FORR~ST S. we have, and it seems as though of the mil­ sponsibilities. Because so few citizens are . LATTA lions of people in· America, there would be familiar with these, three questions should Citizenship-What is it?-Why is it? some men and women who would be quali­ be asked about responsibility. First, "To In today's high speed world, most .of us just fied to effectively run our government. whom are we responsible?"; second, "exac·tiy simply don't ever think about · what good Therefore, it's one of my responsibilities to what are these requirements?"; and third, citizenship is or whether or not we are being encourage those of my friends who would do "how do we go about f1,llfilling them?" good citizens and upholding the spirit of a good job to run for publlc office, including Within the last five minutes, somewhere democracy which is basic for America. myself, if I feel I may be of some asset in a in these United States, someone was robbed. The responsibilities of citizenship are public office. But for those of us who aren't It is more than likely that someone else wit­ multi-faceted. Yet, I feel these responsibili­ involved in politics, it's our duty to learn of nessed the crime, but that person convinced ties can be summed up very quickly. The and vote for the best qualified candidate for himself that it was neither his concern nor overall responsibility of citizenship is re­ an office. It seems as though everyone would his business and that he shouldn't care. So, spectfully repaying for all of the rights, free­ want some say-so in who becomes their he "passed by on the other side", turned his doms, and the many other things we've all leader. As citizens, we should involve our­ back to his fellow citizen, and upon doing so, come to take so for granted. It's through selves with each other and work together turned his back- to his responsibility. the freedom of speech and the freedom of for our good and the country's. Last year, some people found loopholes by Some things are obtained and then paid which they "legally" avoided paying some of assembly that you all can gather and hear their taxes. These citizens, when they were this speech today! Have you considered that? for, others are paid for and then obtained. So you're sitting there saying · to yourself Citizenship is something obtained by all asked to fulfill their responsibility, shunned Americans and paid for later by those who it. Our's is a great country. It gives much ~·Who and how can we repay for this citi­ will. So what is my responsibility as a citi­ and asks relatively little in return; we, the zenship?" We owe something to our. flag, to zen? To try to repay my country for having citizens, can easily provide the little that is the United States of America, to our · great the opportunity to be part of America. Our asked of us. So, "to whom are we respon­ Constitution; Bill of Rights, and Judicial Bicentennial is only a year and a half away. sible?" To our fellow Americans, and to our System., to this land we're so privileged to You and I can work toge~her to make 1976 country. have, to our ancestors who founded every­ a great year for America! Next, exactly what are these, our obliga­ thing· I've just stated, but most of all to tions? The typical citizen, when asked, may our fellow Americans. · say, "to fulfill your responsibility as a citi­ So what do we owe to all of these things? zen, do your job, keep out of trouble, serve To our flag and to our Star Spangled Banner, VOICE OF AMERICA CONTEST jury duty, buy bonds and pay your taxes on we owe respect and a word we hav·en't heard time." But is this all that we should do? No! in a long time: patriotism. Unfortunately, We owe our country much more than this. patriotism is a word nowadays usually as­ What more should we do? sociated with Patrick Henry, John Hancock, HON. RONALD A. SARASIN We Americans have the responsibility of 'and the American Revolutionary War. A lot OF CONNE.CTICUT supporting our nation's constitution 100%, of people now obviously take our country IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES even if it does not always work for our per­ for· ·granted, that it'll always be here ~~ond sonal benefit, as the needs of the nation as a that the American spirit is obsolete. A funny Monday, March 10, ~975 whole must predominate. We are obliged to thing that meant a lot .to me happened last Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, almost protect our fellow citizens' rights, as they year at a state high school citizenship con­ are rights as well, and it is also our respon­ ference. In a speech on Patriotism, one of the .500,000 students from all over the Na­ sibility to work for improvements in our gov­ young speakers there accident~l~y referred tion participated in this year's 28th an­ ernment as the need demands, and to up­ to our flag as the "Red, White, and Yellow." nual Voice of Democracy program spon­ hold the basic con::epts of democracy. He quickly corrected himself with a laugh sored by the Veterans ·of Foreign Wars. The third question that we should be ask­ and went on, but that stuck. in my · mind. I Students from 7,500 secondary schools ing ourselves is this: "How do we go about thought to myself how that· ref~rtmce might prepared speeches on the theme of "My fulfilling these, our responsibilities?" The be true relating the color yellow with doubt Responsibility as a Citizen." I would like bible tells us how, as does every major reli­ and fear. You can find this in many ways in gion. The idea behind the Golden Rule ... America today. Have you been to a public to take this opportunity to commend the Love all men as thyself, and think of all men event recently where our National Anthem VFW for providing the impetus for young as neighbors. Then try to understand the was played to the rising American flag and Americans to assess their roles as citi­ true meanings of freedom and democracy; noticed how most people's arms are relaxed zens and Americans. May I offer my try to understand what our responsibilities at their side while thelr eyes scan the en­ congratulations to the winner from the are-to our fellow citizens, and to our coun­ vironment? Is it that they're ashamed or State of Connecticut, Mr. Peter Keast. try, and fulfill them in our everyday lives; afraid of the glances they would feel if they Mr. Keast is a resident of Waterbury, try to put ourselves in the "other guy's" respectfully placed their hand over their Conn., and attends the Kennedy High place, and to see his point of view; and heart and listened to our Star-Spangled finally, strive toward the goal of being able Banner as Old Glory flo a ted in the wind? School, where he participates in the stu­ to say with pride, "I am an American." Patriotism-one of my greatest responsibil­ dent council, the school newspaper, and ities as a citizen. the band and chorus. So what do we owe ou r Constit ution, the I would like to offer my sincere best Bill of Rights, and our Judicial System? We wishes to Mr. Keast and I have included COMMENTS ON THE ENVIRON­ have the greatest perpet ual government ever the text of his speech. The future of our to exist. It was devised by American people, MENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S Nation depends upon the minds and DECISION ON AUTO EMISSION for American people, and can be changed by hearts of the coming generations of American people if necessary. To this '\_V"e owe STANDARDS sincere belle!, upholdance, and obeyance young Americans and I have tremendous with a respectful, patriotic attitude. faith in their ability to ·take our ex­ What about our ancestors? Well, this periences and mould them into viable HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. should be self-evident! These are the people future policies. OF CALIFORNIA who founded this country and government. The speech follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The people who risked their lives to get the THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AMERICAN things we take for granted today. To them CITIZE N Monday, March 10, 1975 we owe great respect and the desire to know What makes us American citizens dif­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. and cherish their history. ferent? Special? Are we taller or stronger What about "the Land of the Free?" You Speaker. the decision by the Environ­ than other people? Are we intellectually mental Protection Agency to grant a 1- and I both know our fuel is aimost gone, superior? Though we may like to consider our food is running out, and the land ·is ourselves as being one of these, we are not year suspension, the maximum delay al­ filling with people. My responsibility to the physically different from any other people lowed by law, to the automobile manu­ land where I live is to be tho~htful and of the world. So what is it then that sets us facturers for hydrocarbon and carbon conservative wlth our resources.· and to.. do apart? The fact that we are citizens of ·a monoxide emission standards and set in­ what I can to encourage others to .be· care­ nation which is the most outstanding exam­ terim standards that are identical to ~ul with these invaluable necessities, and ple of democracy in the world today. A de- those this year, has caused me great 5952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 10, 1975 anguish. This decision has significance fusal of the EPA to begin a low-sulfur RECORD, a background paper prepared by beyond the 1-year delay which the tul­ gasoline allocation program, in conjunc­ the National Clean Air Coalition which ing technically provides. The reasons tion with the Federal Energy Adminis­ analyses this issue. given for this 1-year delay are also being tration, and a crash prc.gram of de­ The paper follows: used to justify auto emission standards sulfurizing gasoline, which can be done BACKGROUND PAPER BY THE NATIONAL OLEAN that are, in many ways, more lenient at a cost of less than 2 cents per gallon, Am COALITION than the totally unjustified standards demonstrates that this decision is not INTRODUCTION that President Ford is supporting. Since based upon either the advice of the EPA's Since Its inception, the Environmental this decision, and the EPA's recom­ own Office of Research and Development, Protection Agency has had as its mission, mended legislative changes in auto emis­ or the best interests of the public. Iron­ the protection o! the environment. Its con­ sion standards, follows several extensive ically, the two biggest auto companies, stituency are all the citizens; !or no one studies that justified the existing stand­ Ford and General Motors, also support is exempt from air pollution and other en­ ards, now abandoned by the administra­ the desulfurization strategy. vironmental ills. By supporting Detroit's re­ tion, with only minor disagreements on quest for long term suspension of the auto I do not claim that desulfurization emission standards, the Environmental Pro­ the final nitrogen oxide standard, I have solves the problem of the catalytic con­ tection Agency !orgets its environmental attempted to discover if the EPA's rec­ verter's production of sulfuric acid mist. mission and condemns urban dwellers to ommendations for both the 1-year sus­ But it does reduce the exposure of the lives of pollution aggravated disease. No other pension and legislation to postpone population to high concentrations, which agency of the Federal government will step cleaning up auto emissions for 5 more will almost surely result from the cur­ !orward to protect the citizen; for their years is in any way justified. rent EPA policy. Automobiles remain on perceived mission is to protect industry. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to report that the road for about 10 years. Thus, we During the suspension hearings, the En­ I find the decision and recommendations vironmental Protection Agency heard !rom will have 5 years of production of this the states of Colorado, New York and Min­ by the EPA to be unjustified by the evi­ hazardous technology, but the peak sul­ nesota; the National League of Cities as well dence available to me. This conclusion is furic acid mist concentrations will occur as the Mayors of Indianapolis and Portland; reached after careful review of the sev­ after the catalytic converter is expected and representatives of environmental groups eral National Academy of Sciences re­ to be phased out in 1980. Desulfurization throughout the country. All testified to the ports on this issue, and by reviewing is necessary to protect the public health effect that their past work on controlling EPA's own hearing records and the pa­ in the peak years of 1980 to 1985, if not air pollution would be negated if the En­ pers prepared by the EPA's own Office of before. vironmental Protection Agency were to grant and recommend long term suspension Research and Development. I am willing The EPA, which is required to make of the auto emission standards. By letting to acknowledge that I have not seen all of an evaluation of good faith efforts of the the auto industry go free to pollute, the the evidence yet. actions of automobile companies, may Ford Administration destroys the willing­ The decision by the EPA will not pro­ need to be examined for its good faith in ness of the public to accept environmental tect the public from sulfuric acid mist, its current actions. Frankly, I believe, control in their local areas. The public and carbon monoxide, or the oxidant that is based upon the information that I have the Congress must return the Environmental created from the hydrocarbon emissions. reviewed to date, that the EPA made a Protection Agency to its environmental mis­ sion by refusing to accept the Agency's rec­ Instead of weighing one pollutant against decision that was political in nature. It ommendation to let the auto industry pol­ another, the EPA's new approach will al­ was highly biased toward protecting the lute further. low higher emissions of all pollutants economic welfare of the auto companies, SULFATES over the next 3 to 5 years. And this 1s and avoiding a confrontation with the While the Environmental Protection only what EPA's strategy will do with oil companies, who, naturally, oppose re­ Agency couched its decision in terms of pre­ auto emissions. The administration is moving the lead, as is currently required venting increases in sulfates, it chose the also supporting changes in the stationary in order to use the catalytic converter, politically easiest option for resolving this source regulations that will allow in­ as well as removing the sulfur. problem. Its proposal will not reduce sulfates creased sulfur oxide emissions, which In this political climate the EPA ap­ as much or as fast as the other available option of gas blending and desulfurization will be converted to sulfuric acid in the pears to have failed to enforce for the Which would have allowed the statutory atmosphere, until 1985. At present, sta­ public welfare and interest the law that standards to be imposed in 1977 on schedule. tionary sources contribute 99 times more it is sworn to uphold, the Clean Air Act. Under Administrators Train's propo3al, cars sulfur oxides to the air than do motor Mr. Speaker, I intend to pursue this meeting the lenient 1975-1976 Federal in­ vehicles. issue. The Subcommittee on Environ­ terim standards would have sulfate emissions If, as the EPA stated, sulfuric acid mist ment and the Atmosphere of the House of about 0.03 grams per mlle (g/m) under emissions from catalyst equipped cars 1s Science and Technology Committee has most driving conditions whlle under a mod­ erate 0.01% sulfur gas blending and desul­ a serious hazard that cannot be allowed jurisdiction over the research and devel­ furization option, cars meeting the statutory to occur, then why does not the EPA take opment programs of the EPA, and since HC and CO emission standards would have steps to reduce sulfur from automobile the decision by the Administrator of the sulfate emissions no higher than 0.02 g/m fuel, or to prevent catalysts from being EPA was presumably based upon his own under most driving conditions. With gas installed on new automobiles? The testi­ research arm, I think it is highly appro­ blending and desulfurization at 0.003% sul­ mony on the record shows that over 80 priate for this subcommittee, which I fur, sulfate emissionn from vehicles meeting percent of all autos in the United States chair, to investigate the basis upon which the statutory standards are less than 0.01 the EPA reached its decision on automo­ g/m. As shown more completely in Table I, that will be sold from 1975 to 1979 will sulfate emissions from cars meeting the have catalysts. The action by the EPA bile emission standards and attainment statutory standards under blending and de­ specifically denied an intention to ban dates. sulfuriza.tion a1·e only Ys to % 's as high as the catalyst, although a new emission Mr. Speaker, I would, if space permit­ sulfate emissions under Administrator standard may be adopted which would ted, insert copies of the EPA's Office of Train's proposal to subject the public to cause production to cease by 1980. In the Research and Development's papers harmful higher levels of HC and CO emis­ meantime the sulfuric acid emitting which do not support the decision by sions. Yet Administrator Train said that the autos will grow to nearly 50 percent of the Administrator of the EPA. Because only reason for relaxing and suspending the the U.S. auto :fleet, presuming the public of their length, I will not insert them. statutory HC and CO standards was to miti­ begins to buy automobiles again. The re- However, I would like to insert, for the gate sulfate emissions. TABLE I.-SULFURIC ACID EMISSIONS FACTORS FOR 1975 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL YEAR LIGHT-DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES (Assumes 100 percent catalyst usage in California 1975-76 and nationally 1977- 861 H2S04 emission factor (gms/mile) Fuel Cruise (mph) sulfur Vehicle model year (percent) HC/CO emission standard FTP HFET 30 40 60 1975/76------0. 03 Federal interim (49-State>------0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 Q.04 1977-86 __ ------• 01 Statutory_------______.007 .017 .023 .023 .oz 1977~6------• 03 Statutory_------__ .02 .05 .07 .07 .01 1977-86------• 003 Statutory_------.002 .005 .007 .007 .006 FTP-Federal test procedure (regulated emissions). Note: California interim and statutory emission standard catalyst-equipped vehicles are assumed HFET-EPA highway fuel economy test. to use air injection. March 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5953 TABLE II.-TYPICAL SULFUR LEVELS AND CHARACTERISTICS Air quality prediction· techniques assume established stars as Willie Nelson, Jerry OF MAJOR GASOLINE-BLENDING COMPONENTS that increases in CO emissions will produce Jeff Walker, Willis Alan Ramsey, Bobby similar increases in CO aJ.r pollution levels. Bridger, and Jimmy Buffet, to mentio:D Volume In areas where cars are basically the only but a few. percent Percent of source of CO emissions, such as downtown ,I enclose two articles about KOKE and Sulfur, in sulfur in streets, commuter-packed highways, and Component- Characteristics ppm. blend blend areas near shopping centers, parking garages, its success. One is from Billboard maga­ and sports stadiums, the proposed delay will zine and the other was written by Butane- Cold startability; nearly double the total CO emissions in 1985 Townsend Miller, a stock broker, whose good frontend octane ______0.1 compared to the original Clean Air Act real love is country music: Straight run- Low-cost com- ponent______100 14 4.0 schedule. As a result, the delay will cause [From Billboard Magazine, Jan. 18, 1975] Light catalytically cracked­ CO pollution in these areas in 1985 to be SOUND AND FORMAT CATCHING ON Large volume component; almost twice as bad as it would be if the auto AusTIN, Tex.-Seldom has one radio sta­ relatively inexpensive; standards were not delayed from the original good octane quality______800 18 40.6 tion been so instrumental in music as Heavy catalytically cracked­ Clean Air Act schedule. KOKE-FM, the nation's first progressive Large volume component; The delay would alEO increase auto HC country music station that has resulted in relatively inexpensive; emissions substantially over the statutory not only a "new music sound" but a format good octane quality______1, 500 13 55.0 levels. This will produce higher levels of Hydrocracked- Good octane ; that seems to be catching on elsewhere and expensive; low volume ____ _ .1 smog (photochemical oxidants or Ox) is al­ even books. Alkylate-Excellent octane most every major metropolitan area in the quality; expensive ______KOKE-FM, however, doesn't take itself 10 .1 country, compared to following the current too seriously, as general manager Ken Moyer ReformatE;-Good fuel econ- Clean Air Act schedule. In 1973 violations of omy; expensive; high points out. " Our Goat Roper logo is symbolic volume component______30 . 1 the Ox ambient air quality standard were of our not-too-serious approach to program­ ------recorded in 51 areas of the country. The ming." '!'his logo graces the station's belt Total sulfur in blend_ __ 350 lCO 100.0 effect of the delay on air quality in 30 of buckle, which proclaims: "KOKE-FM, these areas has been estimated. Our calcu­ Austin, Texas, Progressive Country" and .Gas blending to give low-sulfur, leadfree lations, based primarily on EPA's own as­ features a cowboy roping a goat. gasoline is an immediate viable option since sumptions, show that in these 30 areas the And Moyer adds: "We've had a lot of fun 50% of the gas from the refinery has less delay will increase the number of violations with the Statler Brothers' ·recording of than 0.0005 % sulfur. Only about 30% of all of the Ox air quality standard by at least 'Lester Roadhog Moran And His Cadillac gasoline is high sulfur as is shown in Table 9,400 hours during the period 1977-1985, over Cowboys Alive At The Johnny Mack Brown II. According to the Environmental Protec­ what would occur if the auto standards are High School' and played something from tion Agency's own estimates, 20 to 30% of not delayed. This amounts to an average of the album almost daily. It's just the kind all gas could be made low-sulfur, leadfree three additional hours of exposure to harm­ of 'put-on' which KOKE-FM has come to h<>~ immediately. Even Exxon Corporation testi­ ful Ox pollution levels per day every day known for. We don't take ourselves too seri­ fied at the suspension hearings that it could for nine years. ously and we always have a good time." now distribute 15-17 percent of its gasoline This Ox impact is a very conservative esti­ Still, the station was honored by Bill­ as low-sulfur, leadfree. This is sufficient low­ mate: it does not cover the entire country; board with a Trendsetter Award for "innovat­ sulfur, leadfree gasoline for two model years it may seriously underestimate the propor­ ing a progressive country format and allow­ of catalyst equipped ·cars. By beginning now, tion of total HC emissions contributed by ing a new form of country music to gain a the oil companies could phase in gas desul­ autos in 1985; and it ignores additional hours public platform." furization equipment to take care of model of exposure beyond 1985. Nevertheless, even The new form of music, of course, is that years after that. For example, Exxon indi­ this conservative estimate shows that the kind being spun now by such as Jerry Jeff cated it could phase in desulfurization over delay will result in a minimum additional Walker, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings and 1976-1977 with complete desulfurization number of 38 billion person-hours of ex­ B. W. Stevenson, among others. These kinds ready by 1978. posure to Ox levels harmful to health in t hese of recor.ds are the staples of the format. By refusing to blend and desulfurize gaso­ 30 areas between 1977 and 1985. "What determines the records we play," ac­ line, the Environmental Protection :Agency cording to program director Rusty Bell, "i:; admits the special relationship that exists more the sound than the artist. There are between the oil industry and the Ford Ad­ hardly any no-no's, but we do shy away from ministration. It is all right to raise gasoline AUSTIN RADIO STATION HONORED Glenn Campbell and other super-slick Nash­ prices 20 cents per gallon and create wind­ ville and West Coast produet,s." fall profits but it is not all right to raise 'I'he music is programmed in sets, usually gasoline prices a mere penny or two per gallon HON. J. J. PICKLE averaging seven-and-a-half minutes per set to protect public health. That this is a partic­ with records back-announced. "We play a ularly bad deal for the air breathing public oF TEXAS lot of 'Theme Sets', such as bluegrass and is strongly reflected in the following air I.N.THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES newgrass contrasted. Out of the 15 records quality analysis of increased carbon mon­ Monday, March 10, 1975 per hour, we usually have eight new and oxide and oxidants exposures in urban areas. seven older records," says Bell. Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, Texas has Out of the 11 records per hours in the EFFECT OF THE DELAY ON AUTOMOTIVE POLLU- TION AND AIR QUALITY always been known as a hotbed of coun- categories of progressive country, soft rock try music. The State has produced such and up-tempo rock, eight are usually new Delaying the statutory Hydrocarbons (HC) stars in the field as Tex Ritter, Jim and three are older records. and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions stand- • Moyer says the station began program­ ards for five more years will mean that a Reeves, Buck Owens, George Jones, ming progressive country "formally" on New tot~l of seven model years of cars will be Ernest Tubb, Bob Wills, Willie Nelson, Year's Eve 1972 with only one full-time air emitting three to four times the level of and many, many others. personality. He was on 8 p.m.-2 a.m. "We pollution called for in the Clean Air Act. KOKE-FM, a radio station in Austin, were simulcasting during the daytime with Each of the 65-70 million cars will be on the was recently honored by Billboard KOKE-AM, a regular country music opera­ road for ten years. During that time the magazine, the bible of the music indus- tion." 1975-1979 model years will pollute the air try, for its very outstanding achieve- Slowly, the station evolved into the pro­ with 4.4 times more CO and 3.75 times more ments in programing. Though KOKE is gressive format it now features-one which HC than would cars meeting the Act's stand­ not a new station it has adopted a new is dramatized highly in the book "The Im- ards and the 1980-1981 cars will emit 2 .S5 probable Rise of Redneck Rock." times more CO and 2.2 times more HC. format in the last couple of years and A typical programming hour on KOKE- This enormous increase in emissions will obviously has been very successful with FM would be comprised on 15 records like affect the total auto pollution burden on it. The "progressive country" music this : the public for years into the future. If this scene is booming in Austin. NUinerous Three records-standard country, recent delay occurs, the total auto CO pollution in clubs offer live music nightly by mu- or new. George Jones, Tammy Wynette, 1985 wm be nearly double the level called sicians who have made their pilgrimage Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Charley Pride, for by the 1970 Clean Air Act. Under the from all over the country to come to this Johnny Rodriquez, Loretta Lynn, etc. freeze the average car's CO emissions in · t' One record-early country. Jimmie Rod- 1985 will be 74% greater than if the Act's new mecca of count ry music. Na IOna1 gers, Hank Williams, or early bluegrass artists or·lginal schedule (meet standards in 1975) publications have recognized Austin as such as Bill Monroe. had been followed and 54% greater than if a nucleus of blooming talent, led by such Seven records-progressive country, Mich- the current schedule (meet standards in • ael Murphy, Jerry Jeff Walker, Waylon Jen­ 1977) is followed.l of cars in use. However, for a given set of nings, Kris Kristofferson, Kris and Rita, assumed driving patterns and deterioration, Willie Nelson, New Riders of ~he Purple 1 The absolute level of emissions cannot be the relative emissions totals are reason­ Sage, Commander Cody, Jimmy Buffett, Doug calculated with precision because of uncer­ ably accurate. The assumptions here pro­ Sahm. These are usually three LP cuts and tainties in driving patterns and deterioration duced calculated average emission factors. three or four singles. 5954 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1o: 1975 Two records-soft rock. "Please Come To . dictate this sort of policy is an insult to ministration is now checking whether, as Denvex" by Dave Loggins, America, Jon1 all free nations of the world. If we were charged, official agencies such as .. the Army Mitchell, Maria Muldaur. to give in, it would shake the very foun­ Engineer Corps and the Overseas Private In- Two records-up-tempo rock. The Band, . vestment Corp. have screened out American Beatles, Bryds, the Grateful Dead, Rod Stew­ dations upon which this country was Jews in order to cultivate Arab business and art, Leon Russell. built. whether this has been done by private Commercial content is held to eight min­ This "blackmail" will not necessarily American firms for the same end. utes per hour with four breaks and a maxi­ cease after one concession. And nations There is 'already a provision, in the Export mum of two mintues per break. The station must not be coerced into accepting these Administration Act of 1969, which "en­ programs five minutes of locally-originated unreasonable demands. I appeal to all courages and requests" American firms not news. free nations to withstand this intimida­ to cooperate in boyco·tts. Whethar better en­ One of the most popular features on the forcement of that law would be appropriate, station, according to Moyer, is the "Austin tion, this invasion of freedom by external or whether new legislat ion is required, re­ Scene," aired twice daily, which is a com­ forces. mains to be studied But the United States plete listing of all the acts at all of the clubs The Washington Post recently pub­ cann ot afford to sell its honor for Arab in town for that night. "We even list the lished an editorial which sensitively and gold. clubs which don't advertise with us. There accurately describes the dilemma and J ames J. Blanch ard. are still a few." serious situation all free nations are con­ One thing for use ... the station has been a major factor in the development of fronted with: the Austin Music Scene-hotbed of progres­ T HE ARAB BOYCOTT sive country and home now of artists such Saudi Arabia and other Arab states par­ LOWER INTEREST RATES VOTING as Willie Nelson, B. W. Stevenson, and Jerry ticipat ing in a boycott of Israel or "Zionists" Jeff Walker-a music genre that is now or Jews plainly have a right to decide whom gaining national attention. · t hey will do business with. But just as plain­ HON. JAMES M. JEFFORDS ly, they have no right to strong-arm for­ OF VERMONT KOKE WINS AWARD eign corporations and governments into en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Townsend Miller) forcing their bias for them. This is what the Arab boycott is all about. By excluding cer­ Monday, March 10, ·1975 Rusty Bell is one of my heroes of the tain firms from Arab trade and investment, Austin country music scene, to a great extent the boycotters wish to make foreigners accept Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Speaker, it would unsung. Now his tireless, inspired efforts and and impose-preferably, voluntarily and with have been easy to vote for House Con­ long overtime hours are being recognized. no fuss-the boycotter's own ugly values. current Resolution 133 last Tuesday, Rusty and other members of the staff of They are trying to get Americans to divide KOKE radio have won for the station Bill­ since it appeared to be a vote to lower themselves into different religious and eth­ interest rates. Voting "for lower interest ·board magazine's national Trendsetter Award nic categories. They think they can get away for 1974. It is the only radio station in the with it now because they constitut e, in Sen­ rates" may be politically popular, but nation to receive one of this year's eleven ator Church's words, "the one booming mar­ Congress is getting into dangerous waters awards given to "innovators in the music ket in the world." The Arab nations, as the with the passage of this misleading res­ and recording industry." senator said, are now "spending over $60 bil­ olution. The notion th ~ t unemployment KOKE-FM won the award, says Billboard lion per year from oil revenues alone." and the credit crmich can be solved officially, "for pioneering a new format with Frankly, we can imagine no more truly through Congress telling the Fed it its progressive programming." Rusty Bell has "un-American" idea than the one the boy­ should lower interest rates is economi­ been program director of that progressive cotters are seeking to peddle with their bil­ country music format since its inception on lions. cally hazardous for two reasons. New Year's Eve two years ago. From six hours The boycott is much more than a slap at First, it is hypocritical for Congress to originally, the station has extended the for­ Israel. It strikes at the fundament al egQli­ imply that the probl~ms of the economy mula to 18 hours a day. tarian principle on which this country was rest primarily with the Federal Reserve, Rusty is quick to share credit with Ken founded. Some apologists for the boycott when for the worst part, they reside Moyer, station director, and Jim Ray, sales point out that it has been enforced errat­ within a Congress which has painted us manager, who lent his previous experience as ically in the past an~ that some incon­ program director of other stations. The three into a fiscal corner. Congress irrespon­ sistencies are likely to persist. But the Arabs' sibly continues to appropriate enormous will journey to New York City Jan. 14 for huge new economic power and the tempta­ the formal presentation. tion of some of them to use it to enlarge the sums, either requiring that money be scope of the boycott, render that claim be­ taken out of the private money market, side the point. Indeed, the question of just thereby driving up interest rates~ or re­ how the Arabs intend to use the bo;:cott quiring the money printing presses to run BLACKMAIL IS ILLEGAL needs a lot more scrutiny. What did the boy­ causing inftationary pressures. Now Con­ cott director mean, for instance, when he gress wants to run the p~inting presses fiaid the other day that although NBC's and at a high speed to compensate for its HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD CBS's commercial activities were boycotted, own failure to control its fiscal policy. OF MICHIGAN the networks' newsgathering activities might be exempted "if this were in the interest of The resolution is misleading because it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the AI'ab cause"? Americans and Arabs are does absolutely nothing while appearing Monday, Marc;h 10, 1975 entering a new and intensive stage of eco­ ' to direct the Fed to lower interest rates. nomic relations and it is vital at the start I do want to stress, however, the danger­ Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, I that anti-Israel and anti-Jewish bias not be ous nature of exposing the Fed to short­ would like to bring to the attention of built into it. For Arabs to be broadening the term political pressures since the more the House a matter which is troubling boycott just as they profess to be seeking a popular moves in the short term could me deeply, because I believe many other peace settlement with Israel is, mor eover, a Americans share this same concern. sharp contradiction, and an insupportable very well turn out to be detrimental in Mr. Speaker, blackmail, in any form, is one. the long run. The Fed should be able to deplorable. The actions by the Arabs to We note with gratification that th e unac­ have a long-term perspective on the Na­ force nations and corporations to halt ceptability of the Arab boycott is being tion's economic problems with long-term recognized from the top of the American po­ goals in mind-the goals of prosperity trade with Israel and exclude Jews from litical community on down. In the strong­ and economic stability which .I am sure enterprise is nothing more than black­ est statement on the 27-year-old boycott mail. This concerted effort by the Arabs we all share. ever made by an Amerioon official and the Current inflation and expectations of comes at a time when we are -racing first by a President, Mr. Ford declared on serious world economic problems. Per­ Wednesda.r: "Such discrimination is totally future inftation are principal determi­ haps, it is tempting for some to succumb contrary t0 the American tradition and re­ nants of interest rates, not just monetary to the wishes of those nations because it pugnant to American principles." He prom­ policy. If Congress is unhappy with the appears to be the easy way to end eco­ ised that "any allegations of discrimination actions of the Fed, there are other, more nomic woes. will be fully investigated and appropriate honest routes we can follow without in­ I personally deplore any such action. action taken under the laws of the United terfering with the needed flexibility of States." The State Department, which man- the Fed. But if Congress wants interest Inherent in our Nation's moral fiber is • aged to look the other way on this issue in the principle freedom to express one's the past, showed it had gotten the message rates to fall, it must stop misleading the own religious conviction, whatever that by giving Senator Church a copy of the voters into believing the Fed holds the conviction might be, without fear of ex­ Saudi Arabian list of 1,500 'tooycotted Ameri­ key to lower interest rates and more clusion or repercussion. For the Arabs to can businessmen and organizations. The Ad- prosperous times, and concentrate on March tD, 197·5 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .l 5955 developing long-term fiscal means to ease economic problems is not more, but less, industrial ventures. The three pillars of Government spending and economic enterprise are entrepreneurs, labor and capt­ the credit crunch, reduce unemployment, tal. The man with an idea for a new kind and dampen inflation. The failure of manipulation. of fast-food enterprise may invest his savings Congress to control fiscal policy ~eaks I wish to share with my colleagues the or mortagage his house, or convince others to poorly of its attempt to conduct mone­ commentaries of Robert F. Hw·leigh, as invest and create a new business and give tary policy as well. they were heard over the Mutual Radio employment to others. In expanding the Network on February 20 and 21, 1975, business, new capital is needed and the and insert the texts of these commen­ banking institutions are a prime source for taries into the RECORD at this time. the needed money, which-in turn-adds FREE ENTERPRISE-NOT GOVERN­ more jobs. Although this illustration is ele­ ROBERT F. HURLEIGH COMMENTARY, mentary, it does serve as an example of MENT CONTROL-WILL CURE OUR FEBRUARY 20, 1975 financing and the creation of jobs. The dif­ ECONOMIC PROBLEMS This is Robert F. Hurleigh speaking from ference is in the amount of capital needed. the Mutual Studios in Washington. I'll have The first fast-service operation may need a comment on a four trillion dollar question but 50 thousand dollars and give employ­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE in just one minute. ment to ten or fifteen people. An industrial OF ILLINOIS There are many people in this country complex may need a multi-million infusion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who are disturbed by the kind of politics-as­ of capital to provide thousands of jobs. Capi­ usual here in Washington that puts "less tal supplies the materials to build, the sup­ Monday, March 10, 1975 emphasis on solving our problems than on plies to equip and manufacture the tools Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, many Amer­ who will get the credit if they are solved. for the workers. This has been made clear by icans, concerned with our current eco:. or the blame, if they are not." And many the President of Chase Manhattan Bank, nomic dilemma, call for additional gov­ people are "disappointed in much of the Willard C. Butcher, in an address last .eve­ nation's business community, which is either ning when he told the members of the ernmental intervention in and control of too indifferent, too resigned, or too frightened Economic Club in Chicago that "it takes the economy, thinking that, somehow, to communicate with the people." And there anywhere from 20 to 30 thousand dollars such political action will solve our are many who are "disturbed by the senseless in capital investment to back every worker problems. ways we are trying to overcome the inflation­ in American industry. And Mr. Butcher esti­ Many politicians, responding to such recession which sorely troubles the country." mates that the next ten years will require pressure, advocate measures which they If you are one of these concerned citizens, more than twice as much capital as the know will exacerbate the existing situa­ you will find that much of the language just last ten. And in terms of what we really used by this reporter is from an advance ;need for industry alone, for energy. for tion, not correct it. It is better, they seem copy of an address to be given tonight by bringing our industrial plant up to dat.e, to believe, to do something, even if it the President of Chase-Manhattan Bank is over 4 trillion dollars. That's 4, followed is wrong, than to be criticized for doing Mr. Willard C. Butcher, before the Economic by 12 zeros, or four million, million dollars. nothing. · Club in Chicago. Mr. Butcher is disturbed In other words, says Willard Butcher, we In a recent speech before the Eco­ by the fact "people aren't being told enough must build considerably more of industrial nomic Club of Chicago, Willard C. about the essential nature of our economy America in the next ten years than we have Butcher, the president of the Chase­ and our economic problems, and is distressed standing now-and .the single greatest by the media, and by what seems to be either challenge is in finding ways to provide such Manhattan Bank, expressed his disturb­ its failure to understand what makes our unprecedented amounts of capital in such ance at the fact that "people are not be­ economy work, or its inability or unwilling­ a short span of time. Although capital-and ing told enough about the essential na­ ness to communicate that knowledge." credit can be efficiently channeled through ture of our economy and our economic "Fundamentally," says Mr. Butcher, "I am banks, Mr. Butcher knows that the real problems.'' concerned over the way we are giving up, bit sources of capital and credit in this country Mr. Butcher pointed out that every by bit, what America really stands for." One are individuals and corporations, the savings worker in private industry in the United fact the President of New York's Chase of people like you and me and the cash flow, Manhattan Bank gives us is that every made of retained earnings of corporations States is backed up by an investment of worker for private industry in the United and businesses, large and small. Surely this "$20.,000 to $30,000." He noted that there States is backed up by an investment of short exposition should make it clear that is no other way to create new jobs than by "$20,000 to $30,000." And there is no other profits are of extreme importance to all of supplying the capital to provide the tools, way to create new jobs than by supplying the us-as a source of capital for business and the supplies and materials that a job capital to provide the tools, the supplies and for jobs. Perhaps we should all recognize requires. the materials that a job requires. The ques­ this importance of profits to the creation In the face of the massive need for tion to which Mr. Butcher addresses himself and support of jobs and to recognize that as capital investment, however, Mr. Butcher is how can the needed capital be obtained; of now there is a growing shortage of and the premise that government can best capital-and profits-and jobs. states that: regulate credit. Because capital is needed to So goes the world today. ••• we are confronted by the spectre of make jobs, the highest priority of our a new government policy that could cripple economy today lies in the stimulation of the capital markets. capital formation, because everything else Discussing this trend, commentator we want grows out of that. "Yet," says Mr. THE HUMAN RIGHTS IMAGE OF Butcher, "in the face of a massive need for Robert F. Hurleigh declared that: more than four trillion dollars in the next ten INDONESIA .It is • • • a question of whether the na­ years we are confronted by the specter of a tional economy of the American people could new government policy that could cripple the survive the allocation of credit by some capital markets." It is, of course, a question chosen government bureaucrat who would HON. DONALD M. FRASER whether the national economy of the Amer­ OF MINNESOTA possess the power to approve the financing ican people could survive the allocation of of a condominium in Florida or refuse a credit by some chosen government bureau­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES builder of summer homes on Lake Michi­ crat who would possess the power to approve Monday, March 10, 1975 gan. And the logical question would be the financing of a condominium in Florida whether such government allocation of credit or refuse a builder of summer homes on Lake Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, ~ would would ever be touched by political influence. Michigan. like to insert in the RECORD a statement Mr. Hurleigh concludes that: And the logical next question would be by the International Commission of Ju­ whether such government allocation of . . . profits are of extreme importance to rists which describes the state of affairs credit would ever be touched by political in Indonesia with respect to human all of us-as a source of capital for business Influence. and for jobs. Perhaps we should all recognize rights. The picture is discouraging. More this importance of profits to the creation and than 30,000 person are detained without support of jobs and to recognize that as of ROBERT Ji'. HURLEIGH COMMENTARY, FEBRU­ ARY 21, 1975 trial since 1966. The Government of In­ now there is a growing shortage of capi· donesia contends they were involved in tal-and profits-and jobs. This is Robert F. Hurleigh speaking from the Mutual studios in Washington, I'll have the attempted overthrow of the govern­ A.s long as Government dominates the a comment on profits and jobs in one minute. ment, yet is unable to gather enough capital market through its policy of defi­ We see now that what this nation needs evidence to bring charges. After the stu­ cit spending and the need to borrow are jobs for millions of our unemployed and dent-led anti-Japanese riots in January funds to cover such deficits, money will there's no better way to create jobs than by 1974, the government adopted further re­ not be available to revitalize our declin­ supplying the capital to expand present in­ strictive measures-curtailing political ing economy. The real answer to otr dustries and to begin development of new activities, banning various newspapers 5956 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Marr·ch 10, 1975 and periodicals, and effect.ing further de­ were to be "avoided" were prob!Em1.s of· ua­ ther leading figures have been forbidden ·to tentions. tioualities, tribes or clans, of religion, of travel overseas. These include the writer and Neither Congress nor the executive race or of "intersocial differences." former Ambassador to Washington, Mr. Sud­ branch can ignore the human rights sit­ The. government also banned 11 news­ jatmoko; the novelist and chief editor of papers and weeklies, !~eluding some of the the now banned Indonesia Raya who was uation in Indonesia. In the 1974 Foreign oldest and most respected, such as Indonesia imprisoned for 9 years under Sukarno, Assistance Act, Congress called upon the Raya, Pedoman, Abadi and Ha?·ian Kami. Mr. Mochtar Lubis; the sociologist and for­ President to substantially reduce or ter­ The editorial staff of these publications have mer head of tl1e Radio, TV and Film Direc­ minate military assistance to govern­ been refused permission to work for other torate, Dr. Uman Ka.yam; the Rector of the ments committing "a consistent pattern journals. The critical content of the Indo­ Univex·sity of Indonesia, Professor Mahar ·of gross violations of internationally nesian press has been reduced to an all-time Mardjono; a Jesuit priest, Father Donuwl~ recognized human rights" including low. nata; and a. prominent busines;;man, Dr. "prolonged detention without charges." About 350 people are believed to have been Sudarpo Sastrosatomo. arrested after the riots. Most were released A single example may serve to illustrate Would the detention without charges of within a few weeks. A hard core of 42 have the polit.ic:;al prisoners in Indonesia. Mr. Oei more than 30,000 prisoners for 10 years remained in custody, and these include most Tjoe Tat is an Indonesian lawyer:, a f~rmer constitute "prolonged detention"? This of the intellectual leaders who have dared to · MJ.nister, and au associate of the Interna­ is a question which must be considered express views which were critical of govern­ tional Commission of Jurists. When the both by the executive branch and the ment policies. They include some of the most army seized power on March 11, 196Q, Mr. Oei Congress. The Government of Indonesia respected univer.sity teachers, lawyers, and was arrested and detained with 10 other student leaders. ministers in a military camp. During the was scheduled to ·i·eceive approximately Among the 42 stm detained are: $22 million in g1:ant 'assistance in fiscal 8% years he has been in detention his case Mr. Thiam Hien Yap, a member of the has been examined by 3 different interroga­ 1975. Human ·rights . considerations International Commission of Jurists, Vice­ tion teams, comprising military and civilian should play an important part in de­ President of the Indonesian Bar Association, prosecution authorities. · These interroga­ termining the level of military asslstance Vice-Chairman.of the Christian University, a tions took place in 1966, from September for fiscal 1976. leading member of the Indonesian Council 1969 to March 1970, and from June to Au­ The article follows: of Churches, and a courageous defence gust l972. In each case the conclusion was lawyer \Vho ·has frequently taken a public that there wa.s insufficient evidence on wbich [From the Review, December 1974] stand against abuses of power. DENTS IN THE IMAGE OF INDONESIA to charge him with any offiense. At the end Mr. Buyung Nasution, head of Legal Aid of 1973 th.ere were rumours that he would Most military governments declare them­ Institute, a leading defender of civil liberties be released the following year. However, selves to be temporary in character, and and a prominent lawyer. following the January riots, the atmosphere protect their intention to transfer power Mr. H. J. C. Pl'incen, head of the Institute changed and on April 10, 1974, the District back to a. civilian government as soon as a for Human Rights, a former army officer and Attorney-General announced publicly that certain degree of stability has been reached parllamentaria.n, who was imprisoned under Mr. Oei would be charged with subversion or certain social objectives have been President Sukarno. and involvement in the abortive September achieved. This is not the case in Indonesia. Professor Sarbini Sumawinata, a leading 1965 coup (an unlikely hypothesis in view In the aftermath of the student-led anti­ economist, formerly one of the President's of his well-known loyalty to President Su­ Japanese riots at the time of Mr. Tanaka's special assistants, who has often criticised karno). On July 8 the District Attorney­ visit to Jakarta on January 15 and 16, 1974, Indonesia's exces.si ve dependence on foreign General stated that the case was still under a. statement was issued by the military secu­ aid. preparation, and on September 16 he said rity organization known as the Command Dr. Dorodjatun Yakti, au econoniist and for the Restoration of Security and Order political scientist, and a leading figure that it would be postponed indefinitely as (KOPKAMTm). This statement laid down among the younger intellectuals. (On the the file was incomplete without the evidence certain lines of conduct to restore the clam­ 25th Anniversary of the Universal Declara­ ·of witnesses who were remaining abroad. age done during the "two black days". One tion of Human Rights, December 10, 1973, If there had been any case against Mr. of these read: Oei, he would surely have been brought to in a speech to the United Nations Associa­ trial. before now. Any testimony first pro­ The Dual Function of the Armed Forces tion he described it as tragic that in the duced 8 yeru·s after his arrest must be vir­ can not be disputed and one should not en­ name of economic ·development "strong gov­ tually valueless. In these circumstances, the tertain any illusion of ever establishing in ernment ~· bas been developed which very this country . "civilian suprema.cy over the often tramples on the human rights for government with all the might and resources at lis disposal, could surely allow him now mmtary" or "the military should go to the which the strugg~es, for independence have barracks"; such an idea can. never be ,real­ been waged. "The final o.bjective", he said, to go free. If they feel themselv:es so inse­ ized in Indonesia because the history of the "of economic development should be the cure that his liberty cannot be permitted, armed forces in this country is quite unique; realisation of human rights". One of the re­ humanity de~ands that a.t least he should furthermore what can a complete civilian quirements was "three-dimensional justice, be allowed to go into exile abroad. administration do if an armed battalion including justice between groups, justice be­ The case of Mr. Oei is only one among stages a coup d'etat'? tween regions and justice between genera­ 55,000. What applies to him applies equally The lamentable situation regarding politi­ tions"). to them. After the student disturbances in cal prisoners in Indonesia which was out­ Mr. Subadio Sastrosatomo, former leader January, General Sumarahadi, the spokes­ lined in ICJ Review No. 10, June 1973, still of the banned Indonesian Socialist Party, man for Kophamtib stated: "There is a continues. Over 30,000 persons are being de­ who was jailed for four years under Sukarno; dent in the image of our nation. We have to tained without trial, virtually all since 1966. former editor of Mahasiswa Indonesia, a restore it as quickly as possible. We will pre­ The government acknowledges that there is student weekly, and later of the daily paper vent any type of re-occurrence at whatever no evidence against the greater number of of the Functional Groups, Suara Ka1·ya. cost". It seems improbable that tJ.1ere will them, but continue to hold them indefi­ Mr. Bjuhro Sumitradilaga, a fo1·mer colonel be any real improvement in the situation in nitely. 10,000 of the prisoners have been and an influential leader of the community Indonesia until it is brought home forcibly deported to the notorious camps on Buru of West Java. to the. Indonesian Government that their island, separated from their families and liv­ Mr. Hariman Siregar, Chairman of the continued and systematic repression of basic ing under deplorable conditions. Un~versity of Indonesia's Student Cm.mcil. human rights and fundamental freedoms is . causing a far greater dent in their image At the end of 1973 there were some signs of Mr. Remy ~eimena. Chairman of the liberalisation; and rumours of mass releases, Chl'istian University Student's Council. than n y student violence. but after the January riots the political re­ Mr. Sjahrir, leader in 1968 of the Higb pressions was again intensified. The govern­ School Students! A~tion ·Front. ment felt acutely embarassed by the riots 'Apart from the student leaders, the others and was determined to stamp out all expres­ appear to have .been held simply because CONGRESSMAN ANNUNZIO . SUP­ sion of opposition. they are leading intellectuals who. have been PORTS EXEMPTION OF A PORTION Among the measures announced . were a critical. of the goyernment and who have OF RETIREMENT INCOME FROM . ban on demonstrations, on student. state­ been in touch with st'udent groups. The FEDERAL INCOME TAX ments, on "canvassing activities for would­ government seems anxious to find scape­ be presidential candidates" and on any un­ goats who can be accused of leading the authorized political activities. Former mem­ studentS astray. With the exception of Hari­ HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO bers of banned political parties were urged man Siregar, whose trial began in August tQ join one of the authorised parties or one and has since been frequently adjourned, OF ILLINOIS of the professional organizations. The state­ none of those arrested has been charged n - THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI ES ment continued: "if they decide to remain with any offense. They are simply held under Monday, March 10, 1975 non-partisan they should in no way hinde1 the "Law on Subversive Activities No. 11 / the government", a striking example of the 1963," by virtue of whlch they e&n be held Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, on application of military principles in the without charge tor up to one year . . ·· • · January 14; ·1975, I intr9(iuced H.R. 194 political sphere. Among the problems which Apart from those arrest~d, a number of which would prBlack Death. serious problem. They contribute to the Mrs. Tuchman points eloquently to the Census ":figures for 1973 show that the illegal trafficking of narcotics in this coun­ median income for a. husband. and wife .try. The crew .members ..of ships that essentiality of Israel's existence· m 'the . J.~mily ·with th,e husband .65 years of age smuggle illegal .aliens .!ntp ~this. country also Middle Ea-st, the futility of appeasement. or qlper is $5,931. This amount is less s.muggle narcotics ~nto .m,J,F.: sa;cie.ty. .. . ~nd the ph{momenoi1 that .anti-SemitiSm than half of the $14,765 median-income Now add the amount of housing these continues, independent of its object. . r 5958 ° I •• I I EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS r 1 • March ·10, 19,5 Mrs. Tuchman's article follows: altogether and share a democratic state with LEGISLATIVE AGENDA OF .THE Ya.sir Arafat? This brings us to a second THEY POISONED THE WELLS CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS historical principle which, it is rather (By Barbara w. Tuchman) frightening to realize, does not lie in the When people suffer plague and famine personal experience of anyone now under RA~GEL or, as now, feel themselves threatened by 40 and may need re-explaintng. HON. CHARLES B. OF NEW YORK economic depression, fear of war and a sense SECOND PRINCIPLE of events moving out of control, they search IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for someone to blame. Historically the Jews The futility of appeasement. The rule of llave filled that role. During the Black Death human behavior here is that yielding to an Monday, Ma1·ch 10, 1975 of tlle fourteenth century, a virulent epi­ enemy's demands does not satisfy them but, Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I submit demic of bubonic plague that swept over b? exhibiting a position of weakness, aug­ ments them. It does not terminate hostility today the third and final part of the India, the Near East and all of Europe, kill- · legislative agenda of the Congressional ing an estimated one-third of the popula­ but excites it. Since Israel hardly needs to tion, the first corpses in Europe were hardly be reminded that the sequence Rhineland­ Black Caucus. This part outlines the buried before the cry against the Jews was Austria-Spain-Czechoslovakia-Poland would specific legislation proposed by the indi­ raised. They were accused of poisoning the be paralleled by Sinai-Golan-Jerusalem-West vidual Members to help meet the goals wells in a monstrous conspiracy "to kill Bank with the same end result, it cannot outlined in the two preceding sections·: and destroy the whole of Christendom." realistically be expected to initiate the proc­ LEGISLATIVE AGENDA OF THE CONGRESSIONAL Mobs assaulted the Jewish quarters, dragged ess. Given the experience of regained sover­ BLACK CAUCUS eignty and statehood after 2,000 years of be­ the inhabitants from their homes and burned HEALTH CARE them in bonfires. In many towns the as­ ing other people's victims, suicide is not now saults occured ahead of the plague. likely to be the Jewish choice. The United States is the . only indus­ The actual cause, a bacillus carried by Meanwhile public opinion is exercised by trialized nation ln the world that does not rat-borne fleas, had nothing to do . with specters of a Jewish lobby that either con­ have a comprehensive health care system. drinking water and contemporaries did not trols Congress, acco~ding to Senator Ful­ Medicaid and Medicare reach only a mini­ really suppose it had. Lacking knowledge of bright, or controls the banks and the news· mal number of people and with a relatively the real cause, they ascribed the plague to papers, according to Gene1·a1 Brown. low level of benefits. A large number of per­ mallgn planetary influence or to divine A Jewish lobby certainly exists as does the sons have no medical plan at all, and even punishment upon mankind for its sins. tea.chers' lobby, the gun lobby, the milk those ·with medical plans frequently do not ·Nevertheless, people in their anger and lobby, the labor lobby and countless others. have regular preventive care. misery still looked for a human agent upon But even if it had the power ascribed to it Basic~lly, the problem is one of cost. Un­ whom to vent the hostility that could not by Messrs. Fulbright and Brown, they would fortunately, the medical industry and the be vented on God. · be barking 1,1p the wrong tree. For the situ­ country have forced us to choose between In vain Pope Clement VI pointed out in ation in the Middle East Is not basically a the high costs of comprehensive coverage and two separate bulls that Jews died of the matter of Arabs versus Israel but a rising, a gamble with our own health. disease like eve1•yone else, that the plague armed by the suddenly discovered power of Legislation will be introduced in this ses­ oil, against the old dominion of the whites. sion of Congress, as it was in the last, to was affecting all peoples including Jews, and create national health care. Caucus members that it raged in areas where no Jews lived. This could hardly have been more pointed than when the Arab-Africa-Chinese-et cet­ Congressman Andrew Young and Congress­ Hence the charge of well-poisoning was man Ronald Dellums will introduce major "without plausibility." But the popular hys­ era bloc at the U.N., led by an Algerian presi­ dent of the Assembly, welcomed with honors health care legislation. There are a number teria was not contaip.ed. By the time the of principles which must be incorporated in plague had passed, few Jews were left in a Palestinian guerrilla leader ostentatiously wearing a gun holster. Like Hitler's "Mein any bill finally passed: Germany or the Low Countries. 1. It must set forth a positive health con­ Currently anti-Jewish sentiment is grow­ Kampf" which the world preferred to igno1·e, the welcome to Arafat meant what it said. cept which includes preventive services, ing more outspoken. Its renewal raises cer­ health maintenance and community educa­ tain principles of history,· and a prologue in The disappearance of Israel would do noth­ ing to change the movement; Israel is the tion for personal and community health. the form of a caution that in the honest 2. Health care must be recognized as a wish to learn from the past, people tend to excuse, not the cause. As always in history, from the Crusaders' massacres and the Black right, not merely as a privilege. overestimate history's capacity to repeat it­ 3. Health coverage must be comprehensive self. Events cannot· be relied on to happen Death to the Dreyfus affair, the czarist po­ groms and the Nazis, the Jews have been a and include the full range of health care, in the same way as before. History is a great . preventive, diagnosis, treatment and rehabil­ joker always likely to take an· unexpected distraction for other rages, other tensions .. and other aims. This brings us to anti-Semi­ itation regardless of one's ability to pay. turn for which no one ha.S ·planned. Its les­ 4. Tb~re must be progressive trust :tu11d sons cannot tell us what will happen next tism, a human reaction so old and enduring that it can qualify as a historical principle. financing so that health care is insured of but only how people tend to react. continuation as a permanent program. FIRST PRINCIPLE THIRD PRINCIPLE 5. Consumers, that ls, the community It is vain to expect logic-that is to say, Anti-Semitism is independent of its ob­ residents, must be permitted and encour­ a reasoned appreciation of enlightened self­ ject. What Jews do or fail to do is not the aged to participate in health care program interest--to determine the course of events. determinant. The impetus comes out of the operatiens. Rational thought and rational behaVior needs of the persecutors and a particular 6. Finally, the health care program must rarely govern either the formation or the political climate. Originally the Jew became be reinforced with adequate financing for operation of policy. Since human behavior an object of popular animosity because his research, planning and administration. is not logical, history cannot be. reJection of Christ as Savior and of the new SOCIAL INSURANCE law of the Gospel in place of the Mosaic Rational thought tells us that the elim­ law challenged the very foundation of the For a number of years, there has been a ination of permanent weakening of Israel early church. Consequently the synagogue great deal of discussion about welfare abuse, would not restore the happy days of cheap was pictured as enemy and the Jew as hate­ welfare reform and welfare replacement. Wel­ oil or open an era of friction-free relations ful. Far from its origins, anti-Semitism en­ fare or income security must be addressed with the Arabs, but rather the contrary. Re­ dures because of the uses it serves. this year both in terms of the amount of leased from the cautions required by the ex­ Today American Jews have learned that money and resources consumed by the istence of Israel, the Arabs would be subject the restored sovereignty of Israel has marked program. to no restraint whatever and the United the difference from the past; that a people More importantly, it must be discussed in States would be left with no lever, no foot­ without a country were a ghost people and human terms. Welfare recipients are citizens bold in the Middle East and no ally in that aliens everywhere, that if the state should be who have a right to be treated with dignity. region. The logic of the situation is as obvi­ vanquished all Jews become once again vul­ The Caucus will explore and discuss the ous as it was in 1348 that to burn a thousand nerable. What is still needed among them various alternatives to the present social in­ Jewf! would not save a single person from the is recognition, first, that they are a contrib­ surance system which are presented. In par­ plague. ticular, we will take a close look at the con­ uting, integral p'art of the nation with the cept a negative income tax. Nevertheless the feeling grows that if only same 1·ight to speak out and lobby for what of the Jews of Israel would go away and the However, any measure which receives final Jews of America would stop supporting them, they want as any other group; and second, Caucus approval cannot be laden down with the oil problem and the threat of war wound that anti-Semitism does not depend on them punitive, counter-productive amendments, vanish. There follows a rising demand upon but on the political climate of the whole. It such as has happened in the past. As one Israel for concessions: a return of the Mitla rises with the right or with the totalitarian simple example, it is ludicrous to talk about and Gidi passes and· Sinai oil fields to Egypt, left; it remains more or less quiescent while forced work requirements at a time of spiral­ the Golan Heights to Syria, Jerusalem to democratic institutions survive. The climate ing unemployment. Moreover, it is necessary satisfy King Fa.isal, the West Bank to the of the whole is what Jews like other Ameri­ to remove procedures and activities which PLO. After that why not give up sovereignty cans must be concerned with. result in lnvasions of privacy. It is also cru- March 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5959 clal to recognize that the _ma'j~ri~y ~f :Y...el~are . 2. Civil and Political Rights ~d Liberti~si offenses, especially non-vioient victimless recipients are heads of single-parent house­ Vo,ting Representation fo~ the. District of Co:­ crimes should be redefined. (3) Programs of holds, frequently with young children. lumbia (Fauntroy, Diggs) .-Despite t~e .first deferred prosecution in federal criminal Any welfare replacement or. income l!lupple­ election of local officials in a. century .in tl_le cases should be created. (4) A federal grand ment program is doomed to failure unless it District of Columbia this past year, Washing,. jury investigating executive branch officials is tied to job development, job training, a ton has no voting representation in the U.S. should have the opportunity to appoint a vastly expanded child care program, a:nd a Senate or House of Representatives. A bill to special prosecutor if it is felt that the in- vestigation is being compr~mised. . thorough and far-reaching progr~m. to eradi­ be introduced later this year will provide for cate sex and racial discrimin:ation in educa­ full voting members of the Senate and House . Dum-Dum Bullets (Burke, Metcalfe).~ tion, job training and unemploym_ent. from Washington, D.C. The Hollow Bullet Control Act would bar the We also support expansion and increased Dishonorable Discharges (Stokes, Metcalfe, importation, manufacture, possession or use funding of programs authorized by the Older Young) .-To ameliorate the severe and in­ of the so-called dum-dum bullp.t. or any sim­ Americans Act of 1965. ·equitable social and economic consequences ilar hollow point bullet. of dishonorable discharges, legislation is be­ Office of Federal Correctional Ombudsman EDUCATION ing introduced to require that there be only (Metcalfe) .-An independent third party During the past several years, important a single category of discharge from the armed system for investigating and arbitrating education policy questions have taken .sec­ forces and that reason for separation be kept complaints of both inmates and the staffs ond place to a misleading, and emotional, confidential. of the federal prison system and those who debate over the question of busing. As mis­ Amnesty (Dellums) .-A bill introduced are under the direction of the federal parole directed discussion continues to take place, provides automatic general amnesty for fail­ board should be established. education for black children, as well as for ing to comply with any requirement of, or To Permit Suits Against States and Local­ many others, continues to su1Ier. While ele­ relating to service in the Armed Forces dur­ ities (Metcalfe) .-Inability under the law to mentary and secondary education are of ing our Indochina involvement. An Amnesty sue states and localit_es frequently leaves primary importance for our consti-tuents, leg­ Commission would also be created. many persons without a remedy for injuries. islative activity in education this year will Discrimination in Bar Examination An amendment to Section 1979 of the Re­ mostly concern higher education and voca­ (Hawkins) .-A proposed amendment to the vised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1983) would per-:­ tional education. Community Services Act of 1974 would pro­ mit such suits. Two major pieces of legislation, the Higher vide for federal bar examiners for temporary Drugstore Robbery (Nix) .-Provides fines Education Act and Vocational Education Act periods in those states in which there is sub­ up to $5,000 and/or imprisonment for up t<;> expire this year and are likely to be renewed. stantial and long standing evidence of dis­ 2 years for robbing a pharmacy of any nar;. We support their renewal, ·but we are -con­ crimination in the administration of bar cotic as defined under the Controlled Sub­ cerned that they be strengthened, and not 'examinations. · stances Act. weakened. There are indications that at­ Psychosurgery Prohibition (Stokes).­ (4) Consumer Protection: F.U.E.L. Sub­ tempts will be made to amend those acts in Under proposed legislation psychosurgery, sidy Program for Energy Costs (Stokes).­ a manner which the Caucus considers detri­ including lobotomy, psychiatric surgery, To relieve the burden of rising energy costs mental to their purpose. behavioral surgery and all other forms of on lower-income families, the F.U.E.L. pro­ Thus, in extending the Higher Education brain surgery to modify thoughts, action and gram would make subsidies evailable for Act, there are three important issues which behavior would be prohibited in any feder­ electricity, heating fuel and gas, allowing must be addressed: 1. Eligibility criteria ally connected health care facility. voluntary participation by needy families. it must concentrate on aiding those ·students Mexican-American Land Rights (Hawk­ would graduate the allowance so that the with the greatest needs; 2. the strengthening ins) .-Two bills have been introduced to greatest benefits accn~e to the families o1 Developing Institutions program ·must be guarantee, protect and, when necessary, to lowest income on a scale from 10 to 90 per:­ continued at at least the same funding level; restore the community land grants belong­ cent of energy costs. 3. There must be no provisions ·which restrict ing to descendants of former Mexican Citi­ Antitrust (Jordan) .-Efforts must be made the affirmative action obligations of institu­ zens. Fm·ther, the civil, religious, political to increase the effectiveness of antitrust tions to hire and promote minorities. ·and property rights of these persons are laws by such means as permitting state At­ A renewed "Vocational Education Act must protected, as is theh· right to self deter­ torneys General the authority to file class contain provisions to ensure that handi­ mination. action antitrust suits in federal courts, re­ capped and disadvantaged students receive 3. Criminal Justice: Gun Control (Dellums, pealing state fair trade laws, and by pre­ substantial benefits from the program. More­ Fauntroy, Metcalfe, Nix) .-The use of hand­ venting leading conglomerates from con­ over, legislative provisions must be added to guns and other firearms has become an over­ trolling alternative sources of energy. Also see that administrative costs at the state level whelming threat to the life and safety of the antitrust exemption for agricultural co­ are substantially diminished. Americans of all races. Black on black· crime operatives should be re-evaluated. Unfortunately, the bill known as the "Holt is an especially prevalent problem. Several Commodity Price Marking (Ford) .-To Amendment'' has been reintroduced. That bills offered by Caucus members and by protect consumers' right and ability to ac­ amendment would prevent the use of fed­ others would ban the importation, manu­ curately determine prices, particularly in eral funds to collect data by race, sex and facture, sale, purchase, transfer, transpor­ food stores, price marking on individual national origin for the purpose of compliance tation, receipt, possession and ownership of commodity items must be made mandatory. with Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Its handguns, except in certain circumstances. A bill to this end has been introduced in passage would essentially undercut enforce­ These special circumstances would involve response to the growing use of computer ment of most federal civil rights law, not gun clubs, collectors, security guards and checkout pricing in supermarkets. In addi­ only in education, but in all areas where similar persons. An effective registration and tion, the Caucus strongly supports the es­ federal financial support is · involved. The reporting system would be established. A tax tablishment of an independent consumer Congressional Black Caucus vigorously op­ credit system for turning in handguns is protection agency with the power to investi­ poses the Holt Amendment, which was· de­ proposed in some bills. The Caucus supports gate anti-consumer activities and go to court feated in the United States Senate last year. the strongest bill using these elements which with its own attorneys. In addition to the preceding areas of major can be passed. 5. Foreign Affairs: Rhodesian Chrome focus, following are some forty pieces ·of leg­ Hearings will be held before the Sub­ (Diggs) .-The Congressional Black Caucus islation in ten major categories which are committee on Crime chaired by Congress­ strongly supports the bill to repeal the Byr~ being introduced by members of the Con­ man John Conyers. amendment. The Byrd Amendment passed in gressional Black Caucus. In different ways, Grand Jury Reform (Conyers, Rangel).­ 1971, authorizes the President, in disregard each affects substantial segments of the The Grand Jury Reform Act of 1975 provides of United Nations sanctions, to import cer­ nation. rules and safeguards ·assuring the appear­ tain strategic materials, that is, Rhodesian 1. Child Care (Chisholm) .-A child care ance of witnesses, protecting their constitu­ Chrome. The world community recognizes bill to be introduced would establish feder­ tional rights and apprising grand jury mem­ the illegitimacy of the Rhodesian regime. ally aided child development programs to bers of their inquiry powers. A witness could Fair Employment Practices for U.S. Firms provide comprehensive services to children be given immunity and a corresponding in South Africa (Diggs) .-Contracts between under the age of six. Building on the Head­ order to testify only if he or she agrees to the U.S. Government and any person or start experience, there would be multi-service this exchange. A favorable vote by a grand firm doing business in South Africa should programs for young children and their fam­ jury majority would be necessary to sub­ be prohibited unless such person or firm is ilies. While the program would serve a broad poena a witness and to request a contempt doing business in accordance with fair em, population definite priorities are established citation. Use immunity would be eliminated. ployment practices and is listed on a roster for poor children and those with special Criminal Justice Reform (Conyers, Jordan, established under this Joint Resolution. needs including migrants, handicapped ·and Rangel) .-A number of other .cri~inal jus­ African Development Funding Act bilingual children. This would also· include tice reforms should be made in addition to (Young) .-Would provide for multilateral children of working mothers and· single­ those elsewhere in this agenda. ( 1) Citi­ trade and technical assistance commitments parent families. The bill would allow pub­ zens should be enlisted in the war against based on the development priorities of Afri­ lic and private organizations arid ihstltutions crime by such programs· a·s citizens patrols can nations. to operate programs. and block security programs. (2) Criminal 6. Governmental Structure and Responsi- 5960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 10, 1975 bility: Bureaucratic Accountability (Del­ with certain specified circumstances in the to those courageous young men who gave lums) .-In response to hearings on govern­ current economic crisis, such as loss of em­ their lives for the cause of international mental lawlessness held by the Congressional ployment, temporary layoffs, etc. would be Black Caucus in 1972, the Bureaucratic Ac­ permitted to defer loan repayment under freedom, and as an essential signal to the countability Act has been introduced to in­ FHA and VA guarantee program for a period world that we will continue to support sure that citizens m:1y obtain information not to exceed six months without penalty. similar struggles against tyranny both and redre::; s concerni , g fe::lerr.l activities. Condominium Conversion Protection (Col­ in Asia and in the Near East. The bill would extend due proce.ss require­ lins) .-The National . Condominium Act of Yet, there is a real danger that this ments under the Administr at ive Procedures 1975 (H.R. 228) would provide national con­ Congress may abandon our country's Act to social programs and oth er aspects of dominium standards for condominium commitment to aid freedom-a commit­ positive government s. I t would also broaden projects utilizin g federal funds, and would ment of which we have always been espe­ requirements for citizen in, ut in agency create the post of Assistant Secretary of HUD rulemaking and would further the private for Condominiums to administer the protec­ cially proud. As New York Times attorney general concept. tions for condominiums. The federal stand­ columnist Charles W. Wiley argues in a Census Undercount (Rangel) .-The pro­ ards would include submission of a form to recent article entitled, "The United posed legislation would require federal agen­ HUD showing such t h ings as contract terms States Stake in Southea::; t Asia," the cies administering domestic assistance pro­ and legal descri!) tion of the project. Existing price which the Congr3ss may pay for grams utilizing population based formulas tenan ts would be given six months after ina;;tion could be world disorder: to adjust data in determining allocations to notica of conversion for priority in purchase. The struggle in Southeast Asia has been a be responsive to census undercount rates Low In terest Loans for RehaNlitation test of our will, an d our response is being determined by the U.S. Bureau of the (Metcalfe) .-Housing rehabilitation loans carefully studied by friend and foe alike. Census. should be provided for low and middle in­ Some will decide their policy after asking Cabinet Level Minority Enterprises Agency come individuals. The legislation introduced themselves, would a nation that turns its (Mitchell) .-Under legislation to be intro­ also calls for a General Accounting Office back on its own honored dead stand firm any­ duced, the minority business components of evaluation of all ongoing housing programs where? And if they conclude, as they likely the Small Business Administration, the of­ on a regular basis to determine whether con­ would, that the United States is a cowardly fice of Minority Business Enterprise and gressional intent is being met. paper tiger without wm, we can look for­ those within the Department of Health, 9. Martin Lut her King Birthday National ward to endless aggression across the globe. Education, and Welfare would be combined Holiday (Conyers) .-January 15th of each The Middle East and Asia are likely next into a single cabinet level agency. year, the date of Dr. Martin Luther King's targets, but the danger is everywhere. Independent Office of Civll Rights En­ birth, should be designated as a legal public forcement (Hawkins) .-The Civil Rights En­ holiday. Making Dr. King's birthdate a na­ I insert Mr. Wiley's column, which ap­ forcement Act of 1975 would create the Civil tional holiday would do more than honor peared in the New York Times of Febru­ Rights Enforcement Agency as an independ· the memory of Dr. King as an individual. ary 9, 1975, at this point in the RECORD: ent agency of the federal government with It would provide at least one day during the e. director as chief executive officer who year when all Americans would have an op­ THE UNITED STATES STAKE IN SOUTHEAST A S IA would be appointed by the Supreme Court of portunity to reflect on the ideals for which (By Charles W. Wiley) the United States and confirmed by the Dr. King lived and died, and to consider how Our country is at a cros-:: roads of history. Senate. far we remain from truly fulfilling his ideals, The United States has promised small n a­ Veterans' Pensions (Ford) .-LegLc;;lation as individuals and as a society. tions that it would stand by them. And, should be enacted to ensure that recipients 10. Women's Rights: Rape Prevention and based on our repeated pledges, millions of of Veterans' pension and compensation will Control (Burke) .-A National Center for the people have committed their lives-and those not have the amount of such pension or Prevention and Control of Rape within the of their children-to the struggle. To turn compensation reduced because of increase in National Institute of Mental Health should away from them now would not be worthy of monthly social security benefits. be established. It would provide financial our great nation. Hatch Act Reform (Clay) .-Federal gov­ assistance for a research and demonstra­ During nearly two decades of American ernment employees, who are presently pro­ tion program into the causes, consequences, commitment to stopping aggression in South­ hibited from participating in partisan poli­ prevention, treatment and control of rape. east Asia-the policy of five Presidents and tics should be permitted to participate in Pap Smear Test (Collins) .-The Social Se­ their parties-we have spent billions of dol­ election campaigns and other aspects of the curity Act should be amended to provide for lars and lost thousands of lives. How can we political process. coverage under the Medicare program for dishonor the nearly 50,000 young Americans Social Security Disab111ty Benefits routine Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for the who gave their precious lives to the cause of (Stokes) .-Title II of the Social Security Act diagnosis of uterine cancer. freedom? should be amended to provide that an indi­ Social Security Coverage fo1· Homemakers The old arguments of the critics are gone. vidual may qualify for disability insurance (Jordan) .-A bill has been introduced which Americans no longer need to fight in South­ benefits and the disabiilty freeze if he has recognizes household employees as self-em­ east Asia. The South Vietnamese and Cam­ enough quarters of coverage to be fully in­ ployed workers and provides them with all bodians obviously have the will to fight their sured for old-age benefit purposes, regardless the social security benefits available to other own battles. of when such quarters were earned. workers. Given the time to develop their nation and 7. Health: Narcotics (Rangel) .-The Con­ military strength, the South Vietnamese, de­ gressional Black Caucus supports legislative spite awesome economic and strategic prob­ and appropriations efforts to ( 1) increase THE U.S. STAKE IN SOUTHEAST lems and years of suffering. are doing almost the Drug Enforcement Agency's budget. (2) as well alone as when we were there with over provide funding for supportive services such ASIA a half million troops. as education and employment counseling to It is clear that many critics will not be permit treated addicts to return to the eco­ satisfied until our South Vietnamese allies, nomic mainstream. HON. FLOYD SPENCE have been enslaved and the United States Mobile Health Units (Burke) .-Under the OF SOUTH CAROLINA is judged a loser in the eyes of the world and Mobile Health Units Act, health care deliv­ our own people. ery a-ssistance to medically underserved ur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There is no way to cover up surrender to ban and rural areas would be provided Monday, March 10, 1975 terrorists and aggression. Those who try to through special project grants for the pur­ justify appeasement as a means of "avoid­ chase of mobile health units. Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, our involve­ ing fueling the conflict" only add lies to Amniocentesis Research (Burke) .-To fur­ ment in Indochina during the last 20 compound their shame. Aleksandr Solzhen­ ther research into the early detection of years has been an extremely costly ven­ itsyn has described the "sickness of the will" birth defects, funds should be provided for ture by all standards. Billions of Ameri­ in the free world. As he said in his Nobel research to extend the ava!lability of Amnio­ can dollars and thousands of American Prize acceptance speech: centesis to those who cannot now afford "The spirit of Munich prevails in the such tests. lives have been the price for our moral twentieth century. The timid civilized world 8. Housing: Low-Income Housing (Mit­ obligation to assist a small nation in its has found nothing with which to oppose chell) .-A 3-year emergency housing pro­ :fight for freedom and survival. the onslaught of a sudden revival of bare­ gram based on legislation now on the books, To help sustain the brave effort of our faced barbarity, other than concessions and should be put into effect. Three m1llion units ally, the Republic of Vietnam, against smiles. . .• And tomorrow, you'll see, it will in three years are required: one million pub­ great odds, we are now asked to con­ be all right. But it will never be all l'ightt lic h ousing; one milllon 236 or 515 with rent tribute an emergency swn in the form The price o! cowardice will only be evil~ we supplements; one million 235 or 502 with in­ of military materials-not men-in an shall reap courage and victory only when terest credits. Sixty percent of the units we dare to make sacrifices. •• should be in metropolitan areas, forty per­ amount which represents less than 1 per­ Not only is our honor at stake. but so ls cent outside. cent of the total U.S. economic assis­ the survival of much of the world-its people Limited Moratorium on Repayment of FHA tance to the area. and natural resources-and, ultimately, our and VA-Guaranteed Loans (Burke) .-Under In my view, this request is only a small very own existence. legislation to be introduced, persons faced sacrifice for our country to pay as tribute The struggle in Southeast Asia has been March 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5961 a test of our will, and our response is being ously, providing more than 80% of the Sai­ you define a conservative as one who wants carefully studied by friend and foe alike. gon government budget. government to reduce its meddling in our Some will decide their policies after asking Two years ago we pledged that our ad­ economy and lives. If there be a respectei:l themselves, Would a nation that turns its visors "to all paramllitary organizations and man in congress it must be the much ma­ back on its own honored dead stand firm the police force" would be withdrawn. (Ar­ ligned Barry Goldwater. Surely with a con~ anywhere? An~ if they conclude, as they ticle 5) They are still there. · fidence rating of 13% the rest of the con~ likely would, that the United States is a Two years ago we pledged "the dismantle­ gress should be worrying. cowardly paper tiger without will, we can ment of all (U.S.) military ba-ses in South Congress finds lots of time to investigate look forward to endless aggression across Vietnam". (Ar.ticle 6) The military bases are and investigate, ad infinitum, Watergate and the globe. The Middle East and Asia are the still there, but turned over to the Vietnam­ the CIA. When, for the love of all that's good likely next targets, but the danger is every~ ese. and holy are they going to investigate the where. Two years ago we pledged that we would unbelievable bureaucracy that grows like a It is almost unbelievable that there can "not impose any political tendency or per­ fungus. The waste and inefficiencies of gov~ be serious opposition concerning continued sonality on the South Vietnamese people". ernment from the county of Hennepin to the material (not manpower) help to Southeast (Article 9) We do so every day. state and federal sectors has to be one of Asia. The amount of additional dollar aid Two ye·ars ago the South Vietnamese par­ the major causes of inflation yet congress being asked for both Vietnam and Cambodia ties pledged to "ensure the democratic liber­ fiddles while the country burns, and we bark is but a tiny fraction of our total commit~ ties of the people: personal freedom, free­ a small bark that seems unheard. ment-far less than one per cent. dom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom Washington Report estimates 72.5 million In Southeast Asia today we are like a poker of meeting, freedom of organization, freedom persons receive some sort of governmental player in a showdown hand. The table· is of political activities, freedom of residence, pay or subsidy while less than 72 million piled high with chips-blue for treasure and freedom of work .... (Article 11) The work in private enterprise. red for the blood of our fallen sons-and we Thieu regime, which we support, denies Bill, Im only venting my frustrations, but are hesitating to toss in a few white chips! those freedoms consistently and as a mat~ I see no hope that government will get us Will this not signal the world that we have ter of policy. The regime could not survive out of the depression that I believe waste in washed our hands of honor and the will to without our help. government got us into in the first place. survive? Two years ago we pledged to "put an end Please will you join with whoever you can Ours is a young nation of vibrant courag~ to all military activities in Cambodia", and find to cut back on federal, state and county eous people. Our heritage is rich and our to allow that country to settle its internal programs, and stop the unbelievable deficits. achievements great. But we still must learn affairs "without foreign interference". (Ar­ ($52,000,000,000.00) The repeated defeat of from history. One lesson, perhaps the most ticle 20) We have not put an end to such local referendums on school spending indi­ important today, is that "staying power" activity; our foreign interference continues. cates the temper of the electorate. When will is crucial. Those who would destroyed free~ The letter concludes, "And finally, we must our elected officials get the message, dom and our way of llfe have proved that say to ourselves: our past caution and in­ One last remark. If the Federal Reserve they have it. Do we? action were factors in the escalation of the Board would free some money and cut the war in southeast Asia. we confess this griev­ prime rate, private initiative could move, and ous fault and ask forgiveness-forgiveness until private enterprise moves all the spend­ from God, and also from his children, vic­ ing in the government sector will only dig timized by our timidity. We dare not, by the hole a little deeper each day. A PASTORAL LETTER ON OUR perpetuating a feeble witness, perpe·tuate a Every small business I know, and I know a INVOLVEMENT IN VIETNAM ruthless war. . . . We pray for a new insight lot of them, including our own, is strapped and fresh courage, so to speak and so to act not for a lack of business but because our that pe·ace may truly come." receivables have grown beyond belief, and HON. ANDREW YOUNG we can't afford 16% and higher interest OF GEORGIA rates on loans to finance these late payments. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Small businesses are going to fold by the thousands and productive workers will have Monday, March 10, 1975 GROWTH IN GOVERNMENT-MAD PROGRESSION to live on an unproductive dole. Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, Bill, I know I oversimplify, and I am aware the March 9 bulletin of the First Con­ of pressures and problems in political life, but someone has to turn this thing around gregational United Church of Christ in HON. BILL FRENZEL if we are to survive as a free people. Govern­ Washington, D.C., carried an article ob­ OF MINNESOTA ment cannot solve everybody's problems, and serving that the United States has not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES never will, so let's start back to when this lived up to the Paris Peace Agreement Monday, March 10, 1975 was not a socialistic state, but grew to be the of 2 years ago. The article quotes from greatest country in the world under a free a pastoral letter to the religious com­ Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, I recently enterprise system. munities from 40 religious leaders. received a letter from a constituent, an The issue of continuing aid to Cam­ old friend, who has many years of expe­ bodia and Vietnam ic:: now before us. If rience in local and State government. ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE my colleagues would read this letter, I After a couple decades of public service, believe it will enhance their understand­ he feels more frustrated today than ever ing of why we must say "no" to the before by an ever-growing, wasteful, un­ HON. ROBERT McCLORY President's request: · productive Government. His feelings are OF ILLINOIS A PASTORAL LETTER ON OUR INVOLVEMENT IN representative of my entire district, but JN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES INDOCHINA he expresses better than anyone who has Monday, March 10, 1975 Headlines again make us very aware of our written me, so I have included his re­ anguish around the question of our involve~ marks for the RECORD. I only hope some Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, a few ment in Indochina. President Ford has asked of us are listening. weeks ago, I had an opportunity to take congress for $222 million in new military aid The letter follows: ·note of the 57th anniversary of the in­ for Cambodia and $300 million in new mili~ DEAR BILL: I read a little story the other dependence of Lithuania. Today, I would tary aid for South Vietnam. day supposedly attributable to Wm. Cullen like to bring to the attention of the Recently 40 well-known religious leaders Bryant. It goes something like this. "There sent out a pastoral letter to the religious House, the celebration of a sister "Cap­ was a shoemaker in Naples whose small dog tive Nation," Estonia. February 24th communities of the United States. Among went out each morning and barked at Mt. the signers of the letter was Dr. Robert Moss, Vesuvius." That's all of the story, but it marked the 57th anniversary of the dec­ President of the United Church of Christ. reflects the feeling of almost everyone I know. laration of independence for that nation The letter points out that we have not A total frustration with the unbelievable as well. lived up to the Paris Peace Agreement signed growth of government at every level, and The Republic of Estonia has had a on January 27, 1973. For example: a feeling that our elected representatives are long history of domination by foreign Two years ago we pledged "to respect the either powerless or unwilling to stop this powers. With the conclusion of World independence, sovereignty, unity, and terri~ mad progression. torlal integrity of Vietnam". (Article 1) We War I, Estonia, along with neighboring So I bark at the only part of the mountain nations, Latvia and Lithuania, was es­ have not done so. I know, without much hope that a single Two years ago we pledged: "The United individual could change, if he wished, the tablished as a free and independent na­ States will not continue its military involve­ course upon which we seem to be embarked. tion. It was further recognized by the ment or interfere in the internal affairs of Polls seems to indicate that though there League of Nations in 1921. Since that South Vietnam". (Article 4) We are still mil­ are more Democrats than Republicans the time, and despite signed treaties by the itarily involved and we interfere continu~ great majority of people are conservative, if Soviet Union recognizing the sovereignty 5962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 10,' 1975 of those Baltic nations, Estonia and her accumulating in the grocery basket. It Michael Harrington (Mass.) • sister states were each forcibly incorpo­ reduces the consumer's consciousness of Herbert E: Harris II (Va.). Augustus F. Hawkins (Calif.). rated into the Soviet Union and ruth­ food prices and price increases. Ken Hechler (W.Va.). lessly subjugated to its control. Beyond these considerations, the stor­ Henry Helstoski (N.J.). Mr. Speaker, not unlike the Estonians' ing of prices in an offsite computer opens Elizabeth Holtzman (N.Y.). refusal to relinquish their claim to na­ the way to deception on the part of the James J. Howard (N.J.) . tional independence and personal free­ supermarket managers. While the indus­ Edward I. Koch (N.Y.). dom, the United States has never rec­ try claims that the UPC system reduces Marilyn Lloyd (Tenn.). ognized the imperialistic acquisition of error in grocery tallies by eliminating Andrew Maguire (N.J.). insur­ Edward Mezvinsky (Iowa). those nations. Despite seemingly mispunches on the cash register, con­ WilliamS. Moorhead (Pa.). mountable ideological limitations placed sumer groups point out that it also per­ John M. Murphy (N.Y.). on their cultural life by the purposeful mits stores to charge prices at variance Morga n F. Murphy (Dl.) . and manipulative policy of Sovietization, with those advertised or posted on shelves James L. Oberstar (Minn.). the Estonians remain strong and unde­ without the consumer ever being aware. Richard L. Ottinger (N.Y.). terred in their struggle for independence. Studies indicate that even if such de­ Edward W. Pattison (N.Y.). Mr. Speaker, we can join the many ceptive practices are not engaged in, Peter A. Peyser (N.Y.). supportive Estonian-Americans in offer­ shelf markings are not a good substitute Frederick W. Richmond (N.Y.). Robert A. Roe (N.J.). ing a resounding approval of the recently for item pricing because they are such an Edward R. Roybal (Calif.). introduced Baltic resolution. We can inaccurate source of price information. Leo J. Ryan (Calif.). match the unwavering spirit of the Es­ For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I am Fernand J. StGermain (R.I.). tonian people with our unalterable stand today introducing the Price Disclosure PaulS. Sarbanes (Md.). m refusing to recognize Soviet claims to Act. This ·legislation would prevent su­ Stephen J. Solarz (N.J.) . these "'Captive Nations." Perhaps, Mr. permarkets from removing individual Fortney H. Stark (Calif.). SPeaker, this mutuality of effort can price markings from groceries when they William G. Whitehurst (Va.). form the basis for positive action which adopt UPC checkout systems. Identical will one day result in a true declaration legislation is being introduced in the of independe~ce for the Estonian people. Senate by Senators Moss and MAGNUSON. UPC was developed by the food indus­ ESCALATING THE TUNA WAR try to benefit itself without any con­ sultation with consumer or employee HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN PRICE DISCLOSURE ACT groups. And the industry is now adver­ OF CALIFORNlA tising it as a benefit to the consumer. IN THE HdUSE OF REP~ENTATIVE S On the contrary, this has the greatest HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL potential for abuse of any so-called in­ Monday, March 10, 1975 OF NEW YORK novation the grocery industry has yet Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES produced. the front page of today's Washington Monday, March 10, 1975 In an age of soaring prices, we must do Post is an article which I feel best ex­ everything we can to give consumer the emplifies the plight of U.S. :fishermen in, Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, a rev­ tools they need to maximize the value of their continuous battle with the Ecua­ olutionary change is taking place in their food dollar. The elimination of in­ dorean Government--the "tuna war." supermarkets and it is threatening to dividual item pricing is a move in the The latest incident in this ongoing place obstacles in the paths of consumers opposite direction. battle occurred last Thursday, when 18 trying to maximize the value of their The price of a UPC system is estimated crewmen from the U.S. ship Neptune food dollars. The "obstacles" are a series at $100,000 or more per supermarket, and were arrested following a shipboard of markings most of us in this Chamber as wit!l similar innovations, the cost will melee in which shots were fired and blows already have noticed o~ our grocery be refiected in higher food prices. exchanged. packages, and we will no d"ubt be hear­ Although no one was seriously injured, ing much more about them from our con­ This bill also calls for unit pricing of all nondurable products as well. This the gravity of this incident must be real­ stituents as usage spreads. ized and the State Department must The markings are known as the uni­ means the retail price of a product, per single whole unit of weight, volume of move quickly for the release of these versal product code-UPC-and when captive crewmen before a truly disas­ passed over an optical scanner at the measure must be posted in the shelf along with the item price. Unit pricing trous confrontation occurs. Further, a supermarket checkout counter, they tell total cutoff of aJl mil:.tary sales and for­ the computer what was purchased and is one of the most anti-inflationary mea­ eign aid to Ecuador seems in order, cou­ the price is automatically rung up on the sures we can take to bring down the high pled with a directive in the strongest cash register. The item and price are then cost of food. It is a tool that permits con­ possible terms stating American inten­ printed on the register tape. This system sumers to make precise price compari­ tion ·to continue fishing in these inter­ is supposed to speed checkout lines, help sons between various sized packages of national waters. retailers reduce their labor force, and the same product and select the one that The State Department is depending on improve inventory control, reordering is most economical for his needs. this month's international "law of the and sales forecasting. This legislation is supported by Con­ sea" conference in Switzerland to aile-· The UPC codes now appear on more sumer Federation of America and Retall viate surging tensions between our two than 50 percent of all supermarket prod­ Clerks International. countries. More positive action is needed ucts, and within the coming year over Cosponsors of the Price Disclosure Act now, and I implore our Government to SO major supermarket chains will be ex­ are: respond. perimenting with the new scanner sys­ COSPONSORS The Post article follows: tem. In 5 years, more than half the major Bella S. Abzug (N.Y.). "TuNA WAR" EsCALATES IN ECUADOR supermarkets in the Nation are expected Les Aspin (Wis.). (By Douglas Watson) to be using automated checkout systems. Herman Badillo (N.Y.). The Ecuadorean navy's arrest Thursday Unfortunately, many retailers are us­ Bob Bergland (Minn.) . of an American tuna boat's 18 crewmen fol­ ing UPC as an excuse to discontinue the Wllliam M. Brodhead (Mich.). lowing a shipboard melee ln which shots item pricing of individual packages be­ Phillip Burton (Calif.) . were :fired and blows exchanged was the lat­ cause that is no longer necessary for the John Conyers, Jr. (Mich.). est battle in the long-running U.S.-Ecu­ James C. Corman (Calif.). adorean "tuna war." tallying of purchase totals. The elimina­ Dominick V. Daniels (N.J.) • tion of item pricing makes comparison Charles C. Diggs, Jr. (Mich.). It can't compare with the Cambodian or shopping within a supermarket extreme­ Thomas J. Downey (N.Y.). Middle East crisis, but the escalating "tuna ly difficult. It prevents shoppers from Robert F. Drtnan (Mass.). war" is anything but a laughing matter to eomparing the prices of newly purchased Bob Eckhardt (Tex.). the American tuna industry, the Ecuador­ Don Edwards (N.Y.). eans or the State Department. items with those stored at home or ad­ Joshua Enberg (Pa.) . The 23-year-old dispute Is over fighting Yertised 1n the newspaper. It makes it Harold E. Ford (Tenn.). rights ln that part of the Paclftc Ocean within vh·tually impossible to total purchases Donald M. Fraser (Minn.). 200 miles of Ecuador's coast, an area over March 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5963 which the Andean nation of 7 million peo­ acquitted and one was convicted and sen­ tive Act enacted by Congtess, providing for tenced to five days in jaU and a $400 fine. full u.s. compensation to owners of tuna ple claims sovereignty. . boats fined by Ecuador. This means that U.S. The tuna, one of the world's most valuable QUICK ACTION URGED taxpayers will be picking up the full tab for seafoods, is a large, highly migratory fish. The battle aboard the Neptune brought the fines, which total more than 10 times Large schools of tuna can often be found quick demands for a. stern U.S. response. The what the license fees would have cost if in the disputed waters, which normally sup­ crew gave the U.S. consul a statement urging owners of the seven seized boats and paid ply a substantial portion of U.S. tunafish "U.S. destroyers be dispatched off the coast them. Actually, only fi.v~ of the seven boats consumption-1.4 billion se~en-ounce c~s of Ecuador to protect our people." were eligible for licenses, the other two annually. Pormer California. Gov. Ronald Reagan being too large. Ecuadorean law says that no ships, in­ wrote in a newspaper column that in re­ The State Department officially says it is cluding an American tuna fleet of at least.130 sponse to Ecuador's action, the United States up to the tuna boat owners to decide wheth­ vessels largely operating out of Southern should consider extending its sea claim to er or not to buy the licenses. Only a few California, can :fish there without buying li­ 200 miles or the "U.S. government next win­ have. However, representatives of the Amer­ censes costing $20,000 to $31,000 per boat, ter should send along a destroyer with the ican Tunaboat Association charged that the and that the larger boats can't buy licenses tuna boats to cruise, say 13 miles off the State Department unofficially has discour­ at all. shore of Ecuador in an updated version of aged the tuna boat owners from purchasing The American tuna boat owners, with a few Teddy Roosevelt's dictum of 'talk softly, but the Ecuadorean licenses. A State Department exceptions have refused to buy the licenses carry a big stick.'" source maintained that though there once because they don't recognize Ecuador's claim If anything, Ecuadoreans feel even more was such unofficial pressure, there hasn't to a 200-mile territorial limit. They have strongly about their nations' claimed sov­ been any recently. insisted that international and U.S. laws ereignty of the Pacific to 200 miles out from The State Department wants to avoid botb maintain the "freedom of the seas" in the the South American mainland and to within ..gunboat diplomacy" that could arouse aU disputed waters. 200 miles of the Galapagos Islands, which of Latin America against Uncle Sam and the STATE AGREES means that at some points Ecuador claims appearance of caving in to one nation's nearly all of a 600-mile-wide section of the The State Department agrees in principle unilateral claim that could encourage other with the tuna industry in not recognizing Pacific. countries to make similar claims·. There also Ecuador, Chile and Peru :first claimed a is a growing awareness in this country that the Ecuadorean claim, but it has done so 200-mile limit in 1952. According to the much more softly and diplomatically, leaving something more than this nation's present. American Tunaboat Association, in the past three-mile claim to sovereignty and 12-mlle 1he American tuna men bitterly angry that 15 years Ecuador has seized 136 American the U.S. government has not more aggres­ claim to sea resources off U.S. coasts could vessels for fishing in its claimed waters with­ be very valuable at a time when there was sively supported its citizens. out a license. Despite a demand Friday from the Ameri­ an increasing hunt for offshore oil and other can Tunaboat Association that President OTHER BOATS FINED sea resources. Ford dispatch U.S. destroyers to the disputed Over the years, several other Latin Amer­ LARGER PROBLEM EXlSTS waters, State Department officials are de­ ican nations, particularly Peru, have also A State Department official said of the termined to avoid anything that Latin Amer­ :fined fishing boats they have considered U.S.-Ecuadorean .. tuna war, that ... this prob­ icans could call .. gunboat diplomacy." transgressors, but by far the most boat seiz­ lem has been viewed as part of a larger At the same time, State Department ures have been made by Ecuador. problem. You ea..n't divorce tt from our 'law oources said, he U.S. government wants to The U.S.-Ecuadorean "tuna war" had eased of the seas' policy." avoid any recognition of Ecuador's claimed in the last couple of years, partly because On March 16 the international "law of the sovereignty that would encourage more na­ the tuna. weren't visiting the disputed area sea" conference w111 reconvene in Switzer­ tions to make similar unilateral claims. Es­ in large numbers. However, this year the land, with the United States hoping it can peciaJly, with the international "law of the tuna are back and so are the tuna boats. make progress there on the Ecuadorean dis­ sea" conference about to resume in Geneva. In the meantime, last year Ecuador passed pute and other disagreements. The U.S.-Ecuadorean "tuna war" has yet a much tougher law that not only provided Up.der U.S. law, military aid to Ecuador ro result in any fatalities. However, between for confiscation of seized boats' catches, but automatically was to be cut off when the 1955 and 1975 it cost the U.S. government also set much higher license fees and :fines and banned any foreign :fishing within 40 American tuna boats were seized. The United $5.6 million in funds reimbursed to American States also sends about $2 million in eco­ tuna boatmen for fines and other losses they miles of the Ecuadorean coast or by vessels of more than 600 tons, which include about nomic aid to Ecuador annually, but the have suffered when their boats have been State Department is not anxious to halt that. seizet.. by the Ecuadoreans. 14 ships ln the American tuna fleet. The two species of tuna found in the in retaliation for the se!zures. By law the U.S. government will have to All parties seem anxious to have the Nep­ pay several mlllion dollars more in reim­ disputed area are the skipjack, which aver­ ages about 15 pounds, and the more coveted tune on its way out of Salinas, but aS' of bursements as the result of the seizure this Friday the boat stlll had 150 tons of tuna winter of seven American tuna boats under a yellow:fin, which averages about 50 pounds. The tuna travel in schools often a couple aboard that the Ecuadoreans insist is theirs. much tougher Ecuadorean law that provides Felando said the Tunaboat Association has tor confiscation of a.. vessers entire catch. of city blocks long, migrating in the eastern Pacific annually back and forth across the sent. $65,000 to Ecuador to pay for the cargo $1.7 MILLION FINES equator so as to stay :In warm water. so the boat could leave. The seven American tuna boats were seized The American Tropical Tuna Commission, Meanwhile, the State Department has beel'l be~ween Jan. 25 and Feb. 1 while :fishing to which the United States and seven other holding discussions with the Ecuadorean from 75 to 150 miles off the Ecuadorean nationS'-but not Ecuador-belong, regulates. government "to explore the possibilities for coast. the yellow:fin season each year to be certain a negotiated solution." The seven boats had to pay fines totaling the species is not depleted. $1.'l mllllon-from $71,440- to $529,800 a ship. The yelle>wfin season starts Jan. 1, and Their tuna catches were confiscated and the this year, boats must be. back by March 12 to boats were held for at least 27 days. However, be entitled under the commission's rules to THE EMERGENCY UNEMPLOYMENT by last week, :five of the seven American make a.. second 30- to 60-day yellow:fin fish­ COMPENSATION ACT OF 1974 boats and a Panamanian boat also seized had ing trip. After that, they may take no more been allowed to leave. than 15 per cent yellowfin in their catch of Two American boats were still being held, skipjack, usually hauled aboard after being the Jacqueline A at the Ecuadorean port of ca-ught in 3,000-foot nets. HON. CHARLES A. VANIK Manta, and the Neptune- at the port of Large boats-the Neptune is a 180-foot OF OHIO Salinas. Relations between the captive crew­ converted minelayer-costing $3 milllon to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES men and their Ecuadorean guards were be­ $5 million and with crews averaging 20 men coming increasingly tense. are used to catch the tuna. Monday. March tO, 197 5 The arrest Thursday of 18 Neptune crew­ WORK HARD, LONELY Mr. VANlK. Mr. Speaker. I. have re­ men, including seven American citizens, The crews are paid in shares of the total cently learned that the Emergency Un­ after a wild fracas, occurred after Ecua­ catch's sale price. Robert C. Wilson, a Com­ employment Compensation Act, enacted dorean guards were forced off the boat and merce Department fisheries expert, said that December 31F 1974, is not providing all then re-boarded it in much larger numbers in a good year tuna boat captains make more with automatic weapons a..nd bayonets. There the assistance that Congress intended it than $50,000 and average crewmen earn $25,- to. Due to a technicality in the language are conftlcting accounts. of how the fight 000. But the work is hard, cop.tinuous and started. with each side blaming the other. lonely. of the law, tens. of thousands of unem­ I-ro one waS' seriously injured. The American tun fleet has vigorously lob­ ployed people a:re not receiving benefits The crewmen were released, but on Friday b~ for what it sees as tts fishing rights. The that they should otherwise be qualified three were rearrested. August Fela..ndo, gen­ tuna industry has been a..n influential group. for. eral manager of the American Tuna.boat The American tuna industry succeeded hl Briefiy, many people lost their jobs in Association, said yesterday that two were 1967 in having, a revised Fishermen's Protec.- the beginning: of the energy crisis in the CXXI--377-Part 5 5964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK$· March 10, 1975 fall of 1973. Their 52-week benefit years· in import to b.e hurried through as an ill· carriers, both in transit and in the expired in late 1974, when only 11 States oombined package. terminals. The depletion allowance, in particular, de· were providing extra bene~ts under the Many of these animals were seriously serves fuller consideration than it got. injured, and even death has resulted in Federal-State Extended Unemployment People who know nothing about the oil in­ Compensation Act of 1970. Consequently, dustry have been attacking it for years, a number of instances. I know that many these people who had not been able to believing that it provides a tax break for of my colleagues in the House and Sen­ find enough work to satisfy State regu­ enormously rich and profitable big oil com­ ate have been equally moved by similar lations, were not eligible for extended panies. It does, to an extent. circumstances described in correspond­ benefits when the rest of the States went But its greatest importance is to the small ence from their own constituents. I am on the Federal-State plan in early 1975. independent oil producers, the fellow who is gratified that nearly two dozen of my Their benefit years had expired too soon. responsible for 80 per cent of all domestic· colleagues have already agreed to co­ As a result, they also could not receive oil discoveries. Without this allowance the sponsor H.R. 1152, and I know that other independent often doesn't have the money to bills have been proposed as well. additional benefits under the Emergency proceed with exploration. Unemployment Compensation Act of Certainly at a time when the discovery Let me outline briefly some of the 1974. of new oil reserves is more important than basic deficiencies which led me to intro­ These people have now been out of it ever has been, it is short-sighted indeed duced H.R. 1152. Underlying the entire work for over a year and have not re­ to penalize the very people who make those problem of animal mistreatment in air ceived any assistance in several months. discoveries most frequently. transportation is the fact that animals Even as we stand here they are selling The major oil companies are something are considered cargo. The airlines proc­ their homes to buy food for their fam­ else again, but it would be unfair to treat ess animals as general freight, and this ilies. them differently in their quest for domestic has caused animals to suffer as a result Mr. Speaker, the 1974 act was passed oil. To grant a depletion allowance on foreign of being shipped in flimsy containers, oil makes less sense, for they enjoy tax breaks left to endure long waits in drafty termi· as an emergency measure. The people I aplenty for their foreign ventures without have identified just now are, indeed, in the depletion allowance. nals which contain no specific facilities an emergency situation, caught in a tech­ Nor is the oil industry the only one to for animals, and improperly stowed in nical gap. I am currently preparing leg­ enjoy the benefits of the depletion allowance. airplane cargo compartments. Studies islation that will close that gap and give It applies, as well, in the mining of certain have indicated that animals must con­ the relief that was intended under the kinds of metals and minerals, and in the high tend with great fluctuations in tempera­ spirit of the 1974 Emergency Act. plains of Texas there is a depletion allow­ ture during long flights. Stowed in air­ ance to farmers for the water they use in plane cargo compartments, animals can irrigation. be subjected to temperatures ranging So it's not as open and shut as the House from nearly freezing to 90° Fahrenheit seems to think it is. And it is unforgivable AN ilL-CONSIDERED MOV~ to pass such a blll hastily and appended to or more. In addition, these cargo com­ another measure the President very much partments do not permit an adequate air wants to see passed. flow, and consequently the animals suf­ HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER fer from the limited air circulation. OP KANSAS Another problem is that airlines do IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not provide shipping priority for animals. ANIMAL WELFARE As a result, animals are rarely booked Monday, March 10, 1975 on direct :flights and thus must often sit Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, during for excessive periods of time in over­ last week's debate of the so-called emer­ HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST heated or chilly terminals awaiting a gency tax cut legislation I strongly ex­ OF VIRGINIA flight, many times in containers which pressed my opposition to the elimination IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are too small, and without adequate food, of the depletion allowance for the inde­ water, or exercise. pendent oil producer, and to the inclu­ Monday, March 10, 1975 Perhaps the most serious shortcom­ sion of that matter in the tax reduction Mr. WHITEHURST. · Mr. Speaker, ing of the existing system, and a major bill. among the most important laws emanat­ cause of death and injury to the animals, While I voted for the Wilson of Texas ing from the House Agriculture Commit­ is the lack of· any government regula­ amendment to continue the depletion al­ tee in the past decade have been the tion covering the type of container used lowance for those who have production Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966 for animal shipments. Many animals are of 3,000 barrels a day or less of crude and the Animal Welfare Act of 1970. The now shipped in containers which are oil, and against the Green amendment to 1966 law empowered the Secretary of easily crushed and splintered and which eliminate depletion, I was in the minor­ Agriculture to establish standards for provide little ventilation or room to ity in both cases. the humane care and housing of ani~ maneuver. Indeed, r.nimals are often It is obvious that the depletion issue mals used in research while in scientific crowded into far too small a space even had no place during the debate of an institutions, on the premises of animal to be able to lie down or turn around. emergency tax cut aimed at alleviating dealers, or in transit. The 1970 act, of Presently most commercial animals are unemployment and helping revive a sick which I am proud to have been a spon~ shipped in what is essentially a modified economy. Further, if we are to achieve sor, expanded the coverage of the law to lettuce crate known ·as the "Bruce" the objective of reducing our dependence include nonlaboratory animals trans­ crate. Most veterinarians and others con­ on foreign oil in this country, the inde­ ported, bought, sold, or exhibited for cerned with animal welfare believe that pendent producer needs incentives if he teaching purposes, for use as pets, or this crate does not meet reasonable con­ is going to stay in business and step up for exhibition in zoos, circuses, or car~ tainer standards. his exploration activities. nivals. Unfortunately, this legislation In many cases, the animals shipped The Wichita, Kans., Eagle published specifically exempted common carriers are too young to travel well, and a large an excellent editorial on Tuesday, March from regulation, and the purpose of percentage die in transit. Further, some 4, on this matter which I want to bring H.R. 1152 is to close this loophole, as are not fully healthy when they are to the attention of my colleagues in the well as another which I shall mention shipped, and latent or existing conditions House. Under leave to extend my remarks later. are exacerbated. in the RECORD, I include the Eagle edi­ Let me deal first with the matter of Finally, when the animals reach the torial: common carriers and their terminals. My terminal to which they have been AN ILL-CONSIDERED MoVE concern over the treatment of animals shipped, there is often a long wait before In another of those parliamentary maneu· in transit, particularly by the airlines, the consignee is notified of their arrival. vers which give legislative bodies a bad name, was prompted by scores of letters from In an effort to reform these practices, the u.s. House of Re?resentatives has tacked a rider that would kill the oil depletion onto my constituents, and other citizens several different legislative approaches the $21.3 billion economic emergency tax cut throughout the country, who have have been proposed. A major point of bill and passed the whole thing. written to me describing the abuses contention among those who favor re­ The two que&tions have ab&olutely nothing which their pets have suffered at the medial legislation is the question of to do with one another. Both are too serious hands of the airlines and other common which Federal agency should take the March 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5965 lead in regulating the transportation of standing humanitarian tradition dating day school that served for 31 years as the back to the prohibition against cruelty center of the new community. .animals. The Department of Transporta­ The Cedar Rapids Republican of July 29-, tion, the Civil Aeronautics Board, the to animals enacted by the Massachusetts 1875, noted the opening of St. Joseph's: "This Federal Aviation Administration, and the Bay Colony in 1641, we can not allow the institution soon to open in our midst," the Department of Agriculture all have their current inhumane treatment of our ani­ reporter wrote, "Promises to be an institu­ supporters. In my judgment, there is a mals in transit to continue any longer. tion of great value to our city ... The need for coordination of effort among Let me respectfully urge my colleagues course of study will embrace a full academic all of these agencies, as each has a special to give prompt and favorable considera­ course, with music and needle work. The kind of expertise which can be brought tion to remedial legislation such as H.Rr l:milding is pleasantly located, in one of the 1152. most popular quarters of the city and every to bear to contribute to the solution of care will be taken to render the institution this problem. one of value." However, ·I strongly believe that the A boarding school for girls and a parochial Dc:partment of Agriculture should have day schoor for boys and girls, St. Joseph's the primary regulatory responsibility. SISTERS OF MERCY flourished in those early years. The USDA already has the administra­ • THE MOTHERHOUSE tive machinery in place for carrying out In 1881, the diocese ci Davenport was a program of regulating the common· HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN created from an area formerly part of the carriers and their terminals and insuring OF IOWA diocese of Dubuque, and the C;;dar Rapids animal welfare. This regulatory program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES house found itself separated by diocesan would simply be added to Agriculture's boundaries from its. Davenport motherhouse. existing authority and responsibilities Monday, March 10, 1975 Consequently, the- religious community at under the Laboratory Animal Act of 1966 Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, the Sisters St. Joseph's became an independent con­ gregation, a motherhouse ltsel!. In 1883, and the Animal Welfare Act of 1970. of Mercy of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, are well Sister Mary Agatha Mullany was appointed It makes little sense for USDA to regu­ known to the people of my district be­ first mother superior, and Sister Mary Ger­ late the treatment of animals up to the. cause of their long yea1·s of dedication trude- McCullough, assistant superior. door of the terminal and then turn the and service, particularly t ·. the educa­ From Cedar Rapids. the Sisters first estab­ responsibility over to another agency tional apostolate. The Sisters are cele­ lished a missio:n in Decorah in 1885 and then once the animals are inside the terminal. brating their centennial this year, and it other missions in Iowa, Montana, and Min­ Further, all modes of t~ansportation, not seems to me only fitting that we should neapolis, caring- for the poor, the sick, and airlines alone, are involved. If dual juris­ the uneducated. call this fact to your attention. I offer the In 1906, crowded conditions at St. Joseph's diction is mandated by the Congress, I following article, from the January, 1975, led the Sisters to move to larger accommoda­ am convinced that the result would be a issue of Advance, which I found to be a tions, and no doubt they tumed to the want duplication of effort and bureaucratic in­ very impressive review of the Congrega­ ads in the- Republican. They rejected the fighting among the agencies involved. An tion's history: property that is today the Howard Hall additional reason for placing the regu­ A SHARED VISION: THE SISTERS OF MERCY AND estate, because the price tag-$65,000-was latory authority within the Agriculture MOUNT MERCY CoLLEGE far beyo:r>.d their means. Instead, they decided Department is that, in my judgment, the (By Sister Mary Augustine Roth) to lease--and ultimately ito buy~the ten USDA would be influenced a lesser acres of Mound Farm upon which Judge to To the fewer than 10,000 citizens of Cedar George Greene, one of the city Fathers, had degree by the airlines or other common Rapids-, July 22,. 1875, was just another Thurs­ built what was- considered one of the most­ carriers than would such agencies as day, clear, windy, the temperature in the beautiful mansions in--or rather, outside DOT, the_CAB, or the FAA. The primary 80's. But to Sister Mary Isidore O'Connor, of-town. aim of the Department. of Agriculture Sister Mary Gertrude McCullough, and Sister A salesman for the Mound Farm Realty would be the protection of the animals,. Mary Boniface Daly, tt was the first day for Company used as a part. of his sales pitch a new school and convent; and to the Sisters the statement that from the top of the house welfare, which is, of course, the purpose of Mercy of Cedar Rapids, tt was the founda­ of this legislation. one could see- eight counties and the spires­ tion day of their Congregation. of Cornell College. Even the prospect of see­ Let me now turn briefly to another The road that led to Cedar Rapids had its ing Cornell was not persuasive- enough for aspect of H.R. 1152 which, although it source in Dublin, Ireland, forty-four years Coe College officials, who also were consider­ has received less publicity, I believe 1s earlier, when. in 1831, Catherine Mc-Auley ing buying the land but wanted something worthy of consideration. The Animal gathered together a group of women who not quite so far out in the- country. Welfare Act of 1970 specifically ex­ wished to dedicate their llves to helping the­ According to the Republican of March 13, empted retail pet shops from regulation. Irish poor. At the time, religious women were 1906, "The mound on which the mansion primarily contemplatives, but Catherine stands is the highest found in the city and While I feel that "hobby breeders" committed herself and her followers to a life should receive specific exemption, many . will be an ideally healthful and sanitary site combining prayer and-activity,. directing their for a seminary . . . It is just far enough re­ abuses take place in the pet shop chains attention toward the care of the poor, the moved from the city to be secluded and rest­ or "puppy mills," which I believe we have sick, and the uneducated. Subsequently, ful and yet near enough to share- all the a responsibility to try to correct. Thus I every Congregation of Mercy has had the city's advantages ... The Sisters of Mercy would strongly recommend that the 1970 same goal, and through teaching, nursing, have been doing splendid work in this city Act be amended by deleting the exclu­ and social work has tried to promote the and the acquirement of this building will glory of God and the salvation of souls. give them a fine opportunity to enlarge the sion of retail pet stores and exempting Catherine McAuley spent her life doing only the "hobby breeders." scope of their good work." the works of Mercy and establishing the In­ When the Sisters leased the house, it had Many of my colleagues, I know, are stitute throughout the English-speaking been in disuse for a number of years, except familiar with the heart-rending descrip­ world. One of her companions, Sister Frances for the ballroom, which had been used for tions of the maltreatment of animals Warde, brought the Mercys to the United storing grain. Nevertheless, with courage and States, when, in 1843, she founded a convent similar to those I have heard. The lack perseverance~ they renovated the building in Pittsburgh. Three years later, the Sisters and opened Sacred Heart Academy, a girls' of temperature control and inadequate went to Chicago, from there to DeWitt air supply in baggage compartments; the boarding school, in September, 1906. St. Jo­ (1867), Davenport {1869), and Independence seph's meanwhile, continued as a coeduca­ use of inadequate, defective, or too-small (1869). tional day school for Immaculate Conception crates in shipping the animals; the ship­ In 1875, Father Clement Lowery, pastor of parish. ment of animals too young or too sick Immaculate Conception Church, asked Sis­ Further acquisitions of land from 1913 to to travel successfully; long waits in ter­ ter Mary Baptist Martin, superior of the 1921 gave the Sisters possession of '11 acres, minals, in some cases even without food, Davenport motherhouse, to send Sisters to 20 of which they sold in 1956 to Regis high water, or exercise; and the general treat­ open a school in Cedar Rapids. At her direc­ school.. Today on the remalnlng property, at tion, Sister Mary Isidore, Sister Mary Ger­ the highest point in Linn county, stand ment of animals as if they were ordinary, trude, and Sister Mary Boniface came from inanimate cargo all contribute to the Mount Mercy College and Sacred Heut Con­ Independence, then a branch house of Dav­ vent, two independent institutions at the inhumane conditions to which our pets enport, to a still unfinished brick building center of the Cedar Rapids Congregation. are subjected by the airlines or other at Third Avenue and Seventh Street, SE, the Before Mount Mercy came Into existence, common carriers. Many of these prob­ present site of the Telephone Company office. however, there was further expansion. The lems exist in or are caused by the pet Two weeks later, five other Sisters :from enrollments at Sacred Heart Academy In­ dealers. Davenport joined them, and together they creased in the first three years to the point In a country such as ours, with an out-- began St. Joseph's Academy, a boarding and where, In 1909, a north wing was added to 596ff March io, 19'7'5 the old mansion. By 1923·, large!• enro)ltriEmts When the new Sacred 'Heart · doh vent was ­ The Cedar Rapi~s Sisters of -Mercy, in 1929 . made another building necessary, -and the· built in 1964 across ·the ··d.rrve" from ·the old and twice subsequently, chose not to belong Sisters decided to keep the elementary..;grade motherhouse, the Greene·mari.sion Was razed,· to the Sisters of Mercy of the Union, an students at Sacred Heart and to construct a and in its place Regina ·Hall. was erected. amalgamation of -Mercy Congregations under new academy for the older girls, the build­ From this highest point in .Linn County, one a central gov~~nment. Instead, they have ing known today as Warde Hall. can still see what the Ced~r Rapids Gazette their seat of government at Sacred Heart MOUNT MERCY OF THE PINES in 1898 callej "a birdsey~ view o! the c,i.ty Convent. Originally intended to be called Mo1,1nt that will last in the memory forever." Present major supe:dor of the 220 mem­ Mercy of the Pines, the institution was In 1974, the Federal govern~ent approv~d bers is Sister Mary Cephas Wichman; other' opened in September 1924 as Mount Mercy a $1,136,827 construction grant for a nurs­ superiors have ·been Sister Mary Agatha Academy, a boarding and day school for high ing education facility at the college. Mullany, 1883-95; Sister Mary Patricia. school girls. The academy was discontinued RELATION TO TI:E CIVIC COMMUNITY Smith, 1895-98; Sister Mary Agatha Mullany, 1898-1904; Sister Mary Gertrude McCull­ in 1958 when Regis Central High opened. That Mount Mercy has always b ~ en aware The "First Annual Catalogue of Mount of its relationship to the religious Congrega­ ough, 1904-10; Sister Mary Teresa Salmon, Mercy Academy" described the pew build­ tion and to the civic community is evident 1910-13; S·lster M~ry Gertrude McCullough, ing thus: "On the first floor, are the music in its offerings and its people. A commercial 1913-19; Sister Mary Josephine Donefan, rooms, a large auditorium, a well-equipped program (1926-46); the institution of even­ ~919-22; Sister Mary Cephas Holland, 1922- gymnasium and shower baths. On the second ing classes (1950); a CCD (Confraternity of 27; Sister Mary Ildephonse Holland, 1927-33;' floor, are the offices, reception rooms and par­ Christian Doctrine) program 'to provide doc­ Sister Mary Corneilia Burke, 1933-39; Sister lors, Seniors' recreation hall and Chapel. The trinal, administrative, - and catechetical Mary Maura Marron, 1939-53; Sister Mary assembly hall and classrooms occupy the foundations for religious education; the In­ Lawrence Hallagan, 1953-65; Sister Mary· third; on the fourth are found private rooms, dia-Comes-to-Mercy projects, by which the Eleanor Cashman, 1985-71; and Sister MarY. dormitories and baths; while the fifth floor is Sisters assumed the total cost of educating a Cephas Wichman, 1971-. . fitted out for bowling alley and various other number of Indian Sisters; the teacher edu­ During their one hundred years !J.n Cedar indoor sports." cation, social work, nursing, and business Rapids, the Sisters have, through their vows, Today the auditorium stage is a store­ majors-all have been ways in which the tried to follow Christ, responding to the room, the gymnasium and assembly hall are college has related its tradit.lon of caring needs of the poor, the sick, and the unedu­ college classrooms, the potential bowling al­ for others to the issues of the times. cated in the spirit of Catherine McAuley, ley is faculty offices, and the "indoor sports" For many years, the people of Cedar Rap­ whose legacy to the world ·was ·Mercy. · · are making beds and practicing giving in­ ids have often considered Mount Mercy Col­ jections in the nurslng lab! lege and the Congregation of the Sisters of In September 1928, the Sisters took a Mercy as one entity. Legally, however, they further step in education, instituting Mount are two corporations, but by heritage they INTRODUCTION OF GUAM SUPREME Mercy Junior College, and in 1930, the first are tightly bound together. Founded in the COURT LEGISLATION class was graduated. On the original faculty spirit of Catherine McAuley's desire to edu­ of the new college were seven Sisters, a cate, operated and staffed by the Sisters, priest, and four lay teachers; Sister Mary whose contributed services are its endow­ HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT Ildephonse Holland was president, Sister ment, the college is a vital chapter in the OF GUAM Mary Xavier Reilly, dean and registrar. history of the Sisters of Mercy. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The college offered business and teacher MISSIONS . education programs with a liberal arts foun­ Other pages in that history would tell of Monday, March 10, 1975 dation. In 1931, Mount Mercy Junior College the approximately thirty el~mentary and was approved by the State Department of Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, I have high schools staffed by the Sisters, the four introduced l:;gislation calling upon the Public Instruction, and in 1932 by the North hospitals and the three schools of nursing Central Accrediting Association. they have established and conducted. Congress to amend the Guam Organic In 1957, the Board of Trustees, composed Since their first days in Cedar Rapids, the Act so as to provide for the reorganiza~ of Sisters of Mercy, chose twelve business Sisters have done various kinds of social tion of the judicial system of Guam and and professional men and women to serve work, visiting the sick and aged in their to provide that final judgments of these on an advisory board for the college. In 1962, homes and in nursing homes; operating a newly created Guam courts may be re~ the college was legally incorporated as an home for working girls and another for un­ viewed by the Supreme Court of the entity separate from the corppratio.n of the wed mothers; caring for the mentally re­ Sisters of Mercy, and in 1968, the Board of United States. · · tarded at summer camps, in catechetical I have asked Congress to take this Trustees transferred its legal power to a classes, and at our Lady of Mercy Novitiate; ac­ board consisting of three Sisters of Mercy becoming involved in parish ministry; and in tion at the behest of the government of and nineteen lay men and women, several ·of many other apostolic ways following in this Guam and the 12th Guam Legislature; whom had served on the advisory board. age the example of mercy set by Catherine who, in Resolution 301, sp~ci:fically re­ The first chairman of the new Board of McAuley a century and a half ago. quested that I sponsor such legislation. Trustees was John J. Locher, Jr., who was A NEW UOME In accordance with their wishes, with succeeded at death by Thomas Donovan, which I am in complete agreement, I present chairman. In the late 1950s and early '60s, while the As early as 1947 the Sisters had discussed Sisters continued to care for the poor, the therefore urge that my colleagues in the the possibility of changing the junior col­ sick, and the uneducated, the Congregation Congress provide this measure their ut­ lege to a four-year institution, and in 1957 was looking at the desperate condition of its most consideration. the third collegiate year was inaugurated. own home. The old Greene mansion, com­ It is our intention to have Congress In 1959 Mount Mercy had granted its first pleted in 1868, had served as a home first agree to legislation which will add new baccalaureate degrees, and one year later, for one of the city's leading families and then language to the Guam Organic Act to it earned North Central accreditation. for the Sisters of Mercy; but 100 years old, authorize the establishment of a Guam Enrollment grew with the addition of new it was in bad condition. Supreme Court. The legislation would majors (including nursing in 1969), the Estimates showed that to renovate the change to coeducation in 1969, and the ar­ building would have cost as much as to additionally have the right to set salaries rangement for smooth transferring from ju­ erect a new one, and the officers of the Con­ for court officials and to designate ap­ nior and community colleges. From 1969 to gregation opted for construction. The city pellate jurisdiction. The legislation I 1974, the enrollment increased 63 percent to itself was not interested in preserving the have introduced would set the number a student body of 825 in 1974. Greene man&l.on for historical purposes, but of judges for the court and, as I men­ many of the townspeople felt a sorrow at the tioned earlier, provide for appellate re­ PHYSICAL FEATURES CHANGE demise of a house so intimately connected Meanwhile, the physical features of the with the founding and life of their city. view by the U.S. Supreme Court of deci­ campus changed. Mr. William Lightner con­ One local organization rejoiced, however, sions rendered by the Supreme Court of structed a grotto to the south of the academy that the old house was to be destroyed. The Guam. in the 1930's, much of its beauty destroyed fire chief, aware of its hazardous conditions Under the present language contained by vandals, a major section of the grotto and fearful for the lives of its residents, sent in the Guam Organic Act, the territorial was removed in 1974. Earlier plans for expan­ a letter of congratulations to the Sisters up­ legislature does provide that- sion had been to add wings at the north and on hearing of their sensible decision to leave The judicial authority of Guam shall be south ends of the academy building. Instead, the mansion. . vested in the Federal District Court of Guam in 1956, 50 years after the Sisters had come In 1964, under the leadership·of Sister· Ma:ry and in such court or courts as may have to Mound Farm, the college built McAuley Lawrence Hanagan, then Mother General of been or may hereafter be established b:y Hall, a residence and classroom building con­ the Congregation, the new convent,-Sacred the laws of Guam_ The District Court shall nected by a tunnel to the academy (Warde Heart Convent, was completed ·across the have the jurisdiction of a district court of Ha.Il) and Sacred Heart Convent. The col­ drive from the old, to house active and re­ the United States-(and)-jurisdlction over lege added a student center.in 1961 and the tired Sisters, Queen of Angels· infirmary, and which has not been transferred by the legis­ Catherine McAuley Library in 1962. Our Lady of Mercy novitiate. lature to other courts established by it, and i ' ·March 10, 1975 •I ·: EXT£NSIONS OF REMARKS· . I ! I . . 5967 shall have such appellate jurisdiction as half a judicial system. Public Law 12-85 selfishly performed this needed service . the legis~ature may determine. (48 USC 1424 was not struck down in its entirety; only out of his own funds. (a)). that portion which establishes a supreme A member of the redevelopment and In the belief 'that the language authOl'• court. As Chief Justice designate recently planning commission of the city of Gar­ ized by Congress was sufficiently clear, stated in a letter to me: dena, he has evidenced concern with city the 12th Guam Legislature on December It seems that the territory of Guam has facilities, and the betterment of the resi­ 12, 1973, passed bill No. 177 which called reached that stage of sophistication and dential areas and the business commu­ for the creation of a supreme court and maturity whereby 1t can handle its own nity. affairs in the same manner as the Common- His deep concern for his fellow senior superior court for the island. The then wealth of Puerto Rico (who has a Supreme •t• · d ' his Governor signed the measure into law Court), 1f .not better. I trust that you realize Cl lZens lS lSP 1ayed by · founding of and it is now known as Public Law 12-85. the urgency of a final resolution of the the senior citizens council program, On November 6, 1974, the incumbent dilemma. that our judiciary is now in. Con- which coordinates representatives from judge of the Guam District Court is­ sequently, I need not advise you that time senior citizen clubs. These people actively sued a decision in the case of Agana Bay is of the essence in the interests of justice deal with the senior citizen problems of Development Co. against the Supreme to those parties whose cases have been ap- housing, purchase discounts, meals, trips, Court of Guam in which the judge held pealed and are now pending. and all matters facing them. He is cur- that all sections of Public Law 12-85 . I fully concur with the comments and 1·ently serving as vice president of this "pertaining to the Supreine Court of ask my colleagues ip the Congress to active and important group. Guam or the chief justice or associate give this vital issue their prompt Cli1f Holliday, now 77, is retired from justices of the supreme court, or which consideration. the business of building contracting, and divest in any way the ·appellate juris­ has been an outstanding member of the diction of this court-are null and void." city of Gardena for many years. He is Although his decision may be subject blessed with a daughter Grace Bean, to later revision by the ninth district CLIFF HOLLIDAY: OUTSTANDING and two grandchildren. courts system, the decision by Judge SENIOR CITIZEN · I join with my colleagues in the U.S. Duenas has effectively blocked a laudable House of Representatives today in salut­ effort by the 12th Guam LegislatUre to ing this fine person, and say thanks to create for island t·esidents a local court HON. CHARLES H. WILSON God that Cliff Holliday has been part of system capable of handling the island's oF cALIFORNIA so many people's lives. He has enriched growing requirements and one which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so many. Let him now be so honored. would be of equal stature with other Monday, March 10, 1975 branches of our Territorial government. . Without presuming to challenge in any . Mr. CHARLES I!· ~ILSON of Califor- way the decision made by the district . ~ua. Mr. Speaker, lt IS my honor to no~ COOPERATION AND LEADERSHIP COU11i, I and the members of the 12th 111 t~?-e CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that Cliff Guam Legislature, together with other Ho~lda~ ~as b?en na~ed the outstanding island officials believe that there is a real semor c1t1zen m the Clty of Gardena for HON. DAVID C. TREEN need for Congress to clarify existing Ian- the Y~ar 1975. . guage in the Guam Organic Act to pro- It 1s a most. appropr1ate honor ~~r a OF LOUISIANA vide an island cow·t system consistent truly ou~~an~111g gentleman an~ CltlZe.n IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with ow· needs and consistent with the of tJ:le fa1r CitY. of Gardena: HIS publlc Monday, March 10, t'975 intentions of Public Law 12-85. ser'Ylce and se~1ce ~o hu~~ty has been . Ml.·. TREEN. Mr. Speaker, a 16-year­ Until such time as congress acts to l~glon.throughout h1s entire llfe. clarify the ability of the Guam Legisla- . Durmg the First World War he. served old constituent of mine, Peter R. LaSalle ture to establish a Guam Supreme court, In the Canadian Army with distmction. of Catholic High in New Iberia, La., won our local court system on the island is In 1972 he was made an honorary the Voice of Democracy contest of the hanging on the edge of judicial chaos. . of commerce .ambassador for Loui.siana Department of the Veterans of cha~ber ·Foreign Wars by urging 'his fellow stu- Island attorneys now have no clear idea the Cl~Y of Gardena. . . . of where to seek appellate redress. Judges He IS currently servmg 111 h1s second dents to exercise the characteristics of · do not know how to resolve the situation term as president of the 77th Street Area cooperation and leadership as respon­ sible citizens. Because my service in the and the Guam Legislature :finds its hands Police Counci~, which h~ an ?Utstanding Congress has made me inc1·easingly tied until congress re.sponds with legis- record of ach1evement ~n the1r efforts to Jative redress. control the spread of crrme. cognizant of the need for responsible Accordingly, we must again twn to He is a me';lber of Angeles leaders to exhibit these characteristics, !As ~ayor I am entering Peter Lasalle's remarks in Congress for assistance. Despite the best Tom B~dley s coll;lm1tte~ on hous111g, a intentions of the congress when it au- ~act wh1ch e~emplified h1s deep ~terest the RECORD at this point: thorized the Guam Organic Act in- m good hous111g for the underprivlleged. MY RESPONSmU..ITY AS A CITIZEN stances of vagaries have continu~usly His le~g~y communication wi~h his (By Peter R. LaSalle) cropped up to create situations such as co~umty IS shown by h~s active 111ter­ Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and that which now exists. In his decision, est 111 the Gardena Evemng Toastmas- me. What do we have in common? They were · individuals who worked as hard as they knew the district court judge based his findings ters Club. . . how to support their beliefs and improve the on the belief that since Congress did not In an act10n totally. ~selfish ~e has world in which they lived. I too, am an in­ specifically create or authorize the es- d??~ted a complete bU1ld111g and 1ts fa­ dividual who believes in working to make tablishment of a Guam Supreme Court, c1llt1es at 851 West Gardena Boulevard the world a. better place to live and who initial appellate rights must lie with the to. the Los ~geles County summer ¥O~th strives to live according to my beliefs. This Federal District Court of Guam Many program, which has done so much 111 JOb common characteristic binds me to Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and all other including myself who was one· 0 f th ' de':elop~e:t?-t for the y~uth of the area. • . . e This bmlding has agam been donated responsible citizens of the United States of autho.rs of ~he. Orgamc Act, belle.ve that and is now being used as an activity cen- America.. Congress d1d mte~d for t~e }egislature ter for senior citizen programs. It is there I~ the desire to improve the world and re­ to have full power m establishmg a com- the elderly can come with their problems tain my integrity is to flourish, if it is going to mean real progress, it cannot listen to the p~ete court system. Hopefully, Congress and meet to find the solutions which are pessimistic voices of those people who feel Will agree and enact my bill into law. so vitally needed for their welfare. that being just one is to be lost and ineffec­ Congressional concw·rence of this meas- He is to be commended for having seen tual. Rather, as Edward Everett Hale said, ure I have introduced today will also the need for a clearinghouse of the is­ "Because I cannot do everything, I will not clarify the right of litigants in island sues facing the area, and out of this rose refuse to do that which I can dol" I'm just courts to seek appeal to the U.S. Supreme l}.is "Everybody's Opinion Poll,'' which one, a. single individual, but my efforts are no less worthwhile because they are mine, or be­ Court, as the States and Puerto Rico now regularly surveys the public on issues of cause they are individual. This is the impor­ do when decisions by their highest local the day and sends the results to local tant characteristic of individual effort which courts are appealed. officials and those who can do something cannot be lost 1t the world is to be made bet- · As it now stands, Guam is left with to solve the problems. He again has un- ter. Two kinds of actions which can improve .! 5968 EXTENSIONS:OF. I. REMARKS March 10, ·1975·. the world are cooperation and leadership. choice of terminating its actlV.itieS. or. .finding The churches say they hav6 evidence .tha$ These actions are characteristic of a heaTty' another partner to assume Texaco's 45. :per, computers are ~sed. ))y the South African. individual. They are valuabl_,. whether per­ cent share of the elq>loration.l~a..<;;e. ~e third Government in the administration of repre{l-:­ formed by a whole society ·or by just one­ member of the consortium, wi~~ ~ ,10 . per sive measures, such as the passbook system, man. I can cooperate and I can lead, just as cent interest, is Swakor, owned by the Gov­ and the maintenance of the police an'd pris-on many others have done before me. As a citi­ ernment of Namibia, wh~ch grarited.·t~e lease. systems. zen, I can cooperate with the laws and duties Namibia is controlled by South Africa, and incumbent upon me. I can show <:oncern for the church groups object to So:uth A~ca"s my environment, whether it is by painting racial policies. · · · CONGRESSMAN ANNUNZIO SPON­ bridges, in a public park as a member of the "We have not reached a finai: decision. It's SORS VETERANS LEGISLATION Youth Ecology Society, or by simply pitching being appraised," said H. L. Severance, secre­ litter in a trash ean, rather than· on public tary of Standard Oll of California. Sin~e grounds. I cAn show concern for national Texaco has pulled out, .he sai.d, "of course it problems by observing guidelines on the con­ makes a dif!erence." · HON. FRANK A NUNZIO servation of energy. EARLIER TERMINATIONS. OF ILLINOIS ' After all, since the government requested IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . citizens to conserve energy, Americans have -The Continental Oil Company, .the Getty been saving over 2.8 million barrels of. fuel Oil Company and the Phillips · Petroleum Monday, March 10, 1975 Company participated in a similar lease. Con­ a day. This is a significant savings, but it was I not accomplished by a society acting as a oco withdrew last October. Getty and Phil­ Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, have whole. It was accomplished by particular lips notified the church groups earlier this introduced two bills which I feel are of citizens, each .acting as an individual. It was month that they were terminating their ex­ utmost importance to veterans and their· the cooperation of each of these individuals ploration activities. dependents. H.R. 191 would provide a that resulted in so successful a concerted All of the companies have performed geo­ I logical and geophysical studies, .which the service pension to World War veterans. effort. departing members have turned over to the H.R. 2123 wc·uld insure that recipients The successful cooper.ation of a societY of government. The Texaco-Socal consortium of veterans' pension or compensation not individuals requires leadership as wen as have the· amount of their VA benefit concern. Leadership means individuals act­ has drilled one exploration well. . .. ing on their own. All truly great men have The four companies that are leaving have reduced because of increases in monthly acted as individuals, they've had to act on let it be understood that they were not dis· social security checks. their own, as just one. Even I can accomplish couraged by their findings. At the same time, It is not necessary for me to discuss good by simply fulfilUng all my obligations. they generally deny that pr.essure. from the the current economic situation. We are· church groups was the reason, or at least.the Whether I organize my teenage friends into all painfully aware of the drastic effect· a club concerned with ecology, or negotiate sole reason for their decisions. that inflation has had on purchasing a truce between Arab and Israeli forces; I can Phillips said its ·decision to withdraw was "attributable to the lack of a .foreseeable power. I am certain that all of us· also exercise my leadership best by simply fulfill­ realize that the aged and disabled..:... ing all my obligations. This is what has resolution of the issues of sove.relgnty which gained Henry Kissinger such a widespread have been recently accentuated. It now ap­ people living on fixed incomes-are most reputation for leadership: he's done his job pears likely that substantial expenditures critically disadvantaged by inflation. · the very best he could. Of course, I'm not would have been required before those issues Fortunately, Congress has taken steps Secretary of State, President, or even Gover­ of sovereignty could be clarified sufficiently to protect the purchasing power of one nor. I'm just one, but I'm one who can lead for Phillips to proceed." large group of people who live on fixed at least a few people. Last December, the United Nations Secu­ incomes-the social security recipients! Oooperation and leadership. These two rity Council told the South African govern-. ment to begin withdrawing :from Namibia, a The law now provides for annual cost..: things can lead to a much better world if in­ of-living increases in social security dividuals wUl cooperate, 1f individuals will former German colony South Afl'lca has ad­ lead. Of course, I cannot sp.eak !or others and ministered since 1920. benefits. I cannot wait for otb:ers. I must cooperate: During the 1ast three years, the church Unfortunatley, this well..;intentione(J I must lead: lf lam going to keep faith with groups have consistently asked the oil com­ legislation has Qeen little mol';'e than a myself, lf I'm to li:ve -u,p to my responsibill ties panies and two mineral prospectors--the cruel hoax for many VA pensioners. Be­ as a citizen. Newmont Mining Corporation and Am'ax, Inc.-to leave the area, inasmuch as the In­ cause the amount of VA pension which a ternational Court of Justice bad ruled Jn disab1ed veteran receives is based on the 1971 that South Africa's occupation of the amount of his outside income, including territory was illegal. · social security benefits; an increase in ECONOMIC WITHDRAWAL FROM The church activ.ists filed proxy resolu­ social security causes a decrease in pen­ SOUTH AFRICA tions .at the annual meetings of the com­ sion benefits. panies urging withdrAwal from Namibia as During the 93d: Congress Public Law part 'Of a. larger campaign to persuade Amer­ my · HON. ARREN J. MI'FCHELL ican buslp.ess to stop 'doing business with 93-527 was enacted with · sup);>Ort .. OF li4AaYLAND South Africa. This law provided a,:1 average increase of 12 percent in VA pension benefits~ IN THE HOUSE OF ..REPBF.f)ENTATIVES Although the resolutions were always .de­ feated., they often mew more than 3 per cent Had this bill not been enacted, 75,00D...:. Mond-ay, M.arch 1.0# 19'15 of the vote, which meant that they could be 100,000 pensioners would ha:ve been ter~ Mr. MITCHELL .of 'Maryland . . Mr. resubmitted the following year. minated from the VA pension rolls ~n:d Speaker, I submit4 for the consideration The churches agreed to withdraw from 2.3 million pensioners would have ·1.oSt such a resolution from this year's meeting some benefits. But even with Public Law of my colleagues, an article from the after PhUUps announced its decision. The January 29, 1975, New York Times. It latest one would have been the third of its 93-527, effective January 1, 1975, 3,000 relates the decisions of four major Amer­ kind at Phillips. pensioners were dropped from the VA ican corporations, Texaco, Inc., Conti­ It was .submitted by five Protestant pension rolls and 300,000 pensioners nental Oil Co., Getty Oil Co., ~nd PhilliPs churches and a Roman Catholic order, the found their benefits reduced. Oil Co~, to terminate exploration activi­ Atonement Friars. Our veterans deserve more logical and ties in Namibia, a South-West Afr1can Ruddick Lawrence, vice president-corp~ equitable treatment. When Congress en.:. nation which the issue of sovereignty rate affairs for Conoco, said that the churches acts a social security increase, it is in.:. role had been "one of many factors" in its tended that all social security recipients is being disputed. I commend the -aTticle decision to withdraw. for your attention. Conoco has no operations left in South receive the full value of the increas~. U.S. OIL CONCERNS QUIT ~~CAN NATION Africa. Texaco and Socal, through Caltex, Instead, we are currently· living with a (B.Y Marylin Bender) · . have substanti&l marketing· and refining op­ situation in which needy disabled vet­ Four of the five American oll compa,nies erations there. erans who receive both social security tha.t have been under pressw·e from church Donald Wilson, chairman· of ·the · church benefits and veterans' pel).Sion benefits groups to leav.e Namibia J:South-WestAfr~ca) project, a coalition of 20 denominations, said do not receive the full value of the social have -served noti-ce that they are pulling out yesterday that the organization would con­ security increase. At the same time, the of 'their oifshore prospecting ventures in the tinue to press for American .business with­ more well-to-do social security recipi­ disputed tettltory. drawal from Sou'th Africa. ents-those not .in need· of other. income . A decision .by Texaco, .lne., to withdraw, A resolution has been filed with .. the In­ which was nude .known J..Ut . week to. tbe ternational Business .¥acllines , :C.o,IJ>oration maintenance programs-do receive the n deficits above the need to do whatever ville, Fla., 'St-ar. is necessary to put America back to work tion of 20-year-old Roman Kalanta in [From -the Jac"ksonvil1e !Fla.) Florida Star, and end the recession." 1972 and the 2 days of rioting that fol­ Feb. 22, 1975] They said the atimlnistration's tolerance lowed in Kaunas can only further attest BLACKS RAP .FoRD~ 1976 BUDGET of an average national unemployment rete ot to these peoples' abiding struggle and Blacks .have joined the band of w.idely· 8.1 percent in 1975 and '7.9 percent in 1976 sacrlftce in the name of freedom. dissimilar groups and -organizations regis· is ·~totally unacceptable,'' and called on con .. Mr. Speaker, perhaps to some the .tering sharp criticism :at President Ford's gress "to take those actions which are nec­ plight of these people seems hopeless­ .budge\ .for Fiscal Year 1976. essary to assure a job or an adequate income certainly there are those who would •'This admintstratlon has totally lost sight to every American in need . . . at decent wages and cond·itions." comment that these people are now en­ of the realities of human needs when it-pr:o· joying far greater freedoms than some poses to slash ~he ~ederaJ. share of spending few years ago. The past decade of inter· tor d

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ample, that Kissinger would have little American relationship. I find unchallenge­ ·Whereas the three Baltic nations of Es· ehance of success in bringing. about a Mid­ able Schlesinger's view of the Russian tonia., Latvia., and Lithuania have been llle• dle East peace if the .nations involved, in­ posture. He lists "what we can reasonably gaily occupied by the Soviet Union since cluding the Soviet Union, aid not perceive expect" as the following: World War II; and the U.S. as a power equal to Russia. ( 1) "A relaxation but not an eradication Whereas the Soviet Union will attempt to of tensions with the United States." (2) "A obtain the recognition by the European Se· In 1964, the United States had four move away from the risk of direct m ilitary curity Conference of its annexation of these times as many intercontinental missiles confront ation with the United States (as long nations; and as the Soviet Union. Ten years later, the as we maintain our military strength), but Whereas the United States delegation to Soviet Union had half as many again not at the sacrifice of any major interests the European Security Conference should as the United States. In 1964, the United as perceived by Moscow." (3) "A continued not agree to the recognition of the forcible States had more than three times as pursuit of and even an increase in the ideolo­ conquest of these nations by the Soviet many submarine launched ballistic mis­ gical struggle." (4) "The maintenance of a. Union: Now, therefore, be it siles as the Soviet Union. In 1974, the relative!~ closed society and a cloak of great Resolved by the House of Representatives secrecy around the decisions of her govern­ (the Senate concurring), That it is the sense Soviet Union had many more than the ment." (5) "A belief that the atmosphere of of the Congress that the United States dele­ United States. The current trend is detente has arrived because, as the Soviet gation to the European Security Conference clearly not in our favor. Any further cuts leadership might put it, the correlation of should not agree to the recognition by the in defense spending could prove disas­ forces has begun to shift in their favor." (6) European Security Conference of the Soviet trous, not only to us, but to the peace "The continued allocation of major resources Union's annexation of Estonia., Latvia., and of the world. to a strong and growing military posture, Lithuania. and it should remain the policy of I wish to share with my colleagues the and a singularly persistent effort to create a. the United States not to recognize 1n any balance of military power more favorable to way the annexation of the Baltic nations by article, "Secretary Schlesinger's Posture the USSR." the Soviet Union. Statement," by Chalmers Roberts, which Against that perception of the Soviet Un­ appeared in the Washington Post of ion Schlesinger argues, among other things, February 27, 1975, and insert it into the that the United States must have "a range RECORD at this time. and magnitude of capabilities such that SECRETARY SCHLESINGER'S "POSTURE everyone-friend, foe, and domestic audience DEFENSE SPENDING AND SECRE­ STATEMENT'' alike-will perceive that we are the equal of TARY SCHLESINGER'S POSTURE (By Chalmers M. Roberts) our strongest competitors." He does not, as STATEMENT the extremists do, argue that the United Of all the mass of documents daily spewed States must match each and every Soviet forth in Washington certainly one of the weapon and weapons system. in the nuclear most fascinating is the annual "posture area; only that the overall balance be, and HON. PHILIP M. CRANE statement" of the Secretary of Defense. It 1s most importantly be .perceived to be, one of a must for those in and out of Congress who OF n.LINOIS general equality. struggle each year to understand what the That peace rests on power is an unassail­ IN 'I'HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pentagon is up to, what it wants and what able fact; that peace requires more than Monday, March 10, 1975 could be cut. It is doubtless minutely read power is equally true. It is evident, for exam­ in the Kremlin and elsewhere overseas. ple, that Kissinger would have little chance Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, while many The military services since their beginning of success in bringing about a Middle East Americans, and many in the Congress, have furnished the figures and at least since peace if the nations involved. including the Sl>eak of President Ford's proposed de­ the advent of the mimeograph machine have Soviet Union, did not perceive the United lerise budget as an increase in defense spread the results around to bolster their States as a power equal to Russia. spending, the facts are really far dif­ case. But Defense Secretary Robert S. Mc­ Since deterrence of war remains funda­ Namara, at the beginning of the Kennedy mental to American policy, and must con­ ferent. era, turned this annual exercise into some­ According to the latest computations, tinue to do so, "the real issue," says Schle­ thing else again, first of all a sort of gov­ singer, "is hardly one of need; it centers on the planned budget !or all strategic ernment overview of the political-military the types and magnitudes of deterrent forces forces would amount to $7.6 billion 1n relationship between the United States and that we must have." That may be logical but fiscal year 1975; the figure for fiscal year the Soviet Union. Since Secretary of State there are some, even a few in Congress, who 1964 was $8.5 billion, in much more val­ Dean Rusk raised no protest, the McNamara raise the cry of nuclear "overkill" and ask uable 1964 dollars. In fact, the strategic posture statements became state documents why equality is necessary, why enough is not budget has declined very sharply in re­ of national intent. simply enough. The current fierce competi­ cent years. In the Vietnam years the posture state­ tion for Treasury resources tends to add ments centered on that war, its problems and force to this reasoning for some. A recent study by the Brookings Insti­ costs, but Secretary Melvin R. Laird d!d his At one point Schlesinger says that "op­ tute shows that the strategic portion of best to get the focus back on the Soviet­ ponents may feel that they can exploit a the budget will be $18.3 billion for 1975, American strategic balance. In the last favorable imbalance by means of political as opposed to $29.7 billion for fiscal year couple of years, including this year, Secre­ pressure." I accept that as a fact. But he 1974 computed at 1975 prices. Writing in tary James R. Schlesinger has accentuated goes on to add, in -the same sentence, "as commentary magazine, Edward M. Lutt­ that balance. Unlike Dean Rusk, Secretary of Hitler did so skillfully in the 1930s, partic­ wak declares that- State Henry Kissinger pronounces rather ularly with Neville Chamberlain at Berch­ regularly on Soviet-American relationships tesgaden." That, however, introduces another For aJl the talk of spiraling defense costs, and this, plus his dominant role in the it can be seen that even in current dollars factor: will. The Britain and France of that strategic arms (SALT) talks, robs the Sch­ period gave way to Hitler because their lead­ "he reduction in expenditure has been sub­ lesinger posture statements of that admin­ stantial, while discounted :for lnfia.tion i