General Eugene E. Habiger

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

General Eugene E. Habiger GENERAL EUGENE E. HABIGER Retired Aug. 1, 1998. General Eugene E. Habiger is commander in chief, United States Strategic Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. The command has responsibility for all U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy strategic nuclear forces supporting the national security objective of strategic deterrence. The general completed Officer Training School in September 1963 as a distinguished graduate. He has held a variety of staff and flying assignments including survival instructor, intelligence support project officer for major weapons systems, major command combat operations planner, executive officer and two Air Staff assignments. Flying assignments include aircraft commander, instructor pilot, operations officer, squadron commander and wing commander in two bomb wings. He is a command pilot with more than 5,000 flying hours, primarily in bomber aircraft. During the Vietnam War, he flew 150 combat missions and participated in the B-52 Arc Light operations. EDUCATION 1963 Bachelor of science degree, University of Georgia 1971 Squadron Officer School, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. 1974 Master of science degree in systems management, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 1975 Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. 1982 National War College, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C. 1986 Executive Management Program, Penn State University 1988 Program for Senior Executives and National Security Management, Harvard University, Mass. 1989 Fellow, Seminar XXI Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ASSIGNMENTS 1. March 1959 - May 1963, enlisted, U.S. Army Infantry; later served in U.S. Army Reserve 2. June 1963 - September 1963, student and distinguished graduate, Officer Training School, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas 3. October 1963 - May 1964, student, Air Intelligence Officer Course, Lowry Air Force Base, Colo. 4. May 1964 - July 1965, instructor, U.S. Air Force Survival School, Stead Air Force Base, Nev. 5. July 1965 - August 1966, student, pilot training, Williams Air Force Base, Ariz. 6. September 1966 - January 1967, student, B-52 combat crew training, Castle Air Force Base, Calif. 7. January 1967 - November 1970, B-52 pilot and aircraft commander, 524th Bombardment Squadron, 379th Bombardment Wing, Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Mich. 8. October 1969 - April 1970, B-52 pilot, Arc Light operations in Southeast Asia 9. November 1970 - January 1971, student, C-7A training, Dyess Air Force Base, Texas 10. January 1971 - September 1971, C-7A pilot and instructor pilot, 457th Tactical Airlift Squadron, 483rd Airlift Wing, Cam Ranh Bay Air Base, South Vietnam 11. September 1971 - August 1974, intelligence support project officer for F-15 and A-10 weapons systems and the Airborne Warning and Control System, Headquarters Tactical Air Command, Langley Air Force Base, Va. 12. August 1974 - June 1975, student and distinguished graduate, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. 13. June 1975 - September 1977, operations officer, 644th Bombardment Squadron, 410th Bombardment Wing, K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base, Mich. 14. September 1977 - January 1980, combat operations planner, later executive officer to the deputy chief of staff, operations and plans, and the deputy director for the Single Integrated Operational Plan, Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, Headquarters Strategic Air Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. 15. January 1980 - July 1981, commander, 325th Bombardment Squadron, later assistant deputy commander for operations, 92nd Bombardment Wing, both at Fairchild Air Force Base, Wash. 16. July 1981 - June 1982, student, National War College, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C. 17. June 1982 - April 1983, chief, strategic offensive forces division, deputy directorate for force development, directorate of plans, deputy chief of staff, plans and operations, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 18. April 1983 - October 1983, deputy assistant director for Joint and National Security Council Matters, directorate of plans, deputy chief of staff, plans and operations, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 19. October 1983 - August 1984, executive officer to the Air Force vice chief of staff, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 20. August 1984 - March 1985, vice commander, 5th Bombardment Wing, Minot Air Force Base, N.D. 21. March 1985 - January 1986, commander, 379th Bombardment Wing, Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Mich. 22. January 1986 - January 1987, commander, 2nd Bombardment Wing, Barksdale Air Force Base, La. 23. January 1987 - January 1988, inspector general, Headquarters Strategic Air Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. 24. January 1988 - September 1991, deputy director, later director, programs and evaluation, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Programs and Resources, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. During this assignment, he was also the chairman of the Program Review Committee and the Air Force Board. 25. August 1991 - April 1995, vice commander, Headquarters Air Education and Training Command, Randolph Air Force Base, Texas 26. April 1995 - February 1996, deputy chief of staff for personnel, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. 27. February 1996 - present, commander in chief, United States Strategic Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. FLIGHT INFORMATION Rating: Command pilot Flight hours: More than 5,000 hours Aircraft flown: B-52, KC-135, KC-10, C-7A and T-39 MAJOR AWARDS AND DECORATIONS Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster Distinguished Flying Cross Defense Meritorious Service Medal Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster Humanitarian Service Medal Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm EFFECTIVE DATES OF PROMOTION Second Lieutenant Sep 24, 1963 First Lieutenant Mar 24, 1965 Captain Apr 1, 1967 Major Jun 1, 1974 Lieutenant Colonel Apr 1, 1979 Colonel Jul 1, 1981 Brigadier General May 1, 1988 Major General Dec 1, 1990 Lieutenant General Mar 26, 1993 General Mar 1, 1996 .
Recommended publications
  • United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
    UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Over Boston 1992 Second Air Division Association President's Message Eighth Air Force by Richard M
    Over Boston 1992 Second Air Division Association President's Message Eighth Air Force by Richard M. Kennedy 1992!!! This year marks the 50th anniversary of the HONORARY PRESIDENT JORDAN UTTAL founding of the 8th Army Air Force. Shortly after the 7824 Meadow Park Drive, Apt. 101, Dallas, TX 75230 initial cadre of personnel was formed the 8th was deployed to the United Kingdom, where they prepared to take part OFFICERS President RICHARD M. KENNEDY in what proved to be a series of important campaigns 8051 Goshen Road, Malvern, PA 19355 leading to the demise of Nazi Germany. 1992 will also Executive Vice President JOHN B. CONRAD 2981 Four Pines #1, Lexington, KY 40502 register the assembly of the 2nd Air Division Association in Vice President Las Vegas to celebrate the Association's 45th Reunion. Membership EVELYN COHEN Apt. 06-410 Delaire Landing Road Two highly significant events. Philadelphia, PA 19114 1992 also records a period of 47 years since the end of Vice President Journal WILLIAM G. ROBERTIE World War II. Can we, with any degree of accuracy, begin to visualize the vast amount of P.O. Box 627, Ipswich, MA 01938 records that any one of us may have accumulated? Treasurer DEAN MOYER 2nd ADA memorabilia and 549 East Main St., Evans City, PA 16033 It has been recently brought to my attention that many of our members continue to raise Secretary DAVID G. PATTERSON have 28 Squire Court, Alamo, CA 94507 the question of "what can I, or should I, do with precious items of memorabilia that I American Representative collected and saved over those 47 years?" The question is not only valid; it is extremely perti- Board of Governors E (BUD) KOORNDYK 5184 N.
    [Show full text]
  • Graduation-Program-2021.Pdf
    2021 GRADUATION COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM COMMENCEMENT 2021 GRADUATION Class of 2021 EXEMPLAR: BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES ROBINSON “ROBBIE” RISNER CLASS MOTTO: PROGRAM COMMENCEMENT 2021 GRADUATION “NO DOUBT, NO FEAR” “NOLITE DUBITARE, NOLITE TIMERE” FALCON STADIUM PROGRAM Military members are reminded that a salute will be rendered during the playing of Honors for the Graduation Speaker and the National Anthem. During the National Anthem, all citizens of the United States, should face the flag with both hands at their sides or with their hat or open hand over their heart. Military retirees may render a salute during the playing of the National Anthem. 2021 GRADUATION COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM COMMENCEMENT 2021 GRADUATION MISTRESS OF CEREMONY Cadet Francesca A. Verville, Spring Wing Command Chief OFFICIAL PARTY ARRIVAL GRADUATING CLASS MARCH-ON NATIONAL ANTHEM The United States Air Force Academy Band INVOCATION Chaplain, Colonel Julian C. Gaither, US Air Force Academy Chaplain OPENING REMARKS Lieutenant General Richard M. Clark, Superintendent, United States Air Force Academy INTRODUCTION OF GUEST SPEAKER Mr. John P. Roth, Acting Secretary of the Air Force GRADUATION ADDRESS General Mark A. Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff COMMENCEMENT AWARD Cadet Matthew J. Vidican, Class President Cadet Roselen J. Rotello, Summer Cadet Wing Commander Cadet Aryemis C. Brown, Fall Cadet Wing Commander Cadet Emily K. Berexa, Spring Cadet Wing Commander PRESENTATION OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICAN AWARD Mr. Matt Carpenter, Superintendent’s Leadership Endowment Board PRESENTATION OF GRADUATES Brigadier General Linell A. Letendre, Dean of the Faculty PRESENTATION OF DIPLOMAS General Mark A. Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Names of graduates are read by Colonel Arthur W.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This Form Is for Use in Nominating Or Requesting Determination for Individual Properties and Districts
    NPS Form 10-900 RECEIVED ^g No. 100 4-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service 2 02002 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determination for individual properties and districts. See instruction in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an Item does not apply to the property being documented, enter" N/A for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategones from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on confirmation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property__________________________________________ historic name Photography and Armament School Buildings. Lowry Air Force Base________ other names/site number Rampart Campus: Buildings 376, 379 and 380______________ 2. Location_______________________________________________ street & number 125 and 130 Rampart Way and 7600 East First Place___ [N/A] not for publication city or town Denver____________________________________ [N/A] vicinity state Colorado___ code CO county Denver code 031 zip code 80220 3. State/Federal Agency Certification __ __ __ __ __ ___ As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this [X] nomination [ ] request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuskegee Airmen Chronology
    TUSKEGEE AIRMEN CHRONOLOGY DANIEL L. HAULMAN ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY BRANCH AIR FORCE HISTORICAL RESEARCH AGENCY MAXWELL AFB, AL 36112-6424 24 November 2015 1 A TUSKEGEE AIRMEN CHRONOLOGY INTRODUCTION For decades after World War II, the first black pilots in American military history were relatively unknown. Americans became increasingly aware of the contributions of African Americans to their cultural heritage during and after the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. By the end of the twentieth century, the “Tuskegee Airmen” had become famous in newspaper and magazine articles, books, films, television programs, and museum exhibits. Unfortunately, their story was told not only by historians using primary source documents, but also by others less familiar with history than with legend. A number of false claims circulated, many of them based on an ignorance of the chronological sequence of events that formed the skeleton of the true story. This book is an effort to provide a framework for Tuskegee Airmen history while at the same time revealing their historically significant accomplishments. Having worked at the Air Force Historical Research Agency for more than thirty-two years, I have developed an appreciation for the invaluable collection of documents on Army Air Forces organizations in World War II that is maintained there. Many of the documents describe the most famous Tuskegee Airmen organizations such as the 99th, 100th, 301st, and 302nd Fighter Squadrons that were assigned to the 332nd Fighter Group during World War II, which escorted American B-17 and B-24 bombers over Nazi targets in central Europe, its pilots flying red-tailed P-51 Mustangs.
    [Show full text]
  • 16004670.Pdf
    SEMIANNUALHISTORICAL REPORT&> HEADQUARTERS FIEXD COMMAND DEFENSE ATOMIC. SUPPORT AGENCY SANDIA BASE, ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO Activities for the Period 1 July 1968 - 31 December 1968 Other Volumes comprising the Field Command, DAsA' . Semiannual Historical Report as of 31 December . ..::... 1968, are as follows: VOLUME I1 - Bossier Base Shreveport , La. VOLUME I11 - Clarksville Base Clarksville, Term. VOLUME IV - Killeen Base Killeen, Texas VOLUME v - Lake'Mead Base Las Vegas , Nevada VOLUME VI - Manzano Base --.A Albuquerque, New Mexico .: _~_..2 .yy: 2 1s VOLUME VI1 - Sandia Base s'.. Albuquerque, New Mexico .: i% HEADQUARTERS FIELD COMMAND DEFENSE ATOMIC SUPPORT AGENCY TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. Headquarters Field Command 1 Secretary to the Staff 4 Equal Employment Opportunity Office 11 Inspector General 16 Judge Advocate 25 Public Information Office 30 Surgeon 35 Safety Engineer 40 Chap lain 44 Headquarters & Headquarters Co., USA Element 46 Naval Administrative Unit 50 1090th USAF Special Reporting Group 56 Hqs Sqn Sec, 1090th USAF SRG 60 Comptroller 63 Adjutant General 90 Intelligence and Security D' Lrectorate 106 Personnel Directorate 111 Joint Personnel Plans & Requirements Office 114 , Army Personnel Division 119 Navy Personnel Division 127 Air Force Personnel Division 130 Civilian Personnel Division 134 Personnel Services Division 145 Logistics Directorate 150 Engineering Division 158 Logistics Division 197 Research and Development Liaison Directorate 215 Stockpile Management Directorate 279 Nuclear Materiel Directorate 300
    [Show full text]
  • Air Force Academy Heritage
    Air Force Academy Heritage Air Force Academy Heritage $29.95 Air Force Academy Military/History A Heritage HTHE EARLY YEARS AirAir ForceForce AcademyAcademy AA HeritageHeritage The Air Force Academy under construction in the late 1950s (left) and a view of the Academy today (right). THE EARLY YEARS The Academy, with its 18,500 acres, is one of the largest collegiate campuses in the world. HH he need for an air academy began with the first powered flight. About the Author Orville Wright and his brother, Wilbur, launched the age of flight TTon December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. But it wasn’t George V. until April 1, 1954, when President Eisenhower signed the Academy Bill, Fagan that the Air Force Academy became a reality. Brigadier General Brigadier General George V. Fagan tells the story of the history of the USAF (Ret.) Air Force Academy and how it went from just an idea in World War I to Temple University BS 1940, MA 1941 the military educational institution of today. General Fagan is well qualified University of to write such a book, as he was one of the original professors and director of Pennsylvania the Academy Libraries. PhD 1954 The evolution and development of the Air Force Academy over its Serving with distinction as a member of the first fifty-year period has been remarkable. It has become a unique national original cadre, permanent professor of the institution. The true value of an educational institution is reflected in the Academy’s Department of History, and as quality of its graduates.
    [Show full text]
  • To You Who Answered the Call, Photo Supplement to the Monticello
    To You Who Answered the Call The Monticello Drizzle Photo Supplement Produced by The Monticello Area Historical Society P.O. Box 463 Monticello, WI., 53570 John Marty John Marty, S2/c, who recently completed his boot training at Great Lakes, has been transferred to Replacement Group, NCTC, at Davisville, R.I. By the way, John, who is the husband of the former Irma Baebler, became the father of a dandy baby girl the other day, making him the third member of the Drizzle family to join the Daddy Division within recent weeks. Almost looks as though the stork hit the jackpot. Here are congratulations to the Baeblers, too. –Monticello Drizzle, March 1945 HERE ON LEAVE Seaman Second Class John Marty arrived in Monticello Friday to spend a 12-day leave with his wife and to make the acquaintance of his new daughter, patients at the St. Clare hospital, Monroe, the past week. Marty, who only recently completed his boot training at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, is now a member of the Seabees. –Monticello Messenger John Marty John Marty American military cemetery on Guam containing U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corp battle casualties. War relics John Marty Melvin A. Marty S/Sgt. Melvin Marty Killed in Sgt. Marty was a member of a motorized unit Action in Germany, Sept. 20 of the 8th Infantry. Born in Mt. Pleasant Monticello Man Dies As U.S. First Army Drives Toward Aachen He was born in Mt. Pleasant Township Nov. 26, 1918, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert J.
    [Show full text]
  • 166 Public Law 86-500-.June 8, 1960 [74 Stat
    166 PUBLIC LAW 86-500-.JUNE 8, 1960 [74 STAT. Public Law 86-500 June 8. 1960 AN ACT [H» R. 10777] To authorize certain construction at military installation!^, and for other pnriwses. He it enacted hy the Hemite and House of Representatives of the 8tfiction^'Acf°^ I'raited States of America in Congress assemoJed, I960. TITLE I ''^^^* SEC. 101. The Secretary of the Army may establish or develop military installations and facilities by acquiring, constructing, con- \'erting, rehabilitating, or installing permanent or temporary public works, including site preparation, appurtenances, utilities, and equip­ ment, for the following projects: INSIDE THE UNITED STATES I'ECHNICAL SERVICES FACILITIES (Ordnance Corps) Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Training facilities, medical facilities, and utilities, $6,221,000. Benicia Arsenal, California: Utilities, $337,000. Blue Grass Ordnance Depot, Kentucky: Utilities and ground improvements, $353,000. Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey: Research, development, and test facilities, $850,000. Pueblo Ordnance Depot, Colorado: Operational facilities, $369,000. Redstone Arsenal, Alabama: Community facilities and utilities, $1,000,000. Umatilla Ordnance Depot, Oregon: Utilities and ground improve­ ments, $319,000. Watertow^n Arsenal, Massachusetts: Research, development, and test facilities, $1,849,000. White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico: Operational facilities and utilities, $1,2'33,000. (Quartermaster Corps) Fort Lee, Virginia: Administrative facilities and utilities, $577,000. Atlanta General Depot, Georgia: Maintenance facilities, $365,000. New Cumberland General Depot, Pennsylvania: Operational facili­ ties, $89,000. Richmond Quartermaster Depot, Virginia: Administrative facili­ ties, $478,000. Sharpe General Depot, California: Maintenance facilities, $218,000. (Chemical Corps) Army Chemical Center, Maryland: Operational facilities and com­ munity facilities, $843,000.
    [Show full text]
  • World War II Participants and Contemporaries: Papers
    World War II Participants and Contemporaries: Papers Container List ACCETTA, DOMINICK Residence: Fort Lee, New Jersey Service: 355th Inf Regt, Europe Volume: -1" Papers (1)(2) [record of Cannon Co., 355th Inf. Regt., 89th Inf. Div., Jan.-July 1945; Ohrdruf Concentration Camp; clippings; maps; booklet ”The Story of the 89th Infantry Division;” orders; song; ship’s newspaper, Jan. 1946;map with route of 89th Div.] AENCHBACHER, A.E. "Gene" Residence: Wichita, Kansas Service: Pilot, 97th Bomber Group, Europe; flew DDE from Gibraltar to North Africa, November 1942 Volume: -1" Papers [letters; clippings] ALFORD, MARTIN Residence: Abilene, Kansas Service: 5th Inf Div, Europe Volume: -1" Papers [copy of unit newspaper for 5th Inf. Div., May 8, 1945; program for memorial service; statistics on service and casualties in wars and conflicts] ALLMON, WILLIAM B. Residence: Jefferson City, Missouri Service: historian Volume: -1” 104 Inf Div (1) (2) [after action report for November 1944, describing activities of division in southwest Holland; this is a copy of the original report at the National Archives] 1 AMERICAN LEGION NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS Residence: Indianapolis, Indiana Service: Veteran's organization Volume: 13" After the War 1943-45 [a monthly bulletin published by the Institute on Postwar Reconstruction, Aug. 1943-April 1945] American Legion Publications (1)-(11) [civil defense; rights and benefits of veterans; home front; citizenship; universal draft; national defense and security program; Americanism; employment manual; Boy Scouts-youth program; G. I. Bill of Rights; peace and foreign relations; disaster; natural resources; law and order; UMT-universal military training; national defense; veterans’ employment; 1946 survey of veterans; reprint of two pages from The National Legionnaire, June 1940; instructors manual for military drill; United Nations; junior baseball program] Army-Navy YMCA Bulletin, 1942-44 Atlas of World Battle Fronts [1943-45] China at War, 1939 [four issues published by the China Information Publishing Co.] Clippings [submarine war; Alaska; U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOGRAPHICAL DATA BOOKK Class 2019-1 7-18 January 2019 National
    BBIIOOGGRRAAPPHHIICCAALL DDAATTAA BBOOOOKK Class 2019-1 7-18 January 2019 National Defense University NDU PRESIDENT NDU VICE PRESIDENT Vice Admiral Fritz Roegge, USN 16th President Vice Admiral Fritz Roegge is an honors graduate of the University of Minnesota with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering and was commissioned through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program. He earned a Master of Science in Engineering Management from the Catholic University of America and a Master of Arts with highest distinction in National Security and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College. He was a fellow of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Seminar XXI program. VADM Fritz Roegge, NDU President (Photo His sea tours include USS Whale (SSN 638), USS by NDU AV) Florida (SSBN 728) (Blue), USS Key West (SSN 722) and command of USS Connecticut (SSN 22). His major command tour was as commodore of Submarine Squadron 22 with additional duty as commanding officer, Naval Support Activity La Maddalena, Italy. Ashore, he has served on the staffs of both the Atlantic and the Pacific Submarine Force commanders, on the staff of the director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion, on the Navy staff in the Assessments Division (N81) and the Military Personnel Plans and Policy Division (N13), in the Secretary of the Navy's Office of Legislative Affairs at the U. S, House of Representatives, as the head of the Submarine and Nuclear Power Distribution Division (PERS 42) at the Navy Personnel Command, and as an assistant deputy director on the Joint Staff in both the Strategy and Policy (J5) and the Regional Operations (J33) Directorates.
    [Show full text]
  • Tops Down and Bottoms up Intervention—The Great Depression, Federal Relief Programs, and World War II, 1930-45 by Thomas H
    5. Tops Down and Bottoms Up Intervention—The Great Depression, Federal Relief Programs, and World War II, 1930-45 By Thomas H. Simmons and R. Laurie Simmons with contributions by Mary Therese Anstey 5.1 Introduction The 1930-45 period was a turbulent time in Denver’s history. The city slid into its worst economic downturn since the Panic of 1893, with business failures, high rates of unemployment, slow construction, and thousands of residents on public assistance. Charities, self-help groups, and federal relief and public works programs attempted to ameliorate the hard times and add needed public improvements. As the Depression deepened, tensions escalated. Journalist T.H. Watkins observed: “There probably had never been so many eruptions of public unrest in such a short period of time over so wide a spectrum of geography and population in the nation’s history as those that punctuated the months between the winter of 1930 and the winter of 1933…”1 Some Denver World War I veterans joined the 1932 Bonus Army movement, seeking early payment of promised pensions and marching on Washington to press their demands. In January 1934, four to five thousand protestors gathered in front of the State Capitol, demanding legislative action to address the crisis.2 Unemployed Denver artist Charles Tribble recalled the atmosphere of the times: “This was a period very close to political explosion. The left wing was getting pretty potent. It was close to violence.”3 The 1932 election of Franklin D. Roosevelt brought federal government assistance to create jobs and alleviate human suffering. New Deal programs provided employment, supplied relief, and left the city with “a permanent record of human achievement” exemplified in public buildings, improved infrastructure, and art and culture.4 Denver city and business leaders led successful efforts to attract military installations to the region, and preparedness efforts and the onset of World War II restored the local economy to full employment.
    [Show full text]