Initial Environmental Examination

July 2005

People’s Republic of China: Flood Management Sector Project (Wugang City Core Subproject)

Prepared by SOGREAH Consultants for the Hunan Provincial Project Management Office and the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

PEOPLE REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

HUNAN WATER RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT

HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT

TA 4324-PRC

WUGANG CITY

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

JULY 2005 13401501.R4(E2) ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND CONTEXT AND REPORT OBJECTIVES ...... 1 1.2. HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT - OVERVIEW...... 2 1.3. WUGANG URBAN FLOOD CONTROL CORE SUBPROJECT ...... 3 1.3.1. OVERVIEW...... 3 1.3.2. SUBPROJECT PROPONENT...... 4 2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 7 2.1. PRC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...... 7 2.1.1. KEY LAWS, GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES...... 7 2.1.2. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER PRC REGULATIONS...... 8 2.2. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...... 8 2.3. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER A SECTOR MODALITY...... 9 2.4. PROJECT AND SUBPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER ADB REQUIREMENTS ...... 9 2.4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION...... 9 2.4.2. PROJECT REVIEW PROCESS ...... 9 2.4.3. SUBPROJECT REVIEW PROCESS...... 10 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE WUGANG CORE SUBPROJECT ...... 11 3.1. TYPE, RATIONALE AND PURPOSE ...... 11 3.2. SUBPROJECT OVERVIEW...... 11 3.3. LOCATION AND STUDY AREA DEFINITION...... 13 3.4. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 20 3.5. DETAILED SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION...... 20 3.5.1. DIKES ...... 20 3.5.2. DRAINAGE PUMPING STATIONS ...... 21 3.5.3. SLUICE GATES...... 24 3.5.4. FLOOD DIVERSION CHANNELS ...... 24 3.5.5. DREDGING...... 24 3.5.6. BRIDGE IMPROVEMENT...... 24 3.5.7. BORROW PITS...... 26 3.5.8. NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURES...... 26 3.5.9. BUDGET...... 27 3.5.10. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 28 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 30 4.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCES...... 30 4.1.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS ...... 30 4.1.2 GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY ...... 30

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4.1.3 CLIMATE ...... 31 4.1.4 SURFACE WATER...... 32 4.1.5 GROUNDWATER...... 35 4.1.6 AIR QUALITY...... 35 4.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES...... 35 4.2.1 VEGETATION...... 35 4.2.2 TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC WILDLIFE...... 36 4.2.3 FISHERIES...... 36 4.2.4 PROTECTED AREAS AND NATURE RESERVE...... 36 4.3 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS...... 36 4.3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE...... 36 4.3.2 ECONOMIC PROFILE...... 36 4.3.3 POVERTY PROFILE...... 37 4.3.4 MINORITY PROFILE...... 37 4.3.5 ARCHAEOLOGY, CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL PROFILE ...... 38 5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION...... 39 5.1 APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING...... 39 5.2 SITING ...... 51 5.2.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT...... 51 5.2.2 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION...... 52 5.2.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES...... 52 5.2.4 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUES...... 53 5.2.5 TRANSPORTATION...... 53 5.2.6 MINERAL RESOURCES...... 53 5.2.7 PUBLIC FACILITIES...... 54 5.3 CONSTRUCTION ...... 54 5.3.1 HYDROLOGY...... 54 5.3.2 WATER QUALITY...... 55 5.3.3 SOLID WASTE...... 57 5.3.4 AIR QUALITY...... 58 5.3.5 NOISE POLLUTION...... 59 5.3.6 FLORA...... 61 5.3.7 FAUNA...... 62 5.3.8 AQUATIC LIFE...... 62 5.3.9 PUBLIC SAFETY...... 63 5.4 OPERATION ...... 64 5.4.1 HYDROLOGY...... 64 5.4.2 WATER QUALITY...... 65 5.4.3 FLORA AND FAUNA ...... 65 5.4.4 AIR QUALITY...... 65 5.4.5 TRAFFIC...... 66 5.4.6 PUBLIC SAFETY...... 66

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6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION...... 67 6.1 BENEFICIARY IDENTIFICATION...... 67 6.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES ...... 67 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 70 7.1 EMP DEVELOPMENT AND PURPOSE ...... 70 7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATIONS...... 70 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING...... 70 7.3.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING...... 71 7.3.2 AMBIENT MONITORING...... 71 7.4 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 71 7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTRACTOR(S) ...... 72 7.6 CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS ...... 72 7.7 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION...... 72 8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 75 8.1 FINDINGS ...... 75 8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 76 9 CONCLUSION...... 77

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1: Summary of 36 Subproject Key Characteristics ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.

Table 3-1: Summary of the Wugang Subproject Key Characteristics...... 12 Table 3-2: Subproject Environmental Impact Area (SEIA)...... 19 Table 3-3: Key Characteristic of the Proposed Drainage Pumping Stations ...... 22 Table 3-4: Land Use along the Proposed Drainage Pumping Stations, Sluices and New River Channel ...... 22 Table 3-5: Key Characteristic of the Proposed Sluice Gates...... 25 Table 3-6: Main Building Material Quantities ...... 26 Table 3-7: Cost Estimates for Wugang Urban Flood Control Subproject ($ million) Erreur ! Signet non défini. Table 3-8: Wugang Subproject Implementation Schedule ...... 29

Table 4-1: Quantities of Geological Survey for Dikes and Structures...... 30 Table 4-2: Climate Characteristics, Subproject Study Area...... 32 Table 4-3: Significant Flood and Drainage Events in Wugang City ...... 33 Table 4-4: Basic Parameters, Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), National Standards of the People's Republic of China...... 34 Table 4-5: Summary of air quality monitoring Results in the Subproject study area, 2003 (Unit: ug/m3) ...... 35 Table 4-6: Basic Economic Conditions, Wugang and Hunan Province (2002) ...... 37

Table 5-: Summary Screening of Potential Impacts on Natural and Social Environment, Wugang City Subproject ...... 40 Table 5-2: Worst Case Analysis of Potential Soil Loss (unmitigated)...... 55 Table 5-3: Cut and Fill Quantities and Balance ...... 57

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Table 5-4: Analysis of Impacts on Ambient Sound Environment...... 60

Table 6-1: Public Consultation and Participation Activities...... 68 Table 6-2: Attitude towards the Project among different Stakeholders...... 69 Table 6-3: Priority needs Perceived by from the Community...... 69

Table 7-1: Estimated EMP Budget, Wugang Subproject...... 73

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Wugang Subproject Location...... 6

Figure 3-1: Wugang City Landuse Along the Nanshui River...... 14 Figure 3-2: Wugang Subproject Site Layout ...... 18 Figure 3-3: Typical Dike Cross Sections, Wugang Subproject ...... 23

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Site Photoplates APPENDIX 2: Site Visits

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CCO Chief Compliance Officer CO Carbon Monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen demand DO Dissolved Oxygen EA Executing Agency EFI Environmental Field Inspector EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau ESD Environmental and Social Division ESIHP Environmental Science Institute of Hunan Province FSP Facilities Siting Plan FSR Feasibility Study Report GDP Gross Domestic Product GOC Government of China HEPB Hunan Environmental Protection Bureau HHPDI Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute HPG Hunan Provincial Government IEE Initial Environmental Examination JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation LLG Local Leading Group

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Mu Area unit (mu) equivalent to 1/15 ha NDPC National Development Planning Committee NGO Non-Government Organization NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide PDRC Provincial Development and Reform Commission PFD Provincial Finance Department PIU Project Implementation Unit PLG Project Leading Group PMO Project Management Office (Subproject level) PPMO Provincial Project Management Office PRC People’s Republic of China PWRD Provincial Water Resources Department RP Resettlement Plan SEIA Subproject Environmental Impact Area SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPIA Social/Poverty Impact Assessment SS Suspended Solids SSA Subproject Study Area TA Technical Assistance TN Total Nitrogen TP Total Phosphorous TSP Total Suspend Particulates

CURRENCIES

CNY = RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8.27 CNY

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ADDENDUM:

This document was completed in April 2005, several months prior to loan fact finding (LFF - June 2005). During LFF it was agreed that the overall project loan would be capped at $200 million. In addition, further detail was requested on some environmental aspects. Therefore, this report should be read with the understanding that changes agreed at LFF stage have not been incorporated into this document.

The additional work to revise this and the other Project environmental reports will be completed by the PPTA environmental team under a separately supported ADB staff consultancy. Updated reports will be produced in August 2005 that will contain:

1. Updated costs in view of adjustments to the project with a capped ADB loan of $200 million for all participating subprojects;

2. Additional detail on proposed mitigation actions and responsibilities; and

3. A more detailed site specific environmental management plan (EMP), based on additional survey work to be undertaken by Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute.

Revisions will be made to the consolidated IEE, SIEE, EMP, and to selected core subproject IEEs. These revisions will draw heavily on the earlier PPTA Core Subproject IEE reports and the overall Project consolidated reports, but will be strengthened by the inclusion of more substantive detail as called for at the loan fact finding. The presentation of additional survey data that was only recently made available and the completed overall project domestic EIA, now being finalized by ESI, will be major inputs into the revision process.

Ben Hallam

PPTA Team Leader, June 27, 2005.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND CONTEXT AND REPORT OBJECTIVES

T.A. No. 4324-PRC: Hunan Flood Management Project (the TA) is assisting the Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) in (i) reviewing, assessing and identifying the most cost effective flood protection measures for the four mountain rivers of Hunan Province; (ii) preparing a feasibility study for respective subprojects; and, (iii) formulating a project for improved flood management in the four mountain rivers for funding by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The objectives of the TA are:

- prepare a Feasibility Study Report, including an assessment of the financial, economic, social and environmental impacts of the Project in accordance with policies and guidelines of the Asian Development Bank (ADB);

- formulate the Hunan Flood Management Project (the loan project, hereafter referred to as the Project) to reduce flood hazards and damages in the mountainous area of Hunan Province, including improving flood management within the context of integrated river basin management; and,

- prepare a final report that includes updated / strengthened subproject feasibility study reports for selected subproject locations, and a consolidated final report covering overall feasibility, environmental impact, resettlement plans, and financial and economic analyses.

Under the Structural Flood Control Component of the proposed Project 36 urban flood control subprojects have been identified by HPG. The Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute (HHPDI) has developed initial feasibility studies for each subproject. As the proposed Project will be implemented under a sector type approach1, eight priority core subprojects will be developed in full to the ADB-standard feasibility level during the TA implementation. These are:

(i) City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(ii) Wugang City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(iii) City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(iv) City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(v) Chenxi City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(vi) City Urban Flood Control Subproject;

(vii) Xinhua Urban Flood Control Subproject; and,

(viii) Sangzhi City Urban Flood Control Subproject.

1 Asian Development Bank Aide Memoire, November 2004.

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The remaining subprojects will be developed to feasibility level during the Project implementation.

The selection of the core subprojects was based on size of investment, geographical representation of the watersheds in the province, severity of environmental and resettlement impact, severity and types of flooding, types of proposed flood protection measures, and impact on indigenous peoples, and poverty impact.

In accordance with the environmental requirements of the ADB as detailed later in this report, an Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE) is being prepared for each subproject. This report presents the IEE for the Wugang City Urban Flood Control Subproject (the Subproject).

The purpose of this IEE report with respect to the proposed Subproject is to:

(i) describe the PRC and ADB environmental assessment processes under which the overall Project and this subproject have been reviewed;

(ii) describe the baseline environmental and socioeconomic setting of the Subproject study area;

(iii) describe the proposed Subproject interventions;

(iv) undertake a screening to identify proposed Subproject interventions that may result in significant environmental impacts;

(v) predict and assess characteristics and magnitude of impacts for those interventions identified in the screening that may result in negative environmental impacts;

(vi) recommend appropriate mitigation measures to minimize negative potential impacts, and predict and assess residual impacts; and,

(vii) describe the public consultation process undertaken.

As noted in Section 2.4 below a separate consolidated IEE, a separate consolidated summary IEE and a separate consolidated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) have also been prepared for the overall Project.

1.2. HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT - OVERVIEW

The proposed Project will support the HPG to reduce flood damage in the mountainous areas by improving flood mitigation measures for the most affected municipalities and counties.

The overall goal of the proposed Project is to: - reduce flooding and flood hazards in the mountainous area of Hunan Province by improving flood management within a context of integrated river basin management.

The purpose of the proposed Project is to: - strengthen, improve and bring to a consistent standard the flood management measures in four tributaries of in Hunan Province.

The development objective of the proposed Project is:

(i) to improve urban flood control and to counteract natural calamities in the mountainous areas of Hunan Province;

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(ii) to protect life and property and improve safety for the people; and,

(iii) to ensure the social stability and advancement through reliable economic development.

The Project will invest in flood management in the Xiangjiang, Zishui, and Lishui River Basins, collectively termed the ‘Mountain Rivers’, which deliver runoff from the mountainous areas of Hunan to Dongting Lake. These Mountain Rivers generate short duration localized floods, characterized by a steady rise and fall of water levels in the river sections as a flood wave passes down the river. These elevated flood levels generally persist for no more than two or three days, except in the lower reaches where the period may extend to 5 days. Despite the mountainous conditions, tending to low hills in the middle catchment, the rivers generally have a shallow gradient through the heavily populated areas, with substantive floodplains within the otherwise narrow valleys which characterize the river systems. Consequently, the typical pattern of settlement adjacent to the rivers is narrow elongated development areas, with older high density residential, commercial and industrial areas in the flat lowlands. This tends to have constricted the natural floodplain characteristics for the river, and these areas are now subjected to short term but increasingly frequent flooding. The characteristic behavior of these Mountain Rivers means that the settled communities suffer from more frequent and often more extensive flood impacts, which causes loss of life and severe disruption to the livelihoods of affected peoples. By virtue of their location and dependence on agriculture, many are the poorest of the poor.

The proposed Project contains thirty-six (36) subprojects located in eight municipalities (, , , , Yongzhou, , Huaihua and Loudi); City which is the capital of Xiangxi ; five county-level cities; and twenty- two counties2. These cities and counties are all located in either the eastern, southern and western mountainous regions, or in the central region which generally consists of low hills.

The proposed Project also includes a non-structural component that will enhance non-structural flood management in Hunan, including providing training and technical assistance to strengthen data collections systems, flood forecasting, and flood emergency warning systems.

Table 1-1 summarizes the 36 subproject key features under the Structural Flood Control Component of the proposed Project.

1.3. WUGANG URBAN FLOOD CONTROL CORE SUBPROJECT

1.3.1. OVERVIEW

Wugang City is located on the banks of the Nanshui River in the southwest of Hunan Province. The terrain around the city is low and flat, and existing flood protection consists of three separate low embankments 2 to 3 m in height. This does not provide sufficient flood protection, and combined with a lack of lowland drainage pumping facilities has meant that Wugang is suffering from increasing floods and associated financial losses.

The proposed Wugang City Urban Flood Control Subproject will provide flood protection through the construction of a range of dikes, diversion channels, sluice gated culverts and pumping stations, as well as through widening of two bridges and dredging of sand banks and islands.

2 The terms “county” and “municipality” are sometimes used interchangeably with the term “city” in the initial Chinese feasibility studies and in other Chinese Project-related documents. It should be understood that all subprojects are focused on specific and defined urban areas for which the generic term “city” is appropriate, regardless of whether this is referring to a prefecture-level, municipal-level or county-level city.

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The flood protection works are designed for a 1 in 20 year return period flood, while the drainage pumping works are designed for a 1 in 10 year return period (24 hour storm to be evacuated in 24 hours).

1.3.2. SUBPROJECT PROPONENT

The Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) will be the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project. A provincial level Project Management Office (PPMO) has been established in the Provincial Water Resources Department (PWRD), with representatives from the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC) and the Provincial Finance Department (PFD). The PPMO will be responsible for overall project preparation and administration. The PPMO is an experienced and adequately staffed project office that has successfully processed and implemented two World Bank financed water resources and flood management projects and a Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) financed urban flood control project in the Dongting Lake area. A Project Leading Group (PLG), headed by a Vice Governor of Hunan Province and comprised of senior officials from PWRD, PDRC and PFD, will guide the PPMO and oversee project preparation and implementation.

At each subproject (municipality and county) a Local Leading Group (LLG) and a Local Project Management Office (PMO) have been established and are responsible for coordinating and administering the subproject in their jurisdiction. The LLG and PMO have a similar structure and composition as that of the PLG and PPMO. Subproject implementation will be undertaken by the corresponding project implementation units (PIUs) which are the existing local flood management agencies.

The responsibility for implementing the non-structural component of the Project was being clarified at the time of report preparation.

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TABLE 1-1: SUMMARY OF THE 36 SUBPROJECT KEY CHARACTERISTICS

No Name City Type River Earth Floodwall Culverts Pumping Basin Dikes Dikes (No.) Stations (Km) (Km) (No.) 8 Core Subproject to start in Year 0 (2005) 1 Yongzhou M X 21.50 23.37 16 6 2 Wugang C Z 5.47 10.76 14 4 3 Loudi M X 30.91 5.89 19 2 4 Leiyang C X 11.29 1.05 5 0 5 Chengxi C Y 0.00 0.73 3 1 6 Huaihua M Y 13.39 9.64 10 4 7 Xinhua C Z 12.25 0.00 4 2 8 Sangzhi C L 0.00 7.29 7 2 8 Core Subprojects - Sub Totals 94.81 58.73 78 21 28 Subprojects to start in Year 1 (2006) 9 Hengyang M X 39.21 18.30 88 31 10 Chenzhou M X 23.30 23.80 39 0 11 Shaoyong M Z 1.60 7.40 9 8 12 Jishou M Y 0.00 22.40 27 0 13 Zhuzhou C X 8.66 0.00 18 7 14 Youxian C X 10.90 1.40 15 4 15 Anhua C Z 3.30 10.55 4 0 16 Hengyang C X 14.60 0.34 6 4 17 Longhui C Z 4.50 3.60 5 3 18 Jiangyong C X 4.43 2.61 4 0 19 Xintian C X 11.70 7.52 3 3 20 Ningyuan C X 4.80 8.30 4 0 21 Zhongfang C Y 5.62 0.50 3 2 22 Xupu C Y 5.71 2.57 5 2 23 C X 4.07 13.10 17 0 24 Shuangfeng C X 4.40 5.41 12 2 25 Cili C L 11.99 5.70 5 1 26 Zhuzhou M X 24.50 8.50 7 14 27 Xiangtan M X 12.90 0.00 5 2 28 C X 9.70 5.40 10 3 29 Lilling C X 3.49 7.90 5 4 30 Shimen C L 12.95 0.00 7 2 31 C Z 11.10 0.54 7 4 32 Jianghua C X 2.87 0.74 3 3 33 Xinhuang C Y 0.00 6.35 4 3 34 C Z 5.40 1.69 9 3 35 Fenghuang C Y 0.00 5.15 0 0 36 Baojing C Y 1.30 3.65 6 0 28 Non-Core Subproject Sub-Totals 243.00 173.42 327 105 36 Subproject Totals 337.80 232.16 405 126

Rivers (Subprojects) – Xiangjiang (18), Zijiang (7), Yuanjiang (8), and Lishui (3) City Type (Subprojects) – Municipal (9) or County (27)

Note: For flood management, all the cities depend on non-structural measures (data acquisition, flood forecasting, flood warning and flood response procedures), and therefore varying activities will be undertaken at each city to strengthen these non-structural activities, coordinated by the Provincial Water Resource Department.

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FIGURE 1-1: CORE AND NON-CORE SUBPROJECT LOCATIONS, HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT

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2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

2.1. PRC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS

2.1.1. KEY LAWS, GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES

The Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the PRC was passed on October 28, 2002 and became effective on September 1, 20033. The EIA Law demands obligatory environmental assessment studies for all construction projects. Key elements of the law in relation to the proposed Project are as follows:

- EIA refers to the analysis, projection and evaluation of potential environmental impacts caused by the implementation of a plan or a construction project. The assessment must propose measures to prevent or mitigate harmful environmental impacts, and recommend methods to carry out project impact monitoring. - There are three levels of EIA reporting:

• Category A projects are considered to have the potential for moderate to significant environmental impact, and a comprehensive assessment is required. Category A projects include land utilization and construction; development and utilization of regions, watershed areas and sea areas; and development of industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, energy resources, water resources, traffic, city construction, tourism and natural resources. The developer must hold a public hearing or seek comments and suggestions from experts and the public before submitting the EIA report for approval. Government approval or disapproval must be issued within 60 days.

• Category B projects have more moderate environmental impacts, and the law requires completion of an environmental impact form.

• Category C projects have minimal environmental impact projects, and the law requires completion of an environmental impact registration form for which government approval or disapproval is issued within 15 days. - China's State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) is authorized to handle the review and approval of environmental impact reports for construction projects on nuclear facilities, confidential works, construction projects straddling across more than one provincial-level region, projects that require examination and approval by the State Council or other ministerial level administrations, and projects that have a total investment over CNY 200 million. Local governments are responsible for the approval of all other projects. - The environmental protection administration is required to inspect the actual environmental impact after the project goes into operation, and as relevant, report on causes and liabilities for severe environmental pollution or ecological destruction.

3 Replaced the existing Environmental Protection Law (1992).

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The National Development Planning Commission (NDPC) or its provincial counterpart will not approve a project until the EIA is approved. Provincial or local Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) are responsible for ensuring implementation of whatever environmental monitoring and management measures are specified in EIAs approved at any level. Generally, the administrative aspects of China’s newer environmental regulations, such as approvals and permits issued subsequent to EIAs, are enforced more stringently than older regulations.

The Implementing Agency is generally required to report at various stages of construction and operation, including an Environmental Monitoring and Supervision Report which should be submitted to the Provincial EPB and the Provincial Planning Commission. If funding is provided by international sources these reports are consolidated semi-annually or at completion of key stages and forwarded to the lending institution (e.g., ADB).

The Environmental Impact Assessment Law is supported by several Technical Guidelines for EIA, which provide recommendations and guidance on methodologies. These guidelines include: - Technical Guideline for EIA of Hydroelectric and Hydraulic Engineering (on trial) (SDJ302-88); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Atmosphere Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.2-93); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Surface Water Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.3-93); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Noise Impact Assessment (2.4-1995); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Ecological Environment and Natural Resources (HJ/T 19- 1997); - Technical Regulations on Water and Soil Conservation of Development and Construction Projects (SL204-98); and, - Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (on trial) (HJ/T130-2003).

2.1.2. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER PRC REGULATIONS

As required under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law an overall Hunan Flood Management Project EIA Report is being prepared by the Environmental Science Institute of Hunan Province (ESIHP) under contract to the Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute (HHPDI). The EIA is expected to be submitted to SEPA in April 2005. It is understood by the consultant that the EIA report will recommend that the Project be classified as Category C. Category C approval is expected to be received from SEPA in May 2005. It is as yet unclear whether a Category C environmental registration form will be required in addition to the EIA report that is being prepared.

Under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law subproject level EIA reports are not required.

2.2. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS

For any project processed with the participation of an International Funding Agency, in addition to the fulfillment of national requirements the proponent must also satisfy the requirements of the funding organization. As the proposed Subproject is being developed for financing through a loan from the ADB, it must follow the ADB environmental assessment guidelines and requirements, as detailed in the following key references:

(i) Environmental Policy of the Asian Development Bank (2003);

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(ii) Environmental Assessment Guidelines of the Asian Development Bank (2003); and,

(iii) Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agriculture and Natural Resources Development Projects, Asian Development Bank (1991).

ADB projects are classified as category A (with significant potential environmental impacts); category B (with less significant potential environmental impacts); and category C (unlikely to have significant environmental impacts). A project’s environment assessment category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including both direct and indirect impacts.

For category A projects a full EIA is required. For category B projects an initial environmental examination (IEE) is required, and if the IEE determines that the project has significant environmental impacts a full EIA is then required. If a full EIA is not required for a category B project, and the IEE concludes that the project will not have any adverse environmental impacts, then the environmental assessment is deemed complete. For category B projects in which a full EIA is not required but the project is still considered to be environmentally sensitive, the IEE must include an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) with a budget; a summary initial environmental examination (SIEE) must be submitted to the ADB Board 120 days prior to the Board consideration; and the SIEE must be posted on the ADB’s website and be made available to locally affected groups and NGOs upon request. No environmental assessment is required for category C projects although their environmental implications nevertheless need to be reviewed.

2.3. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER A SECTOR MODALITY

Under a sector-like approach subproject activities are typically not developed to the feasibility stage during TA implementation. In these cases priority subprojects may be selected to act as models for the full development of the remaining subprojects during the loan project implementation stage.

2.4. PROJECT AND SUBPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER ADB REQUIREMENTS

2.4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION

The Hunan Flood Management Project has been classified as category B, and has been deemed “environmentally sensitive” by the ADB Chief Compliance Officer (CCO).

2.4.2. PROJECT REVIEW PROCESS

The Project-level environmental review process includes the preparation of a consolidated (project-wide) IEE, a consolidated SIEE, and a consolidated EMP. Each has been reviewed and approved by both the ADB and the PPMO. As the project has been deemed environmentally sensitive by the CCO the EMP includes a budget; the SIEE must be submitted to the Board 120 days prior to the Board consideration; and, the SIEE must be posted on the ADB’s website and be made available to locally affected groups and NGOs upon request.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 9 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

Given that (i) the structural component is the major focus of the proposed Project, comprising over 90% of the estimated Project cost; (ii) the structural component is the only component that involves any physical works; and (iii) the non-structural component is limited to technical assistance and capacity building for data collections systems, flood forecasting, and flood emergency warning systems, no environmental analysis was required or undertaken for the non-structural component.

2.4.3. SUBPROJECT REVIEW PROCESS

As the Project is taking a sector-like approach eight priority core subprojects have been developed to feasibility level during the TA implementation (see Section 1.1, above), and an IEE has been prepared for each core subproject. In total the following reports have been prepared for each core subproject in order to advance them to the implementation stage:

- Feasibility Study Report (FSR);

- Resettlement Plan (RP);

- Initial Environmental Examination (IEE);

- Social/Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA); and,

- Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) if required.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 10 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE WUGANG CORE SUBPROJECT

3.1. TYPE, RATIONALE AND PURPOSE

The Wugang Subproject is a structural urban flood control project and will reduce flood impacts in three flood protection zones: the Chengnan protection zone; the Old Chengbei District protection zone; and the Hongmiao protection zone.

The terrain around Wugang is low and flat. Existing flood protection consists of three separate river embankments 2 to 3 m in height, providing protection for only a maximum 1-in-5 year flood return period. This is a low degree of protection, and when combined with a lack of lowland drainage facilities, means that Wugang suffers from frequent and ever increasing floods with associated financial losses.

Wugang is a county-level city. The County has a total area of 1,540 km2, and a total population of 731,043 in 2002. Wugang city proper has an area of approximately 13.9 km2 including both the urban core area and semi-rural areas. According to the Development Plan of West Hunan Province (2002, Wugang Census Bureau), by 2010 Wugang is expected to be an important medium-size central city containing “significant public facilities and infrastructure”. Without adequate protection serious flood damage will likely continue to occur, as has already happened in the past. For example, in July 1994 flooding submerged 6.5 km² of urban area in Wugang, directly affecting 72,000 persons. The main streets were covered with water, and direct financial losses totaled CNY 85 million.

Within Wugang city proper the proposed Subproject flood control works will protect 8.49 km² of urban and semi-urban area in the three protection zones, which are home to approximately 130,000 residents. The Subproject will construct new dikes, raise existing dikes, and improve protection standard from the current 1-in-5 year flood return period to a to 1-in-20 year flood return period. Pumping stations will also be installed, enhancing the drainage capacity from a 1- in-3 year to a 1-in-10 year flood return period.

3.2. SUBPROJECT OVERVIEW

The proposed Wugang Urban Flood Control Subproject (the Subproject) consists of:

(i) construction of 15.485 km of new dikes along the Nanshui River: - 6.280 km of new dike from Yuejiawang to Yangjiaba; - 4.586 km of new dike from Xinjieqian to East Tower; - 4.619 km of new dike from Hongti in the North of the city to Xiaojia

(ii) rehabilitation of 0.75 km of existing dike along the Nanshui River in the Chengnan Flood Protection zone;

(iii) construction of a new 0.95 km river channel that will divert flood waters from the Chuancheng River directly to the Nanshui River;

(iv) construction of 4 new urban drainage pumping stations with a total capacity of 980 Kw;

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 11 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

(v) construction of 12 sluice gates; 1 diversion channel regulating gate, and 1 flood control gate(inflow to old city area)

(vi) construction of 2 flood diversion channels on the south bank with a total length of 6.0 km (Niushi bridge channel, 2.3 km; Guantouba channel, 3.7 km);

(vii) addition of one arch to each of Yudai and Tiyun bridges to increase the hydraulic discharge capacity;

(viii) dredging of 292,000 m3 from sand banks and islands in the Nanshui through the urban area of Wugang (7.15 km), and

(ix) non-structural flood monitoring, forecasting, management, warning and emergency response measures.

The flood protection works are designed for a 1 in 20 year return period, while the drainage pumping works are designed for a 1 in 10 year return period (24 hour storm to be evacuated in 24 hours). Table 3-1 provides a summary of the Subproject activities.

TABLE 3-1: SUMMARY OF THE WUGANG SUBPROJECT KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Subproject Key Characteristics Unit Value Total Length of Dike km 16.24 Existing Dike to be Reinforced km 0.75 New Earth Dike km 6.83

New Flood Wall km 4.25 Masonry Dike Wall km 4.41 New Pump Stations Stns / No. / kw 4 / 8 / 940 New Sluice Gated Culverts No. / Gates 12 / 12 Flow Control Gates No. / Gates 2 / 5 New Drainage Channel No. / km 2 / 6.0

Civil Works Structures River Channel Diversion Km 0.95 Dike Slope Concrete Revetment Km 6.83 Dike Slope Grass Revetment km 16.24 Bridge Enlargement No. / m 2 / 40 Earth and/or Rock Excavation m3 x 103 194.03 3 3 Earth and/or Rock Fill m x 10 442.10 Sand and Gravel Bedding m3 x 103 14.87 Grouted Rubble m3 x 103 50.40 Plain and Reinforced Concrete m3 x 103 54.46 Reinforcing Steel Bar t 276.96 Metalwork and Hoists t 196.59 High Pressure Grouting m 17,760.00 Construction Quantities Concrete Block Revetment m3 x 103 11.89 Grass Slope Protection m2 x 103 91.23 mu 218.00 Land Acquisition ha 14.53 House Demolition m2 x 103 14.49

Social / Other Building Demolition m2 x 103 5.22 Resettlement Population Resettled People 792

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 12 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

3.3. LOCATION AND STUDY AREA DEFINITION

Wugang City is located in the southwest of Hunan province, in the upper reaches of the Zishui river basin. The city sits on the banks of the Nanshui River, with the old city center (Chengbei) on the left bank, and the more recent development of Chengnan on the right bank. The Nanshui river passes through Wugang running from the southwest to the northeast over a distance of 7.15 km.

Figure 3-1 presents detailed land use along the banks of the Nanshui River in Wugang. The project flood protection zones and key components are illustrated in Figure 3-2.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 13 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

FIGURE 3-1: WUGANG CITY LANDUSE ALONG THE NANSHUI RIVER

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 14 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

FIGURE 3-1: (CONTINUED)

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 15 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

FIGURE 3-1: (CONTINUED)

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 16 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

FIGURE 3-1: (CONTINUED)

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 17 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

FIGURE 3-2: WUGANG SUBPROJECT SITE LAYOUT

Project Characteristics 0 70 3+ No Item UnitQuanfity Note UA G S 7+ 1 Dike Length km 16.235 030 2 River Realignment Length km 0.95

S

3 New Culvert Gate Num 14 5 S +

8 5 7 4 New Flood Diversion Channel 2/6.0 + 7 8 . 5 5 5 New Pump Station Num/kw 4/940 0 0 +00 6 Earth Excavation 10 m 15.95 N 0 19 S Chunguang Pumping Station Gate +6 7 Earth Backfilling 10 m 42.80 4 5 H N + Chunguang Pump 4 5 + 5 5 8 Grounted Rubble 10 m 5.36 8 0 N 6

9 Concrete & Reinforced Concrete10 m 6.65 4+ 30 Chunguang Gate N 6

4+ 18 50 0 0+7 30 N N +1 3 4 +9 H N 96 Agriculture Trading 3 6 +9 89 Market Gate 05 3+ 0 H 85 0+ N Chuancheng River Pump S 4 Inlet of Chuancheng +450 River Gate N 3+750

Outlet of Chuancheng River Gate S 4+060

N

2

+

6

8 0 300 H City Power Supply 2+ Gexin Pump IU 2 Station Gate N + H Fishery Gate 7 Niushiqiao Pumping Station Gate Gexin Gate 3 2 5 0 G + 0 S 0 6 2 1 U H 9 Niushiqiao Pump 9 + + 5 1 3 S A 2 2 + 0 N 3 + 8 + 2 N S 5 + 2 Niushiqiao Gate 0 8 3 S 0 8 0 + 6 0 3+ 0 0 3 0 . Hongzhuan Power Gate 650 6 8

S Zinan Gate

2 Pre-casting +

Field Gate 6

0 0 Scale:

0 250500 750 1000m

H

0

+

0

0 0

H 0 + 9 N 0 I 0 U Legend: Yijiayuan Gate 0 + 0 0 0 New Flood Wall Reinforced flood wall

S 0+ 000 New pump station Reinforced earth dike Notes: 1.Elevation System is Huanghai System(1985),and Unit is Meter. New earth dike 2.In the chainage,"S" means South of city, and "N" means New culvert gate North of city, and "H" means Hongmiao Protection Area. Drainage Collection channel

P.R.of CHINA Hunan Technical Assistance Wugang Subproject Drawing No:1 Asian Development Bank for Hunan Flood Management Water Resources Department General Layout Date:December 2004 (ADB) Project

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 18 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

Wugang is a county-level city and has a total area of 1,540 km2 which includes 19 sub-districts and 511 villages (urban residential committees). Within this the urban area of Wugang city proper is approximately 13.9 km2.

The overall Subproject Study Area (SSA) is defined as the three flood protection zones within Wugang City proper (Chengnan, Old Chengbei District and Hongmiao), which have a combined area of 8.49 km2.

For the purposes of this environmental evaluation, the Subproject Environmental Impact Area (SEIA) is defined as including:

- a zone approximately 100 m wide measured from the average perpendicular trend of both the north and south banks of the Nanshui River, commencing 200 meters upstream of the start of dike construction and ending 200 meter downstream of terminus of dike construction;

- a zone approximately 100 m wide measured from the average perpendicular trend of both the east and west banks of the Chuancheng River, commencing 200 meters upstream of the start of dike construction and ending at the outlet of the Chuancheng River into the Nanshui River; and

- a zone approximately 100 m wide measured from the average perpendicular trend of both banks of the Niushi and Guantouba flood diversion channels.

The above zones will encompass the direct impact zones from most of the Subproject activities, including the creation or upgrading of dikes; the construction of new river and flood diversion channels; the construction of drainage pumping stations, sluice gates, and diversion and flood control gates; the expansion of the Yudai and Tiyun bridges; any areas where resettlement is required; and the dredging of the Nanshui River.

In addition, the SEIA is also defined as including:

- the area within a 100 m radius of the edge of the borrow pits;

- the area within a 100 m radius of the edge of the sites for disposal of spoil and river dredgate; and

- the areas within a 100 m radius of the edge of the sites where displaced persons will be resettled.

The total SEIA is approximately 3.41 km2 (Table 3-2).

TABLE 3-2: SUBPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AREA (SEIA)

Subproject Component Component Spatial Characteristics Associated SEI Area (km2) Main Dikes 15.485 km 1.67 Chuancheng Re-channelization 0.95 km Included in above Flood diversion channels 6.0 km 1.28 Borrow Pits 0.096 km2 0.24 Soil and Dredgate Disposal 0.003 km2 0.12 Resettlement Area 0.020 km2 0.10 Total 3.41

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 19 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

3.4. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES

In terms of the specific objectives, namely to provide improved flood protection, a number of different physical alternative solutions were examined. These included:

- Types of dike construction in relation to ground conditions, sources of suitable materials, existing land use and density of existing development;

- Alignment of dikes to trade off dike type and length versus costs for land acquisition and resettlement;

- Drainage evacuation – selection between pump stations and/or gravity discharge sluices;

- Improvement or channelization of existing rivers (Chuancheng) versus total realignment away from the densely developed old city;

- Adoption of drainage interception channels, and use of different outfalls, pumps and/or gravity sluices;

- Consideration of variations for improving river channel capacity – dredging and/or widening - including widening the existing major road bridges within the core city area.

3.5. DETAILED SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.5.1. DIKES

3.5.1.1. LOCATION

The dike in the Chengnan area will be built along the southeast side of the Nanshui River and will include the creation of a new road running adjacent to the dike. The dike will start at Yijia Garden in the western portion of Wugang, run east past a fish processing and production facility, and then proceed to Tiaoshijiang, Banbian Street, Yudai Bridge, and Willow Wan, ending at the hill at Yangjia Dam in eastern Wugang. The total length of the dike will be 7.03 km, including 0.75 km of existing dike which will be raised and strengthened.

The dike in the Old Chengbei District area will start at Xinjieqian on the northwest portion of the Chuancheng River, run south along the east side of the Chuancheng River to the Nanshui River, and then along the north side of the Nanshui River to Tiyun Bridge and Yudai Bridge. It will end at the East Tower on the north side of Nanshui River. Its total length will be 4.586 km, including a new river channel that will divert flood waters from the Chuancheng River directly to the Nanshui River. This new river channel will start at the southwest portion of the Chuancheng River just prior to its entry into the urban core, and will run due south to the Nanshui River.

The dike in the Hongmiao area will start at the Dutou Bridge on the north bank of the most westerly portion of the Nanshui River, and will run east through Jiaxiantai, past a fish processing and production facility to Gexin Village, north along the western bank of the flood diversion channel to the Chuancheng River, and then northwest along the western bank of the Chuancheng River until its terminus at Xiaojia. The total length of the dike will be 4.619 km.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 20 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

3.5.1.2. CONSTRUCTION METHODS

Three types of new dikes will be constructed (see Figure 3-3):

- large cross section earthen dikes will be utilized in the semi-urban and some urban areas where there is no need for house removal and resettlement of affected people;

- small footprint cement-masonry wall dikes will be utilized in urban areas where the base foundation quality is good;

- small footprint concrete wall dikes will be utilized in urban areas where the base foundation quality is poor (reinforced concrete will be used in areas where the base foundation is particularly narrow and room for the adjacent road is limited).

Existing dikes will be strengthened and raised utilizing two approaches:

- in urban narrow areas reinforced concrete will be utilized;

- In areas where the dike only needs to be marginally raised stone and mortar (masonry) will be utilized.

The concrete dikes will have a 1.0 m high flood protection wall running along the top, with a top width of 0.3m. The elevation of the top of the dikes will be 1.1m above the design flood water level. The upper elevation of the earth dikes will be 1.55 m above the design flood water level along the Nanshui River and 1.1m above the design water level along the Chuancheng River.

Each dike will have a berm on the land side and a road on the dike crest. There will be a geo- membrane under the dikes for toe protection, and the land side slope will be protected by planting grass.

3.5.2. DRAINAGE PUMPING STATIONS

Four new drainage pumping stations will be established in lowland areas:

- two in the Chengnan protection zone: one at Niushiqiao on the south-central bank of the Nanshui River, the other at Chuanguang on the south-eastern bank;

- one at Hongmiao Gexin in the Hongmiao protection zone; and,

- one at the north central bank of Chuancheng River at the confluence of the Chuancheng River and the Nanshui River, in the Old Chengbei District protection zone.

Table 3-3 provides an overview of the drainage pumping station key characteristics. Table 3-4 shows the land use near the pumping stations, sluices and the new 0.95 km river channel.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 21 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

TABLE 3-3: KEY CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PROPOSED DRAINAGE PUMPING STATIONS

Catchment Drainage Discharge Lift Installed Protection Pumping Inflow Water Chainage Area Discharge Water Level Head Capacity Zone Station Level (km2) (m3/s) (m) (m) (kw) Niushiqiao South3+850 2.30 3.42 312.00 314.48 2.85 2×90 South of City Chunguang South5+850 3.42 3.16 308.00 311.30 3.80 2×110 Chuancheng North of City North3+750 2.72 4.78 312.00 313.42 1.63 2×110 River Hongmiao Gexin Hong2+350 2.90 4.31 314.50 317.89 3.90 2×185

TABLE 3-4: LAND USE ALONG THE PROPOSED DRAINAGE PUMPING STATIONS, SLUICES AND NEW RIVER CHANNEL

Item Land Use Item Land Use Niushiqiao Pumping Station Waste land Chunguang Pumping Vegetable field Station Sluice Chunguang Pumping Paddy Field Hongmiao Yijiaoyuan Sluice Orange yard Station Gexin Pumping Station Waste land Hongmiao Hongzhuang Waste land Sluice Chuancheng River Pumping Waste land Hongmiao Gexin Sluice Paddy field Station Pre-Casting Field Sluice Waste land Inlet Of Chuancheng River Paddy field Sluice Zinan Sluice Waste land Fishery Sluice Paddy field Niushiqiao Sluice Waste land City Power Supply Station Waste land Sluice Chunguang Sluice Vegetable field Outlet Of Chuancheng Waste land River Sluice Niushiqiao Pumping Station Waste land Agricultural Trade Market Waste land Sluice Sluice Chuancheng New River 100m of houses in the Channel upper part of the river (removal not required); remainder is paddy field

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 22 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

FIGURE 3-3: TYPICAL DIKE CROSS SECTIONS, WUGANG SUBPROJECT

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 23 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

3.5.3. SLUICE GATES

A total of 14 sluice gates will be constructed in lowland areas and near the pumping stations:

- 6 new sluice gates in the Chengnan protection zone; - 3 new sluice gates in the Hongmiao protection zone; and, - 5 new sluice gates in the Old Chengbei District protection zone.

Table 3-5 provides an overview of the proposed sluice gate characteristics.

3.5.4. FLOOD DIVERSION CHANNELS

Two new flood diversion channels will be constructed in the Chengnan protection zone: the Niushiqiao diversion channel running from Shibatou through Niushiqiao to the Nanshui River; and the Guanbatou diversion channel running from Banbian Street through Guanbatou to the Nanshui River.

The drainage flow in the Niushuiqiao channel will be between 2.43 to 28.1m3/s and the drainage flow in the Guanbatou channel will be between 13.6 to 30.21 m3/s. The Niushuiqiao channel will have a slope of 1/1000, while the Guanbatou channel will have a slope of 1/2000. The diversion channels will be earthen structures and will have either trapezoidal or rectangular profiles.

3.5.5. DREDGING

The project will include dredging of 4 shallow sandy areas in the Nanshui River at Baishazhou, Shuinanqiao, Xiaojia Dam, and the Nongmao agricultural market, and 2 sand shoals in the center of the Nanshui River, one at Xiaojia Dam on the eastern portion of Wugang, and the other near the Waterworks at the upper of Tiyunqiao. Dredging will be undertaken to improve river hydraulic capacity. A total of 292,000 m3 sand and gravel will be dredged

3.5.6. BRIDGE IMPROVEMENT

The hydraulic capacity of the Yudai and Tiyun Bridges on the Nanshui River will be expanded. Sediment deposition in the river course immediately upstream of the left bank of these bridges has reduced flow, and the narrow design of the bridges also constricts flow.

The current width of Yudai Bridge is 73.6 m; it has 8 archways, each 9.2 m wide. The width of the bridge will be expanded to 82.8 m. The current width of the Tiyun Bridge is 52 m; it has 2 large archways. The width of the bridge will be expanded to 78 m.

For both bridges upstream depositions will be dredged, and various illegal buildings which hinder flow in the immediate upper and lower reaches will be removed.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 24 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

TABLE 3-5: KEY CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PROPOSED SLUICE GATES

Protection Name Stake Design Design Discharge Elevation of Bottom Type and Size of Length Sluice Gate Remarks Zone No. Intake Outlet (m3/s) Board Sluice of Type Water Water Entrance Outlet Type W*H*D (m) Sluice Level Level (m) (m) (m) (m) Chengnan Prefabricate Yard 2+700 314.27 317.7 0.9 313.995 313.84 Box 1.2*1*0.4 31 PGZ1*1.5 Plate sluice reinforce gate Zinan 3+000 313.92 317.27 1.03 313.370 313.220 Box 1.0*1.5*1.4 30 PGZ1*1.5 Cast iron sluice gate Niushuiqiao 3+650 313.08 315.91 0.72 312.83 312.71 Box 1.25*1*0.4 24 PGZ1*1.5 Cast iron sluice gate Chunguang 5+550 307.8 313.08 2.15 308.77 308.6 Box 1.5*1.2*0.4 34 PGZ1.5*1.5 Cast iron sluice gate Chunguang pump 5+877.5 308 312.69 3.16 307.41 307.16 Box 2*2*0.4 25 PGZ2*2 Cast iron station self- sluice gate drainage sluice Niushuiqiao pump 3+863.7 312 315.63 3.42 310.72 310.6 Box 2*2*0.4 24 PGZ2*2 Cast iron station self- sluice gate drainage sluice Hongmiao Gexin 2+350 316.5 319.73 4.31 314.032 313.312 Box 2*2*0.4 93.2 PGZ2.5*2.5 Plate sluice reinforce gate Yijia Garden 0+900 315.6 321.594 1.35 316.57 316.4 Box 1.2*1.2*0.4 34 PGZ1.2*1.2 Cast iron sluice gate Hongzhuan 2+228 314.1 319.71 1.75 315.065 314.9 Box 1.2*1.2*0.4 33 PGZ1.2*1.2 Cast iron Power Station sluice gate Old Power Supply 2+680 314.23 316.958 2.05 313.225 313.1 Box 1*1.5*0.4 25 PGZ1*1.5 Cast iron Chengbei Office sluice gate Agricultural open 3+996 312 314.336 1.1 312.91 312.8 Box 1*1*0.4 20 PGZ1*1 Cast iron market sluice gate Entrance of 0+850 3180.823 4 313.803 313.713 Box 2*2*0.4 5 PGZ2*2 Cast iron Chuancheng sluice gate River Outlet of 3+750 312.5 314.541 4.78 310.5 310.5 Open 3.8*5.0 PGZ4*4.5 3 steel gates Chuancheng River Fishing yard 1+920 319.69 96.56 314.2 314.2 Open 5*5.829 5.6 PGZ5.6*5.0 Cast iron restriction gate gate

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 25 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

3.5.7. BORROW PITS

The required construction rock will be sourced from two sites at Longxipu and Shanlanpu, which are waste (abandoned) hills located approximately 7 and 13 km from the project site, respectively. Soil for earth dikes will be sourced in-situ near the dikes at 4 borrow pits in Liujiajiao, Zhongjia Yard, Majia Bridge and Kaifaqu, which are located between 0.5 and 1.5 km from the dike locations. These sites are currently scrubland, and are not used for agriculture, though there are a small number of people to be resettled (about 12 persons). Main building material quantities required for Subproject construction are summarized in Table 3-6.

The project will require about 322,500 worker days, as well as 54,588 t of concrete, 277 t of steel reinforcing bar, 63,939 m3 of sand, 54,379 m3 of gravel, 66,975 m3 of large diameter stones, and 345,044 m3 of clay.

TABLE 3-6: MAIN BUILDING MATERIAL QUANTITIES

Works Unit Quantities 1 Earth Excavation m3 156,265 2 Gravel Excavation m3 292,300 3 Stone Excavation m3 3,313 4 Earth Backfill m3 428,033 5 M 7.5 Mortar Rubble m3 53.649 6 Concrete m3 54,589 7 Pre-cast concrete m3 11,892 8 Reinforcing Steel Bar t 277 9 High Pressure Grouting m 20,395

3.5.8. NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURES

Non-structural measures refers to those aspects of flood management that do not specifically require civil works as a major element for their implementation, This includes a mixture of broader river basin catchment management activities (land use planning, land management, erosion control, rainfall-runoff containment, utilization of natural basin characteristics for temporal stormwater runoff storage), as well as rainfall-runoff monitoring, flood forecasting and flood event management (alert, warning, decision making, community communication, flood response and subsequent flood recovery). In essence, the non-structural measures involve activities that do not directly control the formation and passage of the flood (as do the structural works such as dikes, detention ponds, sluice gates, pumps and other specific flood management physical infrastructure).

For Wugang, which lies at the upper end of the Zishui catchment (on the Nanshui), the scope for non-structural measures will be related to mitigating actual runoff from the upland areas (land management in the form of terracing, anti-erosion measures in the mountainous gulleys, reforestation, and modified cropping to better restrain runoff at critical periods). To some extent, some of these measures actually require some physical measures, but not in the form of major flow management structural interventions.

Additionally, there is a need for some improved rainfall and runoff monitoring, data acquisition, communications, forecasting and flood warning response systems, as a component within the overall Zishui basin flood forecasting and control system. There is no hydrologic station currently in Wugang, and there is only one rainfall station (Weixi) that is directly upstream of Wugang. Thus, the ability for Wugang to be effectively forewarned of a developing flood risk is low, as it only becomes apparent because of the broader weather forecasting for the region,

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and direct measurement of rainfall within the immediate environs of Wugang. If Wugang is seen as a significant regional center, and is to play its part in the broader flood management of the Zishui basin, then it will be necessary to enhance the local area data acquisition, communications, flood warning and flood management capability, in conjunction with strengthening the overall Zishui basin flood monitoring, forecasting, warning and response/recovery systems.

Specific details for the particular flood monitoring, communication, forecasting and warning systems need further review4, as part of the overall integrated flood management approach for the Zishui basin. However, at this stage, it is appropriate to consider setting aside a provisional sum that will cover some or all of the following:

- Preparation of plans for Wugang City that are part of a fully integrated catchment water resource and flood management plan, suitably quantified and resourced for effective implementation in the long term;

- Determination of the strengths and weaknesses of the current flood management systems, resources, methodology, equipment and financing, in order to provide appropriate inputs to fulfill real needs, and be sustainable over the long term;

- Examine and plan the development of personnel skills and facilities to ensure the flood management activities can be undertaken with confidence and reliably, within an holistic river basin system.

- Consider and plan for the short, medium and long term maintenance and succession of the systems, operators, equipment and facilities.

This planning should also be undertaken in conjunction with other non-structural catchment management activities, as well as the structural works, in order to ensure the more complete integrated approach to flood management in particular, and river basin management as a whole. The non-structural options need to be addressed as a matter of priority in order to more fully ensure integrated solutions are developed in conjunction with the proposed civil works.

3.5.9. BUDGET

The total cost of the Wugang Urban Flood Control Subproject is estimated at $12.65 million (equivalent to CNY 104.7 million), comprising $4.73 million in foreign exchange (37.4%) and $7.92 million (CNY 65.56 equivalent) in local currency costs, including local taxes of $0.38 million equivalent. Physical and price contingencies amount to $1.18 million and financial charges during implementation – comprising interest during implementation, front-end fees, and commitment charges – are estimated at $0.9 million. Subproject costs are summarized in Table 3-7 below.

TABLE 3-7: COST ESTIMATES FOR WUGANG URBAN FLOOD CONTROL SUBPROJECT ($ MILLION)

Foreign Local Total 1. Flood Control 3.15 6.39 9.54 2. Flood Management 0.23 0.02 0.25 3. Local Project Management 0.05 0.72 0.77 Total BASELINE COSTS 3.43 7.13 10.56 Physical Contingencies 0.34 0.7 1.04 Price Contingencies 0.05 0.09 0.14 Total PROJECT COSTS 3.83 7.92 11.74 Financial Charges During Implementation 0.9 - 0.9 Total Costs to be Financed 4.73 7.92 12.65

4 Non-Structural Measures Review, Sogreah, January 2005

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3.5.10. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

The overall time period for the Wugang Subproject is 37 months, including mobilization, site preparation, establishment of temporary facilities, implementation of the main works, testing and commissioning, and shutdown and clean up of the site.

The start up phase will occupy the first month. Construction work will commence in October of year 1, and the project will be completed in October of year 4. The main project construction period will be 24 months, to take place between November in Year 1 and September of year 4.

The overall implementation plan for Wugang Flood Control Subproject is presented in Table 3- 8.

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TABLE 3-8: WUGANG SUBPROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

2005 2006 2007 2008 No. Items 101112123456789101112123456789101112123456789101112

0 WUGANG SUBPROJECT

I PREPARATORY WORKS

II MAIN WORKS CONSTRUCTION

1 North of City

1.1 Dikes

1.2 Culvert Gate, Pumping Station

2 South of City

2.1 Dikes

2.2 Culvert Gate, Pumping Station

3 Hongmiao Protection Area

3.1 Dikes

3.2 Culvert Gate, Pumping Station

4 Drainage Collection Channel

4.1 Drainage Collection Channel

5 River Dredging

5.1 River Dredging

III COMPLETION

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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCES

4.1.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS

Hunan Province is enclosed by mountains and hills to the east, south and west, and drains northwards to the Yangtze River. Mountains and hills occupy approximately 75% of the province, and the remaining low lying area (Dongting Lakes) is part of the Yangtze River floodplain. The majority of Hunan Province is formed by the mountainous natural catchments of the four major tributary rivers which flow into the Yangtze River. The center and northern parts of the province are generally low, forming a U-shaped basin with the Dongting Lakes at its center.

Wugang City is surrounded by mountains on the east, south and west, with an open river valley to the north. The Nanshui passes through the urban area from the southwest to the northeast. The Chuancheng (through city) River passes through the city center from west to east, and joins the Nanshui just upstream of the Yudai Bridge.

Wugang is located on both sides of the Nanshui where the river valley is open and flat. Relative to the river the adjacent land is low, with an average elevation of between 310 and 340 m. In general the banks of the Nanshui and Chuancheng rivers are below 320 m. The Nanshui River traverses the valley flood plain, where terraces, sandbanks and islands have formed over time. Grade I terrace lands are 2 to 3 m higher than the riverbed, and are fairly broad and open. Grade II and III terraces are found on both sides of the valley, where the upland hilly characteristics means they are generally outside the flood prone areas. The urban area of Wugang, especially the old city, is mostly located on Grade I terrace land.

The area that has been surveyed for the construction of the proposed flood protection works is all classified as Grade I terrace land, and ranges in elevation from 320 m at the upstream side of the city (Dutou) to 310 m at the downstream side (Qing’an Weir).

4.1.2 GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY

A geological survey for the Wugang Subproject was undertaken by the Shaoyang Hydraulic and Hydropower Design Institute in early 2004 (Table 4-1).

TABLE 4-1: QUANTITIES OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR DIKES AND STRUCTURES

Boreholes Undisturbed Soil Sample Borehole Quantity Drilling Depth (m) (Group) 41 578.7 12

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The strata in the Subproject Study Area (SSA) are from the upper Carboniferous period, the Pleistocene period and Holocene period. The topsoil is from the Quaternary period. The stratum description from top to bottom is as follows:

- Random fill: silty clay, brick debris and domestic rubbish, with loose texture and discontinuous distribution, 1 to 2.5 m thick.

- Silty clay: yellow, plastic, with a general thickness of 0.4 to 3.0 m.

- Silt: particularly for the Chengnan (South City) flood control dikes, dark yellow, moderately dense, with a thickness of 1 to 2.5 m.

- Sand and gravel: composed of limestone and quartz sandstone, 3 to 5 m thick.

- Silt with gravel: including a small amount of mud, 1.5 to 2.5m thick.

- Sand and gravel: mainly of limestone and quartz sandstone, 2.5 to 4.5 m thick.

- Limestone: stiff, located at the bottom of the strata in the Subproject study area.

According to The Seismic Zoning Map of China with Earthquake Parameters (1992), the seismic intensity in the Subproject study area is classified as below VI degrees, indicating a suitable degree of seismic stability.

4.1.3 CLIMATE

Wugang is located in a wet subtropical region, and the climate is predominantly hot and humid in the summer and cold and dry in the winter. The change of seasons between spring and summer, and summer and autumn bring respectively cyclonic (monsoon) and typhoon rainfall patterns from the southwest or southeast. As these weather systems rise and cool over the mountains at the top of the Nanshui and Chuancheng catchments heavy rains can occur.

Based on data recorded at the Wugang and Weixi meteorological stations between 1957 and 1995 the annual average temperature is 16.9 oC, with a range between summer and winter of 39.3 oC to -8.4 oC. The average annual rainfall is 1,400 mm, but the distribution is uneven over the year, with just 50.9 mm in December, and with 225.8 mm on average in May. An average of 42% of the yearly precipitation rain falls between April and June (588 mm), whereas from July to September the proportion is 23% (323 mm). The maximum daily rainfall recorded at the Weixi station was 191 mm in 1995. Average wind speed is low, at 1.4 m/s, whilst the maximum recorded wind speed was 20.7 m/s.

There is no hydrologic station within the Wugang City area, though rainfall is recorded at Wugang Meteorological Station. Weixi reservoir on the Yuxi river, which has a 115 km2 catchment, joins the Nanshui river about 2 km upstream of Tinyunqiao (the center of Wugang). With a storage volume of 32.8 million m3 this reservoir can attenuate the overall peak discharge in Wugang to some degree, though data on this is limited, and the overall effect will be small, given the balance of the catchment area (493 km2) which remains unregulated. The Huangqiao hydrologic station, located 50 km downstream of Wugang, has been operating since 1954 and provides a fairly good relationship of runoff to rainfall in the upper catchment. In the hydrology analysis the data from Huangqiao, Weixi and Wugang was found to be generally consistent and reliable.

Climate characteristics for the SSA, based on data recorded at the Wugang Meteorological Station, are presented in Table 4-2.

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TABLE 4-2: CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS, SUBPROJECT STUDY AREA

Parameters Unit Amount Notes Average annual hours of sunshine h 1505.4 Average annual temperature oC 17.7 August 17 Highest temperature oC 39.3 1972 February 3 Lowest temperature oC 8.4 1977 Average annual precipitation mm 1400 Maximum daily precipitation mm 191 Weixi, 1995 Average number of rain days per year d 178 N to S in winter Dominant yearly wind direction S to N in summer Average annual wind speed m/s 1.4 Maximum wind speed m/s 20.7 April 12,1973

4.1.4 SURFACE WATER

4.1.4.1 HYDROLOGY

The main rivers in Wugang urban area include the Nanshui and two of its branches, Yuxi and Chuancheng.

The Nanshui River is the western main tributary to the Zishui. The upper catchment is predominantly mountainous to the south, west and east of Wugang, with narrow valleys, steep mountains and upland runoff to the river system. It enters Wugang at Niushi bridge in Chengbu town, and transects Wugang city from southwest to northeast over a distance of 7.15 km (starting at Bengshang temple and ending at Yangjia dam). It has an average width of 90 m, a maximum width of 180 m at Baisha bar, and a minimum width of 60 m immediately downstream of Tiyun bridge. The average gradient is 6.86%.

The Yuxi River, a primary branch of Nanshui, originates from the northeastern side of Longxu mountain in Xinning town, passes Wangjiatian in Xinning town and Jiangkou and Baishamiao in Bucheng town from south to north, and finally flows into Nanshui at Tianxin bridge in Chengxi county. It has a total length of 36.0 km, a total watershed area of 129 km2, and an average gradient of 16.3%. Weixi reservoir is located on the lower reach of the Yuxi river, just 8 km upstream of Wugang, and has a catchment area of 115 km2.

The Chuancheng River, a branch of Nanshui on its left bank, passes through the old urban area of Wugang from west to east, and joins the Nanshui River just upstream of Yudai bridge. It has a total length of 19 km, 3.5 km of which passes through densely developed urban areas. Its average width is between 15 m and 20 m, with a maximum width of 24 m at HeKou. The average gradient is 13.3%.

4.1.4.2 FLOODING

Wugang city is located on the upstream reach of the Zishui catchment, and floods in Wugang are nearly always due to rainfall further upstream. Flood events are characterized by intense rainfall over the upper catchment, which concentrates quickly in the main river courses and leads to rapid water level. The maximum flood in recorded history in 1994 lasted for just 3 days, and its maximum discharge was 810 m3/s (control cross section at Tiyun bridge).

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Historically Wugang experienced floods in 21 years in the period from 1840 to 1949, with significant floods in 1898, 1924 and 1949. Since 1949 there have been floods in 19 out of 51 years (to 2000), with significant floods in 1950, 1954, 1955, 1962, 1981, 1982, 1994 and 1996. Details on these significant floods are presented in Table 4-3.

TABLE 4-3: SIGNIFICANT FLOOD AND DRAINAGE EVENTS IN WUGANG CITY

Items Affected Collapsed Direct Economic Affected Population Deaths Area Houses Losses (104) (No.) Year (104 mu) (No.) (104 CNY)

1898 0.85 1.42 105 680 1924 0.94 1.73 120 1,310 1949 1.5 0.52 34 760 1950 0.87 0.32 40 1,060 1954 1.20 1.24 117 3 2,800 1955 1.64 0.68 39 3 1,670 1961 1.55 0.58 98 7 2,100 1962 1.83 0.61 72 1,650 1968 2.54 0.59 21 1,300 1975 2.51 0.60 18 1,180 1984 2.9 0.61 29 1 2,250 1993 3.8 0.64 25 3,660 1994 7.2 0.75 12 2 8,500 1996 7.1 0.72 8 1 7,200 1997 4.6 0.67 2 2,400

1994 was the worst year for economic losses and population affected, 1961 the worst for deaths and damage to property, and 1924 and 1954 were the worst years for area inundated.

4.1.4.3 DRAINAGE

Whilst the river is in flood, which generally lasts from 1 to 3 days per event, high water levels in the river can impede local drainage within the city, which causes local short term water logging.

4.1.4.4 WATER QUALITY

The Nanshui is the main water source for Wugang City, and is also the main water body for receiving urban sewage and industrial waste effluents. At present industrial enterprises in the city discharge about 3830 t/a industrial wastewater to the Nanshui and the Chuancheng Rivers. The main pollutants in this waste stream are COD, suspended solids, volatile phenols, grease and oil.

Under the Zishui basin water use zoning process the Nanshui River between 1 km upstream of the water intake for the Dengyuantai Town Water plant and 0.1 km upstream of Dutou Bridge (total length 15.5 km) is classified as a Class II water source protection zone, while the river reach between 0.1 km upstream of Dutou bridge and 200 m downstream of the water intake for the Wugang city Water Supply Plant (total length 3.8 km) is classified as a Class I water source protection zone. Water quality in Class I water source protection zones are evaluated against Class II water standards specified in the Quality Standards for Surface Water Environment (GB3838-2002) (see Table 4-4). Water quality in Class II water source protection zones are evaluated against Class III water standards.

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TABLE 4-4: BASIC PARAMETERS, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATER (GB3838-2002), NATIONAL STANDARDS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No. Parameters (mg/L) Water Quality Class I II III IV V 1 Temperature(°C) The maximum average weekly water temperature variations caused by human activities should be ≤1 increase, and ≤2 decrease. 2 pH 6-9 3 Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 90% (or 7.5) 6 5 3 2 4 Permanganate Index ≤ 2 4 6 10 15

5 CODMn ≤ 15 15 20 30 40

6 BOD5 ≤ 3 3 4 6 10

7 NH4—N ≤ 0.15 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 8 Total P ≤ 0.02 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 (lake 0.01) (lake 0.025) (lake 0.05) (lake 0.1) (lake 0.2) 9 Total N ≤ 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 10 Cu ≤ 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11 Zn ≤ 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 - 12 F ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 13 Se ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 14 As ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 15 Hg ≤ 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 16 Cd ≤ 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 17 Pb ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 6+ 18 Cr ≤ 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 - 19 CN ≤ 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 Volatilized Hydroxybenzene ≤ 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 21 Oil ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 22 Anionic Surfactant ≤ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2- 23 S ≤ 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 24 Faecal coliform bacteria 200 2000 10000 20000 40000 (Number/L) ≤ Source: Unofficial translation of Chinese original, Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), National Standards of the People's Republic of China.

Water quality in Wugang is monitored by the Wugang City Environmental Monitoring Station, located near the intake to the municipal water supply treatment plant at Nabshui (Class I water source protection zone). In 2003 13 parameters were measured, including PH, total hardness, nitrite, volatile phenol, coliform group, etc. Based on an analysis of the 2003 results average pH was 7.87, average total hardness was 4.41 (Deutschland degree), average nitrite was 0.422 mg/L, average volatile phenol was 0.0047 mg/L, average arsenic was 0.0047 mg/L, and average coliform group was 19,022 /L. Parameters that failed to meet the standard include nitrite, volatile phenol, and coliforms, with coliform exceeding the standard by 90.2% and volatile phenol exceeding the standard by 33.3%.

The Shaoyang Environmental Monitoring Station monitors water quality at cross sections of the Zishui (downstream of where the Nanshui drains into the Zishui). Twenty-five parameters are monitored including pH, SS, total hardness, DO, BOD5, NH4-N, total phosphate, coliform group,

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petroleum, etc. An analysis of the monitoring results from 2000 through 2003 indicates that each station on the Zishui has some degree of pollution. The main pollutants are volatile phenol, total phosphate and coliforms.

4.1.5 GROUNDWATER

Ground water in the Subproject study area is found in the porous sand and gravel layers at a general depth of about 2 m. Other than when recharged by rainfall the groundwater is mainly related to the river water level. Rainwater recharge rates tend to be distinctly seasonal.

The groundwater contains high levels of calcium carbonate, whereas the surface water has a neutral PH value and will therefore not be corrosive to concrete.

4.1.6 AIR QUALITY

The airshed encompassing the SSA is zoned as Class II in the PRC Regional Ambient Air Quality Function Zoning (HJ14-1996) and air quality is therefore evaluated against the Class II standards specified in Quality Standards for Environmental Atmosphere (GB3095-1996). The Wugang City Environment Monitoring Station has 3 monitoring points for atmospheric quality in the urban area, and samples parameters such SO2, NO2, and TSP on a monthly basis. Table 4- 5 presents an analysis of the monitoring results from 2003.

TABLE 4-5: SUMMARY OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS IN THE SUBPROJECT STUDY AREA, 2003 (UNIT: UG/M3)

Item SO2 NO2 TSP Evaluation Standard 0.06 0.05 0.20 Number of Samples 110 110 110 Annual Average 0.08 0.01 0.203 Amount Standard Exceeded 33.3% - 1.5%

In no cases did the daily average concentration of NO2 exceed the standard during 2003. However, the daily averages for SO2 and TSP exceeded the respective standards in both winter and fall. SO2 is one of the main causes of acid rain, and the pH value of the rainfall in Wugang City is 4.52 on average. Values as low as 3.25 have been recorded, making acid rain a serious pollution issue.

4.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

4.2.1 VEGETATION

The Wugang area is part of the subtropical evergreen/broad-leaf forest zone. Vegetation cover in the area bounded by Wugang county is estimated at 30-50%. However, there is little remaining natural forest within the Nanshui watershed in the area surrounding Wugang, and existing forests are primarily commercial timber plantations, cash crops and bushes and other commercial forestry enterprises.

There is relatively little natural vegetation in the SSA and the SEIA. Vegetation along the Nanshui River primarily consists of small crop plots, abandoned fields and “waste” lands that

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are covered with mixed grasses and some small shrubs, and a thin protective band of mixed trees (predominantly Black Italian poplar and birch) and shrubs along the river bank edges in the rural areas. In the more urban areas houses and commercial buildings and roads have completely displaced all natural vegetation.

There are no records of rare or endangered flora or historic trees in the SSA or SEIA.

4.2.2 TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC WILDLIFE

Most of the Wugang area is urban or semi-urban, and as noted above there is very little natural habitat remaining in the in the SEIA, and consequently there are also few remaining faunal species. Terrestrial animals in the SEIA primarily consist of amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, as well as farm animals. There are no protected or endangered terrestrial or aquatic species in the study area.

4.2.3 FISHERIES

There are more than 20 species of economic fishes in the Zishui system. However, there are no spawning or feeding areas within the river reaches in the SEIA, and there are no reports of any rare migratory or resident fish species.

4.2.4 PROTECTED AREAS AND NATURE RESERVE

There are no protected areas, nature reserves or natural parks in the SEIA.

4.3 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS

4.3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

As noted earlier, Wugang is a county-level city and has a total population in the County of 731,043 (2002). The population of the urban area in 2002 was 130,604, of which 48% were female and 52% male. The average family size is 3.54 persons.

4.3.2 ECONOMIC PROFILE

Wugang has recently developed into an industrial and commercial city and produces light industrial, food and agricultural products. There are 244 industrial enterprises in Wugang covering sectors such as electricity, machinery, building material, pharmacy, chemistry, textile, agricultural machinery, food processing, and rice and oil processing.

In 2003 the total GDP in Wugang County was CNY 2.6 billion, averaging CNY 3,540 per capita or about 51% of the average in Hunan Province (CNY 6,963). In terms of composition of GDP, the ratios of primary, secondary and tertiary sections are 50%, 13%, and 37% respectively, which indicates that the agricultural sector plays an important role in Wugang’s economy.

Per capita income in rural areas of Wugang County was CNY 2,150 in 2003, which is about 83% of the rural average in Hunan Province. The average area of farmland holding among the rural population was 0.74 mu, which is much less than the provincial rural average in 2003. Per

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capita income for urban residents was CNY 5,730 in 2003, which is about 20% lower than the provincial urban average. Table 4-6 provides a summary of economic information for Wugang.

TABLE 4-6: BASIC ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, WUGANG AND HUNAN PROVINCE (2002)

Economic Indicators Wugang County Hunan Province Total GDP (billion CNY) 2.4 4639 Per Capita GDP (CNY) 3284 6963 GDP in Agriculture Sector (Billion CNY) 1.2 88.65 Percent from Agricultural Sector 49.5 19.1 GDP in Industrial Sector (Billion CNY) 0.3 179.42 Percent from Industrial Sector 13.1 38.7 GDP in Tertiary Sector (Billion CNY) 0.9 195.81 Percent from Tertiary Sector 37.4 42.2 Annual Growth Rate of GDP (%) 7.0 9.6 Per capita farmland (mu) (1 ha = 15 mu) 0.74 1.30 Per capita income in rural area (CNY) 2043 2471.6 Per capita income in urban area (CNY) 5730 7074.6 Source: Wugang Statistical Yearbook 2003 and field survey.

The gross output of the agricultural sector in 2003 was CNY 1.2 billion, which was about half of the gross GDP. The main agricultural products included grain, oil seeds, vegetables, and citrus. The main animal products included cattle, pigs, and poultry. The total gross industrial output value in Wugang amounted to CNY 272.1 million in 2003, with 21% from light industry and 79% from heavy industry. State owned and collectively owned enterprises shared the production equally. The main industrial products include coal, timber, cement and agricultural by-products.

4.3.3 POVERTY PROFILE

Though Wugang County is not a poverty counties as defined by the provincial or central government, it does contain 6 towns/townships (Suanpai, Dengjiapu, Qingqiao, Choushutang, Antian, and Shuiqinping), and 172 villages that have been given a poverty designation by the Hunan provincial government. Most of these townships and villages are located in the south- eastern part of Wugang where the natural conditions are poor.

In 2002, there were 189,000 poor persons in the rural areas of Wugang, accounting for 29% of the total rural population. In addition, urban poverty is becoming an increasing issue.

4.3.4 MINORITY PROFILE

There are no significant populations of ethnic minorities in the SSA, and in total there is only 183 ethnic minority persons, coming from the Miao, Hui, Dong, Bei, Mulao and Zang minorities. Most of them came to the urban area as a result of marriage or employment, and they are dispersed throughout the urban area. These minority persons Have the same rights to education and employment as the majority Han people and there are no obvious differences in their economic conditions and income levels.

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4.3.5 ARCHAEOLOGY, CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL PROFILE

There are no specially designated archaeology, cultural or recreational sites with the SEIA.

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5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

5.1 APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING

This chapter assesses potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed Subproject and recommends appropriate mitigation measures where necessary. Potential environmental impacts are analyzed by examining the impact of each stage of the Subproject implementation on the natural and human environment. Each component identified as having the potential for negative impacts is assessed in detail, including a review of potential impacts, recommendations for appropriate mitigation measures, recommendations for additional environmental analysis (if required), and analysis of residual impacts, if any.

The environmental screening is based on:

– a review of Government of China (GOC) publications, scientific literature, and previous technical and environmental impact studies;

– a review of available information on the Subproject design;

– consultation with local subproject Project Management Offices (PMOs), Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) and other agencies;

– relevant guidelines and policies of the Asian Development Bank (see Section 2.2);

– field visits and surveys.

The result of the screening of potential environmental impacts is summarized in Table 5-1 and presented in detail in Sections 5.2 to 5.4.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 39 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, WUGANG CITY SUBPROJECT

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources Environmental Issues Associated with Subproject Siting Land Acquisition Risk of serious (-) - All recommendations for compensation and - PMO 13.98 and Resettlement social inequities if - 15 ha of resettlement presented in the Wugang SPIA - Local EPB (FSP cost) compensation is permanent land and RP should be fully implemented. inadequate or acquisition - A Wugang Subproject Facilities Siting Plan inappropriate. including 7.65 (FSP) to be developed which appropriately ha farmland locates temporary worker camps, - 196 households construction facilities, soil and dredgate demolished disposal sites, etc, to minimize social and involving 792 environmental impacts people. - Wugang EPB to review and approve the - 11 enterprises FSP. demolished involving 636 employees. - 11 ha of temporary land acquisition. Encroachment into Risk of reducing (-) - All recommendations for compensation and - PMO - Refer to FSP Productive income generation - 7.65 ha of resettlement presented in the Wugang SPIA - Local EPB cost, above Agrosystems of affected families. permanent and RP should be fully implemented. farmland - Wugang EPB to review and approve the FSP acquisition so as to minimize temporary farmland including 6.75 acquisition for worker camps, construction ha of wet rice facilities, etc,. paddy and 0.9 ha of dry crop land. - Temporary acquisition of 11 ha includes some farmland.

5 All costs associated with compensation and resettlement are presented in the Resettlement Plans (RPs). 6 The full Environmental Management Plan (EMP) budget is presented in Table 7-1. Some cost categories included in Table 7-1, such as administration, training, site inspections, monitoring and government revegetation fee are not included in this table.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 40 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources Encroachment into Loss of ecological No sensitive - As part of the development of the FSP an - PMO - Refer to FSP Precious Ecological resources such as resources or ecological safeguard survey should be - Local EPB cost, above Areas wetlands and rare rare and undertaken to identify any potential sensitive - HHPDI and endangered endangered terrestrial or aquatic ecological resources. flora and fauna. flora and fauna - Wugang EPB to review and approve the FSP identified in so as to ensure no ecological resources are the SEIA. impacted. Encroachment on Loss of historical or No historical or - Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau to - PMO - Refer to FSP Historical or Cultural cultural features. cultural review the FSP so as to ensure no historical - Local EPB cost, above Features features or cultural features are impacted. - Local Public identified in Affairs and the SEIA Culture Relics Bureau - Contractor Impairment of Economic loss (-) - As part of the implementation of the SPIA - PMO - Cost of tran- Transportation - Temporary and RP, alternative access routes should be - Local Public sportation (access to fields or acquisition of 3 implemented and appropriate compensation Roads and alternatives settlement) bridges and a should be provided to affected persons. Transportation included in dike road. - The Public Roads and Transportation Administration capital Administration Bureau to be consulted to Bureau budget ensure access routes are not unduly affected - Contractor and that sufficient alternatives are provided. Loss of Mineral Economic loss Apparently no Resources mineral resources affected. Destruction of Economic loss (-) - As part of the implementation of the SPIA - PMO - Cost of Public Facilities - 1.51 km high and RP, any affected public facilities should - Contractor replacement voltage electric be replaced or repaired, and compensation of public line, 6.45 km low should be provided to any affected persons facilities voltage electric or enterprises. included in line, 3.12 km capital channel, etc. budget Environmental Issues Associated with Subproject Construction Hydrology Local hydrology Construction (-) - Best practice construction management and changes activities will - A new channel control to ensure that Chuancheng channel not affect for the construction does not lead to localized Localized flooding hydrology of Chuancheng flooding. Nanshui River. River terminus will be constructed.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 41 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources This will have short term impacts during construction. - The channel will be permanently modified. This will not affect overall hydrology significantly however. Water Quality Soil erosion may (-) A site construction EMP will be developed. - PMO 22.33 reduce water quality - Erosion from The EMP will require that: - Contractor and impact aquatic construction - All dike construction areas should have a ecology sites and source siltation fence protecting the Nanshui River rock and soil and Chuancheng Rivers from erosion and piles may siltation along the entire length of the reduce water construction site. quality in the - In addition, in areas classified as water Nanshui and source protection zones silt traps should be Chuancheng installed at natural drainage entry points in Rivers and in construction sites. local water - All other construction sites within 50 m of bodies. water bodies should have siltation fences on - Sediment levels the downstream drainage side to protect are already high against erosion and siltation. If these sites in the rivers. are near water source protection zones silt traps should also be installed on any drainage points. - Rock and dirt piles should be covered when not in use, and siltation fences and traps should be installed on the downstream drainage side if near water bodies. - Exposed dikes and ground surfaces should be protected with appropriate engineered and vegetative protection measures, including grass, cement, rip rap, etc. Construction waste (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor 13.16 water disposal may - Wastewater - Wastewater from concrete washing and - PMO reduce water quality from washing curing should only be directed to the local and impact aquatic and curing sewer system or local drainage channels

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 42 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources ecology concrete works near the construction site and not directly to (54,600 m3) may the Nanshui or Chuancheng Rivers. reduce water - Water from vehicle and equipment washing quality in the should be directed to the local sewer system Nanshui and or local drainage channels near the Chuancheng. construction site and not directly to the Nanshui or Chuancheng Rivers. Oils should be removed first as much as practical. - Receiving drainage ditches should be equipped with a bioswale and siltation traps prior to their discharge to any major receiving water body. Dredging may (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor 0.3 impact water quality - Dredging will - The amount of dredging is to be minimized. - PMO and affect municipal result in - No dredging should take place during fish water treatment localized and migratory or spawning seasons. plant short-term water - No dredging for construction materials (as quality opposed to increasing flow capacity) reductions. upstream of the water intake will be allowed. - Dredging done upstream of the municipal water treatment plant intake should be carefully scheduled in conjunction with the plant management so as to not impact the drinking water supply. Water intake should be stopped prior to the commencement of dredging, and no water intake will be allowed until any sediment plume has been fully dispersed and the SS levels return to within 5% of background levels. - Water quality during dredging should be monitored 500 m downstream of the site and activities should be halted if SS levels exceed relevant standards. - Public notice of any interruption to the water supply service should be provided a minimum of 2 weeks in advance. - Compensation to the water treatment plant for lost water withdrawal days may be required. Inappropriate (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor 13.16 sewage disposal - Approximately - Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of - Wugang could impact water 38,700 m3 1 for every twenty workers. Health and

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 43 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources quality domestic - All domestic wastewater from the workers Sanitation wastewater will camps should be discharged to the municipal Company be generated. sewerage system.. - On-site sewage will be collected as necessary by the Wugang Health and Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - Regular cleaning and disinfection of the toilets should be undertaken so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes. Solid Waste Inappropriate spoil (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor 5.03 disposal may reduce - 73,044 m3 spoil - Maximum use should be made of on site - PMO overall will be excavated materials so as to minimize spoil environmental generated. production. quality - The disposal sites should be identified in the FSP, and should not be in or near any sensitive areas. - Spoil disposal should only be allowed in designated sites. - Erosion protection measures such as silt fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented. - Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be re-vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs. Inappropriate (-) . - The EMP will require that: - Contractor construction rubble - Construction - Maximum use should be made of on - PMO disposal may reduce rubble will be construction rubble as fill where/ if overall generated with appropriate. environmental building - Rubble should only be stored on sites quality demolition and temporarily, and should be land filled if space dike is available, or disposed of in a designated rehabilitation. construction waste disposal site as approved by the Wugang EPB. Inappropriate (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor dredgate disposal - 292,000 m3 of - The dredgate disposal sites should be - PMO may reduce overall sand and gravel identified in the FSP, and should not be in or environmental will be dredged. near any sensitive areas. quality - Disposal should only be allowed in designated sites. - Erosion protection measures such as silt

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 44 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented. - Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs. Inappropriate (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor 27.09 domestic solid - 322,500 kg of - Waste containers will be provided at a rate of - Wugang waste may reduce domestic waste 1 for every twenty workers. Health and overall will be produced - Domestic solid waste produced by Sanitation environmental by construction construction workers must be deposited into Company quality workers. waste containers. - Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Wugang Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Wugang landfill site.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 45 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources Air Quality Dust may reduce air (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor 6.0 quality - Dust from - Transportation roads within the construction transportation site should be hardened. machinery will - Transportation roads within the construction create dust site and the surrounding urban area should within 30 m of be regularly sprayed with water so as to roads. control dust. - Truck loads should be covered with an awning to prevent dust emissions. - - Dust may be - The cement transport and mixing process generated by should be carried out under closed cement conditions. Cement should be transported by transport and closed tankers, and should be conveyed to mixing. the concrete mixer by a closed cement pump. - - Soil piles should be covered unless being - Soil and spoil actively used. Piles should be sprayed with piles may water when not covered. Spoil and dredgate generate dust. piles should also be covered unless being actively used, and should be sprayed with water when not covered. - - For construction of dikes close to dense - Dike residential areas fiber texture protection construction in fences should be installed on the urban side urban areas of the dike to reduce air and noise pollution. may create localized dust problems. Vehicle emissions (-) - The EMP will require that: - Contractor 2.0 may reduce air - Vehicle and - All construction machinery and transportation quality heavy vehicles should be equipped with exhaust machinery emission systems that meet relevant PRC emissions will emission standards. have localized - Vehicle emission systems should be impact. inspected at constriction outset and then on a bi-annual basis.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 46 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources Noise Pollution Transportation and (-) The EMP will require that: - Contractor 1.9 heavy machinery - Potential for operation may affect noise impacts Noise from Transport Vehicles local peoples and where - vehicle overloading is prohibited; workers. construction is - horn operation in urban areas is prohibited; taking place in and Dike construction in densely - all vehicles should have functioning mufflers urban areas may populated urban that meet relevant standards. affect local residents areas. Noise from Heavy Machinery - all construction machinery should be in full compliance with the relevant standards; - low noise construction methods should be adopted wherever possible; - regular maintenance of machinery should be undertaken to reduce operational noises. - construction personnel working in high noise level situations should be provided with protective equipment and should not work continuously in such situations for more than 6 hours per day.

Dike Construction: - construction of dikes in urban areas is prohibited between from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am daily; - in areas that are particularly sensitive to noise (e.g. within 200 m of schools and hospitals), structural measures such as sound separation walls should be implemented. Compensation for high noise levels may also be required. Flora Threat to or loss of (-) - As part of the development of the FSP an - PMO - Refer to FSP important flora. - 15 ha land to ecological safeguard survey should be - Local EPB cost, above be undertaken to identify any potential sensitive permanently terrestrial or aquatic ecological resources. occupied and - Wugang EPB to review and approve the FSP 11 ha to be so as to ensure no ecological resources are temporarily impacted. occupied do not include Compensation vegetation should be planted at any rare or all suitable locations. Specifically:

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 47 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources endangered - native grasses should be planted along dikes flora, primary slopes in order to provide slope protection; forest or - all borrow pit areas should be fully re- - Contractor 10.50 special vegetated with appropriate native species of habitat. grass, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover; - all spoil disposal sites should be fully re- vegetated with grasses, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover. - Trees and vegetation to be planted in areas targeted for resettlement Fauna Threat to or loss of (-) - As part of the development of the FSP an - PMO - Refer to FSP important fauna. - 15 ha land to ecological safeguard survey should be - Local EPB cost, above be undertaken to identify any potential sensitive permanently terrestrial or aquatic ecological resources. occupied and - Wugang EPB to review and approve the FSP 11 ha to be so as to ensure no ecological resources are temporarily impacted. occupied do not include any rare or endangered fauna. Aquatic Life Dredging may (-) The EMP will require that: impact benthic and - Dredging of - The amount of dredging should be minimized other aquatic life 292,000 m3 of - No dredging should take place during fish sand and gravel migratory or spawning seasons. will have localized impacts, but areas are degraded habitat and do not support any rare or endangered aquatic flora or fauna. Public Health and Potential for disease (-) - A Health and Safety plan will be developed - PMO 13.5 Safety Protection at worker camps if Worker camp will that will specify the Health and Safety - Contractor sanitation is poor. generate: obligations of the contractor.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 48 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources - 322,500 kg of - Any worker who develops an infectious domestic waste. disease should receive adequate medical - 38,700 m3 care, and should be quarantined during the domestic infectious period. wastewater. - Any disease out break shall be reported to the relevant health authorities immediately. All instructions issued by the health authorities to deal with the outbreak shall be immediately implemented. - Workers must be provided with protective gear as required by the PRC Labor Law (1994) and relevant Hunan provincial regulations. - The maximum working shift is 8 hours per day. - In high noise conditions a maximum of 6 hours per day only is permitted. - Best practice on and off site safety practices to be implemented, including limiting vehicle speeds, fencing unsafe sites, etc. - In addition, see the requirements noted above for domestic waste and sewage.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 49 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Activities/ Potential Impacts Significance of Impact Recommended Mitigation Measures Responsible Estimated Threatened No Significant Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Agency Budget Environmental and Impact Low Medium High (104 CNY) 5 6 Social Resources Environmental Issues Associated with Subproject Operation Hydrology Modifications to (+) hydrology and - Reduction in flooding. flooding in protection zones Water Quality Reduction in water (-) (+) - A small detention and settling pond should - PMO - Cost quality. - Improved - Improved flood be added at the drainage culvert sluice at incurred drainage may protection will Zhuzhichang. This will allow the majority of beyond slightly increase reduce pollutants to settle out before discharge into project pollution loads ecological the River. duration at Zhuzhichang. damage and water pollution form flood events Flora and Fauna Impacts on No negative (+) important flora and impacts on - Flood protection fauna. flora and will reduce fauna. damage to flora and fauna within the protection zone. Air Quality Air quality reduction (-) - Maintain roads adequately to control dust - PMO - Cost - Slight increase levels. incurred in dust beyond emissions from project dike roads. duration Traffic Changes to traffic (+) patterns. - Improved flood protection will reduce flood related traffic disruptions. - Dike roads will improve road and traffic safety conditions. Public Safety (+) - Improved flood protection will enhance public safety.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 50 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

5.2 SITING

5.2.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

5.2.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Siting of the proposed Subproject will affect 4 townships (sub-district and towns), 23 administrative villages and 53 village groups in Wugang City. According to the Wugang Social and Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA) study about 15 ha of land will be permanently acquired during the project implementation. Of this about 51% (7.65 ha) is farmland and the remaining 49% (7.35 ha) is orchards, housing plots, state owned urban land and waste or abandoned land. Approximately 11 ha of land will be occupied temporarily during the construction phase for worker camps, construction facilities, spoil disposal, etc.

In addition to the land acquisition a total of 19,704 square meters of urban buildings will be demolished, including 14,486 square meters of residential houses and 5,218 square meters of non-residential structures. The demolition will affect 196 households and 792 persons, as well as 11 commercial enterprises and 636 employees.

5.2.1.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The Wugang Subproject SPIA and Resettlement Plan (RP) have been prepared in accordance with the standards and requirements of the PRC Land Administration Law7 (1998) and the associated Hunan Provincial Implementation Decree (2000), as well as the ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented.

A Wugang Subproject Facilities Siting Plan (FSP) should be developed which appropriately locates temporary worker camps, construction facilities, etc, so as to minimize social and environmental impacts. Emphasis should be placed on siting these facilities in areas that have minimal existing settlements and productive systems. The FSP should be submitted to the Wugang EPB and for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in excessive social impacts then the plan should be modified until Wugang EPB approval is obtained.

5.2.1.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

Implementation of the recommendations in the SPIA and the RP, and appropriate siting of the facilities should ensure that the living standards of the affected persons are maintained and/or improved. However, some displaced persons may have difficulty adjusting to the new location and may have social problems with the local residents.

7 Stipulates the regulations for land compensation, resettlement subsidies, crop compensation, house compensation and other measures to carry out resettlement.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 51 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

5.2.2 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

5.2.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

A total of 7.65 ha of farmland will be permanently acquired by the project, consisting of 6.75 ha of wet rice paddy and 0.9 ha of dry crop land. Based on per capita farmland in the affected villages the farmland acquisition will affect 221 households and 565 persons. On average, each affected person will lose 0.013 ha of farmland, which represents an average loss of 4.6% of their current farmland.

Temporary land acquisition for worker camps, construction facilities may also have a short-term impact on farmland.

5.2.2.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the Wugang SPIA and RP should be fully implemented.

The FSP should emphasize the appropriate siting of worker camps, construction facilities, etc, so as to minimize temporary farmland acquisition. The FSP should be submitted to the Wugang EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in excessive temporary farmland loss then the plan should be modified until Wugang EPB approval is obtained.

5.2.2.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

5.2.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

5.2.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

There are no precious ecological resources, sensitive areas or rare flora and fauna identified in the SEIA. There will be some small scale impacts on resident fauna such as amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, and on resident flora, but it will be limited and is not considered significant.

5.2.3.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Although no precious ecological resources, sensitive areas or rare flora and fauna have been identified to date, the development of the FSP should include an ecological safeguard survey of all areas where facilities will be sited, including the borrow pit areas and the waste soil and dredgate disposal areas. Facilities should not be sited within 50 m of any areas of natural wetland, rare and endangered flora and fauna or other sensitive ecosystem that may be identified (none have been to date).

The FSP should be submitted to the Wugang EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Wugang EPB approval is obtained.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 52 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

5.2.3.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

5.2.4 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUES

5.2.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

There are no historical or cultural areas identified in the SEIA, and impacts on these resources are not anticipated.

5.2.4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

As part of the FSP approval process the Wugang EPB should consult the Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau to ensure that no historical or cultural areas will be affected.

5.2.4.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

5.2.5 TRANSPORTATION

5.2.5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The Subproject will temporarily appropriate or affect three bridges and a dike road. This may reduce access for some farmers to their fields and access for some people to their residences.

5.2.5.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

As part of the implementation of the SPIA and RP, alternative access routes should be provided and appropriate compensation should be provided to affected persons. The Public Roads and Transportation Administration Bureau should be consulted to ensure that access routes are not unduly affected and that alternative routes provided are sufficient to meet the needs of the affected persons.

5.2.5.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

Any negative impacts will be minimal and short-term. No significant residual impact is anticipated. Long term positive benefits will be gained from the improved dike roads.

5.2.6 MINERAL RESOURCES

5.2.6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The dike and flood works project will not cause any loss of mineral resources. The temporary land acquisition in the borrow pits and spoil area will have no significant effect on the exploitation of any identified or potential mineral resources.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 53 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

5.2.7 PUBLIC FACILITIES

5.2.7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The building or extension of the dikes will affect existing public facilities including 2.5 km of pathway, 3 road bridges, 1.51 km high voltage electric line, 6.45 km low voltage electric line, 13 transformer substations, 1.42 km postal line, 1.4 km broadcasting line, 3.12 km trench, 20 culverts, and 4 electric-powered irrigation stations.

5.2.7.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

As part of the implementation of the civil works any affected public facilities will be replaced or repaired. In addition appropriate compensation should be provided to affected persons or enterprises.

5.2.7.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

5.3 CONSTRUCTION

5.3.1 HYDROLOGY

5.3.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The construction of the Subproject will not cause any significant impact on the hydrology of the Nanshui River. Dike construction is along river edges and involves no in-channel activities. Bridge expansion and dredging will have very localized and short-term impacts, but will provide long term benefits in terms of increased flow capacity.

The construction of a new channel for the terminal portion of the Chuancheng River will modify the hydrology during the construction phase, and if not implemented appropriately may lead to localized flooding.

The modification to the Chuancheng River layout will be permanent. This is not anticipated to have any significant impacts to hydrology however, other than diverting the river flow to the Nanshui by a more direct route, and reducing flooding in the urban areas of Wugang where the old channel is located.

5.3.1.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Construction methods should be implemented so as ensure that the Chuancheng channel construction does not lead to localized flooding.

5.3.1.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

No significant residual impact is identified.

SOGREAH - July 2005 PAGE 54 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - T.A. NO. 4324-PRC HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT R4 (E2): WUGANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

5.3.2 WATER QUALITY

5.3.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Surface erosion from construction activities along the Nanshui and Chuancheng Rivers may lead to a modest reduction in the quality of the river water and of any affected local water bodies. Potential construction sites where erosion may occur include the dikes and the culvert sluices, the borrow pits, and the spoil and dredgate disposal sites. An estimate of worst-case erosion rates is presented in Table 5-2. However, erosion to a large extent can be mitigated, and given the existing high levels of erosion and sediment in the watershed it will only have a modest impact.

TABLE 5-2: WORST CASE ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL SOIL LOSS (UNMITIGATED)

Disturbed Ground Disturbed Vegetation Potential Soil Item 4 (ha) (ha) Erosion (×10 t) Civil Works Areas 73.26 1.42 0.8 Borrows/Quarries 9.56 4.38 0.12 Spoil deposits 3.10 2.18 5.20 Other areas 3.70 0.94 0.886

Total 89.62 8.92 7.006

Washing and curing of concrete and construction of culvert sluices will generate wastewater at a rate of approximately 1 m3 wastewater per m3 of concrete produced. At that rate the Subproject construction will generate approximately to be 54,600 m3 of wastewater, which typically has a SS concentration of 300 to 500 mg/l and a PH value of 11 to 12. As the discharge of this wastewater will be over a wide area the discharge load from each individual construction site will be relatively low. The wastewater will be discharged into the ditches close to the construction site that will not directly impact on the river water quality.

Dredging of the river channel upstream of bridge sites in order to improve hydraulic efficiency will disturb the bottom sediments and will significantly increase the sediment content in the water column for short periods until the sediments are re-entrained. The impact will be localized and short-term, and the highest degree of impact is expected within a zone 500m downstream of the dredging sites. In these locations for short periods of time the maximum concentrations of SS may exceed the relevant standards. In the river reaches designated Class I water supply source protection zones (from 0.1 km downstream of Dutou bridge to 200m downstream of the water intake of the Wugang City Water Plant, a total length of 3.6 km), there are two dredging sites where this will be particularly important.

Wastewater from construction personnel mainly consists of domestic sewage and gray water, with an estimated loading rate of 120 l/person/d. The wastewater will be directed to the city sewerage system which discharges to the Nanshui downstream of the water supply intake. Sewage disposal is not expected to have a significant impact on water quality.

5.3.2.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

A Wugang Subproject construction EMP will be developed which will specify best-practice construction phase water quality protection measures as follows:

Soil Erosion Control – All dike construction areas should have a siltation fence protecting the Nanshui River and Chuancheng Rivers from erosion and siltation along the entire length of the construction site. These fences will also protect the rivers against construction rubble and garbage.

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– In addition, in areas classified as water source protection zones silt traps should be installed at natural drainage entry points in construction sites. – All other construction sites within 50 m of water bodies should have siltation fences on the downstream drainage side to protect against erosion and siltation. If these sites are near water source protection zones silt traps should also be installed on any drainage points. – Rock and dirt piles should be covered when not in use, and siltation fences and traps should be installed on the downstream drainage side if near water bodies. – Exposed dikes and ground surfaces should be protected with appropriate engineered and vegetative protection measures, including grass, cement, rip rap, etc.

Construction Wastewater Control – Wastewater from concrete washing and curing should only be directed to local drainage channels near the construction site and not directly to the Nanshui or Chuancheng Rivers. – Water from vehicle and equipment washing should be directed to the local sewer system or local drainage channels near the construction site and not directly to the Yuanjiang or Shuangxi Rivers. Oils should be removed first as much as practical. – Receiving drainage ditches should be equipped with a bioswale and siltation traps prior to their discharge to any major receiving water body.

Dredging Control – The amount of dredging is to be kept to an absolute minimum. – No dredging should take place during fish migratory or spawning seasons. – No dredging for construction materials (as opposed to increasing flow capacity) upstream of the water intake will be allowed. – Dredging done upstream of the municipal water treatment plant intake should be carefully scheduled in conjunction with the plant management so as to not impact the drinking water supply. Consideration should be given to stopping water intake prior to the commencement of dredging, and not resuming water intake until any sediment plume has been fully dispersed and the SS levels return to within 5% of background levels. – Water quality during dredging should be monitored 500 m downstream of the site and activities should be halted if SS levels exceed relevant standards. – Public notice of any interruption to the water supply service should be provided a minimum of 2 weeks in advance. – Compensation to the water treatment plant for lost water withdrawal days may be required.

Sewage – Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. – All domestic wastewater from the workers camps should be discharged to the municipal sewerage system. – On-site sewage will be collected as necessary by the Wugang Health and Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. – Regular cleaning and disinfection of the toilets should be undertaken so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes.

Safety – Best practice on and off site safety practices to be implemented, including limiting vehicle speeds, fencing unsafe sites, etc.

5.3.2.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of appropriate mitigations measures the impact on water quality will be limited. However, dredging will result in some significant although short-term impacts and will affect the operation of the water treatment plant. Additional compensation to cover the loss of

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water withdrawal during the dredging period and the necessity to find other temporary water sources may be required.

5.3.3 SOLID WASTE

5.3.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Solid wastes that will be generated by the Subproject during the construction phase includes spoils from the earthworks, dredgate from the river dredging, construction wastes, and domestic solid wastes produced by the workers:

– A total of 533,000 m3 of excavation will be undertaken for both permanent and temporary construction works, 188,000 m3 on-site, and 345,000 m3 from the borrow pits. A total of 390,000 m3 of fill will be utilized, 116,000 m3 from the site materials and the remainder form the borrow pits. A total of 73,000 m3 of spoil will be generated. Table 5-3 presents the cut and fill quantities and the cut and fill balance for the earthworks. – An as yet undefined amount of construction wastes and rubble will be generated. – A total of 292,000 m3 of sand and gravel will be dredged from the urban areas of the Nanshui River. – A total of 322,500 kg of domestic solid waste will be generated during the construction period (based on a total of 322,500 worker days during the construction period, and a per capita waste production of 1.0 kg). This will be produced over a large area, and if not collected and disposed of appropriately will result in a reduction in overall environmental quality.

TABLE 5-3: CUT AND FILL QUANTITIES AND BALANCE Cut and Fill Materials Balance 3 3 Activity Cut (m ) Fill (m ) Excavated Onsite From Borrow Pits Spoil (m3) (m3) (m3) Chengnan Dike 51,578 165,338 23,021 171,938 28,557 Laochengqu Dike 28,576 19,643 17,667 5,432 10,909 Hongmiao Dike 14,041 140,558 14,022 151,274 19 Re-channeling of 27,410 29,554 19,187 15,568 8223 Chuancheng river Renovation of Yudai Bridge 27,186 1,245 2,269 0 24,917 Water sluices 3,559 3,378 3,140 832 419 Pump stations 3,795 3,146 3,795 0 0 Flood diversion channels 31,818.6 27,879.11 32,786 0 0 Total 187,964 390,741 115,887 345,044 73,044

5.3.3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ON MITIGATION MEASURES

The EMP will specify waste management procedures as follows:

Spoils From Earthworks – Maximum use should be made of on site excavated materials so as to minimize spoil production – The disposal sites should be identified in the FSP, and should not be in or near any sensitive areas. – Spoil disposal should only be allowed in designated sites. – Erosion protection measures such as silt fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented.

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– Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be re-vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs.

Construction Wastes and Rubble – Maximum use should be made of on construction rubble as fill where/ if appropriate. – Rubble should only be stored on sites temporarily, and should be land filled if space is available, or disposed of in a designated construction waste disposal site as approved by the Wugang EPB.

Dredgate – The dredgate disposal sites should be identified in the FSP, and should not be in or near any sensitive areas. – Disposal should only be allowed in designated sites. – Erosion protection measures such as silt fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented. – Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs.

Domestic Waste – Waste containers will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. – Domestic solid waste produced by construction workers must be deposited into waste containers. – Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Wugang Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Wugang landfill site.

5.3.3.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts are localized and relatively short term.

5.3.4 AIR QUALITY

5.3.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The primary atmospheric pollutants generated during construction are dust and particulate matter produced during vehicle transport, cement mixing, and wind-generated soil erosion, and emissions from transport vehicles and heavy machinery.

Dust from construction vehicles arises from both erosion of the road surface and loss of soil from vehicle loads. Dust levels are generally highest within 30 m of either side of the road, and with increased distance the concentration decreases gradually towards background levels. In accordance with the general construction layout vehicle transportation routes will generally be along the river banks in the urban areas.

Construction will primarily be undertaken in the fall and winter when the atmosphere and roads are relatively dry, conditions that are conducive to dust generation. Dust will also arise from wind borne erosion of soil piles and spoil piles.

The main pollutants in transportation and heavy machinery emissions include NO2, CO, and SO2. Emission levels will be low when compared to the total vehicle emissions in the area.

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5.3.4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The transportation roads within the construction site should be hardened, and the transportation roads within the construction site and the surrounding urban area should be regularly sprayed with water so as to control dust. Truck loads should be covered with an awning to prevent dust emissions.

The whole cement transport and mixing process should be carried out under closed conditions. Cement should be transported by closed tankers, and should be conveyed to the concrete mixer by a closed cement pump.

Soil piles should be covered unless being actively used. Piles should be sprayed with water when not covered. Spoil and dredgate piles should also be covered unless being actively used, and should be sprayed with water when not covered.

For construction of dikes close to dense residential areas fiber texture protection fences should be installed on the urban side of the dike to reduce air and noise pollution.

All construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be equipped with exhaust emission systems that meet relevant PRC emission standards. Vehicle emission systems should be inspected at constriction outset and then on a bi-annual basis.

5.3.4.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts are localized and relatively short term.

5.3.5 NOISE POLLUTION

5.3.5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Noise will be generated during the construction phase from machinery (excavators, bulldozers, loaders and concrete mixers), construction activities, and transportation vehicles. Table 5-4 presents a summary of the estimated unmitigated peak noise levels at different locations. When evaluated against the Class II Standard (the continuous equivalent sound level in A scale shall not exceed 60 dB in the daytime and 50 dB in the night time) as specified in The National Standards for Environmental Noises in Urban Areas (GB 3096-93), it is apparent that there could be numerous exceedances of the standards which will negatively impact schools and residential areas close to the construction sites.

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TABLE 5-4: ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS ON AMBIENT SOUND ENVIRONMENT

Predicted sound level Exceeds Unit Stakes Distance (m) Remarks in A scale (dB) Standard? Financial area North 4+050~4+100 0~100 68~80 Yes North 1+740~1+840 0~100 68~80 North 4+200~4+300 200 or so 67 or so Residential areas, South 4+400~5+480 50~100 68~69 Yes cultural areas South 5+850~5+950 100~150 65~68 South 6+050~6+150 100~150 65~68 North 2+200~2+350 0~100 68~80 North 2+680~2+820 50~100 68~69 Enterprises and South 3+600~3+800 0~100 68~80 Yes agencies South 4+200~4+270 50~100 68~69 North 4+200~4+300 0~100 68~80 North 5+400~5+450 50~100 68~69 Gexin elementary North 2+350~2+400 100 or so 68 or so Yes Sensitive school Area Wugang 7th high North 2+250~2+350 100~150 65~68 school Gexin elementary South 2+680~2+750 100 or so 68 or so school Wugang Normal North 4+580~4+750 100~200 65~68 School Wugang 1st high North 5+600~5+650 100~200 65~68 school

5.3.5.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Noise from Transport Vehicles – vehicle overloading is prohibited; – horn operation in urban areas is prohibited; and – all vehicles should have functioning mufflers that meet relevant standards.

Noise from Heavy Machinery – all construction machinery should be in full compliance with the PRC Standards of Environmental Noise of Urban Areas (GB3096-93); – low noise construction methods should be adopted wherever possible; – regular maintenance of machinery should be undertaken to reduce operational noises. – construction personnel working in high noise level situations should be provided with protective equipment and should not work continuously in such situations for more than 6 hours per day.

Dike Construction: – construction of dikes in urban areas is prohibited between from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am daily; – in areas that are particularly sensitive to noise (e.g. within 200 m of schools and hospitals), structural measures such as sound separation walls should be implemented. Compensation for high noise levels may also be required.

5.3.5.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts are localized and relatively short term.

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5.3.6 FLORA

5.3.6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The dikes and associated engineering facilities of the Subproject will permanently occupy 15 ha of land, of which 7.65 ha is farmland and the remaining 7.35 ha is orchards, housing plots, state owned urban land and waste or abandoned land. Within this area the agriculture is generally cash crops and the vegetation on the uncultivated land generally consist of grasses and mixed bushes. There are no primary forests or rare or endangered flora, and as such the impact of the land acquisition on flora is considered to be low and localized.

Land which will be temporarily occupied by the Subproject includes the spoil and dredgate deposit sites and the borrow pits, all of which located in surrounding lowlands and hills; total area to be temporarily occupied is approximately 8 ha, including 2.42 ha farmland, 1.69 ha of scrub and mixed forest land, and 3.89 ha of waste or abandoned land. There are no primary forests or rare or endangered flora in these areas. The vegetation species to be cut in the forest land to be acquired are cash trees and mixed bushes, grasses and weeds.

The temporary land occupation will last no longer than the construction period (37 months). As the Subproject area has high rainfall, a good climate and comparatively good soil quality that is favorable for vegetation growth it is anticipated that re-vegetation of spoil areas will not be difficult. Based on experience with similar water resources projects, supported recovery of vegetation on temporarily occupied land normally takes three to five years. Overall, the impact of temporary land occupation on flora is low, localized and medium term in duration.

5.3.6.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

As noted previously, an FSP will be developed and submitted to the Wugang EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Wugang EPB approval is obtained.

Excavated materials should be used as much as possible as fill in the construction in order to reduce the quantities of spoil and the size of the spoil deposition sites. Spoil should only be disposed at sites designated in the FSR.

Compensation vegetation should be planted at all suitable locations. Specifically: – native grasses should be planted along dikes slopes in order to provide slope protection; – all borrow pit areas should be fully re-vegetated with appropriate native species of grass, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover; – all spoil disposal sites should be fully re-vegetated with grasses, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover; – trees and vegetation to be planted in areas targeted for resettlement.

5.3.6.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts from permanent land occupation are small, localized and long-term, and residual impacts from temporary land occupation are small, localized and relatively short term.

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5.3.7 FAUNA

5.3.7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

As noted above, the dikes and associated engineering facilities of the Subproject will permanently occupy 15 ha of land, of which 7.65 ha is farmland and the remaining 7.35 ha is orchards, housing plots, state owned urban land and waste or abandoned land. These areas are within an urbanized or semi-urbanized landscape, and do not contain significant areas of animal habitat or any rare or endangered fauna. The only impact will be on a limited area of habitat and feeding grounds for reptiles and rodents.

5.3.7.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

As noted previously, an FSP will be developed and submitted to the Wugang EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Wugang EPB approval is obtained.

Vegetation on land that is temporarily occupied (e.g. borrow pits, spoil disposal sites, etc) will be replanted, replacing some of the habitat that is lost.

5.3.7.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures and given the limited faunal value of the landscape the residual impacts from permanent land occupation are small and localized.

With the implementation of the mitigation measures and given the limited faunal value of the landscape the residual impacts from temporary land occupation are small and relatively short term.

5.3.8 AQUATIC LIFE

5.3.8.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Dredging in the Nanshui River (four sandbars in the vicinity, namely Baisha sandbar (South 0+900~1+430), Shuinanqiao (South 2+000~2+300), Xiaojiaba (North 0+770~1+100), and Agriculture Products Market (4+850~5+040) and two central bars close to Water Supply Plant (North 0+000~0+250) and Xiaojiaba (North 1+100~1+170)) will have an impact on the benthic biota in the vicinity. It is understood that these areas are not considered to be high quality aquatic habitat, and there are no reports of any rare or endangered aquatic flora and fauna in the vicinity of the sites. The dredging will thus have a localized and moderate impact on aquatic life.

5.3.8.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The amount of dredging should be minimized. Dredging during fish migratory or spawning seasons should be avoided if possible.

5.3.8.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of the mitigation measures and given the limited habitat value of the dredging sites, the residual impacts from dredging are short-term and localized.

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5.3.9 PUBLIC SAFETY

5.3.9.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

The establishment of the worker camps poses public health safety risks through infectious disease propagation if sanitation (sewage and solid waste management) is not appropriate. For example, as noted previously, a total of 322,500 kg of domestic solid waste will be generated during the construction period (based on a total of 322,500 worker days during the construction period, and a per capita waste production of 1.0 kg/day). This will be produced over a large area, and if not collected and disposed of appropriately will result in a reduction in overall environmental quality.

5.3.9.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

A Health and Safety plan will be developed that specifies the Health and Safety obligations of the contractor.

Health of Workers – Any worker who develops an infectious disease should receive adequate medical care, and should be quarantined during the infectious period. – Any disease out break shall be reported to the relevant health authorities immediately. All instructions issued by the health authorities to deal with the outbreak shall be immediately implemented. – Workers must be provided with protective gear as required by the PRC Labor Law (1994) and relevant Hunan provincial regulations. – The maximum working shift is 8 hours per day. – In high noise conditions a maximum of 6 hours per day only is permitted.

Domestic Rubbish: – Domestic solid waste produced by construction workers must be dumped into waste containers. – 1 waste container should be provided for every twenty workers. – Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Wugang Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Wugang landfill site.

Sewage – 1 temporary toilet will be provided for every twenty workers. – Sewage will be collected as necessary by the Wugang Health and Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. – Regular cleaning and disinfection should be done so as to avoid the breeding of flies and mosquitoes.

5.3.9.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT

With the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, any negative public safety impacts should be minimal. The positive health and safety impacts of the flood protection provided by the Subproject will be significant and long-term.

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5.4 OPERATION

5.4.1 HYDROLOGY

An analysis was undertaken of the water surface profile through Wugang, with and without the new dikes and other civil works (Table 5-5). It is estimated that the protection provided by the dikes will raise the peak flood level of the Nanshui by up to 0.4 m, though this will be marginally offset by increasing the capacity of the Nanshui by dredging 4 sandbars and 2 central bars in the river channel, and by increasing the flow capacity of the Yudai and Tiyun bridges. Drainage from the city area to the Nanshui will be modified, by the provision of drainage channels and pumping stations. However, the impact of these measures on the Nanshui hydrology is likely to be small. However, operation of the dykes and other civil works will lead to a significant reduction in flooding in the Subproject flood protection zones.

Table 5-5: Water Levels for Nanshui in Wugang City (Dike Spacing 100 m, 1 in 20 year return period)

Cumulative Observed Water Level for 1 in 20 Year Return (5%) Chainage and X-Section Without With Distance (m) Water Level 1994 Flood Project Project 0+000 0 318.06 321.87 323.87 324.11 0+210 u/s Dutou 210 318.42 321.35 323.52 323.85 0+240 d/s Dutou 240 317.41 320.65 322.82 323.21 1+150 Luozimiao 1,150 317.00 319.30 321.36 321.52 1+390 100m above the Zhangjia Dam 1,390 316.30 318.95 320.90 321.15 2+660 Hongzhuan power station 2,660 315.95 317.35 319.45 319.71 3+127 Xinkai Through-city River 3,127 315.80 316.51 318.69 318.92 4+018 30m u/s Tiyunqiao 4,018 312.76 315.05 316.44 316.74 4+043 u/s Tiyunqiao 4,043 312.03 314.95 316.37 316.69 4+048 Tiyunqiao 4,048 314.90 316.23 316.53 4+234 d./s Tiyunqiao 4,234 312.00 314.85 316.06 316.28 4+275 180m d/s Tiyunqiao 4,275 311.88 314.79 316.02 316.22 5+120 the Old through-city river 5,120 310.02 314.53 314.41 314.90 5+225 5m u/s Yudaiqiao 5,225 310.41 313.40 314.33 314.73 5+230 Yudaiqiao 5,230 313.34 314.05 314.48 5+260 30m d/s Yudaiqiao 5,260 310.31 313.32 314.00 314.43 5+520 5,520 309.04 313.01 313.59 314.10 6+790 u/s Qing’anyan 6,790 308.43 311.06 312.41 312.50 6+910 Qing’anyan 6,910 308.31 310.89 312.31 312.31 7+290 7,290 311.87 311.87 7+990 7,990 310.99 310.99

As the areas downstream of the city are rural areas with lower flood control standards, construction of the Subproject may slightly increase the risks of flooding the downstream areas, though this impact would likely be very minimal. Due to time and data limitations this risk has not been assessed.

Water levels in the revised alignment of the Chuancheng River were determined over a total of 2.8 km including the new channel and the backwater affected section of the existing channel (Table 5-6). Again the hydrology of the channel is not affected significantly, though flooding in the urban area of the old channel will be eliminated.

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Table 5-6: Water Level of the Chuancheng with Project (1 in 20 year return period)

Section No. Distance (m) Water Level (m)

CS1 0 318.92 CS2 500 318.92 CS3 950 318.95 CS4 1000 318.95 C5 1450 318.96 CS6 1950 319.33 CS7 2380 320.27

5.4.2 WATER QUALITY

Operation of the Subproject will produce no pollutants or lead to any negative impact on the quality of the urban waters. Operation of the drainage culvert sluice at Zhuzhichang (pre-cast concrete factory, stake South 2+700) will increase the pollutant load on the water quality of the waters close to the No. 2 Waterworks intake (stake No. South 2+800), but this is expected to be minimal. Implementation of the Subproject will improve the flood control standards and drainage capacity of Wugang, which will reduce ecological damage and water pollution from urban floods.

5.4.2.1 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

A small detention and settling pond should be added at the drainage culvert sluice at Zhuzhichang. This will allow some pollutants to be settled out before discharge to the River.

5.4.2.2 RESIDUAL IMPACT

Overall, the Subproject should improve the quality of the urban waters in Wugang.

5.4.3 FLORA AND FAUNA

The Subproject will have limited impact on flora and fauna. Revegetation of temporary sites disturbed during construction will take three to five years, extending into the operation phase, but these are not new impacts and have been addressed previously.

Implementation of the Subproject will protect the urban ecological environment, shielding flora and fauna within the protection zone from flood associated damage.

5.4.4 AIR QUALITY

5.4.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT

As roads will be constructed alongside the dikes, there may be an increase in dust pollution.

5.4.4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The road should be well maintained so as to reduce dust levels.

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5.4.5 TRAFFIC

The Subproject will improve the flood control standard of the city, and provide a positive effect for the security of roads within the flood protection zones. Furthermore, construction of new roads along the dikes will ease the traffic on the city roads and make the city roads safer.

5.4.6 PUBLIC SAFETY

Flood protection will be beneficial for the long term health and safety of Wugang’s citizens, easing flood health risks and associated pollution that can arise because of floods.

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6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

6.1 BENEFICIARY IDENTIFICATION

The major beneficiaries of the proposed Wugang Flood Control Subproject will include male and female residents and farmers in urban and rural communities, enterprises, government institutions, business and commercial establishments that are affected by the floods, directly or indirectly.

6.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES

Table 6-1 summarizes the public consultation activities that have been undertaken.

According to the interviews and discussions, all focus groups (urban and rural populations) expressed a positive attitude towards the proposed flood protection project. Of the 51 individuals interviewed, none expressed opposition to the proposed project. Table 6-2 provides the outcome of this brief survey among different focus groups.

All the groups interviewed expressed their enthusiasm for the project to be completed as soon as possible, especially with construction of a multi-purpose embankment (wide amenity area). The main comments and suggestions from the stakeholders included:

– Build a wider embankment open to traffic; – Widen the river; – Commence the work as soon as possible; – Provide the project information early; – Put effort into management of the river channel and disposal of garbage in the authorized locations to eradicate littering (regulation); – Build a new dam downstream of the City to ensure water availability during the dry season; and – Provide permanent entertainment and physical exercise facilities.

The villagers and urban community residents were provided with a schedule of development options for their consideration and ranking. Each group was requested to prioritize their first 5 options. Out of four groups, 3 marked the proposed project as the first priority, followed by improvement of the local road (within the community) and sanitation, better education and lower education fees, better health care service, and non-farming skill training. Table 6-3 shows the results.

Additional information on the public consultation process is presented in the Social and Poverty Assessment for the Wugang Subproject report.

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TABLE 6-1: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES

Agencies / Purpose Date Main Issues Discussed No. of People Consulted Provincial Poverty 2 - Update introduction of Nov. 8, - Role of the proposed Project in Poverty reduction and proposed Project, 2004 reduction Development office. - Generate comments to - Poverty Reduction Policies maximize the Poverty - Existing Poverty reduction project and its reduction impact impacts - Collecting Poverty Data of - Comments and suggestions to the proposed Hunan Province and project Project to maximize its Poverty reduction Counties impact 1 Village and 1 21 - Introducing progress and No. 23- - Length and wide of the proposed dikes residential community in alignment of the proposed 25 - Frequency of floods and damage caused urban area of Wugang Project. Exploring - Impacts of the proposed Subproject city . There are 4 focus socioeconomic factors at the - Land saving and compensation group discussion were village level. Generating - Location of resettlement conducted, include 2 comments and suggestions on - Compensation issues women’s group. the proposed project and local - Income source and their implication in relation community improvement to proposed Project priorities. Exploring measures - Comments and suggestions to maximize the to maximize the positive impact positive impact and minimize the negative of the Project and minimize the impacts negative impacts. - Priority needs including the proposed project 1 Village and 1 6 - Introducing the alignment of Nov. 23- - Existing measures and mechanism of anti- residential community proposed Subproject, 24, 2004 floods leadership interviews consultation the village leaders - Impacts of the proposed Subproject regard the impact (including - Land acquisition and its compensation positive and negative) of the - Dike improvement priorities from village and Project. Generate comments urban residential community leaders’ and suggestions on the perspective proposed Project - Poverty and its causes in the communities - Existing urban poverty reduction programs - Income source and it’s implication relation to proposed Project - Comments and suggestions to maximize the positive impact and minimize the negative impacts - Priority needs include dike development Business people 4 - Introducing proposed Nov. 24- - Housing demolish and its compensation rate interview Subproject 25, 2004 - Benefit of the project - Generate altitude towards the - Frequency of floods and impact on their proposed program business - Attitude towards the proposed project - Comments on the project schedule Enterprise interview- 3 - Introducing proposed Nov. 24, - Land acquisition and compensation rate Wugang pre-casting Subproject; Assess possible 2004 - Damage and loses caused by flood factory impact of the proposed project - Positive and negative impact of the proposed to the enterprise project, include land value increase of the - Generate comments and factory. suggestions - Comments on project schedule Provincial Minority 2 - Update introduction of Nov. 24, - Policies to promote ethnic minority Affairs Commission proposed project; collecting 2004 development in project area ethnic minority data, discussion - Participation of ethnic minority in project existing program and policies process to promote ethnic minority development in the proposed project area Public affairs bureau, 7 - Introducing proposed Nov. 23- - Policies and programs of urban poverty labor and social security Subproject, collecting data of 24, 2004 reduction bureau of Wugang city urban poverty and existing - Training of lay-off workers programs, generate comments - Participation of poor in project construction and suggestions

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TABLE 6-2: ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PROJECT AMONG DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS

Surveyed Groups No. Of Participants Support Indifferent Oppose Wangcheng 10 11 Dongting 11 10 Business people 3 3 Local officials 27 27 Total 51 51 % 100% 100% Source: Field Survey

TABLE 6-3: PRIORITY NEEDS PERCEIVED BY FROM THE COMMUNITY

Community Gender 1 2 3 4 5 Male Proposed Improve Road Improve sewage Better health Improve the Project across to the system care service environment community Female Improve Improve urban Better health Proposed Better access to Wangcheng education sanitary care service Project loan condition and conditions Lower education fee Male Proposed Better drinking Better irrigation Improve Road Improve Project water for human system across to the education and animal community condition and Lower education fee Dongting Female Proposed Improve Improve Road Better health Improve sanitary Project education across to the care service conditions condition and community Lower education fee Source: Field Survey

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7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

7.1 EMP DEVELOPMENT AND PURPOSE

The objective of an EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation, and the actions needed to implement these measures. The EMP provides the crucial link between the mitigation measures described in the subproject and Project-wide IEEs and ensuring that these measures are effectively implemented.

In accordance with the environmental requirements of the ADB a separate, stand-alone Consolidated (project-wide) Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. The objective of the Consolidated EMP is to:

(i) provide an overview of the predicted environmental impacts of the proposed Project;

(ii) provide an overview of the recommended mitigation measures;

(iii) present an Environmental Assessment Framework (EAF) for the environmental evaluation of the remaining 28 non-core subprojects;

(iv) present an environmental compliance and ambient monitoring program;

(v) facilitate institutional arrangements for: a. the environmental evaluation of the remaining 28 Subprojects; b. the implementation of the recommended environmental mitigation measures; c. the implementation of the recommended environmental compliance and ambient monitoring programs, including reporting requirements; and, d. ensuring compliance with the environmental requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB);

(vi) present the estimated Consolidated EMP budget.

Although the Consolidated EMP is a stand-alone document, it is briefly described in this chapter.

7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATIONS

The mitigations to be implemented are presented in Chapter 5 of this IEE report and are summarized in the Consolidated EMP.

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Environmental monitoring will be undertaken to:

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(i) provide feedback on the extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts;

(ii) ensure that mitigations are being appropriately implemented; and,

(iii) assess the overall effectiveness of the project environmental protection measures.

Two types of environmental monitoring will be undertaken: compliance and inspection monitoring, and ambient monitoring.

7.3.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING

Compliance monitoring is primarily aimed at determining if the contractor is meeting the contract requirements in terms of mitigation implementation. As per Chinese normal practice two types of compliance monitoring will be undertaken: mitigation compliance monitoring, and mitigation construction quality monitoring.

Mitigation compliance monitoring will be undertaken to ensure that the Contactor is implementing the mitigations measures in compliance with their contractual requirements and with the environmental regulations and standards of the PRC. The mitigation compliance inspections will be carried out by Environmental Field Inspectors (EFIs) employed by suitably qualified and accredited inspection companies hired by the Subproject PMOs. The Consolidated EMP presents a generic subproject compliance monitoring program. This should be finalized and incorporated in the legal agreement between the subproject PMOs and the inspection companies.

Mitigation construction quality monitoring will be undertaken as part of the overall construction quality monitoring process, as described in the Project Final Report.

7.3.2 AMBIENT MONITORING

Ambient monitoring supports compliance monitoring through assessing either the quality or extent of pollutant generation (effluent) or the quality of the receiving environment (air, water, noise). The objective of ambient monitoring is to provide feedback on the extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts; assess the overall effectiveness of the project environmental protection measures; and ensure that relevant environmental standards of the PRC are being maintained. Ambient motoring will be carried out by the subproject EPBs, either through their environmental monitoring centers or through their own environmental motoring companies. The Consolidated EMP presents a generic subproject ambient monitoring program. This should be finalized and incorporated in the monitoring agreement between the subproject PMOs and the EPBs.

7.4 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The EMP presents institutional arrangements and responsibilities for the implementation of the measure and activities presented in the IEEs and EMP. It specifies the roles and responsibilities of the PPMO and Subproject PMOs, county/municipal EPBs, and other relevant parties. The EMP also presents measures for enforcing mitigation implementation and actions to be taken if non-compliance occurs. Section 1.3 of this report presents a summary of the Project institutional arrangements.

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7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTRACTOR(S)

Environmental specifications for Subproject contractors are presented in the EMP. These specifications should be included in the contractors’ legal documents, and include:

- Section A: Environmental Management

- Section B: Health and Safety

Each section addresses the following:

Sub-Section 1: description of the Contractor's obligations with regards to those aspects covered by the section.

Sub-Section 2: description of indicators that will be monitored for payment.

The Consolidated EMP also includes recommendations for payment procedures that will clearly oblige the Contractor to fulfill their environmental obligations.

7.6 CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

The EMP designates the environmental capacity building and training activities that will be undertaken to support the Project environmental management.

7.7 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

The budget for implementing the EMP is presented in Table 7-1.

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TABLE 7-1: ESTIMATED EMP BUDGET, WUGANG SUBPROJECT

Items Cost (104 CNY) Lead Agency (under Description 1 2 3 4 Total PMO Coordination) Environmental Mitigation

Measures - Fee for provision of temporary toilets and sewage - Wugang Health and collection and disposal by Health and Sanitation Water Pollution Control 3.16 8.68 8.68 5.79 26.31 Sanitation Department Department - Contractor - Collection and disposal of construction wastewater - Fee for provision of domestic garbage cans, temporary - Wugang Health and garbage stations, and collection, and disposal by the Solid Waste Control 3.25 8.94 8.94 5.96 27.09 Sanitation Department local Health and Sanitation Company - Contractor - Construction waste disposal - Road and construction site dust control (water spraying, Air Pollution Control 0.96 2.64 2.64 1.76 8.00 - Contractor road paving, equipment hiring and rental, etc) - Sound control measures (fences and barriers) Noise Control 0.14 0.66 0.66 0.44 1.90 - Contractor - May include some compensation for schools and hospitals - Provision of medical treatment and facilities for workers Public Health Protection 1.30 3.56 3.56 2.38 10.80 - Contractor - Sanitization of toilet, cooking and other areas - Warning signs Public Safety 0.36 0.99 0.99 0.66 3.00 - Contractor - Safety measures - Monitoring Station of - Monitoring equipment Environmental Monitoring 3.00 8.25 8.25 5.50 25.00 local Environmental - Air, water and noise ambient monitoring Protection Bureau Administration, Compliance

Inspection, Capacity Building - Ecological and other surveys - PPMO Environmental Mitigation Design 8.00 1.00 9.00 Consultant - Detailed mitigation design and planning - Design Institute8 - Based on 8% of environmental mitigations and monitoring - PMO and EPB management costs Administration and 0.54 1.49 1.49 0.99 4.51 - PMO and EPB - Based on 4% of environmental mitigations and Management monitoring - Authorized - Environmental compliance inspections by qualified environmental Site Inspections 2.35 6.47 6.47 4.31 19.6 company compliance inspection - 2 inspectors, 35,000 RMB/year/inspector company

8 This will most likely be the same institute that prepared the original Subproject feasibility study that was reviewed under the TA process.

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Items Cost (104 CNY) Lead Agency (under Description 1 2 3 4 Total PMO Coordination) - Authorized - Environmental mitigation construction quality construction inspections by qualified company Construction Inspections 0.05 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.40 compliance inspection - Based on 0.25% of environmental mitigations and company monitoring. - Training of local PMO staff, site inspection company Training and Capacity 1.15 3.17 3.17 2.11 9.60 - PPMO staff, etc. Building - 10 persons trained annually for five years Soil and Erosion Control

Program - Borrow pits and construction site structural erosion control measures, including erosion control walls, Structural Erosion Control 1.13 3.11 3.11 2.07 9.42 - Contractor wastewater drainage ditches, temporary containment ponds, bioswales, etc. - Borrow pit and spoil pit revegetation Revegetation 0.60 1.66 1.66 1.11 5.03 - Contractor - Budget for dike vegetation has been included in main project budget; Resettlement 1.26 3.47 3.47 2.31 10.51 - Contractor - Resettlement area tree and vegetation planting - Borrow pits and construction site erosion control Temporary Erosion Control 1.55 4.26 4.26 2.84 12.91 - Contractor measures, such as erosion fences. Administration and 2.99 8.22 8.22 5.48 24.91 - PMO and Contractor - Design, supervision, QA/QC, etc Management Government Revegetation - Contractor to pay to 1.61 4.42 4.42 2.94 13.39 - Fee set by Hunan Provincial Government Fee local government9 TOTAL 33.4 71.12 70.12 46.74 221.38 - Equivalent to 267,763 USD

9 The fees rate is set by the Hunan Provincial Government. The fee is to be paid by the Subproject contractor to the local (county or municipal) Water Resource Department. There appears to be confusion on whether this payment is required on projects implemented through the local Water Resource Departments, as this becomes an internal transfer of funds. This issue needs to be resolved.

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8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 FINDINGS

The Wugang City Subproject will result in both socio-economic and environmental impacts.

The socio-economic impacts are primarily related to resettlement, which will involve 15 ha of permanent land acquisition including 7.65 ha of farmland. The acquisition of existing farm land will affect 221 households and 565 persons. In addition, land acquisition in the urban area will involve the demolition of 19,704 m2 of buildings including 14,486 m2 of residential houses and 5,218 m2 of non-residential buildings. The demolition will affect 196 households and 792 persons, as well as 11 enterprises with 636 employees. Approximately 11 ha of land will be occupied temporarily for the construction activities.

A Wugang Subproject Social/Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA) and a Resettlement Plan (RP) have been prepared in accordance with the standards and requirements of the PRC Land Administration Law (1998) and the associated Hunan Provincial Implementation Decree (2000), as well as the ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented. If done appropriately the relocation will provide an opportunity to improve housing conditions for the affected persons.

The environmental impacts of the project are generally spatially limited and short-term in duration, and are almost exclusively associated with project siting and construction. The main impacts that require special mitigation measures are associated with:

- soil erosion and runoff from exposed earthwork sites;

- solid waste from construction activities (e.g. construction wastes, spoil and dredgate);

- dredging, which will have to be monitored carefully and scheduled so as to avoid impacts on the municipal water supply;

- waste and sewage from construction camps;

- the rehabilitation of borrow areas;

- air pollution from traffic dust and machine emissions; and

- threats to public safety.

The most significant environmental impact may arise from the river dredging as the City is dependent upon the Nanshui River for its water supply and the intake of the Wugang Second Waterworks is located downstream of an area to be dredged. This will have a significant short term impact on water quality, as it will involve disturbance of the riverbed sediment, causing a significant albeit temporary increase in the concentration of suspended solids (SS). The dredging will need to be closely coordinated with the plant management to ensure that the water supply is not affected.

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The project will have no significant impact upon flora and fauna as no precious ecological resources are present within the SEIA.

The impacts that have been identified can be fully mitigated, and provided the mitigation measures recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP (as well as in the SPIA and RP) are fully implemented there should be no significant long term negative impact on the natural environment.

The estimated budget for environmental protection and monitoring during the construction stage is US$ 267,763 (CNY 2,214,400).

8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

I. All environmental mitigations measures recommended in this report and in the stand- alone EMP should be implemented.

II. The environmental monitoring recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.

III. The training and capacity building recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.

IV. All resettlement and compensation recommendations in the SPIA and the RP should be strictly followed.

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9 CONCLUSION

The Wugang Subproject will improve flood protection in the Wugang urban area through the construction of dikes and drainage works, river realignment, expansion of bridge apertures, and waterway dredging to improve discharge capacity.

The analysis undertaken in this report indicates that there will be both socio-economic impact and environmental impacts arising from the proposed Subproject. The primary socio-economic will be caused by land acquisition, as 15 ha of land will be permanently appropriated to provide space for the dikes and associated works, and 1,357 people will be resettled. This permanent impact will be largely addressed under recommendations in the Social and Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA) and the Resettlement Plan (RP).

Negative environmental impacts from the Subproject are generally localized, short-term, and mostly associated with the construction phase. They can also be mitigated. The most significant environmental impact is from the river dredging as the City is dependent upon the Nanshui River for its water supply. However, with suitable mitigation and management measures this impact, which will be short term whilst the works are completed, can be minimized.

A range of mitigation measures have been recommended to address the environmental issues raised in this report. The mitigations relate to the rehabilitation of borrow areas, control of soil erosion and runoff from earthworks, management of public safety, noise reduction, and the prevention of water, air and solid waste pollution. The budget for mitigation measures is estimated at US$ 267,763 (CNY 2,214,400).

A separate and stand alone environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed which guides the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures; presents environmental compliance and ambient monitoring programs; facilitates institutional arrangements for the implementation of mitigation measures and the environmental monitoring; and, ensures compliance with the environmental requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

With the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures, the Subproject will have no significant negative environmental impacts. Overall the flood protection provided by the Subproject will significantly enhance the safety and quality of life for the 130,000 residents in the flood protection zones.

Given the limited environmental impacts identified in this IEE the Subproject’s tentative designation as Category B under the ADB’s environmental guidelines has been confirmed. As no significant residual environmental impacts are expected, and all minor impacts predicted during construction can be fully mitigated, no additional EIA is required.

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APPENDIX I

WUGANG SUBPROJECT SITE PHOTOS

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Uppermost area of Nanshui River to be protected by Nanshui River upstream end of the right bank dike, dikes (right bank). looking upstream.

Tiyun Bridge, Nanshui River. The hydraulic capacity of Left bank of Nanshui River taken from Tiyun Bridge. the bridge will be increased. Dike construction in this area will require resettlement.

Yudai Bridge, Nanshui River. The hydraulic capacity of Flood plain at Nanshui River near Yudai Bridge, where a this bridge will be increased. new dike will protect the low lying area.

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA DEC 2004 HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK APPENDIX I

WUGANG SITE PHOTOS PLATE N°1

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Right bank of Nanshui River from Yudai Bridge, where Chuancheng urban drainage canal to be upgraded by dike construction will necessitate resettlement. widening and deepening.

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA DEC 2004 HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK APPENDIX I

WUGANG SITE PHOTOS PLATE N°2

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APPENDIX II

WUGANG SUBPROJECT SITE VISITS10

Persons Met Mr. Peng Jiaming, Vice Secretary, Local Government of Wugang County Mr. Tang Moshe, Vice Secretary, Local Government of Wugang County Mr. Yin Chucheng, Vice Director, Water Resources Bureau of Shaoyang City Mr. Zhou Feiyue, Vice Director, Water Resources Bureau of Wugang County Mr. Yao Huaming, Vice Director, Water Resources Bureau of Wugang County Mr. Zhang Chaohua, Engineer, Water Resources Bureau of Shaoyang City Mr. Deng Jianzhong, Engineer, Water Resources Bureau of Wugang County

PMO and TA Team Members Mr. Zhu Jianrong, Vice Director, Project Management Office, Water Resources Department of Hunan Province. Mr. Ashley J. Bansgrove, Environmental Specialist Mr. Christian Odeyer, Hydrologist Ms. Dr. FuChun, Environmental Specialist Mr. Zhao Weihua, Senior Engineer, Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute

Period 12/11 –13/11

Locations Visited Wugang City - Weixi Reservoir - Sha Zijiang, the upstream start point of the dike to be built on the right bank of Nanshui River - Tiyun Bridge, to be enlarged with one more arch on the right bank. - Dutou Bridge, one sluice gate and regulation gate to be built. - Yudai Bridge to be enlarged with one more arch on the right bank. - YangJiaBa, a drainage Diversion Channel to be built.

10 Does not include site visits and surveys undertaken by the TA social assessment team.

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