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Kvks Impact on Dissemination of Improved Practices and Technologies

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Kvks Impact on Dissemination of Improved Practices and Technologies KVKs impact on Dissemination of Improved Practices and Technologies Sponsored by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (NILERD) [Formerly, Institute of Applied Manpower Research (IAMR)] (An Autonomous Institution under NITI Aayog, Government of India), A-7, Institutional Area, Narela, Delhi 110 040 December, 2015 Core Team 1. Dr. Rashmi Agrawal, Director 2. Dr. Shachi Joshi, Dy. Director 3. Dr. G.P. Joshi, Dy. Director 4. D. Indrakumar, Deputy Director Field Support 1. Dr. M.R. Prasad, Director 2. Dr. P.K. Saxena, Joint Director 3. Dr. A. Kamla Devi, Joint Director 4. Dr. Sanchita Bhattacharya, Dy. Director 5. Radhey Shyam, Asstt Director 6. Vijay Saxena, Asstt. Director Data Processing 1. Neha Kumra, Asstt. Director 2. Sumedha Bajar, Asstt. Director Secretarial Assistance 1. Sudershan Arora, PA 2. Meenakshi Gupta, PA 3. Bhagwati Sharma, DEO 4. Onkar Singh, MTS Editorial Support 1. Dipika Sen, Asstt. Editor Ashok Kumar, PS; Prem Madan, PS; Sudershan Arora, PS; Malti, PA and Lalit Pandey, MTS have also assisted in data entry process. i Contents Page Chapter Particulars No. No. 1 Indian Agriculture and Krishi Vigyan Kendras 7 2 The present study 16 3 Assessing Impacts- Methodologies, Problems and Issues 22 4 Inputs from KVKs 32 5 What the Farmers says 53 6 Outcome of Interactions with Stakeholders –A Summary (State 75 wise) 7 Results and Discussions 85 8 Key Recommendations 94 References 109 Annexes 113 ii List of Tables Table No. Particulars Page No. 1.1 Year-wise Sale of Agricultural Machineries 8 1.2 Zone-wise Distribution of KVKs 10 2.1 State-wise Sampled KVKs 18 4.1 KVKs Covered by State and Controlling Organization 32 4.2 Focus Areas of the Selected KVKs 33 Staff Sanctioned, Staff in Position and Percentage of Vacancies 34 4.3 (a) in KVKs by Type of KVK 4.3. (b) Percentage of Vacancies in KVKs by State 34 4.4 Average Utilization of Budgets by KVKs (2011-14) by Type 36 4.5 (a) Adequacy or Otherwise of Infrastructure at the KVKs 36 4.5 (b) Status of Infrastructure at KVKs by type of management 37 4.5 (c) Availability of infrastructure at KVKs by states covered 37 No. of Villages and Farmers Covered by all the Selected KVKs 38 4.6 (2009-10 to 2013-14) No. of Villages and Farmers Covered by Selected KVKs in 39 4.7 Different States (2009-10 to 2013-14) Details of Specific Activities Conducted by each KVK 40 4.8 (a) (On an Average) Annually Details of Specific Activities Conducted by Type of KVK 41 4.8 b) (On an Average) Annually Average Number of Requests Received and Attended to by 42 4.9 (a) Each KVK Annually by Type of KVK and Nature of Request Average Percentage of Requests Attended to by Each KVK 42 4.9 (b) Annually by State and Nature of Request Numbers of KVKs Involving Other Agencies in Technology 43 4.10 Demonstrations and Other Interactions with Farmers No. of Technologies Transferred by KVKs during Last Five 44 4.11(a) Years by Fields and Management Type 4.11 (b) Technology Transferred by KVKs by State 44 Number of KVKs Reporting Characteristics of Farmers 45 4.12 Likely to Implement New Technologies 4.13 Impact on Farmers adopting the technologies 46 Average Number of Persons Covered by EDP Programmes of 48 4.14 (a) KVKs Annually 4.14 (b) Number of EDPs Organised by KVK by State wise 48 Support Services by KVKs in Promoting Self-employment by 49 4.15 Farmers 4.16 Time devoted by KVKs in Non Mandated Activities 50 iii 5.1 Distribution of farmers by state and gender 53 5.2 Number of farmers covered by gender and age-group 54 5.3 Distribution of farmers by gender and educational background 55 5.4 Distribution of Farmers by size of Holdings 56 No. of farmers by size of holding (hectares) and irrigation 56 5.5 status Number of farmers by size of holding and ownership of farm 57 5.6 equipment 5.7 Average Income of Farmers by Size of Holding 57 5.8 No. of farmers about knowledge of activities of KVKs 58 5.9 Farmers with Knowledge of KVKS by Size of Holdings 59 5.10 Knowledge of KVKs by Education of Farmers 59 5.11 Knowledge about Technology Dissemination by KVKs 60 Distribution of Farmers who Acquired Knowledge about 61 5.12 Technologies by Source Time Taken by Farmers with Different Sizes of Land Holding 62 5.13 to Adopt the New Technologies 5.14 Distribution of Farmers by Frequency of Visits to KVKs 63 5.15 Satisfaction of Farmers with the Services of KVKs 64 Farmers who made changes in Farm Practices During the last 65 5.16 Five Years Percentage Distribution of Farmers by Types of Benefits 65 5.17 for each Educational Level Distribution of Farmers by Types of Benefits and Size of 66 5.18 Holding Distribution of farmers who have impact and type of impact 66 5.19 after the intervention of KVK Distribution of farmers who are reporting about changes in 67 5.20 production and income - 5.21 Number of Farmers in Beneficiary and Comparison Groups 68 Distribution of farmers by Perception about the Benefit and 68 5.22 Adoption of Technology Percentage of Farmers in the Beneficiary and Comparison 69 5.23 Groups who Changed Farming Practices during the Last Five Years Levels of Changes in Production and Incomes of 70 5.24 Beneficiary and Comparison Groups Number of Farmers Reporting Non-mandatory Assistance from 71 5.25 KVKs 5.26 Farmers opinion about making KVKs More Effective 72 5.27 Farmers reporting service/training of KVK benefited more 73 iv List of Figures Figure No. Particulars Page No. 1.1 Cumulative Growth of KVKs in India 12 1.2 State/UT-wise Distribution of 642 KVKs in India, 2015 12 3.1 Methodologies of Impact Evaluation 23 3.2 Simple to Complex Evaluations 24 3.3 Information source on modern technology to farmers 26 3.4 Theory of Change 29 4.1 Average per KVK budget and expenditure 2011-12, 2012-13 35 and 2013-14 4.2 Average per KVK budget and expenditure in different states in 35 2013-14 (Rs. Lakhs) 4.3 Average No. of villages visited by each type of KVK 38 4.4 Average No. of farmers covered by a KVK of each type 39 4.5 Distribution of villages covered by KVKs by distance from 40 KVK 4.6 Distribution of technologies transferred by major fields 45 4.7 Major impacts reported by KVK on their technologies 47 Disseminated – (for total) 4.8 Major impacts reported by KVK on their technologies 47 Disseminated 5.1 Age Distribution of farmers covered 54 5.2 Distribution of farmers by gender and education 55 5.3 Distribution of farmers by source of knowledge on new 61 technology 5.4 Distribution of farmers by time take to adopt new technology 63 5.5 Distribution of control group farmers by source of knowledge 69 on new technology 5.6 Distribution of farmers by change percentage in Production and 70 Income v List of Annexes Annex Page Particulars No. No. 1 Data Tables (KVK Interaction) 113-123 Sampled District wise Staff position in KVKs 113 Type of infrastructure availability by states and type of governance 119 of KVKs Impact on those adopting the technology by states and type of 121 Governance Entrepreneurship development programmes of KVKs by states and 123 type of governance 2 Data Tables (Farmers’ survey) 124-135 State-wise Distribution of farmers by gender and educational 124 background State-wise number of farmers covered by gender and age-group 126 State wise Distribution of Farmers by size of Holdings 128 State wise No. of farmers by size of holding and irrigation status 130 State wise No. of farmers by size of holding and ownership of farm 122 equipment State wise distribution of Adoption of new technologies and time 134 gap by size of holding 3 State-wise and discipline wise Technologies Adoption 136-147 4 Interaction with Krishi Vigyan Kendras – KVK wise details 148-302 Arunachal Pradesh 148 Madhya Pradesh 158 Maharashtra 197 Rajasthan 230 Tamil Nadu 267 vi Acronyms ATMA Agriculture Technology Management Agency CAZRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute CFCL Chambal Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited CICR Central Institute of Cotton Research CIVE Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering CORT Collaborative Outcome Report Technique FC Farmers‟ Clubs FGD Focus Group Discussion, FLD Frontline Demonstration FYM Farm Yard Manure GSDP Gross State Domestic Product HYV High Yielding Varieties IAMR Institute of Applied Manpower Research ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICT Information and Communications Technology IDM Integrated Diseases Management IEG Independent Evaluation Group IFS Integrating Farming System IIFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited INCCA Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment INM Integrated Nutrient Management IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPM Integrated Pest Management JLNKV Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya KVIC Khadi & Village Industries Commission KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme MSP Minimum Support Price MYRDA Mysore Resettlement and Development Agency NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NADP National Agriculture Development Programme NHM National Health Mission NILERD National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development NIPHM National Institute of Plant Health Management NITI National Institute for Transforming India NSSO National Sample Survey Organization OFT On Farm Trials PC Programme Coordinator PIRENS Pravara Institute of Research and Education in Natural and Social Science vii PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal, RCTs Randomized Control Trials RDRF Rural Development & Rural Foundation SAU State Agriculture University SBA Strength Based Approach, SCAD Social Change and Development SHG Self-Help Group SMS Subject Matter Specialist SRI System Rice Intensity SURE Society to Uplift Rural Economy TNAU Tamil Nadu Agriculture University TOC Theory of Change UPASI United Planters‟ Association of South India ZARC Zonal Agricultural Research Centre viii Preface Given the limited scope for increasing agricultural production through expansion in cultivated area, the only alternative to meet the requirements of the increasing population is through productivity.
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