Our Research Laboratories

Our Research laboratories A stronger link between research, training and innovation e ans niversit is developing diversied and uality research activities backed by laboratories that are open to societal issues. These laboratories, several of which are associated with the CNRS, enjoy national and international recognition. Central to the strategy of Le Mans Université is the creation of thematic and/or interdisciplinary institutes, which aim to promote the synergy of key strengths research, training and innovation (scientic and educational).

390 researchers 10 doctoral 260 81 technicians, engineers and teachers-researchers schools PhD students and administrative staﬀ

15 LABORATORIES 6 mixed University-CNRS research units • Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université • Espaces et Sociétés (ESO) - UMR CNRS 6590 du Mans (LAUM) - UMR CNRS 6613 • Temps, Monde, Sociétés (TEMOS) - UMR • Institut des Molécules et de Matériaux CNRS FRE 2015 du Mans (IMMM) - UMR CNRS 6283 • Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, • Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH) de Nantes - Le Mans (LPG) - UMR CNRS 6112 UMR CNRS 6566

9 research centres

• Laboratoire d’Informatique de l’Université • Violences, Innovations, Politiques, Socialisations du Mans (LIUM) - Research group 4023 et Sports (VIPS2) - Research group 4636 • Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS) - Research group • Groupe d’Analyse des Itinéraires et Niveaux 2160 Salariaux (GAINS) - Research group 2167 • Laboratoire Manceau de Mathématiques (LMM) - • Laboratoire de droit de l’Université du Mans Research group 3263 (THEMIS-UM) - Research group 4333 • Motricité, Interactions, Performance (MIP) - • Langues, Littératures, Linguistiques Research group 4334 des Universités d’Angers et du Mans (3L.AM) - Research group 4335 • Centre de Recherche en Education de Nantes - Le Mans (CREN) - Research group 2661 en 180secondes (Three minutes thesis) • Organization ofevents: Forum JeunesChercheurs (Young Research Forum), Ma thèse PhD students enrolled for internationalco-supervision) • Support for nationalandinternationalmobility (PhD students attending conferences, of additionalactivities(teaching,…) • Award ofdoctoral contracts fundedbyLeMans University andLeMans Métropole andaward theskillsneededfor itsfuture career • Cross-disciplinary training programmes whosediversity allows eachdoctoral student to develop ofthesismanuscript,follow-up thecareerofPhD graduates, etc.) verseeing ofPh students andPh holders (registration, training, defence,lingandarchiving and PhD students sitevery month. It hasanadministrative centreanda Council inwhichtherepresentatives ofthedoctoral schools, researchunits • organizesevents to promote doctoral research andresearchunits • ensuresthecoordination ofthetenDoctoral Schoolsofthesiteandalocalserviceto doctoral students, theirsupervisors oﬀers cross-disciplinary training courses to thePh students to furtherdevelop theirtransferable skills, In coordination withtheUBLDoctoral College, theLeMans Doctoral Centre: Le Mans Université has260PhD students supportedby10inter-regional andthematicormultidisciplinary doctoral schools. The LeMansDoctoral Centre DOCTORAL SCHOOLS Its objectives Avenue OlivierMessiaen 72085LeMans cedex 09 [email protected] univ-lemans.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos Shutterstock et J ean- Charl es D ruais The Doctoral Schools

Arts, Letters & Languages doctoral school ed-all.u-bretagneloire.fr Marine & Coastal doctoral school Langues, Littératures, Linguistique des Universités d’Angers ed-sml.u-bretagneloire.fr et du Mans - 3 L.AM Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS) Law & Political Science doctoral school Economics and Management doctoral school ed-dsp.u-bretagneloire.fr ed-edge.u-bretagneloire.fr Laboratoire de Droit (THEMIS-UM) Groupe d’Analyse des Itinéraires et Niveaux Salariaux (GAINS) Ecology, Geosciences, Agronomy & Food Sciences Engineering Sciences doctoral school doctoral school ed-spi.u-bretagneloire.fr ed-egaal.u-bretagneloire.fr Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM) Laboratoire de Planétologie et de Géodynamique - LPG Societies, Time, Territories doctoral school Education, Language, Interactions, Cognition, clinical ed-stt.u-bretagneloire.fr doctoral school Temps, Monde, Sociétés (TEMOS) ed-elic.u-bretagneloire.fr Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Centre de Recherche en éducation de Nantes - CREN Histoire (CReAAH) Laboratoire Motricité, Interractions, Performance - MIP Espaces et Sociétés (ESO) Laboratoire Violences, Innovations, Politiques, Socialisations Matter, Molecules, Materials doctoral school et Sports (VIPS2 ) ed-3m.u-bretagneloire.fr Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) Mathematics & ICST (Information and Communication Science and Technologies) doctoral school ed-mathstic.u-bretagneloire.fr Laboratoire d’Informatique de l’Université du Mans (LIUM) Laboratoire Manceau de Mathématiques (LMM)

Events

Forum Jeunes Chercheurs (The Young Researchers Forum) Doctoriales 3 prizes to encourage doctoral research and to promote scientific Inter-regional and inter-institutional seminar where PhD excellence: Expose Ta Thèse (Present Your Thesis) competition, students define their future career plan and prepare their thesis award and thesis grant co-financed with Le Mans Métropole professional insertion

Ma thèse en 180 secondes (Three minutes thesis): international competition Put forward a clear, concise and convincing presentation of your research project before a panel and the public the IIV regionalprogramme, incoordination withtheuniversities ofantesandAngers. This departmenthasreceivednancialsupportfrom thePays delaoire egionandfrom the, through and innovation activities. whose objectiveisto createthesynergy ofmeansandresources to supportthevalorisation ofresearch,training The IPREX departmentistheLeMans Université entrypointfor publicorprivate partners andecosystem stakeholders project: student internship,researchcontract, adviceservice. This supportcanalsobeexpressed through theestablishmentofacooperation agreementinlinewiththescope ofthe Research. patent ling, software protection, maturation programme, creation of a start-up or Industrial Agreements for Training through department supportsandadvisesresearchers inorderto promote theirprojects through themostappropriate instrument: Working inclosecollaboration withtheTechnologyTransfer Acceleration Company (SATT OuestValorisation), theIPREX a publicorprivate partner, nancedbynational,uropean andinternationalinstitutional programmes. with social and economic stakeholders. It also supports research projects containing avalorisation aspect and developed with The Innovation, Partnership andExternal RelationsDepartment(IPREX) supportsresearchers inprojects implyingcollaboration of researchresults INNOVATION, PARTNERSHIP ANDEXTERNAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT (IPREX) Valorisation Avenue OlivierMessiaen 72085LeMans cedex 09 partnershipuniv-lemans.fr univ-lemans.fr Supporting innovation our know-how Promoting

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos Shutterstock et J ean- Charl es D ruais The IPREX Department contributes to the dynamic of innovation

The IPREX team monitors developments in relation to academic skills and the innovation needs of public and private partners. It collaborates in synergy with the skateholders of the local ecosystem such as Le Mans Tech association (French Tech network) and Le Mans Innovation.

Building lasting partnerships Identifying skills, Supporting activities by Attending trade shows and developing know-how using the appropriate and events to promote public-private and research results instruments of valorisation skills and know-how collaborations

Promoting and supporting innovation, contributing Dealing with external Organising meetings to the outreach of Le Mans requests from companies with social and economic Université at regional, national and thematic networks stakeholders and international level

The FIL'INNOV regional programme

FIL'INNOV is a programme funded by the Pays de la Loire region and the ERDF. It helps to support and foster the valorisation of research activities and results in the Pays de la Loire region. It structures the research according to the socioeconomic sectors of the regional plan for innovation.

Research endeavours and results A dynamic ecosystem Structured by socio-economic sector: Stakeholders: SATT Ouest Valorisation, • Computer Sciences-Mathematics Center for Technology Transfer of Le Mans, • Health and biotechnologies Le Mans Tech, Business Hubs, Clusters, thematic networks and Le Mans Innovation • Mechanics and Materials • Materials and Chemistry Instruments: ﬁnancing, start-up, assistance for innovation, support, valorisation • Humanities and Social Sciences

The FIL'INNOV programme • Giving a higher proﬁle to Research, Training and Innovation in our region • Capitalising on the skills and know-how in research and training • Bringing them together by socio-economic sector • Bringing these to the attention of companies Over 150 partners Events and meetings and companies • Annual TRIUM day • Dedicated morning events • Theme-based events • Local Valorisation Committees • Visits to laboratories and particular research equipments Support for research It isorganisedonthebasisof3fundamentalobjectives: the policyofdisseminationinstitutions scienticandtechnicalculture initsregion. It coordinates thepathways ofdoctoral students atinstitutional level andsupportstheirprofessional integration. Itimplements for themanagementofhumanandnancialresourcesdedicatedto theactivitiesofresearchunits. by international,European andnationalinstitutional programmes. Itisacross-curricular administrative supportmechanism It supportsthelaboratories andteamsinsetting upandimplementingindividualorcollaborative researchprojects funded institution's research policyandactivities. The ResearchandDoctoral Studies Department supports thedevelopment, management andimplementationofthe (Three minutes thesis) • Ma thèseen180secondes Scienticulture eek • European Researcher’s Night Events: RESEARCH ANDDOCTORAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT Avenue OlivierMessiaen 72085LeMans cedex 09 [email protected] and for thosewhohave obtained Support for doctoral students univ-lemans.fr their PhDs orum eunes hercheurs (Science onthe move) • Sciencessurlepouce (Young Researchers Forum) of scienticculture Dissemination

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos A d' H oc P hotog raphie et CSZ P hotog raphie The Research Department provides support for the researcher throughout his career path

• Funding research and allocation of ﬁnancial • Administration of the bi-regional resources to research units Doctoral Schools on the Le Mans site • Support with the set-up, monitoring • Schooling of PhD students and and management of projects monitoring of doctoral training • Recruitment of post-doctoral fellows • Awarding of doctoral contracts • Accreditation to Supervise Research • Monitoring of international • Support for mobility of teacher-researchers co-supervision of thesis and researchers • Support for the professional integration of PhD graduate students

Support for Doctoral Research

Research and Doctoral Studies Department

Support for Scientiﬁc European projects culture

• Monitoring, awareness-raising, training • Promotion of scientific careers for young and identification of European projects people • Help with setting up projects • Projects for the dissemination • Help with the contractualisation and and popularisation of sciences monitoring of contracts • Training of doctoral students in • Survey of participation in European the dissemination of scientific culture programmes dedicated to higher • Organising actions and events education and research

Cross-functional skills • Support for the management of Research • Project engineering • Management of projects • Monitoring, awareness-raising, detection, • Negotiation and preparation of contracts • Organising events advice and agreements Texte Texte Texte Texte Texte Texte Texte

LANGUES, LITTÉRATURES, LINGUISTIQUE DES UNIVERSITÉS D’ANGERS ET DU MANS (.A) - uipe dAccueil LANGUAGES, LITERATURE, LINGUISTICS OF ANGERS AND LE MANS UNIVERSITIES () - R Universities of Angers and Le Mans The 3L.AM Research Center is one of the largest units in human and social sciences in the Pays de la Loire. The team brings together specialists in civiliation, literature, philosophy, linguistics, lm studies, new technologies and more generally digital humanities. iﬀerent eras and geographical and cultural areas are studied. The esearch enters studies into children and young adult literature as well as on reading practices, from print to digital, are recognised at national and international levels.

115 people including 67 researchers and teachers-researchers | 38 at Le Mans 54 doctoral students | 27 at Le Mans 2 administrative and technical staﬀ 1 at e ans postdoctoral fellows andor engineers (depending on the currently funded programmes)

Partnerships rganisation of conferences, symposia, presentations, exhibitions, in partnership with cultural sites or public and private institutions: • in Le Mans : the ity of e ans (cultural services, diathue ouis Aragon (multimedia library) heritage fund), es inastes cinema, spal and a onderie theatres, e arr Plantagent, the Le Mans Université ©communication university library, the aison des Sciences umaines du ans (e ans ouse of umanities),... • in Angers : es coups cinema, the useum of ine Arts, e uai theatre,... Partnerships with the Pays de la Loire

The Publije, online literary criticism review, founded on the initiative of e ans teachers-researchers. of revues.univ-lemans.fr the lab

irector elphine TT delphine.letortuniv-lemans.fr Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans cedex 09 3lam.univ-lemans.fr 3 areas of research

Images of the subject: traces, mutations, interactions

The subect and hisher interactions with hisher environment can be treated by literary, linguistic and civilisation scholars relationships with others, with the natural or man-transformed surroundings, with the established order, with heritage, with historical and cultural heritage. Particular importance is granted to uestions of language and terminology, including through the tools and methods of the sciences of documentation and the digital humanities.

nict hitie itin eeentatin

onﬂicts highlight the social and political values of a society. esearchers revisit the history of conﬂicts in light of literary, cinematographic and artistic works which bear the imprint of political, historical and cultural debates. They put into perspective socio-historical movements that have developed in specic national contexts in order to identify common phenomena and recurring patterns.

Youth cultures on the move: practices, productions, reception

outh cultural practices have undergone a signicant number of changes in modern times social or philosophical evolutions, changes in themes (educational, moral, aesthetic), in media (books, traditional games, video games, cartoons, etc.), in the areas and means of distribution, in the modes of reception (enlargement of the readership, empowerment of the reader, changes in prescribers) and in the critical and theoretical analytical tools necessary for an open-ended study of this complex subject.

Interdisciplinary programmes

The 3L.AM aims to support individual research and to promote multidisciplinarity collaborations through innovative collective projects. Highly motivated and dynamic in terms of collective research, 3L.AM is involved as a coordinator or main partner in several projects...

… at regional level … at national level … at European level

• The neu(x) regional programme, A uropean esearch • A-IT (eading urope Childhood and Youth etwork P-I (eading Advanced ata Investigation AIA Programme, Analyses urope ontemporary Issues Tool) oint Programming of Innovative ducational Ideas in in Comparative and Historical Initiative for ultural eritage ulture and Art in an pen urope Perspectives) uropean partners (21-22) Institute of eligious Pluralism and Atheism, IPA I Programme, ender and sexist and homophobic discrimination The thelab of identities. social and culturalinterchanges, and environment,colonisation the and landscapes of themes the addresses specically more long-range andexplanatory lookat currentsocieties. The laboratory studies thesocietiesofAntiquity andtheMiddleAges artefacts orecofacts, andtextual andillustrated/iconographic documents. This knowledge makesitpossibleto takea century B.C. byHerodotus andThucydides. They seekto understand ancienthumansocietiesthrough materialvestiges, Archaeology Universities ofNantes, Rennes 1,Rennes 2andLe ofCulture, Mans,Ministry CNRS CENTRE FOR RESEARCHINARCHEOLOGY, ARCHEO-SCIENCES, HISTORY UMR CNRS 6566 CENTRE DERECHERCHES ENARCHÉOLOGIE, ARCHÉOSCIENCES, HISTOIRE ainiote fortications, habitatandactivitiesintheforest ofPerseigneBerc). The projects carriedouthave strong territorial roots (Ancient walls ofLeMans, medieval science andbiological,chemical andphysical earthsciencesinorderto develop archaeosciences. The scienticpositioningofthelaboratory issituated attheinterface ofumanitiesandsocial Robotic lasertacheometer, Atlantic andMediterranean charcoals collection. ce),thenatural parksoformandy-aine andBaronnies provenales, rench schools abroad. private archaeologycompanies (Archeodunum, endrotech, vha, ades),the(ationalorestry andArchaeologydepartmentsoflocalauthorities, particularly inesternrance, IAP, AAA, losepartnerships withultural Aﬀairs irectorates, egionalArchaeologyServices, eritage,ulture Greece,Israel, Morocco, Australia andSpain. • Closecooperation withother French, European andinternationallaboratories, includinginItaly, Romania, Partnerships administrative andtechnicalstaﬀateans 30 doctoral students |10atLeMans 77 researchers andteachers-researchers |6atLeMans 140 peopleincluding ead oftheeans siteAlineurand aline.duranduniv-lemans.fr (archaia) andhistory (historiè) are thesciencesthatstudy thepast.They wereforged andpractised inthe5th Avenue livieressiaen 2eans cedex irector arie-vane aire(ennes2niversity) creaah.univ-lemans.fr (R e ) -RRS ) (CRe AA) -

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos : CR E A A H et V il l e du Mans 6 research teams including 3 represented at Le Mans

Societies, cultures, identities

Collective reﬂection is based on a social history and historical anthropology approach to social and cultural identities understood as the cultural hallmark(s) characterising an individual or a group of individuals by determining common behaviour or practices. Three unifying themes are emphasised: the name, the body and the rank. The construction of these identities is done through norms identiﬁed in particular by prosopography thanks in particular to epigraphy, but also with regard to deviations from the norm. The study of bodies outside the norm (disability, physical violence against persons) is a particular focus.

Societies, environments and climates

The team looks at the current landscape as the legacy of a long series of close relationships between societies and their environments, not only as a biological object, but also as a social object. At the interface of cultural archaeology, history, ethnology, mythology and environmental archaeological sciences, it is a question of understanding the evolution of the inherited landscape forms, while at the same time being selective about the impact of climatic variations on the environments and those of cultural changes. This scientiﬁc bias involves a long-term diachronic approach and recourse to a wide variety of skills (geohistory, geoarchaeology, geomorphology, geomythology, xylology, anthracology, ecology, botany and archaeo-entomology).

Archaeology of the sea, the coastline and rivers

Researchers work mainly in the Mediterranean in order to understand the processes of colonisation, settlement and land and sea trade in Antiquity through the comparison of textual, epigraphic and archaeological information. Excavations are carried out both in coastal and undersea environments to gain a better understanding of shore and coastal systems and to better understand the history of uses, men and techniques related to the sea. Investigations began around the river waterways of the Loire region.

12 research operations and 4 cross-disciplinary axes

• Dion Cassius • Geo-mythology and ethno-archaeohistory • Disabilities in Antiquity of environmental crises • Exiles in Greek societies • Thinking about the end of the world: • The iron of Empire: from myth to scientific questioning the example • Archaeohistory and geochemistry of Roman Dacia Tra of medieval rural occupations • The Gallo-Roman wall of Le Mans: nsv er se cross-approach trial, from study a xi to heritage promotion s Societies, cultures, identities • Beziers landscapes: diachronic readings since Antiquity • Ethno-archaeology of crafts Societies, related to fire and archaeo- environments history of forests and climates • The dynamics of medieval landscapes • State of health of timber: Archaeology of the sea, the coastline archaeo-entomology • Istros : is an iconic site and rivers x of ancient woods e a of the history of the Black ers nsv Sea during Antiquity Tra • For a history of the sea: hulls and wrecks of Mediterranean ships + • Promotion of the Loire nautical heritage • Woodwork: from forest to practical use The thelab of dissemination andanalysis ofnew training mechanismsinsupportofapproaches relatingto bi-multilingualeducation. The researchers areinvolved inresearchtopics relatedto educationalinnovation, whether digital ornot: appropriation, foreign language,insociolinguistics, IT, educationalsciences, andininformation andcommunication sciences. The CREN-LeMans sitebringstogether languagescienceresearchers specialisingintheteachingoflanguages, French asa Universities ofLe MansandNantes, ESPE Pays delaLoire NANTES RESEARCHCENTREINEDUCATION (R-Le Mans) -R CENTRE DERECHERCHE ENEDUCATION (CREN-LeMans) DENANTES -Équiped’Accueil 2661 National Education,includingwithintheframework oftheBac-3 /Bac +3liaisonprogramme. The members ofthelaboratory have developed importantrelationshipswiththepartiesinvolved with Collaborations withcompanies: ST Microelectronics, SOA/SARP, AFaLaC, etc. Partnerships 1 administrative andtechnicalstaff 9 doctoral students 1 Emeritus professor 17 researchers andteachers-researchers |15atLeMans et2atLaval 28 peopleincluding Co-heads ofThe LeMans Site: AudeBretegnier|[email protected] and Christophe Michaut|[email protected] Co-directors: Pascal Leroux |[email protected] and Florent Carlier|florent.carlieruniv-lemans.fr Avenue OlivierMessiaen 72085LeMans cedex 09 cren.univ-nantes.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos : Shutterstock Two research themes at Le Mans and Laval

The research carried out within CREN-Le Mans is developed around the cross-curricular issue of innovation in education and in the teaching of languages, in accordance with the two topics associated with the structuring of the CREN laboratory:

Design of training and information via digital

Appropriation of publicised training stategies and devices The work focuses on information and communication technologies for education and training, instrumental genesis, the study of uses and the mediation of knowledge. The research addresses the analysis of existing devices or on the design, development and implementation of digital devices for a variety of audiences and training contexts: digital environments in middle schools and lycées, educational uses of digital tablets, tutoring interfaces, tactile media for those with autism, software agents. They target the design methodologies and the methods of appropriation by stakeholders from the perspective of a social impact (evolution of the training proposition, training of the training professionals).

Multilingualism, educations, societies

The research activities focus on multilingualism, multilingual and intercultural education, and language education policies. They can be seen in the context of a broader schooling/inclusive education issue associated with the question of giving educational/formative consideration to linguistic and cultural plurality in the teaching-learning of languages, in particular French as a common and integrating language, at school with pupils, but also in the ﬁeld of language training for migrant adults in social and professional integration.

Educational questions also relate to schooling inequalities coupled with the sociolinguistic question of the statutory inequality of languages, the impact of diminution or “minorisation” on the practices and representations of learners, children or adults involved in social, linguistic and cultural mobility. The current research work forms part of the regional Programme Enjeu[x] (Regional Child/Youth Programme), Pays de la Loire, Axis 3, Theme 3: Multilingual imaginaries between families and school, and in the RTI Europa Alliance, AMICAE programme, Element 2: School, multilingualism, migrations.

Key words

• Language instruction • Artificial Intelligence and Embedded • IT environments for human learning Systems • Linguistic policies • Information and communication sciences • Multilingualism • Educational sciences • University teaching • IT and communication uses and technologies for teaching and training • Sociolinguistics The thelab of R I I P The scienticobectiveisto contribute to theawareness andunderstanding ofthespatialaspectsocieties. relations andthestudy ofinequalitiesinalltheirforms, usingallofthedisciplinesrepresentedinlaboratory. social of dimension spatial the intoexpanded geography,Sshas proectsocial romscientic in rootshistoricthe its psychology, architecture). The laboratory gathers geographers, regionalandurbanplanners andresearchers from other disciplines(sociology, environmental Universities ofAngers,Caen,Nantes, Rennes andLe Mans SPACES ANDSOCIETIES (S) -RRS ESPACES (ESO), ETSOCIÉTÉS LEMANS-UMRCNRS 6590 rom localterritorial studies to internationaldevelopment proects psychology andArchitecture andurban designer • Multidisciplinarity: Geography, urbanandregional planning, sociology, environmental • Equipment:two drones registeredwiththeS andalarge-format Aprinter Brail, anadaandhina. International collaborations areparticularlydynamicwithTunisia, ameroon, Algeria,orocco, management ofwaste, commercial distributionandpromotion andurbanplanningcompanies (iffage, ST). lnvironnement etdelaatrise delnergie,Agencefranaise dedveloppement, Processing companies - Mayenne), Conseil d'Architecture, d'Urbanismeetdel'Environnement, Chambresconsulaires, Agencede Sarthe amont,uisne),Ple duilibreterritorial etrural duPerche,irectionpartementaledesTerritoires (Sarthe, de Pays (eans, auteSarthe),Syndicats mixtes deSchmadamnagement etdegestiondeseaux(ayenne, ocal governements andagencies, on-Prot rganiations, private compagnies, eans tropole, Syndicats mixtes Partnerships 2 administrative andtechnicalstaffateans 130 doctoral students |22atLeMans 120 researchers, professors andassistantprofessors |17atLeMans 280 people irector oftheeans siterald Billard |[email protected] irector mmanuelleellier (ennes2niversity) Avenue livier essiaen2 eans cedex eso-lemans.cnrs.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos A d' H oc P hotog raphie Research axes and themes

esearchers at the S e ans laboratory are more specically developing several themes around sustainable development and the socio-ecological transition of territories.

Environnemental studies and public policies

The main obective is to encourage the territories to take better account of the environment, particularly with regard to energy, greenhouse gases and water supplies. The researches are focused on territorial policies applied to urban planning, local development, natural and cultural heritage, waste and on the circular economy, biodiversity, forests and agriculture. The laboratory characterises and models the biophysical impacts of stakeholder practices at the level of territories or watersheds.

Urban planning and local development

The new social and political issues (housing, governance, -governance and citienship, trade, mobility, aging, segregation etc.) lead to the design of new strategies for planning and evaluation of territorial policies in conunction with many local communities.

N Social identities, gender and life experiences Bâtiments Collectif Intermédiaire Bâtiments spécifiques Individuel Résidence intergénérationnelle Parking Préfecture Espace vert public Bibliothèque Espace privé Atelier Habitat participatif Ferme aquaponique By focusing on a micro-social entry point the research moves from individuals and groups to look at space and Réseaux Voie principale Voie de desserte Chemin Mail the relation to space. The aim is to appreciate how the courses and traectories of life, the social and gender Piste cyclable Passerelle Autres Noue provisions inﬂuence or even structure the spatial practices. Social representations and experiences of space, Place de marché ublic as well as the conguration of the space, also come into play.

0 50 m

Réalisation : LB, ESO - 2017.

Social innovation, Social Social policies economy and solidarity and territorial policies

Transition Health, Well- Gender, being, Disability Sexualities

Stages of life Territories (childhood and governance and youth, aging) ESO UMR CNRS 6590

P Developing societies l

n in emerging countries y

Inequalities, discrimination n W

and social exclusion g (as well as social inclusion)

Sustainable development, Migrations, Mobilities Environment studies, Socio-ecological transition

Landscapes, Heritage, Urban and rural planning Tourism and leisure

ESO laboratory topics particularly developed at Le Mans The thelab of I RI IR Labour, Employment andPublic Policies” (TEPP) whichnow includes10laboratories. In 2008,GAINSwas afounding memberoftheCNRS researchfederation “Travail, EmploietPolitiques Publiques -Institute for auditing, marketingandthesocialsolidarity economy. or socialprotection linkedto them.The latter develops itsresearchinthestudy oforganisations, accounting, control and The former works inmacroeconomics andonthelabourmarket,aswellanalysis ofriskandthedemandfor insurance GAINS consists oftwo teams:oneinEconomic Sciences(EURESEMans) andtheother inManagement Sciences(ARGUMans). GROUP FOR THEANALYSIS OFITINERARIESANDWAGE LEVELS(IS)-Research group 2167 d’Accueil 2167 GROUPE D’ANALYSE ETNIVEAUX ITINÉRAIRES DES SALARIAUX (GAINS) -Équipe AuditandtheChairinComputer ScienceandEconometrics ofInsurance. • HolderoftheChairinSocial andSolidarity Economics, theChairinAccounting-Control- bythePays de laLoire Region • Initiator ofthePANORisk project (development ofdecision-makingsupporttools), supported Pays delaLoire, etc.) • andcompanies (COVEA, MGEN,MAIF, Fédération NationaledelaMutualité Française, Mutualité delaSarthe(Sarthe AssociationofRegisteredAccountants, etc.) desCommissaires auxComptes (French Institute ofStatutory Auditors), OrdredesExpertsComptables • withnationalandinternationalinstitutions (Central Banks, IMF, ILO, ECB, Compagnie Régionale • withnationalandinternationalresearchers Partnerships 1 administrative andtechnicalmemberofstaﬀ 15 doctoral students 37 teachers-researchers 53 peopleincluding Deputy Director: MehdiNekhili|[email protected] Director: François Langot |franç[email protected] Avenue Olivier Messiaen72085 LeMans cedex 09 ecodroit.univ-lemans.fr/GAINS

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos : Shutterstock 2 research teams

EURESEMans - Le Mans Université Research Team In Economic Sciences

Initially centred around issues relating to the operation of the labour market and the setting of salaries, it has gradually added to these themes, then broadened them to include analysis of public policy, analysis of the risks inherent in the operation of the labour market, as well as the study of the demand for insurance and social protection related to occupational risks. This team has developed skills in modelling as well as in econometric techniques or in simulation methods.

These aspects are today focused around two axes: • The “Evaluation of employment policies” axis • The “Risks, decision and insurance” axis

ARGUMans - Le Mans Université Management Research Workshop

It brings together expertise in the areas of the study of organisations and of their governance, corporate nancing, accounting and management control, marketing and human resources management.

The work of the team is organised around two axes in the management eld • The “Organisational forms and governance” axis focuses on the one hand on the impact of the environment on organisational forms (their management practices, their performances or the appearance of emerging forms), on the other hand on corporate governance and on its eﬀects. • The Behaviour and decision-making axis deals with the factors which, on the one hand, inﬂuence the decision-making process and the forms of this process, and, on the other hand, the choices made by the consumer, and his behaviour.

Evaluation of employment Organisational forms and policies governance

Economy Management EURESE- ARGU- Mans Mans

Risks, decision, Behaviour insurance and social and decision making protection

Institute of Risk and Insurance Le Mans Institute (IRA) - with the Mathematics of Management and Law laboratories The thelab of plastics, softmatter andoptics. compounds, functional materials for the elds of energy, environment and sustainable development, healthcare, food industry, of the subject areas in the physico-chemistry of matter. The areas of application arewide-ranging and can involve bioactive physics ofultra-short phenomena, includingthedesign,characterisation andmodellingofnew materials, theIMMMcovers all physico-chemists andphysicists inthedomainofmaterials. From thesynthesis oforganicmoleculesto thestudy ofthe The researchactivitiesoftheinstitute are basedonwell-establishedknow-how andrecognised expertise ofchemists, INSTITUTE OFMOLECULES ANDMATERIALS OFLEMANS(I)-RRS INSTITUT MOLÉCULES DES ETMATÉRIAUX DUMANS(IMMM)-UMRCNRS 6283 computing (HPC). levels. Allofthisequipmentiscomplemented byaplatform for highperformance constitute auniqueandattractive instrumentalplatform atregional,nationalandinternational spectroscopies, radiation scattering, rheology, plasma,combined withinnovative techniques State-of-the-art euipmentsinsynthesis andformulation, microscopy, diﬀraction, local ARKEMA, Bel,Danone,Hutchinson,Nestlé,Saft,Schlumberger, Solvay, STM, L'Oreal,Total, Unilever,... The IMMMhasalsodeveloped particularlydynamicrelationswiththesocio-economic world: AREVA, Ukraine, Mexico, Tunisia, Lebanon,Morocco, Vietnam&USTH Franco-Vietnamese University, Australia. The laboratory collaborates withmany other sitesinFrance andinternationally:Japan,Poland, Thailand, Partnerships administrative andtechnicalstaﬀ 60 doctoral students andpostdoctoral fellows 76 researchers andteachers-researchers 180 peopleincluding Director: LaurentFontaine |dirumr6283@ univ-lemans.fr Avenue OlivierMessiaen 72085LeMans cedex 09 immm.univ-lemans.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos A d' H oc P hotog raphie 4 priority scientiﬁc ﬁelds

Organic Synthesis

The work in relation to Organic Synthesis focuses on the discovery and development of new reactions in organic chemistry, particularly in the area of cycloadditions, polar organo-metallics, diazo compounds and the promotion and valuing of bioresources. The fundamental research developed has applications in the ﬁeld of healthcare, in particular for the synthesis of molecules for therapeutic purposes, and in molecular engineering.

Polymers

The axes for research in relation to the Polymers theme are focused on the elaboration and study of the properties of polymer materials with oﬀering functionalities of interest in bulk or for interfaces. These axes are founded on a set of complementary skills (chemists, physico-chemists and physicists) and a consequent range of instruments which enable the research theme, via a close association between basic research and applied research, to meet expressed needs in the ﬁelds of healthcare, energy, transportation and the environment.

Inorganic materials

The materials, inorganic oxides and fluorides or hybrids, are elaborated in the form of micro or nano-sized powders, single-crystals, glasses, glass-ceramics or thin films. By determining the intimate arrangements of these materials at the atomic scale, a better understanding of their properties is obtained. The applications targeted include the fields of energy, environment and healthcare.

Physics of conﬁned systems

The research conducted in relation to PCS, at the interface of the science of materials, condensed matter physics and soft and ultra-divided matter, aims to understand the phenomena which occur at the small scales of space and time. In particular, the main axis of this research, is the study of relations between the conﬁnement, the structural organisation and the dynamics in materials for better knowledge of magnetic, electrical and molecular orders.

Research areas

Molecular engineering Self-assembled systems

Synthesis of bioactive Polymers and molecules Chemistry Functional polymers Methodology Physico- Chemistry

Physics Nanostructures Structural investigation

Functional surfaces Inorganic functional and interfaces materials

Ultra-fast phenomena Fluorides The thelab of S PIR P I I and instrumentmaking,entertainmentindustry, environment, medicine,etc. music telecommunications,aeronautics,automotive, building, diversity large a exhibit acoustics to related activity of sectorsThe subect topics noisereductionandvibration damping,evaluation andcontrol ofmaterials, sounduality...of eld wide a cover Applications methods. numerical and mathematical both physical using them uantifying modelling and and analysing at observing phenomena, at aim investigations Acoustic structures. complex and fluids in propagation wave materials, of mechanics sensors,and acousticsand sources on focus mainly niversit ans e aboratoryAcousticsin the at environmentalInvestigations and engineering the of part integral an sciences, is healthandlifesciencesaswellhumanitiessocialsciences. Acoustics matter. and environment the beings, living on effects Acoustics isthescienceofsounds. Acoustics isrelatedto theproduction, transmission andreceptionofsoundaswellits LABORATORY OFACOUSTICS OFLEMANSUNIVERSITÉ () -RRS LABORATOIRE D'ACOUSTIQUE DEL'UNIVERSITÉ DUMANS(A) -S 1 optoacoustics anddigitalholography rooms, microtechnology room (clean room), etc. Specic rooms euippedwithtestbenches, anechoicandsemi-anechoic rooms, enault, PSA, Valo, range abs, etc. industrial partnerships withtheeans entrefor TechnologyTransfer (TT), SAA, S, and International(SA, anada,hina,Brail, apan,etc.)laboratories. A hasalsodeveloped A actively cooperates withrench, uropean (reatBritain,Spain, Sweden, ech epublic,etc.) Partnerships 2 administrative andtechnicalstaff 70 students and postdoctoral fellows 60 researchers andteachers-researchers 150 peopleincluding irector Pierrick otton dirlaumuniv-lemans.fr Avenue livieressiaen 2eans cedex laum.univ-lemans.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos A d' H oc P hotog raphie 3 research groups

Materials group

This research group carries out investigations on acoustic propagation in complex environments (metamaterials, phononic crystals, granular, inhomogeneous, non-linear or porous materials, etc.). The work carried out addresses several fundamental aspects: wave-material interactions (non-linear acoustics, study of energy transfers, coupling, damage, wave control, inverse problem solving, signal processing, etc.). This work also extends to applications such as the identiﬁcation of properties, imaging, implementation of diagnostic tools, sound absorption, wave control, non-destructive evaluation and inspection).

Transducer group

This group is involved concerned with transducers (sensors, actuators, energy converters), the development of test benches (digital holography, 3D vision, metrology) and related signal and image processing. The studies carried out, both theoretical and experimental, are supported by shareding fundamental skills from the members of the group (acoustic, thermal, optics, magnetism, electrical engineering, signal processing, etc.) and their technological expertise (ﬁne measurements, micro-manufacturing in a clean room environment).

Waveguides and Structures group

This research group aims at investigating the propagation of waves in complex media in the entire range of audible frequencies. The research focuses on problems related to acoustic comfort, improvement of the sound environment and musical acoustics. The group carries out analysis of radiated sound from sound sources, whether desired (instrument manufacture) or not (aeronautics, radiation from vibrating structures, etc.), and propagation (urban acoustics, wave control in structured environments). Research works are carried out both from a fundamental point of view (analytical approaches and development of numerical methods) and an experimental approach (development of measurement and simulation systems).

11 research sub-topics and 2 cross-disciplinary axes

Porous materials, meta-materials / sound absorption, sound control

Guided waves / aeroacoustics, Granular and architectured media wave control / non-linear elastic waves, wave control is lates ax tap ss me ro ls- C ria Vibro-acoustics te a Opto-acoustics / Laser ultrasound of structures m a / t micro-acoustics imaging, NDT / vibrating systems e N M o n of microstructures -

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Signal processing and instrumentation Sensors / and actuators acoustic sources and sensors / acoustic sources and sensors Acoustic microsystems / Thermo-acoustics micro-sources, acoustic and thermal micro-sensors / refrigeration and waste heat recovery The thelab of RI I P I I I development andindustrialdeployment ofatechnologydramatically reducingthecosts ofspeechrecognition. research works, asdemonstrated for instancebytheprestigiousEuropean Innovation Radar prizeearnedin2016for the its for recognied innovativeinternationally is oﬀers I games.it serious and and e-learning technologies,time, educational of real eld near the in in applications translation speech perform to able laboratories uropean few the of one is I semantic extraction andmachinetranslation). (Technology Enhanced Learning)andlanguageprocessing (speechrecognition andsynthesis, speakercharacterization, The Computer Science Laboratory, whichis located in both Le Mans and Laval, is structured around two topics: TEL COMPUTER SCIENCE LABORATORY OFLEMANSUNIVERSITÉ (I)-Research group 4023 Équipe d’Accueil 4023 LABORATOIRE D’INFORMATIQUE DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DUMANS(LIUM)- UTL,Legadee,TraVis Software and corpus: SideKit/s4d, TEDLium,nmtpytorch, JemInventor, Moggle, Hop3X, Experimental room for TELresearchwork (audio andvideorecording) Computing clusterwith1000CPUcores and,60GPUs. Symetrix/SBT and44screens. LIUM hasalsoestablishedindustrialpartnerships withAirbus, Orange Lab,AlloMédia,OpenClassrooms, laboratories. LIUM’s researchers activelycooperate activelywithother French, European andinternational Partnerships administrative andtechnicalstaﬀ 26 doctoral students andpostdoctoral fellows 28 teachers-researchers 60 peopleincluding Director: Sylvain Meignier |[email protected] Avenue OlivierMessiaen 72085LeMans cedex 09 www.lium.univ-lemans.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos : A d' H oc P hotog raphie, Shutterstock 2 research teams

Engineering of Technology Enhanced Learning (IEIAH in French)

The aim of the team is to develop computer systems dedicated to teaching with the help of Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) techniques: the models explicitly include pedagogical scenarios and evolve depending on the analysis of pedagogical uses. The team oﬀers teachers/users dedicated methodologies and languages to help them design, revise or adapt their computing environment for learning. In particular, the team works on authoring tools, learning analytics and advanced interactions for learning (serious games, mixed reality, mobile learning, etc.).

Language and Speech Technology (LST)

The team articulates its research activities in the eld of natural language processing (P ) around ve axes automatic speech recognition, text to speech synthesis, speaker characterization, semantic information extraction and machine translation. Historically working with statistical approaches, the team is now specialized in deep learning applied to natural language processing

5 research areas of research and 1 unifying project

Deep learning

Speaker characterization

Speech synthesis Semantic information LST extraction

Speech Machine Translation recognition

Unifying project: speech processing for learning and training

Educational scenarios Advanced interactions (design, implementation, (mixed reality) adaptation) IEIAH

Traces and indicators (modelling and analysis)

Trace-based approach for reengineering The thelab of for example. This relates to extreme events in insurance and climatology, and the evolution in the price of an insurance or nancial product, statistical andnumericalmethodsinorderto gainabetter understanding oftheseuncertain phenomena. develop to and phenomena random model to is the within out carried work the of aim The applications. and processes problems. energy to of statistics the on and axis one and mathematics nancial probabilitiesand on insurance axis one axes aroundstructured2 is Thisresearch nance, to applied also and theoretical both is that research out carries laboratory The I RI IR MANCEAU MATHEMATICS LABORATORY ()-Research group 3263 LABORATOIRE MANCEAU DEMATHÉMATIQUES ()-ÉuipedAccueil 2 It isalsoapartneroftheAASAS proect (renewable energyissues). of mathematics inthewestofrance). PArisk (development ofdecision-makingsupporttools) andIATS (promotion The laboratory isinvolved with2researchproects supportedbythePays delaoire egion ollaborations withthecompanies VA, and . of Texas (SA), etc. T (Stockholm), Shandong(hina),ongong, iev, allas, oscow, exico ity, niversity • École Polytechniue, aboratoire dacoustiue delniversit duans (A), niversity ofTunis, Partnerships 1 administrative andtechnicalmemberofstaﬀ doctoral students andpostdoctoral fellows 12 researchers andteachers-researchers and1associateprofessor 22 peopleincluding irector aurentenislaurent.denisuniv-lemans.fr Avenue livieressiaen 2eans cedex lmm.univ-lemans.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos : Shutterstock, V il l e du Mans 2 lines of research

Probabilities and ﬁnancial mathematics

The team has gained an international reputation in the field of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs). It also works with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations and Malliavin calculus for jump processes. The main applications relate to game theory, switching problems in investment choices, assessment of the pricing of financial or insurance products and issues around portfolio selection in the context of model uncertainties.

Statistics for processes and applications

The research themes, which are essentially theoretical, concern the inferential statistics of distribution processes and the statistics of fractional and/or long-memory processes. For example, work on the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of an autoregressive process directed by a stationary Gaussian noise and the study of the asymptotic properties of the estimators thus constructed. The application element of this mathematical statistics work relates to inertial central location systems - GPS sensor and work on various statistical aspects related to the electricity production of wind turbines.

The areas of applications

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BANKING INSURANCE CLIMATOLOGY NEW ENERGIES SEISMOLOGY The thelab of and glaciers orthebuildingofmountainranges. sheets ice of dynamics the tohydrocarbons) (geothermal, reservoirs of exploitation the from range application of elds The the eld,laboratory analyses andexperimental modelling. The laboratorys researchers are interested in the effects of these fluids in various geological contexts through observations in materials whichwilldeform over various timescalessand,clays, salt,magmas, etc. can be found at the surface (water), within rocks, in porosity andor fractures (water, gas, hydrocarbons), fluids or in Thesedeformations.the form geological of viscousand fluids rocks,between interactions the studieslaboratory eosciences ans e The 5 membersassociated withtheLaboratory ofPlanetology andGeodynamics(LPG) -UMRCNRS 6112 LE MANSGEOSCIENCES associsauaboratoire dePlantologie etdeodynamiue(P) -S 112 GÉOSCIENCES LE MANS Thin-section preparation workshop processes viascaledphysical models. xperimental modellinglabsdedicated to thesimulationofnatural deformation deformation phenomenainvolving interstitial fluidsandfluidoverpressure. The onlylaboratory inurope specialisedintheexperimental modellingofgeological Partnership withcompanies thanksto thethematics ofthelaboratory (Total, ngie) ollaborations withrench andinternationallaboratories (orway, anada,Argentina,etc.) permanentmembers areassociated to theP-112(antesAngers) Partnerships 2 administrative andtechnicalstaff doctoral students andpostdoctoral fellows researchers andteachers-researchers 12 people(members associatedwiththeP-112)including irector ofeosciences eansAlainanella|alain.anellauniv-lemans Avenue livieressiaen 2eans cedex geosciences.univ-lemans.fr .fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos A d' H oc P hotog raphie 3 lines of research including 2 in partnership with the LPG

Deformation and surface processes related to ﬂuids

The first line of research is aimed at understanding the processes involved in the evolution of terrestrial surfaces and sediments transfer. Among the processes which shape surfaces, the Le Mans laboratory is particularly interested in the effects of subglacial meltwater generated during periods of climatic warming on glacier dynamics. The large amounts of meltwater produced during such periods alter ice the flow dynamics thereby contributing to their collapse. Meltwater is also responsible for tunnel valleyformation that shows very specific morphological characteristics we are able to reproduce and characterise in the experimental lab.

Fluids under pressure and properties of reservoirs

The second line of research relates to ﬂuids under pressure present in sedimentary basins and their role in the evolution of the hydro-mechanical properties of reservoirs. Several types of phenomena are studied: hydraulic fracturing of source rocks during the generation of hydrocarbons, cover fracturing and remobilisation of sediments in the form of sand intrusions or mud volcanoes, remobilisation of clays within sedimentary reservoirs, mineralization associated with the circulation of ﬂuids.

Orogenic processes

The last area of research focuses on the morphological evolution of orogenic prisms in contexts of tectonic convergence, in particular that of the Europe-Africa convergence (Alps, Tell Atlas, Tunisian Atlas, etc.). This theme is considered from the perspective of critical bevel theory, and aims to understand the complex interactions between mantle dynamics, crust rheology, spatial arrangement of deformations and processes of erosion. Experimental modelling of a tunnel valley (T. Lelandais)

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The thelab of Universities ofNantes andLe Mans hog a itricpiay prah lf sine, uaiis, hs rgam am t rsod o ao sinic and scientic maor to respond societal issuesintheareasofsportsperformance, healthandeducation. to aims programme this humanities), sciences, (life approach interdisciplinary an Through human movement isproduced from themusculo-tendonsystem, to theindividual,rightthrough to theinter-individual level. (e.g. eating,drinkingorcommunicating). The laboratory's researchprogramme aimsto obtaina better understanding ofhow Movement isessentialfor Humanto adaptto hisphysical, materialandsocialenvironment. Ithelpsto ensurevitalfunctions MOVEMENT, INTERACTIONS, PERFORMANCE LABORATORY (IP)-Research group 4334 LABORATOIRE MOTRICITÉ, INTERACTIONS, PERFORMANCE (MIP)- stabilometry; treadmillwithpressure sensors. by motion capture system; 3Ddynamics by force platform; surface electromyography; Chain ofbiomechanicalanalysis ofhumanmovement: three-dimensionalkinematics The MIPalsocooperates withvarious industrialpartners (DirectEnergiecyclingteam,LudHealth,etc.) of Auckland,New Zealand;University ofQueensland,Australia). England) andInternational(University ofOttawa andUniversity ofNew Brunswick, Canada; University Hospital ofNantes, Laboratory ofBiomechanics, Paris; INSEP, Paris...), European (University ofBath, Members ofthelaboratory activelycollaborate withFrench researchers andlaboratories (University Partnerships administrative andtechnicalstaﬀ|2atLeMans 12 doctoral students andpostdoctoral fellows |4atLeMans 17 teachers-researchers anddoctors ofmedicine|5atLeMans 45 peopleincluding Head oftheLeMans site:Abderrahmane Rahmani |[email protected] Avenue Olivier Messiaen72085 LeMans cedex 09 Director :François Hug(University ofNantes) mip.univ-nantes.fr É quipe d’Accueil 4334

Production and estimation of the force

The work developed in this research theme is intended to uantify the eﬀorts experienced and produced by the musculotendinous system during various motor tasks and to understand how they adapt to training, ageing or illnesses. The originality of this theme is to be found in the development of non-invasive methods to characterise in vivo the contractile and/or visco-elastic properties of the structures involved in the production and transmission of muscle force.

Motor coordination

The work undertaken in this research theme is aimed at understanding how the nervous system coordinates muscles and segments in order to produce human movement and to determine the relationship between motor coordination strategies and the development or persistence of musculoskeletal and/or cognitive disorders. The originality of this theme mainly lies in its interdisciplinary approach, i.e. neurophysiology, biomechanics and psychology.

Collective cognition

The work undertaken for this topic addresses the production processes for coordinated collective behaviours and team performance and the mechanisms for collective learning in cooperation situations. The originality of this work resides in its focus on interpersonal adjustments, in their dynamic, situated, and self-organised dimensions. Subjective approaches to collective cognition are supplemented by behavioural approaches which together allow the description of diﬀerent levels of analysis (e.g. individual, relational, collective).

Research operations

Optimisation of human movement

Theme 1 Theme 2 Production Motor and estimation of force coordination Theme 3 Collective cognition • Neurophysiological and • Adaptation of nervous (University of Nantes only) biomechanical plasticity control to the mechanical training, ageing & pathology characteristics of • Collective behaviours • Force-velocity and force- the muscles • Plasticity of these behaviours length relationships • Muscular coordination strategies • Collective cooperative mechanical properties and activity of the tissues & muscle musculoskeletal / cognitive activation pathologies • Estimation of force muscular mechanical properties

Applications: Sports Performance - Health - Education The thelab of f h boiest ad ucinn o tee csses il ed o h ietain f raim itrsig o the for interesting organisms of identication the to lead will ecosystems these production ofhighadded-value metabolitesfor industryandhumanhealth. of functioning and biodiversity the of understandingbetter A . activities tohuman due mainly them, aﬀect which disturbances the of study the through particularly ecosystems, marine estuarine and coastal of management sustainable and integrated an coversprogramme scientic The Universities ofNantes andLe Mans,Université Catholiquedel’Ouest SEA, MOLECULES,SEA, HEALTH LABORATORY (S)-R LABORATOIRE MER,MOLÉCULES, SANTÉ (S) -ÉuipedAccueil 21 Thalassomics technicalplatform inantes, integrated into theorsaire platform ofBiogenuest ofinterest Benchfor pulsedelectriceldstreatments for thebiocompatible extraction ofmolecules Animalfacility for studies relatingto theuseofmicroalgae in nutrition-health analyses, molecular andcellularbiology acilities for themicroalgae cultivation, shellshauaculture, biochemicalandphysiological as withindustrialpartners. The members ofScollaborate withmany regional,nationalandinternationallaboratories, aswell Partnerships 22 administrative andtechnicalstaﬀ|ateans and aval doctoral students andpostdoctoral fellows |1ateans andaval teachers-researchers |21ateans and aval 130 peopleincluding ead oftheeans siteathalieassenathalie.casseuniv-lemans.fr Avenue livier essiaen2 eans cedex irector ranois Pouchus (niversity ofantes) mms.univ-lemans.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos : Ad'Hoc Photographie, Shutterstsock et Yann Hardiviller 5 research teams

Remote sensing and benthic ecology (RBE) e ans - antes

This team studies the structure and functioning of coastal ecosystems. These ecosystems, which are among the most productive in the world, are exposed to signicant threats global climate change, pressures from human activities, pollution, invasive species. esearch topics include benthic ecology, biodiversity, chemiodiversity and phytoplankton ecophysiology, bivalve auaculture, food interactions within coastal ecosystems and remote sensing. At e ans, the team is particularly interested in blue diatoms from the genus aslea, responsible for the greening of oysters.

Ecotoxicology of emerging contaminants in coastal and estuarine environments (ECEm) e ans - Angers

The research focuses on the ecotoxicology of emerging contaminants (nanomaterials, microplastics, etc.) in coastal and estuarine environments. They aim to increase knowledge and develop assessment tools in order to improve the management of risk relating to the exposure of organisms to these contaminants. The integrative approach to the eﬀects of chemical stress at diﬀerent levels of biological organisation is particularly appropriate. Special attention is given to the responses of organisms to multiple stresses.

Metabolism, bioengineering of Microalgae Molecules and Applications (MIMMA) e ans aval

The roles of transcription factors in the regulation and the reorientation of the carbon metabolism in microalgae under conditions of stress constitutes the core of the research programme of the team. The understanding of these mechanisms should allow the controlled modulation of carbon ﬂuxes within microalgae in favour of compounds of interest. The potential of these molecules in nutrition and human health, as extracts or puried, natural or modied, are assessed using cellular andor murine models are tested. The team is also working on the development of innovative methods for extracting molecules from microalgae such as biocompatible extraction.

The Chemiodiversity of marine fungi and enhancement (hihaVA) and Application of marine metabolites in health, nutrition and cosmetology (A) teams are attached to the niversit de antes.

Knowledge and enhancement of the biodiversity of marine, coastal and estuarine ecosystems

Contaminants Emerging contaminants, nanomaterials & microplastics

ealth nutrition cosmetology emote sensing industry modelling benthic cophysiology, and marine ecology omics biotechnology

Coastal Organisms Metabolites Human and estuarine cell lines Micro-algae, Specialised metabolites, marine environments algae, fungi lipids, peptides, & bivalves cotoxicology pigments & enzymes Biodiversity food hemistry and biochemistry webs inter-species of natural substances, relationships chemical ecology The thelab of Universities ofAngers, Le MansandSouth Brittany and gender, coexistence and conflicts in social, political, and religious context, and on the construction of knowledge, in a in knowledge, of construction the continuouson dialoguewithcontemporary issues. and context, religious and political, social, in conflicts and coexistencegender, and from antiquity to the present day, andechoseveral contemporary challenges. The researchatTEMOS focuses on childhood unpublished, whetherarchaeological,manuscriptsororal. The researchtopics oftheTEMOS researchteamcover allperiods, Research in history helpsus to better understand thepresentin the light of the past, bydealingwithsourcesthat are often TIME, WORLD,TIME, SOCIETIES LABORATORY (S)RS R TEMPS, (TEMOS) MONDE,SOCIÉTÉS -CNRS FRE2015 A strong territorial involvement, particularlywith actors inthecultural heritagesector. (training inandthrough research). A strong linkbetween researchandteachingcurricula from theicencedegreeto thePh Department), to localassociationsandto cultural establishments. The expertise oftheteamismadeavailable to localauthorities(thePays delaLoire Region,theSarthe Aires, Agadir, etc.)andseveral researchunitsintheeldsofsocialsciences, literature andlanguages. The TS laboratory collaborates withnumerous universities both inrance andabroad (Sheeld, Buenos Partnerships administrative andtechnicalstaff|2atLeMans 60 doctoral students |10atLeMans 55 researchers andteachers-researchers |13atLeMans 120 peopleincluding Head ofLeMans team:NathalieRichard|[email protected] Avenue OlivierMessiaen 72085LeMans cedex 09 Director: Yves Dénéchère(University ofAngers) temos.cnrs.fr

©communication Le Mans Université © Crédit photos : V il l e du Mans, Shutterstock et SH P F - P aris 3 main areas of research

Childhood, gender and archives of self: individualities and subjectivities in movements

The research carried out deals with the construction of the self and of the subject throughout history by prioritising two inputs: age and gender. The research adresses simultaneously the construction of collective identities, the formation of social groups, and personal trajectories and experiences. To this end, researchers make special use of archives and self-narratives (e.g. genealogical practices) to understand how the individual constructs and arms himself.

Biological resources and the construction of knowledge: circulation and uses

The research carried out focuses on knowledge about biological resources, on conservation and transformation techniues, and on how this knowledge is put into practice. This research adresses more specically the relation between theoretical knowledge and practices, dealing with processes for the acuisition of knowledge, transformation techniues, exploitation and consumption. Its main challenge is to identify the cultural dissemination, the technical exchanges and the economic circulation that biological resources generate over the long term, from antiquity to the present day. Research on this topic deals with two main themes: plant resources and marine resources.

Communities and plurality: authority, violence and coexistence

This axis topic is positioned at the intersection of several dynamic elds of research on the possible diverse forms of relationship between the collective interest and the existence of diversity inherent in to any group, within a single community to which people belong or between communities - political, religious, economic, cultural, etc. In order to understand the tensions present in each collective between unity and fragmentation in human groups, researchers consider the weight of authority, cultural values, violence, and study the various modalities for the management of diversity.

Worship in the Desert at Lecques near Nimes, around 1780 (© SHPF, Paris) The thelab of in thisareaandto makethemmorevisible. Insuranceand isk the of Institute, tois aim which mutualiseInnovation and ducation esearch, the niversitythe of activities been working in partnership, alongside AIS (research centre in economics) and (maths laboratory), within the framework on conferences most currentissues, withthepurposetoor develop new,seminars criticalandmultidisciplinarypointsofview.Sincedoen 2013,Themis-Uma has around organie and articles numerous publish Themis- of members the year very perspective. normativestandardsundertheinﬂuenceofsocialchanges, globaliation andthecomparison ofrights, especiallyinahistorical thesecond oneisthethemeInterbreedingandarticulationofnormativesystems, whichstudies contemporary evolutions in andtsinwiththeInstitute for isks andInsurance, therst oneisthethemeisk,Insurance andiability, whichdealswithlaw andriskingeneral andinsurance law inparticular, work criticallyoncurrentlegal issues. Itsactivitieshave two mainfocuses: Themis-Um isaninterdisciplinaryresearchcentrewhichincludesresearchers inprivate law, publiclaw andhistory oflaw who I RI IR LAW RESEARCHCENTRE(IS-)-Research group 4333 LABORATOIRE DEDROIT (THEMIS-UM) -Équiped’Accueil 4333 • history oflaw • publiclaw • private law Its multidisciplinaryapproach: (nited States), niversity ofaound (ameroon), aval niversity (uebec). niversity ofeeds(reatBritain),niversity ofSantiago deompostela (Spain), niversity ofaine Partnerships 1 administrative andtechnicalmember ofstaﬀ 5 doctoral students 27 researchers andteachers-researchers 33 peopleincluding irectors Valrie assere-iessow Valerie.iesowuniv-lemans.fr Avenue livieressiaen 2eans cedex Sarah assellaSarah.assellauniv-lemans.fr themis-um.univ-lemans.fr

©communication Le Mans Université - Crédit photos : V il l e du Mans, Shutterstock, Le Mans Université et Y ann V érité 2 areas of research

Risk, insurance and liability

The aim of this theme, based on liability law, is to study and understand many questions linked with risks in general and with insurance law particularly. Constant changes in liability law, in particular connected with the emergence of new risks, lead to periodic reexamination of the main issues connected to it and especially the ever closer connections with insurance law. Going further, all types of risks are studied, and not only those covered by insurance.

“Risk law” group. “Legal treatment of uncertainty” group works within the framework of the Risk and Insurance Institute, a multidisciplinary institution which gathers economists, mathematicians and lawyers. This working group extends its research to risks of all kinds: environmental, industrial, technological, nuclear, financial, economic, systemic, food-related, medical, health, social, psychosocial, natural, professional, taxation, corporate, criminal, terrorist. Within this group, the members of Themis-Um have developed several themes: • Financial and sovereign risks, • Risks related to new technologies (technological changes, connected objects, predictive justice, artificial intelligence, robots, medically assisted procreation), • Legal risks (risks of legal uncertainty and risks of litigation), • Societal or personal risks (death, human rights, legal personality of robots, 5th risk, corruption risk, risk of personal troubles for corporates managers of companies in difficulty), • Economic risks.

It is based on the Faculty’s several Masters degrees in law.

Interbreeding and articulation of normative systems

This theme consists in focusing on contemporary transformations of normative rules: articulation of legal systems, genetics of norms, relationships between public and private law, comparative law, sociology of law. This line of research includes a comparative law research undertaken with Laval University (Québec) concerning mutual inﬂuences between the legal systems of our two countries, and targeted researches showing the transfer of normative standards according to changes in law and society (divorce without a judge, soft law unveiled).

This axis involves the participation in diﬀerent projects with lawyers specialized in several domains: researchers in private and public law, historians of law, comparatists, internationalists, etc. The aim is to study the main consequences of globalization and internationalization of law, from the institutional as well as from the substantial point of view.

This theme is also based on the Faculty’s diﬀerent Masters degrees in law and involves both national and international projects and networks. The thelab of stakeholders. explaining the behaviours andactionsofindividualssocialgroups, andofsuggesting recommendations for therelevant What arethelevers for transformation ofPSAAs andtheirimpactsonenvironments? Itisaquestionofunderstanding and the penetration ofPSAAs insocialspacesorresistanceto them? How doPSAAs play apartinsocialandcultural integration? The VIPS² focuses on three questions around physical, sporting and artistic activities (PSAA): What are the processes involved in Universities Rennes 2and Le Mans,Ecole Normale Supérieure deRennes VIOLENCE, INNOVATIONS,VIOLENCE, SOCIALISATIONSAND POLICIES, SPORTS LABORATORY ET SPORTS (VIPS²) -Équiped’Accueil 4636 LABORATOIRE VIOLENCES, INNOVATIONS, POLITIQUES, SOCIALISATIONS • Partnerships withstakeholders from theworld of education(academic inspection,ESPE, etc.) Sciences, SciencesofIntervention. • Multidisciplinarity: History, Sociology, Psychology, Management, Political Sciences, Legal and private companies (French Cycling Federation, French Football Federation). Ministry ofYouth, City andSports), localauthorities, regionalcouncils (Pays delaLoire), federations The laboratory’s contractual activity isimportant,withpublicbodies(World Anti-Doping Agency, Partnerships 1 PAST 1 6 ATERs (temporary research assistants)|2atLeMans 2 designengineers and1BIATSS staﬀmember|1IGEatLeMans 15 doctoral students |5atLe Mans 20 teacher-researchers |4atLeMans 45 peopleincluding Head oftheLeMans site:OmarZanna |[email protected] Avenue Olivier Messiaen72085 LeMans cedex 09 Director: MichaëlAttali (Rennes2University) vips2.fr (VIPS²) -R esearch group 4636

PSAAs as a vector of socialisation

Educate and integrate through PSAAs The reference to the presumed educational role of sport has been a constant since the end of the 19th century. Given the strong social and political demands, the VIPS2 research unit has made this a central element of its work. This choice is based on research conducted in the area of integration through sport in several contexts (sporting, prison, associative, schooling, etc.) which oﬀer promising avenues for analysis and for recommendations.

Stakeholders, violence and vulnerability The VIPS2 looks at the inﬂuence of socio-cultural dynamics at work in and through sporting practices in order to understand the underlying mechanisms for producing violence and the consequences in terms of vulnerability. Through the study of practitioners, their representations, their physical and sporting uses and the meaning they confer on them, the VIPS2 attempts to identify and explain the inﬂuence of belief and value systems at work in sporting cultures, whether in the media or not, sometimes to the detriment of entire populations (minorities, women, children, etc.).

PSAAs as a space for political action and innovation

Political actions and ways of implementing PSAAs The aim is to analyse the political actions for the implementation and development of PSAAs and to focus on the various decision-making arenas from which they unfold and become established.

Innovate and transform The VIPS2 focuses on new types of practices through their creation/invention processes, then socialisation processes, their modes of capture and the distribution platforms. It addresses the changes that have occurred (or are under way), the responses provided (or to be provided), the drivers of adaptation and innovation and more generally the notion of innovation starting from “the incubator” which constitutes the sport.

Key words

• Sports • PSAA • Integration • Tourism • Identities • Body • Policies • Education • Cultures • Violence • Physical education • Socialisation • Innovation • Disability • Vulnerability Le Mans Université Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 - LE MANS cedex 9 FRANCE Tl 2

International Relations Department [email protected]

Innovation, Partnership and External Relations Department [email protected]

Research Department Centre for support for research Scientiﬁc and technical Support for European [email protected] culture centre projects centre Doctoral Studies Centre culture-scientiueuniv-lemans.fr [email protected] [email protected]