Can a Board Bring-Up Be Less Painful, If with Yocto and Linux?
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The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide
The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide Peter Jay Salzman Michael Burian Ori Pomerantz Copyright © 2001 Peter Jay Salzman 2007−05−18 ver 2.6.4 The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide is a free book; you may reproduce and/or modify it under the terms of the Open Software License, version 1.1. You can obtain a copy of this license at http://opensource.org/licenses/osl.php. This book is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but without any warranty, without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The author encourages wide distribution of this book for personal or commercial use, provided the above copyright notice remains intact and the method adheres to the provisions of the Open Software License. In summary, you may copy and distribute this book free of charge or for a profit. No explicit permission is required from the author for reproduction of this book in any medium, physical or electronic. Derivative works and translations of this document must be placed under the Open Software License, and the original copyright notice must remain intact. If you have contributed new material to this book, you must make the material and source code available for your revisions. Please make revisions and updates available directly to the document maintainer, Peter Jay Salzman <[email protected]>. This will allow for the merging of updates and provide consistent revisions to the Linux community. If you publish or distribute this book commercially, donations, royalties, and/or printed copies are greatly appreciated by the author and the Linux Documentation Project (LDP). -
Linux Scheduler Documentation
Linux Scheduler Documentation The kernel development community Jul 14, 2020 CONTENTS i ii CHAPTER ONE COMPLETIONS - “WAIT FOR COMPLETION”BARRIER APIS 1.1 Introduction: If you have one or more threads that must wait for some kernel activity to have reached a point or a specific state, completions can provide a race-free solution to this problem. Semantically they are somewhat like a pthread_barrier() and have similar use-cases. Completions are a code synchronization mechanism which is preferable to any misuse of locks/semaphores and busy-loops. Any time you think of using yield() or some quirky msleep(1) loop to allow something else to proceed, you probably want to look into using one of the wait_for_completion*() calls and complete() instead. The advantage of using completions is that they have a well defined, focused pur- pose which makes it very easy to see the intent of the code, but they also result in more efficient code as all threads can continue execution until the result isactually needed, and both the waiting and the signalling is highly efficient using low level scheduler sleep/wakeup facilities. Completions are built on top of the waitqueue and wakeup infrastructure of the Linux scheduler. The event the threads on the waitqueue are waiting for is reduced to a simple flag in ‘struct completion’, appropriately called “done”. As completions are scheduling related, the code can be found in ker- nel/sched/completion.c. 1.2 Usage: There are three main parts to using completions: • the initialization of the ‘struct completion’synchronization object • the waiting part through a call to one of the variants of wait_for_completion(), • the signaling side through a call to complete() or complete_all(). -
Version 7.8-Systemd
Linux From Scratch Version 7.8-systemd Created by Gerard Beekmans Edited by Douglas R. Reno Linux From Scratch: Version 7.8-systemd by Created by Gerard Beekmans and Edited by Douglas R. Reno Copyright © 1999-2015 Gerard Beekmans Copyright © 1999-2015, Gerard Beekmans All rights reserved. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the MIT License. Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Linux From Scratch - Version 7.8-systemd Table of Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................... vii i. Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. vii ii. Audience ............................................................................................................................................................ vii iii. LFS Target Architectures ................................................................................................................................ viii iv. LFS and Standards ............................................................................................................................................ ix v. Rationale for Packages in the Book .................................................................................................................... x vi. Prerequisites -
Linux for Zseries: Device Drivers and Installation Commands (March 4, 2002) Summary of Changes
Linux for zSeries Device Drivers and Installation Commands (March 4, 2002) Linux Kernel 2.4 LNUX-1103-07 Linux for zSeries Device Drivers and Installation Commands (March 4, 2002) Linux Kernel 2.4 LNUX-1103-07 Note Before using this document, be sure to read the information in “Notices” on page 207. Eighth Edition – (March 2002) This edition applies to the Linux for zSeries kernel 2.4 patch (made in September 2001) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2000, 2002. All rights reserved. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Summary of changes .........v Chapter 5. Linux for zSeries Console || Edition 8 changes.............v device drivers............27 Edition 7 changes.............v Console features .............28 Edition 6 changes ............vi Console kernel parameter syntax .......28 Edition 5 changes ............vi Console kernel examples ..........28 Edition 4 changes ............vi Usingtheconsole............28 Edition 3 changes ............vii Console – Use of VInput ..........30 Edition 2 changes ............vii Console limitations ............31 About this book ...........ix Chapter 6. Channel attached tape How this book is organized .........ix device driver ............33 Who should read this book .........ix Tapedriverfeatures...........33 Assumptions..............ix Tape character device front-end........34 Tape block -
Advances in Mobile Cloud Computing and Big Data in the 5G Era Studies in Big Data
Studies in Big Data 22 Constandinos X. Mavromoustakis George Mastorakis Ciprian Dobre Editors Advances in Mobile Cloud Computing and Big Data in the 5G Era Studies in Big Data Volume 22 Series editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] About this Series The series “Studies in Big Data” (SBD) publishes new developments and advances in the various areas of Big Data-quickly and with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, research, development, and applications of Big Data, as embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics, economics and life sciences. The books of the series refer to the analysis and understanding of large, complex, and/or distributed data sets generated from recent digital sources coming from sensors or other physical instruments as well as simulations, crowd sourcing, social networks or other internet transactions, such as emails or video click streams and other. The series contains monographs, lecture notes and edited volumes in Big Data spanning the areas of computational intelligence incl. neural networks, evolutionary computation, soft computing, fuzzy systems, as well as artificial intelligence, data mining, modern statistics and Operations research, as well as self-organizing systems. Of particular value to both the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution, which enable both wide and rapid dissemination of research output. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11970 Constandinos X. Mavromoustakis George Mastorakis ⋅ Ciprian Dobre Editors Advances in Mobile Cloud Computing and Big Data in the 5G Era 123 Editors Constandinos X. -
On the Defectiveness of SCHED DEADLINE W.R.T. Tardiness and Afinities, and a Partial Fix Stephen Tang Luca Abeni James H
On the Defectiveness of SCHED_DEADLINE w.r.t. Tardiness and Afinities, and a Partial Fix Stephen Tang Luca Abeni James H. Anderson [email protected] {sytang,anderson}@cs.unc.edu Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Pisa, Italy Chapel Hill, USA ABSTRACT create new DL tasks until existing DL tasks reduce their bandwidth SCHED_DEADLINE (DL for short) is an Earliest-Deadline-First consumption. Note that preventing over-utilization is only a neces- sary condition for guaranteeing that tasks meet deadlines. (EDF) scheduler included in the Linux kernel. A question motivated Instead of guaranteeing that deadlines will be met, AC satisfes by DL is how EDF should be implemented in the presence of CPU afnities to maintain optimal bounded tardiness guarantees. Recent two goals [3]. The frst goal is to provide performance guarantees. works have shown that under arbitrary afnities, DL does not main- Specifcally, AC guarantees to each DL task that its long-run con- tain such guarantees. Such works have also shown that repairing sumption of CPU bandwidth remains within a bounded margin DL to maintain these guarantees would likely require an impractical of error from a requested rate. The second goal is to avoid the overhaul of the existing code. In this work, we show that for the starvation of lower-priority non-DL workloads. Specifcally, AC special case where afnities are semi-partitioned, DL can be modi- guarantees that some user-specifed amount of CPU bandwidth fed to maintain tardiness guarantees with minor changes. We also will remain for the execution of non-DL workloads. -
Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training Slides
Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training © Copyright 2004-2021, Bootlin. Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license. Latest update: October 9, 2021. Document updates and sources: https://bootlin.com/doc/training/linux-kernel Corrections, suggestions, contributions and translations are welcome! embedded Linux and kernel engineering Send them to [email protected] - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 1/470 Rights to copy © Copyright 2004-2021, Bootlin License: Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode You are free: I to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work I to make derivative works I to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions: I Attribution. You must give the original author credit. I Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. I For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. I Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Document sources: https://github.com/bootlin/training-materials/ - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 2/470 Hyperlinks in the document There are many hyperlinks in the document I Regular hyperlinks: https://kernel.org/ I Kernel documentation links: dev-tools/kasan I Links to kernel source files and directories: drivers/input/ include/linux/fb.h I Links to the declarations, definitions and instances of kernel symbols (functions, types, data, structures): platform_get_irq() GFP_KERNEL struct file_operations - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 3/470 Company at a glance I Engineering company created in 2004, named ”Free Electrons” until Feb. -
El Núcleo Linux
El núcleo Linux Josep Jorba Esteve PID_00174426 GNUFDL • PID_00174426 El núcleo Linux Índice Introducción ................................................... ....... 5 Objetivos ................................................... ............ 6 1. El núcleo del sistema GNU/Linux .............................. 7 2. Personalización o actualización del núcleo................... 15 3. Proceso de configuración y compilación ...................... 18 3.1. Compilación antigua de la rama 2.4.x del núcleo . 20 3.2. Migración de 2.4 a la rama 2.6.x del núcleo. 25 3.3. Compilación de la rama 2.6.x del núcleo . 27 3.4. Compilación del núcleo en Debian (Debian Way)............. 30 4. Aplicación de parches al núcleo ................................ 35 5. Módulos del núcleo ............................................... 38 5.1. DKMS: módulos recompilados dinámicamente . 41 6. Virtualización en el núcleo ..................................... 44 6.1. KVM ............................................ .............. 46 7. Futuro del núcleo y alternativas ............................... 53 8. Taller de configuración del núcleo a las necesidades del usuario................................................... ...... 58 8.1. Configuración del núcleo en Debian . 58 8.2. Configuración del núcleo en Fedora/Red Hat . 61 8.3. Configuración de un núcleo genérico . 63 Resumen ................................................... ............ 66 Actividades ................................................... ......... 67 Bibliografía .................................................. -
RTEMS C User Documentation Release 4.11.3 ©Copyright 2016, RTEMS Project (Built 15Th February 2018)
RTEMS C User Documentation Release 4.11.3 ©Copyright 2016, RTEMS Project (built 15th February 2018) CONTENTS I RTEMS C User’s Guide1 1 Preface 5 2 Overview 9 2.1 Introduction...................................... 10 2.2 Real-time Application Systems............................ 11 2.3 Real-time Executive.................................. 12 2.4 RTEMS Application Architecture........................... 13 2.5 RTEMS Internal Architecture............................. 14 2.6 User Customization and Extensibility......................... 15 2.7 Portability....................................... 16 2.8 Memory Requirements................................. 17 2.9 Audience........................................ 18 2.10 Conventions...................................... 19 2.11 Manual Organization................................. 20 3 Key Concepts 23 3.1 Introduction...................................... 24 3.2 Objects......................................... 25 3.2.1 Object Names................................. 25 3.2.2 Object IDs................................... 25 3.2.2.1 Thirty-Two Object ID Format.................... 25 3.2.2.2 Sixteen Bit Object ID Format.................... 26 3.2.3 Object ID Description............................. 26 3.3 Communication and Synchronization........................ 27 3.4 Time.......................................... 28 3.5 Memory Management................................. 29 4 RTEMS Data Types 31 4.1 Introduction...................................... 32 4.2 List of Data Types.................................. -
Enabling Hardware Accelerated Video Decode on Intel® Atom™ Processor D2000 and N2000 Series Under Fedora 16
Enabling Hardware Accelerated Video Decode on Intel® Atom™ Processor D2000 and N2000 Series under Fedora 16 Application Note October 2012 Order Number: 509577-003US INFORMATIONLegal Lines and Disclaimers IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. A “Mission Critical Application” is any application in which failure of the Intel Product could result, directly or indirectly, in personal injury or death. SHOULD YOU PURCHASE OR USE INTEL'S PRODUCTS FOR ANY SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, YOU SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD INTEL AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, SUBCONTRACTORS AND AFFILIATES, AND THE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND EMPLOYEES OF EACH, HARMLESS AGAINST ALL CLAIMS COSTS, DAMAGES, AND EXPENSES AND REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES ARISING OUT OF, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY CLAIM OF PRODUCT LIABILITY, PERSONAL INJURY, OR DEATH ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, WHETHER OR NOT INTEL OR ITS SUBCONTRACTOR WAS NEGLIGENT IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, OR WARNING OF THE INTEL PRODUCT OR ANY OF ITS PARTS. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined”. -
Network Store: Exploring Slicing in Future 5G Networks
Network Store: Exploring Slicing in Future 5G Networks Navid Nikaein*, Eryk Schillerx, Romain Favraud*y, Kostas Katsalis\, Donatos Stavropoulos\, Islam Alyafawix, Zhongliang Zhaox, Torsten Braunx, and Thanasis Korakis\ *EURECOM, yDCNS xUniversity of Bern fi[email protected] [email protected] \University of Thessaly {kkatsalis,dostavro,korakis}@uth.gr ABSTRACT coupling between control and data planes, state-full design, In this paper, we present a revolutionary vision of 5G net- and dependency to dedicated hardware. The exploitation works, in which SDN programs wireless network functions, of cloud technologies, Software-Define Networking (SDN) and where Mobile Network Operators (MNO), Enterprises, and Network-Function Virtualization (NFV), can provide and Over-The-Top (OTT) third parties are provided with the necessary tools to break-down the vertical system or- NFV-ready Network Store. The proposed Network Store ganization, into a set of horizontal micro-service network serves as a digital distribution platform of programmable architectures. These can be used to combine relevant net- Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) that enable 5G ap- work functions together, assign the target performance pa- plication use-cases. Currently existing application stores, rameters, and map them onto infrastructure resources. such as Apple's App Store for iOS applications, Google's In this paper, we present the design of a 5G-ready archi- Play Store for Android, or Ubuntu's Software Center, deliver tecture and a NFV-based Network Store that can serve as applications to user specific software platforms. Our vision a digital distribution platform for 5G application use-cases. is to provide a digital marketplace, gathering 5G enabling The goal of the Network Store is to provide programmable Network Applications and Network Functions, written to run pieces of code that on-the-fly reserve required resources, de- on top of commodity cloud infrastructures, connected to re- ploy and run the necessary software components, configure mote radio heads (RRH). -
Embedded Operating Systems
7 Embedded Operating Systems Claudio Scordino1, Errico Guidieri1, Bruno Morelli1, Andrea Marongiu2,3, Giuseppe Tagliavini3 and Paolo Gai1 1Evidence SRL, Italy 2Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland 3University of Bologna, Italy In this chapter, we will provide a description of existing open-source operating systems (OSs) which have been analyzed with the objective of providing a porting for the reference architecture described in Chapter 2. Among the various possibilities, the ERIKA Enterprise RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) and Linux with preemption patches have been selected. A description of the porting effort on the reference architecture has also been provided. 7.1 Introduction In the past, OSs for high-performance computing (HPC) were based on custom-tailored solutions to fully exploit all performance opportunities of supercomputers. Nowadays, instead, HPC systems are being moved away from in-house OSs to more generic OS solutions like Linux. Such a trend can be observed in the TOP500 list [1] that includes the 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world, in which Linux dominates the competition. In fact, in around 20 years, Linux has been capable of conquering all the TOP500 list from scratch (for the first time in November 2017). Each manufacturer, however, still implements specific changes to the Linux OS to better exploit specific computer hardware features. This is especially true in the case of computing nodes in which lightweight kernels are used to speed up the computation. 173 174 Embedded Operating Systems Figure 7.1 Number of Linux-based supercomputers in the TOP500 list. Linux is a full-featured OS, originally designed to be used in server or desktop environments.