100% FACTS & FIGURES ABOUT DOING BUSINESS IN THE REGION 2017

SCANDINAVIA'S MOST EXPANSIVE REGION Why interest in billion Photo: Hans Wretling / Älvstranden Utveckling Gothenburg is record high 100 euros are expected to be invested by 2035 In Summer 2016, the American company Uber announced that it would be putting 100 self-driving XC90 cars into traffic in Pittsburgh. This collaboration is an example of how new, digitally-driven services are A valuable domestic market changing the shape of the business environment in Gothenburg. In Gothenburg, large construction projects are located right in the middle of the city, where the ethos is that this represents a fantastic opportunity to test something new. A domestic market with this attitude is of immense value for companies putting significant investments into R&D. The full chain is in place in Gothenburg – from the analysis of people's needs and society's challenges to in-demand products and Three reasons why interest in Gothenburg is rocketing international trade. What begins as concept development continues with the design of products and Gothenburg-based companies have, in recent years, invested millions in developing new services, testing in an urban environment and large-scale production. In addition, the city boasts global products and services. The names behind these large sums include global brands like marketing and established trade routes direct to the large export markets. Ericsson, AB Volvo, AstraZeneca, Saab, Volvo Cars and multiple other companies of various sizes. A quarter of the country's private R&D investments are made in the Gothenburg Challenges that call for new partnerships region. This has made the region a world leader in areas such as autonomous, connected But the city is also facing some substantial challenges. Certain competence is scarce in trade and industry and electrically-powered vehicles. here – not least in the construction sector. The consequences of segregation and a housing shortage are serious. These are putting Gothenburg's capacity for cooperation to the test. The business sector, Construction plans worth a total of 100 billion euros are attracting investors at a scope the city/region and the universities need to work together to take on these challenges. never previously seen in Gothenburg. Gothenburg is expanding in the ideal city location and offers unique testing possibilities for new services. The approach to collaboration has made Lindholmen one of 's most knowledge-rich areas. Another example is AstraZeneca, which has opened up its research facilities to small, promising companies working The rapid pace of digitalisation opens up opportunities for companies and people with in its networks. These collaboration models are new even from an international perspective. They contribute the ability to think creatively, such as the Gothenburg-based company Fingerprint Cards, both to finding answers to major societal issues and to making Gothenburg an interesting option for which creates smart ID solutions for billions of people. investments and establishments.

Gothenburg or Silicon Valley The three points are interconnected. San Francisco-based Uber's development collaboration BUSINESS REGION GÖTEBORG with Volvo Cars is a prime example. New solutions can come from high-technology industry in is responsible for business development in the City of Gothenburg Gothenburg just as easily as from new technology and services companies in the Silicon Valley. and represents thirteen municipalities in the region.

2 3 Contents:

A REGION MOVING FORWARD Page 7 –13 Gothenburg's labour market. 1. International and national competitiveness.

HIGH LEVEL OF GLOBAL INTERACTION Page 14–18 Import and export. Foreign-owned companies. 2. International visitors.

GROWTH & LABOUR MARKET Page 19–23 Emerging industries. Largest employment growth. 3. Employment rate.

BUSINESS Page 24–27 Largest employers. Prominent clusters. 4. Corporate climate and entrepreneurship.

POPULATION, LIFESTYLE & EDUCATION Page 28–30 5. Demographics. Level of education. Seats of learning.

COSTS & TAXES Page 31–34 6. Salary and rent levels. Tax regulations. Tax reductions.

CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Page 35–38 7. Waste management. Air quality. Green Gothenburg. Photo: Hans Wretling / Älvstranden Utveckling

4 5 1.

A REGION MOVING FORWARD The Gothenburg region is an attractive part of the country which is experiencing growth through a number of exciting developments. This transformation is illustrated in both national and international comparisons. Photo: Mostphotos / BRG 6 Photo: Per Pixel Peterson / Göteborg & Co 7 A REGION MOVING FORWARD A REGION MOVING FORWARD

Growth strategy – to expand in Growth in the Gothenburg terms of both population and area regional labour market The Gothenburg region is growing more rapidly than anyone could have predicted. since the year 2000 In addition, major investments are being made in infrastructure and urban development, which in turn attracts more commuters and new inhabitants. By around 2030, it is likely that Uddevalla, Trollhättan and Borås will be a part of Gothenburg's labour market. For example, commuting from Trolllhättan to Gothenburg has increased by just over 30 per cent in the last three years alone. This increase suggests that, in the near future, we will also be able to include Trollhättan and its surrounding municipalities in Gothenburg's labour market. For this reason, local politicians in the Gothenburg region have adopted a new, offensive growth strategy. 44,000 more workplaces

SOME OF THE KEY GOALS ARE:

10,000 new inhabitants per year. 63%increase in total wage sum By the year 2030, the entire Gothenburg region will be strengthened with a further 180,000 Uddevalla residences and 110,000 work places. Trollhättan Particular focus is being placed on the core of the region, central Gothenburg, where 45,000 residences and 60,000 work places 60%increase in GRP Borås will be added by 2030. (Gross regional product) GOTHENBURG Gothenburg's labour market in 2030 will encompass 1.75 million inhabitants, compared with 1.17 million inhabitants today. Varberg

40%increase in productivity Current labour market region Labour market region by 2030 170,000 new inhabitants

A local labour market is a division of Sweden based on commuting patterns. When commuting between municipalities reaches the extent that these municipalities can be seen to be dependent on one another, a labour market region is formed.

THE FOLLOWING 18 MUNICIPALITIES ARE INCLUDED IN GOTHENBURG'S LABOUR MARKET: Ale, Alingsås, Bollebygd, Falkenberg, Gothenburg, Härryda, Kungsbacka, Kungälv, Lerum, Lilla Edet, Mölndal, Orust, Partille, Stenungsund, Tjörn, Varberg, Vårgårda and Öckerö. 117,000more jobs

8 9 ww

A REGION MOVING FORWARD A REGION MOVING FORWARD

The Gothenburg region – a leading Innovations** research region which is highly REGIONAL INNOVATION SCOREBOARD 2016 competitive on the international stage INNOVATION LEADER AMONG 214 REGIONS Assesses the innovation performance of European regions. R&D SHARE OF GDP is named in the report as a European innovation leader. Among other things, the region achieves distinctions for: 1, 2… … 195, 196 • Increased employment within knowledge- 5 based professions Connectivity** • Process and product innovations within SME EUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS • Highly educated population OF THE FUTURE 2016/2017 • Export of high-technology goods Source: European Commission 9TH OF 468 CITIES/REGIONS

Ranks cities and regions in Europe with the SwedenOF SWEDEN'S TOTAL R&D INVESTMENTS, best IT and logistics infrastructure. OUR LEADING INDUSTRIES ACCOUNT FOR: Among large European cities, Gothenburg is ranked ninth when it comes to the best Growth potential* • Automotive – 61% IT and logistics infrastructure. PERFORMANCE INDEX 2014 Source: fDi • Chemicals, food and pharmaceuticals – 42% 10TH OF 117 REGIONS

• Professional services – 27% Assesses large European city regions with the best future growth potential. The Gothenburg region scores highly in: Competitiveness* • Economic growth of Sweden's total R&D investments within the EUROPE 2020 • Employment private sector are made in the Gothenburg region* REGIONAL INDEX Source: BAK Basel 25% 5TH OF 268 REGIONS * Refers to companies' R&D investments in Västra Götaland County. Source: Statistics Sweden Assesses how close EU regions are to their target strategies for achieving improved competitiveness. The Gothenburg region has achieved all of its established REAL R&D EXPENDITURE IN SEK PER EMPLOYEE IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR EU targets and is praised for, among other things: • Employment Competence** 80,000 Gothenburg region Stockholm region • Higher education level GLOBAL CITIES TALENT 70,000 Malmö region • R&D COMPETITIVENESS INDEX 2017 Sweden Source: European Commission 60,000 5TH OF 46 CITIES The index ranks cities on their capacity to attract, 50,000 develop and retain competence. Gothenburg's

40,000 high ranking is motivated by: • High quality of life 30,000 • Well-educated population

20,000 * Indicators refer to West Sweden. Source: INSEAD and Adecco ** Indicators refer to City of Gothenburg. 10,000 Source: 0 Statistics Sweden 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

10 11 A REGION MOVING FORWARD A REGION MOVING FORWARD

A strong growth engine Sweden's best logistics location

The Gothenburg region illustrates strong economic growth compared to a selection of similar The fact that Scandinavia's largest import/export port for the last decade is located here is just European benchmarking regions. Economic growth in the Gothenburg region has remained one of the reasons why the Gothenburg region is such a prominent logistical hub. The justification stable at around 1.5 per cent during the period 2006–2015, meaning that the region is for this designation is, according to Intelligent Logistik, based on the following factors: one of the five best performing regions in the selection of benchmarking regions. • Ocean-going direct routes and many freight trains to the whole of Sweden and Norway • New, large land resources for logistics, such as at the port in and Härryda ANNUAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BENCHMARKING REGIONS 2006–2015 close to Landvetter airport

3 • Short distance between the import port to warehouses results in low logistics costs • New, large logistics establishments 2 • Access to leading logistics competence 1 • An advanced, rapidly growing transport infrastructure with focus on the environment

% 0 • National centre for R&D within sustainable logistics solutions and transport

-1 Source: Intelligent Logistik * Refers to Västra Götaland's County. Source: BAK Basel Lille region Lille Oslo region Oslo Lyon region Lyon Milan region Milan Vienna region Vienna Helsinki region Helsinki Öresund region Öresund Western Europe Western Hamburg region Hamburg Stuttgart region Stuttgart Frankfurt region Frankfurt Stockholm region Stockholm Gothenburg region*

Growth in Swedish metropolitan regions The metropolitan regions* form the backbone of growth in Sweden. Among the metropolitan regions, the labour markets in Gothenburg and Stockholm exhibit the strongest growth in employment. With regard to total wage sums, Gothenburg's labour market exhibits the strongest growth. The most significant growth in value added (gross regional product) is seen in Stockholm's labour market, closely followed by Gothenburg. The labour markets in both the Stockholm and Gothenburg regions are growing at a faster rate than Malmö's labour market and Sweden as a whole. The robust growth in jobs in Gothenburg's labour market is largely driven by the high value added generated in the region's production of goods and services.

* Refers to statistics for labour market regions. Source: Statistics Sweden Gothenburg of Port Photo:

SWEDEN'S 10 BEST NORDIC COMPARISON OF CARGO Gothenburg region Source: Statistics Sweden LOGISTICS REGIONS 2017 HANDLED IN 2015** Stockholm region VOLUME OF GOODS, Malmö region RANK* REGION RANKING / CITY / (COUNTRY) 1,000 TONNES Sweden 1 (1) Gothenburg region 1 Gothenburg (Sweden) 37,8 3 8 3.5% 3.2% 2 (2) Örebro region 2 Helsinki (Finland) 11,416 3.4% 3.1% 3 (3) Östgöta region 3 Fredericia (Denmark) 8,630

3.0% 4 (4) Stockholm North 4 Århus (Denmark) 7,707 1.5% 2.7% 1.5% 2.7% 5 (6) Helsingborg region 5 Stockholm (Sweden) 7,567 2.3% 1.3% 5 (7) Eskilstuna/Strängnäs 6 Oslo (Norway) 5,768 Source: Eurostat 7 (5) Jönköping region 1.0% 8 (9) Stockholm South * Figure in parentheses indicates ranking in Logistikläget 2016. Employment Total salaries Gross regional product 9 (11) Halmstad region ** Statistics refer solely to full service ports. Annual growth in number Annual real growth in total Annual real growth in gross regional 10 (8) Västerås/Köping of employees 2000–2015 wage sums 2000–2015 product 2000–2014 Source: Intelligent Logistik

12 13 HIGH LEVEL OF GLOBAL INTERACTION

Exports to the region’s TOP 10 EXPORT DESTINATIONS 2016 largest trading partners VALUE OF EXPORTED RANK COUNTRY GOODS 2016, MSEK The real value of the Gothenburg region's goods 1 USA 26,734 exports increased by 6 per cent between 2015 and 2016. During the same period, real growth 2 Norway 26,438 in Sweden's goods exports remained essentially 3 Germany 19,541 unchanged. The positive development of exports 4 Denmark 15,236 in the region can largely be explained by its competitive products which generate high added 5 UK 13,040 value for the innovative business environment. 6 Finland 12,895

The USA retains its position as the Gothenburg 7 China 12,691 region’s most important export market, followed 8 Netherlands 9,980 by Norway. Germany and Denmark are two further key destinations for the Gothenburg region's 9 France 9,049 goods exports. 10 Japan 3,864

Source: Statistics Sweden Västra Götaland County total 238,882

Gothenburg region total 192,191 The region's4,300 Gothenburg region's share of Swedish exports 16% export companies constitute approximately two thirds of Västra Götaland County's total export companies and 2. just over 9 per cent of all Sweden's export companies. TOP 10 IMPORT COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN 2016 VALUE OF IMPORTED Imports from the region’s RANK COUNTRY GOODS 2016, MSEK

largest trading partners 1 Germany 39,052

In contrast to the Gothenburg region's goods 2 Netherlands 19,171 exports, the import of goods into the region 3 Norway 14,660 developed in line with Sweden as a whole between 2015 and 2016. Real growth 4 UK 14,538 landed at 2 per cent for both the Gothenburg 5 Denmark 13,811 region and Sweden. All import origins on the 6 China 13,387 top 10 list are also included on the list of HIGH LEVEL OF 7 France 8,180 the Gothenburg region's 10 most important export destinations. The Gothenburg region's 8 USA 5,470 comprehensive bilateral trade figures are 9 Finland 4,437 GLOBAL INTERACTION an important indicator that the region's 10 Japan 2,957 companies benefit from the opposing Västra Götaland County total 217,608 country's technologies. Shipping and international trade have been integral to the Gothenburg region total 173,928 Source: Statistics Sweden Gothenburg region for almost 400 years. Of course, the cargo Gothenburg region's share of Swedish imports 15% has changed somewhat over the years, but the flow of goods

continues to play a critical role for the development and growth of The region's imports and exports IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOODS the region's companies. Every fifth employee in the Gothenburg The majority of the Gothenburg region's exported BY PRODUCT GROUP 2016 goods comprise vehicles and other means of Motor vehicles and other region works in a foreign-owned company. At the same time, transport equipment transport – an industry which is also largest in Other machines and manufactured goods new records are being set for travelling to and from the region. terms of import value. The product groups other Computers, electronic and optical products machinery and manufactured goods, as well as Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, Value of exported goods computers, electronics and optics account for a rubber and plastics 2016, MSEK Wood, paper and printing services substantial portion of goods exchange with trading Value of imported goods Unless otherwise specified, the statistics in this and the chapters to come refer partners. The automotive industry demonstrated Basic metals and fabricated metal products 2016, MSEK to the 13 member municipalities in the Gothenburg region’s municipal association: the highest increase in goods exports between Te xtiles and clothes 2015 and 2016. Measured in real SEK, goods Ale, Alingsås, Göteborg, Härryda, Kungsbacka, Kungälv, Lerum, Lilla Edet, Mölndal, Coke and petroleum exports in the automotive industry increased Partille, Stenungsund, Tjörn and Öckerö Products connected to services * by a full SEK 13 billion. The product group Food products, beverages and tobacco ! computers, electronics and optics accounted * Import value is confidential. for a considerable upswing in goods exports, Products of agriculture, forestry and fishing with a real increase of approximately 4 billion. Mining and quarrying *

Source: Statistics Sweden 0 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000

14 Photo: upper Port of Gothenburg, lower Matton / BRG 15 HIGH LEVEL OF GLOBAL INTERACTION HIGH LEVEL OF GLOBAL INTERACTION

Strong growth in exported goods ANNUAL REAL GROWTH IN GOODS EXPORTS Many foreign-owned NUMBER OF FOREIGN-OWNED COMPANIES from the Gothenburg region IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION AND SWEDEN 2010–2016 companies in the region AND WORK PLACES 1990–2015

Since 2010, the Gothenburg region has 2020 Since 1990, the number of foreign-owned 30003,000 experienced strong growth in goods exports, companies in the Gothenburg region has grown Work places and with the exception of 2012, goods exports 1515 steadily. In 2015 there were approximately Companies from the region have been at a much stronger 2,300 foreign-owned companies in the Gothen- 25002,500 10 level than for Sweden as a whole. In 2016, the 10 burg region. These foreign-owned companies Gothenburg region noted a real increase in goods accounted for approximately 3,000 work places 55 2,000 exports of 6 per cent, while the corresponding in the Gothenburg region. From 2014 to 2015, 2000 figure for Sweden as a whole was marginal. % 0 0 the number of foreign-owned companies in the Gothenburg region decreased by about 20. 1,500 Source: Statistics Sweden -5 1500 -5 The most foreign-owned companies in the region Sweden originate from Norway, followed by Germany, -10-10 Gothenburg region the USA and Denmark. 10001,000 -15 -15 Source: Statistics Sweden 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 -20 500 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

The number of employees

in foreign-owned companies NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN FOREIGN-OWNED COMPANIES 1990–2015 is increasing 9000090,000 The number of employees in foreign-owned companies has almost quadrupled during the 8000080,000 period 1990–2015. In 2015, just over 84,000 7000070,000 people were employed by foreign-owned companies in the Gothenburg region. In spite of 6000060,000 the decrease in foreign-owned companies in the 5000050,000 Gothenburg region during the period 2014–2015, the number of employees in these companies 4000040,000 rose by 4 per cent (equivalent to around 3,000 30,000 employees). The most substantial increases in 30000 employee numbers among foreign-owned 2000020,000 companies were seen in companies from China, 10,000 Denmark and the Netherlands. In Sweden as a 10000 whole, the number of employees in foreign-owned 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2006 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 companies decreased by around 0.5 per cent.

Source: Statistics Sweden Photo: Port of Gothenburg of Port Photo:

Norway tops the list, with the THE 10 MOST COMMON COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN AMONG FOREIGN-OWNED COMPANIES Highest value of goods GOODS EXPORTS IN SEK PER EMPLOYEE IN METROPOLITAN UK experiencing most growth NUMBER OF NUMBER OF REGIONS AND SWEDEN 2016 The list of countries which own companies in exports per employee in COMPANIES COMPANIES CHANGE the Gothenburg region is dominated by RANK* COUNTRY 2014 2015 2014–2015 Gothenburg region 400,000 40 Northwestern Europe. Norway tops the list as 1 (1) Norway 461 463 2 The fact that the Gothenburg region's the country with most foreign-owned companies, 350,00035 companies are export intensive can be followed by Germany and the USA. An additional 2 (2) Germany 280 275 -5 ascertained from studying goods exports in 300,00030 18 companies with UK ownership have been 3 (3) USA 227 221 -6 SEK per employee. In 2016, the Gothenburg established, while 19 companies from 4 (4) Denmark 214 215 1 region's companies exported goods at a 250,00025 Luxembourg have been discontinued, meaning value of approximately SEK 400,000 per that the Netherlands overtakes Luxembourg 5 (5) UK 173 191 18 200,000 employee. The Gothenburg region's generated 20 to take sixth position on the list. 6 (7) Netherlands 142 141 -1 export value per employee is substantially 150,000 Source: Statistics Sweden 7 (6) Luxembourg 143 124 -19 higher than that of the other two metropolitan 15 regions and Sweden as a whole. 100,00010 8 (8) Finland 111 115 4 Source: Statistics Sweden 9 (9) France 86 81 -5 5,000 5 10 (10) Switzerland 66 64 -2 0 Gothenburg region total 2,297 2,274 -23 Sweden Gothenburg Stockholm Malmö region region region * Figure in parentheses refers to rank in 2014

16 17 HIGH LEVEL OF GLOBAL INTERACTION

Record numbers for trips NUMBER OF AIR PASSENGERS AND OVERNIGHT to and from the region and STAYS IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION for overnight stays 700007 Millions of air passengers Gothenburg Landvetter Airport set a new Millions of overnight stays record in 2016 with approximately 6.4 million 600006 air passengers. Never before have so many air travellers made the journey to and from the Gothenburg region's largest airport. The region's50000 5 hotels, cabin villages and hostels also experienced a good 2016, with overnight stays reaching a 4 record of 4.7 million. The top five countries 40000 of origin of foreign visitors for 2016 is unchanged compared with the previous year. 300003 Norwegians are the most numerous visitors, followed by Germans, Brits, Danes and Americans. 2

20000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: Swedish Transport Agency and Statistics Sweden 3.

GROWTH & LABOUR MARKET

Photo: Göran Assner Göran Photo: The Gothenburg region's business environment is characterised by global and knowledge-intensive manufacturing companies, such as Volvo, SKF and AstraZeneca, among others. The total The international FOREIGN-BORN INHABITANTS 2016 population is increasing wage sum in the Gothenburg region is growing at a faster rate NUMBER NUMBER CHANGE 2015–2016 In 2016, around 190,000 inhabitants of COUNTRY 2015 2016 IN NUMBER IN PER CENT than the country as a whole and other metropolitan regions. the Gothenburg region were born abroad Iraq 15,292 15,558 266 1.7% Above all, this growth is most prominent within the construction (19 per cent of the region's population). Compared with the previous year, this is an Iran 14,826 15,128 302 2.0% industry and the services sector. Overall, the region experiences increase of around 9,000 foreign-born Finland 11,187 10,922 -265 -2.4% growth at a higher rate than the national average. A rapidly inhabitants, equivalent to a 5 per cent increase. Poland 8,842 9,065 223 2.5% Iraq, Iran and Finland head the list of country expanding knowledge-intensive services sector supports the of birth. Somalia has advanced from its position Bosnia and Herzegovina 8,700 8,849 149 1.7% manufacturing companies. The region's business environment in 2015 to overtake the former Yugoslavia Somalia 7,932 8,531 599 7.6% for sixth place. Those born in Syria have seen is gaining further nuance through growing businesses in the Former Yugoslavia 8,388 8,320 -68 -0.8% the largest increase, in terms of number and hotels and restaurants, construction and real estate industries. percentage, while Finnish-born inhabitants Syria 5,476 8,085 2,609 47.6% have decreased the most. Turkey 4,993 5,177 184 3.7%

Source: Statistics Sweden Norway 4,937 4,923 -14 -0.3%

Gothenburg region total 180,408 189,329 8,921 4.9%

18 Photo: upper Jennie Smith / Göteborg & Co, lower Göran Assner / BRG 19 GROWTH & LABOUR MARKET GROWTH & LABOUR MARKET

The Gothenburg region ANNUAL REAL GROWTH IN TOTAL WAGE SUM 2001–2016 Healthcare and care sector EMPLOYMENT (+16 YEARS OF AGE) BY SECTOR 2015 – an engine for growth has the most employees 6,06 GOTHENBURG in Sweden Gothenburg region Sweden Healthcare and care is the sector with the SECTOR REGION % SWEDEN % 5,5 most employees in the Gothenburg region, In 2016, real total wage sum levels in the 5,05 Health care and care 76,002 15.1 786,549 16.6 Gothenburg region grew by 4.6 per cent. followed by business services. Compared with Commerce 69,921 13.9 553,322 11.7 The Gothenburg region experienced a 4,5 Sweden as a whole, the Gothenburg region 4 higher rate of growth in the real total wage 4,0 has a larger proportion of its population Business services 65,416 13.0 572,862 12.1 employed within business services, retail, sum than Sweden as a whole, which grew 3,5 Manufacturing and mining 64,333 12.8 560,475 11.9 by just under 4 per cent in 2016. 3,03 manufacturing and transport. Education 51,692 10.3 498,757 10.6 Source: Statistics Sweden 2,5 Source: Statistics Sweden 2,02 Construction 32,699 6.5 333,079 7.0 1,5 Transportation 27,878 5.5 224,663 4.8 1,01 Public administration 24,718 4.9 271,747 5.8 0,5 Personal and cultural services 21,931 4.4 209,780 4.4 % 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0,0 2001 2007 2008 Information and communication 21,765 4.3 178,994 3.8 76,002 Hotels and restaurants 18,570 3.7 164,006 3.5 employed in healthcare and care in Property 8,651 1.7 76,821 1.6 the Gothenburg region in 2015 Financial services and insurance 7,222 1.4 92,600 2.0

Energy and the environment 4,831 1.0 53,067 1.1 The construction and services sectors Unknown 4,371 0.9 49,311 1.0 have experienced the highest real growth Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2,614 0.5 99,312 2.1 in total wage sum Total 502,614 4,725,345 The average annual growth in real wage sum levels in the A good measure of regional growth Gothenburg region during the period 2000–2016 has been is to assess the development of the around 3.5 per cent. In terms of individual industries, the largest total wage sum. This figure can growth has occurred within the construction sector, followed by go up as a result of increased the services sector. The economic situation in the construction productivity or by more Employment in the Gothenburg region sector is predicted to be strong during the coming year. The people being employed. companies' highly developed services and a booming public is growing faster than the nation sector are contributing ever more to the region's economy. In 2015, there were approximately 503,000 individuals employed in the Gothenburg region. This represents an increase of 26 per cent 502,614 Source: Statistics Sweden The number of employed in the since the year 2000, or 104,000 employed persons. Gothenburg region in 2015 Source: Statistics Sweden ANNUAL REAL GROWTH IN TOTAL WAGE SUM BY SECTOR IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2000–2016

EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION AND SWEDEN 2001–2015

44 Gothenburg region Sweden 4.9% 3.9% 33 2 CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES SERVICE COMPANIES 2 11 %00 -1-1 -2-2 -3-3 2008 3.5% 1.6% -4 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -4 PUBLIC SECTOR INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES

20 21 GROWTH & LABOUR MARKET GROWTH & LABOUR MARKET

Greatest job growth in PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR 2009–2015 Unemployment in the UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG 16–64 YEAR OLDS, business services Gothenburg region lowest ANNUAL AVERAGE FROM 2000 ONWARDS All sectors in the Gothenburg region have Business services among metropolitan regions 1010 Hotels and restaurants demonstrated an increase in the number of In 2007, both Gothenburg and Sweden as a Gothenburg region Sweden Education employees following the financial crisis in 2008. whole reported largely similar unemployment Construction The Swedish manufacturing and extraction rates. The positive development of employment Property sector has experienced negative growth, while in the Gothenburg region from the year 2010 Information and communication 8 the Gothenburg region is heading in the other onwards has resulted in a continued decrease in Public administration direction. Business services is the sector unemployment. Unemployment in the Gothen- Personal and cultural services experiencing the highest growth in the Gothen- burg region is lowest among the country's burg region, followed by hotels and restaurants. Healthcare and care Energy and the environment metropolitan regions, and around 2 percentage Compared with Sweden, the Gothenburg region Gothenburg region 6 Commerce points lower than in Sweden. 6 has a much larger employment growth rate within Sweden Manufacturing and mining Source: Swedish Public Employment Service and Statistics Sweden manufacturing, information and communication, Transportation education and professional services, while Financial services and insurance Sweden overall demonstrates more robust -10 0 10 20 30 % % 4 2008 2010 2012 2014 -10 0 10 20 30 2016 2000 2004 2001 2009 2003 2005 2011 2002 2013 2015 2007 growth within energy and environment, 4 2006 retail and hotels and restaurants.

Source: Statistics Sweden

Office-based employees in the Gothen- Small companies CHANGE IN NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES BY SIZE CATEGORY 2006–2016 burg region will increase by experiencing the most rapid 4040 100,000 growth in employees from today's 150,000 Since 2006, companies with 1–4 employees 30% employees to around have experienced the strongest percentage 3030 growth in employment in the Gothenburg region. 25% During the period 2006–2016, employees in 21% 250,000 companies with 1–4 employees rose by 30 per 20 employees in 2035. cent. Companies with 5–19 employees and the 20 17% region's largest companies also demonstrate Source: Evidens high percentage growth in employees. However, in terms of absolute number, companies with 1010 20–199 employees are clearly growing the most, with more than 27,000 new employees during the period 2006–2016. % 0 Source: Statistics Sweden 1–4 5–19 20–199 200> employees employees employees employees

Small establishments account ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2006 AND 2016, for the majority of the region's BY SIZE CATEGORY total establishments NUMBER OF NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS ESTABLISHMENTS CHANGE The Gothenburg region's numerous small SIZE CATEGORY 2006 2016 2006–2016 establishments provide the majority of the region's Establishments 58,256 74,921 16,665 establishments (approximately 90 per cent of the without employees establishments have fewer than five employees). 1–4 employees 17,811 24,703 6,892 Between 2006 and 2016, the number of establishments increased by just over 26,000. 5–19 employees 8,218 10,139 1,921 By far and away the largest increase in establish- 20–199 employees 3,350 3,943 593 ments was found among the region's self- 200> employees 202 264 62 employed (i.e. establishments without employees), followed by establishments with 1–4 employees. Total 87,837 113,970 26,133

Source: Statistics Sweden

establishments in total in the Gothenburg region 2016 Photo: Bengt Kjellin / BRG 113,970

22 23 BUSINESS

Knowledge-intensive LARGEST COMPANIES IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION industries are largest BY NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES The majority of the largest companies in the RANK COMPANY NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 2016 Gothenburg region engage in research and development operations at a world-leading 1 Volvo Cars 13,175 level. Volvo Cars, with its development and 2 Volvo Trucks * 3,775 production in Torslanda, is the single largest 3 Chalmers University of Technology 3,225 private employer in the Gothenburg region. However, Chalmers is the company to have 4 SKF 2,600 employed the most people during 2016. 5 Postnord 2,525 Following HCL's takeover of certain business 6 AstraZeneca 2,175 areas from Volvo Information Technology, the company has dropped a few places 7 Ericsson 2,075 down the list. 8 Volvo Information Technology* 1,575

Source: Statistics Sweden 9 Samhall 1,525

10 SCA Hygiene Products 1,375

* Part of the Volvo Group, which employs a total of 12,100 people in the Gothenburg region.

4. Companies reporting LARGEST COMPANIES IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION the largest turnover BY TURNOVER The list of the Gothenburg region's companies RANK COMPANY TURNOVER 31-12-2015, MSEK reporting the largest turnover* includes AB Volvo, which is in fact the company with 1 AB Volvo 317,10 0 Sweden's largest turnover. In second place 2 Volvo Cars 124,500 is Volvo Cars, followed by SKF, Carl Bennet 3 SKF 76,100 and Stena. 4 Carl Bennet 42,700 * Only companies with their head office in the Gothenburg region. 5 Stena 33,600

Source: www.va500.se 6 Getinge 30,500 BUSINESS 7 Cellmark 22,600 8 Bilia 20,700

The Gothenburg region is home to a broad and 9 Stena Metall 20,000

multifaceted business environment. 93 per cent of 10 Akzo Nobel 14,700 Sweden's industries are represented here. A total of 750 industries can be identified in the region. Some of the world's leading companies within their Companies with the LARGEST COMPANIES IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION industries are headquartered in the region. The largest market value BY MARKET VALUE One more way of assessing a company's Gothenburg region is also characterised by a strong RANK COMPANY MARKET VALUE 31-12-2016, MSEK size is to consider its market value*. entrepreneurial spirit, with around 7,700 new AB Volvo tops the list, followed by SKF, 1 AB Volvo 250,727 companies being started in 2016. the investment company Latour and the 2 SKF 76,888 real estate companies Balder and Castellum. 3 Latour 53,874 Getinge, Fingerprint Cards and Collector are new names in the top 10 list. 4 Balder 33,785 5 Castellum 33,631 * Only companies with their head office in the Gothenburg region. 6 Getinge 33,579

Source: Avanza 7 Wallenstam 23,647

8 Fingerprint Cards 16,479

9 Bilia 10,614

10 Collector 10,566

24 Photo: upper Port of Gothenburg, lower Jennie Smith / Göteborg & Co 25 BUSINESS BUSINESS

Prominent clusters in a EXAMPLES OF PROMINENT CLUSTERS Industry investments INDUSTRY INVESTMENTS IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION* IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION multitude of industries in the Gothenburg region INDUSTRY PERCENTAGE OF PERCENTAGE YEAR INVESTMENTS, MSEK VÄSTRA GÖTALAND OF SWEDEN The Gothenburg region benefits from a NUMBER OF NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES Industry investments in the Gothenburg ESTABLISH- EMPLOYEES PER ESTABLISH- unique level of cooperation between trade region have been on the rise since 2001 7,000 51% 13% CLUSTER MENTS 2016 2016 MENT and industry, academia and the public sector. the crisis years. In 2014 the industry 2002 7,10 0 49% 14% This has created the conditions for numerous Construction 11,431 41,292 4 investments surpassed the level seen 2003 7,40 0 61% 15% strong clusters, with an emphasis on R&D Transportation, logistics at the beginning of the 2000s and up 2004 7, 20 0 59% 15% 3,711 30,331 8 operations, advanced manufacturing and and infrastructure until the crisis. 2005 7,60 0 48% 13% 2006 11,000 68% 19% logistics. The table to the right displays ICT industries 6,186 28,357 5 Source: Statistics Sweden and Region Västra Götaland the number of employees and number of 2007 8,300 59% 13% establishments in the region's clusters. Automotive 132 24,556 186 2008 8,200 67% 12% In terms of the number of employees per Creative and cultural 2009 7,40 0 76% 16% 13,072 13,421 1 establishment, the smaller companies are industries 2010 3,500 44% 8% usually active in creative and cultural spheres, Life sciences 608 9,358 15 2011 3,300 55% 7%

while the larger companies operate in the Cleantech 1,367 7,766 6 2012 4,500 65% 8% automotive cluster. 2013 4,800 70% 9% Finance 2,790 7,538 3 2014 10,100 84% 18% Source: Statistics Sweden and Business Region Göteborg Chemistry and Materials 246 5,473 22 2015 9,600 80% 16% Maritime industries 1,467 5,293 4 2016 (forecast) 10,400 81% 17% * The application of a new method for drawing up this * Investments in buildings and machinery at 2008 prices. cluster summary entails such that the right hand Clusters total 41,010 173,385 4 table is not comparable with previous summaries. Clusters' share of 36% 36% the Gothenburg region Investments in housing and INVESTMENT VOLUME IN SEK BILLIONS IN OFFICE PREMISES, office premises in the region FACILITIES AND HOUSING IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2008–2018 Large construction projects will proliferate 7070 in the coming years. During 2015, roughly Office premises Facilities SEK 49 billion was invested in facilities, 60 60 Housing housing and office premises in the Gothen- 16 16 93% burg region. The forecast for 2016 indicates 50 50 16 of all industries in Sweden investment volumes totalling SEK 55 billion. 15 40 11 12 are represented in the Up until 2035, investment volumes in the 40 14 12 15 Gothenburg region Gothenburg region are expected to amount 13 10 12 12 30 9 to over SEK 1,000 billion. 30 7 10 7 6 9 Source: Swedish Construction Federation 8 7 8 2020 33 29 32 24 24 1010 19 22 21 19 19 20 SEK billions0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 forecast forecast forecast Photo: Jernhusen Photo: Retail and the manufacturing TURNOVER IN MSEK BY SECTOR 2015 industry account for the Every tenth new start-up NUMBER OF START-UP COMPANIES INDUSTRY TURNOVER 2015, MSEK PERCENTAGE company is located in the IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION 2000–2016 most turnover Commerce 362,343 32.5% In 2015, total turnover in the Gothenburg Manufacturing and mining 249,080 22.3% Gothenburg region 10,000 10000 region amounted to roughly SEK 1,116 billion. Business services 169,794 15.2% The Gothenburg region is intently focused Retail, together with manufacturing and Transportation 91,723 8.2% on facilitating the start-up process for mining, accounted for more than half of Construction 66,428 6.0% entrepreneurs. Since 2000, the number 80008,000 the total turnover in the region. Business Information and communication 51,186 4.6% of start-ups has nearly doubled. In 2016, services, transportation and construction Real estate 37,351 3.3% around 7,700 new companies were started operations also constitute a significant Finance and insurance 22,544 2.0% in the Gothenburg region, corresponding 6,000 proportion of the region's turnover. Energy and environment 17,714 1.6% to 11 per cent of all start-ups in Sweden. 6000 Source: Statistics Sweden Hotel and restaurants 14,579 1.3% Source: Growth Analysis Education 10,076 0.9% Personal and cultural services 8,410 0.8% 4,000 4000 Healthcare and care 7,874 0.7% Unknown 2,693 0.2% Public authorities 2,551 0.2% 2,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 7,703 2000 2007 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2,090 0.2% start-ups in 2016 Gothenburg region total 1,116,436 100.0%

26 27 POPULATION, LIFESTYLE & EDUCATION

Population growth continuing POPULATION OF THE GOTHENBURG REGION For many years, the Gothenburg region has 1,200,000 had a positive birth rate and net positive 1200000 Population migration. In 2016, the population of the 11500001,150,000 Population forecast region increased by approximately 15,000 inhabitants. If the annual growth rate of 11000001,100,000 around 11,000 inhabitants were to continue, 1,050,000 the region would be home to approximately 1050000 1.2 million people in 2030. 10000001,000,000 Source: Statistics Sweden and Region Västra Götaland 950000950,000 900000900,000 850000850,000

800,000 2000 997,446 800000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 inhabitants in the Gothenburg region during 2016

5. To live and work in ANNUAL POPULATION GROWTH a growing region 2,02.0 Every year since 2000, the Gothenburg region's Gothenburg region population has increased by around one per cent, Sweden with the region seeing a greater growth than 1.5 Sweden throughout the entirety of the 2000s. 1,5 In 2016, the absolute increase was largest in the age group 25–34, which increased by around 5,200 new inhabitants. A large increase 1,01.0 was also seen in the age group 5–14, with approximately 3,000 new inhabitants. POPULATION, Source: Statistics Sweden 0,50.5

% 0 LIFESTYLE 0,0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 & EDUCATION

More and more people are choosing to live and work in the Younger than the POPULATION 2016 BY AGE GROUP

Gothenburg region. In 2017 there will be more than one national average 35 million inhabitants in the region. In 2016, the population By comparing different age groups in Gothenburg region Sweden Gothenburg region to those of Sweden it 30 of the region increased by approximately 15,000 inhabitants. becomes clear that the region's population The population is relatively young and more highly educated is relatively young. The age group 0–44 is 25 larger than the national composition, while than the national average. Access to academic education the age group 45–65 is smaller. 20

and world-class companies makes the region more attractive. Source: Statistics Sweden 15 The Gothenburg region's two major higher learning institutes collectively have around 50,000 students. In terms 10 of human capital and lifestyle, Gothenburg ranks highly 5

among large European cities. % 0 0–24 25–44 45–64 65+

28 Photo: upper Kjell Holmner / Göteborg & Co, lower Jonathan Fernström / BRG 29 POPULATION, LIFESTYLE & EDUCATION

Higher level of education HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION COMPLETED than the national average AMONG THOSE AGED 25–64, 2015 Compared with Sweden as a whole, a larger Tertiary education and research education proportion of the age group 25–64 in the Gothenburg region has a post-secondary education, up to the level of research- based education. Secondary education Source: Statistics Sweden

Primary education

Gothenburg region Sweden

0 10 20 30 40 50 %

Higher-learning institutes in the Gothenburg region 6. The region's two major higher learning institutions are Chalmers University of Technology, with 13,000 students, and the University of Gothenburg, with 37,000. Both universities are among the world's elite in numerous areas of research, with around 50 departments providing education. Source: University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology 7,000 highly-educated technical professionals change employers in NUMBER OF STUDENTS AT CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF the Gothenburg region – which TECHNOLOGY AND UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2016 promotes productivity. Source: Statistics Sweden and CIRCLE COSTS & TAXES approx. 50,000 It is relatively beneficial to establish a company in Gothenburg. The corporate tax rate is low and the rental market is among the hottest in Europe. In addition, foreign key workers in Sweden are 1 billion granted a certain degree of tax relief. SEK was the Gothenburg region's net cost for culture. Per inhabitant, the 1st place Gothenburg region's cost for culture is just over SEK 1,000 per year.

Gothenburg is seen as the most social Source: Swedish Agency for of the three metropolitan regions Cultural Policy Analysis and its inhabitants are the most liberal in relation to others' lifestyles.

Source: hostelworld.com

30 Photo: upper Superstudio / Göteborg & Co, lower Beatrice Törnrös / Göteborg & Co Photo: upper Bengt Kjellin / BRG, lower Elisabeth Dunker / Göteborg & Co 31 COSTS & TAXES COSTS & TAXES

Fees for employers EMPLOYER'S CONTRIBUTIONS FOR SOCIAL INSURANCE Office rental OFFICE RENTAL PRICES PER AREA Q4 2016

All employers pay social security contributions % OF SALARY 2017 Rental prices vary considerably between SEK/m2 per year for their employees. These comprise funding different districts in Gothenburg. The map Retirement pension charge 10.21 3,000 for pensions, health care and other social below provides an overview of the various benefits. The charge amounts to a total of Survivors' pension charge 0.70 areas of Gothenburg, with a summary of 2,500 31.42 per cent. Health insurance charge 4.35 rental prices for these areas listed to the right. The highest rent is paid in the CBD*, Source: The Tax Agency Parental insurance 2.60 while the lowest rent is observed in West 2,000 Work injury charge 0.20 and East Gothenburg.

Labour market charge 2.64 Source: JLL 1,500 General payroll charge 10.72 25% Total statutory employer's contributions 1,000 31.42 Tax relief for foreign key personnel for social insurance HISINGEN E20 Source: Taxation of Research Workers Board 500

NORRA ÄLVSTRANDEN MARKET SALARY STATISTICS 2016* CBD* 0 MONTHLY SALARY (SEK) EAST GOTHENBURG CBD* Other Norra Other West East Mölndal PROFESSION 10TH PER- 40TH PER- 60TH PER- 90TH PER- inner city Älvstranden Hisingen Gothenburg Gothenburg Salary levels in CENTILE CENTILE CENTILE CENTILE OTHER INNER CITY the Gothenburg Region Management: economy and finance 35,400 54,200 65,000 105,300 * Central Business District.

Reporting the salary spread with the help of Middle management: economy 37, 20 0 48,600 59,000 84,300 E6 percentile gives a fair view of the most common and finance WEST GOTHENBURG MÖLNDAL salaries. In the adjacent table, the value in the Management: personnel and HR 35,000 52,900 64,100 103,300 column for, for example, the 10th percentile Middle management: personnel and HR 34,900 48,000 58,300 82,800 corresponds to the top earning 10 per cent Management: administration of the respective category. E.g., 10 per cent 43,000 59,300 73,000 138,300 and planning of the region's shop assistants within retail CORPORATE TAX RATES – A EUROPEAN COMPARISON Middle management: administration Competitive corporate tax earn SEK 22,100 or less, while 60 per cent 31,300 44,100 50,200 76,500 and planning The Swedish corporate tax rate is competitive of the same group earn SEK 28,500 or less. Management: sales and marketing 41,500 57,10 0 66,300 99,400 in a European context. The corporate tax rate StorbritannienUK * Figures rounded to the nearest hundred. in Sweden was reduced to 22 per cent from Middle management: sales and Finland 39,900 53,600 60,600 83,200 Finland Source: Almega, September 2016 marketing 1 January 2013, and remains at the same level Sweden in 2017. Sweden Management: IT 42,800 57,60 0 67,10 0 95,000 Denmark Source: KPMG, 2017 Denmark Middle management: IT 43,200 54,400 60,700 75,300 NederländernaNetherlands Management: information, 41,900 62,100 74,600 122,200 communication and PR Spain*Spain* Middle management: information, 35,000 53,000 57,30 0 74,800 Tyskland**Germany** communication and PR Italy Management: purchasing, logistics * Small and new companies can benefit from lower corporate tax. Italien 34,000 50,900 60,800 103,100 and transport ** The corporate tax rate in Germany varies between 29.72 France* and 33 per cent depending on geographical location. Frankrike* Middle management: purchasing, 34,700 47,30 0 55,200 72,600 logistics and transport 0 5 1010 1515 2020 2525 3030 3535 %

Accountants and economists 27,50 0 35,300 42,200 58,400

Management and business developers 32,600 42,300 49,100 69,300

Market analysts and marketers 32,000 40,600 46,900 64,000 Comparison of taxes COMPARISON OF TAXES* Systems analysts and IT architects 36,700 44,900 48,900 59,500 Since 2013, Sweden has become one of the Software and systems developers 30,500 39,000 43,600 53,500 most attractive places in the world for holding Engineers and technicians: companies. Sweden offers more than 80 tax 27,60 0 32,900 37,30 0 50,200 construction agreements in addition to the low corporate

Engineers and technicians: tax rate. Sweden's tax climate also holds up TYPE OF TAX SWEDEN DENMARK FINLAND GERMANY NETHERLANDSUK USA 27,40 0 35,000 39,900 51,900 electrotechnology well in comparison to other countries, as Interest 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% Engineers and technicians: 27,9 0 0 34,300 37,80 0 48,000 companies are not taxed on interest income, chemicals and chemical technology share dividends and royalties. Dividend 0% 0% 20% 25% 0% 0% 30% Computer technicians 26,100 34,100 37,9 0 0 47,80 0 Source: Deloitte, 2017 Royalties 0% 22% 20% 15% 0% 20% 30% Salespeople 27,000 36,200 42,400 56,200

Purchasers and procurers 30,200 37, 20 0 42,000 55,200 *Tax rates refer to payments to individuals not resident in the country.

Office assistants and secretaries 22,400 27,60 0 30,100 38,000

Shop assistants: retail 22,100 26,200 28,500 38,300

32 33 COSTS & TAXES

NORDIC COST COMPARISONS

STOCKHOLM

SEK 105 OSLO

SEK 182 SEK 1,300

SEK 3,150 SEK 6,200

SEK 4,500 SEK 89,200 SEK 74,900 7. HELSINKI

OSLO STOCKHOLM

GOTHENBURG

SEK 100

SEK GOTHENBURG 840 HELSINKI

SEK 3,000 SEK 114

SEK 55,900 SEK 1,180 CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENT COPENHAGEN SEK 3,200 & SUSTAINABLE SEK 59,500 COPENHAGEN DEVELOPMENT SEK 153 The Gothenburg region boasts world-leading competence in SEK 5,030 sustainable development and environmental technology solutions. SEK 2,300 The region has numerous partnerships involving energy, urban development, transport, travel and waste management, aiming to SEK 47,700 reduce impact on the environment. An area which has met with A cheaper meal considerable success is district heating. Another sign that the region

Monthly cost for a nursery place is heading in the right direction in its work with the environment, climate and sustainable development is that the interest in green Office rent per m2 CBD / year bonds has been huge, and new issues of green bonds have been

Average price per m2 city apartment proliferating at record pace.

Sources: Numbeo, JLL and Global Property Guide. Exchange rates from NOK to SEK, DKK to SEK and Euro to SEK obtained 12 February 2017.

34 Photo: Superstudio / Göteborg & Co 35 CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Better air quality in Gothenburg AIR QUALITY IN GOTHENBURG 1981–2015* Emissions and incineration WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GOTHENBURG 1992–2015 For decades, Gothenburg has worked actively Gothenburg is talented at waste management. Incinerated waste (ktonnes) 60 600 to continuously improve the city's air quality. 60 Nitrogen dioxide Even though the city incinerates more waste 600 Sulphur emissions have decreased by almost Particulate matter (PM10) than before, emissions are steadily decreasing. Incinerated (ktonnes/year) 100 per cent and are close to zero. Over a long 5050 Sulphur dioxide The heat from waste incineration covers a third 500500 period, the region has reduced its nitrogen of the district heating in the region and dioxide emissions to a very low level. In the last 4040 approximately 5 per cent of the electricity 400400 10 years, the region has also succeeded in demand in Gothenburg. In addition, 60 per reversing the downward trend for particle cent of generated electricity comes from 3030 300 matter levels (PM10). biogas. 300

* Annual average unavailable for certain years due to 20 200 20 *Statistics refer to Sävenäs waste treatment facility. 200 insufficient statistical documentation. Source: Renova Source: Environment Administration, City of Gothenburg 1010 100100

µg/m3 0 0 2009 1997 1999 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 2001 2003 2005 2007 2011 2013 0 2015

0 1992 1993 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2001 2012 2013 2014 2015 World-leading at environmentally-friendly energy production CO2 emissions are decreasing DEVELOPMENT OF REAL GROSS REGIONAL PRODUCT (GRP) AND CO2 Sävenäs is one of the world's most Emissions (tonnes) IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION, 2000–2014 (INDEX 2000 = 100) 500 in spite of increased economic advanced facilities for the incinera- 500 Nitrogen dioxide (tonnes/year) activity 170 tion of waste and environmentally- 450450 170 Sulphur dioxide (tonnes/year) The region's emissions of carbon dioxide have Real GRP friendly energy production. The 400 160160 400 Hydrochloric acid (tonnes/year) been at a constant level for the most part of the CO2 waste power and heating plant 350 Ash dust (tonnes/year) 2000s, but in recent years these emissions have 150150 operates all year round with no 350 300 been substantially reduced. At the same time, the140 140 interruptions, and processes all 300 economic growth of the region stands at around kinds of waste in the most efficient 250 130 250 53 per cent, and the population has increased 130 and environmentally-friendly 200 by 16 per cent, meaning that the emissions per 120120 manner possible. That which can 200 be recycled to new materials, or 150 growth unit have decreased (we can only measure110 110 150 emissions produced in the region). Since 2000, treated to become biogas, is 100 100 100 carbon dioxide emissions in the region have 100 converted to electricity and heat. 50 decreased by 12 per cent, in spite of the three 9090 In total, the facility accounts for a 50 third of the district heating and 0 large refineries in Gothenburg and the chemical 80 0 80 1992 1993 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2001 2012 2013 2014 2015 industry's facilities in Stenungsund. 5 per cent of the electricity for Index 70 70 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 the entire Gothenburg region. Source: Statistics Sweden and National Emissions Database

Green bonds contribute DISTRIBUTION OF GREEN BONDS IN GOTHENBURG, MSEK

to sustainable growth 2016 The City of Gothenburg issues green bonds PROJECT 2013 2014 2015 (FORECAST) to raise financing for various environmental Ultrafilter 150 420 initiatives within renewable energy, public GOBiGas 300 620 transport, water purification, energy efficiency, smart electric grid, urban planning and waste Electric vehicles 30 19 11 management. In 2015, green bonds with Nitrogen emission reduction 47 110 105 a total of SEK 3 billion were distributed, Tree planting 8 6 7 compared with around half a billion SEK distributed through the first issue of green Celsius district heating 5 bonds in 2013. The market interest for Pedestrian city 50 49 green bonds has been substantial, and the Cycling city 60 77 distributed amount is expected to be around SEK 4.2 billion in 2016. Effective traffic lighting 49 35

Source: City of Gothenburg Sustainable construction 382 314 519 Energy-efficient housing 388 504

ElectriCity is a collaboration project to create Cable way 15 a more sustainable public transport system. Annual total 480 881 1,608 1,311

Photo: ElectriCityPhoto: Total allocated 480 1,361 2,969 4,280

36 37 -

CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Renewable energy in PERCENTAGE OF VEHICLE KILOMETRES WITH RENEWABLE public transport FUEL IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE GOTHENBURG REGION MORE FROM US! The proportion of vehicle miles driven with 100 100 HVO 93% renewable fuel is steadily on the increase in the Electricity 85% Find out more from Business Region Göteborg's other reports Gothenburg region. In 2010, around 36 per Biogas 80% and publications on the business environment in the Gothenburg 80 cent of the Gothenburg region's public transport 80 Biodiesel 73% region at www.businessregiongoteborg.com was fuelled by renewable sources. By 2016, this figure had gone up to around 93 per cent. 58% 6060 Economic Outlook Biodiesel and biogas have contributed the most 49% to phasing out the non-renewable fuels in the Economic Outlook provides a summarised view of the economic region's public transport. In more recent years, 4040 36% situation in Gothenburg in comparison to other regions. The report tall oil and animal waste (HVO) have strongly presents many up-to-date performance indicators for trade and contributed to phasing out the non-renewable industry, including those linked to the labour market. Published fuels in the region's public transport. 2020 quarterly. Source: Västtrafik % 00 Investment Mapping 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 The Gothenburg region is on the verge of - and has already begun implementing – substantial investments in both infrastructure and urban development. This report maps out the planned investments, which total an estimated 100 billion euros by 2035.

Looking for business opportunities Waste = heat This publication presents some of the key business and investment Did you know… opportunities in the Gothenburg region. There are a number of collection systems for waste in the Gothenburg region. A certain amount of waste is recycled to become Retail Guide new material, while other waste is used to Retail Guide is an annual publication that presents retail opportunities produce electricity, heat or fuel. in the Gothenburg region, and provides facts and information about the market, demand and supply. Source: Green Gothenburg The world's best The Port of Gothenburg works proactively and with a long-term approach to minimise the environmental impact of shipping operations and to contribute to sustainable transport. The port is internationally renowned for its environmental work and is classed as one of the world's leading ports in this area. Source: Port of Gothenburg 2020 1% will see Landvetter Airport's carbon dioxide emissions reach zero. The airport is of heating in Gothenburg is powered by oil. already taking strict measures to reduce its environmental impact and carbon dioxide emissions Source: Business Region Göteborg have sunk drastically. The airport is certified to the highest level according to an international standard for its work to 90% reduce emissions.

of all apartment Source: Swedavia buildings in Gothenburg have district heating

Gothenburg is a world leader in district heating. District heating contributes to better air while making it possible to use heat that would otherwise be lost.

Source: Göteborg Energi Photo cover: upper Göran Assner / BRG, illustration: Varpunen,

Photo: Port of Gothenburg of Port Photo: lower Per Pixel Peterson / Göteborg & Co

38 www.businessregiongoteborg.com [email protected]

Business Region Göteborg AB. P.O, Box 111 19, SE-404 23 Gothenburg Visiting address: Norra Hamngatan 14, 1st Floor. Telephone: +46 31 367 61 00 Valentin&Byhr. Valentin&Byhr.