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Shade Gardening & Plants SHADE/PARTIAL SHADE GARDENING FOR PARKER COUNTY by Parker County Master Gardeners Often mature landscapes are shade gardens; • Light requirements, (Many plants these can be beautiful and restful but can tolerate some sun if it is early or also be a challenge to achieve the look many late in the day). gardeners want. When planning a shade • Size of the plant at maturity. garden, it is important to incorporate plant • Water requirements. Moisture is an “layers” into the design. important factor in a shade garden. As you select a shade plant, be sure • First layer is comprised of large to check the label to see if it grows mature trees. best in wet areas or is more drought • Then planting smaller, understory tolerant. trees beneath them creates another • Do your research and always read layer of interest. the plant label before making your • Third layer would consist of shrubs decision on any purchase for your and in a well-planned garden; these landscape. can be evergreen as well as deciduous. Light requirements are defined as: • Perennials, annuals, vines and groundcovers complete the shade • Sun – At least 6-8 hours of direct garden by adding much desired and sun per day needed color. • Partial Shade – Morning sun (3-4 hours) and shade in the afternoon Consider: • Dappled Shade – Filtered light, through tree leaves, overhanging • Soil type. leaves of bushes/ vines • The cold and heat zone for the • Shade – Little or no direct sunlight plants, ( NOTE: Parker County is in Zone 8A for cold and Zone 9 for heat). PARTIAL LISTING OF PLANTS FOR SHADE/PARTIAL SHADE GARDENING * denotes that these can be found in the real dirt A Gardening Handbook for Parker County Annuals: Cast iron plant (Aspidistra elatior)* Wax begonia (Begonia semperflorens)* Columbines (Aquilegia sp.)* Caladium (Caladium bicolor)* Coral bells (Heuchera sp.) * ‘Coral bells’- Coleus (Coleus hybridus)* green, ‘Palace Purple’-purple, ‘Snow Elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta)* bulb Angel’-variegated Flowering tobacco (Nicotiana alata)* Ferns*: Holly fern (Cyrtomium falcatum), Geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum)* Japanese painted (Athyrium niponicum), Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana)* Wood fern Purple Shield ( Strobilanthes dyerianus)* (Thelypteris kunthii), Tassel fern Scarlet sage (Salvia splendens)* (Polystichum polyblepharum) Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)* Helleborus ‘Lenten Rose’ (Helleborus Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus)* orientalis)* Horse herb (Calyptocarpus vialis)* Perennials Iris (Iris species)* Many members of the iris Astilbe (Astilbe x arendsil) family are shade-tolerant under deciduous Blue mist flower (Eupatorium coelestinum)* trees or shrubs. Louisiana and bearded iris Pineapple sage (Salvia elegans)* are spring bloomers. Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)* Oxalis (Oxalis sp.)* green and purple - bulb Phlox- *Woodland (Phlox divaricata. P./ x Shrubs ‘Chatahoochie’, P. Pilosa) Garden phlox, Aucuba (Aucuba japonica)* Salvia (Salvia coccinea)* American beautyberry (Callicarpa Sedum-Stonecrop (Sedum)* Many of the americana)* sedums do well in shade. Bridal wreath spiraea (Spiraea Summer phlox, Louisiana Phlox (Phlox cantoniensis)* Paniculata)* NOTE: most phlox will bloom Boxwood (Buxus microphylla)* best with some sun. Cleyera (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) Plantain lily (Hosta, sp.)* Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus)* Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum)* bulb Dwarf wax myrtle (Myrica pusilla)* Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) Japanese aralia ( Fatsia japonica)* Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana)* Leatherleaf mahonia (Mahonia bealeii)* Sweet violet (Viola odorata)* Mock orange ‘Natchez’ (Philadelphus Turk’s cap (Malvaviscus drummondii)* virginalis)* Spiraea ‘Anthony Waterer’ (Rhus Groundcovers aromatica)* Ajuga or Carpet bugle (Ajuga reptans)* St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)* Asiatic jasmine (Trachelospermum Sweet olive (Osmanthus fragrans)* asiaticum)* Rusty blackhaw viburnum (Viburnum English ivy (Hedera helix)* rufidulum)* Lamium (Lamiaceae maculatum ‘White Snowball viburnum (Viburnum opulus Nancy’*, ( Lamia galeobdolon) ‘Archangel’* sterile)* ‘Herman’s Pride’, ‘Pink Pewter’ Yew (Taxus)* Mock false strawberry (Duchesnea indica)* Moneywort (Creeping Jenny) (Lysimachia Trees nummularia)* (Creeping Charlie) Carolina buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana)* Purple winter creeper (Euonymus fortunei)* Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)* Strawberry geranium (Saxifraga stolonifera) Bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum)* Vinca (Vinca minor)* This is an aggressive Shantung maple (Acer truncatum)* groundcover. Redbud (Cercis canadensis)* Ornamental Grasses Vines Inland sea oats (Chasmanthium latifolium)* Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)* Deciduous Herbs Confederate jasmine (Trachelospermum Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis)* jasminoides)* Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis)* Coral vine (Antigonon leptopus)* Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)* English ivy (Hedera helix)* Chile pequin (Capsicum annmun)* Fig ivy-Creeping fig, Climbing fig (Ficus Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)* pumila)* Hoja santa (Piper auritum)* Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)* japonicum)* Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin)* COLORFUL PLANTS FOR SHADY AREAS Listed by height or growth habits Very low-growing plants and/or Medium growers: groundcovers: • Columbine (Aquilegia spp. )* Spring • Wedelia (Wedelia trilobata)* Rapidly bloomer, make sure you get a Texas-hardy spreading groundcover, glossy green leaves, variety. brilliant yellow daisies on 6 inch stalks. • Begonias (Begonia spp. )* Annual – cane • Oxalis (Oxalis crassipes)* Clover-leaf, (angel wing), shrub and rhizomatous. prolific tiny flowers, mixed colors. Leaves • Coleus (Coleus hybrids)* Annual. These appear in winter, flowers in spring. don’t flower (if they start to bolt, pick off • Plumbago (Plumbago articulata)* Blue or the white flowers on cascading branches. unattractive flowers and pinch the branches • Hostas (Hosta spp.)* Striking broad leaves back) but the colors are beautiful. fountain out from a center crown. Delicate • Gingers (Zingiber hybrids) Annual. mixed colored flowers on tall, slender stalks. • Grasses: * Don’t overlook the wonderful • Dwarf Ruellia (Ruellia ‘Blue Shade’ )* variety of ornamental grasses that are Same purple wild petunia flower as the available. The variegated grasses look standard Ruellia. But this one grows only spectacular in the shade. four to six inches high and spreads horizontally by clumps. Tall flowers great for interspersing • Ardisia (Ardisia japonica)* This is not throughout the groundcovers: exactly colorful, but it does have red berries in the fall that birds love. This shiny-leafed, • Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis)* Red low growing evergreen looks the same every or white spikes. day. • Ironweed (Veronica spp. )* White or purple flowers. Low-growers: • Pink polka dot plants (Hypoestes phyllostachya) Annual. • Louisiana phlox (Phlox sp )* Good to plant in with summer bloomers like Wedelia and dwarf ruellia. Blooms in spring, perennial. • Pentas (Pentas lanceolata)* The dwarf variety gets 4-6 inches tall. The standards grow 2-3 feet. They come in multi-colors and produce clusters of flowerets at the top of the stalk. Annual. • Cyclamens (Cyclamen spp. ) Plant in winter. They like shade even from the winter sun and will bloom until it gets hot. SHADY LAWN PRODUCTION by Jerry Parsons, Ph.D. Horticulture Specialist, Texas Agricultural Extension Service Shaded lawns require special care to It's not a good idea to use chemicals for maintain satisfactory grass cover. That weed control on St. Augustine grass in means mowing higher and more frequently, heavy shade because they may further watering more often, giving particular weaken the grass and increase its attention to controlling leaf diseases and susceptibility to disease. Some weed killers removing fallen tree leaves. may also damage trees and shrubs. Shaded turf is weakened by lack of sunlight Removing tree leaves that accumulate in the and competition for water nutrients from fall will also help shaded grass. roots of trees and shrubs. Thus, grass that is In many home landscapes, shade develops to growing in shade generally is shallow- such a degree that grass cannot be rooted and is more succulent and less hardy maintained. Even St. Augustine grass, the than grass growing in full sunlight. most shade-tolerant of turf-grasses, requires As a result, the shaded grass is more at least 30% direct sunlight to maintain susceptible to drought stress and disease satisfactory growth. Consider replacing attacks. To reduce stress and to promote shaded grass areas with bark mulch or a healthy turf, mow the grass ½ to 1 inch groundcover. higher than grasses growing in full sunlight. SO REMEMBER: Also, mow shaded lawns frequently enough • Use shade tolerant grasses, such as St. so that only 1/3 of the foliage is removed at Augustine or Zoysia each mowing. Thus, grass mowed at a • Raise the height of the mower blade 1 height of 2 inches should be mowed when it inch. Instead of 1 ½ - 2 inches, mow up to 3 reaches 3 inches. inches in height. • Avoid excessive nitrogen that may Because shaded turf is shallow-rooted and promote diseases - particularly in shade. tree roots are competing for available • Avoid foot traffic in these areas. moisture, water more frequently during • Select trees with more open crowns. drought stress periods. And, because grass • Thin out crowns of existing trees to allow growing in shade is not able to utilize more light to penetrate. fertilizer as readily as grass in full sunlight, • Improve air movement by
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