Jahangirabad Institute Of Technology Assistant Prof. Ankur Srivastava COMPUTER NETWORKS Semester VI, 2016 MASTER SCHEDULE

Unit-I Class 1 Thursday, Jan 28 Class 2 Friday, Jan 29 Week 1 Introduction Concepts: Goals and Network structure and architecture Applications of Networks Class 3 Saturday, Jan 30 Class 4 Tuesday, Feb 2 The OSI reference model, services Network Topology Design-Delay Analysis Week 2 Class 5 Tuesday, Feb 2 Class 6 Thursday Feb 4 Back Bone Design Local Access Network Design Class 8 Saturday, Feb 6 Class 7 Friday, Feb 5 Switching methods, ISDN, Terminal Physical Layer Transmission Media Handling Unit-II Class 9 Tuesday, Feb 9 Class 10 Tuesday, Feb 9 Week 3 Medium Access sub layer - Channel LAN protocols -ALOHA protocols Allocations Class 11 Thursday, Feb 11 Class 12 Friday, Feb 12 Overview of IEEE standards - FDDI Data Link Layer - Elementary Data Link Protocols

Class 13 Saturday, Feb 13 Class 14 Tuesday, Feb 16 Sliding Window Protocols, Error Handling Assignments , Test/ Quiz Unit-III Class 15 Tuesday, Feb 16 Class 16 Thursday, Feb 18 Week 4 Network Layer - Point - to Point Networks Routing, Congestion control

Class 17 Friday, Feb 19 Class 18 Thursday, Feb 25 Internetworking -TCP / IP, IP packet IP address, IPv6. Unit-IV Class 19 Friday, Feb 26 Class 20 Saturday, Feb 27 Week 5 Transport Layer - Design issues Connection management, session Layer Class 21 Thursday, Mar 3 Class 22 Friday, Mar 4 Design issues, Remote procedure call. Presentation Layer-Design issues Week 6 Class 23 Saturday, Mar 5 Class 24 Tuesday, Mar 8 Data compression techniques, cryptography TCP - Window Management

Unit-V Class 25 Tuesday, Mar 8 Class 26 Thursday, Mar 10 Week 7 Application Layer File Transfer

Class 27 Friday, Mar 11 Class 28 Saturday , Mar 12 Access and Management Electronic mail

Class 29 Thursday, Mar 17 Virtual Terminals, Other application Week 8 Class 30 Friday, Mar 18 Class 31 Saturday, Mar 19 Example Networks - Networks Public Networks

Class 32 Friday , Mar 25 Class 33 Saturday , Mar 26 Assignments Test Class 34 Tuesday , Mar 29 Class 35 Thursday , Mar 31 Test/ Quiz Final presentation & Demonstration

Details are found in the following sections: General Information, Class Schedule, and Project Schedule.

GENERAL INFORMATION Teaching Staff: Ankur Srivastava Assist Prof, JIT CSE, [email protected] & [email protected] Course Web Site: www.acmelearning.in Text Book: A.S. Tanenbaum, Pearson Education

Class Meetings: JIT Room 212

Course Objectives: Data communications, network architectures, communication protocols, data link control, medium access control; Introduction to local area networks, metropolitan area networks and wide area networks; Introduction to Internet and TCP/IP.

Upon completing the course, the student will:

- be familiar with the basics of ;

- be familiar with various types of computer networks;

- have experience in designing communication protocols;

- be exposed to the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Classes and Topics

Class 1 Introduction Concepts: Goals and Applications of Networks Thursday, Jan 28 A is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics. Resource and load sharing, Programs do not need to run on a single machine Reduced cost, several machines can share printers, tape drives, etc. High reliability, If a machine goes down, another can take over Mail and communication. https://cs.nyu.edu/courses/spring00/V22.0480-002/class01.html

Class 2 Network structure and architecture Friday, Jan 29 Structure as Architecture presents a comprehensive analysis of the indispensable role of structure in architecture. Networking infrastructure includes all computers, peripherals, interface cards and other

equipments needed to perform data processing & communications within the networks.

Class 3 The OSI reference model, services Saturday, Jan 30 The OSI (Open System Interconnected) is the reference model which shows the transfer of information from client to server. This model consists seven layers which are as Application layer, Presentation layer, Session Layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data Link Layer & Physical layer.

Class 4 Network Topology Design-Delay Analysis Tuesday, Feb 2 Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network. Essentially, it is the topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. The delay analysis deals with the delays happened during transmission or queuing or processing or propagation delays.

Class5 Back Bone Design Tuesday, Feb 2 A backbone network or network backbone is a part of computer network infrastructure that interconnects various pieces of network, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or sub networks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or over wide areas.

Class 6 Local Access Network Design Thursday, Feb 4 An access network is the part of a network which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. It is contrasted with the core network, (for example the Network Switching Subsystem in GSM) which connects local providers to each other. The access network may be further divided between feeder plant or distribution network, and drop plant or edge network. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_network

Class 7 Physical Layer Transmission Media Friday, Feb 5 Physical layer in the OSI model plays the role of interacting with actual hardware and signaling mechanism. Physical layer is the only layer of OSI which actually deals with the physical connectivity two different stations. This layer defines the hardware equipments, cabling, wiring, frequencies, pulses used to represent binary signals etc.

Class 8 Switching methods, ISDN, Terminal Handling Saturday, Feb 6 There are basically three types of switching methods are made available. Out of three methods, and are commonly used but the message switching has been opposed out in the general communication procedure but is still used in the networking application. 1) Circuit Switching 2) Packet Switching 3) Message Switching Integrated Services for Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for

data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system.

Class 9 Medium Access sub layer - Channel Allocations Tuesday, Feb 9 In radio resource management for wireless and cellular network, channel allocation schemes are required to allocate bandwidth and communication channels to base stations, access points and terminal equipment. The objective is to achieve maximum system spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/site by means of frequency reuse, but still assure a certain grade of service by avoiding co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference among nearby cells or networks that share the bandwidth. There are two types of strategies that are followed:- Fixed: FCA, fixed channel allocation: Manually assigned by the network operator Dynamic: DCA, dynamic channel allocation, DFS, dynamic frequency selection, Spread spectrum

Class 10 LAN protocols -ALOHA protocols Tuesday, Feb 9 There are many LAN protocols in use today. Some of the more common ones are Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI). Ethernet is a common LAN protocol that can be found in most organizations. ATM is gaining popularity.

Class 11 Overview of IEEE standards - FDDI Thursday, Feb 11 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a set of ANSI and ISO standards for data transmission on fiber optic lines in a local area network (LAN) that can extend in range up to 200 km (124 miles). The FDDI protocol is based on the token ring protocol.

Class 12 Data Link Layer - Elementary Data Link Protocols Friday, Feb 12 The basic function of the layer is to transmit frames over a physical communication link. Transmission may be half duplex or full duplex. To ensure that frames are delivered free of errors to the destination station (IMP) a number of requirements are placed on a data link protocol.

Class 13 Sliding Window protocols, Error Handling Saturday, Feb 13 In most practical situations there is a need for transmitting data in both directions (i.e. between 2 computers). http://www.dsi.unive.it/~franz/reti/dll/Protocolli.html#slidingwindow

Class 14 Assignments, Test/ Quiz Tuesday, Feb 16

Class 15 Network Layer - Point - to Point Networks Tuesday, Feb 16 The Network layer tells about the protocols used for transferring the data. The main protocols are RIP, OSPF, which are used for sending data from one computer to another.

Class 16 Routing, Congestion control Thursday, Feb 18 In Internetworking, the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination. Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called a router. Routing is a key feature of the Internet because it enables messages to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. Each intermediary computer performs routing by passing along the message to the next computer. Part of this process involves analyzing a routing table to determine the best path.

Class 17 Internetworking -TCP / IP, IP packet Friday, Feb 19 The TCP/IP layer is having five layers in the model which are having their specific functionalities while transferring the data. The layers are Application, Transport, Network, Data link and physical. The Bridge, Router, Brouter, Gateway, Hub, Switch are used at these layers.

Class 18 IP address, IPv6. Thursday, Feb 25 An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."

Class 19 Transport Layer - Design issues Friday, Feb 26 The transport layer is the fourth layer from the bottom in the OSI reference model. It is responsible for message delivery from process running in source computer to the process running in the destination computer. Establishing, Maintaining & Releasing Connection.

Class 20 Connection management, session Layer Saturday, Feb 27 In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the session layer is layer 5. The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end- user application processes, i.e., a semi-permanent dialogue. Communication sessions consist of requests and responses that occur between applications. Session-layer services are commonly used in application environments that make use of remote procedure calls (RPCs).

Class 21 Design issues, Remote procedure call. Thursday, Mar 3 In RPC, the sender makes a request in the form of a procedure, function, or method call. RPC translates these calls into requests sent over the network to the intended destination. The RPC recipient then processes the request based on the procedure name and argument list, sending a response to the sender when complete. RPC applications generally implement software modules called "proxies" and "stubs" that broker the remote calls and make them appear to the programmer the same as local procedure calls (LPC).

Class 22 Presentation Layer-Design issues Friday, Mar 4 The presentation layer is responsible for the delivery and formatting of information to the application layer for further processing or display. It relieves the application layer of concern regarding syntactical

differences in data representation within the end-user systems. An example of a presentation service would be the conversion of an EBCDIC-coded text computer file to an ASCII-coded file.

Class 23 Data compression techniques, Cryptography Saturday, Mar 5 In computer science and information theory, data compression, source coding,[1] or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation.[2] Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by identifying unnecessary information and removing it. The process of reducing the size of a data file is referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding (encoding done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted) in opposition to channel coding.

Class 24 TCP - Window Management Tuesday, Mar 8 A Windows domain is a form of a computer network in which all user accounts, computers, printers and other security principals, are registered with a central database (called a directory service) located on one or cluster of central computers known as domain controllers. Authentication takes place on domain controllers. Each person who uses computers within a domain receives a unique user account that can then be assigned access to resources within the domain. Starting with Windows 2000, Active Directory is the Windows component in charge of maintaining that central database.

Class 25 Application Layer Tuesday, Mar 8 An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model). Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.

Class 26 File Transfer Thursday, Mar 10 File transfer is a generic term for the act of transmitting files over a computer network like the Internet. There are numerous ways and protocols to transfer files over a network. Computers which provide a file transfer service are often called file servers. Depending on the client's perspective the data transfer is called uploading or downloading. File transfer for the enterprise now increasingly is done with Managed file transfer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol

Class 27 Access and Management Friday, Mar 11 Network access management is a broad term used to refer to the control of who can and cannot connect to a computer network. Some networks are unsecured and any computer or mobile device can connect to them. Many networks, though, contain sensitive information or provide Internet access and can only be accessed by certain devices.

Class 28 Electronic mail Saturday, Mar 12 Short for electronic mail, e-mail or email is a message that may contain text, files, images, or other attachments sent through a network to a specified individual or group of individuals. The first e-mail was sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971. By 1996, more electronic mail was being sent than postal mail. The following is a breakdown of an Internet e-mail address example.

Class 29 Virtual Terminals, Other application Thursday, Mar 17 In open systems, a virtual terminal (VT) is an application service that: Allows host terminals on a multi-user network to interact with other hosts regardless of terminal type and characteristics, Allows remote log-on by local area network managers for the purpose of management, Allows users to access information from another host processor for transaction processing, Serves as a backup facility.

Class 30 Example Networks - Internet Networks Friday, Mar 18 The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is an international network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government packet switched networks, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony.

Class 31 Public Networks Saturday, Mar 19 A is a network established and operated by a telecommunications administration, or a recognized private operating agency, for the specific purpose of providing data transmission services for the public. In communications, a PDN is a circuit- or packet-switched network that is available to the public and that can transmit data in digital form. A PDN provider is a company that provides access to a PDN and that provides any of X.25, , or cell relay (ATM) services. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_data_network

Class 32 Assignments Friday, Mar 25

Class 33 Test Saturday, Mar 26

Class 34 Quiz/Assignments Tuesday, Mar 29 Class 35 Final presentation & Demonstration Thursday, Mar 31

Assignment: Review: Final Concept, Model, and Schedule I have prepared a presentation on Computer Networks. What is CN? What are the benefits of it? How the layers are used?

Assignment: Due Class 32 I have given to draw charts of computers and other diagrams of networks.

List the web resources and Servers and Browsers.

Make a drawing or sketch of the Networks. Describe the differences between all the networks you will build and the Layers. Briefly explain how the Layers will be maintained, controlled.

Assignment: TCP/IP Model Due Class 34 Prepare a model as described in CHAPTER 6 of the text. Explain the scenario you are analyzing (startup activity, links ,Connection established , etc.).

Assignment: Final Presentation and Demonstration Due Class 35 Prepare a 15-minute presentation describing and demonstrating your subject. Your presentation should concentrate on the network itself, although you may wish to emphasize any particularly impressive portions of your connection process. An effective presentation includes color photographs or video presentation along with a live display of the hardware.

References :- 1. Forouzen, "Data Communication and Networking", TMH 2. A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Pearson Education 3. W. Stallings, Data and Computer Communication, Macmillan Press 4. Anuranjan Misra, “Computer Networks”, Acme Learning. www.acmelearning.in 5. G. Shanmugarathinam, ”Essential of TCP/ IP”, Firewall Media

Internet References:- 1. https://cs.nyu.edu/courses/spring00/V22.0480-002/class01.html

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_network

3. http://www.dsi.unive.it/~franz/reti/dll/Protocolli.html#slidingwindow

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_data_network