506 THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. Aug. 30, 189D. there was a probability of the malady being transmitted to the up to date, and the public would know the qualifications of any human subject by ingestion. The question of the condemna- new medical man coming into any particular quarter. By noting tion of the flesh of parturient animals, and of those that had all transfers it would be possible to trace the career of any prac- suffered from specific fevers, such as swine fever, pleuro-pneu- titioner, as the movements of an army medical officer could be monia, foot and mouth disease, or tuberculosis; or from such followed by the Army List and the Gazette. Local lists of hammal lesions as black quarter, was one for the grave considera- medical practitioners were also needed. The list should be tion of the members of the Association and of all sanitarians. divided into city, borough, and county lists. Cheap reprints of Professor MCFADYEN said that skilled inspection should devolve these lists might be published for registrars of births and deaths, upon veterinary surgeons, who should be able to distinguish police stations, etc. Colleges and universities should send lists of between flesh that could with impunity be eaten, although dis- their graduates and licentiates to the General Medical CounciL eased, and that which could not. He thought tuberculosis in The object, in fact, was to supersede the non-official Medical. cattle was not of prime importance from a public health point of Directory by an official publication bearing the same relation to, view (in man the primary lesion was not in the alimentary, canal), the profession that the Army List did to the army. It would be and he thought that only such cases of human tuberculosis as had of advantage if every medical officer of health of a city, borough, their startiDg point in connection with the alimentary organs or county were made a subregistrar of the General Medical Council could possibly have been brought about by the consumption of to furnish returns and keep check over the lists of medical men tuberculous meat or milk.-Professor MEYRICK said meat inspec- in his district or division. tion should be carried out by medical or veterinary inspectors. Meat from animals suffering from parturient apoplexy could, he believed, be eaten with impunity, and so also could that in the early stage of pleuro-pneumonia. Tuberculous meat ought to be con- MEMORANDA. demned.-Dr. GEo. WILSON said that the public should not be MEDICAL, SURGICAL, OBSTETRICAL, THERA- allowed to run any risks by eating meat from diseased carcasses. Meat exposed for sale should be regarded as presented to the pub- PEUTICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, ETC. lic as sound meat from healthy animals, and if found otherwise should be condemned.-Mr. HUNTING said it was impossible to in- spect all meat. The large towns got all the worst meat. The THE PREVENTION OF COCAINE POISONING AND RESORCIN. best remedy was to establish public abattoirs, and abolish private THE annotation on page 94 of the JOURNAL of July 5th, drawing. ones. The inspectors should be butchers (laymen); they could attention to the value of a little phenol in solutions of cocaine as detect all ordinary cases of unsound meat in the slaughterhouses. a preventive of the toxic effects sometimes following the use of Dr. MASON (HUll) thought that an expert veterinary pathologist this drug, and, as a means of preserving such solutions, is inter- should be the meat inspector. Tuberculosis was very rare in esting. I have witnessed more than once some curious symptoms sheep, but very common in cattle around Hull. In 1883 the cor- follow the use of cocaine in cases of hypertrophic post-nasal poration of Hull took action in the matter, and compen- adenitis with or without adenoid growths in the naso-pharyni2 sation to owners of condemned beasts. Auctioneersproposedwho sold which I attributed partly to personal idiosyncracy, partly to the diseased cattle in Hull were liable to be suspended.-Dr. SmR- large absorbing surface such conditions bring about, and partly to GEANT concurred in thinking public abattoirs only should be used varying potency in the drug itself. In these cases simple cocaine in towns. Inspection of meat in private slaughterhouses was solutions (10 to .20 per cent.) had been applied with a soft camel's almost impossible; in many cases animals were slaughtered out- hair-brush. side the town, when meat inspection was efficiently carried out, In other cases wbere the diseased condition was commencing, or the carcasses being "stripped" before entering the town. He where operative interference could not be carried out, I have tried regarded tuberculosis in meat as very important. In all advanced the effect of resorcin combined with cocaine. Repeated experi- cases of the disease the meat should not be used as food, whatever ence has since taught me that this is a valuable combination, and views were taken as to the early stages of the disease. Tuber- that the individual action of each drug is enhanced; nor have I culous milk was even more important than tubercular meat. The seen any toxic effects even after a free use of the drugs when so conditions of most cowsheds were very insanitary.-Dr. Fo#BRoEB combined. My attention was first directed to resorcin by reading said that local authorities should have more power to close private about its action in one (I forget which) of the American journals. slaughterhouses; if that were not done, public abattoirs were not of Thus I can confirm Dr. Glluck's view, for resorcin is one of the much use.-Dr. A. HILL remarked on the fact that although more phenol series. It is antiseptic and preservative; it is astringent meat was eaten and milk drunk, and more tuberculosis existed in and a haemostatic. After a few moments it lessens sensibility, cattle, still the death-rates from tabes mesenterica and pulmonary and has a vigorously contractile action on the hypertrophied phthisis were being gradually lowered. Mr. Walley brought for- mucous membrane. In suitable solutions it is a valuable applica- ward no evidence to show that human disease had been produced tion in post-nasal catarrh, pharyngitis, enlarged tonsils, stomatitis, by ingestion of meat from slightly tuberculous cows. Healthy- gingivitis, some forms of conjunctivitis, and other kindred con- looking animals could be taken as being healthy for human food. ditions. -Professor WALL-Y replied. Old Cavendish Street, W. R. W. PARKER. RESOLUTION. A CASE OF EX&LGINE POISONING. The following resolution was proposed by Dr. W. RussIcLL A YOUNG man, A. J. M., aged 20, had been suffering for some days (Edinburgh), seconded by Dr. E. SERGEANT, and adopted: "That from muscular rheumatism. I ordered a mixture containing ex- it be remitted to the Parliamentary Bills Committee to approach algine gr. ijss in each dose with tincture of orange and water, to the Government with a view to obtain the abolition of private be given three times a day (this dose of exalgine being rather and the establishment of public slaughterhouses with skilled in- larger than that given by Professor T. R. Fraser, of Edinburgb, spection of meat." but less than that given usually by Drs. Bardet and Dujardm- Beaumetz). The first dose was given about 3 P.M. I was pre- How to Improve the "Medical Reiqiter."-A paper on this vented from seeing the patient again until about 10 A.Mm. on the subject, by Surgeon-Major G. J. H. EVATT, was read by Dr. L. second day afterwards, so that he had taken six doses. I found PARKES. After dwelling on the importance of accuracy in the him very dull and heaTy, and apparently presenting all the usual Medical Register, Surgeon-Major Evatt proposed that, as the signs of carbolic acid poisoning. He had slept almost continu- Register-published only once a year, as it now was-became ously, but waking up at short intervals, and starting in his sleep. inaccurate a few weeks after publication, the London Gazette On inquiry he complained of pain in the small of the back, and on should be utilised for all notifications referring to it. Changes examining the urine it was found to be of a distinct and pro- should be published week by week in the Gazette; all new nounced olive-green colour. He had only passed water twice in names entered on the Register, all deaths of registered prac- the twenty-four hours, and on both occasions the amount was titioners, all transfers of residence from one county or borough very small. division to the other, and all removalI from the Register should On examination, the urine was found to be of high specific be at once published in the London Gazette. Examples of how gravity, with a large deposit of urates, but containing no phos- these various notifications might appear in the Gazette were phates, albumen, or blood; the temperature was 98O° Fahr., pulse given. In this way local copies of the Register might be kept 102, of full volume and strong. The patient complained of great Aug. 30, 1890.] THE BRITISH MBDICAL JOURNAL. 507 th'rit, and the skin was hot and dry. A peculiar feature of the urethram, was readily exposed; two silk ligatures were then case was that he suffered from excessive salivation for several passed through its entire thickness in order to secure it, and be- days; this gradually diminished under the influenee of chlorate of tween these an incision was made. On introducing the finger into potash. The renal trouble gradually subsided after stopping the the bladder no appreciable enlargement of the lateral lobes could exalgine and giving a diuretic and diaphoretic mixture, and the be detected, but a pedunculated middle lobe, the size of a walnut, cerebral symptoms also passed off. I must remark that the could be felt lying immediately behind the vesical orifice of the exalgine certainly appeared to relieve the myalgia and urethra. An attempt to separate the prominent lobe with the rheumatism. finger nail after division of the overlying mucous membrane hav- Bath. EDMUND E. DYER, M.B. ing failed, it was easily removed by cutting with curved scissors through its point of attachment, very little bleeding attending the OPERATION FOR INGROWING TOENAIL. process. In order to secure free drainage during the after-treat- PERMIT me to call attention to what I believe to be a new opera- ment, the membranous urethra was opened from the perineum on tion for ingrowing toenail. Press the skin at the base of the nail a grooved staff passed per urethram into the bladder, and a large, as far back as possible. With a Hey's saw make two longitudinal rigid, lithotomy tube was introduced through the wound, and left cuts parallel with the length of the nail, dividing it into three with its end projecting just within the bladder. A second tube about equal parts, being careful to cut as evenly as possible, in was also introduced through the suprapubic opening. order to almost completely divide the nail without touching the The after-treatment consisted in washing out the bladder daily matrix. When almost the entire thickness of the nail has been through the upper opening with boric lotion, and dusting both sawed through, freeze the part or cocainise it, then cut completely wounds freely with a mixture of boric acid and iodoform. The through the nail in the saw marks, raise the central portion of suprapubic tube was removed on the third day. nail-that between the saw cuts-and dissect it completely back Until the fifth day, when the perineal tube was removed, all the to the base, taking care to remove the matrix e3pecially at the urine escaped through the lower opening; after this date the extreme base, where the skin naturally covers the nail. A pad of urine came both ways, but chiefly through the suprapubic wound. lint, saturated with friar's balsam or any antiseptic dressing, is After the seventh day the bladder was washed out daily, through then applied. A narrow gum lancet makes a convenient instru- a No. 12 silver catheter introduced per urethram. ment with which to operate, being of about the desired width of On the sixteenth day the patient began to pass some water by the strip to be removed. the natural channel, and after the twenty-fourth day all the urine If carefully performed, the matrix being entirely removed with came by this route. the strip of nail, of course the nail caunot grow again, and the There was never any tendency to the development either of space created relieves the pressure upon the sides. septicemia, or of cellulitis in the neighbourhood of the suprapubic The advantages of this proceedure are: Chloroform is not wound. These complications, which are frequently met with after needed; the patient is, in most cases, able to continue his work; the performance of suprapubic cystotomy, especially when the permanent relief is practically certain; the form of the toe is pre- urine is foul and alkaline, are, I believe, preventable if free peri- served, since the remaining sides are sufficient to support it. neal drainage is provided during the first few days after the Los Angeles, California. ARTHuR E. GRESHAM, M.D. operation, for by this means lodgment of urine is prevented in the suprapubic wound, until its surfaces are covered over with a layer of granulations, which, when healthy, appear to act as a barrier against urinary infiltration, and also against the absorption of REP ORTS septic matter. ON The patient left the hospital at the end of six weeks completely MEDICAL & SURGICAL PRACTICE IN THE HOSPITALS relieved of ali his symptoms, micturition being quite natural, and both wounds being firmly healed. At the present time-more AND ASYLUMS OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, tban four months since the operation-he has perfect control over AND THE COLONIES. his bladder, being able to retain his water for three or four hours without any difficulty. Micturition is unattended by the slightest MANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY. straining, and he can propel the stream for a distance of several A CASE OF PROSTATIC RBTENTION OF URINE TREATED BY feet. The urine is clear and acid in reaction, and he is quite free SUPRAPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY.1 from any symptoms of vesical irritation. The case is a good example of the beneficial effects of the opera- (By F. A. SOUTHAM, M.B.Oxon., F.R.C.S., Surgeon to the Manchester tion which was so prominently brought before the notice of the Royal Infirmary.) Association by Mr. McGill, at the Leeds meeting last year. It is W. H., aged 66, was admitted at the beginning of last February, in cases such as this, where a patient suffers from prostatic re- sufferiDg from symptoms of prostatic enlargement of several tention of urine, which he is unable to relieve by self-catheterism, years' duration. Micturition was very frequent, and attended with and where palliative treatment has proved unsuccessful, that great difficulty, the urine being passed two or three times an hour, prostatectomy is indicated. after much straining, either in drops or in a very feeble stream. The form of enlargement met with-a pedunculated middle lobe The bladder was never completely emptied, the quantity of projecting into the bladder, and interfering with the escape of residual urine usually amounting to about a pint. At times he urine by blocking the vesical orifice of the urethra, against which was seized with complete retention, which had to be relieved by it is forced by the efforts of micturition-though not the most catheterism. On examination by the rectum a distinct enlarge- common, is the one which is especially suitable for operative in- ment of both lateral lobes could be felt. The urine (1008) was terference, and the case illustrates well the facility with which alkaline, containing a quantity of ropy mucus, pus, and crystals prostatectomy through a suprapubic opening may be performed of triple phosphate. Catheterism was attended by considerable when this condition is present. difficulty, for though a silver prostatic catheter could be passed, none of the different varieties of flexible instruments could be WOLVEREAMPTON (Population, 82,543).-Increased Mortality introduced beyond the obstruction, which was encountered at the among Children.-Dr. Henry Malet reports that the year 1889 was neck of the bladder. an average one as regards the prevalence of zymotic diseases, the The patient was kept in bed, and the ordinary palliative treat- only exception being whooping-cough, which exceeded the aver- ment-drawing off the water regularly, washing out the bladder, age, and scarlet fever, which fell very far below it. The mortality etc.-not being followed by any improvement in his condition, it returns altogether afford grounds for satisfaction, since both was resolved to open the bladder from above the pubes, and, if zymotic and general death-rates were below the average. The possible, remove the obstructing portion of the prostate gland. one unfavourable item is the increase in deaths of children. Dr. February 22ad. Suprapubic cystotomy was performed, no rectal Malet seems to be somewhat disheartened by the difficulties which bag being used. Twelve ounces of boric acid lotion having been he meets with in his efforts to improve the sanitary condition of injected into the bladder, and the usual incision having been made, the borough. The utter negligence and stupidity of the tenants of the anterior wall of the bladder, raised and rendered prominent by bad property, the selfishness and shortsightedness of many of the depressing the handle of a No. 12 silver catheter introduced per agents and property owners, and the cumbrous and inefficient 1 Read before the Lancashire and Cheshire Branch of the British Medical legal methods of enforcing even urgent work, form together an Association. amount of obstruction very hard to overcome. 7 518 THE BRITISER MEDICAL JOURNAL. '[Aug. 30, 1890.

PRESENT AT THE ANNUAL Cook, H. S., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Edridge-Green, F. W., M.D., London MEMBERS Cousins, J. Ward, M.D., Portsmouth Edgington, R. W., M.D., Birmingham MEETING. Cooke, E. M., M.B., Powick Edis, A. W., M.D., London Collinson, F. W., M.B., Preston Eddison, J. E., M.D., Leedls THE[ following names of members and visitors attending the Court, William, L.F.P.S.G., Bolton Edebohls, Dr. G. M., New York, U.S.A. annual meeting were entered in the books provided for the Corbett, Surgeon-Major R. de la Cour, Edwards, D. T., M.R.C.S., Glanyllyss M.D., A.M.S., Brentwood Well purpose: Copeman, S. M., M.B., London Edwards, J. H., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Agar, S.H., L.R.C.P., Henley-in-Arden Bower, R. N., M.R.C.S., Sandy Corry, W. W. S., L.R.C.S.I., Pickering Manchester Allen, F. J., M.B., Birmingham Bodkin, W., M.D., Chelmsford Collins, E. T., Esq., Sheffield Edwards, W. T., M.D., Cardiff Allen, M. S., M.R.C.S., Dudley Boyd, J. St. C.. M.D., Belfast Codrington, Deputy Surgeon-General Elkington, E. A., M.B., Newport Allbutt, T. C., M.D., Whitehall Place, Bottle, A., M.D., Birmingham 0.. M.D., Putney Elkington, G., M.R.C.S., Edgbaston London, S.W. Bond, W. A., M.D., London Cornish, Surgeon-General W. R., Elliston, W. A., M.D., Ipswich Aldridge, C., M.D., Plympton Bond, F. T., M D., Gloucester F.R.C.S., London Ely, Dr. W. B., Rochester, N.Y. Anderson, R. J., M.D., Newry Bosworth, Dr. F. H., New York, U.S.A. Coupland, S., M.D., London Emery, F. W., M.D., Birmingham Anderson, Mrs. G., M.D., London Boobbyer, P., M.B., Nottingham Coles, W. F., M.D., Croydon England, W., M.D., Winchester en-le- Anderson, W. S., M.D., Chapel Bourne, T. S., M.R.C.S.. Kenilworth Colgan, F. P., L.R.C.P., L.K.Q C.P.I., Ensor, H. C.. M.R.(.S.. Cardiff Frith Bridgwater, T., M.B., Harrow-on-the- Bagnalstown Erwin, S. J., L.ll.C.P.Edin., Man- Antrobus, B.. M.B., Handsworth Hill Colgate, H., M.D., Eastbourne chester Anningson, B., M.D., Cambridge Broadbent, S. W., M.R.C.S., Sunder- Coghill, J. G. S., M.D., Ventnor, Isle Evans, M. G., M.D., Cardiff Andrews, H. C., M.D., London land of Wight Evans, R. W. J., L.R.C.P.Edin., Aplin, A., M.D., Nottingham Broadbent, W. H., M.D., London Cooke, J., M.B., Tettenhall Wrexham Arbuckle, H. W., M.D., Thorne, Don- Browne, S., M.D., Avonside, Warwick Coleman, J. M., M.D.,Wolverhampton Evans, T., M.D., Newquay caster Briggs, H. M.. M.R.C.S., Birmingham Conway, Dr. M. P., Auburn, N.Y. Ewens, H. L., M.B., Birmingham Archer, S., Surg.-Gen., Chester Brown, G. J., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Considine, P. O., M.D., Port Elizabeth, Ewens, J., L.R.C.P., Clifton Arthur, J., L.R.C.P., Wingote Brown, J. A., M.B., Birmingham Soutlh Africa Eyton-Jones, T., Surgeon-Major, M.D., Arthur, J., M.R.C.S.. Henley-in-Arden Brown, George, M.R.C.S., LODdon Cowden, Dr. J. W., Rock Island, Ill., Wrexham

Ashford, E. C., M.R.C.P., Bath Browne, H. L., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Ed., I U.S.A. Aston, W., M.R.C.S., L.M.K.Q.C.P.I., West Bromwich Cowley, J. S., M.R.C.S., Upton-on- Fallows, J., L.R.C.S.E., L.S.A., Lon- M.D., Birmingham Browne, W. R., Surg.-Maj., I Severn don Aspinall, d., L.R.C.P., Birmingham I.M.S., Madras Crespi, A. J. H., M.R.C.S., Wimborne Fairley, S. B., Esq., Aston Atkinson, J., L.X.C.P., M.B.C.S., Browne, J. W., M.D., Belfast Crump, T. G., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Farncombe, R., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Crewe Browne, L., M.R.C.S., London Crighton, Alex., M.D., Brymbo Birmingham Atkinson, E., M.R.C.S., Leeds Brown, J., M.R.C.S., Sutton Coldfield Crowe, G. W., M.D., Worcester Favell, W. F., M.R.C.S., Sheffield Atkinson, M. C. H., M.D., Kenilworth Bracey, H. R., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Crawford, A. W., M.B., Paisley Fegan, R., M.D., London Atthill, R. C., L.B.C.P., Colchester Braithwdto, J., M.D. Leeds Crockett, E.,L.R.C.S.Ed.,L.R.C.P.Ed., Felce, S., M.R.C.P.Ed., London Aveling, James H, M.D., London Bronner, A., M.D., Bradford Wolverhampton Featherstone, W. B., M.D., Erdington Aymard, J. L., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Brooke, H. G., M.R.C.S., Manchester Craig, J. F., M.B., Birmingham Ferguson, G. B., M.D., Cheltenham Ipswich Brockatt, A. A., M.R.C.S., Malvern Crocker, H. R.. M.D., London Fernandez, T. F4., M.D., Ross Brailey, W. A., M.D., London Crooke, G. F., M.D.,, Birmingham Ferris, J., L.R.C.P.Edin., Torquay Bailey, T. R., M.D., Bilstoni Brookhouse, J. O., M.D., Nottingham Crosse, T. W., F.B.C.S., Norwich Fenwick, B., M.B., London Bantock, G. G., M.D., London Broom, J., M.D., Bristol Crossley, C., L.R.C.P.Ed., M.R.C.S., Fernie, H. M., M.R.C.S., Macclesfield Bark,B., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Birming- Bulkley, Dr. L. D., New York, U.S.A. Leicester Fielden, S., M.D., Shildon ham Bull, E. G., M.B., Birmingham Cullingworth, C. J., M.D., London Fitch, F. M.D., Chaddersley Bartleet, T. H., M.B., Birmingham Bull, Dr. G. J., Paris Curtis, Dr. Lester, Chicago, U.S.A. Fitzpatrick, E. H., L.R.C.P.Edin., Batterham, J. W., M.B., St. Leonard's- Bullock. T. W., M.R.C.S., Eastgate Cureton, Edward, L.F.P.S.G., Birmingham on-Sea Bunting, James, M.R.C.S., Torquay M.R.C.P.Ed., Shrewsbury Floyd, E. R., M.B., London Baker, J. W., M.R.C.S., Derby Buchanan, H. D., M.B., Thirsk Curran,J.J., L.R.C.S.I., L.R.C.P.Ed., Folker, W. H., F.R.C.S., Hanley Baylis, H. M., L.R.C.P., Birkenhead Butler, S., L.F.P.S.G., Stafford Killeagh Fosbroke, G. H., M.1.C.S., Bidlord Bateman, F., M.B., Whitchurch, near Buxton, D., M.B, London Cuming, J., M.D.. Belfast Ford, J.. M.D., Eltham H. T., F.R.C.S., London Reading BDitlin, Cunningham, D. G., M.B., Dublin Foss, R. W., M.D., Stockton-on-Tees Battersby, C. H., M.K.Q.C.P.I., Btuttery, G., L.R.C.P.Ed., Oldbury Foreman, T. D., L.R.C.P.Ed., Deiuton M.R.C.S., Cannes Butter, J. K., M.D., Cannock Davies-Colley, N., M.B., London Foster, R. H., M.R.C.S., Knowle Barling, H. Gilbert, M.B., Birmingham Byers,J. W., M.D., Belfast Darley, A. R., M.B., Bugby Foster, Sir B. Walter, M.D., Edgbaston Baker, C.O., Esq., Auburn, N. Y. Davies, Andrew, J.P., M.D., New- Foulston, E. J. L.B.C.P.Edin., Liver- Barwise, S., M.B., Blackburn Cardew, H. W.D., M.R.C.S., London port, Mon. pool Barnes, J. W.. F.R.C.S., London Carter, A. H., M.D., Birmingbam Davies. E. T., M.D., Liverpool Fox, R. H., M.D., London Baker, A.. F.R.C.S., Edgbaston Campbell, H. J., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Darling, Q.R., L.K.Q.C.P.I., Eardisby Fox, Dr. L. S., Lowell, Mass. Bailey, T.C.,L.R.C.P.,M.R.C.S., Crewe London Davison,J., M.D.,Bournemouth Fox, T. C., M.B., London Bayley, B. L., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Caiger, F. F., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Dancy, H. M., L.F.P.S.G., Southwell Foxwe!l, A., M B., Birmingham Stourbridge London Day, W. H., M.D., Edmonton Franks, K., M.D., Dtublini Barron, G. B., M.D., Southport Cameron, M., M.D., Glasgow Dawson. W. H., M.D., Malvern Freeman, A. J., M.D., Preston Barbour, A. H. F., M.D., Edinburgh Carter, W., M.D., Liverpool Denne, Hy., M.D., Edgbaston Freer, A., M.R.C.S., Stourbridge Barker, A. J., M.D., London Cameron, Dr.J. H., Toronto, Canada Delepine, S., M.B., London Freer, E. L., M.R.C.S., Llandudno Ball,C. B., M.D., Dublin Carrow, Dr. F., Michigan, U.S.A. Devereux, D., M.D., Tewkesbury Froman, E. B., M.D., London Bamford, C. R., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Carslaw,J. H., M.BD, Glasgow Devis, Dr. C.J., Queensland Fyfe, G., M.D., Gainsborough Uttoxeter Cameron,J. T., M.B., Leeds Denton, E.R., M.R.C.S., Leicester Baird, J. T. W., M B., Congleton Candy, Brigade-SurgeonJ., M.D., Tor- De Denne, T. V., M.R.C.S., Cradley Gabb, J. E., M.R.C.S., Darlaston Best, N.D., M.R.C.S Birmiingham quay Heath Gabe,J. B.. Esq., Swansea Bean, C. E., M.R.C.S, L.R.C.P., Ply- Carline, W. A., M.D., Lincoln Down,J. Langdon, M.D., London Gairdner, W. T., M.D., Glasgow mouth Cattle, C. H., M.D., Nottingham Douglas, Wm., M.D., Leamington Spa Galton, J. H., M.D., London Beasley,J. G., L.R.C P., London Casselberry. Dr. W. E.,Chicago,U.S.A. Dodsworth. F. C., M.R.C S., London Gamble, L. D., M.B., Abergavenny Beale,B. C., M.B., London Casside, F. M.D., Derby Dolan, T. M., M.D, Halifax Gardner, F. G., M.R.C.S., Stourbridge Bennett. F. W. M.D., Leicester Carmichael, Dr. J. H, Springfield, Donovant, Wm., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.R.C.S. Gardner,T.T.,L.R.C.S., Leamington Bennett,J.R. A., M.B C.s., Birming- Mass., U.S.A. Ed.. Erdington Garman, J.C., L.R.C.S.Edin.,Brewood ham Carpenter, A., M.D., Croydon Donaldson, E., L.K.Q.C.P.I., London- Garman, E. C., M.R.C.S., Wednesbuiry Beveridge,R.B., M.B., Sunderland Carbone, A. P., M.D., London derry Garman, W. C., M.B., Wednesbury Bell, J. H., M.R.C.S.. Bradford Campbell, C. G., M.R C.S., Saddle- Downie,J. W., M.B., Glasgow Garman, W. C., M.R.C.S., Wednesbury Bell. M.D., Glasgow worth Dowse, S., M.D., London Garner, J.. M.R.C.S., Birmingham, Bell, T., M.B., Kempsev Cheatle, T. H., M.R.C.S., Burford, Drinkwater, W., M R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Garstang, W., M.D., Blackburn Benington,R. C., L.1.C.P, M.R.C.S., Oxon Ed., Bicester Gaskell, W.H., M.D., Cambridge Newcastle-on-Tyne Chambers,W.R., L.R.C.S.I.,Birming- Drummond, Alex., M.B., Birmingham Gaunt, J. P., M.R.C.S., Alvechurch Bensoni, P. L., M.D., Steeple Claydon ham Drummond, D., M.D., Newcastle-on- Gentles, R. W., L.R.C.P.Edin., Derby Benson, A. H., M.B., Dublin Chaffey, W. C., M.D., Brighton Tyne Gihon, Dr. A. L., Naval Hospital, N.Y. Beverley, M., M.D., Norwich Cheyne, W. W., M.B., London Drysdale, C.R., M.D., London Gibb, W. F., M.B., Paisley Birt, G., M.B., Stourbridge Chambers, H. W., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Draper. J. W., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Gibson, G. J., Surg.-Maj., M.D., M.S., Birch, Robert, M.R C.S., L.R.C.P., Cottingisam Huddersfield Preston Newbury Clay, A. F., M.R.C.S., Moseley, Bir- Drury,R. T., M.D., Birmingham Gibson, C.J., M.B., Shifnal Bishop, E. S., F.R.C.S.Ed., Man- mingham Duke, Alex.. L.K Q.C.P.I.,Dublin Gilchrist, R. M., M.B.,,Bolton-le-Moors chester Clay, G. L., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Duke,E., M.R.C.S., St. Leonard's-on- Giroy, J., M.B Ecclefechan Bishop, Dr. S. S., Chicago, U.S.A. Clendinnen,J.G., L.R.C.S.I., Coseley7 Sea Gilbert, Dr. R. G., Tomes, N.O., U.S.A. Birmingham, A., M.B., Oublini Clarke, Dr. A. P., Cambridge, Mass., Duckworth, Sir Dyce, M.D., London Giroy,R. C., M.B., Birmingham Biedler, Dr. H. H., Baltimore, U.S.A. U.S.A. Dudley, W. E., Brig.-Surg. A M.S., Glascott, C. E., M.D., Mancliester Blakeney, J. H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Clarke, A. C., L.K.Q.C.P.I.,L.R.C.S.I., Bath Glissan, B. J., L.R.C.P.Edin., St. Birmingham Birmingham Dunn, F., M.R.C.S.Ed., Wolverhamp- Georges, Salop Blackford,J. C., M.R.C.S., Cannock Clarke, W. J., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., ton Goff, B., M.D., Bothwell Bluett, P. F. W., L.R.C.P., L.F.P.S.G., Birmingham Goodchild, J. A., M.R.C.S., Bardig- Leek Clare, H. ., M.B., Jamaica Eagar,R. T. S., M.D., Stourbridge hera, Italy Blake, G. F.. M.R.C.S., Birmingham Clarke, W. Bruce, M.B., London Eastes, G., M.B., London Goodwin. A. G., Esq., Liverpool Blumer, F. M., M.B Stafford Clayton, J. H., M.R.C.S..BirminghamI Eastes, T., M.B., Folkestone Gordon, Dr. S. C., Portland, U.S.A. Bower,R., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Bir- Clarke,J., M.D., Lichfield Eastman, Dr.J. Indianapo!is, U.S.A. Gordon, C., M.B., Lichfield mingham Clibborn, W., M.D., Bridport Eccles, Dr. F.R., London, Canada Goss, T. B., M.R.C.S., Bath Aug. 30, 1890.] THE BBIUTISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. 0&19

Gosling. C. M.D., Moseley Hobbes, L., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Leach, J. C., M.D., Sturminster Mason, 3. W., M.It.C.S., London Gould, J., M.RI.C.S., Hatherleigh Stourbridge W. Leigh, W., M.R.O.S., L.R.C.P. Masters, 3. A.. LEO.C?., M.Rt.C.S., Gould, J. E., M.B., London Homan, G. W., M.R.O.S., Lichfleld Edin., Treharris London Goyder, D., M.D., Bradford A., Houlgrave, M.Rt.C.S., Liverpool Lewis, 0. R., M.B., Abercarne Mathews, B., L.Rt.C.S.I., Bedditcli Graham, W., M.D., Manchester Hooper, C., M.R.O.S., Aylesbury Leech, H. R., L.R.O.P.Bdin., Birming- Mathews, S., M.D., Sheffield Griffith, T. W., M.D., Leeds; Howden, R., M.B., Newcastle.on-Tyne ham May, Bennett, M.D., Birminghiam Greves, E. H., M.D., Bournemouth Howden, J. C., M.D., Montrose Leigh, T. D., M.Rt.C.S., Liverpool May, H., L.Rt.C.P., OS., Dir- Grinling, J. C., M.B., Birmingham Hovell, T. M., M.Rt.C.S., London Leake, Dr. H. K., Texas, U.S.A. mingliam Groom, W., M.R.C.S.. Wisbeeni Huidson, G., M.D., Scarborough Line, W. H., M.D., Birminigham May, 3. H. S., M.It CS., Plymouth Greenwood, J. W., MIR.C.S., Ossett Hunt, D. De Cardiff Vere, L.Rt.C.P.Ed., Link, Dr. 3. E., Terre Haute, Ind., Medwiis, A. G., M.D., London Grey, F. J., Esq., Walsall Hunt, J., M.R.C.S., Birmingham U.S.A. Melson, G. H., M.D., Birmingham Grey, J. T., M.1I.C.S., Stafford Huxley, F. E., M.Rt.C.S., Birmingham Lister, E., Esq., Leamington Messiter, A. F., LItR.C?., M.R.C.S., Greenway, A. G1., M.D., Stafford Huniter, W., M.D., Cambridge Limont. J., M.B., Newcastle-on-T3yne Birmingliam Grossman, K. A., M.M., Liverpool Hutchinson. C. F., M.D., Scarborough Little, J. F., M.B., Londoii Messiter, M. A., M.R.C.S., Dudley Gray, C. F., Newmarket M.at M.R.C.S., Hughes, T., 0.5., Holyhead Lloyd, J., M.B., Birmingham Musher, Dr. G. C., Kansas City, Inu, Griffiths, T. D., M.D., Swansea Hutchinson, J., F.Rt.C.S., London Lloyd, T. L., M.Rt.C.S., L.R.C.P., Bir- U.S.A. Griffitlhs, A. H., M.D., Manchester London Hutchinson. J., M.R.C.S., mingham Moody-Ward, It., M.B., Iteading Grant, J. D., M.D., London T. London Hyslop, B., M.B., Lord, M.D., London Muir, 3. H., M.D., Burton-on-Trent Griffiths, C. N., M.R.C.S., Cheltenham Lowe, W. G., M.D., Burton-on-Trent Moore, II. 0., M.lR.C.S., Hereford Graham. C. R.. M.R.C.S.. Wigan les. Fairford D., M.R.C.S., Lowthier, It., M.D., Grange-over-Sands Moore, Sir William, L .Rt.C .P.Ed., Griffiths, C. T., M.Rt.C.S., London Ince, Surg.-Maj. J., M.D., Swanley Lowe, T. P., M.It.C.S., L.UR.C.P., Bath M.It.C.S., London Griffiths, L. M., M.R.C.S., Clifton Irwin, Deputy Surg.-Gen. C. G., M.B., Lofthouse, Surg.-Gen. C., M.D., Moore, W., M.Rt.C.S., Stourport Gray. H. 8t. C., M.D., Glasgow Edinburgh London Moore, WV., M.D., Sussex Griffith, S., M.D., Portmadoc Iliffe, W., Mv.R.C.S., L.S.A., Derby Lockwood. WV., M.B., WVest Bromwich Morgan. Surg.-Maj. H. M., LEO.C?., Loxton, WV. U., M.B.C.S., L.B.C.P., M.II.C.S., Licbfield Haig, A., M.Rt.C.S., London Jackson, W. F. M., London M.Rt.C.S., Edgbaston Munisoil, 3. B., M.D., Newcastle on- Hart, E., M.Rt.C.S. (Editor the London of James, B., M.Rt.C.S., Lund, B., F.It.C.S., Manchlester Tyne Bri'tish MTedical Joutrnal), London James, P., M.D., London Lumley, C. A., M.Rt.C.S., L B.C.?., Morris, G., M.It.C.S., L.R.C.P.Ed., Hamilton, D. J., M.B., Aberdeen Jacob, E. H., M.B., Leeds Birmingham Skelmersdale H-argreaves, J. B., F.Rt.C.S., Armley James, J. It., M.B., Rthondda Valley Lyons, T., M.D., Rugby Morris, M. A., F.It.C.S.Ed., London Hardy, H. N., M.RI.C.S., Jacob, A. Dublin DJulwich H., M.D., Lycett, J. A., M.D., Wolverhampton Morrison, 3. T. M.B., Birmingham Harrison, J., L.It.C.P.Ed., Bradford Jackson, Dr. J. H.. Vermont, U.S.A. A. LyVster, E., M.Rt.C.S., Coleshlill Morton, B., M.D., Bedditch Harman. W. M., Surg.-Maj. (retired), Jackson, A., M.Rt.C.S., Sheffield Lyon, D., M.13., Darvel Morton, T. H., M.D., Sheffield M.D., Winchester Jenkinis, Dr. J. F., Michigan, U.S.A. Lynes, E., M.D., Coventry Moss, H M.D., Chieshire Hall, S., M.R.C.S., Wigan Jefferies, H., M.Rt.C.S., Bolton Mould, G. W., M.Rt.C.S.. Manchester J. Hartill, 'P., M.R.C.S., Willenhall Jessett, F. B., M.Rt.C.S., London Maberley, F. H., L.It.C.P.Ed., Bir- Moyles, T., M.D., Birmingham Harrison, A. J., M.B., Bristol Jessop, T. F.Rt.C.S., Leeds minghlam Murphy, James, M.B., Sunderland Harrison, C., M.D., Lincoln Johnston, Dublin K., M.D., MacAlister, Donald, M.D., Cainbridge Myrtle, 3. A,, M.B., Harrogate Harrison, S. H., L.R.C.., M.R.C.S., Jones, E., MIR.C.S., Aberdare MacCarthy, Justin M'C., M.Rt.C.S., Tamworth Jones, T., M.Rt.C.S., Aughton Salop Napier. A. D. L., M.D., London M., M.R.C.S., S. Hallwright, Birm'gham Johnson, E., L.R.C.S.Edin., Bir- McCarthy, WV. F., M.B., Worcester Neal, 3., M.D., Landown Haynes, WV. S., M.B., Birmingham mingham Macartniey, It., L.It.C.P.Ed., L.lt.C.S. Neale, G., L.B.O.S.Ed., L.R.C.P.Ed., Hackniey, J., M.D., Hythe Johnston, J., M.B., Birmingham Ed., Ciniderford Cardiff Harbinsoni, J. W., Buthin L.Rt.C.P.Edin., Lei- Jones, T., M.Rt.C.S., McColl, Dr. Hugh, Mich., U.S.A. Neale, 3. H., M.B.. Leicester cester Jones, T., Esq., Harlech MacDonald, G., M.D., London Needsi, 3. T., L.Rt.C.P.Ed., L.F.P.S. Harvey, A., M.B., Jones, W., Iluabon Birmingham M.Rt.C.S., MacDonnelliW. 0., L.R.C.P., M.Rt.C.S., Glasg., Manchester Harvey, J., M.D., Handsworth Jones, G., M.Rt.C.S., Birmingham London Needlsam, F., M.D., Gloucester Haslam, W. F., F.R.C.S., Edgbaston Johnson, S., M.D., Stoke-on-Trent McFadyeain, M.B., Leith Nelis, W. F., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.F.P.S. Havard, D., M.D., Newport Jordan, W. R., M.It.C.S., Birmingham- McGeaglb, P., M.D., Liverpool Glas., Abergavenny Hadley, C., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Jones, H. M. B., Liverpool McGeagh, W., M.D., Liverpool Nelson, Dr. D. T., Chicago Haddow, It. W. T., M.B., Kilmarnock Johnston, C. St., M.R.C.S., Birmiinghm McGillivray, A., M.B., Dundee Nelson, M.D., Belfast Hamilton, T. T., L.Rt.C.P.Bdin., Bury Joyilt, C., M.D., Carrickmines MacGregor, F., M.B., Leicester Nelson, Dr. S. U., Boston, U.S.A. Harper, J., M.Rt.C.S., Barnstaple Jonies, M.D., Earlswood Asylum Machisi, Edmund S., M.Rt.C.S., Bir- Nelsion, T., M.D., Birmingham Hart, D. Bet ry, M.D., Edinburgh Jordan, J. F., M.B., Birmingham mingham Neville, T., M.D., London Hall, Frederick, M.D., Leeds C. Johnson, J. B., L.Rt.O.P.Edin., Mackenzie,A.G.,M.It.C.P.Ed.,F.R.C.S. Nevitt, Dr. B. B Toronto, Canada Harrison, W., M.D., Matlock Wetherby Ed., Much Wenilock Newman, A. C., M.B.C.S., Leominster R. T. Harrisonl, C., L.Rt.C.P., M.Rt.C.S., Jones, B., M.R.C.S., Llanrwst Mackenzie, D. M.D., Glossop Newton, M.B.C.S., Cheltenham Ealing Johnston, J. 5., L.K.Q.C.P.I., Shamn- Mackenzie, G. H., M.D., Edinbtirgli Newton, G., M.Rt.C.S., Cheshire Harrison, D., brook M.Rt.C.S., Liverpool Mackenzie, W. G., L.It.C.P.Ed., Newton, B. A., M.R.C.S., Birmingham J. Hamilton, R., M.D., Hawick, N.B. Jolly, It., M.D., Birmingham F.Rt.O.S.Ed., Belfast Nicisolson, T. D., M.D., Bristol Hatton, G. S.. M.D.. Newcastle Johnstone,G.W.,L.Rt.C.P.Edin.,Wigan Mackintosh, D. J., M.B., Glasgow Nicolaysen, Dr. Norway Hamilton, J. B., M.D., H. London -Brig.-Surg., Jones, L., M.D., McLaughlin, Surg.-Maj. H. 3., M.B., Nicolson, H., M.D., Warwick London Jones, H. M., M.D., London Birminghiam Noake, 5. 3., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Ed., Hall, F. de H., M.D., London Joynit, H. N. H., M.B., Birmingham McLauchlain, T. G., M.B., Edgbaston Birminghiam Haward, E., M.D., London Jones, C. W.. Bowdon M.B., McLennan, D. U., M.D., Appletonl-ini- Norris. B., M.D., Birmingham Hall, W., M.It.C.S., Leeds Joy, J. H., M.D., Tamworth Widnes Norriss,E.H.,L.lt.C.S.Ed.,Birmingh'm Hardy, E. P., L.R.C.P., Hull .Jones, J. W., M.R.C.S., Coleshill MacLintock, M.D., Bradford Handford, H., M.D., Juler, H. London Nottinghiam E., F.Rt.C.S., McMorris, Fleet-Stirg. 3., E.N., O'Callaghans, M. Q., L.It.C.P.& S.Ed., Haynies, S. L., M.D., Malvern M.It.C.S., Bradford Brailsford Hanidcock, George, M.Rt.C.S., Leeds Kerr, N. S., M.D., London Macnamara, C., F.It.C.S., London O'Callaghan, T. A., F.B.C.S.I., Hallilay, John, M.R.C.S., Leeds Keyworthi, G. H., M.B., Wem Macnamara, M. F., F.Rt.C.S.I., Dubi.in Carlow Hartnett, T., M.D.. London J. Kennedy, W., L.Rt.C.S.Irel., North- MacNaughit, M.D., Manchester O'Connor, Mi. It., M.D., Limerick Henderson, T. B., M.D., Glasgow ampton McNicoll, Edward D., F.It.C.S.Ed., O'Keeffe, McN., L.Rt.C.P.Ed., Heaton G., M.Rt.C.S., Hlandsworth Kennedy, Dr. T. C.,Shelby,Ind.,U.S.A. L.B.C.P.Ed., Soutlsport L.It.C.S.Ed., Widnies Hedley, J., M.D., J. Middlesborougls-on- Kelly, K., M.D., Glasgow Macphail, S. It., M.D., Derby Oldham, C., FItOCS., LEO.C?., Brom- Tees Kelland, J., M.B., Salisbury McWilliamn, A., M.D., Aberdeen wich Hemming, J. IH., M.Rt.C.S., Kimbolton Iier, H. R., F.R.C.S., Balham Madden, T. More, M.K.Q.C.P.Irel., Oliver, W., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.It.C.S.Ed., Hewetsoss, H. B., M.It.C.S., Leeds Kerin, Surg. M. W., L.Rt.C.S.I., Dublin Walsall Heuston, F. T., M.D., Dublin L.A.H., Cork Madders, G., Esq., Rathmines O'Neill, H., M.D., Belfast Herrinigliam, W. P., M.D., London Keser, J. S.. M.D., London Mahood, A. M.D., Birmingham Orrock, G. D., M.B.. Biriiingham Hellier, Johni B., M.D., Leeds Keiller, A., M.D.,.lldinburgh Malcomson, A., M.D., Middles- Orton, F. J., Md.D., Birmingham Hicks, C., L.Rt.C.P., Birmingham Kirk, J. P., Esq., Hinsdlesy borough Orwiu, A. W., M.D., London Higginson, J. W., Esq., Birminigham G. C., M.D.. Kingsburv, Blackpool Manley, 3., M.Rt.C.S.. West Bromwich O'Ryan,J.F.,L.E.C.P.Ed.,L.R.C.S.Ed., Hirons, G. M., L.R.C P.Ed., Boscombe Kidd, F. W., M.D., Dublin Manley, H. H., M.D., West Brom- Tipperary Hill, T. H., M.Rt.C.S., Oxford Kibler, Dr. C. B., Corry, Pa, U.S.A. wich Osler, Dr. W., Baltimore, U.S.A. Hill, G. W., M.B., London E. Kirby, D., M.B., Birmingham Mann, W. S., M.Rt.C.S., Birmingham Oswald, WV. 3., M.D., London Hitchicock, Dr. F. E., Rtockland, U.S.A. King, H. W., M.D., Chester Manning, N. S., L.K.Q.C.P.Irel., Bir- O wen, Isambard, M.D., London Hill, A., M.D., Birmingham Kinigsland, A. S., M.D., Birmingham mingham Owen, Dr. Chicago HoareItIR., F.Rt.C.S.Ed., Gravelly Hill Kindleberger, Dr. D., Washington, Mapother, E. D., M.D., Londoni Owen, B. C. L., F.Rt.C.S.I., M.Rt.C.S., Hobbes, F., Sutton Coldfield U.S.A. H. D.C., Marcy, Dr. 0., Boston, U.S.A. Birminiglsam Horton, H., M.It.C.S.. Bath Knott, J. F., M.D., Dublin Marsh, F., F.It.C.S., LEO.C?., Bir- Dr. J. Hodges, A., Fayetteville', N.C., minga Panas, Dr. -, Paris Lancaster,J.,Surg.-Maj.I.Mk.S.,Madras MashJ. W., M.Rt.C.S., Lincoln Parkes, L. C., M.D., London Hollings, Robert, M.D., Wakefield Langston, J., F.Rt.C.S., London Martin, A. H., MB-OCS., Evesham Flace, DJr. M.., Danas, Tex., U.S.A. Holmes, T., London D. Portland FPROCS., Lawson, 3., M.D., Martin, C., M.D., Birmingham Parsons, F. H., M.D.. West Worthing Holmes, James G., L.Rt.C.P., Leeds Lankester, H., M.R.C.S., Leicester Martin, D. C.. M.D., Stourport Parsons, H. F., M.D., Londoni Holland, C. B., M.D., Matlock Lawless, G. L.K.Q.C.P.I., Sligo Martin, L.F.P.S.Glas.. Bolton ParkinSOn, C. M. W., M.R.C.S., Dorset Hollinsllead, F., M.Rt.C.S., Belly Oak Lawrence, A. E. A., M.D., Clifton Martin, T., M.Rt.C.S., Bristol Parsons, J., M.DB., London Holman, C., M.D., Reigate Lay, C. B., L.R.C.S.Edin., Saxmund- Martin, W. Y., M.D., Bolton-le-Moors Page, H. M.. M.D., Itedditch Holyoake, J. P., M.Rt.C.S., Kinver ham Matthews, Dr. P., Cartiiiville, Parker, WV., M.Rt.C.S., London Houseman,B.W., M.R.C.S.,Birm'gham Leary, T., L.R.C.S., L.K.Q.C.P.I., U.S.A. Patrick, H M.Rt.C.S., Birmingisam Holloway, G., L.Rt.C.P.Ed.,Birm'gham Castlederg Mason, John W., M.D., Hull Parsonis, C., M.D., Dover 520 -T-HE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Aug. 30, 1890.

Paterson, A. M., M.D., Duindee Roberts, John, M.D., Chester Stewart, J., F.R.C.P.Ed., Bristol Vokes, C., L.R.C.S.I., Birmingham Partridge, T., M.R.C.S., M.K.Q.C.P. Roberts, R., M.R.C.S., Portmadoc Startin, 3., M.R.C.S., London Irel., Gloucestershire Robertson, C., M.B., Birminghiam Stear, H., M.R.C.S., Saffron Walden WValsh, D., Esq., Birminghiam Palmer, C., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Ed., Robertson, J. A., M.D., Peterborough Stead, G., L.R.C.P., WValsall 3. XV., M.D., Burton-on-Trent WVatkinis, Newton-he- Robertson, J., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.F.P.S. Strair., WV. L., M.D., Brazil Parkes, Dr. C. T., WVillows Chicago, U.S.A. Glasg., Steel, W. Birmingham D., M.D., Abergavenny WVatieii, 3. Hf., L.Rt.C.P., M.R.C.S., Parkes, W. E., M.R C.S., Birmingham Rob)ertson, R., M.d., Isle of Wight Stone, G., L.R.C.P.Ed., Liverpool Clifton, Bristol Parks, C. J., M.It.C.S., London Robson, A. W. M., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Stokes, F. W., L.K.Q.C.P.I., Birming- WValker, G., M.D., Birkenllead Pa.rker, G., M.D., Bristol Leeds h-am WValker, XV., M.D., Riedcar Palmi, Rf. V., M.B., Wrexham Robinson, J., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Strong, It. H., L.R.C.P., Dudley XVade, W. F., M.B., Birmingham Parry, T. W., L.R.C.P.Ed., M.R.C.S., Cheshire Story, 3. B., M.D., Dublin Feriidale XVatson, 3., Brig-Sur(r. A.MS., War- Rtobinson, E., M.D., Birmingham Sterling, R., L.R.C.P.Ed., co. Kil- wick Payne, Dr. J. Boston, U.S.A. Round. Esq., Birmingham kenny WVatson, T., M.D., Stockton W. Soulthi Payne. A., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Rowe, E. L., L.IR.C.P.Ed., L.R.C.S.Ed., Style, Mark, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Ward, 3., M.Rt.C.S., Birminigham Page, H. W., M.B., London Ipswich Moreton-in-Marsh WVatkins, It. W., F.Rt.C.S., Towcester Penny, Deputy Surg.-Gen. J. C., M.D., Rooke, T. M., M.D., Clieltenham Standish, T., M.R.C.S., Staffordshire J. B., M.D., Huddersfield London WValker, Roper, W. Rt., M.D., Cambridge Suffern, A. C., M.D., Bromsgrove WValker, W., M.D., Glasgow Pemberton, 0., FJRLC.S., Birmingham Ru-ssell, W., M.D., Edinburgh Suckling, C. WV., M.D., Birmingham WValpole, G. A., L.Rt.C.S.l., Castlerode Pemberton, C. L. H., M.R.C.S., Ban- Russell, J., M.D., Burslem Sutcliffe, H., M.R.C.S., WVest Bromwich Warden, C., M.D., bury Birminigham Ruttle, R., Esq., Accriiugton Symonds, C. J., M.D., Lonidon WVale, G., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Croydon Peters, Dr. G. A., Toronto, Canada Rugg, G. L., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Lon- Symington, J., M.D., Edinburgli Walsham, W. J., M.B., Lonidon Peirce, J. E., M.R.C.S.. Redditch don Sympson, T., F.R.C.S.Eng., Lincoln Wallace, F., L.It.C.P., Peacock,H. G., M.Rt.C.S., Ron M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Ed., Ruigg, G. P., M.D., London don Kingswinford Rygate, D. J., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Tait, Lawson, F.R.C.S., Birmingham WValker, H. S., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L. W. Pegler, H., M.B., Alfreton Cambridige Taylor, L. A., L.R.C.P.Ed., Stafford- Bradford Phillips, L.. M.D., Birmingham Rygate, J., M.D., London shire Wallace, A., M.D London Philipson, G. H., M.D., Newcastle-on- Rygate, R. Et., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Taylor, J. WV., F.R.C.S., Birmingham Warburton, S., Treher- Tyne Et. M.Rt.C.S., New South Wales bert Phillips, H. H. E., M.D., Readiing .Liverpool Wal ters, C. A., M.R.C.S., Chieltenliam Philpots, H., M.B., Birkenliead Samuels, A.. M.D., J. A., M.R.C.S., London Liverpool Tapson, Welchl, .1. B., M.B., Birmingliam Phelps, Dr. A. M.. New York Savage, T., M.D., Birmingham Tenchelmann, E., L.K.Q.C.P.irel., Bir- Weller, G., M.R.C.S., London Phllpots, J. R., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.R.C.S. Sausome, T., M.R.C.S.,West Bromwich Mingham Wells, A. P., L.IR.C.P.Ed., L.R.C.S., Ed., Parkston Dr. Sauindby, R., M.D., Birminigham Teifft, 3. B., Springfield, Missouri, Beckenbam Pilicher, W. J., F.R.C.S., ]Boston Scatliff, P. M., L.R.C.P., Lonidon U.S.A. Webster, T., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Bris- Plummer, H. B. WV., M.B., Brom- G. WVest Schokman, P., M.D., Ceylon Tew, 3. 5., M.D., Nottingham tol wich Scurrah, D., M.D., Terry, If., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Northampton WVelchman, It. W., L.R.C.P.Ed., Playfair, W. S., M.D., London Scott, J. A., G. M.D., Dublini Thiomas, B. P., M.D., London L.R.C.S.Itd., Lichlield Powell, G. W., M.B., Birmingham Scott, 3., M.B., Stafford Thomas, W., M. B., Birminghiam Webb, L., L.R.C.P., Salop H. T1. M.R.C.S_. Pooler, W., Esq., Birmingham Scriven, Bournemouth S., M.D., Derby Thlomas, XV. It.. M.D., Weston,I.., M.Rt.C.S., Stafford Poole, Surg.-Maj. G. K., H.M.I.S., Seaton, E.. M.D., Londoni Thomas, H., M.R.C.S., Birmingham WVestland, A., M.D., M.D., London Lonidonl Short, T. S., M.B., Birminigliam Thomas J. T'., L.K.Q.fJ.P.Irel., New- WVestcott, WV. WV., M.B., London. .Pope, H. C., M.D., Londion C. Sharpe, H., L.R.C.P.Edin., Langley port WVhitcombe, E. B., M.R.C.S., Birming- Porter, W. S., M.D., Slieffield Shiives, J., M.D., Liversedige Thimbleby, J., L.R.C.P.Edin., Lin- ham Potts, J. A., M.B., Birmingham Slioemaker, Dr. J. V., Philadelphia, colnshire Whieelhouse, C. G., F.R.C.S., Filey Powell, E., M.R.C.S., Nottingham U.S.A. R., Thomsoni, 3. M.D., Bournemouth Whiitcombe, W. P., Esq., Birmingham Pope, F. M., M.B., Leicester Dr. S., U.S.A. Shierwell, Brooklyn, Thomson, W., M.D., Algiers Wheeler, B., M.R.C.S., Essex Procter, S. Ei., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Bir- C. H. Shlears, B.. L.R.C.P., Liverpool 3. L.R.C.P.Ed., Thomson, F., Felling- White, 3., F.R.C.S.Ed., Nottingham mingham Shieen, A., M.D., Cardiff on-Tyne Whsitby, E. V., M.R.C.S.,,Birmnngham Price, A., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Birming- Shaw, 0. C.. M.D., Birmingham Thomson, J., L.R.C.P.Ed., Kings- White, E. W. W., M.B., ham Birminghiam Simon, R. M., M.D., Birmingliam winford WVhitham, A., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.it.C.S. Price, E., L.R.C.P.Edin., M.R.C.S. W. Sibley, K., M.D.. London Thomson, A., Esq., Oxford Ed., Chorley Eng Tipton Skerritt, E. M., M.D., Bristol Thompson, E. Et., L. t.C.IP., Birming- WVhite, F. Y., L.lt.C.P., M.R.C.S., Prichard, A., F.IR.C.S., Bristol Sm-ith, A. M., M.D., Glasgow ham Coventry Prichard, J. E., M.B., Bristol Smith, N., F.R.C.S.Ed., Lonidon Thlompson, F. H., M.R.C.S., Salop Whiite, H. WV., L.R.C.P.Ed.. Bradfordl Price. W., M.B., Cardiff Smith, D. T., M.D., Preston Thompson, W. H., Esq., Dublin XVhite, WV., M.D Manchlester Prankerd, 0. Rt., M.D., Brighiton A. Smithi, J., M.B., Dublin Thomson, W. Hayes, L.R.C.P.Ed., XV'ilson, WV. W., F.it.C.S.Ed., Pritchard,R.A.,L. M.Rt.C.S., R.C.P.Ed.,M.it.C.S., Smithi, J. W., M.D., Rtytois-on-Tyne Cradley Birminglham Conway Smiths, C. R., M.B., Wolverhampton Thorpe, G. E. K., M.R.C.S., Sheffield Wilson. A. H., L.lt.C.P., M.R.C.S. Preston, Hf. Y., M.D., Kidderminster Smyith, R., Esq., Birminghiam Thurstield, T. W., M.D., Leamington Liverpool Price, J. D., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Dud- Smi-th, P., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Thurstleld, W. N., M.D., Shrewsbury WVill, Dr. 0. B., Peorica, Ills, U.S.A. ley J. Smithi, G., M.D., Bristol Tighe, J., L.R.C.P.Ed., Birmingha WVilsnon, G., M.D., Warwick Pursiow, C. B.. M.D., Birmingham M.D.. London Smith, H., Tilton, Bt., M.R.C.S., Gloucester Williamson, G. E., F.II.C.S., New- Pye, W., F.R.C.S., London Simithi, Suirg.-Maj. S., M.R.C.S., Bristol Tims, H. W.M., M.B., London castle-on-Tyiie Smithi, S. C., M.D., Halifax S., Londone Tilley, F.R.C.S., Williams, B. M., L.K.Q.C.P.Irel., Quirke, J., L.R.C.S.I., Bir- MR.COP., Smithi, T. H., L.R.C.P., Alcester Tilley, Dr. R., Chicago, U.S.A. M.I.C.S., Liverpool miighiam Rt. W.. Smithi, M.R.C.S., Birmingham Tibbits, J., M.D., Warwick Willmore, F. W., M.lt.C.S., WValsall Smithi, M.R.C.S., Redditch WV., Totberick, 3. Y., M.D.,WVolverhampton Williams, Dawson, M.D., Lonidoni Dr. Ranchi, J. H., Springfield, Ill., XV., M.D., Londoni Smithi, Torrance, B. W., M.D., Syria WVigg, T. C., L.lt.C.P.Ed., M.R.C.S., U.S.A. Smithi, XVm., M.D., Eccles Tomkins, A. W., M.B., Leamington Derby Ravenhiill, T. H., M.R.C.S., Birmiing- Smithi, W. W., M.D., Lonidon Trend, Thieophilus XVm., M.D., Southi- Wilson, T. S., lhaii M.B., Birmingham Smithi, G. T., M.R.C.S., Burton-on- ampton Wilson, F., L.R.C.P., L.IR.C.S.Ed.,Hull Rankin, G., M.D., Warwick Trent Trevelyani, Edmnond F., M.D., Leeds Wilhlis, G., M.D., Moninouthi Rayner, H., M.D., London Smithi, E. G., F.R.C.S.Edin., Birminig- Treharne,E.,L.J.C.P.Ed.,L.1R.C.S.Itd., 'Wilson, Dr. H. P. C., Baltimore, U.S.A. Ratcliffe, J. R., M.B., Burnley ham Cardiff M. Wigleswortli, 3., D., IRainhill Renny, A. W., M.B., Southampton R. S., Bristol Smithi, M.D., Tunstall, 3. 0., M.D., Birmingham Winidle, B. C. A., M.D., Birmingham Rennie, WV., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Bir- M.D., co. Kildare N. Smythl, J., Turner, If., L.Ii.C.P., M'.R.C.S., Wise, It. S., M.D., Baiiburty minghiam W. Smyly, J., M.D., Dublin Birmingham Willardl, Dr. Be T.,Philadelphia,U.S.A. Renni-er, C., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Lon- Snow, H., M.D., Londloi Turner, T., M.R.C.S., Hereford Williams, 3. B., M.D., Edinburgh don Sniell, Et. H., L.R.C.P., Birminghiam Tuke, D. H., FPROCP., M.R.C.S., Wiliiams, M., L.R.C.P.Ed., M.R.C.S., Dr. R. Reeve, A., Toronto, Canada Snell, S., L.R.C.P., Sheffield London Cardiff Renitoul, Rt. It., MI.D., Liverpool Sniow, V., M.D., Bou-rnemouth Turner, A. W., Surgeon M.S.,Lichfleld WVilliams, 0. T.. L.K.Q.C.P.Irel., Renniie, Dr. G. S., Onitario, Canada Soutliam, F. A., M.B., Mancehester Tylecote, E. T., M.D., Staffordshlire M.R.C.S., Holylsead Reed, G., M.D., Stafford Solhy, E., M.B., London Tyson, W. 3., M.D., Folkestone Wilkinson, 3., M.B.. Penkridge Rhiodes, W., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Ed., Spanton, W. D., F.Rt.C.S.Ed., Tyler, A. M.R.C.S., Hanley Jit., Birminghiam WVilliams, 3. L., M.B., Wrexliam Salop Spicer, S., M.D.. Londlons WVithers, It. WV. O., M.It.C.S., Rhodles, G. M.R.C.S., L.Rt.C.P., WV., Hfuddersfield Spence, J. B., M.D., LichifleldI Underhiill, A. S., M.D., Tipton Shrewsbury Richards, W., MN.B., Birminigham Spence, W. J., L.R.C.P.Ed., Leicester Uniderhill, F. IV., F.R.C.S.Ed., Wood, H., M.R.C.S., Birmingham Richrar(ds, J. E., L.R.C.S.Edin., Spackmani, H. R., L.R.C.P., WVolver- M.R.C.S., Blirmingham XVoods, H., M.D., Lonidoni L.R.C.P.Ed., Huidderstield hamptoni Underhlill, W. L., k.Rl.C.S., Birming- WVood, T. O., M.D., Lonidon Richiards, T., M.D., Birminchbam Spackman, W., M.D., Wolverhampton hiam Wolmensden,3J.W., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.I., Richiardis, G. W., MlD., Stourbridge Stainithiorpe, T., M.D., Hexhiam Uniderlilll, T. Et., MN.D., WVorcestershire Bnirton-on-Trennt Rirkards, E., M.B., Birmingham Stephens, E., L.R.C.P.Ed., Somerset Underhill, T., M.D., West Brom-iwich WVood. J., M.B., Walsall Rid(ge, J., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Eni- Stephienson, Dr. It., Michigan, U.S.A. Unna, Dr., Hamburg T. London hieldi WVoodthouse, 3., MI)., Stevenson, G., M.D., Manchester Urquhiart, A. It., M.D., Perth Worley, W. C., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Richmond, J., M.B., Huiddersfield Stratliy, R. L., M.D.. Birmingham London Richardson, Dr. E. H., Cedartown, Stanley, A., L.R.C.P.Edin., Birming- Van Vistraud, 0. T. A. V., L.R.C.P.Ed., Woodhead, G. S., M.D., Balham U.S. A. ham L.R.C.S.Ed., Birmingham Wright, C. 3., M.R.C.S., Leeds Roberts, E., M.R.C.S., S. A. L.R.C.P.Ed., Strahan, K., M.D., Northampton 3. F., Vince, M.B., Birriinigham Worthington, Dr. It. H., Danver, North Wales Colo. Strange, A., 1Af B., Shrewsbury Vinrace, F. C., M.D.. Birmingham rada, U.S.A. Roberts, B. T., M.D.. New"port, Salop XVorcester Strange, W., M.D., Vinrace, 3., M.D., Birmingham Wray, C., F.R.C.S., Croydon Roberts, H. L., L.K.Q.C.P.I., J. C. Liverpool Stawell, L., M.B., co. Carlow Vinrace, E. D., M.R.C.S., London XVyer, 0. T., M.D., Leamington Roberts, Dr. J. B., Philadelphia,U.S.A. Stewart, D., M.D., Nottingham Vinrace, 3. H., M.B., London Wylie, A., M.D., London Wyman,W. S., M.D., London Yelf, R. E. B., M.B., Moreton-in-Marsh Young, J. M., M.B., Eye Hospital, Young,'Dr. RI. S., Concord, North Caro- Birmingham lina, U.S.A. Yellowle3s, D., M.D., Glasgow Lotcarriedadout, it was not until Saturday morning th theatMEIAorUNL.i Young, Dr. H. B., Burlington, Ind., esultsJino ofungery28the investigationsiooy,1890.]maolgyonThEurITsdaymade in India were set forth. A large U.S.A. udience met in the Urania to hear Dr. Brunton, who illustrated sipaperorltsptby photographs of the original tracings, thrown on to he screen by the magic lantern. Thoughpiaperthe excited much TENTHE interest, the arrangements made for other meetings prevented dis- cussion. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL THE EXHIBITION. THi tenth International Medical Congress, which has recently CONGRESS, taken place in Berlin, owed some portion at leadt of its interest to a scientific and medical exrhibition-an exhibition of surgical Held in 1890. instruments, of drugs, of life models, etc.-in fact, of anything BERLIN, Augu8t, nd everything belonging to the healing art. Of the twenty-two groups into which the exhibition was divided, SEMCTION OIF PHARMACOLOGY.-(ContinUed.) the one headed " Materia Meedica and Pharmaceutici "wasas perhaps AT outwardly the least attractive. It was chiefly made up of whitish the second meeting, on Thursday, August 7th, 1890, Professor ubstances in glass bottles, that looked more or less alike, and teat LEECHE (Manchester) and Dr. BERLIOZ (Paris) were elected honorary could not awaken much interest in themind oftheuninitiated. Atd, Presidents of the sgitting. indeed, heRegeneral public-which is still admitted to the exhibition Discussion on Spermin.-In the discussion on Spermin, Professor daily after 6 o'clock-passes them by with scarcely more than a SCHIMILDEJBERG (Strasburg) and Professor KoBERT (Dorpat) both glance, and hurries on to theb sweet little models " of hospitals, stated that they had found spermin to have no general toxic callpick and span, and as complete as doll's houses, or to the action on animals, and no action on the blood pressure.-The carcely less attractive, though certainly rather "disagreeable," views of Dr. POEHL were not accepted by the Section. lif sizee presentments of the proces by which we all of us have Chloroform.-Dr. PomL read a paper on chloroform, in which he come into this world. Not so the profession. They linger almost pointed out that the blood corpuscles take up four times more lovingly near the large supplies of precious drugs-old and new- than the serum does. The importance of this for chloroform to which they owe so great a share of their success in life. poisoning was dwelt upon. The exhibits of this group may be divided into: 1. Pure and Poisoning by Putrid Fish.-Dr. SCHMIDT (Dorpat) read a paper chemically definable substances; 2. Drugs, the component parts on poisoning by putrid fish. He had collected 150 cases, several f which are only partially known; and 3. Pharmaceutical pre- of which were in his own practice. The symptoms were the same parations and medicines , in the composition of which the first two in all, and he has succeeded in isolating a ptomaine, which acts groups enter. A prominent place in this department is taken by exactly like atropine. This ptomaine he regards as the poisonous the Imperial Board of Health, which-assisted by a number of principle. well-known firms of this branch-exhibits a fine collection of The "'Dead Space."-Professor LIEBREICH (Berlin) gave a drugs newly introduced into therapeutics. demonstration of the so-called dead space (Todte Baum). He hals Messrs. SCHAMMEO andCo, of Leipzig, here presentApio],obtained discovered that -when chemical reaction takes place, a certain rom the fruit of apium petrolileum (fusion point, 30° C.), which portion of the fluid at the surface remains in which chemical i used with success in cases of intermittent fever; Eucalyptol change does not occur. He showed that this was also a physical (Cineol), largely present in oil of cajaput and oil of eucalyptus phenomenon to a certain extent, and illustrated his explanation globulus, and a component part of many essential oils (eucalyptol with several very beautiful experiments. distinguished by strongly antiseptic qualities, and in conse- Papers were also read on soziodol and other subjects. quence of its refreshing taste is a favourite addition to gargles); At the third meeting, on Friday. August 8th, Dr. C. D. F. PHIL- Eugenol, a phenol with strong antiseptic effect, obtained from oil LIPS (London), Professior PLUIGGEM (Groningen), and Dr. BRONDGEEIST of cloves; Helenin, obtained from the root of Inula helenium (this (Holland) were elected Honorary Presidents. drug, used in cases of whooping-cough, has during the last few BRe8orcin, Caltha Palu8tris, etc.-Dr. ANDEER (Germany) read a Leeisbe:n exported to Spain in large quantities, as it is there paper on resiorcin.-Dr. BRONDGEEST gave an account of an in- used with success durinig the cholera epidemic); Menthol, the ve-stigation which he had made into the chemistry of caltha crystalline component of the Japanese oil of peppermint of palustris. He found that it had only the potassium action, a view Mentha arvensis (this drug has been received into the Pharma- which was opposed by Kobert.-Dr. KoBERT (Dorpat) has recently opoeia of the German Empire, and into the new edition of the made an investigation into tihe action of cetrarin, the active prin- Pharmacopoeia Austriainr its use in the form of " headache ciple of cetraria islandica, with the view of determining the pencils" is well known; it has also been successfully employed reasons for the therapeuLtical value of bitters. He used it in man to check sickness and vomiting during pregnancy). in doses of I1If grains, and found that itu caused increased peristalsis Of other firms thattake part in the exhibition of the Imperial of stomach and intestine, and caused slight hypereamia of the Board of Health Messrs. G LIi and Co, of Leipzig, exhibit new gastro-intestinal mucous membrane. In chlorosis, with constipa- Medicinal Drugs, and the "Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik" tion, it gave excellent results. In animals he found no increase of Carbolic Acid, obtained synthetically,which isnow much used for blood pressure, but marked increase of intestinal and gastric pastilles. peristalsis, and stimulation of the central nervous system.-Dr. At the request of the Board of Health Professor 0. LITBRiICh, DENAYERa read a paper on albuminoids.-Professior BiNz (Bonn) the director of the Pharmacological Institute of the University, has found flaoroform to have the same action as chloroform. He placed at their disposal a complete collection of substances has also found that bromoform is split up in the body, and is ubmitted to scientific investigation in his laboratories since the found in the urine as bromide. introduction of chloral-hydrate into therapeutics. Here we find Pharmacopa3ias.-Dr. LANGGAARD (Berlin) opened a discussion Chloral-hydrate in crystals and plates, and amongst other, now on pharmacopoeias, and expresesed the opinion that an international well-known, substances, Pure Lanolin, Lanolinum Anhydricum, pharmacopoeia was both undesirable and unpractical. There are nd L anolin Humanur.um This lanolinum humanum, obtained certain drugs much used in all countries, and these miglht with From vernix caseosa, is particularly interesrtiDg, as by it Liebreich advantage be prepared everywhere in the same way, but there has prover fact-deniedteede the by Unna and Santi-that lanolin occurs must always remain a number of substances which are peculiar in the human body. to each country. He advised also a fixed nomenclature for such Lanolin, too, in its various forms and stages-from sheep wool commonly used substances, and so far as possible a fixed strength to the agreeably-scetetentedwh ointmentite in elegant tin tubes- of active principles.-Dr. HIIRSCH (Berlin) followed with a com- orms the exhibit of Messrs. JAFFH and tDARMSTAEDTER. It is parison of the contents and preparations of different pharma- wottoo much to say that as an ointment base-nay, as a remedial copceias. The discussion was taken part in by Professors KoBEmRT, gent itself-lanolin has won for itself an excellent and wide- LuIEBRiCH, LEE.CH, and others. spread reputation. Ckloroform.-The proposal to hold a joint meeting of the Sec- Dr. E. JACOBSEN, the well-known chemist, here exhibits Aug. 30, 1890.] THB BRITISR MBDICAL JOURNAL. 625 The sanitary measures adopted in recent years by the corporation alluded to the want in seaside towns of tepid sea water and other had resulted in a decrease of the death-rate to the extent of 6.97 special baths for invalids at moderate charges. per 1,000. Instancing several reforms which he said must soon come, Other Papers.-Mr. W. H. HALLETT, F.L.S.. J.P., D.L., alderman he expressed the belief that their adoption would result in the of the borough of Brighton, read a paper on The Brighton Water- falling of the death-rate from 15.04 to at most 10 per 1,000.-Some works.-Mr. F. J. MAY, A.M.I.C.E., read a paper on Brighton as a discussion followed the reading of the paper, and a resolution was Health Resort.-Mr. R. E;. MIDDLETON contributed a paper on carried unanimously, on the motion of Mr. A. G. HENRIQUES, Waterworks Regulations. J.P., recommending to the council of the Institute the considera- tion of the expediency of introducing and promoting a Bill in Parliament making landlords and owners liable for all sanitary improvements in dwelling houses. Value of Hygienic Knowvledge to Women.-Dr. A. T. SCHOFIELD ASSOCIATION INTELLIGENCE, read a paper on The Value of fHygienic Knowledge to Women. House Sanitation.-Professor CORFIELD, M.D., read a paper on NOTICE OF QUARTERLY MEETINGS FOR 1890. House Sanitation from a Householder's Point of View, in which ELECTION OF MEMBERS. he pointed out many minor matters which householders neglected A meeting of the Council will be held on October 15th, 1890. and which led to the propagation of disease, which could be pre- Candidates for election by the Council of the Association must vented if they could only induce them to learn the elementary send in their forms of application to the General Secretary not principles of house sanitation. later than twenty-one days before the meeting, namely, September The Electric Light.-Mr. W. H. PREECE, F.R.S., delivered a 24th, 1890. lecture On the Sanitary Aspects of Electric Lighting. He said Any qualified medical practitioner, not disqualified by any by- that all other sources of artificial illumination being dependent on law of the Association, who shall be recommended as eligible by the absorption of oxygen and resulting in the vitiation of the air any three members, may be elected a member by the Council or were injurious to health. Everywhere the use of the electric by any recognised Branch Council. light was increasing by leaps and bounds, and not only was it Candidates seeking election by a Branch Council should apply naturally the proper source of light, but economically it must to the Secretary of the Branch. No member can be elected by a eventually supplant its rivals. Branch Council unless his name has been inserted in the circular School Attendance and Infectious Disease.-On Wednesday Dr. summoning the meeting at which he seeks election. ARTHUR NEWSHOLMUE, Medical Officer of Health for Brighton, read FRANcIs FOwKE, General Secretary. a paper on The Bearing of School Attendance upon the Spread of Infectious Disease. He pointed out that the danger of the spread of infectious disease through school attendance chiefly applied to MEETINGS TO BE HELD. measles. Information received through compulsory notification BRANCH should be communicated to head teachers of schools; the practice EAST ANGLIAN BRANCH.-An autumn meeting w-ill be held under the presi- of school teachers of sending school children to look after absentees dency of Dr. Beverley, Norwich, at the Town Hall, Cromner, on September was condemned.-Dr. ARMSTRONG said measles was really the 25th, at 3 P.M. Members intending to read papers are requested to communi- most fatal of zymotic diseases, and in Newcastle caused more cate with EDGAR G. BARNEs and MICHAEL BEVEIRLEY, Hoil. Secs. deaths than any two others. Measles being infectious before the eruption appeared, principals of schools should receive informa- tion of any symptoms that might turn out to be measles.-On the motion of Dr. KEMPSTER, a resolution was carried recommending SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE. the Council to endeavour to procure the addition of measles to the list of diseases under the Notification of Diseases Act. A National Health Service -The Hon. F. A. R. RUSSELL read a PARIS. paper on A National Health Service. A ministry of health might Undescribed Displacement of Kidney.-Thyroid-grafting in Myx- learn from the notification already adopted by over three-fourths acdema.-Aseptic Surgery.-Cremation and Infectious Disease.- of the country the distribution and progress of various diseases, Resection of Liver.-The Fasting Girl.-Reform of Medical and its officers might be continuously conducting a campaign against them by the best known means. He contended that, as Teaching in France. recommended by the Joint Committee on State Medicine of the M. Potain draws attention to a new variety of misplaced kidney British Medical and Social Science Associations, there should be namely, one of anteversion. It id rarely met with, and has not created, instead of the many local authorities now existing, a yet been described. At first it is difficult to diagnose. The upper department of the State under the presidency of a minister of extremity of the kidney slips under the lower surface of the liver, health. Under this there would be county boards with health ribs. officers under central control, all making up one great body of and is felt below the floating workers for general State medical purposes.-In the course of dis- At the recent meeting of the Association for the Advancement of cussion, Dr. ALFRED CARPENTER said he had something to do with Science, a paper was read by MM. Bettencourt and Serrona on the committee referred to and the drawing up of the report. He Myxcedema successfully treated by grafting the thyroid gland of still felt that the recommendations made to the then Prime Min- a sheep; the gland is divided into two, and is then inserted ister (Lord Beaconsfield) were such as ought to commend them- region. The number of the red selves to all sanitarians. He had no doubt many of them would beneath the skin of the thyroid live to see the work carried out on the lines laid down by the corpuscles increased and reached the normal proportion; speech committee. became clearer; perspiration previously absent became regular; Baths.-The proceedings of Section 2 were opened with an the cedema was less; the catamenia which generally lasted three address on Baths, by the President of the Section, Professor T. weeks were reduced to four days. ROGER SMITH, F.R.I.B.A., in the course of which he said that At the recent congress held at Limoges M. Terrier read a paper while the operations of the Baths and Washhouses Aet had on the question of aseptic treatment instead of antiseptic. Aseptic brought a means of bathing within the reach of large numbers treatment consists in rendering sterile all instruments used by of people, it had not gone far enough. In London and other steeping them in an antiseptic solution or placing them in a dis- crowded towvns and cities he had no doubt that simple, cheap, infecting stove at 1600 or 1800 C., keeping the hands disinfected and accessible bathing establishments, formed in crowded neigh- by washing them in an antiseptic solution. Antiseptic treatment bourhoods, set up, as a rule, in existing buildings and adapted to should still be used in cases where the conditions previous to the wants and the purse of the crowd, would be popular and operation are of microbian nature. M. Raymond, of Limoges, has largely used. His impression was that they could be made to successfully treated puerperal peritonitis by the aseptic method. pay their expenses, and possibly to yield a profit to those who Dr. Thouvenet, of Limoges, proposed at tne recent congress that established them. If so, few better openings for practical bene- the question of making cremation for the dead bodies of victims volence seemed to exist than the multiplication of appliances of to infectious diseases compulsory should be studied by legal this sort.-In moving a vote of thanks to Professor Roger Smith authorities. for his address, Sir THOMAS CRAWFORD, President of the Congress, M. Terrillon has quite recently excised a portion of liver con- 534 THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Aug. 30, 1890

Ing the necessity of disinfection after cases of diphtheria, you are putting views, or call evidence before the justices in opposition to the inspector's me in the disagreeable position of having to directly contradict the expressed notice. If not satisfied as to the necessity of the notice served by the local opinion of a brother medical, and I feel sure that in a calmer mood you would on the ground that the alleged nuisance does not exist, the justices never have expressed yourself in the manner you did. Loeffler's investiga- authority tions have proved that diphtheria is a highlly infectious disease, and on page can refuse to make any order. Should, however, an order be made, an appeal 459 of Selected Essays on Microparasites in Disease, published by the New still lies to the Court of Quarter Sessions. Sydenham Society, the following sentence may be found: 'It is evident that the place occupied by the patient must be carefully disinfected.' Very TOBIN'S TUBES. similar opinions may be found expressed in the following standard works: MIRROR.-I. The patent of Tobin's tubes has expired, and: suchl tubes can now Wilson's Handbook of Hygiene, 5th edition, u. 381; Hirsch's book of Geographi- be supplied by anly firm manufacturing sanitary appliances. Descriptions, cal and Historical Pathoiogy, vol. 3, page 115; Theory and Practice of Medicine, with diagrams of Tobin's tubes and other ventilating appliances, will be fouln(i by Roberts, 5th edition, page 172; Etiology of Inzfective Diseases, by Dr. C. in nearly all works on hygieiie. for example, Corfield's Dwelling Houses, Louis Plugge, page 737. In fact, abundant evidence may be obtained in any recent Parkes's Hygiene and Public Health (Lewis's Practical Series), Newsholme's work on medicine, of the necessity of disinfection in these cases. This being Hygiene, etc. to, I think It my duty to advise disinfection, and if you still see fit not to do 2. We would advise the ladv in question to become a member of the so, I shall be compelled to ask the Board of Guardians to allow me to order National Health Society-Miss Lanikester, Secretary, Berners Street, London, disinfection to be carried out in a proper manner in the cases of those who W. A perusal of some of the National Health Society literature would pro- are unable to do it for themselves.-I am, yours truly, bably supply the required information. Lectures on nursing and domestic " P.S. The message delivered by Mrs. -, from you, was that you said to hygiene are given to ladies' classes by the lecturers of the St. John Ambulance her: ' Go and be hanged, and tell Dr. he need not send me any more of Associationi, and by the Sanitary Institute in London during Lent every year. his messages. He ought to know better.' n m The Ladies' Sanitary Association, Tottenham, is also engaged in educational In reply, I received a letter from Dr. -, of which the following is a copy: sanitary work. " Dear Sir,-In reply to your letter of the 14th instant, as you make sulch a point of disinfection, I will direct my inspector to do the work. Diphtheria is 'contagious,' not 'infectious.' In future any communications you may have to make, do so by letter, and not send a message by an impertinent woman.-Yours truly, Would you now kindly express your opinion: 1. As to the conduct of MEDICAL NEWS, Dr. -. 2. As to whether you think diphtheria is infectious. 3. As to whether you think it necessary to disinfect the houses in which cases of SEVERAL cases of leprosy are said to have been discoverad in diphtheria have occurred. Englishtown, Cape Breton Island. *** 1. We are notin a positiontogiveanopinion. 2. Diphtheria is, of course, Infectious. 3. The measures of disinfection vary according to individual THE Russian Medical Department has issued an order that opinion respecting the etiology of the disease, which is druggists are on no account to dispense medicines on the pre- very obscure. scription of dentists. INFECTIOUS DISEASE (NOTIFICATION) ACT, 1890. A SEVERE epidemic of what is believed to be a peculiarly viru- M. 0. H. writes: A medical officer of health receives a certificate of notifica- lent form of diphtheria is said to be prevalent in the fishing towns tion, and forthwith proceeds to the spot to advise the persons in charge what to do (see Local Government Board's order of 1880). Should he endeavour to of the French shore of Newfoundland. see the patient in order to satisfy himself of the accuracy of the diagnosis, anonymous person has a sum of roubles towards and to enable him to give proper instructions? If so, should he communi- AN given 10,000 cate with the practitioner in charge, and endeavour to see the patient with the establishment of a hygienic institute at Warsaw, in memory of him? Is he (the medical officer of health) justified in seeing the patient in the late Professor Chalubinski. the absence of the practitioner in charge? Of course the medical officer of health must not state his diagnosis to the patient or the patient's friends, A CENSUS of pharmaceutical chemists and dentists in Russia but Is he justified in questioning the accuracy of the diagnosis when he re- will be taken in September. The last enumeration was made ports to his sanitary authority and to the Local Government Board ? in 1888. It is needless to say that the accuracy of the certificate of notification does not affect the liability of the sanitarv authority to pay the appointed fee to A TELEGRAM from Halifax (N.S.) states that the British warship the practitioner who gave the certificate. I put these questions purely to get your opinion. I have no case in question, and have not had the slightest Buzzard arrived there oa Sunday from Jamaica with nineteen difficulty or Ill-feeling with any " brother chip." cases of yellow fever on board. One man died on the voyage and *** These questions are put categorically and we cannot give answers which was buried at Port Royal. would fairly represent our views. We think that a medical official should, as THE foulness of the Seine, from which a large part of Paris far as it Is consistent with his duty, show every consideration for the prac- draws its water supply, may be judged by the fact that the barbel titioner who has given the certificate bondfide. We are aware that sometimes in that river are said to have been nearly exterminated by a kind ea medical officer of health is placed in a very awkward position, as for of fish cholera, which is attributed to the impurity of the water. example, where a medical practitioner has sent a certificate of a case as typhus, and where the circumstances of the case render it highly improbable that THE Russian Government is about to establish an office in con- the diagnosis is correct. In such a case it may be desirable that he should nection with the Medical Department of St. Petersburg, where in- *see the patient, but it should be with the practitioner who has given the formation as to Russian health resorts and mineral springs can be certificate. obtained. THE balance-sheet of the Russian Red Cross Society, issued on 0. W.-The diseaRes to which the Infectious Disease (Notificatlon) Act, 1889, July 2nd, showed a balance to the credit of the society of applies, are small-pox, cholera, diphtheria, membranous croup, erysipelas, scarlet fever, typhus, enteric fever, relapsing fever, continued fever, and 2,846,963 roubles 75 kopecks, of which sum 617,400 roubles be- puerperal fever. Measles, whooping-cough, German measles, and chicken- longed to the provincial committees. pox, are not included in this Act, but a local authority can, by special resolu- tion, order that the Notification Act shall apply in their dsstrict to "any ACCORDING to official statistics compiled by a new and im- infectious disease other than a disease specifically mentioned in this Act " (Sec- proved method, the number of medical practitioners in Russia is tion7), and in this way measles, whooping-cough, German measles, or nearly 13,000, being about 5,000 less than the total arrived at by chicken-pox may be made the subject of compulsory notification. the old system of enumeration. UNDIER the protective system so dear to American politicians, POWERS OF INSPECTORS OF NUISANCES. are heavily taxed. It would be SUBSCRIBER writes: I should be much obliged if you would inform me in the spectacles interesting to know next issue of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, what are the powers of a whether other surgical aids to suffering humanity, such as county inspector of nuisances with reference to the following. In a country crutches, splints, trusses, ear trumpets, etc., are dealt with in the village, a small joiner having his workshop abutting on the gardens attached same philanthropic spirit. to two cottages, complains to the inspector that the water-closet of the latter is too near his shop. This officer visits the place and endorses the joiner's PROFESSORE AUGUST HIRSCH, the author of the well-known view, and promptly sends a written order to the landlord of the cottages to treatise on Medical a remove the closet within fifteen days to another spot in the garden which he Geography, translation of which has been -indicates, in default of which he threatens legal proceedings. I have exa- published by the Sydenham Society, has been elected Dean of the mined the place myself, at the landlord's request, and consider the orders of Faculty of Medicine in the University of Berlin for the academic the inspector not only ultra vires, but against all principles of sanitation, for year 1890-91. *amongst other things the new cesspit that would have to be made would necessitate its being placed In very dangerous proximity to the well and to INFLUENZA AMONG LUNATICS AT PALERMO.-Dr. Libono Loja- the cottages referred to; whereas at present the old water-closets are about cono, from his own in the lunatic asylum as far off and in about as good a position in relation to the well and dwelling experience of Palermo, houses as possible. I may add that the medical officer of health has not to confirms the statements of other observers as to the relative im- my knowledge made any personal inspection of the place. munity from influenza enjoyed by insane persons during the epi- *** An inspector of nuisances has power under the Public Health Act to demic in the early part of the year. Of 1,112 patients in the asy- -serve a notice requiring the removal of a closet or privy, if ascertained to be a lum, only 87, or 7.82 per cent., suffered from influenza, men being nuisance. In the case mentioned by Subscriber, the landlord of the cottages attacked more frequently than women, in the proportion of about snight refuse to comply with such a notice. If summoned, he can state his 9 to 5. On the other hand, of 226 attendants and other sane per- 535 Aug. 30, 1890.] TERTHE BRITISRBRITISH MEDICALMBDICAL JOURNAL.JTOUBNAL. 535 sons in the asylum, 140, or 61.97 per cent., suffered. In the luna- Bones and Joints in Infancy, by Professor P. Postempski, of Rome; tics who were attacked the disease was, without exception, of a Talipes Equino-varus in Babies, by Dr. A. D'Ambrosio, of Naples; a very mild type. There was not a single death traceable to influ- Prophylaxis of Blindness in New Born Children, by Dr. M. Scel- enza. Among the attendants there were several grave cases. lingo, of Rome; Bacteriological Researches on the Green Diarrhoea, of Dr. G. Bacchi, of etc. THE new law of the State of New York forbidding the smoking lnfants, by Naples, of cigarettes by youths under 16 years of age comes into force on LEPROSY IN SPAIN.-Some interesting particulars are given by September 1st. The Municipal Council has instructed the police the British Consul at Cadiz, in his last report, a;s to the San Lazaro to enforce the law in the strictest manner. leper hospital, which has been in existence at Seville for over 600 years. The first leper house in Spain was founded at Valencia, IT is stated, on the authority of Sister Rose Gertrude, that Dr. in 1067. The San Lazaro Hospital was founded by Ferdinand the Lutz, who gave much attention to leprosy during a ten years' re- Third, when he took Seville from the Moors in 1248. It is situ- sidence in Brazil, has " effected some wonderful improvements" ated about a mile to the north of the city. A decree was issued in the lepers under his care. The Hawaian Government has in 1478, confirming previous enactments to the same effect: "That received numerous petitions to nominate him President of the all persons without distinction residing within the Archbishopric Board of Health. of Seville and the Bishopric of Cadiz, denounced and declared BY a Ministerial decree, dated June 2nd, 1890, the Russian lepers, must go to the Hospital de San Lazaro, Seville." This Government has ordained that henceforth students of medicine decree was carried out with great rigour. From the reign of and pharmacy in the various universities are to be made familiar Alfonso X, down to the last century, it was the custom for four with the decimal system of measures, as it is proposed in five patients to visit Seville daily on horseback begging, and as they years' time to substitute that for the so-called Nurnberg system were not allowed to speak to ordinary persons, they attracted at present in force throughout the dominions of the Czar. attention by means of boards. In 1854 the hospital was put under the charge of the Diputacion Provincial; the edifice was then FROM a calculation recently made by Dr. Heynacher, it appears little better than a ruin, and contained only 29 patients. In 1864 that there are in Prussia 411 quacks, 55 of whom are women. the building was repaired. The patients, who number on the Silesia has the unenviable distinction of heading the list with 77 average from 30 to 36, are looked after by Sisters of Charity. illegitimate practitioners. Of the 411 quacks, 304 are totally un- From the official reports it appears that the patients are not all educated. As the educated charlatan is the most dangerous, lepers, cases of cancer, "inveterate" syphilis and other diseases Prussia may perhaps be congratulated on this fact. being admitted. THB Second Congress of Polish Surgeons took place at Cracow from July 15th to the 17th, under the presidency of Professor MEDICAL VACANCIES. Rydygier. Many surgeons from Galicia, Posen, and West Prussia took in An exhibition of The following Vacancies are nnounced: part the proceedings. surgical ADMINISTRATIVE COUNTY OF THE PARTS OF HOLLAND, Lincoln- instruments, dressings, etc., was held in connection with the shire.-Public Analyst. Duties to commence on January 1st, 1891. Re. congress. muneration, annual fee of £10 los., together with a fee of 1Os. 6d. for each analysis, and an additional fee of £3 3s. for attendance and travelling ex- WITE the view of checking the adulteration of food, the muni- penses when required. Applications to H. Chandenton Johnson, Deputy cipal authorities of Rome have recently passed an enactment that Clerk of the Council Sessions House, Boston, by October 1st. the names of all makers and vendors of alimentary substances BOLTON INFIRMARY AND DISPENSARY.-Junior House-Surgeon; doubly injurious or dangerous to health or adulterated shall be published qualified. Salary, £100 per annum, increasing to £150, with furnished in the daily papers. Moreover, the officials whose duty it is to apartments, board, and attendance. Must engage for 2 years, and under- take not to practise privately for 5 years. Applications to Mr. Kevan, confiscate the condemned material are to receive a more thorough Honorary Secretary, 12, Acresfield, Bolton, by August 30th. training. BRADFORD CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. - House Surgeon and Dispenser; IN addition to the honours conferred on Dr. Hermann doubly qualified; age not to exceed 30. Salary, £80 per annum, with board, residence, and washing. Applications to C. V. Woodcock, Secre- Widerhofer and Herr Giunther on the occasion of the marriage of tary, Albany Buildings, Market Street, Bradford, by September 6th. the Archduchess Marie Valerie, to which (reference was made last BRIGHTON, HOVE AND PRESTON DISPENSARY.-Honorary Consulting- week, it should be mentioned that the Emperor of Austria at the Surgeon. A Member or Fellow of one of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of same time bestowed the Iron Crown, Third Class, on the Court Great Britain. Applications addressed to the Honorary Secretary, C. Physician, Dr. Kerzl, and the Golden Cross of Merit with the Somers Clarke, must be left at the Dispensary, Queen's Road, before Sep- Crown on Seraphin Scheiring, Master of Surgery, of Ischl. tember 30th. BRIGHTON, HOVE AND PRESTON DISPENSARY.-Two Honorarv Gene- BxQxJusTs.-Miss Louisa Broke, late of Bath, has bequeathed ral Practitioners. Doubly qualified. Applications addressedto the Honorary £2,000 to the Blind School Home (Bath); £25 each to the Royal Secretary, S. Somers Clarke, must be left at the Dispensary, Queen's Road, United the Mineral Water Hospital (Bath), the before September 30th. Hospital (Bath), BRITISH HOSPITAL, Buenos Ayres, South America.-Resident Medical Blind, Deaf, and Dumb Home (Walcot Parade, Bath).-Mr. Arthur Officer; British qualifications in medicine and surgery. Appointment for Leake, of Ashby, near Ross, has bequeathed £1,000 each to the three years. Stipend, £200 for first year, £225 second year, and £250 third hospitals at Hobart, Launceston, and Campbelltown.-Miss Eliza- year, with an annual allowance of £20 for wine, and board, lodging, and beth of washing. Applications to Messrs. Burgoyne, Burbridge, CyAa, and, Mary Mimpriss, 32, Davies Street, Berkeley Square, has Farries, 12 and 16, Coleman Street, London, E.C. (of whom further par-, bequeathed the following sums to medical charities: to the St. ticulars can be obtained), by September 15th. George's Hospital, £1,000; to the Hospital for Consumption (Ful- CHELSEA, BROMPTON AND BELGRAVE DISPENSARY, 41, Sloane ham Road),£500; to the Home for Incurable Children (Maida Vale), Square, S.W.-House-Surgeon and Secretary, doubly qualified. Salarv £100; to the Home for Crippled Girls (Marylebone Road), £100; £95 per annum, with furnished room, and ;20 for coals and light. App i- to the All Saints' Convalescent Hospital (Eastbourne), £IOO; to cations to the Secretary, by September 11th. the Gordon Hospital (Vauxhall Bridge Road), £500; to the Hos- COUNTIES ASYLUM, Carlisle.-Junior Assistant Medical Officer. Salary pital for Paralysed and Epileptic (Queen Square), £200; to the £80 per annum, with board. Applications to Dr. Campbell, the Asylum Free Cancer Garlands, Carlisle. Hospital (Fulham Road), £100. COUNTY COUNCIL OF ROSS AND CROMARTY.-Medical Offleer of Health A PAMDIATNIC CONGREss.-The first Italian for the County. Salary, £300 per annum, with actual travelling outlays, Psediatric Congress and 15s. for each night when engaged from home. Any exemption desired will be held at Rome about the middle of October. The following from the regulations of the statute not to hold other appointment or communications, which have been promised, among many others, engage in private practice should be stated. Applications to W. J. Duncan, will serve to show that the congress means business and that the County Clerk, County Buildings, Dingwall, by August 30th. study of children's diseases is not neglected in Italy:-Intubation COUNTY OF ARGYLL.-Medical Officer of Health for the County. Salary, of the Larynx, by Professor F. Massei, of Naples, and Dr. Egidi, of £350 per annum, with £150 a year for all travelling and personal expenses; must reside in the county and not take private practice; may act as medi- Rome, the former dealing principally with the indications for in- cal officer of health or consulting medical officer of health for any of the tubation and its results as compared with tracheotomy; the latter burghs of the county. Applications to Mr. Dugald MacLachlan, County with the history of the operation, its technique, its dangers, and Clerk, Lochgilphead, by September 15th. Italian statistics bearing on the subject; the Treatment of Diph- COUNTY OF RBNFREWSHIRE.-Medical Officer of Health for the 2 Dis- theria, by Dr. L. Coneetti, of Rome; Infantile Paralysis, by Dr. B. tricts of the County. Salary, 2500 per annum, besides actual outlays in the discharge of duties. Must hold no other appointment, nor engage in pri- Baculo, of Naples; Prophylaxis of Ear Disease in Children, by Dr. vate practice. Applications to J. Caldewell, County Clerk, by September V. Cczzolino, of Nqples; Surgical Treatment of Tub?rculosis of the 8th. THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Aug. 80, 1890.

GENERAL HOSPITAL, Birmingham.-Resident Surgical Officer; medicaland FARQUHARSON, James, M.D., reappointed Medical Officer for the Poorhouse, surgical qualifications. Salary, £130 per annum, with residence, board, and etc., of the Old Monklandi Parochial Board, Coatzridge. washing. Applicat,ions to J. D. M. Coghill, M.D., House-Governor, by FAZAN, Charles Herbert, L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R C.S.Eng., appointed Medical September 1st. Election September 5th. Officer to the Waolhurst District of the Ticehurst Uniion. HORSHAM UNION.-Diatrict Medical Officer and Public Vaccinator for No. GERVIS, H., M.A., M.B., B.C.Cantab., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed Residenit 4 District of the above Union. dalary, £36 15s. per annum, exclusive of Accoucheur to St. Thomas's Hospital. extra fees. Applications to A. C. Coole, Clerk, 9, Carfax, Horsham, by August 30th. GRAVELEY. H., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., appointed Medical Officer to the Mareshield HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTION AND DISEASES OF THE CHEST, District of the Uckfiel(d Uniion. Brompton.-Resldent Medical Officer; double qualifications; unmarried, HUNTERk, Edwin. John, L.11.C.P. and L..M.Edin., L.F.P.S.Glas., reappointed -and not under 30 years of age. Salary. £200 per annum with board and Medical Ofibcer of Health and Public Vaccirnator for Alverstoke. residence. Applications by September 3rd. LANKIESTER, A. C., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.. appointed a Ilotuse-Surgeon to St. LONDON TEMPERANCE HOSPITAL, Hampstead Road, N.W. -Junior Thomas's Hospital. House-Surgeon. Board and residence, and prospect of honorarium at the Low, H., M.A., M.B., B.C.Cantab., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. (extension), anpointed termination of the engagement. Applications to the Secretary by a Clinical Assistant, Special Department for Diseases of the Skin, St. August 31st. Thomas's Hospital. MANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY.-Resident Surgical Officer; double MAPLES, Reginald, M.R.C.S., L.S.&., L.R.C.P.Edin., appointed Medical Officer qualifications; unmarried, and not less than 25 years of age. Appointment of Health for the Kingsclere Union. for twelve months from October 1st. Salary, £150 per annum, with board MILLER, Alexander Cameron, M.D., M.B., C.M., appointed Medica;l Oflicer and and residence. Applications to the Chairman of the Board, Royal In- Public Vacciniator to the Paroclhial Board of the parish of hilmallie, Fort firmary, Manchester, by August 30th. William, vice Duncan Macinltyre, M.D. NORTH WEST LONDON HOSPITAL, Kenitish Town Road -Assistant PEACOCK, Edwin, M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A., reappointed Medical Oflicer of Ihealth Physician. Applications to the Secretary, Alfred Craske, by September 30th to the Nuneaton Urban Sanitary Authority. PENRITH UNION.-Medical Officer for the Workhouse and for the 1st RATTR&Y, Alexander, M.D., appoinlted Medical Officer to the 5th District of the Division of the Penrith District of the above Union. Salary, £35 per annum Lincoln Union, vice M-aitland Thompson, L.1R.C.P. Ediin., M.R.C.S.Eng. with extra fees. Will have to provide all medicines except cod-liver oil, REDFERN, John Joseph, M.A., M.D.Qn.Univ.Irel., M.A.O., M.Cll., appointed quinine and laudanum. Applications to W. B. Arnison, Clerk, by Sep- Medical Officer to the Croydoni ias Company, vice T. A. Riellcardson, tember Ist. M.R.C.S., resigned. RAMSGATE AND ST. LAWRENCE ROYAL DISPENSARY AND SEA- ROBERTSON, Donald William, L.R.C.P. and L.M.Edin., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed MEN'S INFIRMARY.-Resident Medical Officer; double quialifications, Medical Officer of Health to the Pickering Rural registered, and unmarried. Salary, £120 per annum, with furnished apart- Sanitary Authlority. ments, gas, firing, and attendance. Applications to the Secretary, S. W. RODEN, Percy, M.B.Aberd. and C.M., appointed Medical Officer for the Hanbury Warman, by September 1st. District of the Droitwich Union. RIPON DISPENSARY AND COTTAGE HOSPITAL. -Resident House- SHEARER, D. F., B.A., B.M., B.Ch.Oxon., appointed a Clinical Assistant in Surgeon and Dispenser; single. Salary, £60 per annum, with board and Special Department for Diseases of the Throat, St. Thomas's Hospital. lodging. Duties to commence on October 1st. Applications to F. D. Wise, SMITH, John Bissett, M.A., M.B., C.M., appointed Surgeon to the District In- Honorary Secretary. firmary, Ashton-under.Lyne. ROYAL ALBERT EDWARD INFIRMARY, Wigan.-Juilior House-Surgeon. STABB, A. F., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed a House-Surgeon to St. Thomas's Salary, £80 per annum, with apartmenits and rations, exclusive of wines, Hospital. etc., and washinig. Applications to Will Taverner, Secretary, by 10 o'clock STABB, W. Wilking, B.A., M.B., B.C.Cantab., appointed a Resident House- on September 2nd. Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital. ROYAL ISLE OF WIGHT INFIRMARY, Ryde.-House-Surgeon and Secre- STOKES, W. G. G., B.A., M.B., B.C.Cantab., L.R.C.P, M.R.C.S., appointed tary. Salary. £60 per annum, with board, lodging, etc. Applications not an AEsistant House-Surgton to St. Thomas's Hospital. later than September 1st, to be addressed to the Secretary. SURMAN, Robert John, L.D.S., R.C.S.Irel., appointed Honorary Dental Surgeon SALFORlD ROYAL HOSPITAL.-House-Surgeon, doubly qualified. Salary, to the Worcester Iilfirmary. £100 per annum, with board and residence. If Junior House Surgeon ap- TOLLER, S. G., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed an Assistant House-Surgeon pointed. that office will be vacant. Applications to the Institution by Sep- to tember 17th. St. Thomas's Hospital. TUDHOPE, Adam Prentice, M.B., C.MI., reappointed Medical Officer for the Sick ST. PETER'S HOSPITAL FOR STONE, etc., Henrietta Street,CoventGarden. Poor for the Eastern District of the Old Monkland Parochial Board, Coat- -House-Surgeon, from October 1st. Honorarium, 25 guineas, board, lodg- bridge. and Must be held similar ing, washing. M.R.C.S., and post. Applications WARE, H. E., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed a House-Surgeon to St. Thomas's to Walter E. Scott, Secretary, by September 20th. Hospital. SUFFOLK GENERAL HOSPITAL, Bury St. Edmunds.-House-Surgeon. Salary, £80 per annum, with board, lodging, and washing. Applications to WAYLEN, George S. A., L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A., appointed Medi- H. cal Officer for the 3rd District and Workhouse of the Devizes Union, vice Bonner, Secretary, by September 8th. George Waylen, deceased. TAUNTON AND SOMERSET HOSPITAL.-House-Surgeon. Salary, £100 per annum, with board, lodging, and washing in the hospital. Engage- WEBBER Edward Samuel, M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A., appointed Medical Officer and ment for three years. Applications to J. H. Biddulph Pinchard, Secretary, Public Vaccinator to the No. 6 (Sutton Valence) District of the Holling- Hammet Street, Taunton, by September 13th. bourn Union, Kent, vice Dr. Herbert A. H. McDougall. THODNTON LOCAL BOARD.-Medical Officer of Health. Salary, £27 per WICKHAM, G. H., B.A., M.B., B.C.Cantab, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed Non- annum. Applications to Raywood M. Stansfeld, Solicitor, 1, Harrison resident House-Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital. Road, Halifax, by September 8th. WILKINSON, Percy John, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. and L.M.Edin., appointed District WESTERN GENERAL DISPENSARY, Marylebone Road, N.W. - Junior Medica Officer for the Parish of Norton, of the Leek Union. House-Surgeon. Salary £50 per annum, with board and residence. Appli- WILLIS, William R., M.B., C.M., appointed Medical Officer for the Western cations to the Honorary Secretary, at the Dispensary, by September 3rd. District of the Old Monkland Parochial Board, Coatbridge. WORCESTER COUNTY AND CITY LUNATIC ASYLUM.-Third Assistant WILSON, James, M.D.Aberd., L.R.C.S.Edin., reappointed Parochial Medical Medical Officer; unmarried. Salary, £100 per annum, with board, lodging, Officer for Meldrum. and washing. Applications to Dr. Cooke, tlhe Asylum, Powick, near Wor- YOUNG, Edward Herbert, M.D.. L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., appointed Medical cester, by September 17th. Officer of Health to the Okehampton Rural Sanitary Authority, vice Walter Stannes Snell. MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS. ADKINS, A. J., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. (extension), appointed a Clinical Assistant, BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. Special Department for Diseases of the Skin, St. Thomas's Hospital. The chargefor inserting announcements of Births, Marriages, and Deaths is Ss. 6d., BOOTH, J. Mackenizie, M.A., M.D., C.M., appointed Interim Assistant-Surgeon which sum should be forwarded in Post Office Order or Stamps with the notice not to the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. later than Wednesday Morning, in order to insure insertion in current issue. BRISTOW, G. H., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed a Clinical Assistant in the Special Department for Diseases of the Bar, St. Thomas's Hospital. KARRIAGES. CARTER, W. R., B.A.Cantab., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed Senior Obstetric MEARS-FIELDE:RS.-On the 21st inst., at St. Mary's Church, Atherstone, by the Clerk to St. Thomas's Hospital. Rev. W. Northcott, vicar, Robert Mears, M.Rt.C.S., L.1.C.P.E., of Ather- CLOTHIER, Henry, M.D., L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A., reappointed stone, to Alice, eldest daughter of J. K. Fielders, Atherstone. Medical Officer of Health for Hornsey. RAIMES-WRIGHT.-On the 13th inst., at S". Paul's Church, Holaate, by the COLEMAN, Matthew Owen, M.D.Aberd., M.R.C.S.Eng., reappointed Medical lev. T. J. Clarke, Alwyn Raimes, MH.B., C.M.. York, to Elizabeth Kirk Officer of Health for the Surbiton Urban Sanitary District. (Lillie), eldest daughter of Mr. Alderman S. Wright, Fairmoislt, York. CooPER, H. J., M.A., MB. ,B.C.Cantab,L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.. appointedAssistant DEATE S. House-Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital. BANKS.-On August 21st, aged 14, Frederick Mlitchell, eldest s(in of William COSGRAVE, Dr. C. A., appointed Medical Officer to the Kilcock Dispensary of M tchell Banks, F.R.C.S., Liverpool. the Celbridge Union, vice Dr. R. S. Hughes. GARNER.-On August 16th, at The Quarrry, Stoke-on-Trent, in his 83rd year, DEWHURST, J. H., M.A., M.B., B.C.Cantab, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed a Robert Garner, F.R.C.S., F.L.S., consulting surgeon to the North Stafford- House-Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital. shire Infirmary. DusEs, T. A., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed a resident House-Physician to St. HARDIE.-At Wrenwood, Higher Broughton, Manchester, on the 26th inst. Thomas's Hospital. James, son of James Hardie, F.R.C.S., aged 26 years. EDWARDS, J. Hammerton, M.A., M.D.Cantab, M.R.C.S.Eng., L.R.C.P.Lond., WEBB.-August 27th, at Wirksworth, Derbyshire, VWilliam Webb, - M.D. appointed Medical Officer of the Camberwell Provident Dispensary. F.R.C.S.E., J.P. No cards and no flowers, by special request. Aug. 30, 1890.] THE BRITSB MEDICAL JOURNAL. .537 SOURS OF ATfENDANCE AND OPERATION DAYS AT THE LONDON HOSPITALS. LETTERS, NOTES, AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Hours 2. IVANcER, Brompton (Free). of Attendance.-Daily, Operation .Day.- COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE CURRENT WEEK'S JOURNAL SHOULD BEACH THE Tu. S., 2. OFFICE NOT LATER THAN MIDDAY POST ON WEDNESDAY. TELEeRAMS CAN CENTRAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC. Operation Days.-Daily, 2. RBE RECEIVED ON THURSDAY MORNING. CHARING CROSS. Hours of Attendance-Medical and Surgical, daily, 1.30; ob- COMMUNICATIONS respecting editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, stetric, Toi. F., 1.30; Skin, M. 1.30; Dental, Al. W. F., 9. Throat 429, Strand, W.C., London; those concerning business matters, non-delivery and Ear, F., 9.30. Operationt Days.-M., 3; Th. 2. of the JOURNAL, etc., should be addressed to the Manager, at the Office, 429, London. HOSPITAL FOR Hours Strand, W.C., CHELSEA WOMEN. of Attendance.-Daily, 1.30. Opera- IN order to avoid delay, it is particularly requested that all letters on the tion Days.-M. Th., 2.30. editorial business of the JouRNAL be addressed to the Bditor at the ofice of EAST LONDON HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN. Operation Day.-F., 2. the JouRNAL, and not to his private house. GREAT NORTHERN CENTRAL. Hours of Attendance.-Medical and Surgical, M. AuTHORs desiring reprints of their articles published in the BRmIS MEDICAL Tu. Wed. Th. F., 2.30; Obstetric, W., 2.30; Eye, Tu. Th., 2.30; JouRNAL are requested to communicate beforehand with the Manager, 4, Ear, M. F., 2.30; Diseases of the Skin, W., 2.30; Diseases of the Strand, W.C. Throat, Th., 2.30; Dental Cases, W., 2. Operation Day.-W., 2. OoRREspoNDENTs who wish notice to be taken of their communications should authenticate them with their names-of course not for luy's. Hours of Attendance.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 1.30; Obstetric, M. necessarily publication. Tu. F.. 1.30; Eye, M. Tu. Th. F., 1.30; Ear, Tu., 1; Skin, Tu., 1; CORRESPONDiETS not answered are requested to look to the Notices to Corre- Dental, daily, 9; Throat, F., 1. Operationt Days.-(Ophthalmic), spondents of the following week. M. Th., 1.30; To. F., 1.30. MANUSCRIPTS FORWARDED TO THEC OFFIC OF THI JOURNAL CANNOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES BE RETURNED. HOSPITAL FOR WO-MEN, Chelsea, Hours oX Attendance.-Daily, 10. Operation Days.-M. Th., 2. PUBLIC HE ALTH DEPARTMENT.-We shall be much obliged to Medical Offiloers of Health if they will, on forwarding their Annual and other Reports, favour lING'S COLLEGE. Hours of Attendance.-Iedical, daily, 2; Surgical, daily, 1.30; us with Duplicate Copies. Obstetric, daily, 1.30; o.p., To. W. F. S., 1.30; Eye, M. Th., 1.30; Ophthalmic Department, W., 2; Ear, Th., 2; Skin, F., 1.30; Throat, ' Queries, answers, antd commwuications relating to subjects, to which special F., 1.30; Dental, Tu. Th., 9.30. Operation Days.-Tu. F. S., 2. departments of the JOURNAL are devoted, will be found under their respective LONDCN. hours of Attendance.-Medical, daily, exc. S., 2; 4'urnal, daily, 1.30, headings. a'sd2; Obstetric, M. Tk., 1.30; o.p. W. S., 1.30; bye, Tu. S., 9; Ear, QUERIES, S.. 9.30; Skini, Tlb., 9; Dental, Tu., 9. Operation Days.-M. Tu. W. Tb. S., 2. TRICYCLES FOR PRACTITIONERS. METROPOLITAN. Hours of Attendance.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 9; Ob- ECONOMY writes: I shall be glad if your readers wlho are in the habit of using stetric, W., 2. Operation Day.-F., 9. the tricycle for daily visiting could give some particulars in the BRITISE MIDDLESEX. Hours of Attendance. -Medical and Surgical, daily, 1.30; Obstetric, MEDICAL JOURNAL as to the best type of machiine, etc. No doubt many M. Th., 1.30; o.p., M. FP, 9, W. 1.30; Eye, Tu. F.,9; Ear and Throat, readers would be pleased to hear of some meanis to assist in reducing expense Tu., 9; Skin, Tu., 4, Th. 9.30; Denltal, M. W. F., 9.30. Operation of horseflesh. Days.-W., 1, S., 2; (Obstetrical), W. 2. KNAPP'S " ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY." MI. 0. S. writes: Will any of your readers join me in taking in Knapp's Archives NATIONAL ORTHOPHDIC. Hours of Attendance.-M. Tu. Th. F., 2. Operation of Ophthalmology? I should like the Archives forwarded to me ten days after Day.-W., 10. publication. NORTH-WEST LONDON. Hours of Attendznce.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 2; HISTORY OF NURSING. Obstetric, W., 2; Eye, W., 9; Skin, Tu., 2; Dental, F. 9. Operation LECTURER will be glad of a list of works bearing on the history of nursing, and Day.-Th., 2.30. names of books suitable for reference in preparation of lectures for nurses. ROYAL FREE. Hours of Attendance.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 2; Diseases FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE HEART. of Women, To. S.. 9; Eye, M. F., 9; Derntal, Th. 9. Operation A. B. S. P. writes: After reading Sir D. Duckworth's interesting paper and the Days.-W. S., 2; (Ophthalmic), M. F., 10.30; (Diseases of Women), discussion on Functional Disorders of the Heart, I would consider it a great B., 9. boon to many-being general practitioners-if some of the gentlemen had given hiOyAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC. Hours of Attendance.-Daily, 9. Operation a synopsis of the best dietary for such cases-breakfast, dinner, and supper. Days.-Daily, 10. Perhaps some of them would kindly do so in a future issue. ROYAL ORTHOP.EDIC. Hours of Attendance.-Daily, 1. Operation Day.-M. 2. "WHAT TO Do WITH OUR BOYS." ROYAL WESTMINSTER OPHTHALMIC. Hours ofAttendance.-Daily, 1. Operation ANXIOUS PARENT writes: About nine months ago I bought a practice, which, Days.-Daily. to say the least, has not turned out altogether an unqualified financial suc- ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S. Hours of Attendance.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 1.30; cess; When I meiition (with a blush) that one of the names given to me be- Obstetric, Tu. Tb. S.,2; o.p., W. S., 9; Eye, W. Th. S., 2.30; Ear, longed to a patient who died four years ago, and that several others had been Tu. F., 2; Skin, F., 1.30; Larynx, F., 2.30; Orthopnedic, M., 2.30; previously, as I subsequently ascertained, handed over to a neighbouring Dental, Tu. F., 9. Operatzon iDays.-M. Tu. W. S., 1.30; (Ophthal- practitioner, it will be readily understood that it was not the practice alone mic), Tu. Th., 2. that was sold. I can no loniger afford to pay £60 or more for the education of each, the eldest three being respectively 14, 12, and 10 years of age. Would 3T. GEORGE'S. Hours of Attendance.-Medical and Suirgical, M. Tu. F. S., 12; it be advisable to get a private tutor for them? If so, what would be the Obstetric, Th. 2; o.p., Eye, W. S. 2; Ear, Tu., 2; Skin, W., 2; salary of one approximately? What training ships are there for gentlemen's Throat, Th., 2; OrthopMdic,W., 2; Dental, Tu., S., 9. Operation sores (the Conway, etc.) ? and what are the fees and means of getting a boy Days.-Th., 1; (Ophthalmic), F., 1.15. into one ? ST. MARK'S. Hours of Attendance.-Fistula and Diseases of Rectum, males, W., 8.45; females, Th., 8.45. Operation Days.-M., 2, TU. 2.30. ST. MARY'S. Houzrs of Attendance.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 1.45, o:p., ANSWERS. 1.30; Obstetric, Tu. F., 1.45; Eye, Tu. F. S., 9; Ear. M. Th., 3; Orthopedic, W., 10; Throat, Tu. F., 1.30; Skin, M. Th.,. ' - ANOTHER M.R.C.S., L.S.A., has omitted to enclose his card. tiserapeutics, Tu. F., 2; Dental, W. S., 9.30; Consultatic!! f229. Operation Days.-Tu., 1.30; (Orthopaedic), W., 11; (Ophthalmic), TRANSACTIONS OF THE BERLIN CONGRESS. F., 9. MR. ASHBY G. OSBORN should communicate with Mr. G. H. Makins, 2, Queen ST. PETER'S. Hours ofAttendance.-M., 2 and 5, Tu., 2, W., 2.30 and 5, Th., 2, Street, Mayfair, W., who will, ilo doubt, be able to furnish the information F. (Women and Children), 2 ;.. 3.30. Operation Day.-W. 2. which he requires. ST. THOMAS'S. Hours of Attendance.-7sedical and Surgical, daily, except Sat., THE NATIONAL MEDICAL AID COMPANY, LIMITED. 2; Obstetric, Tu. F., 2; o.p., W., 1.30; Eye, M. Tu. W. Th., F, 1.30; DR. ANDREW FULLER.-NO article advocating " the support and extension by o.p., daily, except Sat., 1.30Q BIar, M., 1.30; Skin, F., 1.30; Throat, medical men" of this Company has appeared in the BRITISH MEDICAL Tu. F., 1.30; Children, P) Y.30; Dental, Tu. F., 10. Operation JOURNAL. We know nothing of it beyond what is contained in the copy of Days.-W. S., 1.30; (Ophthalmic), Tu., 4, F., 2. the " Rules " forwarded by our correspondent. The fees certainly appear to SAMARITAN FREE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. Hou-s of Attendance.-Daily, be very low. 1.30. Operation Day.-W., 2.30. MEDICAL ASSISTANTSHIPS IN AMERICA. THROAT, Go len Square. Hours of Attasdance.-IT)aily, 1.30; TU. and F., 6.30. MR. T. X. JONES (Bron-y-gmaig, Festiniog) writes: Practically there are no Operation Day.-Th., 2. assistantships in the States. The best thing your correspondent could do ma:IVERSITY COLLEGE. Hours of Attendance.-Medieal and Surgical, daily, 1.30; would be to graduate in the State where he intends to locate. Every State Obstetrics, M. W. F., 1.30; Eye, M. Th., 2; Ear, M. Th., 9; Skin, has its own law respecting the practice of medicine within its borders. I W., 1.45, S., 9.15; Throat, M. Tl., 9; Dental, W., 9.30. Operation should be glad to give 0. B. B. any further information if he sends me a Dcys.-W. Th., 1.30; S. 2. stamped envelope. WEST LONDON. Hours of Attendance.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 2;, Dental, CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA. TU., F., 9.30; Eye, Tu. Th. S., 2; Ear-Tu., 10; Orthopaedic, W., 2; E. B. is informed that he can 'get what he wanits by communicating with Diseases of Women, W. S., 2; Electric, Tu., 10, F., 4; Skin, F., 9; Dr. T. W. Hime, 54, Horton Road, Bradford, Yorks. TLroat and Nose, S., 10. Operation Days.-Tu. F., 2.30.t WESTMINSTER. Hours of Attendance.---Medicl land Surgilal,daily, 1; Oi_- _APPARATUS FOR DISPLACED SEMILUNAR CARTILAGE. st;tvric, Tu. F., 1; Eye, M. Tb., f.30; Ear, M., 9; Ski9'n,W F.R.C.S. writes: The best apparatus for retaining the cartilage in position con- Dental, 'Y. S., 9.15. Operation Daw.-Tu. W., 2. sists of a clamp so constructed as to accurately fit the contour of the joiut. 540 THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Aug. 30,1890.

RURAL Nunsxs. J. Stolles, Sheffield; Dr. Rentoul, Liverpool; A Member of the B. M. A.; KaRS. MALLEsoN (Winchcombe, Cheltenham), Honorary Secretary Rural Dr. Stockman, Edinburgh; Dr. Tucker Wise, Maloja, Switzerland; Dr. W. J. Nursing Association, writes: Will you kindly allow me to touch upon one or Rush County, two points which do not seem to be sufficiently clear in a paragraph on Tivy, Bristol; Mr. W. Carline, Aberdeen; Mr. Charles Fahie, "Rural Nurses " that appeared in your valuable paper of July 26th? Dublin; J. Walker Downie, M.B., Glasgow; Surgeon H. Cocks, Dover; Mr. Your correspondent speaks of nursing in rural districts as though it were an T. X. Jones, Festiniog; Mr. G. Sherman Bigg (2), London; F. E. Hare, accomplished fact, while the truth Is that it has been established in compara- M.B. (2), Aberdeen; Mr. W. K. Curtis, Canterbury; Dr. Andrew Fuller, tively few places " as a matter of private enterprise " by some wealthy lady Mr. W. or energetic clergyman. The need that exists of trained sick-nursing, and Weedon; Mr. Newton H. Nixon, London; A Disgusted M.R.C.S.; above al1 of trained midwifery, in localities remote from medical aid, is so H. Haley, Wakefield; Mr. Juan Christenson, Paris; Our Bgyptian Corres- extended and so urgent, that the " Rural Nursing Association " has been pondent, Cairo; Mr. R. D. Patterson, Caledon, Co. Tyrone; Mr. W. Johnson formed to promote the supply of both. In many parts of the country now Smith, London; Dr. Abercrombie, London; Mr. Mayo Robson, Leeds; Dr. attention is roused to this subject, and the means of maintaining a nurse are being discussed. Sidney Martin, London; Mr. H. H. Taylor, London; Messrs. Blondeau et Local committees formed by the clergy and ladies, " assisted more or less Cie, London; Mr. J. Lawrence-Hamilton, Brighton; W. K. Sibley, M.B., by the local doctors," will probably remain the most efficient means of London; Mr. Joseph Salfar, Vienna; Dr. John S. Hartnett, London; Quid embodying this local energy in most neighbourhoods, and by all means let pro Quo; Mr. Robert Jones, London; Dr. F. Edge, Manchester; Mr. Lawson such committees ' initiate a principle of self-help among the people, so as to lessen the expense of maintaining the nurse." This I know is done in some Talt, Birmingham; Mr. D. Gordon Stewart, Dundee; J. C. Simpson, M.B., instances by enforcing a scale of payment for all services given by the nurse. London; Mr. A. C. Vergo, Oxford; Messrs. Henry and Scott, Edinburgh; I think, as an alternative, it may often be better to appeal to the pleasure of Dr. Cooke, Powick, Worcester; Dr. Partridge, Stroud; Another M.R.C.S., association for a common object, and thereby to get small subscriptions tothe Our Paris Correspondent; Mr. B. M. Keely, Nottingham; Mr. G. nursing fund from the Inhabitants of the villages and cottages included in the L.S.A.; rural districts. These contributions will do something toward the cost of a C. L. Todd, London; Mr. A. Crosbee Dixey, Falmouth; R. Bryans, M.B., nurse, and so will the fees for midwifery services, and both will increase as London; Mr. Ernest E. Preston, Norwich; George Ferdinands, M.B., Aber- the district gets educated to appreciate skilled nursing and the advantzge of deen; Mr. Reginald Maples, Kingsclere; Mr. Brodhurst, London; Mr. G. A. associated action. Dr. Paget, Manchester; Mr. S. P. Bennett, North- It Is almost certain that to lessen " the risk of failure " in Important mat- E. Roberts, Twyford; ters, " an ideal of efficiency " must be maintained, both In the organisation of ampton; Dr. Louis Parkes, London; The Military Secretary India Office, the districts and the character and training of the nurses employed in them. London; Messrs. Street and Co., London; Surgeon R. H. Firth, Dover; Dr. Country districts need, as a rule, women combining the training of midwives J. L. Livingston, Hursley, Winchester; Mr. J. Hammerton Edwards, Lon- with that of general hospital practice. But their personal qualifications are N. Kelynack, M.B., Mancbester; Dr. T. W. Hime, Bradford; Mr. of nearly equal importance to their professional skill, and they should possess, don; T. rather more than their sisters in towns, the power of entering into and under- J. Ryland Whitaker, Edinburgh; Dr. Norman Kerr, London; Mr. H. standing the conditions of the life around them, of giving sympathy and Samond, Glasgow; Dr. Campbell, Carlisle; Mr. Ashby G. Osborn, Dover; instruction in hygienic matters, of maintaining a high standard of refine- Dr. A. S. Percival, Newcastle-on-Tyne; Surgeon C. B. Hill, Portsmouth; ment, reserve, and obedience to duty. The cost of maintaining these trained Mr. R. Newman, Margate; Mr. W. Mitchell women will vary between the salary of £50 or £52 to £100 mentioned by your Mr. C. V. Woodcock, Bradford; correspondent, according to the social position of the nurses employed. Banks, Liverpool; Mrs. Philipps, Newport, Lincoln; R. S. J.; Sclo; Mr. L. Where money can be easily raised, it will be well expended in obtaining the A. W. Sykes, Leicester; Anlxious Parent; Mr. F. E. Henbeck, Southsea; woman of the highest attsinable culture and refinement. Dr. M. D. Makuna, Treherbert; Dr. Balding, Royston; Mr. Bruce Clarke, The work of the Rural Nursing Association Is likely to be largely encouraged A. Saxon Lon- and extended when its affiliation to the " Queen Victoria Jubilee Institute" London; Lieut.-Col. Dean Ardwick, Manchester; Mr. Snell, for nursing the sick poor in their own homes is actually accomplished. don; Mr. C. H. Phillips, Hanley; Dr. Silk, London; Dr. Demetriadi, Huddersfield: Mr. B. Wilfred Thoms, Welwyn; Messrs. Dulau and Co., EXECUTION BY ELECTRICITY. London; Mr. Francis W. Underhill, Moseley; etc. DR. P. Z. HEBERT (Berners Street) writes: Will you allow me to point out, through the columns of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. the causes of failure or unsatisfactory result in the late execution bV electricity? It appears that one electrode was placed over the head, the other In the small of the back, BOOK8, lTC., RECEIVED. and that wet sponges were used; that the current was turned on for a certain length of time. etc. In the first place, the use of sponges could only diminish the action of the Zur Lehre von den contagiosen Infectionskrankxheiten. Von Dr. Ernst Reger. current by distributing it evenly over a larger area and Increase the pain by Berlin: Fisher's Medicinische Buchhandlung. H. Kornfeld. 1890. delaying the action of the current. Secondly, the electrodes were placed too far apart, thus offering too much resistance to the passage of the current. Atlas der Bakterienkunde. Von Dr. Carl Fraenkel and Dr. Richard Pfeiffer. Thirdly, the current was turned on too long, thus giving a galvanic or elec- Achte Lieferung. Berlin. 1890. Verlag von August Hirschwald. trolytic effect, instead of a shock. Handbook to the Health Resorts of Switzerland. By H. Loetscher, M.D. 4th In conclusion, the electrodes should have heen small, of a rounded form, Edition. Zurich: J. A. Preuss. 1890. and covered only with thin chamois leather, if at all: they should have been applied, one on each temple, or at the exit of the fifth nerve, and made to Influenza, an Historical Survey. By E. Symes Thompson, M.D., F.R.C.P. press on those parts by a spring contrivance In the cap. The current should London: Percival and Co., King Street, Covent Garden. 1890. have been turned on and off in rapid succession, either mechanically or by an Report of the irst Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advance- arrangement devised for the purpose. In this way the shocks would have ment of Science, held at Sydney, N.S.W. 1888. Royal Society's House, caused instant death, whereas In the case of Kemmler, the criminal was killed galvanism, not by electric Sydney. by shock. Traite de Gyn6cologie Clinique et Op4ratoire. Par S. Pozzi. Paris: G. Masson. 1890. Recherches sur L'Epilepsie. l'Hysterie et l'Idiotie. Par Bourneville, Sollier, COMMUNICATIONS, LETTERS, etS., have been recdved from t and A. Pilliet. Vol. x. Parts. 1890. Clement C. Caleb, M.B.. Lahore; Dr. Seaton (2), London; Dr. A. H. Grif- fith (3), Manchester; Dr. Willoughby (4), London; Mr. M. Craven, Kendal; Mr. J. Caldwell, Paisley; Dr. Michaelis, Berlin; Deputy Surgeon-General SCALIE OF CHARGES FOR ADVE3RTISEIMENTS IN THE Hinde, Poona; Dr. Vincent J. Magrane, Darlaston; Mr. James Merry. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL" weather, Guisborough; W. Gordon, M.B,, Exeter; Mr. Alfred P. Evans, Seven lines and under ...... 0 . B 3 6 Erdington; Dr. A. C. Short, Perth, W. Australia; Mr. Morton Smale (2), Bach additional line ...... ,.. 0 0 4 London; Dr. H. T. 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