9210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5 ' merchant marine and our war vessels we must necessarily in HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. crease the quantity of coal. So the country is increasing its demand, and the output of coal, I may say, is increasing to meet l\ioND.iY, August 5, 1918. those demands. It is true that there is an appeal being made to the country The House met at 12 o'clock noon. to conserve the use of coal. Thousands and thousands of tons The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offereu the fol are wasted in the 250,000 boilers of the country because of the lowing prayer : unskilled way in which it is fed into the furnaces and because We lift up our hearts unto Thee, 0 God, our H eavenly Father, of the poorly constructed furnaces themselves. Other thousands source of all our strength, courage, wisdom, and purity. Im of tons ure wasted in the way that the coal is consumed in the part unto us, we beseech Thee, of these gifts sufficient unto our homes or in the heating appliances of the country. So it is daily needs, that with all diligence and perseverance we may necessary to conserTe tile use of coal wherever it can be done, do whatsoever our hand findeth to do, with unswerving fi uelity and tile Fuel Administration is appealing to the country to to truth and justice. · conserve the use of coal so that there may be beyond peradven We bless Thee for the victory of our arms in the great battle ture an ample supply for the industries which are making an upon which the eyes of the world are centered. May it be fol output for the conduct of the war. As I luive already said with lowed up with greater victories, that the enemies of civilization reference to anthracite, whenever you save any coal in the home may·be driven back from the lands they have sought to destroy, or any coal in. the furnace you save the labor and the trans that final victory may come and peace be restored to a sorrowing portation for other necessary purposes. world; and all glory and honor be Thine, in the Name of the Of course, as we all know from statements in the ·papers of Prince of Peace. Amen. the country, coal is being conserved by taking it away from The Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, August 1, 1918, what may be designated nonessential industries. The quantity was read and approved. of coal allotted to breweries has been decreased materially. SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE ON THURSDAY NEXT. The quantity of coal for other purposes of a similar nature, or The SPEAKER. The Chair designates the gentleman from even of a less essential character in the opinion of some, has North Carolina [Mr. KITCHIN] to act as Speaker pro tempore extended throughout the country, and every effort is being made on Thursday next. to conserve the use of bituminous coal. But assuming the ADJOURNMENT UNTIL THURSDAY NEXT. necessities for bituminous coal during this coal year to be 635,000,000 tons, I want to give some ray of hope to the con Mr. KITCHIN. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now: sumers of the country that they may reasonably expect to have adjourn until '.rhursday. a reasonable supply for use in a reasonable way. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 4 In April, 1918, the bituminous coal mines produced about minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until Thursday, August ~. 43,023,000 tons as against 42,300,000 tons in April of last year. 1918, at 12 o'clock noon. In May the production was 46,890,000 as against 47,551,000 in May, 1917. In June, 1918, the production was 60,117,000 as PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. against 47,753,000 in June, 1917. The total production for the first Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials 13 weeks of the coal year ended June 29, 1918, was 150,030,000. were introduced and severally referred as follows: The same period in 1917 produced only 137,307,000. In June, By Mr. DENT: A bill (H. R. 12731) amending the act enti 1918, bituminous coal production first reached the hlgh weekly tled "An act to authorize the President to increase temporarily average of 12,500,000. But this record was promptly upset in the Military Establishment of the United States," approved the week of July 13, when the bituminous coal mines turned May 18, 1917; to the Committee ou Military Affairs • out 13.243,000 net tons. Tllis weekly production was approximately 1,031,000 net tons, or 8 per cent, abo\e the average weekly requirements of PETITIONS, ETC. 12,211,500, which the Fuel Administration has estimated as nec Under clau e 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid essary to satisfy this year's war demand. However, the average on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : weekly production for the coal year to July 13 is estimated By Mr. KELLEY of Michigan: Petition of R. E. Willson and at 11,568,000 net tons, or 5.3 per cent behind the weekly re 38 other residents of Oakland County, Mich., indorsing House quirements. In order to make up the deficit it will be nece sary bill 10266, a bill to provide for the substitution of the oath re to have approximately 10 more weeks of production equivalent quired of enlisted men for the oath required of officers in order· to that of July 13, or a production of 12,472,000 net tons during to relieve those who object on conscientious grounds to the oath each of the 37 remaining weeks in the coal year ending :Uarch prescribed by law for officers ; to the Committee on Military, 31, 1919. At the end of the week ended. July 20 production for Affairs. the year was 8,912,500 tons behind the requirements. By ~lr. RANDALL: Petition of citizens of ·Long Beach, Cal., These figures, it seems to me, demonstrate that the produc asking repeal of magazine zone postal rates as enacted in the tion of coal is practically reaching the point where it can be revenue law of 1917; to the Committee on Ways and Means. ~ said that the actual requirements of the country are being met. The question of domestic supply, in my opinion, is cared for, and the only difficulty which can possibly arise may come from the fact that some of the nonessential industries of the country SENATE. will not be permitted to get an the coal which they would like TnunsDAY, August 8, 1918. t o ha'"'e. The domestic consumption of the country, it seems to me, is well in hand, and it also appears that the manufacturing The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered the interests of the country which are necessary at this time are following prayer : likewise well in hand. Almighty God, Thou hast placed in large measure the responsi Judging from some remarks which have been made on the bility for the happiness and freedom and peace of the world in' floor of the Senate it seems that the method of mining the coal our hands. The course of civilization for many generations may. nml transporting it is not universally understood. It is almost depenu upon the fidelity with which we perform the tremendous t he invariable cu tom in the business of coal mining to load task that now challenges us in the world field, and we turn to 1he coal directly from the mine upon the railroad car. Places Thee at the beginning of this day for inspiration and knowledge for the storage of mined coal are not provided, and, except in and grace, that we may justify our place of leadership in the r are in tances, can not be pro'"'ided. It thus becomes evident sight of God and of men, and may perform our task under the that the output of coal depends upon the transportation pro guidance and the blessing of God. To this end we pray Thee vided, transportation being the measure of the output from the to guide us this day in the discharge of every duty, and may it mine. All that I have previously said as to the increased output all be done for Thy glory. ·For Christ's sake. Amen. of coal indicates in a relative degree the increased transporta NAMING A PRESIDING OFFICER. tion provided by the railroads of the country. This remarkable The Assistant Secretary (Henry M. Rose) read the following showing as to increased delivery of coal by the railroads indi communication: cates that the railroad situation with reference to coal is like UNITED STATES S ENATE, wi e well in hand. PRESIDENT PRO T F. l!II'ORE, August 8, 1918. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The morning business is closed To the Senate: and the Senate stands adjourned until 12 o'clock on Thursday Being temporarily a bsent !rom the Senate, I appoint Ron. J'OHN B. next. BANKHEAD, a Senator from the St ate of Alabama, to perform the duties of the Chair during my absence. Thereupon the Senate (at 1 o'clock and 30 minutes p. m.) WILLARD SAULSBURY, adjourned until Thursday, August 8, 1918, at 12 o'clock meridian~ President pro tempore. 1918. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. 9211
Mr. BANKHEAD thereupon took the chair as Presiding Officer. Mr. THOMAS. No; it did not convey that impression to me. The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of the proceed 1\Iy reason for interrupting the Senator was that I thought pos ings of Monday last, when, on request of Mr. SMOOT and by sibly those reading the Senator's remarks would confuse the unanimous consent; the further reading was dispensed with and regular organization, which bas represented the cause of woman the Journal was approyed. suffrage and represented it ably and sanely and well for a great many years, With this so-called National Woman's Party, the PETITI O~ S A?\""D MEMORIALS. principal object of whose officials in my judgment is to seek jlr. POThTDEXTER. 1\Ir. President, I present a memorial of the notoriety given to their actions by the press and sometimes by citizens of the town of Chehalis, Wash., asking that some ade ourselves in outlining and discussing it. quate means be de\"ised by the Federal Government for dealing 1\Ir. McKELLAR. I thank the distinguished Senator for call with those citizens who refuse to assist and so in a passive way iny my attention to the difference, in which opinion and state oppose the conduct of the war as to subscriptions for liberty ment I agree I1earti1y. I think we all understand that the organi bonds and other necessary war measures. It is a very excel zations are entirely separate- and that a very great difference lent memorial, and I ask that it be filed and preserved in the exists between the purposes of the two organizations. archives of the Senate. Mr. President, I wish to ask unanimous consent to publish in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so the RECoRD the correspondence between the President and Sen ordered. ator SHIELDS, and between the President and Senator BAIRD, as Mr. POINDEXTER. I also present a petition from a large published in the papers, and I also ask that the editorial in the number of citizens of Spokane, Wash., praying the Government Washington Post of to-day entitled " Suffrage militant" be to establish certain military ranks for nurses who are serving printed in the RECORD. This Post editorial so aptly puts the in the Army of the Unitecl States or in hospitals maintained by case and so truthfully states the facts as I understand them to be the Army of the United States. that I trust Senators will not object to its going into the RECORD. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The petition will be referred I think it is nothing but fair to the President of the United States to the Committee on Military Affairs. that these facts be put in the REcoRD, so that they can not be Mr. NELSON presented a telegram in tbe nature of a mem~ misunderstood or misinterpreted or falsified. rial from Mrs. Mittie C. Hubbard, of Mankato, Minn., remon These representatives of the National Woman's Party are strating against a tax on musical instruments, which was re simply allowing their zeal to overcome their judgment. They ferred to the Committee on Finance. know perfectly well that the President is sincerely desirous of He also presented a memorial of sundry citizeDB of Minnesota, seeing the amendment adopted and is exerting the power of his relative to tax exemption of fal,lD-loan bonds, which was re great influence in every proper way to that end. If they do not fet·red ta the Committee on Finance. know that these statements on their banners a.bont the President BILL INTnODUCED. are untrue, then those who are responsible for their being in Washington ought to discharge them for ignorance. Everybody Mr. SHAFROTH introduced a bill (S. 4860) granting an in else knows it. crease of pension to Francis S. Prouty; to the Committee on The PRESIDL.~G· OFFICER. Is there objection to the re Pensions. quest of the Senator from Tennessee? WOMAN SUFFRAGE. 1\lr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I wish to say to the Senator from Tennessee that I think the President's letter to Senator Mr. McKELLAR. 1\Ir. President, several days ago there oc SHIELDS and also his letter to the Senator from New Jersey currecl here in the city what seems to me was an unseemly pro [Mr. BAIRD] have already been printed in the REconn. There test on the part of the or~nization known as the National fore I must object to their going in again. Woman's Party. In this protest, published on their banners l\1r. McKELLAR. I hope the Senator will not object to the a no exhibited in one of our parks, it is said~ editorial in the Post. \.;e pxotest against the- continued disfranchisement of American 1\Ir. SMOOT. If the Senator will permit me just a wor Mr. McKELLAR. I will be glad to do so. thought of the world are so ~harp and involve such momentous issues, that I know that you . will mdulge my unusual course of action and The editorial referred to is as follows: permit me to beg very earnestly that you will lend your aid in clearing [From the Washington Post, Aug. 8, 1918.] away the difficulties which undoubtedly beset us if the amendment is not SUFFRAGE MILITANT. adopted. If there Is one man in public life who ls sincerely in favor of unlversa.l "With much respect, sincerely, yours, Wooonow ~lLSOX." suffrage, that man is the President of the United States. From the SENATOR SHIELDS'S RESPOXSE. first he bas been an advocate of woman suffrage, but he looked upon To this letter Senator SrriELDS replied: it as a State issue, and not one to be treated nationally. He showed his interest in the subject a few years ago by journeying to Princeton " UNITED STATES SEX ATE, to vote for a s~rage amendment to the New Jersey constitution. "WASHINGTON. Recently., however, the President has taken a broader view of the "MY DEA.R MR. PRESIDEXT: Your valued letter concerning the joint subject anu has come over to open advocacy of the national suffrage resolution proposing an amendment to the Federal Constitution favor amendment. ills active interest has taken form in letters written to ing equal sull'rage now pending in the United States Senate, has chal Senators urging them to vote for the amendment and stating, as his lenged my most thoughtful consideration, as do all your views upon opinion, that national woman suffrage should be adopted now as a war public matters. The resolution involves fundamental questions affect measure. With a full knowledge of the President's active support of ing the sovereignty and powers of the Federal and State Governments their cause, the National Woman's Party inaugurated its campaign on most important and vital to the people or the State which I have the Tuesday for the adoption of the suffrage amendment with a demon honor in part to represent in the United States Senate. and those of stration in Lafayette Square, in which there was borne a banner with States with which they are closely allied ln all social, economical and this strange device : governmental interests. upon which I have moat profound convictions " We protest against the continued disfranchisement of American unfavorable to it, known and, I believe, approved by the great majoritv women, for which the President .of the United States is responsible. of the people of Tennessee-arrived at after full consideration o'r "We deplore the weakness of the President in permitting the Senate conditions existing when I voted against a -similar one some years ago to line itself with the Prussian Reichstag by denying democracy to the and those now confronting our country. The reasons for my conclu people. " sions are those controlling the majority of my colleagues from the Of course, the bearers of these banners were arrested and the meeting r~~~rC:~e~i:i:~· well known to you, and which would not be interesting was dispersed, although the suffragists announce that the demonstra tions are to be repeated. Perhaps it was the intense heat which NOT REGAilDED AS WAR ISSUE. served to warp the judgment of the enthusiastic sufiragists who pub licly denounced the President as the cause of the Senate's failqre to "If I could bring myself to believe that the adoption of the resolution pas the suffrage amendment. But whatever the motive, it will be would contribute to the successful prosecution of the war we are now difficult for them to connnce the public that they have any ground for waging with Germany, I would unhesitatingly vote for it, because my complail)t against the President, when all who read the public prints whole heart and soul is involved in brin.ging it to a victorious issue, and are aware that he has been openly proselyting among Republican as I am willing to sacrifice everything save the honor and freedom of our well as Democ1·atlc Senators in favor of the legislation desired. country in aiding you to accomplish that end. But I bave been unable Last winter when the sulfraglsts inaugurated their picketing cam to do so. We can not reasonably expect the proposed amendment to be paign at the White House-a campaign which eventually involved ratified within less than two years and the discussion of it would un arrests, prison sentences, hunger strikes, and other hysterical inci questionably divert the minds and energies of the people from the one dents-there were many neutrals on sutrrage who contended that the great absorbing subject before us-the wlnning of the war-by involv women were uoing the cause more harm than good. But su1rrage ing those of many States in a most bitter controversy contrary to our gained strength in spite of these demonstrations. The President, who earnest desire for that unity or thought and action of the American bad more grounu for personal complaint than anyone else, because his people now so imperatively required. official home was made the storm center, declined to be prejudiced by "These are my sincere convictions, but out of my very high respect the activities of the militants and came out openly for the Federal tor your views I will continue to give your suggestions my most thought amendment. The impression was general among Senators and Repre ful and earnest consideration. sentatins that the proposed legislation passed the House on its merits " With the highest respect, I am, sincerely, yours, and that no vote for it was won by sp~tacular methods. "JOHN K. SHIELDS." National woman sull'rage is now on the verge of being submitted to the REITERATES HIS VIEWS. States for incorporation in the Federal Constitution. What the cause On receipt of the above letter President Wilson wrote the following : needs is support which wlll appeal to the minds of Senators who are wavering so that they may be influenced to chan$e their views. Such " THli! WHITE Housm, arguments will not come out of unlawful assemblages or attacks upon "WASHINGTOX. the Chief Executive of the Nation. "MY DEAR SENATOR: Thank you very sincerely for your frank letter of yesterday about the suffrage amendment. I realize the weight of argu Mr. McKELLAR subsequently said: Mr. President, since the ment that has controlled your attitude in the matter, and I would not colloquy between Senator SMooT and me about the correspond have written as I did 1! I bad not thought that the passage of the ence between the President and Senators SHIELDS and BAIRD, amendment at this time was an essential psychological element in the conduct of the war for democracy. I am led by a single sentence in your Mr. Halsey has made an investigation of the RECORD and finds letter, therefore, to write to say that I do earnestly believe that our ac that the correspondence has not been heretofore put in the REc tion upon this amendment wlll have an important and immediate influ oRD. I have seen Senator SMooT and told him of this fact, and ence upon the whole atmosphere and morale of the nations engaged in the war, and every day I am coming to see how supremely important that he does not now object to that correspondence being printed side of the whole thing is. We can win if we have the wlll to win. also. I therefore insert it into the RECORD. It is as follows, as "Cordially and sincerely, yours, shown in the Evening Star of July 30.: "WooDROW WILSON!' PBESIDE:-.T URGES WOMAN SUFFRAGE--BELIEVES ACTIO"' 0"' PENDING WOMEN PLEAD WITH SENATOR. AMENDME~T WILL HAVE BEARING ON W"AR-WRITES SENATOR Although the above correspondence took place 1n the early part ot SHIELDS. June or this year, the publication of the letters has not been possible [By David Lawrence.] until this time. The women leaders lack only one or two votes of the President Wilson is a very busy man and has a great many problems necessary two-thirds of the Senate and are makmg a hard fight to persuade to decide every day, and for a long time nothing except matters vitally Senator SHIELDS to follow the wishes of the President. The Tennessee related to the conduct or the war have occupied his mind, so it is sig Senator 1s up for reelection this fall, and some or his opponents have nificant to note the connection which President Wil on openly declares declared for suffrage. Mr. SHIELDS has given no indication as to what that he sees between the morale of the American people, their sincere his vote finally wlll be. There are other Senators whose opinions arc adherence to democratic principles, and the passage by the United States not known, and as soon as the Senate reconvenes there will be prompt Senate of the F ederal amendment to enfranchise women of this country. pressure for a vote so that there may be a counting of noses. Every The President does not share the view that woman suffrage is irrele· day, in the opinion of the woman-suffrage supporters, brings the Federal vant and extraneous at this critical period of our history, but takes the amendment nearer to adoption, as they see a universal reaction due to time to point out that America will make e1fective war only when she woman war service and other factors which will help create a public has been inspired by such reforms as he thinks are involved in the giv· opinion to insure the needed votes for the amendment. ing of the ballot to the women of the United States. Inciuentally, the I can not find the letter to Senator BAIRn, though I have seen President shows bow earnestly he desires victory in this war, for be says, "We can win if we have the will to win." it in some newspaper. However, the following article from EXPRESSES VIEWS TO SENATOR. the Washington Times shows it was written: The President wrote his views in a letter to Senator SHIELDS, of Ten PBESIDEXT URGES SENATORS TO ACT ON S"CFFRAGE PLAN. nes ee, who replied, giving his sincere objections, but the President sent Another determined eft'ort is to be made to get the Senate to act the Tennessee Senator a second letter, and the whole correspondence, favorably on the woman's suffrage amendment. It developed to-day which is given below, reflects the whole-hearted and persistent interest that in addition to Senator . SHIELDS, President Wilson ha.s written which l\Ir. Wilson is showing in the fight for woman su1irage. What letters to other Senators asking them to reverse their position and to ever doubts even the prosuffrage advocates may have had before as to vote to submit the Susan B. Anthony amendment to the people. the extent of l\Ir. Wll on's enthusiasm for their cause are now dispelled According to information at the Capitol, the President bas written by the forcefulness of the President's language. The correspondence, to Senator DAVID BAIRD, of his home State, New Jersey, asking that which is made public by Senator SHIELDS, with the permission of the be support the amendment. It is understood to be the position of the White House, follows: administration that, lna~;much as Senator William Hughes, whose PUESiDEXT'S FIRST LETTER. death caused the vacancy to which Senator BAIRD was named, was an The President's first letter to Senator SHIELDS: enthusiastic advocate of suffrage, the incumbent · Senator should sup- " THE WTIITE HOUSE, p_ogtl~i ~~:lt~;n~enatora besilles Senator SHmT.DS were reported to "WASHINGTON. have been urged by the President to support sull'rage when the Senate "MY DEAR SENATOR: I feel so deeply the possibilities latent in the returns and gets down to business. vote which is presently to be taken in the Senate that I am taking a step which in ordinary circumstances I would not feel justified in Mr. THOMAS. l\Ir. President, I should perhaps say nothing taking and ask you very frankly if it will not be possible for you to vote further on the subject which the Senator from Tennessee has for the amendm<'.nt. I feel that much of the morale of this country brought to the attention of the Senate. Indeed, I fully share and or the world will repose in our sincere adherence to democratic principles-will depend upon the action which the Senate takes in this the view of the Senator from Utah [Mr. SMOOT], that if the now critically important matter. If it were merely a domestic ques press of the country would ignore these sporadic outbreaks of tion, or if the times were normal, I would not feel that I · could make misdirected enthusiasm there would be a complete abandonment a direct request of this sort, but the times are far from normal, the fortunes of nations are so linked together, the reactions upon the of the so-called policy of direct action in a movement which is 1918. CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-SENATE. 9213 of nation-wide importance. But as I am given to plainness of the world must be revolutionized; everything turned upsiue speech; let me say, Mr. President, personally I am growing weary down; that thinks all change means progress. of these outbreaks. I have been an advocate of woman suffrage I did not intend to do more than call attention to the sin for the last quarter of a century, and I took some active part gular performance of this morning. Since I have the floor, let in the campaign which led to its adoption 25 years ago by the me ~ake an appeal to men like the two Senators who express a State which I partly represent. Ever since that time I ha\e fe~lm~ of nausea at the performance in the park. I repeat, I consistently and constantly advocated the extension of suffrage thrnk 1t was not so fearful or bad a thing. They simply did not to the women of the country. But if this picketing propaganda kno": there was any sucl1 thing, perhaps, as a statute against is to be revived, it may cause some of us-though, of course, I am meetrng in the park. I do not mean that they were i O' noraut only speaking for myself-to reconsider our declared attitude con people, but women's minds do not much run toward k eepin'"" cerning this amendment, a result which I am sure these women track of statutes and ordinances and regulations. o do not desire. Those of us who feel as I do-and I do not think Mr. WADS WORTH. Will the Senator yield? I am alone-owe it to ourselves and to the public to sound a Mr. HEED. When I finish the sentence I will be glad to yield. warning that the success of the amendment may be imperiled That is the real reason why women should not be clamoring for by a revival of this practice by the aroused antagonism of men the vote. who now are and have been among its advocates and support-ers. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from l\Iis 1\fr. REED. l\1r. President, "here endeth the first lesson." souri yield to the Senator from New York? What a singular thing it is to find two advocates of a cause pray Mr. REED. I do. ing that the newspapers will not mention the conduct of the 1\Ir. WADSWORTH. Does not the Senator recall that the leaders of the cause! head of the organization which organized that demonstration l\1r. THOMAS. Will the Sen~tor permit me? in a letter which was published in the press, announced theil: Mr. REED. Certainly. plan and that the women who came her~ to Washington to take Mr. THOMAS. The people whom the Senator from Utah and part in that program had better be prepared to be arrested? I have criticized are not the leaders of the movement. They Mr. REED. I would not say that; but even if these ladies are its noisy advocates. did know there was an ordinance, law, or regulation they dicl :Mr. REED. Mr. President, if they are not the leaders it would not know that they were expected to obey it, because, I repeat, be difficult to determine who are the leaders. To conclude the women have always had some rights that are superior to any sentence I was uttering, it is a singular thing to find distinguished law. [Laughter.] We menhave conceded it to them, and just Senators who advocate the cause of woman's suffrage practically as long as _they remain gentle and womanly, like our mothers declaring that the only way to keep the advocates of the cause were and like most of them are going to be, in spite of all the from disgusting the American people and alienating their sup agitators of the earth, we will continue to concede these rights port is by concealing from the people what in fact these leaders to them. So the suffragist to-day has a perfect right to walk are doing. · into any Senator's office, no matter if he is in consultation with The conduct referred to being that of some ladies who insisted a member of the Cabinet, and demand an " immediate audience upon holding a public meeting in one of the parks without per for just three seconds until I can talk to you, sir,'' and then stay mission of the authorities, this particular act was, in my opin there three hours and tell you four or five times during the ion, the most innocuous and inoffensive of all their perform course of the conversation that you are only " a brute,'' " a back ances in the vicinity of the White House. Truth to tell, I think number,'' "a fossil," and" a relic of the Stone Age." During all there was very little occasion for -the arrest of these women. Of this you are expected to smile and graciously thank her for the course no woman is to be expected to conform to the laws that compliment. [Laughter.] Ladies are not held to any laws or mere men must obey. That is an understood thing. [Laugh regulations or rules. ter.] As a corollary of that proposition we have heretofore saiu Of course, if a man were to do the same thing under similar that she should not have imposed upon her certain obligations circumstances you would invite him over to the window and that men must assume. 'Ve have never undertaken to say that show him how many feet it is to the pavement. But you never women should be drafted into the Army or compelled to sen·o thir;tk of doing that with the ladies, simply because they are in the Navy. The reason why we have not done so is because ladies. Why should they be expected to obey the regulation~ there is an essential difference between men and women. Wt=' for a city park? They only went down there to enjoy the right have also held that it is not the business of any woman to sup of free speech, and a woman has the right of free speech any port any man; on the other hand, we have declared that it is where, any time, any place, under any circumstances. Nobody the business of each man to support some good woman. They has a right to stop her. [Laughter.] As suggested to me by do not all perform this function, but the percentage who do not the Senator from Colorado [Mr. THOMAS], the eminent advocate look after some woman and support her, in whole or in part of woman suffrage, a man learned in all phases of human is very small. The vast majority of the men of the world ar~ knowledge and experience, you could not stop her if: you tried. taking care of same good women. Those fai1ing to do so, with [Laughter.] Now, the Senator from Colorado repudiates this the exception of one or two distinguished Senators, do not rep leadership. He says the ladies were not the real leaders. I resent the best of mankind. [Laughter.] inquire, ·who are the real leaders? These same leaders are the We demand that if a man and woman out walking together vestal virgins who have kept the fire burning night and day are assailed by a highwayman that the man will, if necessary, ·upon the altars of woman suffrage. "These are they who die in the protection of the woman. Sometimes the man proves a have come out of great tribulation," and out of county jails coward, but in that case the world regards him as a degenerate and various other places, where "they ha\e suffered for wretch. . We expect if a burglar breaks into a house at night righteousness' sake." These are the ladies who have gone up that the woman will do the screaming and the man will do the and down the country holding aloft the banner of purple and fighting. Just in proportion as each of them lives up to the gold, not merely calling but demanding that an Congressmen rule, they conform to the laws of nature. [Laughter.] and other public officials join them, upon pain of political ex termination. These are the same ladies who are going into the There a1·e some things we expect of the women that are not districts of Congressmen and into the States of Senators dis demanded of men, and, thank God, they have performed those covering their political friends and inducing them to write that duties through all the ages with a fidelity and devotion that is if they do not yield "the one necessary vote at this time" they sublime beyond ·description. But they are the duties of the will be cast into outer d.arkness at the next election. women. They have kept the llome. There are some women to By the way, _also "these.are they" who are duly represented day. who think that that is an ignoble calling. Just in pro by candidates running in suffrage States against Senators who portion as there are such women the demonstration is the more have been earnest advocates of their social cause. As I look CO_!Ilplete that those women at le~st never ought to be per mitted to vote. The woman who thmks that the keeping of the around me I can see the chairs and even look in the faces of home is beneath her and beneath her sex is not fit to vote-and Senators who have been champions of the suffrage cause who is not fit for anything else. It is the noblest attribute of hu now find the very lady lobbyists who besought their assi tance manity. The mothers who bore us are to-day the highest ideals are out in their States seeking to be elected to fill their seats in the Senate. of our souls. · Blow, blow, thou winter winds ; There are some differences between men and women that Thou art not so unkind were ordained by the Almighty and that all the cranks and As man's ingratitude. agitators of earth can never remove. This is true whether the Surely t~is is a mixed-up old world. I remember one Senator agitator appears in the form of a petticoat virago whose con who for a tlme had charge of the woman suffrage bill. Ile is the duct is such that the friends of woman suffrage beg that the most genial and kindly perhaps of all the l\Iernbers of this boll\. newspapers will no longer mention it, or whether the agitator He will on ordinary occasions accede to any reasonable r en,u est belongs to that type of male or female who thinks that all by a Senator. But when he had charge of the suffrage bill iu 9214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE. AUGUST 8, his zeal he forgot all his wonted kindliness. His heart was mentally it is a warfare upon the precepts of civilization on stone and his face was adamant. He declined to yield a moment property rights, on government of law, upon the orderly of time. He insisted that the suffrage bill was essential to the course of justice. The propaganda basically denounces the salvation of mankind and that therefore all matters must give existing order and demands a change in everything that is. way. Because of that undertow, the woman-suffrage movement He stood and contended, and while he contended these same has gained its great force. People who have been taught to suffragists, who are not leaders, as my friend from Colorado distrust all that is are willing to accept any change that is declares. but still ones who have made all of the noise and offered. So they say women should vote. If you ask them what stirred up all this sentiment, filled these galleries like so many wrongs women have suffered and you can get a concrete state blossoms of beauty, their eyes flashing approval and their ment of the wrong, you can invariably demonstrate that the hands, in violation of the rules of the Senate, applauding. wrong does not exist or that it is not the result of a refu ul As the ladies of the far West must have applauded and ad of the right to vote. mired the Senator when in his youthful cowboy days he be If you ask them what reforms they propose to work, they are strode a bucking mustang and showed how he could conquer likely to point to the glorious laws of certain suffrage States. that particular form of wild beast, so did these suffragists now But-you can invariably point to nonsuffrage States that have applaud his equally difficult verbal athletics. I doubt not his adopted the same reforms years before they were adopted in heart was correspondingly thrilled. Everybody knew the the suffrage States. If you ask them what particular thing amendment was going to be beaten at that time except the Sena they propose to do, the only answer you get, in the long run, tor in charge and the lady lobbyists who occupied the gallery. is that "they propose to vote," and when you ask them what At their demand he went gallantly to the assault. The vote they propose to do with that -vote they answer that "they pro was taken and the amendment was defeated, whereupon the pose to vote.'' champion of suffrage was summoned to the Marble Room. He When you ask them, then, why they are not willing to go went expecting to meet his cohorts and to hear them exclaim, into the various ~ States and ask the people of those States to as did another celebrated individual, "This is 'the first bat amend their conStitution or their laws giving them the right to tle ' ; we will irnJnedlately organize for the second, in which vote in that particular State, what is ·their answer? They an you shall again gallantly lead us, and we will follow until on swer that they do not want to go to that much trouble. The some glorious morning we shall behold the golden light of vic cold truth of the matter is they very well understand that tory flashing upon our banner, which you shall proudly bear unless they can forc-e suffrage upon the States the majority as the next Preffident of the United States." That is perhaps of whose people do not want suffrage they will not obtain the what he e:x:Dected to hear. This is what occuned: He was met right to vote in certain States. by a lady of sour visage, backed by some dozen or more, whose Mr. SHAFROTH. ~fr. Presjdent-- smiles had frozen into lines of contempt, and he was plainly The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Mis told that the spokesman " had been delegated to inform him that souri yielrt to the Senator from Colorado? the ladjes fuJly understood that he had betrayed their cause I and deliberately forced a vote in order that they might be Mr. REED. do. ?tfr. SHAFROTH. Does not the Senator recognize that there defeated." are certain obstructions in the constitutions of the various I wonder who are the leaders of this movement! If you States by which you do not have a fair opportunity of submit want me to name the real leaders of it, I will say this: For ting the question, such as, for instance, in one State where some five or six or seven or eight or nine years, perhaps even you can not submit an amendment but once in 10 years, in an longer than that, there has been a general state of unrest other State where it has to be submitted by the votes of two throughout the world. It has manifested itself in this colmtry successive legislatures, and if an "intervening one does not agree and in other lands. Beyond aU question, at one time even there can be no !':Ubmission? In a number of other States you Great Britain was reeking with the poison of socialism. In can not amend the cons-titution except by a constitutional con our own country the I. W. W.'s had begun to disseminate their vention. By reason of all which it is impossible to submit tllese· evil doctrine and to indulge in their evil practices. Other matters to th.e people of the States as the women woulu desire. organizations had taken up similar views. Then great leaders Mr. REED. Now, the Senator bas named 2 States with were found to stand sponsor fot· many of these ideas. I have extraordinary constitutions, 2 out of 48. So far as constitu in mind a leader who declared in substance and effect that. the tional conventions are concerned they can be called in any State courts of our country could not be trusted, and that an appeal whenever a majority of the people want them called. It is from the decision of a court ought to be awarded to a public utterly idle to stand and argue that if a strong majority of the vote; that the judge who heard the case should not decide people, an active, live majority of the people, of any State want according to the precedents and the law, but ought to cast to amend· the constitution so as to provide for woman suff-rage affide these precedents and decide according to what the it can not be secured. There is no State in thi!ll Union with any judge believed was the right of that particular case. sucb law or with any such constituti{)nal limitation as will pro The individual who announced this startling doctrine did not hibit the people of that State from changing the constitution if seem to know that his policy meant the substitution of the will of one man for the law of the land and made free citizens they really want a change. subject to the caprice and whim of a judicial tyrant with no ?tfr. JONES of New Mexico. lllr. President-- rule except his own will of the moment. 1\!r. REED. In just one moment. It is true there are two But the undermining work went on. I ha-ve in mind muck or three States where the constitution requires that there sbnll raking magazine writers who denounced almost all legislative be certain forms gone through with, and one of those Stutes, I bodies as composed of criminals or crooks or unworthy men. I believe, is the·state of New Mexico, which bas some provisions have in mind others who inveighed agai~t the form of govern making it rather difficult to amend the constitution, a provision ment in Olli' cities and demanded that we shouJd substitute com I contended against, but the people of New Mexico seemed to mi sions for councils and mayors. I remember one of the want it, for they wrote that kin vote whenever they get a real majority in fa\"'or of their propo- has the protection of the law, and he has the defense of the sitio.tl. AJ.·my and the Na>y of the United States, and the right of a lli. SHAFROTH. Mr. President, does not the Senator recog- citizen. nize that in order to amend the constitution you have got to How is it about the ladies? They do not vote in most States, make a paramount issue in order to get the people aroused upon but is it true that they are not represented? I wonder if my the subject and that it is a burden which does not exist in o\d mother, 90 years of age, who taught me almost e>ery prin ordinary matters? Instead of being 2, I am satisfied that there ciple I have that is good, is not represented by my vote. I won are no less than 12 or 15 States that have obstructions of a der if there is enough influence in all this world to make me cast very serious nature to the submission of constitutional amend- a vote that I thought would be unjust to that heroic old woman. ments. There was one in my State for a long whil2 and that Not all the powers of earth or perdition could make me do that was that no more than one constitutional provision should be willingly; arid what is true of me is true of you, and what is true submitted at an election. of you and me is true of nearly every man who walks this earth. l\lr. REED. When was that in your constitution? Where is the man who would not defend his mother in her rights? Mr. SHAFROTH. It was in our constitution, I think, about Where is the man who would not die rather than do her in- 1890. jury? There may be here and there such a one, but if so he is :Mr. REED. With that on your books you adopted woman a thTOwback to the age when men were animals which did not yet suffrage? possess a soul. I wonder if the wives of these Senators, and Mr. SHAFROTH. No; we amended that constitutional pro- these Congressmen, and these electors are not in any way repre vision. We did not adopt woman suffrage as a constitutional sented by their husbands' votes. I wonder if it is true that the amendment in the first instance. The original constitution au- women of this country gave their hearts and hands to creatures thorized a submission to the voters of the question by any legis- who are so vile, so low, and so contemptible that they can not lature. It was afterwards adopted as a constitutional amend- be trusted to vote for laws that will be just to them. What rot ment in Colorado. you are talking. I wonder if the men who donned the uniform Mr. REED. You got it first by statute. of their country and who have gone forth to :fight and perhaps Mr: SHAFROTH. We got it first by statutory submission. die to keep this country and the great world free-! wonder if Mr. REED. Then why do you cite the constitution of Colo- these men who can be trusted to save their country on the rado? You cite the constitution of Colorado as having tied the bloody battle field can not be trusted to preserve it in the ballot hands of the people so that they could not grant woman suffrage, boxes. I wonder if the men who are willing to die in defense of and then you tell us in the same breath that the legislature had their country will come home and pass unjust laws to oppress a right to grant it by statute and did grant it by statute. the women they fought for. Are the wi1es, sisters, and mothers Mr. SHAFROTH. No; I am simply citing as illustration of such men not represented? that in most States it is required to be adopted by constitutional Are they not as well represented by such men as they would amendment. Colorado is an exception in the matter. In fact, be by some su1ITagette who is without regard for law, who holds it was turned do·wn on one occasion, and was not voted at the meetings in defiance of public statutes, who pickets the home .of time the constitution was adopted; but there are obstructions in the President, and whose chief ambition is to break into jail? a number of States. There is one State in this Union where Not all suffragists are thus affected. I speak of a minority, there were two successive legislatures that adopted the sub- but a very noisy and insistent minority, who occ_upy positions as mission to the people, and yet, by reason of the fact that the leaders. secretary of state failed to publish the fact, it could not be sub- I belie1e it is fundamental that each State should have the mitted to the people. right to settle the question of the qualification of its voters, anu · Mr. REED. Exactly, and that has happened in re~ard to to settle that question for itself subject only to the constitutional constitutional amendments or similar things time and a-gain; limitation that each State must have a republican form of gov some officer of the law has refused to properly carry out the ernment. I believe that my distinguished friend the Senator from law. But does the Senator argue seriously here in this Cham- Connecticut [1\Ir. BRANDEGEE], who lives among a people and in ber that the Federal Government should step in and change an environment that is very different from the environment of the laws of the States because some State officer in some one the people of my State, knows better what will make for the State, in violation of his oath, failed to perform his duty in the good of the Commonwealth of Connecticut than I can possibly matter of printing an amendment? know. I know more about what the people of Missouri need Mr. SHAFROTH. 1\Ir. President, there are some other rea- than the distinguished Senator from New Mexico, just as he sons besides those. The main reason is, and it seems to me the knows more about what the people of New Mexico need than I Senator ought to recognize it, that it violates the fundamental can possibly know. principle of our Government, which says that the just powers This country is 3,000 miles from east to west and 1,500 miles of government are derived from the consent of the governed. from north to south. It embraces almost e>ery variety of No answer can be made to that, whether it is ap:nlled to the climate from the Arctic regions to the Torrid Zone and has as Federal Go1ernment or the State gover11ment. Whenever you many varieties of life, of business, and of environment as can be do not give that right you have not a true democracy. found in a dozen or 20 different countries in Europe. There- Mr. REED. Air. President, I have demonstrated my case. fore the people of the different States ought to be allowed to The Senator rose to state certain objections, and I have driven determine the qualifications of their own voters. him from them absolutely and :finally. He then has 1~ecourse to Now, no amount of persuasion would e\er get me to vote to the old cry about the consent of the governed, a cry that is amend the Constitution of the United States so that the State as ancient as Adam and that has absolutely nothing to do with of Colorado could not allow the women to vote, nor to amend this case. That is an argument which can be answered but it the Constitution so that the State of Nevada could not grant the can Lot be answered to a suffragette, for nothing can render an privilege of woman suffrage if it desired, because I think each answer to a real, Simon-pure, blown-in-the-bottle suffragette. State knows enough to attend to its own business. I have a The answer is that in every government of earth there has been sort of a notion that in a blundering, old-fashioned kind of a a limitation upon the exercise of the right of suffrage. way Missouri and Georgia know how to take care of their own Those limitations ha\e been of numerous kinds. There ·have affairs. We know our people; we know their wants. So i say been governments of States, there are States yet, where a prop- that each State should be allowed to settle the question of erty qualification is required. There are many States where suffrage for itself. there are educational qualifications required. Slmll the man But I will make this proposition to Senators: I will vote for who is ignorant say that the State that refuses to allow him to a constitutional amendment that will submit woman suffrag0 vote because of his ignorance has violated the principles of the to the people of the respective States at a general eJection held Constitution or the Declaration of Independence? The courts for that purpose, to become effective when it is ratified by the have universally held otherwise. Likewise, the boy 18 years popular vote of the people of three-fourths of the States at that old might come forward and say that "all just governments election. Of course we shall have to add to that that the State deriYe their power from the consent of the governed, and I am legislatures must thereupon make the necessary ratification; outraged and wronged by virtue of the fact that the law draws but the provision can be legally worked out. I am willing to tlle line and says I can not vote until I am 21 years of age." vote for an amendment of that nature. How mucll more lle might say that to-day, when we are certain Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President-- to pass a bill that will call to the colors and place upon the Mr. REED. But I do not propose to submit the amend- firing line every boy of 18 years and upward? When this boy ment in such a way that the legislature of a State having a is called upon to defend this Government, to bare his bosom to Itotal voting population of 30,000 shall have as much to say in the blasts of war, to march through bloody trenches, and to the matter of an amendment of this kind as a State that has a look into the eyes of death he has not been permitted to vote, voting population of 4,000,000. I yield to the Senator from New but he has a country and equality before the law, and he Mexico. 9216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . AUGUST 8, 1\fr. JO::\-""ES of New :Mexico. I rose for the purpose of asking legislature. Of course, it is true that under the Federal Con the Sena.tm· to distinguish between his proposition and the stitution we have proYided that the ratification can be made by amendment which i now pending. the legislature, but I am saying that I am not willing to submit Mr. REED. In part I h::rve done so, but I shall giye another this kind of amendment to that sort of a ratification. llowe\er, di tinction. I am willing to submit it to a ratification of the votes of the l\lr. JONES of New Mexico. I should' Uke to have the dis- people of the State. tinction made clear, because it does seem to me that the pro- Now let me pO'int out anothee thing for a moment, and I am po ed amendment wouUl come about as near getting the senti- taking over an hour on this matter when I intended to- take ment of the country as any .proposition suggested by the only five minutes, and that in a jocular vein. Senator. It would require now the affirmative as ent to Mr. KIRBY. I should like to ask the Senator one more ratitication of three-fourths of the States. I do not see much question. distinction between that and the suggestion of the Senator. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Sennto1· from Mis- 1\Ir. REED. There i the distinction I have named, and there souri yield further to the Senator from Arkansas? is another ve-ry great di tinetion. You say this amendment to l\'Ir. REED. I do. the Constitution can not be adopted until it i~ consented to by Mr. KIRBY. I assume from the Senator's lnst statement tlle people of three-fourths (}f the States. Nothing of the that he is ·willing to submit it to a vote of the people, because kind exists. The legislature of Arizona, the legislature of there is no law by which any such submi siou can be made. New Ue:A.ico, the legislature of Colorado, and the leg~latures Mr. REED. The Senator has no right to make any such of varions States meet, and those members of the legislature assumption. My statement was Yery clear and explicit that the say whether the- amendment shall be ratified or not. That is amendment would have to be so drawn as to give it vitality. true of ev-ery amendment to the Constitution, but you are Such an amendment can undoubtedly be prepared, and we have proposing n<>w for the first time, with the exception of the one submitted now, one with regard to prohibition, with a amendments that were adopted immediately after the war, to clause requiring ratification within a particular time. interfere with a right that has always been conceded to the Mr. KIRBY. 1\lr. President-- States. Therefore I say I am so confident of the result that I 1\Ir. REED. But I do not care to pursue that. would be willing to submit it to a vote of the people. But let 1\Ir. KffiBY. I was only going to a. k the Senator, who is us see how the present method of submission re nits. The a lawyer of well-known ability, if, in his opinion, any such total number of members of the general assemblies of the provision in a proposed amendment would not be absolute sur:. United States, I thlnkt runs in the neighborhood of four or plusage and would not be so regarded by any court in passing five thousand. upon the construction of it, upon the question of the adoption \Ir. KIRBY. Mr. President-- of the amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Mis- l\Ir. REED. I haYe said three times, I believe, that, in my souri yield to the Senator from Arkansas? opinion, such an amendment cun be prepared and that it will l\'Ir-. REED. I yield. be binding if drawn in the right way. Mr. KIRBY. The Senator does not mean to insi t that the Mr. JOJ\TES of New Mexico. l\lr. President-- fegi latures of the States do not represent the people of the The PRESIDL~G OFFICER. Does the Senator from Mls· State in the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution? souri yield to the Senator from New Mexico? l\1r. REED. I see the Senator smiles. I think the Senator Mr. REED. I yield. knm-rs that I know how the Constitution is to be amended. I 1\Ir. JONES of New Mexico. I understand, then, from the say this amendment is entirely different from an amendment Senator's statement that he no longer makes serious objection which concerns an ordinary matter. This goes to the very right to imposing upon one-fourth of the Stutes woman suffl•aae, of the State to control the very source of its government. It provided three-fourths of the States impose it by a popular bas never been interfered with since the foundation of this vote. · Government except during the reconstruction period after the Mr. REED. No; the Senator does not understand me that wnr. way. I have said very plainly that I adhere to the proposition Mr. BRANDEGEE. 1\Ir. President-- that we have no right to enforce it, but that nevertheless I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Mis- would willingly, as n matter of compromise, submit it to a souri yield to the Senator from Connecticut? popular vote. I will state frankly why I am willing to do so. 1\Ir. REED. I do. Because it m'11 never be adopted that way, because the people Mr. BRANDEGEE. I shoul4 like the Senator to answer the of this country are not for it, because in election after election que tion asked by the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. KmBY]. that has been demonstrated, because the victories you have I do not think he quite un-derstood it. The Senator from Arkan- achieved have been victories in the legislatures, with one or two sa , as I understood his question, asked th~ Senator from Mis- remarkable exceptions, the last one being New York, where it is souri whether he did not think that the vote of the legislatures admitted· that the Socialist vote, the disloyal vote of the city of of the States was always representative of the opinion of the New York, was the determining factor. peoJ}le of the States. l\Ir. JONES of New Mexico. I should like to state that I bavo Mr. REED. I undoubtedly do not think so, and the suffragists looked into the facts bearing upon the statement just made ' do not think so. I have talked with their leaders; I have talked by the Senator, and my analysis of the vote in New York does ith some of those who have been ar-rested, and therefore pos- not bear out the statement the Senator bas just made. se the badge of authority, the certiiicate of nobility. 1\Ir. REED. I do not know what analysis the Senator has l\It·. lffitBY. Mr. President-- · reached, but every prominent Socialist was advocating it in the Mr. REED. I yield. · city of New York. The whole Socialist organization was back Mr. KIRBY. I am unable to understand how the Senator can of it in the city of New York. The amendment was beaten in insist that he represents here the women of the Nation. Un- the State at large, but succeeded in the city of New York with questionably he represents his State in the Senate and repre- the whole Socialist organization back of it. They are not only sents the Nation. How can he say that the legislature of a for it in New York, but the Bolsheviki are for it in Russia. The State, when it adopts an amendment proposed to the Constitu- Socialists are for it in every country on the earth. You can tion by this Congress duly submitted to it, does not represent take a vote to-morrow of all those gentlemen who conspired to t,he people of the State? turn Russia over to Germany, and I do not believe you will :finll Mr. REED. I shall make it so plain that my friend can under- one of them who is not an earnest advocate of woman sufrrage. stand. Every State in this Union, including the Senator's own You can fuld that class in favor of it that we fear In this war. great State, has a constitution, and in that con .titution there The only thing we do fear is the undermining processes that are turned over to the legislature of the State cm.-tain proposi- may go on secretly; but you can not :find a single " supper anu tions which the people saw :fit to consign to the men who go to miner " who is not for woman suffrage. the legislature to decide. But at the same time the Senator's Mr. President, I have digressed because of these questions own State in its constitution reserved to the peO'l)le of that State fron'l the statement I was about to make. There is this further certain questions thnt the people would vote upon but which the distinction between a submission to the people of the States and legislature could not. The people reserved those great funda- a submis ion to the legislatures. When it is submitted to the mental rights to them~elves and did not permit tbe legislature to people at least you get the popular opinion, and you must have touch them. They kept them for a direct vote. a majority of the popular vote in the respective States. There Kow, my claim is that when you propose a change of quail- is time for discu sion, there is time for debate, there is time fication of the voters of the States by an amendment to the for consideration, and there is a ballot where people can vote Federal Constitution, you have entered into that very type and their choice. But when you submit the matter to the legislature clas · of question which the States have re erved by theil• con- of the State you submit the fate of this great question, perhaps stitutions to the people and have not generally granted to the the·fate of the Nation, to general assemblies with an aggregate 1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE. 9217 membership, I think, in the United States of approximately state that the passnge of this proposed Susan B. Anthony amend 4,000. • ment to tl1e Com;titution of the Unite the State. It is easy to demonstrate that les · than 2,000 men about that. whatever the moth-e may baxe been1 I do not agree might chan~e this fundamental law of our country. These men to any such proposition. woulll be beset by agitators and lobbyists backed by money. l\lr. BRANDEGEE. Neither do I. Such n lobby hits been maintained at enormous expense, and :Mr. REED. A war measure? What will it uo for the war? lla~ proceeded in a wny that would not be toletated if persisted Will it put another soldier upon the battle front? If sQ, where in by any other body than one composed of the priVileged ~ex. are you going to get him? 'Ve have granted every soldier up All thi money an 9218 CONGRESSION _t\.L RECORD-SENATJ1J. AUGUST 8,' cept ourselYes, and Frnnee has manhood i'uffrnge. ·· Not a single something of ·- their methods, to call to the attenti,on of the 11,renchman will cltnrge with nny greater keenness or die with Senators .some of their own utterances. I niake no argument, any more courage because we give women the i'ight to vote. but simply quote their official utterances. Senators haYe been What about Italy? It is a monarchy. Do we have to grant suf experiencing the pressure that has been brought to bear here for frage in order that we may advance to the high democratic two or three years, and many other men in public life have been ground that monarchy holds? experiencing it in other legislative bodies. It has not been a Where, then, is the ally that we must satisfy? Is it Russia? new experience for me. I think Senators will be interested if I There is only one thing worse than an autocracy that I haye read to them a description of the methods pursued by the llead ever known, and that is Bolshevikism. Are we to grant suffrage quarters of the Woman Suffrage Party here in Washington as to women in the United States to please the Bolsheviki? I portrayed in their own official journal. I read from the publica say the sooner we let the Bolsheviki know that they can not tion known as the Suffragist, under date of February 7, 1917. betray us to Germany, the sooner we give them to understand On page 8 of that publication I find the following paragraph de that they must keep their covenant of faith, the better, and that scriptive of the work which that organization is doing in the_ instead of catering to them by changing our laws to please that Congress. I quote: combination of insanity, of brutality, and of anarchy, the . The center from which all tho leglsla tivc work is directed and where sooner we tell them there are international responsibilities that its results are all put down in black and white is in the legislative must be recognized by them, the better it will be. office at headquarters. A war measure? There is not a man in this Chamber who · I assume that the headquarters are upon Lafayette Square. believes it is a war measure. So far as I am concerned, and let . The big filing cases in this room sum up exactly the legislative work me say this with due deliberation, I will never change an impor of the Congressional Union. tant law of the United States written by the people of this I may say that at the time this was published the organization country to please any nation on this earth.. I will not do it to was known as the Congressional Union ; I understand it has been please the long-haired, wild-eyed, anarchistic Bolsheviki. I will changed to the National Woman Suffrage Party. not do it to please any king who sit upon a throne. I will not Here is set down- do it or permit it if I can help it, save only when the people of I continue the quotation- this country, considering their O\Yn affairs, believe the law the record of every Congressman. Every fact that has any ben.rlng on ought to be changed. his personality, opinions, and mental make-up is minutely detailed l)fr. President, I did not intend to stand here two minutes where he was born, where he went to school, what his special studies were If he went to college, his family, his home, his church, his clubs, when I took the floor. I have said this much principally be and his lodges-no detatl is overlooked that might gh-e a lobbyist in· cause a great Army bill is coming here, and I am wondering if sight into how best to approach him. 1t is going to be delayed while we discuss prohibition or while Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President-- we discuss woman suffrage. I am wondering if the advocates of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from New these measures can not lay them aside at least until we can York yield to the Senator from Colorado? pass laws so that we can put the necessary men to win this Mr. WADSWORTH. I yield. war upon the fightin~ front in France. Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, does not the Senator know ll.fr. President, I want to discuss that question, and if the that there is a prohibition organization in the United States that Senate will give me its att~ntion on next Monday I shall Yery carries on a similar practice, and also the American Federation · briefly speak upon the question of enlarging the draft age. of Labor, and also the National Association of l\!anufacturers? Mr. WADSWORTH. 1\,lr. President, during the discussion The practice may be reprehensible, but it is not exclusive to that of the woman suffrage amendment which has occurred this morn particular organization. ing I have been exceedingly interested in hearing the apologies Mr. WADS WORTH. I am not aware of what other organiza of the advocates of woman suffrage for the spectacle which the tions do this. I am merely reading from the official paper of leaders of the Woman Suffrage Party exhibited to the public of this organization whose represen_tatives we see here day after Washington and to the Nation the other day. day visiting and talking with Senators. Mr. SMOOT. I hope the Senator does not feel that I apolo- Mr. REED. If the Senator will pat·don me, the Senator from gized. I criticized. Colorado mentions two or three organizations, among them the Mr. WADSWORTH. Then I am the more pleaned. National Manufacturers' Association. When we get down to Mr. THOl\IAS. 1\Ir. President-- dealing with mere men I observe that the National Manufactur 1\fr. WADS WORTH. I yield. ers' Association was castigated here on the floor of Congress, was Mr. THOMAS. I may have been an apologist for occurrences investigated, disgraced, and practically forced into dissolution, the other day but it was unintentional. I did not apologize for and there was serious thought about passing a law punishing it I llave i~ some degree denounced it, as I have heretofore lobbyists. But, of course, no one would think of applying that to had occasion to speak rather severely of similar practices in the dear women. . the past. Mr. WADS WORTH. Mr. President, I have made no comment Mr. WADSWORTH. Again I am the more pleased. Insteail whatsoever upon the paragraphs that I have read from this of apologies I now understand that they are criticisms and journal. I think, however, it is of sutncient interest to hold a denunciations, with which I heartily concur. place in the record of the Congress and for the information of I can not concur, however, with the suggestion that the women Senators. The paragraph merely continues to recite how all this who indulged in this spectacle opposite the White House day information about a man's education, his ·family, his home, or before yesterday are not leaders· in this movement. My con any detail that may give the lobbyist a chance to get him is viction is that they are leaders in it. They haYe been leaders recorded. in it for many years past. I know that there are some other Something has been said in speeches made this morning about leaders of this movement who in public contend that they have the motives back of this, about the motives impelling the advo nothing to do with the so-called . pickets or with the so-call ell cates of suffrage to insist upon a Federal amendment rather Woman Suffrage Party. It is true that they endeavor not to be than submit it to the people of the several States. . seen with them, as it were, and they endeavor to create the Again, Mr. President, I shall make no argument whatsoever. I impression when these unfortunate occurrences take place here shall simply lay before the Senate some of the statements of in \Vashington that they are not to their liking. In part that the leaders of the movement which in my humble judgment de· may be true, but for many, many months, SenatO"rs, we have seen scribe truthfully their purposes and their motives, and if r am these two groups, if we may call them two groups, of women mistaken in regarding some of these women as leaders, perhaps working together in the lobbies of the Senate, conferring to either of the Senators from Colorado will correct me. gether in utmost friendship, comparing notes, importuning Sena I find that on December 6, 1916, 1\!rs. Ida Husted Harper, tors with no distinction as between the two groups, addressin~ who is known as the suffrage historian, said at a convention of each other by their Christian names, with no sign of enmity the National American Woman Suffrage Association at Atlantic between them. City: Indeed, the women who perpetrated the spectacle opposite the Why were both Republican nnd Democratic conventions willlng to White House day before yesterday are leaders in this movement favor woman su1Irage through State action? and cooperate witll other women leaders; and it \till not suffice for Senators merely to denounce them and them alone, because And be it remembered that the conYentions of both great in most respects they aU work together, even if they endeayor parties declared that this matter should ~e left to the people ot to create the impression that they do not. · the several States. I continue the quotatwn: Mr. President. I am not going to discuss tl:e m~rits of this Decause they knew they were putting 1t off until doomsday. amendment. We haye not the time nor has the Senate the That was Mrs. Harper's judgment of that action. patience. I want to call to the attention of Senators here present, We have had enough of appealing to the in That is the nttemnee of·one Ieauer. She also. stateu on this The .Journal of the proceedings of ~Ion