Project Completion Report Annex

Annex 3-8: Presentation Materials for Final Seminar

3.8.1 GCEA

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. The Capacity Development of Environmental Monitoring at Directorates 1. Project Sustainability The Capacity Development of Environmental Monitoring at Directorates for 1. Recommendations by the Terminal Evaluation: (1) For the Remaining Period Environmental Affairs in Governorates (2) For the Post-Project Period (3) Mid and Long Term Recommendations

Final Seminar 2. Commitments on further Activities for Project Sustainability: (1) Confirmation of Monitoring Activity (2) Management System of Monitoring Activity (3) Confirmation toward Phase-II 5-6 December 2007

General Commission for Environmental Affaires

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1. 1 Recommendations by the Terminal Evaluation (1) 1. 1 Recommendations by the Terminal Evaluation (2)

I. For the Remaining Period : III. Mid and Long Term Recommendations : (1) Continuous effort to have staff with adequate b-ground & to keep them not to change the job (1) Clarification of Job descriptions (roles and mandates) (2) Promotion of QA/QC (2) Leadership of GCEA to provide technical supports to DFEA (3) Fixing Lab wastewater treatment facility for normal operation (3) Actual and concrete implementation of the National Monitoring Plan II. For the Post-Project Period : (4) Accreditation of AEC (1) Planning and continuation of training on air quality for the Overall Goal of the Project -External QA/QC (program of AEC) (2) Continuous contact with JICA -Internal QA/QC (standard solution) (3) Beforehand application for the budget (4) Enhancement of the precision of Labs, such as -Continuous disbursement of sufficient budget to DFEA -More incentives for the lab staff -Full-time technicians for lab and monitoring works -Preventive maintenance of equip (periodic maintenance of AAS in the contract)

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1. 2 Commitments on further Activities for Project 1. 2 Commitments on further Activities for Project Sustainability (1) Sustainability (2) Commitment of GCEA & DFEA for Continuation of Monitoring Activity B. Management System of Monitoring Activity Follow-up & Preparation of Data and Report B-1 :Budget for Monitoring in SFY 2008 (January 2008) B-2 :Management Condition of Monitoring Activity (January 2008) Submission of Data and Documents to JICA from GCEA -Description of Roles and Responsibilities each Directorate in GCEA -Organizational Flow of Monitoring Data from D in DFEA to GD in GCEA

A. Confirmation of Monitoring Activity C. Confirmation toward Phase-II A-1 :Annual Report Preparation in SFY 2007 C-1 :Current Situation related to Inspection Activity (January 2008) -14 DFEA including BWQ, CBA, HM, and Air Q (February 2008) -Clarification of Authority by Laws and Regulations -Summary Report by GCEA on 14 Annual Report (March 2008) -GCEA’s Strategy & Plan for Implementation of Inspection A-2 :Monitoring Record in SFY 2008 -Current Situation & Constraints for Enforcement of Inspection -Monitoring Plan of 14 DFEA (January 2008) -Monthly Monitoring Record of 14 DFEA through GCEA (Monthly in 2008) A-3 :Equip O/M Record in SFY 2007 (March 2008)

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1 2. Prospects of Environmental Monitoring in Syria 2.1 Key Strategies of the 10th 5-years Plan 2006-2010 (1)

2.1 Key Strategies of the 10th 5-years Plan 2006-2010 (Environment 1. Setting National Plans and Policies on Environmental Affaires Management Sector) related to Environmental Monitoring (1) Establishing national monitoring station (2) Emphasizing application of Law No. 50, 2002 (3) Conducting environmental check on vehicles 2.2 Prospects of Environmental Monitoring in Syria (4) Rationalizing usage of pesticides and fertilizers (1) Pollution Source Management and Control (5) Adopting national list for constrained and prohibited chemical materials (2) Environmental Monitoring Cycle 2. Adopting EIA (3) Collaboration with other Ministries (1) Enforcing pollutant industries to apply environmental management system (4) Prospects of the Phase-II (2) Setting environmental record for industrial activities (3) Setting the plan for environmental inspection 3. Setting New Mechanism for Activating Environmental Works (1) Providing all technical facilities (vehicles, labs, equip, etc.) (2) Providing typical standards (limits for environmental standards) (3) Establishing joint national program between GCEA and other ministries

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2.1 Key Strategies of the 10th 5-years Plan 2006-2010 (2) 2.2 Pollution Source Management and Control

Public Enforcement Strategy Env’tal Law No.50 & By-law 4. Setting Long-term Program for Staff Training (1) Providing office equip and advanced labs to DFEA with working guidelines and training courses GCEA DFEAs -Inspection Public Right (2) Adopting the principle of continuous qualitative training to the workers as as & & Head Quarter Frontline -Inspector Env’tal Police (3) Conducting environmental check on vehicles (4) Rationalizing usage of pesticides and fertilizers (5) Adopting national list for constrained and prohibited chemical materials Discharge and Effluent Standard Inspection Report 5. Activating Scientific Research (1) Distributing equip for air pollution measurement (2) Providing actual pollution indicators conducting local specific studies Decision Makers/ Court

Pollution Source Monitoring Improvement or Punishment

Pollution Source Management and Control

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2.3 Environmental Monitoring Cycle 2.4 Collaboration with other Ministries

Principal Objective 1) MOLAE/GCEA Env’tal Protection & Pollution Source Control 2) Governor of Damascus Enforcement through Environment Committee GCEA 3) SERC Environmental Research 4) M. of Irrigation Sustainable Water Resource Use 5) M. of Housing and C. Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation 6) M. of Industry Compliance of Discharge & Emission Standards DFEA 7) M. of Transport Traffic Volume Management 8) M. of Health Protection of Public Health

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2 2.5 Prospects of the Phase-II (1) 2.5 Prospects of the Phase-II (2)

(1) Overall Goal (4)Project Activities Monitoring and prevention of the pollution by controlling the industrial emissions in accordance with the Integrated National Environmental Monitoring Plan. a) Training for air and water quality analysis. b) Pilot projects in some DFEAs for water and air quality, in order to be extend (2) Project Purpose later to all DFEAs by the Syrian side efforts. To solve the existing problems mentioned above. c) Training for the implementation of the national strategy for public awareness. d) Training in using the statistical methods in result analysis. (3) Outputs e) Training for trainers. a) Establishment of the Integrated National Environmental Monitoring Plan. f) Training for the calibration of equipment. b) Trained and qualified staff are able to tackle the environmental problems on g) Training for the laboratory accreditation. water and air using the equip provided by both Syrian side and JICA. h) Training for inspection, EIA and other tools of the environmental management c) Coping with the citizen's complaints. and enforcement. d) Increasing the public awareness of the citizens. e) Laboratories accreditation to get accurate data, and f) Publishing annual reports.

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Thank You for Your Attention

15

3 Project Completion Report Annex

Annex 3-8: Presentation Materials for Final Seminar

3.8.2 Damascus DFEA

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. The Capacity Development of Environmental Monitoring at Directorates • Referring to the RD singed between the government of Japan and the government Laboratory of Damascus of Syrian Arab Republic for the Capacity Development for Environmental DFEA Monitoring, JICA participated in the Air Section establishment of the central Lab in Damascus DFEA in Damascus Governorate.

The air section in the laboratory was provided with the following equipment: Three metrological monitoring stations and they were distributed in three areas in Damascus governorate: • Dummar Area: as a clean residential area. • Jobar Area: as a residential area nearby industrial area. • Salhia Area: representing the city center The above mentioned stations are measuring the following parameters: solar radiation, relative Metrological Monitoring Station humidity, wind direction, wind velocity and air solar radiation, relative humidity, wind direction, wind velocity and air temperature temperature

8 High volume samples four of them measuring the (TSP) and the other four measure PM10

Hi-Volume Sampler to measure the (PM10) Hi-Volume Sampler to measure the (TSP)

1 4 field handy samplers which measure the 4 Low volume samplers which measure following parameters (SO –O –NH-NO) 2 3 3 x PM10 less or equal 10 micron

Handy samplers to measure (SO2- O3- NH3- NOx)

8 dust jars which measure the falling dust Simple Sampler which measures during one month of installation SO2-NOx

Sampling TSP(Hi- Type Name of Dust-Jar PM10 (Hi-Vol) O3 NH3 NO2 SO2 the Notes Date Vol) of item T/km2/mon µg/m3 ppm ppm ppm ppm samplin The Environmental Monitoring 3 (months) µg/m Area g station Plan Bab Electricity Toma outlet 3-5-8-11 * * * * * traffic Square 1 Damascus Governorate was divided into areas (with the assistance of JET) representing the following Governo Electricity rate specifications: outlet 2-4-7-10 * * * * * traffic Square 2 Residential, Industrial, traffic and the Zoo. Where seven Electricity industria areas were selected to present the different outlet 2-4-7-11 * * * * * * l Qaboun 3 characteristics of Damascus and the duration of the plan Electricity industria Ibn from 1st Jan-31st Dec 2007. outlet 3-5-8-11 * * * * * * l Asaker 4 The Environmental Monitoring Plan for Damascus is Electricity residenti outlet 2-4-7-10 * * * * * * al Dummar 5 summarized in following table (measurement were taken in each location with consideration that the Electricity residenti outlet 3-5-8-11 * * * * * * al Jobar 6 measurements should covered the four seasons of the year). Electricity Eastern outlet 2-4-7-10 * * * * * * zoo Park 7

2 Some measurements for PM10 over 10 microns in the selected areas according to the monitoring plan 2007 Measurement Results the pollutants were measured in seven locations in Damascus governorate as follow: TSP(µg/m 3 ) Date of Sampling Sampling Location 181 From 17/1/2007 Jobar Some TSP measurement in the selected locations To 18/1/2007 TSP µg/m3 Date of Sampling Sampling locations 153 From 6/3/2007 Jobar 270 From 19/11/2006 Industrial Area (Qaboun) To 20/11/2006إ To 7/3/2007 178 From 8/5/2007 Industrial Area (Ibn 256 from 17/1/2007 Jobar To 9/5/2007 Asaker) To 18/1/2007 204 From 11/6/2007 Industrial Area (Qaboun) 197 From 11/6/2007 Industrial Area (Qaboun) To 12/6/2007 To 12/6/2007 211 From 26/8/2007 Jobar 154 From 4/11/2007 Jobar To 27/8/2007 To 5/11/2007 186 From 28/8/2007 Bab Toma Square 76 From 12/4/2007 Dummar To 29/8/2007 To 13/4/2007 91 From 12/4/2007 Dummar To 13/4/2007 78 From 11/6/2007 Dummar 100 From 11/6/2007 Dummar To 12/6/2007 To 12/6/2007 3 100 µg/m Allowed Limit 240µg/m3 Allowed Limit

Some Measurements for NO2 in the Some Measurements for SO2 in the selected locations according to 2007 selected locations according to 2007 monitoring paln monitoring paln

So2 (ppm) Date of Sampling Sampling location

(ppm) NO2 Date of Sampling Sampling Location 0.198 29/8/2007 Bab Toma Square 0.100 30/5/2007 Governorate Square 0.095 12/6/2007 Governorate 0.119 8/11/2007 Jobar Square 0.005 16/4/2007 Governorate 0.000 31/5/2007 Dummar Square 0.004 8/11/2007 Jobar 0.006 29/4/2007 Jobar

No2(1h)=0.105ppm Allowed Limit So2(1h)=0.132ppm Allowed Limit

Some Measurements for NH3 in the Some Measurements for O3 in the selected locations according to 2007 selected locations according to 2007 monitoring plan monitoring plan

(ppm) NH3 Date of Sampling Sampling Location (ppm) O3 Date of Sampling Sampling Location 0.006 15/5/2007 Zoo 0.002 22/5/2007 Bab Toma Square 0.007 3/10/2007 Zoo 0.005 13/6/2007 Jobar

0.006 14/12/2007 Qaboun 0.000 25/3/2007 Jobar

0.000 8/5/2007 Ibn Asaker

O3(1h)=0.08ppm Allowed limit

3 Some Measurements for Falling Dust by Dust jar in the selected locations according to 2007 • The previous measurements were monitoring plan conducted in 2007 in the training period by JET. Dust-Full Date of Sampling • The previous results showed high t/Km2/mon Sampling Location values in TSP and PM10 in most areas. 41.5 From 12/6/2007 Jobar To 13/7/2007 • The biggest values were in the 13.1 From Qaboun industrial and traffic congested areas. 12/6/2007 9.24 To From13/7/2007 Dummar • TSP, PM10 values were high in some 12/6/2007 locations due to the existence of the 24.9 To From13/7/2007 Ibn Asaker 12/6/2007 chimneys in winter. To 13/7/2007

Future Monitoring Plan Main reasons of air quality pollution in Damascus is related to: • The preliminary monitoring plan for air quality in • Traffic means. Damascus through measuring the air pollutants for several locations where Damascus was divided into • Heating means 9 areas representing the several characteristics of • Industry. the city (residential, Industrial, traffic, Zoo). • Nature of the city: shortage of • (the plan is preliminary and can be modified after the training period) green areas and parks. • The following table shows the environmental • Informal settlement areas. monitoring plan for air quality measurements for 2008

SO Sampling O 2 Dust-Jar TSP(Hi-Vol) PM10 (Hi-Vol) 3 NH3 NO2 Type date Sampling Note Pp of Item T/km2/mon µg/m3 µg/m3 ppm ppm Location Problems and Constraints (months) ppm m Area

1. Training period for air quality was short and not Electrical Traffi Bab Toma outlet Square 1 enough 1-4-7-10 * * * * * c Electrical Traffi Governorat 2. Adoption of some equipment that depend on outlet 3-6-9-12 * * * c e Square 2

absorption solutions and standard solutions which is Electrical Indus prepared in the Lab which needs several steps to be outlet 2-5-8-11 * * * * * * * trial Qaboun 3 Electrical Indus prepared which increases the fault. outlet 1-4-7-10 * * * * * * * trial Ibn Asaker 4

3. Our measurements were conducted in specific time Electrical Resid and days and doesn’t give integration outlet 3-6-9-12 * * * * * * ential Dummar 5 Electrical Resid 4. Necessity to increase the number of chemsits at the outlet 2-5-8-11 * * * * * * ential Jobar 6

laboratory Electrical Eastern outlet 1-3-6-12 * * * * * * * Zoo Park 7

Electrical Traffi Abassien outlet 2-5-8-11 * * * c Square 8

Electrical Traffi Damascus outlet 4-7-10-12 * * * c Citadel 9

4 Thanks for your attention

5 Central Laboratory at

اﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي Damascus DFEA

Central Laboratory

Atomic Absorption to measure heavy metals

Laboratory Divisions Laboratory work The analysis which can be made in the laboratory „ Referring to the RD singed between the government of the training was conducted for 14 parameters for basic Japan and the government of Syrian Arab Republic for the Capacity Development for Environmental Monitoring, JICA water quality analysis. participated in the establishment of the central Lab in Training was conducted for chemical and biological Damascus DFEA by presenting the equipment and required parameters such as Amonia, florid, total chromium, materials, the laboratory is composed of 4 divisions. cyanide. These analysis are conducted by -1 Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer to measure heavy spectrophotometer and selected electrode metals content in water. AAS As for the training for heavy metals it includes 14 elements 2- Chemical Analysis (basic, chemical and biological analysis for using furnace and flame in addition to arsenic and water quality) mercury units. 3- Air Quality analysis The data management division was trained for the data of 4- Data Management division. basic water quality analysis, chemical and biological analysis and air quality analysis.

Field Sampling Field Measurements

Activities of the C/P

Laboratory Analysis

1 Data Input

Annual Work Plan 2007 Times FREQUENCY No. OF Water Notes Locations No. of Sample Type STATIONs Samples JAN to DEC body Increase some -1 tannery 10 samples 6 times Once / 2 months -1 tannery 1- Industrial parameters 2- Ahada Asharieh Industrial 6times Once / 2 months 2- Ahada Asharieh waste water beyond the 3- Alkhomasieh Co. discharge 6 times Once / 2 months 3- Alkhomasieh Co. allowed limits water 4- Wella Factory 12 times Once/ month 4- Wella Factory 12 times Once/ month 5- FA Soap factory 5- FA Soap factory 12 times Once/ month 6- Zamzam Factory 6- Zamzam Factory 12 times Once/ month 7- Tello Factory 7- Tello Factory 12 times Once/ month 8- Javil Factory 8- Javil Factory 12 times Once/ month 9- Metal galvanizing 9- Metal galvanizing factory factory 12 times Once/ month 10- Halawehet 10- Halawehet Helwani Factoy Helwani Factory 12 times Once/ month Tora Branch 2- Rivers 12times Once/ month Daaiani Branch Covering Jobar Tora Branch 12 times Once/ month Akrabani Branch and the Daaiani Branch Rivers surrounding area Akrabani Branch

Annual Plan 2007 Heavy Metal Analysis Perio yyyy 2007 2008 d After Setting the annual monitoring plan for

Samples mm 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 2007 and commitment to it as possible due to the dense training by JET, we managed DFEA No. Name Damascus 1 ihda'ashareea a a a to monitor some parameters according to 2 wella a a a the selected sampling stations within the 3 dappaghat a a a plan and the following some results which 4 fa a a a indicates to the pollution: alarabi 5 a a a washing car 6 khomasia a a a bab sharqi 7 a a a dying 8 gallab a a a 9 zamzam a a a

2 The analysis indicated high values of the pollutants in some areas in As for the analysis when discharging to the river some analysis showed Damascus and as an example when analyzing waste water discharged to high increase in the pollutants. As an example when sampling from the the public sewage network for a beverage factory discharging point to Barad River from the metal factories

Parameter Analysis Standards Parameter Analysis Standards

350 mg/l COD 2200 mg/l 1600 mg/l COD 150 mg/l

SS 69 mg/l 500 mg/l SS 250 mg/l 30 mg/l

Temperature 28 C° 35 C° PH 7.8 6.0- 9.0

PH 10.24 6.5-9.5 NH3-N 44 mg/l 5 mg/l

NH3-N - 100 mg/l PO4 13.5 mg/l 14 mg/l

PO4 40 mg/l 20 mg/l DO 14.14 mg/l 4 mg/l

mm - yy June - '07 Administration No. 0706-10 Name of DFEA (or Client)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Std- dr Uni Item QL alarabi /Std- bab sharqi t ihda'ashareea wella dappaghat fa washing khomasia dc dying The DFEA of Damascus is trying to achieve the following car through the operation plan - Ag 0.002 mg/l ○ <0.002 ○ <0.002 ○ <0.002 ○<0.002 ○<0.002 ○ <0.002 ○<0.002 / 0.05 1- Capacity Development for Sampling and analysis 0.2 Al 0.005 mg/l 0.077 1.6 1.8 1.8 4.4 1.2 0.79 / 1 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ 2- Management and operation of the Laboratory

0.01 As 0.005 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3- Administration of Environmental Monitoring Data / 0.1 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

0.7 4- Planning and implementation of the Environmental Ba 0.5 mg/l ○ <0.5 ○ <0.5 ○ <0.5 ○ <0.5 ○ 0.6 ○ <0.5 ○ <0.5 /1 Monitoring 0.003 Cd 0.0001 mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0019 <0.0001 <0.0001 / 0.01 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ 5- Data Publication and Environmental Education

0.05 Cr 0.001 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 >5.0 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 / 0.5 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

1 Cu 0.5 mg/l 1.7 1.0 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 / 1 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

1 Fe 0.25 mg/l 1.2 1.6 21 4.6 16 <0.25 0.48 / 0.3 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

0.001 Hg 0.0005 / mg/l ○ 0.0007 ○ 0.0008 ○ 0.0009 ○0.0007 ○0.0010 ○ 0.0014 ○0.0007 0.005

Activities of the Central Lab „ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻋﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎت ﻓﻲ آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺨﻄﺔ ﺗﻢ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻻﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ „ Training other DFEA staff on the analysis وﺗﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﺬري and so we publish our skills to others „ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ Continue participation in the program of „ واﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺷﺆون اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰال AEC for QA/QC and we will continue in اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻼم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ .2008 ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت OM manual for the laboratory will be used „ with the continuous inventory for the reagents and chemicals at the Lab.

3 Difficulties and constraints for the Priority Environmental Issues within Central Lab Damascus DFEA

„ Difficulties to deal with the water distillation unit existed in the Lab because it needs long time for monitoring as well as its 1. Studying the EIA for the activities within Damascus capacity is not enough to cover the daily needs of the Lab. Governorate. „ Experience shortage in dealing with the selected electrode 2. Monitoring all activities which have impact to check their equipment commitment to the standards. „ Necessity to follow up the WWTP in the Lab. 3. Granting the environmental licenses for the activities in „ There is a need for power generator due to the power failure Damascus depending on law No.50 and by law „ There is a need to have CD copier and scanner associated with 4. Supervising the laboratory work at the DFEA and training the the data management computer. staff to be ready for any emergency work „ Shortage in the technical qualified staff 5. Conducting other required works to keep the environment „ There is a need to expand the lab area due to the increase in clean within Damascus Area. the laboratory work.

6. Identification all Environmental problems in Damascus related to water, air, solid wastes and chemical safety in coordination and cooperation with the related agencies to find solutions to deal with them. 7. Respecting the laws and regulations issued by the ministry and the environmental standards in Syria. 8. Conducting Public awareness and environmental education within Damascus Governorate Thank you for your attention 9. Participation in the studies and researches to keep the with the compliments of Damascus DFEA environment clean 10. Other functions related to the safety of environment which other departments are not responsible for. 11. Administrative, legal and financial Mandate of the DFEA

4 Project Completion Report Annex

Annex 3-8: Presentation Materials for Final Seminar

3.8.3 Damascus Countryside DFEA

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. The Capacity Development of Environmental Monitoring at Directorates • The laboratory was established in DAMC DFEA in 2005 and it has at that time 6 staff who have no previous DFEA in experience in the environmental field. • JET provided the Lab with basic water quality analysis Damascus Countryside • In addition to the reagents and required tools for the laboratory work.

• GCEA provided DAMC with mobile equipment for air quality such as stuck gas, diameter and PH Meter concentration of dust , measurement of gases within the environment of the work, etc. Measurement in the Mobile Lab

أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻬﻮاء

• JET started the theoretical training through lectures to the laboratory staff. • Then training started on the usage of equipment and sampling in addition to field measurements.

JET Lectures

1 • Training was conducted at the DFEA Lab for the following parameters • TUR • Color • SS • COD • BOD • NO3 • PO4 • CL • NH3 Field Measurements Sampling

Practical training in the Lab

• The training continued in 2007 for basic water • The training continued in 2006 and quality analysis and concentrated for QA/QC by concentrated for QA/QC in addition for using standard solutions, while other parameters reagent storage and other related matters were added to the training program for biological and chemical analysis using the • Training concentrated on Data spectrophotometer and oil content meter Management and how to keep the analysis results.

• The work was developed in the DFEA and the capacities increased in sampling and analyzing and usage of standards solutions for QA/QC. • The capacity increased as well in the data interpretation and preparation of the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

Spectrophotometer Oil content meter

2 250 • Number of Samples • Damascus countryside governorate has 200 collected in 2005 is 33 more over than 16,000 industrial 150 while in 2006 become establishments varying textile, chemical, 100 133 and the number

engineering, etc. and they are distributed 50 was in 2007 to the in the governorate randomly. date 227 samples. 0 2005 2006 2007

• The Damascus Countryside Governorate is facing a real problem from sewerage where this water is directly discharged to surrounding 50% environment where farmers are receiving it and 45% 40% use it for irrigation which caused the pollution of 35% ground water and to stop many ground water 30% wells which are used for drinking due to the 25% 20% increase in the Nitrite content. 15% • Water discharges from the hospitals and 10% 5% touristic activities without any treatment. 0% Textile Engineering

• Due to the DFEA works during the previous period: • Many companies started the installation of waste water treatment plants. And they tried as well to apply the environmental management tools in some establishments.

Sewerage

3 2007 2006 year • The DFEA procured GC, AAS and the DFEA 7.3 11.9 PH are under training now, in addition a new • Changes in water quality mobile lab to measure the air quality 9500 8226 TDS parameter results for some factories (one of • The total amount of the above mentioned 172 22625 COD the chemical factories equipment is 25 millions sp paid from the DFEA budget. 80 4000 BOD

0.8 25.8 NO3

1050 5283 CL

Air quality mobile Lab Connecter of the mobile lab when transporting

AAS Cabinet for Chemical Reagents Front of air quality mobile lab

4 Obstacles of the Lab work

• -Staff is not stabilized • One driver only 12

10 • No incentive for the 8 laboratory staff 6 • Laboratory 4 accreditation by the 2

0 high supreme for 2005 2006 2007 environment GC Changes in the number of protection Laboratory staff

We propose for the next phase • Necessity of Laboratory accreditation especially basic water quality analysis • Increasing the laboratory staff • Giving the laboratory staff incentives • Increasing the capacity of the laboratory staff by training Thanks for your attention them the expected pollutants from each type of industry • Training course for reagents preparation • Training the laboratory staff for the safety of the laboratory.

5 Project Completion Report Annex

Annex 3-8: Presentation Materials for Final Seminar

3.8.4 Allepo DFEA

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. The Capacity Development of Environmental Monitoring at Directorates The Capacity Development of Objective of the project and Environmental Monitoring at current situation Directorates for Environmental Affairs in * this project purposes for monitoring Governorates in S.A.R wastewater basically resulted from industries in Aleppo Governorate Monitoring domestic water Aleppo DFEA * * Monitoring Air Quality in Aleppo City * Number of employees in DFEA is 26 * 6 of them work in the lab for water & air JICA quality and data management (full and part time)

Water Quality Activity Water Quality Activity Water lab equip.

JICA Experts: Mr. MATSUE Mr. SATO Field Spectro TDS ,EC meter Turbidity meter Mr. SAKAE Counterparts: Chemist Ahmad Ahmad Chloride meter BOD incubator PH meter Mr. Mohammad Hamade Eng. Mohammad Rasheed

Refrigerators for Oil content meter saving samples COD incubator

Water Quality Activity Parameters to be measured Water Quality Activity 1- weather, 2- air temperature, 3- water temperature, 4- width of sampling station, 5- water depth of sampling station, 6- flow rate speed, 7- odor, 8- pH, 9- color, 10- dissolved salts, From the beginning of the project until now, Aleppo 11- TSS, 12- COD, 13- BOD, 14- NO3, 15- NO2, 16- PO4, DFEA has carried out the following activities: 17- CL-, 18- ammonia, 19- EC, 20- turbidity, 21- DO, Water quality:

odor – pH – Color – TDS – SS – COD – BOD – NO2 – NO3 – PO4 – 1- industrial wastewater:96 samples (different industries) Cl – EC – DO - Turbidity 2- domestic wastewater: 4 samples (TSP) We measured the following parameters in the last stage of the project: 3- underground water: 4 (Wells)

1- SO4, 2- detergents, 3- Mg hardness, 4- Ca hardness, 5- total hardness, 6- hexavalent chromium, 7- total chromium

1 Water Quality Activity Water Quality Activity some Environmental Monitoring results some Environmental Monitoring results

Chromium Chromium Hardness Hardness Hardness Detergents Sulfide Cl TDS DO PO4 COD BOD PH Factory total Cr6+ Total Ca Mg Factory اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻔﺎت ﻗﺴﺎوة اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺰﻳﻮم ﻗﺴﺎوة اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮم اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺮوم اﻟﺴﺪاﺳﻲ اﻟﻜﺮوم اﻟﻜﻠﻲ Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L

0.001 0.001 95 12 83 0.91 0.012 Aleppo TSP 451 1028 4.5 5.7 1507 622 11.2 Medicine factory 15 m3/day 0.001 0.001 68.0 27 68 0.051 0.51 Tannery in Sheikh 633 1238 2.3 175 1306 718 10.6 Detergents factory Said 40 m3/day 0.001 0.001 56.0 0.4 56 0.037 0.001 Well in Al-Ramouse 8440 16958 2.5 50.7 7290 5320 13 Tannery

3 300 m /day 2 0.1 - - - 5.0 2 Syrian Standard

600 2000 >4 20 1600 800 -6.5 Syrian Standard 9.5

Water Quality Activity Air Quality Activity sampling & field and lab analyzing JICA Experts Mr. HIRAU

Counterparts: Eng. Ilia Wasel Eng. Dina Ghareeb Eng. Kholoud Ouayed Chemist Mahmoud Ismael

Air Quality Activity Air Quality Activity Air lab equipments: pollutants which can be measured: NOx ,SO2 , NH3 , O3 , PM10 ,DUST, TSP 3 meteorological stations were installed in (city center, Shkayyef, Sheikh Said) which can measure (wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, solar radiation, and Electrical & normal dryer SO2,NO2,O3,NH3 Sampler Spectrophotometer temperature) 8 locations in Aleppo city were selected to measure the above mentioned pollutants, which represent traffic, industrial, and residential areas, in addition to a reference point. these locations are: (wastewater treatment plant in Al Ramouse, Electric store in Sheikh Said, the museum in the Glassware holder LOW VOLUM Sampler Reagents, glassware city center, university square, Trab Alhullok Street, Shkayyef, Kafar Hmra, and the DFEA)

Balances HI VOLUM Sampler Simple sampler

2 Air Quality Activity Air Quality Activity some Environmental Monitoring results some Environmental Monitoring results

(SO2: 1hr) Sampling points of PM10 with concentrations Sampling points of NO in some areas, pollution map (NO2: 1hr) 0.14 2 0.12 Standard 0.12 0.1 Standard （1hr） (Aleppo: 2007) （1hr） 0.1 (0.132ppm) 600 0.08 (0.105ppm) 0.08 500 0.06 0.06 400 Standard 0.04 0.04 SO2濃度 (ppm) （24hr） 300 NO2濃度 (ppm) 0.02 0.02 (0.047ppm) 200 0 0 100 .µg/m3) PM10 Conc) اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ – ﺣﻲ ﺳﻜﻨﻲ DFEA- DFEA- Kafar Kafar Kafar Kafar DFEA- DFEA- Kafar Kafar Kafar Kafar West East Hamra N Hamra S Hamra E Hamra NE 0 West East Hamra N Hamra S Hamra E Hamra NE 1 0.100 Residence area 測定地点 測定地点 0.147 0.050 0.036 0.030 (Aleppo: 2007) 0.100 Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Sulfur dioxide SO2 600 500 0.06 0.024 0.01 0 0.04 (Aleppo: 19 to 20 June 2007) 400 8 (Low-Vol. Luly 4 - July 11, 2007) 0 PM10 TSP (Hi-Vol July 4-5, 2007) 0.050 0.02 500 600 600 300 0.03 5 500 500 200 0.03 0.024 0.03 400 6 0 400 400 100 2 PM10 Conc. (µg/m3) PM10 Conc. 0.030 300 0 0.024 0.087 ﻣﺴﺘﻮدع اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء – اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ 300 300 Standard (24hr) 1 200 (TSP: 240 µg/m3) 200 200 Electric storage 0.03 0.070 9 PM10 Conc. (µg/m3) Conc. PM10 100

100 PM10Conc.(µg/m3) SPM Conc. (µg/m3) SPM 100 Standard (24hr) 0.080 3 0 0 Standard (24hr) (Aleppo: 2007) 0.068 0 (PM10: 100 µg/m ) 3 600 Cereals Electric Residence Cereals Electric Residence(PM10: 100 µg/m ) DFEA Storage for Museum Dying factory storage area factory storage area 500 0.050 0.053 Elec. factory Monitoring Points Measuring Points Measurement points 400 ﻣﻄﺤﻨﺔ ﺣﺒﻮب – اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ 300 0.021 TSP and PM10 200 ﻣﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ PM10 concentration 100 PM10 Comc. (µg/m3)PM10Comc. 0 1 Cereals Factory اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ - اﻟﺘﺮاآﻴﺰ (Low-Vol (July 4 –11, 2007) : Hi-Vol (July 4 – 5, 2007 :

Air Quality Activity some Environmental Monitoring results Data Management activities – meteorological stations- JICA Experts: (Aleppo: Downtown) (Aleppo: Downtown) 50.0 100 Mrs. HANAE

40.0 80

30.0 60 Maximum Mr. TAKAHASHI Maximum Average 20.0 40 Minimum Minimum Average (%) Humidity 10.0 20 Solar Radiation Solar (℃) 0.0 0 Counterparts: 1357911131517192123 1 3 5 7 9 1113151719212325272931 -10.0 Date Time Eng. Ilia Wasel temperature humidity

(Aleppo: Downtown) (Aleppo: Downtown) 25.0 50.0 ƒ All data of water and air quality analyses are put in regular 20.0 40.0 records, and stored in special files in the PC of Data 15.0 Maximum 30.0 Management Average 10.0 20.0 Maximum Minimum Average Minimum Wind Velocity (m/s) Velocity Wind 5.0 10.0 ƒ meteorological data are collected periodically and saved in

Wind Rose Solar Radiation (℃) 0.0 0.0 special files, so that it can be treated and used when 1 3 5 7 9 1113151719212325272931 1 3 5 7 9 1113151719212325272931 -10.0 Date Date analyzing air pollutants concentrations Wind velocity solar radiation ƒ Data is sent to GCEA periodically by CDs until completion of networking connection with GCEA

Main problems, difficulties need solutions Suggestions and recommendations The main problems that face lab work and Environmental monitoring in Aleppo DFEA are: Some suggestions to solve the problems in the Governorate: 1- big number of industrial establishments which 1- encourage the manufactures to follow new production methods and use friendly techniques to the Environment to pollute the Environment, and spread on a huge reduce wastes resulted from their establishments and area the matter which affect implementation of aware them about the pollution comes from their EMP negatively establishments. 2- set a special budget for lab materials and incentives 2- shortage in staff especially chemists 3- increase the number of qualified staff (especially chemists) 3- networking connection between Aleppo DFEA 4- increase the number of air pollution parameters and the and GCEA is not available currently time of training on them

3 The future plan future results – data - connection The Capacity Development of Environmental Monitoring at Directorates for 1- Data of Environmental Monitoring results is accumulated in excel sheets in the DFEA and GCEA Environmental Affairs in Governorates in 2- completing the connection between DFEA and GCEA to S.A.R exchange information and data 2005 - 2007 3- participate in the AEC program to accredit our lab Aleppo DFEA 4- prepare an annual future plan to monitor pollution resources 5- a new system to store information and analyses data was set 6- issue a report about the environmental situations in the sampling areas JICA 7- applying public awareness against the dangers using these results

4 Project Completion Report Annex

Annex 3-8: Presentation Materials for Final Seminar

3.8.5 Homs DFEA

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. The Capacity Development of Environmental Monitoring at Directorates

The project on Capacity Building of Environment Monitoring at Homs DFEA

By Director of Homs DFEA Director of Laboratories at Homs DFEA Homs DFEA building

2 1

ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻤﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻜﺎﻟﻭ Organisation Organisational Chart of Lab directorate Charts ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ ﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺳﻬﺎ ﻧﺪى م. ﺣﻨﺎن داﺋﺮة اﻟﺸﺆون داﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ داﺋﺮة ﺳﻼﻣﺔاﻟﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻨﺪو داﺋﺮة اﻷﺛﺮ ﻧﻔﻮج اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ داﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮ اﻹدارﻳﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ واﻹﺣﺼﺎء رﺋﻴﺲ داﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ واﻹﺻﺤﺎح ﻣﻨﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ مواﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ . ﻋﻴﺴﻰ واﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ م. ﺷﺬى اﻟﻨﻘﺮي م. ﺑﺸﺮى اﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺻﻠﻴﺒﻲ ك. ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ك. ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻔﺤﻞ م.إﻳﺎد ﻋﻠﻮش ااﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﻌﺪ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺸﺆون ﺷﻌﺒﺔ إدارة ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻄﻮارئ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﺧﻴﺺ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻀﻼت اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ورﺻﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدع واﻟﺬاﺗﻴﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ م. ﻣﺜﺎل م. ﻟﻴﻨﺪا اﻟﺘﻠﻮث م. ﻧﻮال اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻏﺎدة ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ رﺋﻴﺲ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ رﺋﻴﺲ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮا ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ م. آﻮﺛﺮ ادرﻳﺲ اﺑﺮاهﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻲ ﺣﺎﻃﻮم ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ هﺪﺑﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ك. ﺳﻨﺎء ﻣﻨﺼﻮر م. رﺷﺎ روﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﺪﻳﻮان ادرﻳﺲ م. ﻧﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ م. رﺷﺎ واﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻻﻧﺎ ﺣﻨﻮن اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ م. ﻏﺎدة ﻣﺴﺘﻮد اﻟﻌﺎم ﺧﻮﻟﺔ ﺣﻮري اﻷراﺿﻲ م. هﻼ ﺟﺮوس ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن م. اﻟﻬﻮاء آﻤﺎل ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﺑﺮاهﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ روﻣﻴﺔ ع رﺋﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺎرك مم.. وﺳﻴﻢ اﺑﺮاهﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ م. ﺷﻌﺒﺔرﺑﻰ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﻠﻮى م. ﺳﻼﻣﺔﺳﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ م. روﻻ واﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻋﻮاد م. دﻋﺪ اﻵﻟﻴﺎت ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎنﻣﻨﺎل ﺷﻌﺒﺔ آﺎﺳﻮحاﺑﺮاهﻴﻢ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ م.ﺷﺬىاﻻدارة ﺻﻨﻴﺐ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ م. ﻗﻤﺮﻳﺔ اﺳﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳ م. اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ رﻳﻤﺎ ﺣﻴﺪر اﻟﺤﺴﻦ واﻟﻠﻮازﻣﺤﺎﺳﺐ هﻨﺎدي زﻳﺪاناﻟﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﻮع ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ورﺻﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺮدي هﺒﺔ اﻵﻟﻴﺎت م. ﺣﺴﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ب ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ م. ﻏﺎﻧﻢ ﻣﺎري اﻟﻐﺎﻧﻢ م. اﻟﺘﻠﻮث ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ماﻟﻤﺤﺮو ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن اﻟﺤﻴﻮي اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﻴﺒﺌﻲ م. رﺷﺎ ﻗﺼﺎب ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻣﺮاﻗﺐاﷲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ م. ﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ م. اﻟﺰﻋﻴﻢﻣﻨﺎح اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ م. ﻓﺎﺗﻦ هﺮﻣﻮش م. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻴﻮﺳﻒ ﻗﺎتﻓﺆاد اﻟﻤﻘﺴﻢ رﺑﺎ ﺻﺎرم - م. ﻓﺮاس م. ﻧﻬﻠﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻹﺣﺼﺎء ﻋﺒﺎرةاﻟﺪوام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻧﺼﺎر مك.. ﺳﻨﺎء ﻗﺼﻲ واﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮات م. راﻣﻴﺎ اﻟﺨﻮﻟﻲ م. ﻗﺼﻲ اﻟﻴﻮﺳﻒ م. اﻋﺘﺪال اﻟﻌﻮض م. اﻋﺘﺪال اﻟﻌﻮض رﻳﻢﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻟﻪاﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠ رﺣﻤﺔ ﺑﻜﺎر اﻟﻌﺒﺪ اﷲ زﻗﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر م.ﻳﺎرا ﻓﺆاد م. ﻃﻼل اﻟﻌﻠﻲ – وإدارةﻓﺮز إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﺳﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ م.م ﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺪ م. ﻟﻴﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ م.م رﺷﺎ ﺟﺒﻮر م.م رﺷﺎ ﺟﺒﻮر يﻋﺒﺎرةادرﻳﺲ م. ﺳﺤﺮ م. ﻣﺮﻳﻢ م. ﻓﺎﺗﻦ ﻃﺤﻮﻣﻲ دﻳﺎﻻ ﺳ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎت م.أﺣﻤﺪاﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮ واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ م . أﺣﻤﺪ آﻔﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠ م. هﺒﺔ زﻳﺘﻮن – ﻓﺮز إﻟﻰ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ هﺮﻣﻮش م.م ﻧﺪاء ﻃﻮﻏﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﺘﺎم ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻏﻄﺎس- ا ﺷﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻞ م. ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎري ي م. ﻣﻄﺎﻧﻴﻮس م. ﻋﺒﻮد ﻓﺎدﻳﺎ– ﻓﺮز ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﺮع اﻟﺤﺰب م. آﻔﺎ راﻣﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺳﻮﻳﺪاﻟﻤﻨﺠﺪ ﺋ م. اﻋﺘﺪال ﺣﺴﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻮل - رﻳﻢ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺮﻓﺎن –ﺧﻮريﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺨﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺧﺰاﻣﻰ ﻗ اﻟﻌﻮض ﻏﻔﺮان ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺐ ﻳ م. اﻟﻴﺴﺎر آﺴﺎب – ﻓﺮ زإﻟﻰ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ زﻳﺪل م. ﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد راﻧﻴﺎ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ – رﺷﺎ ﺟﺒﻮر أﺗﺎﺳﻲ ن رﻳﻢ ﻋﻮﻳﻀﺔ – إﺟﺎزة ﺑﻼ أﺟﺮ ﻋﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻴﻮﺳﻒ روﻻ ﻋﺎد - ﻧﺪاء ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن م. ﻣﻨﺎل ﻋﺠﻤﻴﺔ – ﻓﺮز إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻃﺮﻃﻮس ﺣﻼوﻳﻚ دﻻل اﺑﻮ أﺳﻌﺪ ﻃﻮﻏﺎﺟﻲ م.م ﻋﺎﺋﺪة ﺣﻼوﻳﻚ ﻗﺴﻮات م. ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ – ﻓﺮز إﻟﻰ ﺳﻤﻴﺢ اﻟﺤﺎج م.م ﻧﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻌﻤﺔ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ 4 3

Priority topics of Environment in Homs

1- the contamination related to fertilisers factory and Kattina lake contamination The factory complex is consisted of 3 facilities

TSP plant A V plant C. A . N .plant

150 ﻃﻦ /ﻳﻮم أﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎ 1000 ﻃﻦ أﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎ / ﻳﻮم 2×850 ﻃﻦ / ﻳﻮم ﺣﻤﺾ آﺒﺮﻳﺖ 120 *2 ﻃﻦ/ﻳﻮم ﺣﻤﺾ اّزوت 1050 ﻃﻦ ﻳﻮرﻳﺎ / ﻳﻮم 600 ﻃﻦ / ﻳﻮم ﺣﻤﺾ ﻓﻮﺳﻔﻮر P2O5 %100 1500 ﻃﻦ /ﻳﻮم ﺳﻤﺎد ﺳﻮﺑﺮ ﻓﻮﺳﻔﺎت ﺛﻼﺛﻲ

T .S .P

6 5

1 2- To soil The fertiliser factory emits pollutants to; 1- Air • Fluoric compounds • So2, and SO3 • Nox N2O • ﻣﺮآﺒﺎت ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺔ Radon • T.S.P dust • Dolomite dust ﻏﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﺎم

ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺛﻘﻴﻠﺔ وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺸﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﺳﻔﻮ ﺟﺒﺴﻮم ﺣﻤﻮض ﺣﺮة

وﺳﺎﺋﻂ آﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ و ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺛﻘﻴﻠﺔ

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2- contamination caused by Oil refinery 3- To Water

Caused by VOC, and H2S Contamination of water with oil and grease Contamination of soil with oil and grease and hydrocarbons Waste water discharged to Contamination with coal Orontes river

ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺮات Contamination of ground water by Nitrate

Organic Kettina Lake To Orontes river water substances, contaminati on by P, N contamination and algae

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4- water contamination of smaller towns 3- Odors in Homs City

Sewage Treatment algae Surface water No treatment contamination with facilities plant P, N

Problems in Sludge treatment Ground water contamination with P,N

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2 6- contamination by Solid Waste 5- Contamination by Medical waste

Contamination by solid Contamination waste by medical waste Current landfill not Controlled landfill sufficient

No proper landfill

Bad treatment and No safe landfill Bad collection and no incineration Contamination of ground sites transportation water by Leachate facilities

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The skills of DFEA staff 7- contamination by olive oil processing factories waste water The staff capacity of Homs DFEA is good, there is some space for improvement The effluent of such facilities contain 1- chemical interventions - Phenol - High COD 2- QA, and QC which will - High TKN require further capacity all cause the contamination of soil, surface and ground water development

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Lab status, equipment, chemicals and Self Training and Capacity building within JICA reagents inventory management project - operation, use of SOPs, chemicals and 1- English courses reagents management is good 2- course by Atomic Energy Commission on AAS - Maintenance 3- Continuous and on the Job - The staff has to acquire information on training calibration, and maintenance management 4- cooperation and - Supplier has to undertake regular check during coordination with the warranty period 4-5 times / year and conduct directorate of training to necessary maintenance take any available training opportunity offered to DFEA 5- PC courses

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3 Suggestions to improve the performance of Environmental Monitoring DFEA Monitoring of pollution sources is just one of the 1- improvement of preparation of standard responsibilities of the DFEA, so performance is affected by other responsibilities which are solutions by procurement of water deionizer 1- Environmental inspection 2- procurement of AAS to analyse heavy metals 2- EIA resulting from fertilisers and oil refinery 3- handling complaints industries… etc. 3- more budget from GCEA to procure reagents for Some air monitoring equipment need constant air quality monitoring electrical power supply, and this is not always available and affecting air quality monitoring 4- more budget from GCEA for transportation 5- to ask JICA to provide soil analysis lab Other handy equipment, are easier to utilise, and work fine

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„ Training duration on air quality monitoring was Comments on Air quality short, specially knowing that staff had no monitoring experience before in the Efficiency of Equipment provided by JICA filed - Method is credible „ The training didn’t cover - Requires long time for preparation of solutions and NH3/HF/H2S/O3 reagents „ As air pollution is a - Requires staff for transportation of solutions to and from complicated science, and the field measurements vary from - Requires long time to measure absorbance using the season to season, and spectrophotometer related to climate… we - To improve the performance we suggest the provision of need more training, as more handy samplers (12 for instance) IN ORDER TO the training provided COVER THE REQUIRED AREA didn’t cover these Passive samplers can only measure NO/NO2/NOx, we need complications similar samplers to measure O3, NH3, SO2, SO3 22 21

Capacity Building within JICA Project Air Quality standards (example)

0.16 100 0.14 80 0.12 0.1 60 0.08 NO2(ppm) P.M10 0.06 40 0.04 20 0.02 0 0 ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻨﻮي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﺎﻋﺔ

250 0.2 0.18 200 0.16 0.14 150 0.12 0.1 TSP SO2 100 0.08 0.06 50 0.04 0.02 0 0 ﺳﻨﻮي ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ 1 دﻗﺎﺋﻖ 10 ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻨﻮي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ

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4 8 (Kattina) 7 )

s 6 C CCC Homs-Kattina (Aug. 20-31, 2006) 5 (Homs-Kattina: Aug. 20-31, 2006) 4 3 N 350.0 2 Wind Velocity (m/ 40.0 1 NNW NNE 300.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829

30.0 Time NW NE 250.0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 (254 5 June 6 7 - 8 269 10June) 11 12 13 14 Temp. Humi. 40 25 June 26 June 80 20.0 200.0 35 70 WNW ENE 30 60 )

150.0 ℃ 25 50 10.0 20 40 umi umi (%)

15 30 H Temp (

Frequency (No.) Frequency 100.0 10 20 W 0.0 E 5 10 0 0 50.0 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 WSW ESE 0.0 25 June 26 June <0.2 0.3- 0.6- 1.0- 2.0- 4.0- 6.0- >8.0 (Unit: ppb) SW SE 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 N Wind Scale (m/s) SSW SSE 200 S 298 200

100 100 (Homs-Kattina: Sep. 2006) Homs-Kattina (Sep. 2006) 50 350 122 N 20 300 50 NNW 30.0 NNE 59 3 25.0 250 20 NW 20.0 NE 26 15.0 200 8 WNW 10.0 ENE 18 150 32 23 10 20 5.0 11 9 11 100 6 W 0.0 E (No.) Frequency 6 10 50 4 19 10 11 6 3 6 10 WSW ESE 5 0 4 6 4 SW SE <0.2 0.3- 0.6- 1.0- 2.0- 4.0- 6.0- >8.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 SSW SSE Wind Scale (m/s) S

NO2 Map of Kattina5 using6 Passive samplers10 26 25

Kattina: Aug 21, 2006 - Jun 27, 2007 40 Max. Min. Average 35 30

25 20 15 10 Temperature (℃） Temperature 5 0 Ma

-5 Aug Sep Date

Figure 2.2 Daily change of the maximum, minimum and average temperature

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(Case 1) (He: 100m) A B C D E F G C (m3/m3) 0.250 Gaseous matter ※Pollutant concentration in main stream σ (m) z σy U (m/s) (m) 0.200 Gaseous matter and SPM (PM10)

0.150 Cmax He Dust fall Ho 0.100 Z (m) x (m) Forecast point

Pollutant Conc. (ppm) Pollutant 0.050 Figure 2.3 Image of the atmospheric dispersion model

0.000 100 1000 10000 100000 Leeward Distance from a Fixed Source Figure-3(1) Relation between Atmospheric Stability and Pollutant Conc. (He: 100m)

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5 Air Monitoring Results of March Orontes River Monitoring Results 2007 (ppb) 9 „ We measure the following 8 7 parameters and compare 6 45 5 40 اﻷﻧﻬﺎر 4 against standards 3 2 35 „ pH 1 0 PH min PH max PO4 NH3 30 „ EC 25 Nox „ TDS 20 NO2 „ NO2 160 15 NO 140 „ NO3 120 10 100 80 5 اﻷﻧﻬﺎر PO4 „ 60 „ S 40 0 20 ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 0 „ COD BOD COD NO3

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1200

1000

800 Standards of allowed disposed SO4 600 E.C sewage to rivers 400 TDS COD 200

0 before lake after lake after fertiliser factory 10 2000 1800 18 8 1600 16 1400 6 1200 14 1000 ﻣﻨﺼﺮﻓﺎت ﻣﻨﺼﺮﻓﺎت 12 4 800 10 600 8 NH3 2 400 200 6 NO3 0 0 4 PO4 PH min PH max COD BOD TDS SO4 NH3 2 0 before after lake after lake ferilizer factory 34 33

Thank you for your attention

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