Illet» - En Undersøkelse Av PFU-Sak 136/09

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Illet» - En Undersøkelse Av PFU-Sak 136/09 «Det klare skillet» - En undersøkelse av PFU-sak 136/09 Frøydis Johannessen Masteroppgave i journalistikk Universitetet i Oslo, Institutt for medier og kommunikasjon 10.05.2012. «Det klare skillet» - En undersøkelse av PFU-sak 136/09 Forord Først og fremst vil jeg takke veileder Robert W. Vaagan, som har vært betydningsfull for meg under hele masterstudiet. Robert- jeg setter stor pris på det engasjement og den sjenerøsitet du viser overfor dine studenter. Takk til Blå Kors for at de klaget VG inn for Pressens Faglige Utvalg (PFU), og dermed skapte sak 136/09 som hele oppgaven bygger på. Saken retter søkelyset mot viktige presseetiske problemstillinger og har vært fascinerende å undersøke. Takk til Blå Kors’ tidligere generalsekretær Geir Gundersen og informasjonssjef Steinar Glimsdal, som begge har vært svært imøtekommende. Jeg vil også takke øvrige informanter; tidligere sjefsredaktør i VG, Bernt Olufsen, PFUs leder, Hilde Haugsgjerd og generalsekretær i Norsk Presseforbund, Per Edgar Kokkvold. Gjennom hele studiet har jeg hatt glede og nytte av mine medstudenter og venner. Takk til alle som har lyttet til frustrasjoner, invitert på kaffe eller delt sin kunnskap om hva diskursanalyse egentlig er. Jeg vil spesielt fremheve Ida Elise Einarsdottir og Linn De Lange. Takk til arbeidsgiver Actis for etterlengtet studiepermisjon, og til kollegaer Christoffer Vestli og Kjersti Aastad for uvurderlig praktisk hjelp. I «Det klare skillet» - En undersøkelse av PFU-sak 136/09 Sammendrag I denne oppgaven har jeg gjennomført en undersøkelse av sak 136/09 i Pressens Faglige Utvalg (PFU). I 2009 klaget rusorganisasjon Blå Kors inn avisen Verdens Gang(VG) for pressens klageorgan PFU. Blå Kors hevdet at VG brøt god presseskikk da deres vinspalter hadde for mange likhetstrekk med reklame. PFU behandlet saken i henhold til eget etisk regelverk nedskrevet i Vær-varsom plakaten og Tekstreklameplakaten. Blå Kors fikk ikke medhold. Denne oppgavens problemstilling er derfor: Hvorfor tapte Blå Kors? For å finne svar på problemstillingen har jeg valgt et kvalitativt forskningsdesign der jeg analyserer saksdokumentene for å avdekke hvilke diskurser som gjør seg gjeldende hos sakens 3 parter; klager, innklaget avis og klageorgan. Intervjuer med de involverte partene sikrer en metodetriangulering. Sentralt i oppgaven står formuleringen «Det klare skillet» hentet fra PFUs regelverk. Formuleringen viser til et klart skille mellom redaksjonell omtale og reklame i norsk presse. Masteroppgaven vil vise at «det klare skillet» er subjektivt definert hos sakens 3 parter. Mine funn viser at Blå Kors tapte sak 136/09 fordi deres definisjon av «det klare skillet» ikke korrelerer med Pressens Faglige Utvalgs egen definisjon. Abstract The thesis is an examination of case 136/09 in The Norwegian Press Complaints Commission. In 2009, the Norwegian Blue Cross made a formal complaint against the Norwegian newspaper VG. The Blue Cross claimed that the editorial reviews of wine were too much like advertisements. The commission did not rule in favor of The Blue Cross. This thesis subsequently poses the question: Why was the ruling not in favor of The Blue Cross? In order to answer this question, I have chosen a qualitative research design. I have analyzed the documents portraying to this particular case in order to discover the discourses relevant to the ruling. Interviews with The Blue Cross, the newspaper VG and The Norwegian Press Complaints Commission secure a triangulation of methods. The notion that there is «a clear separation» between editorial content and advertising is challenged in this thesis. The results show that the separation between editorial content and advertising is a matter of opinion. Furthermore, the empirical evidence in this thesis proves that the ruling was not in favor of The Blue Cross because their opinion of what constitutes the separation between editorial content and advertising differed from that of The Norwegian Press Complaints Commission. II «Det klare skillet» - En undersøkelse av PFU-sak 136/09 Innhold Forord ....................................................................................................................................................................... I 1. INNLEDNING ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Blå Kors anklager VG for brudd på god presseskikk ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Både butikk og katedral ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Problemstilling og forskningsspørsmål ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Bakgrunn for problemstilling ....................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Oppgavens avgrensinger............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Presentasjon av de 3 partene i sak 136/09 ................................................................................................... 5 1.4.1 Blå Kors ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Verdens Gang ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.4.3 Pressens Faglige Utvalg .............................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Oppgavens struktur ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2. METODE .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Valg av metode ............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2. Utvalg av tekster; et stratifisert utvalg ...................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Primærutvalg- valg av case ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Sekundærutvalg ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 De kvalitative intervjuene ........................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Deltagende observasjon; utfordringer i egen objektivitet.......................................................................... 13 2.5 Diskuranalyse; en induktiv metode ............................................................................................................ 14 2. 5.1 Hvilken diskurs tilhører vinspaltene? ........................................................................................ 15 2.6 Utfordringer i metodevalg .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.6.1 Manglende generalisering ........................................................................................................ 16 2.6.2 Manglende reliabilitet .............................................................................................................. 17 2.7 Oppsummering av kapittel 2 ...................................................................................................................... 18 3. TEORETISKE PERSPEKTIVER ............................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Historien bak norsk alkoholpolitikk og reklameforbudets opphav ............................................................. 19 3.1.1 Historisk tilbakeblikk ................................................................................................................ 19 3.1.2 Reklameforbudet blir til ............................................................................................................ 21 3.1.3 Kritikk av reklameforbudet ....................................................................................................... 22 3.1.4 Alkohol i dagens Norge ............................................................................................................. 23 3.1.5 Norsk alkoholindustri ............................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Når reklame og redaksjonelt innhold overlapper ....................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Hva er reklame ........................................................................................................................ 25 3.2.2 Hvordan fungerer reklame? ...................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Når vinspalter selger vin ........................................................................................................... 28 3.2.4 Spaltefyll ................................................................................................................................. 29 3.2.5 « En stadig esende gråsone» ....................................................................................................
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