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Construction of dystopia in : Hated in the nation

Sheila Adena Putri, Nia Nafisah English Language and Literature Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT

In this early emergence, dystopia is not only built by authoritarian oppression but it can be constructed by every individual in the society. This paper intended to analyze how dystopia is constructed through equal power in James Hawes’s 2016 series entitled Black Mirror, particularly in Hated in the Nation episode. A number of issues in this episode are analyzed by Foucault’s power relation theory. In order to determine whether the power network in the society creates dystopia or not, critical dystopia theory is presented by Booker (1994) and Moylan (2000). Since the main causes of dystopia in this episode are technology and , theory about technology progress and human regress is proposed by Jonas in Durdan (2013). The data were collected by sorting out some frames and dialogs throughout the episode. It is found that the vicious cycle of hatred is difficult to break so it creates deteriorating society. The analysis is expected to contribute other elements in postmodern dystopia narrative.

Keywords: Black Mirror, dystopia, mass media, postmodern dystopia, power relation.

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INTRODUCTION Ladeveze, 2016, p. 3). In the narration the characters usually have some urges to In the world of literature, dystopia is not a revolt dystopia regime. Moreover, Bacolini new thing. This term is the opposite of (2003) also identifies open endings as a utopia, which is often associated with an characteristic of critical dystopia. It means ideal society or a world that is worthy for that the ending of the story does not have living. Dystopia was first used by J. S. closure or allow the audience to have their Mills in 1868 in his political speech. Mills own judgements. criticized the Irish government’s policy, stated that “What is commonly called In literary works such as novel, play, Utopian is something too good to be short story or film, dystopia is often the practicable; but what they [the government] main topic. There are several literary works appear to favor is too bad to be practicable” that have dystopia as genre, for instance, (Pospisil, 2016). Drawing from his speech, George Orwell’s 1984, Veronica Roth’s Oxford Dictionary describes dystopia as a Divergent, and Suzanne Collin’s Hunger place or condition in which everything is Games. 4 (Moylan, 2000). The terror is bad as possible and the opposite word from constructed from many aspects such as war, utopia. Meanwhile, Schulzke (2014) genocide, mass media violation, over explained dystopia narrative in his journal productivity and consumerism. These as the consequence of bad policies, things are often found in postmodern unsustainable way of life and humanity dystopia, or commonly known as Orwellian degradation. The criticism is based on the dystopia. This term is based on skepticism social problems that persisted over time. towards utopia ideals. According to Booker There are two types of dystopia narrative. (1994), skepticism is not enough to The first one is anti-utopia which is describe postmodern dystopia. Pospisil described as a place with “no hope”. The (2016) elaborates Booker’s theory in people in this society are incapable to fix or Delany's work entitled Triton (1976). The to change the wrecked condition (Buinikci, novel portrays a very innovative and 2016, p.731). The second one is critical tolerant society called Tethys. The society dystopia. Critical dystopia tends to criticize has the freedom to choose their sexual bad policies, unsustainable way of life and orientation, gender and sex. The portrayal humanity degradation (Farca and of "ideal" society has negative impacts. The

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dramatic decline on birth puts Tethys in an global community. At that time four giant endless war against its ideology. It can be companies including Facebook and said that this society makes its perspective spread propaganda in public about their on the system they have created and cannot nation’s foreign policy. The mass media bear the consequences. were used by US government to oppress or censor parties who exercise free thought Dystopian narrative shifts according to and speech. That way, social networking issues in contemporary world. Obesity, might become a tool to spread the global warming, environment problems communicable disease which is net-speak and mass media violation also become the across the internet. criticism in today’s dystopian narratives. Claeys in Wojtyna (2018) proposes that a The technology violation cannot be damaged environment and a drastic separated from its development from time increase of obesity and anxiety are a form to time. According to a philosopher Hans of society’s irresponsibility of themselves Jonas in Dundar (2013), the connection as individual. Today, the issues are no between technology progresses and longer about war and regime but it is more humanity regress is very present. It is about individual problem. reflected on the ethics of state, an ethics of responsibility of conservation and As a connection of postmodern preservation. The advancing of technology dystopia issues, Diglin (2014) reflects on creates new ways of living, it means that how technology takes out Western society there are new ethics and moral that human in George Orwell’s novel, 1984. The work must bear. If they cannot preserve the value criticizes the social-political conditions at of living in technology era then it will affect the time Orwell wrote the novel. Diglin the stability of their society. For instance, discusses how technology is used to spread in his journal, Dundar explains about how propaganda. The government agencies use the word Lord in Huxley’s Brave New new media technology as surveillance World (1932) is replaced by Ford because tools. He linked the problem in the novel there is an unstable control by the man of with media and technology in US regarding industry. He states that the mass-production Iraq-Afghanistan case. The US received a lot of protest and various criticism from

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becomes really vital to the world even it enemy. Whether in public space or social change the way people speak to their God. media, they show their hatred as if the public enemy deserves it. Everything seems In the cases that have been mentioned to be fine until there are a challenge called above, the imbalance of power relation can Game of Consequence. The challenge cause dystopia. Foucault (1980) stated that enables them to send a murder request to power is everywhere. The agent of power is the public enemy or someone that commits not only someone who is in the higher class, crime or arose some controversy if the but can be everyone in the society. He also hashtag reaches trending topic. It is stated that power is employed and interesting to see how power can make exercised through a netlike organization hatred diffuse in a society and construct the and the individuals are the vehicle of dystopia. power. For instance, the power relation in the mass media that has been mentioned in Although those studies mention about several studies above. dystopia, discussion on hatred in social media is rarely address. In the previous The power relation in social media studies, the mass media is usually used as a trend and propaganda is also portrayed in propaganda tool by the ruler of society. In one of Black Mirror episodes entitled this episode, it turns out that media, Hated in the Nation. Black Mirror is a especially social media, is used by the science fiction British TV series. It society itself to build a dystopia by examines modern society which does not spreading hatred around the city. The anticipate new technology consequence. purpose of this study is to analyze how The episode is about an investigation of dystopia is constructed through social mysterious deaths with a sinister link to media and technology violations by using social media. The characters live in a near film theory from Bordwell and Thompson future of London. The technology is more (2015). They stated that film is not a advance, they have invented honeybee random assortment thing, it has pattern and robot after that species extinction to form. There are two important components preserve the environment. At the beginning to make film, the first one is the of the episode, the people in the city often cinematography and technical component throw some hate comments to public and the second one is narration within its

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frame. These components make the viewers screen as it is and the way they invited to get structured experiments so they can view. It is all about the means of understand the realism which is shown in communication in the film and how they the film. Another purpose of this study is to work out as an expression of a narrative contribute another element in dystopia pattern. construction in literature. The data are taken from one of

Black Mirror episode entitled Hated in the METHODOLOGY. Nation which was aired in 2016.This This study uses a qualitative descriptive episode is the sixth and final episode of the method. The qualitative descriptive method third series of Black Mirror. In this episode is actualized by collecting data, analyzing, which is written by Charlie Booker and and interpreting. This study examines how directed by James Hawes, there are the dystopia is constructed from the power mysterious series of death in London linked relation in social media. Qualitative method to a trend in social media named Game of usually used a theoretical lens or Consequence. Furthermore, there was a perspective which provides an overall new technology called Autonomous Drone orienting lens of the study. Moreover, Insect (ADI) which has a purpose to Bernard (2000) implies there are some preserve the environment. Without the approaches to do a qualitative study; one of acknowledgment of people in the city, the them is interpretation. This patterned ADI is provided by face recognition theories or generalization leads to several technology to monitor the neighborhood. It endpoints and since the analysis based on turns out that this technology is backfiring author interpretation, there is no absolute because it used as a tool for genocide by correct. Since the data are collected from link it to #DeathTo hashtag in the Game of film frames, they should be analyzed from Consequence. film’s aspects of cinematography. One of There are many elements of mise- the cinematography aspect is mise-en- en-scene, but this study only draws on the scene. According to Broadwell and setting, shoots and the tone in frames. In Thompson (1997) mise-en-scene is a doing the analysis, the film has been watced combination of what the audience view on watched carefully to profoundly understand

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the film. Then, the author analyzed the article. She is a columnist who published a shots using power relation theory in social critical column of a disabled activist’s media. Besides analyzing the suicide. From her writings, she gets various cinematography, the author also analyze kinds of hate speech from society. Not only the narratives drawn from the characters in social media and news portals, people's dialog. After that, the results of the analysis hatred also thrown in public space. was combined to know how the dystopia is Wherever Jo Powers goes, people turn their constructed. head to look at Jo with disgust and resentment. In Foucault's (1995) theory FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION power does not come hierarchical. Power is The analysis of dystopian construction in exercised equally from one individual to Black Mirror’s episode entitled Hated in another, for instance from one citizen to the Nation is using Booker (1994) theory another citizen. The power relation about critical dystopia and Moylan (2013) between Jo Powers and citizen can be theory about dystopia in the twentieth interpreted as power does not flow from the century. Moylan’s theory is strengthened more to less powerful class but rather as by Hans Jonas’s theory about technology individual intention. progress and human regress in Durdan Hatred in this episode is something (2013). Furthermore, the way hatred natural and unmarked. The hate thrown to spreading in social media and its impact to each other from both citizens and Jo the society are discussed through Powers looks like something normal. When Foucault’s (1980) power relation theory. a citizen meets Jo on the street he throws The findings show that in this episode, some hate speech just like a greeting and Jo dystopian society is manifested by the use Powers replies it nonchalantly. Without any of hatred in public space, personal space, hesitation people throw hatred to each other and technology. wherever and whenever. As what Clayes At the beginning of the episode, we (2013) stated that dystopia in the twentieth are introduced to a near-future city of century usually criticizes the lack of London. The news anchor tells us about the awareness of each individual's actions. It extinction of honeybee species and hatred can be seen that the people in this society is spreading around the city due to Jo Power’s

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no longer considers the consequence of their action.

In this dystopian society, hatred is spreading in public space and personal space. It shows through shots and camera angles. Most of the frames in this episode use medium shot, close up and long shot. According to Bordwell and Thompson Figure 1. Shot/reverse shot. Celebrity mocking (2015) these shots are used to bring the his fans in television. object into relief, showing emotion, Hatred in this episode is showing environment, and characters neutralized which means it can be exercised relation. The camera angle uses eye level by anyone, whether it is by direct utterance which signified equality. or mediated utterance. In figure 1, the mediated utterance is performed by a a. Hatred in Public Space. In public space, hatred is common celebrity named Tusk to a nine-year-old fan practice which can take place everywhere on a talk show that is broadcasted on and by everyone. In this society it television. Foucault (1980) stated that the commonly found on talk show or news individuals in power are not puppets of a program. The hatred is delivered through certain ideology and power is not exerted mediated utterance. It can be seen from through oppression but power relation these picture. diffuses through all relational structures in society. In this case the relation between Tusk and his fans is celebrity vs. fans and adult vs. children relation in society. It is not common if a celebrity mocks his fans. However, with hatred that has been neutralized in this society then it is

something normal. Even though it is a

child, he does not feel that it is inappropriate. In figure 1, the frame which

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shows Tusk and presenter in light blue why not make it someone, you know, who saturation meanwhile the frame that shows deserves it, like a racist. the boys is in more deep blue saturation. It (James Hawes, 2016, 00:59:33 – 01:00:06) signifies that the hatred is thrown by Tusk to the boy hurt him emotionally, as we can Even though they know that this game see in its close up shot that shows the boy’s takes casualties, they think that it is not a disappointment expression. However, as big deal. By saying that the hashtag is only everyone is used to giving hate comment, a game, they do not realize the danger most of them do not care about the little beneath this game. In modern dystopia, boy’s feeling. Booker (1994) defines that the problem is no longer about the destruction caused by Another example of public hate can the authorized power, but a deteriorating be seen in a television news fragment. In a society is built as a result of human television interviews about the hashtag degradation. In this case, a decrease in #DeathTo, the news anchor interview society's awareness is the result of several people and askes their responses prevailing norms. Moylan (2000) stated about this phenomenon. that everyday life in the new dystopia is still News Anchor: Good morning. Have ruled, observed and controlled but the you posted the hashtag? Is it real or an surveillance tool is more dynamic. This urban myth? Well, thousands have been surveillance tool is not only from one taking part, but how culpable are they? institution but it is exercised through the People are dying, and we want to hear your society’s everyday life. Each individual can thoughts. Line seven, Liana... manage what happens in their society. In this episode, netizens with their hatred Interviewees 1: It's not the unconsciously regulate how the society hashtag killing them. That's just a game. works. They create a deteriorating society Like, if you're an arsehole, you deserve to to live where hatred is neutralized and the be shamed. norms in society which are violated News Anchor: Steve, line five. considered as a proper way to gives Interviewees 2: Yeah, but my point is, someone punishment.

someone's gotta be top of the list, yeah? So

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unstoppable and fearless which indicates her personal space in social media giving

her freedom to write her ideas. Her opinion b. Hatred in Personal Space. of the death of Gwen Marbury, a The discourse of hatred in this society is not wheelchair martyr who is hailed as a hero, only appear in real life. On the internet this is a representation of the worst public phenomena arises significantly. Hatred is attention-seeking. She argues that Gwen spreading rapidly because everyone can Marbury does not deserve the Joan de Arc access them easily. Private spaces, such as title because of her action to set herself blogs or social media cannot be separated ablaze on the street bothers the pedestrian from hatred. This condition is getting worse and injures police officer who tried to help since #DeathTo hashtag become a trend. her. This article arose rage from public that One of the victims of Game of disagree with her statement. They began Consequence is a columnist named Jo attacking Jo Power's column with hate Power. comments immediately.

It is an ironic because on her web heading on (James Hawes, 2016, 00:05:45) she stated that her column is fearless. However, she receives so many fearful messages. This mood is strengthened by saturation of light blue which signifies depression and sadness according to Bordwell and Thompson's theory.

In connection with Foucault’s theory, power is something which build system of relations between individual. The Figure 2. Shot/reverse shot. Jo Power’s discourse of hatred between Jo Power’s and column about disabled activist’s suicide. netizens is built not because they wanted to In Jo Power’s column shown in defend Gwen but because they just hated figure 2, she stated that her opinion is something they did not agree with. In

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Foucault's power theory, the system of By this trend the dissemination of relations exists because something which hatred looks like a common trend on the unmarked appears and the people in the internet. People who initially did not follow system has more power. Therefore, Jo this hashtag started to write it on their social Power who has a different opinion becomes media because they followed the flow that the object of hatred. In the column had already exist before. As an instance, comment, most people only write words there is one character in this episode, that is intended for Jo. Such as, “Jo Power detective Nick Shelton, who finally put the = human garbage” and “Is this a piss take? hashtag to catch the mastermind behind I hope you end up in wheelchair, Jo Power” Game of Consequences. He already knows in (James Hawes, 2016, 00:05:58). The that this hashtag killed people, but he insists hatred is spreading unnoticeably because in to put the suspect selfie on social media this society it present as a daily basis. hoping he can be tracked. When referring to the theory of technological progress and Start from here, #DeathTo hashtag humanity regress in Durdan (2013) then by begins spreading on social media. It can be joining the Game of Consequence, netizens said that this hashtag is a form of protest have a new feature to facilitate them in from netizens for public figures who act punishing public enemies in their way. arbitrarily. This hashtag starts with a spam Without them knowing, the consequences video entitled Game of Consequence. This in the game are not only intended for public social media trend is a viral crowdsourcing enemies but also them as the sender of platform that allows people to give hatred. punishment to someone they do not like. This video explaines the rules for punishing the public enemies through the hashtag #DeathTo. Firstly, you must pick someone

you don't like, then put #DeathTo on your tweet along with their photos. If the number of people that choose the same name gets trending then the target will be killed every 5:00 PM.

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Karin Parke: That Internet stuff drifts off like weather. It's half hate. They don't mean it. The hate in a marriage, that's in 3D. That's had work put into it. That's sincere. Yeah. I’m divorce.

(James Hawes, 2016, 00:15:52 - 00:16:09)

Hatred through writing on social media is Figure 4. The hashtag in Game of Consequence. not something real. She considers it will not The portrayal of hatred in personal have the same impact as hatred in the real space mostly use close up shot. As in figure world. Her reason is because people only 4, each frame the color saturation is cool, need to move their fingers, they are not such as soft blue and dark blue. This color speaking directly. According to Parke, saturation signifies pessimism, hopeless hatred that spoken indirectly will not have and depression. Almost all saturation in a big impact like divorce because it is one frames when display web pages in this of the common internet cultures. However, episode are colored light blue. It represents whether it is in real life or only appears on that social media used in this society is no internet, hate speech has the same impact. longer safe. There are too many awful The hatred does not go away even the things are arising in social media. Its main victims turn off their device function of facilitating communication or delete their accounts. The picture, shifted into a forum for hatred with each comments, or anything will be on the other and even a space for killing someone. internet forever. It will create a bad society The characters in this TV series to live in. Especially if it goes on assume that hatred is irrelevant because it continuously. only happens on the internet. Even a Durdan (2013) explains in his detective who should be concerned with journal that if visualized in a diagram, utterances that refer to killing someone, technology linearly ascends while the considers this hatred to have no major fundamental values and possibilities in life impact. As what detective Karin Parke said are plummeting in the other end. It can be in this dialog: seen through the increasing complexity of

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the internet, people forget that there are Liza Bahar: It was funny, okay? And I can values that must be maintained. Bashing see if I'd done it myself, then that would be someone with hate supposedly categorized a bit weird, but I'm not mental. as acts that violate norms. However, Blue: You wished she was dead. because it is done over and over again, especially by giving options to do it on the Liza Bahar: Well, uh... No, no, I didn't. internet, hatred becomes something Blue: "Death to Jo Powers." normal. They also have the notion that this Liza Bahar: It's a... a hashtag game, you is not something sincere, so that is why this know, like "Death to..." You insert the discourse is easily formed. name of someone who's being an arsehole. In this deteriorating society, hate is It's not... real. It's a joke thing. something normal. If people do it to Blue: And who started it? The hashtag? someone then it must be someone’s fault because they believe that there will be no Liza Bahar: I don't know. I don't know. I smoke if there is no fire. Even sending saw it somewhere. some death request is not an evil thing for (James Hawes, 2016, 00:20:46 – them. One of the hate speech senders 00:21:45) named Liza Bahar explained the reason why she participated sending the hashtag According to Liza Bahar, we can see that the hatred chain in social media #DeathTo in the following dialog: continues because it is not only one person Liza Bahar: I'm not being funny, okay? I who did it, but everyone else too. She stated know she is dead. But did you read what that it would be weird if she did it alone. It she had written? How much do you think means that if she separated from the chain she got paid for spouting that horrible shit? of the power network then the hatred which Karin Parke: I don't know. she said meant nothing. If she did that she could be labeled as a basher alone. This Liza Bahar: I was just using my freedom of case has connection with Foucault’s (1980) speech. theory. It states that power is something Karin Parke: To send a threatening which circulates or as something which message. only function in the form of chain. The

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individual in this netlike organization are technology turned to attack them by a the vehicle of power not its point of former employee named Garret Scholes. application. Liza Bahar also can be a He linked the production code from ADI to representation of individual who is lack in IMEI in the city of London. IMAEI is a carrying out the norms in society. The unique number on every phone. He also hatred that she throws means nothing for started the Game of Consequence by her, she defends herself by saying it is only creating a bot account for spamming the a joke and she has her right to express her hashtag on Twitter. The reason is that he opinion freely. wants to show the citizen that their actions on social media have consequences. c. Technology as Surveillance Tool Because in the past, one of his friends The dystopia that is constructed in became a victim of cyberbullying. His this society is not only formed by friend became desperate and decide to take neutralized hatred that is spreading through her own life. the society. The technology which formerly used to preserve the environment turns as public surveillance tool. This technology is called as ADI. The main function of making ADI is to prevent the extinction of honeybee at that time. From what is broadcasted in the media, this bee robot Figure 5. ADI account as the bait on Twitter. aims to maintain the diversity of plants by spreading pollen from plants that exist Figure 5 shows a list of spam created by throughout the city. Without the citizen a bot account with a picture of a bee. The knowing, to make this ADI, Granular, the account sends the Game of Consequence company that developed it, received help link and its hashtags. With the IMEI of from the government but with one the phone users who have been combined condition. ADI must be equipped with a with the ADI production code, then any small camera in the form of face netizens who use the hashtag will recognition to be able to monitor the automatically be recorded. Indirectly, movements of the residents. But this

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through this hashtag, their activities in if the people in the city no longer have cyberspace are monitored. private space. The government's excuse for installing face recognition is to Besides in the virtual world, strengthen public security. Ironically, surveillance is also carried out in the real when the system they build is advancing, world. This fact was revealed through public security is threatened. the mouth of inspector Shaun, one of the FBI agents who came down directly for There are two important things in this case. This is shown in the following Foucault's theory: discipline and dialogue dialogues: punishment. In this case, the discipline is applied far from public eyes and it Shaun Li: Look, millions of those things formed as a strategy in network flying around, propping up the relations. Just like the face recognition ecosystem? Well, that's great, save the feature implemented by the government planet, hallelujah! Government's not in this society. The government did not going to pump billions into it just 'cause want to infuse their funds if the some lab coat says so, and it grabs 200 technology only works to preserve the green votes. They saw an opportunity to environment. So they ask to place the get more, they took it. face recognition featured in every Blue: Total nationwide surveillance. honeybee robot by regardless of the law Shaun Li: We tracked suspects for weeks about spying on the public.

in ways they couldn't dream of. We In previous studies of dystopia, prevented bombings, mass shootings. the power that made a dystopian society

Blue: By spying on the public. came mostly from oppressors. For example when a group of people or Inspector Shaun: And keeping them someone with a higher hierarchy is safe, which is what they want. abusing their power to take opportunities (James Hawes, 2016, 00:57:32- for an interest. As Diglin (2016) has 00:58:13) mentioned about how the media becomes propaganda to hide a fact in the Not only have their virtual lived which 1984 book by George Orwell. The use of being controlled but also in real life. As

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technology for self-interest also occurs of public security where on one side the in this episode. The difference is that face recognition feature works to government misuse of technology is not prevent bombing or mass shooting but a tool for oppressing. But something on the other hand it violates their more complex than the matter of ruling personal space without exception. Be it and dominating a subjugated class to someone in government agencies or hide a truth from them. However, this ordinary people, they are at least technology has become a surveillance supervised by a bee robot. tool for spying on citizens. Ironically, this condition shows a bad circumstance

This equality is also shown their attire types differ, they have the through the color selection of the same tone as black and blue in each costumes of the characters. Although costume.

Figure 6. The costume color of the characters are black and blue.

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It can be seen from the color selection on wants to test how far they can maintain each character's costume has the same their morality with this game. Even color, black and blue. The color uniform though he knew from the beginning, as signifies that the power which applies to they took cover behind the monitor to this society is equal. Anyone in this film spread hate, throwing hatred is not can be the basher or a victim of the something that impossible. Therefore he hatred itself. In addition to emphasizing made another system if they could find a the equal distribution of power, the use way to deactivate the ADI. The of color shows how gloomy the mood deactivation will lead them to a that is built in this episode. Even the massacre, which means every person in children in the frame are wearing light the city who use the hashtag will die blue uniforms. It was clearly eventually. emphasized that whether it was adults or As the investigation goes by, children, they could be the target. Some Parke and Blue are manage to track figures are shown to be well suited and Garret hiding. Unfortunately, when they some use casual attire, but they are in the arrived there Garret is missing. In his same tone, the class difference becomes hiding, they found his manifesto entitled equal. The Teeth of Consequence as long as the Another crucial things to running deactivation code in his drive. In his power system in Foucault's theory is manifesto he writes: punishment. In this case, Garret Scholes When their victims lose their job, who is the mastermind in the game their homes, their families, or Game of Consequence has a role in even their lives, do they stand up applying punishment to the citizens. and take credit for the spoils of The punishment here does not their moral crusade? No! They work because of an obligation but it hide behind their monitors and invests in them, and it transmitted by the their prove screens, secretly society. By running this Game of congratulating themselves whilst Consequence, Garret gives them the looking for a new victim. And choices to join the hashtag or not. He who are these people? They will

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have you believe that they are of hatred. This discourse of hatred is saints beyond reproach, the impossible to break as there are still benchmark of morality and many people do it continuously. The virtue by which all others must power theory in this study makes it clear judge. on how dystopia is constructed through technology and social media violation. (James Hawes, 2016, 01:06:29) CONCLUSION He wants to teach them about giving some respect through the internet. Garret In conclusion, the dystopia in this episode explained that those who hide behind is constructed from the discourse of hatred monitors will consider themselves as a in technology and social media. In this saint. Especially by doing punishment in deteriorating society, hatred is neutralized their own way to people around them. to the point where it is considered normal Without them knowing, by spreading to throw hatred everywhere and to hatred like that they are no better than everyone. In the narrative and visual the public enemy. Their digital track results, this neutralization is the result of record is an example that in this dystopia power relation in the society. Seen from society hatred will always be there and Foucault’s theory, the chain of hatred that its tracks cannot be erased. arose in this society is unmarked. It diffuses as a trend on the internet, and . Finally, this dystopia society is people do not take it seriously. They do like vicious cycle. Narratively, the not even care whether the target is ending of inevitable dystopia is signified children or someone that is trying to help with the scene of Parke being targeted as them. In Durdan (2013), Jonas states that public enemy. In the end of their the more rapid technology develops, the investigation they cannot stop the hatred more people ignore their social norms. and Garret success killing more than The people here do not care whether they three hundred and thousand people. will hurt others or not. They even feel Karin Parke and all people that involved happy if they manage to kill others in this investigation are blamed by the through their actions. The hierarchical citizen. They do not even care by the fact power is not relevant in this society. that this team is trying to break the chain

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Although there are many characters with Dundar, H. (2013) Dystopia as a vital peek into the future (Bachelor different professions but their attire color Student’s Thesis) Gävle University are the same. From this episode of Black College. Gävle. Sweden.

Mirror, we can see that if people are not Farca, G., & Ladeveze, C. H. (2016). The using technology wisely, it can be a self- journey to nature: The Last of Us as critical dystopia. Proceedings of inflicted destruction. The hatred that is 1st International Joint Conference already considered as a normal action in of DiGRA and FDG. Edinburgh, August 3–July 6. Retrieved from: this society is almost impossible to break http://www.digra.org/digital- through and it becomes a vicious cycle. library/publica tions/the-journey-to-nature-the-last-of- This work also contributes more elements us-as-critical-dystopia/ to postmodern dystopia narrative. Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Technology is not only used as a Selected Interviews and Other propaganda tool by the authorities, but it Writings. London: Harvester Press . can also be a surveillance tool for any Moylan, T. (2000). Scraps of the individual in the society. Untainted Sky: Science Fiction, Utopia, Dystopia (Cultural Studies.). Boulder: Westview Press. Reference:

Pospisil, J. (2017) The Historical Booker, M. K. (1994). The Dystopian Development of Dystopian Impulse in Modern Literature. Literature (Bachelor Student’s London: Greenwood Press. Thesis). Palacký University Bernard, H. (2000). Social Research Olomouc. Moravia. Czech. Methods: Qualitative and Raffaela Bacolini, T. M. (2003). Dark Quantitative Approaches. Horizons: Science Fiction and The Thousand Oaks: SAGE Dystopia Imagination. New York: Publications. Routledge. David Bordwell, K. T. (2015). Film Art: Schulzke, M. (2014). The critical power An Introduction, Eleventh Edition. of virtual dystopias. Games and New York: McGraw-Hill Culture, 9, 315–334. Education. Diglin, G. (2014). Living the Orwellian Wojtyna, M. (2018). Solidarity, Nightmare: New Media and Digital Dystopia, and Fictional worlds in Dystopia. E–Learning and Digital Contemporary Narative TV Series. Media, 608 - 618. Beyond Philology, 164-180.

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