CLIMATE FACTS AND POLICY POLICIES AND PROCESSES

80 MILLION tCO2e Turkmenistan 2030 socioeconomic transformation strategy National climate change strategy (2012) 16 TONNES PER CAPITA National programme of actions on climate adaptation and mitigation (under development) Enhanced energy efficiency and resource savings in all key sectors Technological modernization Renewable energy systems in remote and sparsely populated areas Increased share of renewables in the energy mix Development of economic incentives Plans for a green economy 2030 targets and INDC

Mitigation Energy sector priority Continued promotion of new technologies Base year: 2000 Unconditional 2030 target: growth rate of GHG emissions less than GDP growth rate; reduction of carbon- and energy-intensities of GDP; increase in emissions to the projected level of 135.8 million tonnes and stabilization trajectory Conditional 2030 target: zero growth in emissions, and possible reduction trajectory 5.3 9,032 MILLION US $ Adaptation priorities POPULATION PER CAPITA GDP Most vulnerable sectors – water, health and agriculture 100% Development of forest shelter belts to protect soils and infrastructure OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FROM Construction of the “Golden Century” lake to support water sector adaptation FOSSIL FUELS GHG inventory, projections 35 million tonnes of CO2-eqv in 1994 Sources: latest national GHG inventory data 60 million tonnes of CO2-eqv in 2004 (2010-2014) or estimates based on INDCs Current GHG emissions (estimate): 70-80 million tonnes of CO2-eqv/year; 16 tonnes per capita (2014-2015); population, energy and Historical time series and projections to be published in the third national communication to UNFCCC (end 2015) economic data (2012-2014) from the World No advanced MRV and GHG emissions modelling systems established yet Development Indicators of the World Bank http://data.worldbank.org/indicator CLIMATE ACTIONS Carbon intensity of GDP reduced by 53 per cent in 2012 compared to 2000 Energy intensity of GDP reduced by 57 per cent in 2012 compared to 2000

Energy cooperation with European Union Sustainable development policies on natural resources management Policy design for energy efficiency and renewable energy sources INOGATE partnership Energy Statistics Action Plan Introduction of renewable energy sources Capacity-building and awareness-raising Adaptation projects Climate change risks to farming systems Energy efficiency in the residential building Regional actions Proposed host for a regional climate change technology centre Hosts the Scientific Information Centre of the Interstate Sustainable Development Commission of Contributes to rehabilitation of the region through reforestation and by diverting irrigation run-off from deserts and rivers to the newly built Golden Century Lake CLIMATE FINANCE Adaptation Fund US $3 million Addressing climate change risks to farming systems at the national and local levels UNDP-GEF projects US $10 million Improving energy efficiency in the residential building sector Energy efficiency and renewable energy in water resources management KAZAKHSTAN Moynoq KAZAKHSTAN

S y Moynoq r D Turkestan a KAZAKHSTAN ry S a y r D Turkestan a KAZAKHSTAN ry Nukus KAZAKHSTANa Shymkent Nukus Uchquduq KAZAKHSTAN Shymkent Karabogazgol Sarygamysh Lake Dashoguz Urganch Uchquduq Karabogazgol Sarygamysh Lake Dashoguz UZBEKISTAN Urganch Turkmenbashi Golden Age UZBEKISTAN Lake Tashkent Aydar Lake Golden Age Khujand C Turkmenbashi Lake Jizzax

a Aydar Lake Za ravsh s a Khujand C Navoiy n (planned) Jizzax p a Balkanabat TURKMENISTAN Zarav i Bukhara Samarkandsh s Navoiy an a (planned)

p Panjakent K TURKMENISTAN n a i ra Bukhara Samarkand ku Regional centre on climate technologies m a Qarshi Ca (proposed) Turkmenabat ShahrisabzPanjakentDushanbe S Serdar K na A n ar l m ak u e u Regional centre on climate technologies D m a C (proposed) Turkmenabat ry Qarshi Shahrisabz a a a Denov Dushanbe S A n A tr al m ek u Kulob e Da ry a Gonbad-e Kavus Ashgabat a Denov At Kerkichi rek Mini solar stations Mary Qurghonteppa Kulob Bojnurd (demonstration) Gonbad-e Kavus Yoltan Kerkichi Termiz Gorgan Mini solar stations Mary Qurghonteppa Bojnurd (demonstration) Tejen T Hindukush e Termiz j Yoltan Gorgan e Sheberghan Kunduz n M u r g b T Hindukushh Mazar-e Sharif a e a j h e b Kunduz Mashad k Sheberghan l n M a u r B g b h Mazar-e Sharif a a h

b Mashad k l Meymaneh a B 0 IRAN100 km Meymaneh

Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2015 Serhetabat 0 100 km AFGHANISTAN

Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2015 EnergyFossil fuel energy and installations emissions and carbon emissions Renewable energy installations and plans

FossilCO fuel2 emissions energy from installations thermal power andplants, carbon million tonsemissions per year: RenewableWind farmsenergy installationsSolar and power plans stations Hydropower stations

CO emissionsmore fromthan thermal5 power plants, million tons per year: Wind farms Solar power stations Hydropower stations 2 Thermal power-plant (coal/oil/gas) more than 5 Less than 50 MW 2 - 5 Thermal power-plant (coal/oil/gas) 1 - 2 Less than 50 MW 0.52 - -5 1 less1 - 2than 0.5 0.5 - 1 less than 0.5

Policies and institutions

The interest in climate change extends to the highest level of Protection coordinates activities of all concerned ministries with government: the President of Turkmenistan has proposed a regard to climate policy development and implementation. regional climate change technology centre, which Turkmenistan is ready to host. The 2012 national climate change strategy calls Energy prices, especially for natural gas, remain subsidized and for measures on enhancing energy efficiency in all key sectors low because of long-standing domestic socioeconomic policies of the economy, for technological modernization and for the and social support packages. Abundant natural gas reserves introduction of renewable energy systems in remote and sparsely and rapidly growing power production capacities using natural populated areas. The strategy also seeks to increase the share gas make renewable energy such as solar and wind a distant of renewables in the energy mix and to develop economic prospect: less than 1 per cent of these renewables is projected incentives. A national programme of action based on the 2012 for the country’s energy mix by 2030. In spite of low energy strategy is being developed, and will be incorporated into the prices, the country’s leadership is interested in improving energy broader plans for a green economy. efficiency and in adopting new technologies. In the transport sector, for example, only modern and fuel-efficient cars may be The Ministry of Nature Protection develops official climate policy imported, and in the water sector the energy efficiency of pumps positions in consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and will be improved. the Cabinet of Ministers. The Ministry for the Economy adopts budgets, sets standards and manages relations with donors. The role of civil society is growing, and NGOs are increasingly The inter-agency group of experts under the Ministry of Nature consulted and invited to climate change events. KAZAKHSTAN Moynoq KAZAKHSTAN S y r Turkestan D a KAZAKHSTAN Moynoq r ya delta S y r Turkestan D Nukus KAZAKHSTANa KAZAKHSTAN r ya Shymkent Amu Darya delta Uchquduq Nukus Karabogazgol Sarygamysh KAZAKHSTAN Lake Dashoguz Shymkent Urganch UZBEKISTANUchquduq Karabogazgol Sarygamysh Tashkent Lake Dashoguz Turkmenbashi Golden Age Urganch Lake UZBEKISTAN Aydar Lake Tashkent Khujand

C Turkmenbashi Golden Age Jizzax a Lake Za Balkanabat ravsh s Navoiy Aydaran Lake

p Khujand C TURKMENISTAN Jizzax i Samarkand a Bukhara Balkanabat Zar a avsh s Serdar Navoiy an Panjakent n p TURKMENISTANKa ra Qarshi i k um Turkmenabat Bukhara SamarkandShahrisabz Dushanbe S A a Ca m Serdar na u Panjakent e l D n a K ry a a Ashgabat a Denov A r tr ak Qarshi ek um Turkmenabat Shahrisabz Dushanbe Kulob S A Ca m na u e Gonbad-e Kavus l Da Kerkichi ry Qurghonteppa a Ashgabat Mary a Denov At Tejen rBojnurdek Kulob M Termiz u Gorgan r g Gonbad-e Kavus h a Kerkichi b Qurghonteppa T Mary Tejen e Bojnurd j e Sheberghan Kunduz n M Termiz u Gorgan r g b h Mazar-e Sharif a a h

b Mashad k T l e a j e Sheberghan B Kunduz n

b Mazar-e Sharif a IRAN Meymaneh h Mashad k l

a Serhetabat B 0 100 km AFGHANISTAN IRAN Meymaneh Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2015 Serhetabat 0 100 km AFGHANISTAN

Map producedRivers by ZOÏ withEnvironment intense Network, water November use 2015and increased stress from Densely populated and agriculturally important areas with increased Impactsclimatic and of hydrological climate changes change environmental stress and projected impacts of climate change

RiversRisk of with flooding intense due water to storm use surgesand increased and sea stress level fluctuationsfrom IncreasedDensely populated heat stress and andagriculturally impacts importanton human areas health with increased climatic and hydrological changes environmental stress and projected impacts of climate change

Risk of flooding due to storm surges and sea level fluctuations Increased heat stress and impacts on human health

Turkmenistan scorecard

Country’s share of global emissions National climate policy actors Country’s emissions per capita General climate action ambition Policy leadership: The President, the Cabinet of Ministers and Ministry for Nature Protection Mitigation commitment: Emissions reduction UNFCCC focal point: Ministry for Nature Protection Decoupling from population growth GHG inventory and projections: project-based team in the Decoupling from economic growth Ministry for Nature Protection Renewable energy prospects GCF focal point: Ministry for Nature Protection

Adaptation action Climate actions Greenhouse gas emissions and projections for Turkmenistan Turkmenistan’s emissions profile is similar to other energy-rich countries, especially those rich in natural gas, and methane Million tonnes constitutes about 50 per cent of total GHG emissions. Energy- 130 related GHG emissions contribute an estimated 50-65 million tonnes of CO2-eqv per year or 70 per cent of the total. 120 The lion’s share (93 per cent) of Turkmenistan forests is sparse 110 desert saxaul with limited carbon sequestration potential, but with significant climate resiliency functions for protecting people and infrastructure from weather extremes, providing valuable shelter for 100 biodiversity and serving as grazing grounds for agricultural animals. 90 A team within the Ministry of Nature Protection compiles the Turkmenistan GHG emissions inventory, primarily as a project- 80 based GEF activity, normally supported via UNEP. Much of the statistical data in Turkmenistan is restricted, and keeping the GHG 70 inventory and other climate change information easily available domestically can be a challenge even though the information is published on websites of international organizations. 60

The EU sustainable development project focuses on natural 50 resources management and the energy sector. One component supports policy design for energy efficiency and renewable 40 energy sources at the national and provincial levels. As part of this component, strategic environmental assessment, 30 environmental impact assessment and air quality regulations and legal instruments will be reviewed and possibly revised in line 20 with modern approaches.

The INOGATE partnership has helped develop an energy statistics 10 action plan, and is assisting in the set-up of the necessary policy, regulatory and institutional mechanisms to enable the introduction 0 Estimate Projections of renewable energy sources to the energy mix. These efforts are in addition to supporting the development of capacity-building 1994 2000 2004 2012 2020 2030 and awareness-raising activities related to energy efficiency. Energy Agriculture In its INDC, Turkmenistan maintains that the stabilization of GHG Industrial processes Waste emissions or the beginning of reductions by 2030 will allow the Lower range Higher range country to pursue low-carbon development, compatible with the long- term global goal of not exceeding the 2-degree temperature increase. Estimate and projections are based on Turkmenistan’s INDC © Zoi Environment Network (2015)

Climate finance Most of the funding on climate actions in Turkmenistan comes from the state budget. Some funds come from GEF and the Adap- tation Fund and cover activities on adaptation technologies for re- liable drinking water supply, animal husbandry, efficient irrigation systems and energy efficiency in residential buildings and water supply systems.

Sources of information for the scorecard

Turkmenistan’s strategies and legislation

National climate-related assessments and reports: the second national communication to UNFCCC (2010); INDC (2015)

Zoï expertise and interviews with stakeholders in Turkmenistan

This publication has been pro- duced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.