Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

MONITORING REPORT

WATER QUALITY OF FILTRTAION PLANTS INSTALLED IN RAWALPINDI (July, 2013)

PAKISTAN COUNCIL OF RESEARCH IN WATER RESOURCES Ministry of Science & Technology Khyban-e-johar, H-8/1, Islamabad. www.pcrwr.gov.pk

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

INTRODUCTION

Water is the basic and most essential commodity for sustainable life on the Earth. In recent era, the demand for water has increased manifolds due to ever increasing population, urbanization, large scale cultivation and industrialization. On the other hand, quality of water resources of the country has been deteriorated by the impacts of the various human, industrial and agricultural activities. Contaminants such as microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, industrial wastes or wastewater in higher concentrations make water unfit for drinking. Such contaminants cause acute or chronic health effects such as circulatory system problems, skin diseases, kidney damage, bone damage, gastrointestinal stress, blue baby syndrome, increased risk of cancer and nervous system disorders etc.

Water quality of both surface and ground water has been identified as one of the main issues in Pakistan, due to four major water quality tribulations such as bacteriological, arsenic, nitrate and fluoride contamination. Without addressing the prevailing water quality issues, the public health status cannot be improved. As one indication of the magnitude of the problem, it is estimated that 200,000 children die every year due to diarrhoeal diseases alone. It is further estimated that water related diseases cause annual national income losses of USD 380-883 million – or approximately 0.6-1.44 percent of GDP.

The ability to maintain an adequate quality and quantity of water, as well as the structural integrity of existing water supply infrastructure often fell victim to recurring episodes of social, political or economical instability. Infrastructure breakdown and interrupted water supply or increased pollution attributes from community waste disposal leads to numerous diseases out breaks. Just like the many other deteriorating parts of the country’s infrastructure, our water delivery systems and treatment technology requires multiple rectifications as, these antiquated systems deliver water that can pose a great risk to the health and safety of those drinking it. In such circumstances, it’s really a challenge to increase and ensure the access to safe drinking water.

Federal, provincial and local governments in Pakistan have installed many water filtration plants in all over the country to provide the safe drinking water to public. Sustainable supply of safe drinking water through these water filtration plants is an important issue as the efficacy of providing safe drinking water from these plants is dependent on operation and maintenance, capacity of plant operators and water quality surveillance practices.

Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) was designated as focal agency for water quality monitoring on 6th July, 2005. To ensure the provision of safe drinking water to the people, PCRWR is implementing several water quality monitoring programs throughout the country. The Filtration Plants Performance Evaluation is an integral part of PCRWR water quality monitoring programs. From time to time, PCRWR monitors the quality of water filtration plants installed by different agencies to ensure the health and safety of general public. An intensive performance evaluation of filtration plants installed in Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) is conducted in the month of July, 2013 and based on technical data; this report is compiled indicating water quality status of water filtration plants of Islamabad as well as highlighted the needs for improvement. This performance evaluation is aimed to remind the WASA about following to initiate the required measures:

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

• Population Impact: 3.25 million people receive some or all of their drinking water from the WASA 's filtration plants.

• Disease Prevention: A treatment breakdown at a filtration plant presents a widespread acute health threat from a waterborne disease outbreak. A disease outbreak can have a devastating impact on a community. Disease prevention saves lives and millions of rupees in expenses would incur in response to an outbreak. • Economy: The availability of safe public drinking water plays a critical role in the country’s economic engine. Filter plants serve drinking water to large urban areas and small rural communities and thus are a vital part of WASA’s infrastructure; they represent an essential service to general public.

• Regulatory and Technical Complexities: Filter plants are affected by some of the most complex regulations and involve complicated treatment processes. PCRWR’s filtration plants performance evaluation program aims to help suppliers in overcoming numerous on-going compliance challenges.

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

PCRWR SAMPLING METHODOLOGY

No. of Plants Monitored 53 Composition of Sampling team comprised of well experienced professionals i.e. a Sampling Team Research Officer and a Laboratory Technicians from National Water Quality Laboratory of PCRWR. Objectives of the 1 To evaluate the quality of drinking water being supplied to Programme general public by A water filtration plants 2 To assess the need of further improvements in water treatment process and water quality monitoring on routine basis. 3 To safeguard the public health against contaminated drinking water. Sampling Procedure Following the American Public Health Association Protocols for water sampling, testing and quality control, water samples were collected from each filtration plant. For this purpose, four types of samples were collected from each site, preserved and transported to National water Quality Laboratory. Types of the water samples collected are as following; Sample Preservative WQ Parameters Type Type A Sterilized sampling Total Coliforms, Faecal bottles for Coliforms & E-coli (indicator microbiological organisms) analysis Type B 2ml/liter HNO3 as Metals and heavy metals like preservative for trace arsenic, lead, mercury, zinc, elements chromium, copper Type C 1ml/100ml boric acid as Nitrate (N) preservative Type D No preservative Physical and aesthetic parameters. Major Cations and anions Field blank and replicate samples1 for quality control purpose were also collected. One site out of ten sites was selected for replicate and field blank samples, which were analyzed to evaluate the reproducibility of analytical results and the quality of distilled water respectively.

Physical Condition of WASA Filtration Plants (July, 2013)

1 Field Blank is a blank solution (Deionized water) that is subjected to all aspects of sample collection, field processing, preservation, transportation, and laboratory handling as an environmental sample. Replicate Samples is a group of samples, collected in a manner that the samples are thought to be essentially identical in composition.

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

PCRWR LABORATORY FACILITIES

It is worthwhile to mention here that PCRWR has an ISO-17025 accredited NWQL having analytical capabilities for wide range of physicochemical (inorganic and organic parameters) and microbiological parameters. PCRWR Water Quality Laboratories have a well defined quality control mechanism to generate reliable data. National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) participates regularly in FAPAS International Proficiency Programme (UK) as a part of its quality assurance plan.

Technical Facilities of National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) of PCRWWR

6 Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

PCRWR IDENTIFICATION CODES ALLOTED TO FILTRATION PLANTS INSTALLED IN RWP

Sr. No. ID Code Location Operational Status 1. WASA-1 Sabzi Mandi Chowk Dhoke Kala Khan Operational 2. WASA-2 Tubewell No.16 Mohalla Qayyum Abad Dhoke Kala Khan Operational 3. WASA-3 Near Ojhari Camp Dhoke Kala Khan Operational 4. WASA-4 Tube No.148 A Banni Chowk near Police Stration Operational 5. WASA-5 Tw # 64 Liaquat Bagh RWP Operational 6. WASA-6 College Chowk Rwp Operational 7. WASA-7 TW#2, Filtration Plant near Katarian Pull, RWP Operational 8. WASA-8 TW#16P, , Filtration Plant near Katarian Market Operational 9. WASA-9 TW#4, Filtration Plant , Quaid-e-Azam Park, F-Block, Operational Sattellite Town. 10. WASA-10 TW#17, Filtration Plant near Govt. Commerce Collage Operational Phagwarry 11. WASA-11 TW#106, Filtration Plant Saidpur Scheme #2, near commerce Operational collage 12. WASA-12 TW#124, F.P near MC Boys High School, B-Block, Satellite Operational town 13. WASA-13 TW#17, Filtration Plant near Aliabad graveyard, RWP Operational 14. WASA-14 TW#25, Filtration Plant near Kajoor wali gali, Saddiqabad Operational 15. WASA-15 Dhoke Kala Khan, Madina Market Operational (Private filter) by HAJI QADIR 16. WASA-16 TW#7, Data Gunj Bakhsh Road, RWP Operational 17. WASA-17 TW#22, Near 6th Road, A-Block Operational 18. WASA-18 TW#24A, Filtration Plant near Dhoke Kala Khan Road, RWP Operational 19. WASA-19 TW#148, Filtration Plant Bani Chowk, RWP Operational 20. WASA-20 Filtration Plant near TW#133-B, Bani Chowk, Operational 21. WASA-21 TW#126A, Asghar Mall Scheme, Satellite Town Operational 22. WASA-22 TW#148, Bani Chowk near Police Station Operational 23. WASA-23 Tw#65 Mohallah Gulshan Khan Dhok Hassu Operational 24. WASA-24 TW#76A Near Imam Bargah Operational 25. WASA-25 Tw# 76-B Masjid Mai Shareefan Dhok Ratta Operational 26. WASA-26 TW# 75 Bhoosa Godam Dhok Ratta Operational 27. WASA-27 TW#74-A Chungi Ratta Amral Operational 28. WASA-28 TW#36 Near Nawalti Cinema Mohan Pura Operational 29. WASA-29 Gali #1, Ratta Road, Mohan Pura Operational 30. WASA-30 TW # 30 Near Faisal Model School Dhoke Ratta Operational 31. WASA-31 TW # 33 B Khurram Colony Muslim Town Operational 32. WASA-32 CBC, TW#5, Filtration Plant on Taimour Road, Daryaabad, Operational RWP. 33. WASA-33 CBC, GMT, Filtration Plant in Gawalmandi, Near overhead Operational tank, HR. 34. WASA-34 CBC, CB, Filtration Plant in Gawalmandi, Children Park. Operational 35. WASA-35 TW#37, Filtration Plant in Rawal Chowk. Operational 36. WASA-36 CBC -2 Operational 37. WASA-37 CBC-1, Cantonment Board, Chaklala Mohallah Rahimabad. Operational 38. WASA-38 TW#137, Water Filtration in Chitti Hatian. Operational 39. WASA-39 TW#45, Union Council#3, Glass factory Chowk, Mohallah Operational H.Dad. 40. WASA-40 TW# 168 Allama Iqbal Park Sector 2 Khyaban Operational

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

Sr. No. ID Code Location Operational Status 41. WASA-41 TW#164, Union Council 10, Sector II, Street # 19, Operational Khayaban-e-Sir Syed. 42. WASA-42 TW#101A Sector 1 Khyaban Operational 43. WASA-43 TW#100, F.P Dhoke Naju Khayaban-e-Sir Syed. Sector 4-A. Operational 44. WASA-44 TW#166A, F.P Khayaban-e-Sir Syed Mohammadi Chowk Operational 45. WASA-45 TW#142-A, Union Council 37, Kashmiri Colony, Bagh Operational Sardaran. 46. WASA-46 TW # 155 Imam Barra Road Operational 47. WASA-47 Ganj Mandi F.P Opposite Police Station. Operational 48. WASA-48 TW#150, F.P neat Shah Allah Ditta Road, Rawalpindi, Jamia Operational Masjid. 49. WASA-49 TW # 140A Tyre Bazar Rwp Operational 50. WASA-50 TW#6 Commercial Market Operational 51. WASA-51 Mohalla Syed Puri Gate near Muslim School No.2 Operational 52. WASA-52 TW# 24B, Khanna Kallan, St No.19, Kuri Road Operational 53. WASA-53 TW#117 Near DSP Office Rawal Town Operational CBC = Cantonment Board Chaklala, PF = Private Filter

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AND METHODS USED FOR ANALYSIS

Sr. # Parameters Analytical Method

1. Alkalinity (m.mol/l as CaCO3) 2320, Standard method (1992) 2. Arsenic (ppb) AAS Vario 6, Analytik Jena AG 3. Bicarbonate 2320, Standard method (1992) 4. Calcium (mg/l) 3500-Ca-D, Standard Method (1992) 5. Carbonate (mg/l) 2320, Standard method (1992) 6. Chloride (mg/l) Titration (Silver Nitrate), Standard Method (1992) 7. Color (TCU) Sensory Test 8. Conductivity (μS/cm) E.C meter, Hach-44600-00, USA 9. Hardness (mg/l) EDTA Titration, Standard Method (1992) 10. Magnesium (mg/l) 2340-C, Standard Method (1992) 11. Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/l) Cd. Reduction (Hach-8171) by Spectrophotometer 12. Odor Sensory Test 13. pH pH Meter, Hanna Instrument, Model 8519, Italy 14. Potassium (mg/l) Flame photometer PFP7, UK 15. Sodium (mg/l) Flame photometer PFP7, UK 16. Sulfate (mg/l) SulfaVer4 (Hach-8051) by Spectrophotometer 17. Phosphate (mg/l) 8190 and 8048 (Hach) 18. Taste Sensory Test 19. TDS (mg/l) 2540C, Standard method (1992) 20. Turbidity (NTU) Turbidity Meter, Lamotte, Model 2008, USA 4500-F C. ion-Selective Electrode Method Standard 21. Fluoride (mg/l) method (1992) 22. Iron (mg/l) FerroVer method (HACH Cat. 21057-69) 23. Total Coliforms (MPN/100ml) 9221-B , Multiple Tube Fermentation technique (MPN) Chromogenic Method (EC- MUG) Media, IDEXX Method 24. E. Coli (MPN/100ml) 9221-F ,Multiple Tube Fermentation technique (MPN) Chromogenic Method (EC- MUG) Media, IDEXX Method

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

WATER QUALITY PERMISSIBLE LIMITS FOR DRINKING WATER

Sr. Permissible Limits Parameter Units # WHO PSQCA 1. Alkalinity (m.mol/l) NGVS NGVS 2. Bicarbonate (mg/l) NGVS NGVS 3. Calcium (mg/l) NGVS NGVS 4. Carbonate (mg/l) NGVS NGVS 5. Chloride (mg/l) 250 250 6. Co lour (TCU) 15 Colorless 7. Conductivity (µS/cm) NGVS NGVS 8. Fluoride (mg/l) 1.5 1.5 9. Hardness (mg/l) NGVS 500 10 Iron (mg/l) 0.3 0.3 11. Magnesium (mg/l) NGVS NGVS 12. Odor - Odorless Unobjectionable 13. Nitrate-N (mg/l) 10 10 14. pH - 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 15. Potassium (mg/l) NGVS NGVS 16. Sodium (mg/l) 200 NGVS 17. Sulfate (mg/l) 250 NGVS 18. Taste - Unobject. Unobjectionable 19. TDS (mg/l) 1000 1000 20. Turbidity (NTU) 5 <5 21. Phosphate (mg/l) NGVS NGVS 22. Arsenic ppb 10 50 23. Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 0 0 24. E-Coli MPN/100ml 0 0 WHO World Health Organization PSQCA Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF PCRWR WATER QUALITY MONITORING

1. In total, 53 filtration plants were monitored. 2. Analytical results of all the filtration plants were compared with WHO and PSQCA permissible limits for Drinking water. 3. Out of total 53 monitored filtration plants, 38 filtration plants are found to provide unsafe drinking water due to prevalence of bacteriological contamination (Table-1). 4. 10 filtration plants are found to be unsafe with respect to excessive nitrate level than the permissible level (Table-2). 5. 06 plants have shown chemical and bacteriological contamination simultaneously (Table- 3). 6. In overall, 40 filtration plants out of 53 monitored plants are found to provide unsafe drinking water (Table-4). 7. Level of Free Residual Chlorine was found below Detection limit (0.05 ppm).

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

CONTAMINANTS OF POTENTIAL CONCERNS FOUND IN DRINKING WATER BEING SUPPLIED BY WASA WATER FILTRATION PLANTS

TABLE-1: BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION

Filtration Results (MPN/100ml) Sr. Plant Location Total E-Coli No ID Code Coliforms 1. WASA-1 Sabzi Mandi Chowk, Dhoke Kala Khan. 31.8 9.6 2. WASA-2 Tw#16, Mohallah Qayumabad, Dhoke Kala Khan. 16.0 -ve 3. WASA-3 Near ojhari camp, Dhoke kala khan. 1.0 -ve 4. WASA-4 TW#148A, Bani Chowk near Police Station 2.0 1.0 5. WASA-6 College Chowk, RWP 2.0 -ve 6. WASA-10 TW#17, Filtration Plant near Govt. Commerce Collage Phagwarry 26.2 13.2 7. WASA-13 TW#17, Filtration Plant near Aliabad graveyard, RWP 410.6 -ve 8 WASA-14 TW#25, Filtration Plant near Kajoor wali gali, Saddiqabad 2.0 1.0 9. WASA-15 Dhoke Kala Khan, Madina Market (Private filter) by HAJI QADIR 24.6 -ve 10. WASA-17 TW#22, Near 6th Road, A-Block 117.2 4.1 11. WASA-18 TW#24A, Filtration Plant near Dhoke Kala Khan Road, RWP 2.0 -ve 12. WASA-19 TW#148, Filtration Plant Bani Chowk, RWP 1.0 -ve 13. WASA-20 Filtration Plant near TW#133-B, Bani Chowk, 15.6 -ve 14. WASA-21 TW#126A, Asghar Mall Scheme, Satellite Town 80.9 -ve 15. WASA-23 TW#65, Muhallah Gulshan Khan, Dhoke Hassu 4.1 -ve 16. WASA-24 TW#76-A, Near Imam Bargah 36.4 -ve 17. WASA-25 TW#76-B, Masjid Mai Sharfan, Dhoke Ratta. 4.1 -ve 18. WASA-28 Tw#36 Near Nawalti Cinema Mohan pura. 1.0 -ve 19 WASA-29 Gali #1, Ratta Road, Mohan Pura 24.6 -ve 20. WASA-30 TW#30, Near faisal model school, Dhoke Ratta. 3.1 -ve 21. WASA-32 CBC, TW#5, Filtration Plant on Taimour Road, Daryaabad, RWP. 2.0 2.0 22. WASA-33 CBC, GMT, Filtration Plant in Gawalmandi, Near overhead tank, 47.7 7.5 HR. 23. WASA-34 CBC, CB, Filtration Plant in Gawalmandi, Children Park. 52.0 5.2 24. WASA-35 TW#37, Filtration Plant in Rawal Chowk. 2419.6 88.9 25. WASA-36 CBC-2 85.0 2.0 26. WASA-37 CBC-1, Cantonment Board, Chaklala Mohallah Rahimabad. 435.2 8.5 27. WASA-38 TW#137, Water Filtration in Chitti Hatian. 8.6 3.1 28. WASA-39 TW#45, Union Council#3, Glass factory Chowk, Mohallah H.Dad 2419.6 410.6 29. WASA-41 TW#164, Union Council 10, Sector II, Street # 19, Khayaban-e-Sir 3.1 -ve Syed. 30. WASA-42 TW#101A Sector 1 Khyaban 4.1 -ve 31. WASA-43 TW#100, F.P Dhoke Naju Khayaban-e-Sir Syed. Sector 4-A. 3.1 -ve 32. WASA-45 TW#142-A, Union Council 37, Kashmiri Colony, Bagh Sardaran. 53.8 -ve 33. WASA-46 TW # 155 Imam Barra Road 261.3 52.9 34. WASA-47 Ganj Mandi F.P Opposite Police Station. 1732.9 70.8 35. WASA-48 TW#150, F.P neat Shah Allah Ditta Road, Rawalpindi, Jamia 2419.6 3.1 Masjid. 36. WASA-50 TW#6 Commercial Market 178.5 -ve 37. WASA-51 Mohalla Syed Puri Gate near Muslim School No.2 >2419.6 235.9 38. WASA-53 TW#117 Near DSP Office Rawal Town 1119.9 179.3 MF: Membrane Filter Method PF: Private Filter

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

TABLE-2: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION

Location Nitrate (NO -1) Sr. Filtration Plant 3 No ID Code Guideline Values (PSQCA) 10 ppm

1. Tw#65 Mohallah Gulshan Khan Dhok WASA-23 14 Hassu

2. WASA-24 TW#76A Near Imam Bargah 12

3. Tw# 76-B Masjid Mai Shareefan Dhok WASA-25 12 Ratta

4. WASA-26 TW# 75 Bhoosa Godam Dhok Ratta 11

5. WASA-27 TW#74-A Chungi Ratta Amral 11

6. WASA-28 TW#36 Near Nawalti Cinema Mohan Pura 14

7. WASA-29 Gali #1, Ratta Road, Mohan Pura 22

8. CBC, TW#5, Filtration Plant on Taimour WASA-32 12 Road, Daryaabad, RWP.

9. CBC, GMT, Filtration Plant in WASA-33 13 Gawalmandi, Near overhead tank, HR.

10 CBC, CB, Filtration Plant in Gawalmandi, WASA-34 13 Children Park.

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

TABLE-3: FILTRATION PLANTS PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER

Quality (Safe/Unsafe) Sr. No ID Code Location Physico- Microbiological Chemical 1 WASA-5 Tw # 64 Liaquat Bagh RWP Safe Safe

2 TW#2, Filtration Plant near Katarian Pull, WASA-7 Safe Safe RWP

3 WASA-8 TW#16P,Filtration Plant near Katarian Safe Safe Market

4 WASA-9 TW#4, Filtration Plant , Quaid-e-Azam Safe Safe Park, F-Block, Sattellite Town.

5 WASA-11 TW#106, Filtration Plant Saidpur Scheme Safe Safe #2, near commerce collage

6 WASA-12 TW#124, F.P near MC Boys High School, Safe Safe B-Block, Satellite town

7 WASA-16 TW#7, Data Gunj Bakhsh Road, RWP Safe Safe

8 WASA-22 TW#148, Bani Chowk near Police Station Safe Safe

9 WASA-31 TW # 33 B Khurram Colony Muslim Safe Safe Town

10 WASA-40 TW# 168 Allama Iqbal Park Sector 2 Safe Safe Khyaban

11 WASA-44 TW#166A, F.P Khayaban-e-Sir Syed Safe Safe Mohammadi Chowk.

12 WASA-49 TW # 140A Tyre Bazar Rwp Safe Safe

13 WASA-52 TW# 24B, Khanna Kallan, St No.19, Kuri Safe Safe Road

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

TABLE-4: PCRWR TESTING: FILTRATION PLANTS PROVIDING UNSAFE DRINKING WATER

Quality (Safe/Unsafe) Sr. No ID Code Code Physico- Microbiological Chemical 1. WASA-1 Sabzi Mandi Chowk, Dhoke Kala Khan. Safe Unsafe 2. WASA-2 Tw#16, Mohallah Qayumabad, Dhoke Safe Unsafe Kala Khan. 3. WASA-3 Near ojhari camp, Dhoke kala khan. Safe Unsafe 4. WASA-4 TW#148A, Bani Chowk near Police Safe Unsafe Station 5. WASA-6 College Chowk, RWP Safe Unsafe 6. WASA-10 TW#17, Filtration Plant near Govt. Safe Unsafe Commerce Collage Phagwarry 7. WASA-13 TW#17, Filtration Plant near Aliabad Safe Unsafe graveyard, RWP 8. WASA-14 TW#25, Filtration Plant near Kajoor wali Safe Unsafe gali, Saddiqabad 9 WASA-15 Dhoke Kala Khan, Madina Market (P.V) Safe Unsafe by HAJI QADIR 10. WASA-17 TW#22, Near 6th Road, A-Block Safe Unsafe 11. WASA-18 TW#24A, Filtration Plant near Dhoke Safe Unsafe Kala Khan Road, RWP 12. WASA-19 TW#148, Filtration Plant Bani Chowk, Safe Unsafe RWP 13. WASA-20 Filtration Plant near TW#133-B, Bani Safe Unsafe Chowk, 14. WASA-21 TW#126A, Asghar Mall Scheme, Safe Unsafe Satellite Town 15. WASA-23 TW#65, Muhallah Gulshan Khan, Dhoke Unsafe Unsafe Hassu 16. WASA-24 TW#76A Near Imam Bargah Unsafe Unsafe 17. WASA-25 TW#76-B, Masjid Mai Sharifan, Dhoke Unsafe Unsafe Ratta. 18. WASA-26 TW# 75 Bhoosa Godam Dhok Ratta Unsafe Safe 19. WASA-27 TW#74A Chungi Ratta Amral Unsafe Safe 20. WASA-28 TW#36, Near Nawalti Cinema Mohan Unsafe Unsafe Pura 21. WASA-29 Gali #1, Ratta Road, Mohan Pura Unsafe Unsafe 22. WASA-30 TW#30, Near faisal model school, Safe Unsafe Dhoke Ratta. 23. WASA-32 CBC, TW#5, Filtration Plant on Taimour Unsafe Unsafe Road, Daryaabad, RWP. 24. WASA-33 CBC, GMT, Filtration Plant in Unsafe Unsafe Gawalmandi, Near overhead tank, HR. 25. WASA-34 CBC, CB, Filtration Plant in Unsafe Unsafe Gawalmandi, Children Park. 26. WASA-35 TW#37, Filtration Plant in Rawal Safe Unsafe Chowk. 27. WASA-36 CBC-2 Safe Unsafe 28. WASA-37 CBC-1, Cantonment Board, Chaklala Safe Unsafe Mohallah Rahimabad.

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

Quality (Safe/Unsafe) Sr. No ID Code Code Physico- Microbiological Chemical 29. WASA-38 TW#137, Water Filtration in Chitti Safe Unsafe Hatian. 30. WASA-39 TW#45, Union Council#3, Glass factory Safe Unsafe Chowk, Mohallah H.Dad. 31. WASA-41 TW#164, Union Council 10, Sector II, Safe Unsafe Street # 19, Khayaban-e-Sir Syed. 32. WASA-42 TW#101A Sector 1 Khyaban Safe Unsafe 33. WASA-43 TW#100, F.P Dhoke Naju Khayaban-e- Safe Unsafe Sir Syed. Sector 4-A 34. WASA-45 TW#142-A, Union Council 37, Kashmiri Safe Unsafe Colony, Bagh Sardaran. 35. WASA-46 TW # 155 Imam Barra Road Safe Unsafe 36. WASA-47 Ganj Mandi F.P Opposite Police Station. Safe Unsafe 37. WASA-48 TW#150, F.P neat Shah Allah Ditta Safe Unsafe Road, Rawalpindi, Jamia Masjid. 38. WASA-50 TW#6 Commercial Market Safe Unsafe 39. WASA-51 Mohalla Syed Puri Gate near Muslim Safe Unsafe School No.2, Kala Khan 40. WASA-53 TW#117 Near DSP Office Rawal Town Safe Unsafe

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

An Overall Status of Filtration Plants installed in Rawalpindi

17 Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

DISEASE POTENTIAL FROM CONTAMINATED WATER

Sr. Contaminant Diseases Impacts No 1. Bacteriological Gastro-enteritis, Cholera, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Hepatitis Contamination A & E, Typhoid

OVERALL CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion Sr. No Item No. % age 1. Total No. of Filtration Plants Monitored 53 - 2. Filtration Plants Providing Safe Water 13 25% 3. Filtration Plants Providing Unsafe Water 40 75% 4. Filtration Plants Having Problem of Chemical Contamination 10 19% 5. Filtration Plants Having Problem of Microbiological 38 72% Contamination 6. Filtration Plants having both Chemical and Microbiological 8 15% Contamination Detailed water quality status of each water filtration plant is given at Annexure-1

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

RECOMMENDATIONS

In order to improve the drinking water being supplied by WASA/CBC/PF filtration plants, following actions are recommended: 1. Capacity of plant operator must be developed for effective chlorination, analysis of free residual chlorine on daily basis and bacteriological contamination on weekly basis. In this respect, a log book should be maintained by plant operator and verified by concerned authorities on daily basis. Capacity building of WASA plant operators and management for O&M of filtration plants is also recommended. 2. Hygienic conditions at the plant site and its surroundings should be maintained. 3. Replacements and maintenance of Ultraviolet Lamps/Filtration Cartridges should be carried out in time for continuous supply of safe drinking water.

REFERENCES

• APHA, AWWA and WEF, D.E 1992 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, 18th Edition, Washington, DC.

• WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section314_4295.htm#who • Pakistan Standards Specification for Bottled Drinking Water, 3rd Revision 9PS:4639-2004. Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority, Karachi, Pakistan.

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

WASA FILTRATION PLANTS RESULTS

Turb- Alkal Total Lab Sample Code Color pH EC TDS Ca Mg Hard HCO CO Cl Na Fl Fe K NO SO PO As E-Coli idity -inity 3 3 3 4 4 coliform

Client Sample Guideline Values Sr. No 5 CL 6.5-8.5 NGVS 1000 NGVS NGVS 500 NGVS NGVS NGVS 250 NGVS 1.5 0.3 NGVS 10 NGVS NGVS 50 -ve -ve Code (PSQCA)

Units NTU - - µS/cm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppb MpN/100ml MpN/100ml

Detection Limit 0.2 - 0.02 0.2875 - 2 1 5 - 5 5 2 1 0.03 0.03 0.2 0.06 0.4 0.03 0.11 - - Sabzi Mandi 1 Chowk Dhoke WASA-1 BDL CL 6.89 735 404 80 24 300 365 365 BDL 22 35 0.33 BDL 1.2 1 15 BDL 0.65 31.8 9.6 Kala Khan Tubewell No.16 Mohalla Qayyum 2 WASA-2 BDL CL 6.98 660 363 84 24 310 295 295 BDL 21 25 0.22 BDL 1.6 4 27 BDL BDL 16 -ve Abad Dhoke Kala Khan Near Ojhari Camp 3 WASA-3 BDL CL 6.95 666 366 80 24 300 310 310 BDL 22 27 0.15 BDL 2 1 18 BDL 0.6008 1 -ve Dhoke Kala Khan Tube No.148 A 4 Banni Chowk near WASA-4 BDL CL 7.12 704 387 68 26 275 305 305 BDL 21 31 BDL BDL 1.4 4 21 BDL 0.6481 2 1 Police Stration Tw # 64 Liaquat 5 WASA-5 1.36 CL 7.14 694 382 76 32 320 310 310 BDL 24 31 BDL 0.06 1.5 4 40 BDL BDL -ve -ve Bagh RWP College Chowk 6 WASA-6 0.29 CL 7.2 652 359 80 24 300 300 300 BDL 21 28 BDL 0.04 1.5 3 36 BDL 0.568 2 -ve Rwp TW#2, Filtration Plant near 7 WASA-7 0.23 CL 7.18 790 435 84 29 330 320 320 BDL 27 27 BDL 0.03 1.6 5 39 BDL 0.309 -ve -ve Katarian Pull, RWP TW#16P, , Filtration Plant 8 WASA-8 0.91 CL 7.28 835 459 76 38 345 360 360 BDL 33 40 BDL BDL 1.5 6 43 BDL BDL -ve -ve near Katarian Market TW#4, Filtration Plant , Quaid-e- 9 Azam Park, F- WASA-9 BDL CL 7.1 830 457 90 30 350 355 355 BDL 31 40 BDL BDL 1.5 6 41 BDL 0.669 -ve -ve Block, Sattellite Town. Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

Turb- Alkal Total Lab Sample Code Color pH EC TDS Ca Mg Hard HCO CO Cl Na Fl Fe K NO SO PO As E-Coli idity -inity 3 3 3 4 4 coliform

Client Sample Guideline Values Sr. No 5 CL 6.5-8.5 NGVS 1000 NGVS NGVS 500 NGVS NGVS NGVS 250 NGVS 1.5 0.3 NGVS 10 NGVS NGVS 50 -ve -ve Code (PSQCA)

Units NTU - - µS/cm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppb MpN/100ml MpN/100ml

Detection Limit 0.2 - 0.02 0.2875 - 2 1 5 - 5 5 2 1 0.03 0.03 0.2 0.06 0.4 0.03 0.11 - - TW#17, Filtration Plant near Govt. 10 Commerce WASA-10 0.24 CL 7.28 902 541 84 39 370 375 375 BDL 41 46 0.39 0.06 1.6 6 59 BDL 0.403 26.2 13.2 Collage Phagwarry TW#106, Filtration Plant 11 Saidpur Scheme WASA-11 BDL CL 7.02 811 446 88 32 350 340 340 BDL 33 29 0.64 0.05 1.3 6 42 BDL BDL -ve -ve #2, near commerce collage TW#124, F.P near MC Boys High 12 WASA-12 3.83 CL 7.29 342 194 40 15 160 130 130 BDL 15 12 0.44 0.04 2.9 1 35 BDL 0.894 -ve -ve School, B-Block, Satellite town TW#17, Filtration 13 Plant near Aliabad WASA-13 BDL CL 7.62 597 328 80 24 300 275 275 BDL 18 23 BDL BDL 1.5 2.3 37 BDL 0.202 410.6 -ve graveyard, RWP TW#25, Filtration Plant near Kajoor 14 WASA-14 BDL CL 7.66 604 332 80 19 280 275 275 BDL 19 20 BDL 0.04 1.3 3 39 BDL 0.388 2 1 wali gali, Saddiqabad Dhoke Kala Khan, Madina Market 15 WASA-15 1.23 CL 7.61 640 352 88 10 260 260 260 BDL 21 24 BDL BDL 1.6 3.6 35 BDL 0.405 24.6 -ve (Private filter) by HAJI QADIR TW#7, Data Gunj 16 Bakhsh Road, WASA-16 BDL CL 7.587 701 386 92 22 320 315 315 BDL 27 34 BDL BDL 1.5 4 35 BDL 0.21 -ve -ve RWP TW#22, Near 6th 17 WASA-17 BDL CL 7.87 350 193 52 9 170 125 125 BDL 13 13 BDL BDL 3.4 0.5 44 BDL 0.855 117.2 4.1 Road, A-Block TW#24A, Filtration Plant 18 WASA-18 BDL CL 7.68 675 371 112 15 340 310 310 BDL 24 24 BDL BDL 1.8 3.4 26 BDL 0.41 2 -ve near Dhoke Kala Khan Road, RWP

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

Turb- Alkal Total Lab Sample Code Color pH EC TDS Ca Mg Hard HCO CO Cl Na Fl Fe K NO SO PO As E-Coli idity -inity 3 3 3 4 4 coliform

Client Sample Guideline Values Sr. No 5 CL 6.5-8.5 NGVS 1000 NGVS NGVS 500 NGVS NGVS NGVS 250 NGVS 1.5 0.3 NGVS 10 NGVS NGVS 50 -ve -ve Code (PSQCA)

Units NTU - - µS/cm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppb MpN/100ml MpN/100ml

Detection Limit 0.2 - 0.02 0.2875 - 2 1 5 - 5 5 2 1 0.03 0.03 0.2 0.06 0.4 0.03 0.11 - - TW#148, Filtration Plant 19 WASA-19 BDL CL 7.54 686 377 72 39 340 300 300 BDL 22 29 0.7 BDL 1.2 3.5 35 BDL 0.267 1 -ve Bani Chowk, RWP Filtration Plant 20 near TW#133-B, WASA-20 BDL CL 7.8 667 367 80 27 310 325 325 BDL 16 32 0.68 BDL 1.3 1.6 25 BDL 0.414 15.6 -ve Bani Chowk, TW#126A, Asghar Mall 21 WASA-21 BDL CL 7.66 778 428 68 43 345 350 350 BDL 30 43 BDL 0.27 2.5 1.7 34 BDL 0.399 80.9 -ve Scheme, Satellite Town TW#148, Bani 22 Chowk near WASA-22 BDL CL 7.16 660 396 96 0 240 345 345 BDL 9 46 0.57 0.03 1.7 1 11 BDL 0.82 -ve -ve Police Station Tw#65 Mohallah 23 Gulshan Khan WASA-23 BDL CL 7.28 999 599 80 61 450 380 380 BDL 39 62 0.17 BDL 1.7 14 51 BDL 0.444 4.1 -ve Dhok Hassu TW#76A Near 24 WASA-24 BDL CL 7.42 1220 732 104 46 450 375 375 BDL 43 100 0.15 BDL 1.8 12 168 BDL 0.345 36.4 -ve Imam Bargah Tw# 76-B Masjid 25 Mai Shareefan WASA-25 BDL CL 7.44 1045 627 100 26 400 395 395 BDL 44 80 0.35 BDL 1.4 12 88 BDL 0.338 4.1 -ve Dhok Ratta TW# 75 Bhoosa 26 Godam Dhok WASA-26 BDL CL 7.36 1222 733 100 41 420 375 375 BDL 45 102 0.32 0.03 1.7 11 170 BDL 0.263 -ve -ve Ratta TW#74-A Chungi 27 WASA-27 BDL CL 7.6 1008 605 118 6 320 400 400 BDL 38 110 0.29 BDL 1.2 11 55 BDL 0.591 -ve -ve Ratta Amral TW#36 Near 28 Nawalti Cinema WASA-28 BDL CL 7.4 1059 635 80 61 450 385 385 BDL 57 62 0.34 0.03 1.7 14 91 BDL 0.593 1 -ve Mohan Pura Gali #1, Ratta 29 WASA-29 BDL CL 7.60 1474 884 120 36 450 455 455 BDL 74 140 0.65 0.04 1.9 22 160 BDL 0.466 24.6 -ve Road, Mohan Pura

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

Turb- Alkal Total Lab Sample Code Color pH EC TDS Ca Mg Hard HCO CO Cl Na Fl Fe K NO SO PO As E-Coli idity -inity 3 3 3 4 4 coliform

Client Sample Guideline Values Sr. No 5 CL 6.5-8.5 NGVS 1000 NGVS NGVS 500 NGVS NGVS NGVS 250 NGVS 1.5 0.3 NGVS 10 NGVS NGVS 50 -ve -ve Code (PSQCA)

Units NTU - - µS/cm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppb MpN/100ml MpN/100ml

Detection Limit 0.2 - 0.02 0.2875 - 2 1 5 - 5 5 2 1 0.03 0.03 0.2 0.06 0.4 0.03 0.11 - - TW # 30 Near Faisal Model 30 WASA-30 BDL CL 7.57 554 305 80 19 280 265 265 BDL 14 16 0.88 BDL 1.2 1 24 BDL 0.187 3.1 -ve School Dhoke Ratta TW # 33 B 31 Khurram Colony WASA-31 BDL CL 7.55 826 454 80 36 350 350 350 BDL 30 39 0.33 0.03 2.2 5 34 BDL 0.466 -ve -ve Muslim Town CBC, TW#5, Filtration Plant on 32 WASA-32 BDL CL 7.30 869 478 96 27 350 330 330 BDL 38 51 BDL 0.03 1.6 12 52 BDL BDL 2 2 Taimour Road, Daryaabad, RWP. CBC, GMT, Filtration Plant in 33 Gawalmandi, Near WASA-33 0.36 CL 7.25 1005 603 104 34 400 340 340 BDL 64 63 BDL BDL 1.8 13 88 BDL 0.196 47.7 7.5 overhead tank, HR. CBC, CB, Filtration Plant in 34 WASA-34 BDL CL 7.32 1180 649 128 47 515 395 395 BDL 69 70 BDL BDL 2.1 13 84 BDL 0.141 52 5.2 Gawalmandi, Children Park. TW#37, Filtration 35 Plant in Rawal WASA-35 BDL CL 6.9 914 503 92 29 350 400 400 BDL 38 52 BDL 0.03 2.6 0.5 20 BDL 0.468 2419.6 88.9 Chowk.

36 CBC-2 WASA-36 0.49 CL 7.42 741 408 92 17 300 330 330 BDL 22 39 BDL BDL 1.8 2 42 BDL 0.299 85 2

CBC-1, Cantonment 37 Board, Chaklala WASA-37 BDL CL 7.24 768 422 76 24 290 330 330 BDL 25 45 BDL 0.07 1.9 2.6 43 BDL 0.266 435.2 8.5 Mohallah Rahimabad. TW#137, Water 38 Filtration in Chitti WASA-38 0.22 CL 7.55 700 385 68 32 300 355 355 BDL 19 37 BDL 0.08 1.4 1.5 17 BDL 0.174 8.6 3.1 Hatian.

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

Turb- Alkal Total Lab Sample Code Color pH EC TDS Ca Mg Hard HCO CO Cl Na Fl Fe K NO SO PO As E-Coli idity -inity 3 3 3 4 4 coliform

Client Sample Guideline Values Sr. No 5 CL 6.5-8.5 NGVS 1000 NGVS NGVS 500 NGVS NGVS NGVS 250 NGVS 1.5 0.3 NGVS 10 NGVS NGVS 50 -ve -ve Code (PSQCA)

Units NTU - - µS/cm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppb MpN/100ml MpN/100ml

Detection Limit 0.2 - 0.02 0.2875 - 2 1 5 - 5 5 2 1 0.03 0.03 0.2 0.06 0.4 0.03 0.11 - - TW#45, Union Council#3, Glass 39 WASA-39 0.35 CL 7.65 624 343 80 19 280 290 290 BDL 18 20 BDL BDL 1 3 24 BDL BDL 2419.6 410.6 factory Chowk, Mohallah H.Dad. TW# 168 Allama 40 Iqbal Park Sector WASA-40 BDL CL 7.06 816 449 80 35 345 355 355 BDL 31 38 1.39 BDL 1.4 5 45 BDL BDL -ve -ve 2 Khyaban TW#164, Union Council 10, Sector 41 II, Street # 19, WASA-41 BDL CL 7.34 862 474 108 24 370 330 300 BDL 38 40 0.44 BDL 1.4 6 60 BDL 0.146 3.1 -ve Khayaban-e-Sir Syed. TW#101A Sector 42 WASA-42 BDL CL 7.02 814 448 84 22 300 330 330 BDL 28 47 0.45 BDL 1.4 5 49 BDL BDL 4.1 -ve 1 Khyaban TW#100, F.P Dhoke Naju 43 WASA-43 BDL CL 7.18 802 441 80 32 330 340 340 BDL 30 32 0.63 BDL 1.4 5 37 BDL BDL 3.1 -ve Khayaban-e-Sir Syed. Sector 4-A. TW#166A, F.P Khayaban-e-Sir 44 WASA-44 BDL CL 6.92 1062 637 100 49 450 410 410 BDL 62 47 0.3 0.03 1.6 10 75 BDL 0.14 -ve -ve Syed Mohammadi Chowk. TW#142-A, Union Council 37, 45 WASA-45 BDL CL 7.11 746 410 84 22 300 320 320 0 27 32 0.68 BDL 1.2 4 33 BDL BDL 53.8 -ve Kashmiri Colony, Bagh Sardaran. TW # 155 Imam 46 WASA-46 BDL CL 7.09 712 392 100 12 300 340 340 BDL 19 31 BDL BDL 1.3 2 27 BDL BDL 261.3 52.9 Barra Road Ganj Mandi F.P 47 Opposite Police WASA-47 BDL CL 7.12 358 197 48 12 170 130 130 BDL 18 12 BDL BDL 3 1 30 BDL 0.716 1732.9 70.8 Station. TW#150, F.P neat Shah Allah Ditta 48 WASA-48 BDL CL 7.49 716 394 100 12 300 290 290 BDL 30 42 0.22 BDL 1.3 2 26 BDL BDL 2419.6 3.1 Road, Rawalpindi, Jamia Masjid.

Monitoring Report of Drinking Water Filtration Plants

Turb- Alkal Total Lab Sample Code Color pH EC TDS Ca Mg Hard HCO CO Cl Na Fl Fe K NO SO PO As E-Coli idity -inity 3 3 3 4 4 coliform

Client Sample Guideline Values Sr. No 5 CL 6.5-8.5 NGVS 1000 NGVS NGVS 500 NGVS NGVS NGVS 250 NGVS 1.5 0.3 NGVS 10 NGVS NGVS 50 -ve -ve Code (PSQCA)

Units NTU - - µS/cm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppb MpN/100ml MpN/100ml

Detection Limit 0.2 - 0.02 0.2875 - 2 1 5 - 5 5 2 1 0.03 0.03 0.2 0.06 0.4 0.03 0.11 - - TW # 140A Tyre 49 WASA-49 BDL CL 7.26 853 469 80 36 350 350 350 BDL 47 51 0.53 BDL 1.8 2 54 BDL 0.324 -ve -ve Bazar Rwp TW#6 50 Commercial WASA-50 BDL CL 7.07 794 437 98 26 350 320 320 BDL 43 33 0.08 BDL 1.3 6 46 BDL 0.144 178.5 -ve Market Mohalla Syed Puri 51 Gate near Muslim WASA-51 2.83 CL 7.12 691 380 80 24 300 320 320 BDL 21 60 BDL BDL 3.5 3 12 BDL 0.481 >2419.6 235.9 School No.2 TW# 24B, 52 Khanna Kallan, St WASA-52 BDL CL 7.31 590 325 76 17 260 255 255 BDL 20 19 BDL BDL 1.3 3 30 BDL 0.692 -ve -ve No.19, Kuri Road TW#117 Near 53 DSP Office WASA-53 1.8 CL 7.33 296 163 40 10 140 115 115 BDL 10 9 BDL BDL 2.9 1 24 BDL 0.886 1119.9 179.3 Rawal Town

Chlorine results are BDL in All Samples

NGVS= No Guideline Value Set MPN=Most Probable Number TDS= Total dissolved Solids NTU= Nephelometric Turbidity unit BDL=Below Detection Limit CL = Colorless