05_PANORAMA_Geographical_Anuari_2016_EN.indd 227 due to over expectation on his part or intransigence intransigence or part his on to over expectation due was abreakthrough such of absence the Whether deal. agame-changing to reach unable was and basket negotiations the in eggs his all put Abbas . in ground the on success any show to failed coordinationjoint has with security , spearheaded has and Accords Oslo the signed who Abbas, hands. both with branch olive wavesnow the and gun resistance the discarded long has suit, ness in dressed a Western-style Abbas, Mahmoud busi hand, one in branch olive waved an Arafat While to use violence to accomplish Palestinian rights. but have alternative no would people his ciprocated, re not was hand one in holding was he branch ive ol the if that clear it making fatigue army in dressed Assembly, General UN to the invited When gun. revolutionary’s the using primarily tine, of Pales for the liberation struggle the Palestinian led Arafat attire. their even in and tactics rhetoric, their in however, different are Arafat, and Abbas leaders. as have today known tinians Pales living of majority vast the that two only the are 1965. in ago They years fifty launched was which movement, ruling the of members founding were Yasser with Arafat, 81-year-old along Abbas, to . hope return and unity bring to needed is leadership Anew . in quarters muqata the in position his to have left Abbas Mahmoud dent 2017, of end Presi Palestinian the expect we can 2016, of the end the before Before latest at the or Amman Director generalofCommunityMediaNetwork (CMN), University Former Ferris ProfessorofJournalism atPrinceton Daoud Kuttab and Hope Leadership that Can Bring Unity Abbas,After Palestinians Need |Middle and Overview East TurkeyGeographical , the interim head------the 2012 UN vote, little has changed on the ground. the on 2012the changed has vote, little UN after Palestine of State the of Government the and Accords Oslo the after Authority Palestinian the as known became entity Palestinian the although So are gone. once the cameras negotiations non-substantial for return in Israelis the with opportunities by photo seduced be or process peace awasteful for a façade to offer agree longer no will Abbas peace-loving the that have shown years two last The peace. for partner no is there that by claiming Israelis, the under from rug the ing that in pull succeeded has sense, Abbas President In one. astubborn also but leader, amoderate as Despite will these Abbas be failures, remembered afoothold. deny and people his to embolden nail and tooth fought and to Gaza gone have personally would he alive been Arafat had that arguing Palestinians many with Abbas, for tive anega as remembered be long will watch his under Gaza of loss The politically. and geographically both split amajor caused has which over Gaza, to take them allowing and into power movement Islamic the have brought which elections allowing for blamed Whether long-lived or short-lived, is also Abbas and injured. dead Palestinians of thousands have left that wars deadly two fought has and siege acrippling from suffering been has Strip the as short-lived, to be proven since has success that But Strip. Gaza the from drew ed some Jewish 8,000 settlers and unilaterally with relocat army Israeli the when success of kind some strategy.their resistance-only to This appeared have to try Islamists hardline for window asmall given has tions strategy and Abbas’ negotiations-only strategy negotia and resistance mixed Arafat’s of failure The whichcords, he signed, on him. nouveau riche the (except Palestinians most side, Israeli the on ) pinned the failure of the Oslo Ac Oslo the of failure the ) pinned ------09/09/2016 12:23:54

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2016 227 Geographical Overview | Middle East and Turkey Panorama 05_PANORAMA_Geographical_Anuari_2016_EN.indd 228

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2016 228 Geographical Overview | Middle East and Turkey Panorama violating their previously amendment, first cherished to close very to come Americans pro-Israeli and ic to pan officials Israeli causing inroads, major some momentum outside Palestine and recently made gained has ago years ten circles academic Bank West in began which network (BDS) Sanctions and Divestments Boycott, successful The ritories. ized freelance leadership outside the occupied ter self-organ to the unintentionally outsourced been to have appear return of right the and Settlements behalf of its , holy place and its people. on even speak or to negotiate leadership lah-based Ramal by the attempt any down have shut Israelis the as over time grown has role Jordanian This lem. Jerusa in place holy the of future the regarding Israel with agreement peace its in aclause inserted has connected with The Hashemite Jerusalem. Kingdom issues the on up to follow entrusted been has dan Jor to others. transferred indirectly have been ries Palestinian leadership inside the Occupied Territo the and Israel between remain that key issues Three tional rights. with the na Palestinian single aim of supporting alliances appropriate the make and move freely to able are and occupations the from pressures ly have dai no territories occupied the outside tinians Pales outside. to the back pendulum the pushing in have succeeded fields different from allies their and world, the throughout roots strong down put have whom of many diaspora, the in Palestinians politically and geographically amajor split caused bothwhich has allowing them to take over Gaza, movementIslamic into power and elections which have brought the for isalso blamed allowingAbbas cause. tinian more creative use of the strengths of the just Pales a to find need the towards channels traditional the Palestinian power from resolving the conflict using of shift aslow started has strategies Hamas and Abbas Arafat, the of defeat the of combination The ------open to anyone to run for this office. office. this for to to run anyone open be will opportunity the and box ballot at the resolved be will issue the which in mechanism open more a prefer many important, is succession Abbas’ ident Pres of issue the While individual. single any of ture fu to the tied not certainly is Palestine of future The the leadership position. in politically longer no is Abbas once a freefall about to worry many led has This movement. Fatah ing rul the within or committee executive PLO the within line in second the to be known or groomed been but alsovice-President, no single leader that has adeclared of absence an there is only Not state. for ordeputy vice-President this sovereignty-lacking a of absence the is complication to the adds What member state. non- aUN now is over, Palestine take since should athird, than less for account Council Legislative ian Palestin the 132 of the which of members Council, National Palestine 500-strong the of speaker the Zanoun, Salim that say officials PLO years. for cil coun the led not has session, general first council’s the to head council by the chosen supporter mas aHa Dweik, Aziz Dr. Abdel place. to take are dent aPresi for elections which during period, a 60-day for PLC the of speaker by the replaced be should he (through death, resignation or for health reasons), President the of absence the of case in that states The Palestinian Basic Law – Law Basic Palestinian The 2010. in ended also majority adecisive won didates can pro-Hamas which in (PLC) Council Legislative Palestinian the of term The 2009. in expired Arafat, Yasser of death the after elected was who Abbas, Mahmoud of four-year term regular The fronts. many on complicated is succession of idea eminent The up. to it give seeking one than rather power onto holding leader autocratic an of actions the 2015 of more summer and reflect spring the in tions ac recent most his of some elections, future any in to run plan doesn’t he that years for saying been has Abbas Mahmoud While Ramallah. in ership lead Palestinian the of resident current the for tered to have regis appear don’t shifts portfolio These state. to abinational return of right the way to preserve best the as solution one-state a for even calling some efforts, return of right the in leaders main the among also are leaders BDS the of majority The settlements. Israeli and Israel to boycott efforts popular to astop to the put just constitution a quasi – ------09/09/2016 12:23:54 05_PANORAMA_Geographical_Anuari_2016_EN.indd 229 makes little difference who is the leader of the Pal the of leader the is who difference little makes it that Palestinians many among exists A consensus of independence. aspirations Palestinian for well bode not does fense, De of Ministry the of helm at the by asettler led history, its in government Israeli right-wing most The rejectionism. Israeli of wall the to face continue plan other any or a confederation of problems the But to aconfederation. agree gladly would they then five need Palestinians minutes and of independence said, Iyad), once (Abu Khalaf Salah official, PLO one with Palestine before As it true has independence. deal into any venture will that unlikely highly is it II, Abdullah King son, to his binding not is pledge confederation ever mentioned again.” While this term the to hear want don’t “I saying as quoted was who Hussein, by King rejected time, at the was, but 1980s, the in alot about talked was new/oldThis idea Amman. and Jerusalem capitals, two are there that tine and the of on Kingdom Jordan the condition Pales of State the between aconfederation of cept gist Professor resurrected Sari Nusseibeh the- con strate long-term and 2016, academic Palestinian April In directions. indriving Palestinians different is ground the on solution arealistic of absence This an independent state. of capital the it make will that aformula hardly ians, Palestin than it in living Israelis more has Jerusalem East and isolated more and more becoming is Gaza state. acontiguous than cheese aSwiss like more be will expectations reasonable by all which tion, solu two-state the of favour in still are they whether forced to aresue. increasingly Palestinians decide is other any than louder speak ground the on facts the aside, issues succession and personality But liberation after the decades-long occupation. and statehood to Palestinian push final the make to order in 12 the of Palestinians, million support the from benefit can that people Palestinian the of leadership worldwide of kind the create to help structure PLO larger the on to call be would argue, many process, logical Amore involved. directly be not will representation worldwide its PLO, and the to again looking are Many territories. occupied the in living Palestinians to those open be only will tine Pales of President of position the Accords, Oslo the of byproducts the recognizes only Israel Since ------dependence. hope and national for aspirations and in freedom of to one despair of climate current the changing way to a long go will strategy workable and ous Giving hope onthe based a occupiers. Israeli seri by executions summary in resulted has a way that in to act many driving been has Palestinians among despair and hopelessness of level The ones. tional na as well as found, be must solutions practical that aware remaining while unity to Palestinian struggle for liberation, they will to need give priority Whoever Palestinians choose to continue the release. his for calling activists vocal most the among Africa South with pace, international an on have taken lease re his demand and council legislative Palestinian the of member elected the behind to rally tempts At jail. Israeli an in sentence prison long-term a serving is Barghouti, Marwan to that, do ability have the who few people the of one At present, success. for aformula produce could united, Palestinians keeping while community, international the as well as public Israeli the ways to engage find can that A leadership deadlock. current the of out break help could camp Palestinian the in leadership new Fresh underway.cess pro peace areal is there if as them with pictures ing tak while Palestinians, to the positions their dictate can they which in approach bilateral the prefer raelis Is The effort. amultilateral making away from them to force Administration Netanyahu by the made attempts despite role, active amore to play wanting of signs strong showing also are Europe and France policy. US balanced amore towards platform democratic the in changes real on insistence his of because nomination, the to win inability his spite de some, excited has Sanders Bernie nominee ic Democrat of position The conflict. East Middle vital to this approach its in position US balanced more a for hope some have given elections general US The failure. by yet another embarrassed to be willing un is way side, at the fall attempts previous many so however, seen having community, international The resolved. to be intervention tional strong,need continuous and courageous interna will conflict Palestinian-Israeli The people. estinian ------09/09/2016 12:23:54

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2016 229 Geographical Overview | Middle East and Turkey Panorama