Coprosma Distantia
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The Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan
The Vegetation ofRobinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile1 Josef Greimler,2,3 Patricio Lopez 5., 4 Tod F. Stuessy, 2and Thomas Dirnbiick5 Abstract: Robinson Crusoe Island of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, as is the case with many oceanic islands, has experienced strong human disturbances through exploitation ofresources and introduction of alien biota. To understand these impacts and for purposes of diversity and resource management, an accu rate assessment of the composition and structure of plant communities was made. We analyzed the vegetation with 106 releves (vegetation records) and subsequent Twinspan ordination and produced a detailed colored map at 1: 30,000. The resultant map units are (1) endemic upper montane forest, (2) endemic lower montane forest, (3) Ugni molinae shrubland, (4) Rubus ulmifolius Aristotelia chilensis shrubland, (5) fern assemblages, (6) Libertia chilensis assem blage, (7) Acaena argentea assemblage, (8) native grassland, (9) weed assemblages, (10) tall ruderals, and (11) cultivated Eucalyptus, Cupressus, and Pinus. Mosaic patterns consisting of several communities are recognized as mixed units: (12) combined upper and lower montane endemic forest with aliens, (13) scattered native vegetation among rocks at higher elevations, (14) scattered grassland and weeds among rocks at lower elevations, and (15) grassland with Acaena argentea. Two categories are included that are not vegetation units: (16) rocks and eroded areas, and (17) settlement and airfield. Endemic forests at lower elevations and in drier zones of the island are under strong pressure from three woody species, Aristotelia chilensis, Rubus ulmifolius, and Ugni molinae. The latter invades native forests by ascending dry slopes and ridges. -
Muelleria 28-1 Text.Indd
A new species of Leptostigma (Rubiaceae: Coprosminae) and notes on the Coprosminae in Australia Ian R. Thompson National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, 3141, Australia; School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Abstract Subtribe Coprosminae (Rubiaceae: tribe Anthospermeae) was erected by A new species of Leptostigma Fosberg (1982) to distinguish a relatively uniform morphological group Arn. (Rubiaceae: Coprosminae), L. breviflorum I.Thomps., is described placed among a broadly distributed and heterogeneous assemblage from Victoria, Australia and compared of genera. The Coprosminae has a trans-Pacific distribution, occuring to L. reptans (F.Muell.) Fosberg. A in Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii, Central America and key to Australian genera in the South America. Its make-up has undergone several modifications since Coprosminae and a revised key to its erection, and is now thought to comprise five genera, Coprosma Coprosma J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. in Australia are presented. Distribution J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Durringtonia R.J.Hend. & Guymer, Leptostigma Arn., maps and nomenclatural information Nertera Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn., and Normandia Hook.f. Fosberg (1982) are presented for all species in the indicated that the Coprosminae were distinguished from the remainder Coprosminae in Australia, including of the Anthospermeae by drupaceous fruits containing a pair, usually, those in Leptostigma, Coprosma, of planoconvex pyrenes and a basal attachment of ovules. Pomax Sol. Nertera Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn. and ex DC. and Opercularia Gaertn. are the two Australian genera in the Durringtonia R.J.Hend. -
Set 3 Plains Plant List AA
Food for native birds: F = Fruit TOTARA – bellbird – matai, S = Bird Seed N = Nectar older plains ecosystem B = Bud/foliage I = Insects For lizards: L = fruit Plant Tolerances ■ = tolerates or needs □ = intolerant ½ = tolerant of some * = to establish, protect from frost t = toxic for toddlers Staging 1 = 1st structural 2 = 2nd year PLANT LISTS Selected from vegetation natural to these moist & deep 3 = only after canopy closure Kaiapoi soils Tolerances TALL (NOBLE) TREES (> 12 m) Food sun shade wet dry wind Stages Alectryon excelsus titoki F,I ½ ■ ½ ½ □ 3* Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree F,N,I ■ ½ ■ ■ ■ 1 Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau F,I ½ ½ ½ ½ □ 3* Pittosporum eugenioides tarata, lemonwood F,I ■ ■ ½ ■ ½ 1 Plagianthus regius manatu, lowland ribbonwood (deciduous) I, B ■ ½ ½ ½ ■ 1 Podocarpus totara totara F ■ ½ ½ ■ ■ 2 Prumnopitys taxifolia matai, black pine F ■ ½ ■ ½ ■ 2 Pseudopanax crassifolius lancewood, horoeka F,N,B,I ■ ½ ½ ■ ■ 2 Sophora microphylla South Island kowhai N,B ■ ½ ½ ■ ■ t 2 SMALL TREES & TALL SHRUBS (> 5 m) Aristotelia serrata makomako, wineberry (semi-decid) F,I,B ½ ½ ½ ½ □ 2 Carpodetus serratus putaputaweta, marbleleaf F,I ½ ■ ½ ½ □ 2 Coprosma areolata net-leaved coprosma F,B ½ ■ ■ ½ □ 2* Coprosma linariifolia linear-leaved coprosma, yellow-wood F ½ ■ ½ ½ ½ 2 Coprosma lucida shining karamu F ½ ■ ½ ½ ■ 2 Coprosma robusta karamu F ■ ■ ■ ½ ½ 1 Coprosma rotundifolia round-leaved coprosma F,B ½ □ ■ □ □ 2* Dodonaea viscosa akeake I □ ½ □ □ □ 2* Fuchsia excorticata kotukutuku, tree fuchsia (decid) F,N,B ½ ■ ½ □ □ -
Nertera Scapanioides (Rubiaceae) Redescribed
Nertera scapanioides (Rubiaceae) redescribed Rhys O. Gardner Auckland Museum, Private Bag 92018, Auckland, New Zealand (Received 17 August 1998, revised and accepted 19 July 1999) Abstract Nertera scapanioides Lange, endemic to New Zealand, is redescribed and compared to the five other species oi Nertera in this country. A local but often abundant plant of lowland to mid-altitude peat bogs of parts ofthe North I., South I. and Stewart Island, it is distinguished by its almost orbicular, cordate leaves and slender, non-striated, multicellular hairs. The original description of TV scapanioides was based on material cultivated in Copenhagen in the 1860s, but the ultimate source of this remains unknown. Keywords: Nertera scapanioides - Nertera - Rubiaceae - taxonomy - New Zealand flora Introduction servations were also made on live plants of Nertera scapanioides and other species referred to This article redescribes Nertera scapanioides, a below. These plants were growing naturally or lowly bog plant lost to the sight ofNew Zealand were in cultivation in Auckland gardens. Ana botany for almost a hundred years. Compara tomical investigations on wood anatomy and hair tive data on the five other New Zealand species morphology were made using hand-sections oi Nertera are also provided. The species that has stained with chlor-zinc-iodine or phlorogluci- been known as Nertera setulosa (Allan 1961) is nol-HCl. here considered to belong to a separate genus Leptostigma (Fosberg 1982) and its character is Taxonomy considered elsewhere (Gardner 1999). In his evaluation ofthe taxonomy and bioge It is difficult to begin without quoting Allans ography of Rubiaceae Subtribe Coprosminae, (1961: 591) plaintive footnote: Heads (1996) chose to include all species of "I know nothing of N scapanioides Lange Ind. -
Glycosides in the Rubiaceae*
The occurrence of asperulosidic glycosides in the Rubiaceae* P. Kooiman Laboratorium voor Algemene en Technische Biologie Technische Hogeschool, Delft. SUMMARY Some properties of the new iridoid compounds Galium glucoside and Gardenia glucoside are described. Galium glucoside and asperuloside occurin many species belongingto the Rubioideae (sensu Bremekamp); they were not found in other subfamilies of the Rubiaceae. Gardenia glucoside occurs in several species ofthe tribe Gardenieae (subfamily Ixoroideae). The distribution of the asperulosidic glucosides in the Rubiaceae corresponds with the classi- fication proposed by Bremekamp, although there are some exceptions (Hamelieae, Opercu- laria and Pomax, possibly the Gaertnereae). To a somewhat less degreethe system proposedby Verdcourt is supported. 1. INTRODUCTION Apart from the classification arrived at by Bremekamp (1966) the only other modern system of the Rubiaceae was proposed by Verdcourt (1958); both au- thors considered their classifications tentative. The have several fea- as systems tures in common, but deviate in some points. The main differences are in the po- sition ofthe Urophylloideae sensu Bremekamp, which are included in the subfa- mily Rubioideaeby Verdcourt, and in the relationship between the Cinchonoideae the Ixoroideae and (both sensu Bremekamp) which are united in the subfamily Cinchonoideae by Verdcourt. Both systems diverge widely and principally from all older classifications which appeared to become more and more unsatis- factory as the number of described species increased. In 1954 Briggs & Nicholes reported on the presence or absence of the iridoid glucoside asperuloside (1) in most species of Coprosma and in many other Rubiaceae. The reaction they used for the detection of asperuloside is now known to be not specific for this glucoside; it detects in addition some struc- turally and most probably biogenetically related glycosides. -
Tupeia Antarctica
Tupeia antarctica COMMON NAME Tāpia, pirita, white mistletoe, tupia, kohuorangi SYNONYMS Viscum antarcticum G.Forst., V. pubigerum A.Cunn., Tupeia cunninghamii Miq. T. pubigera Miq. FAMILY Loranthaceae AUTHORITY Tupeia antarctica (G.Forst.) Cham. et Schlecht FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS Tupeia antarctica from the Catlins. Yes Photographer: John Barkla ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE TUPANT CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 24 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: CD PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: CD 2004 | Gradual Decline BRIEF DESCRIPTION Rounded shrub to 1m wide growing on other trees with white bark, finely hairy rounded twigs (lens needed), fleshy variously-shaped bright green leaves and whiteish to pinkish fruit. Leaves 10-70mm long. Flowers tiny. DISTRIBUTION Close up of foliage. Photographer: Chris Ecroyd Endemic to the North and South Islands. HABITAT Forest or scrub (often in regenerating vegetation), where it is parasitic on a wide range of hosts including tarata, karo, Coprosma species, putaputaweta, fivefinger, white maire and broom. FEATURES A shrubby semi-parasite to 1 m diameter. Leaves are oppositely arranged, variable in shape, 10 to 70 by 10 to 40 mm, slightly fleshy and bright green. Stems are always rounded in cross section near the tips, have pale white to grey bark, and downy or hairy branchlets. Flowers are tiny, greenish-yellow. Fruit are fleshy, white to pink, 5 to 7 mm diameter. SIMILAR TAXA Peraxilla colensoi, P. tetrapetala and Trilepidea adamsii all have colourful flowers. Ileostylus micranthus has tiny, yellow-green flowers, a ‘bent’ style, yellow fruit and young stems that are squarish in cross-section and have multiple attachments to its host. -
Vegetation Patterns and Dynamics of Renosterveld at Agter-Groeneberg Conservancy, Western Cape, South Africa
Vegetation Patterns and Dynamics of Renosterveld at Agter-Groeneberg Conservancy, Western Cape, South Africa By Benjamin Alan Walton Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Stellenbosch University Supervisor Professor Sue J Milton (Department of Conservation Ecology) Co-supervisors A le Roux (CapeNature) Professor L Mucina (Department of Botany and Zoology) April 2006 i Φ Poem “Colour awash over forelands of fertile clay” “When the winters’ cold and grim the Oxalis’s start to brim - they open up. The first feast for bees, in the shrubland short of trees not breeze. Sun’s rays soon last longer in the days: Babianas, Chlorophytums, Geissorhizas, Gladiolius’s, Hesperanthas, Lachenalias, Moraeas and Trachyandras spread their cheerful gaze. Accompanied by annual daisies and bright gladioli filling the air with strong scents of honey - monkey beetles waste no time as they perch upon delicate flowers, lest they are caught in the season’s showers. As if to suggest this is the best nature sends small midge flies to pollinate in jest, and surround mammals to tease their bloody channels. Another month has come and gone - not long now for the raaptol and Micranthus which provide nectar for brown butterflies and painted ladies. Then is the last sequence of bulbs - the fine white-filled fields of chinkerinchees. Grasses’ hour is now soaking up the sun displaying beautifully crafted silhouettes till summers end. As if heaven sent delicate geophytes are still producing their charm, when botanists avoid the midday sun. A brief lapse in displays until the autumn reds begin the seasonal cycles.” Figure a: From left to right: Moraea villosa (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. -
Fernglen Native Plant Gardens New Year Greetings to All of Our Friends
Fernglen Native Plant Gardens Summer Newsletter 2013 New Year greetings to all of our Friends 1. News from Fernglen 2. Book Review: ‘Auckland’s Remarkable Urban Forest’ by Mike Wilcox 3. A Look Back in History: James Hector - An Amazing Early Scientist. 4. ‘Wicked Plants - The weed that killed Lincoln’s mother, and other botanical atrocities’ by Amy Stewart. 5. A look at our native Gunnera. 6. Winstone’s new and noteworthy plant list from 1980. Page 1 1. Summer at Fernglen – New plants for the Gardens. Well despite the very hot weather in Auckland recently, the Fernglen Gardens are surviving. The summer tidy up has begun with watering, weeding and cutting back spent foliage for a start. Maintenance of reserves is carried out largely by volunteers, with Council providing some materials such as potting soil. If any of the Friends would like to potter and offer a bit of time helping out, this would be much appreciated. Assistance would be given. We have several additions to the divaricating shrub collection at Ben’s Ridge – these are : Coprosma crassifolia Coprosma intertexta Coprosma neglecta Coprosma pedicellata Coprosma propinqua Coprosma propiniqua var latiscula Coprosma neglecta Myrsine divaricata Coprosma wallii Photo permission Jeremy Rolfe Photo by the late John Smith- Myrsine divaricata http://www.nzpcn. Dodson http://www.nzpcn There are quite a few species in flower or berry in the rockery, highlighting the fact that there is always something of interest to view at Fernglen throughout the seasons : Parahebe catarractae (just inside the gate) Pimelea prostrata (end of one of the troughs near the gate) Carmichaelia egmontiana – pink-mauve flowers (trough) Pimelea oreophila – white flowers in a tub- front of the alpine house Rubus parvus – with raspberry-like berries(rockery on bush margin) Myosotis petiolata var. -
University of Kwazulu-Natal Isolation And
UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOTOXIC COMPOUNDS FROM ANTHOSPERMUM HISPIDULUM AND ERIOCEPHALUS TENUIFOLIUS RUDZANI NTHAMBELENI 2008 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOTOXIC COMPOUNDS FROM ANTHOSPERMUM HISPIDULUM AND ERIOCEPHALUS TENUIFOLIUS by RUDZANI NTHAMBELENI Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements of the degree of Master of Science in the Discipline Chemistry, School of Chemistry University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg 2008 Preface The experimental work described in this dissertation was carried out in the School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, from January 2005 to December 2008, under the supervision of Professor Fanie van Heerden. These studies represent original work by the author and have not otherwise been submitted in any form for any degree or diploma to any University. Where use has been made of the work of others it is duly acknowledged in the text. Signed……………………………… Rudzani Nthambeleni (Candidate) I hereby certify that this statement is correct. Signed……………………………… Professor Fanie van Heerden (Supervisor). Signed……………………………… Doctor Gerda Fouche' (Co-supervisor) i Acknowledgements This piece of work will never be accomplished without our God Almighty with His blessings, wisdom, knowledge and His power that work within me. To him I say, I am forever grateful and also the people behind my life for inspiring and guiding me through thick and thin. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor Professor Fanie van Heerden and my co-supervisor Dr Gerda Fouche, for their superb guidance and encouragement. Thank you for imparting your knowledge and for checking and proof reading my work for those things that I may have missed. -
Theligonum Cynocrambe </Emphasis>: Developmental
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1998 Theligonum cynocrambe: Developmental morphology of a peculiar rubiaceous herb Rutishauser, Rolf ; Decraene, Louis P Ronse ; Smets, Erik ; Mendoza-Heuer, Ilse Abstract: The annual Mediterranean herbTheligonum cynocrambe shows a peculiar combination of mor- phological characters, e.g., switch from decussate to spiral phyllotaxis with 90-100° divergence, combined with a change from interpetiolar to lateral stipules, anemophily, lack of calyx, flowers often dimerous to trimerous, corolla fused in both male and female flowers, male flowers extra-axillary, with 2-19 sta- mens per flower, female flowers axillary, with inferior uniovulate ovary, basilateral style and perianth, nut-like fruits with elaiosome. In male flowers the androecium emerges as an (uneven) elliptical rim with a central depression. This common girdling primordium is divided up into several stamen primordia. In male flowers with low stamen number the stamen primordia may occupy the corners alternating withthe corolla lobes. There are no epipetalous androecial primordia that secondarily divide into stamens. Male flowers occasionally show a hemispherical base that may be interpreted as remnant of the inferior ovary. In female flowers a ring primordium grows into a tube on which the petal lobes arise. The perianth and style become displaced adaxially by uneven growth of the inferior ovary. The ovary is basically bilocular. The lower region of the ovary is provided with a septum that is overtopped and hidden by the single curved ovule.Theligonum is referred to theRubiaceae-Rubioideae, with theAnthospermeae andPaederieae as most closely related tribes DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00984724 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-156572 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Rutishauser, Rolf; Decraene, Louis P Ronse; Smets, Erik; Mendoza-Heuer, Ilse (1998). -
Evaluation of Genetic Isolation Within an Island Flora Reveals Unusually
Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on March 7, 2015 Evaluation of genetic isolation within an island flora reveals unusually widespread local adaptation and supports sympatric speciation rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Alexander S. T. Papadopulos1, Maria Kaye2,Ce´line Devaux3, Helen Hipperson1, Jackie Lighten4, Luke T. Dunning1, Ian Hutton5, William J. Baker6, Roger K. Butlin7 and Vincent Savolainen1,6 Research 1Grand Challenges in Ecosystem and the Environment Initiative, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Cite this article: Papadopulos AST et al. 2014 2School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK 3 Evaluation of genetic isolation within an island Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, 34095 Montpellier, France 4Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 flora reveals unusually widespread local 5Lord Howe Island Museum, Lord Howe Island, PO Box 157, New South Wales 2898, Australia adaptation and supports sympatric speciation. 6Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369: 20130342. 7Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0342 It is now recognized that speciation can proceed even when divergent natural selection is opposed by gene flow. Understanding the extent to which environ- One contribution of 14 to a Theme Issue mental gradients and geographical distance can limit gene flow within species ‘Contemporary and future studies in plant can shed light on the relative roles of selection and dispersal limitation during speciation, morphological/floral evolution and the early stages of population divergence and speciation. -
Plant Life of Western Australia
PART V The Flora of extra-tropical Western Australia and it’s classification. CHAPTER I. FLORISTIC SUBDIVISION OF THE REGION To correctly interpret the interesting floristic features of south-western Australia, the extensive use of statistical data is required. Since, however, such data are as yet inadequate, the best one can do is to provide a suitable foundation to enable a critical study of the facts. I have therefore examined and assessed all my data so as to achieve a uniform standard. The fact that these figures may be subject to considerable change in the future does not affect their usefulness. This was made clear by J. D. Hooker when he said “it is not from a consideration of specific details that such problems as those of the relationships between Floras and the origin and distribution of organic forms will ever be solved, although we must eventually look at these details for proofs of the solu- tions we propose”. The division of extra-tropical Western Australia into two distinct regions i.e. the Eremaean and the Southwest Province, has so far received most attention. Their ap- proximate boundaries were first recorded by Ferdinand von Müller. In several of his publications he refers to the importance of a line running from Shark Bay to the west side of the Great Bight, as separating the two Provinces. This line coincides, more or less , with the 30 cm isohyet which divides the arid interior from the coastal region. This line is also important from the standpoint of land settlement since it also marks the limit of the area where wheat can be successfully grown.